The invention discloses a spherical elastic rubber rolling needle bearing. The spherical elastic rubber rolling needle bearing comprises a rubber outer ring, an elastic ring, a rolling needle and a retainer, wherein the retainer is provided with a rolling needle installing hole; the rolling needle is arranged in the rolling needle installing hole formed in the retainer, the elastic ring is arranged on the outer side of the retainer in a sleeving manner, and the inner side of the elastic ring is in contact with the rolling needle; the shape of the rubber outer ring is of a spherical shape, and the rubber outer ring is arranged on the periphery of the elastic ring in a sleeving manner; a gasket is arranged between the left side of the retainer and the rubber outer ring, the end part of the right side of the elastic ring is provided with a flange, and the flange is in contact with the right side of the retainer. The spherical elastic rubber needle bearing disclosed by the invention has the advantages that the shape of the appearance of the rubber outer ring is of the spherical shape, the rubber outer ring is matched with a seat hole, the loose fit is realized, and the bearing has a 360-degree rotating function; in addition, the internal structure of the elastic ring is improved, so that the heat treatment transformation is reduced, the abnormal sound and bounce of the rolling needle bearing are reduced, the rotating function of the bearing is increased, meanwhile, the structure of the bearing is also optimized, and the quality of the bearing is improved.


The strain distribution in the vicinity of a hole in a tensile strip was measured using an image correlation method. The objective of this study is to evaluate the capability of predicting the strain component response using a constitutive model that was developed for use with paper materials. The need for a special constitutive model for paper derives from the characteristics of pronounced anisotropy and the fact that the material behaves differently under compressive loading than it does under tensile loading. The results of the simulation showed that predictions of strain distribution around the hole were in agreement with the experimental result trends, however, the agreement deteriorated as the edge of the hole was reached. It was observed that there is extensive inelastic strain that takes place around the hole prior to failure of the tensile strip. The simulation results showed that any difference between tensile and compressive behavior that may exist for paper material does not have any significant effect for the problem of this study because the level of compressive stress is quite low in comparison with compressive failure values.


Euterpe edulis Mart. is an endangered palm tree. This species is of high ecological importance because it produces flowers and fruits in large quantities for pollinators and dispersers. Phenological studies help to understand the periods of availability of these resources, as well as allowing relating the species reproductive cycles with environmental variables such as altitude, precipitation, temperatures and relative humidity. Knowing that altitude influences meteorological variables, this study aimed to follow the reproductive phenology of E. edulis in two altitudinal classes and to verify if there is a difference in the phenological pattern due to the altitudinal difference. The study was conducted in Salto Morato Nature Reserve, a protected area located in the Brazilian Atlantic forest, more specifically, in the city of Guaraqueçaba, Paraná state. Monthly activity and intensity data were collected for the following phenophases: flowering, aborted bunches, immature fruits, green fruits and ripe fruits. Meteorological stations collected hourly temperature and relative humidity data on the altitudinal classes. Meteorological and phenology intensity data were correlated by Spearman correlation. There was a delay in the onset of phenophases in class II (200 to 400 m a.s.l) compared with class I (20 to 100 m a.s.l). In both altitude classes, ripe fruits were negatively correlated with temperature, indicating that they are available in a period of scarce forest resources. However, the amount of months that ripe fruits were available was different for each altitudinal class. We conclude that altitude influences the reproductive phenology of E. edulis, making this species even more important for feeding the fauna.


Abstract Cathodic galvanostatic polarization studies of niobium in aqueous acid solutions at 25 C show a Tafel slope of 138 mV/decade and a reactional order of unity with respect to the concentration of hydrogen ions. This observation coupled with published thermodynamic and kinetic data indicates that the mechanism of Heyrovsky is valid for the hydrogen evolution reaction on niobium. Studies on the anodic behavior of the metal based on potentiostatic anodic polarization followed by chronoamperometry, and scanning electron microscopy confirm the formation of stable films during the polarization process.


Ab initio quantum mechanical methods with the B3LYP/6-31G* method were used to model the reactants, transition states, and products of Claisen rearrangements of allyl vinyl ethers substituted at all positions with CN, NH2 or CF3 groups. The calculations predict that 1-CN, 1-CF3-cis, 5-NH2, 6-CN, and 6-CF3 substituents increase the activation barriers, in agreement with experimental results on substituent effects by CN, CF3, and the related 5-OCH3 example. All other substituents lower activation energies. A Marcus theory type analysis was applied to separate the intrinsic and thermodynamic contributions to the activation energies.


The initial main applications area for microcomputers has been in small, mass~produced systems where they replace hardw1red, random logic. These present few problems of 'software' development because the 'pro-grams' required are small and fixed. However, it is clear that the technology has now reached the state where the 'microcomputer' is in every sense a 'comp-uter' with all the capabilities of much larger and more expensive machines. Increasingly many applications are looking towards its programmability, and continuing, in-use re-programmability. This is generating requirements for a level of software support not generally provided with microcomputers. More importantly it is forcing organizations with long experience of hardware manufacture to move into the area of software and systems development, maintenance and support. This paper is concerned with software engineering techniques that allow the same discipline of modularity, documentation, quality control, etc., that has previously been imposed on hardware to be applied to software. The role of software in microprocessor-based (l-1proc-based). systems is as yet unclear. In the majority of current applications the use of a I-1proc is justified on the grounds of total engineering cost compared with other implementations. That is, the 'computer' does not have to provide additional features of its own in order to be cost-effective as a replacement for a conventional hardware implementation. In these applications it may be regarded as a collection of logic elements whose functions are established by a ROM, and the tools necessary to 'program' that ROM (assembler, debugger) are just developmental aids that play no part in the final system. The manufacture of such I-1proc-based systems should be amenable to the deSign, development, production, marketing, maintenance and customer-support techniques and disciplines that are already well-established for the previous generation of 'hardware' systems. And yet. 'software' problems are already significant in what appear to be continuationsof previous product lines, e.g. instrument t or display terminals that ·have been re-engineered for lower cost production around a I-1proc but are otherwise unchanged. In general, the problems are arising because the use of a 'computer' is expected both by manufacturer and by customer to provide a new level of flexibility that was previously impossible. The overall


In this study, the comparative precision of carotid versus femoral arterial waveforms to measure ultra-short term heart rate variability (HRVUST) following traumatic injury was investigated for the first time. This was an inter-rater reliability study of 50 British servicemen (aged 23–44 years) with non-acute combat-related traumatic injury (CRTI). Paired continuous arterial waveform data for HRVUST analysis, were simultaneously sampled at the carotid and femoral arterial sites (14–16 seconds) during pulse wave velocity (PWV) measurement. HRVUST was reported as the root mean square of the successive differences (RMSSD). Following the determination of the superior sampling site (carotid versus femoral), the blinded inter-rater agreement in RMSSD for the preferred site was quantified using the Intra-class Correlation Coefficient (ICC) and the Bland-Altman plot. The mean age of participants was 34.06±4.88 years. The femoral site was superior to the carotid site with a significantly higher number of reliable signals obtained (Fisher's Exact test; p<0.001). The inter-rater agreement in femoral-derived RMSSD was excellent [ICC 0.99 (95%CI: 0.994–0.997)] with a moderate level of agreement (mean difference [bias]: 0.55; 95% CI: -0.13–1.24 ms). In this study, we demonstrated that the femoral artery is a more reliable site than the carotid artery for HRVUST measurement and post-trauma risk stratification following CRTI.


This paper presents an automatic system developed at METAS for the calibration of bridge standards used as reference for strain gauge bridge amplifiers. This system, based on a comparison method, uses a PXI chassis with two acquisition boards to balance the bridge automatically. The use of two specific inductive voltage dividers is required to reach the very high accuracy of this type of bridge standard. With a ratio of 2 mV/V, an input voltage of 10 V at 225 Hz, the relative uncertainty is 8 ppm, which is 16 ppb of the input voltage.


Objective: Very few studies have examined permanent post-concussion symptoms (PCSs) after mild traumatic brain injury (MTBI). None have reported the nature of such symptoms. Our recent study was the first to report on a wide range of factors affecting PCSs in a representative sample of such patients. This paper presents the frequencies of the different PCSs experienced by this group and compares them with PCSs at earlier stages post injury. Method: One hundred consecutively referred patients to a Community Head Injury Service in Buckinghamshire, UK, for the treatment of long-term PCSs after MTBI were invited to participate in the original study. Those consenting to do so (n = 24, mean time post injury = 6.9 years) completed a Rivermead Post Concussion Symptoms Questionnaire. The frequency of the types of symptoms reported is presented. These are then contrasted with comparable PCS presentations at 7–10 days and 6 months post injury from two other studies. Results: Fatigue was reported by all long-term patients. Poor concentration, sleep disturbance, taking longer to think and irritability were the other most frequently endorsed permanent symptoms. The least reported were blurred/double vision, photophobia, nausea, headache and dizziness. A similar pattern was present in those at earlier stages post injury. Conclusions: The most common permanent PCSs may be those best conceptualised as the more cognitively and emotionally based symptoms, and the least common the more somatically based ones. There may be some consistency in the nature of PCSs reported over time.


The sixth‐order perturbation ground‐state wavefunction for two electrons about a nucleus of charge Z obtained in Paper III of this series is used to compute perturbation expectation expansion coefficients 〈Ω〉p for 34 operators Ω through p = 6 where the total expectation value of an operator 〈Ω〉 is given by 〈Ω〉 = ΣpZ—p〈Ω〉p in appropriate units. Estimates of the accuracy of the calculation are obtained by comparison with exactly known values, by comparison with total values obtained from the accurate variational calculations of Pekeris, and by comparison with calculations based on Eqs. (V.1) and (V.2) of Paper III of this series. The function of the higher order correction terms is discussed.


Fouling can be defined as the formation ofdeposits on heat transfer surfaces that impede heat transfer and increase the resistance to fluid flow. The presence of fouling deposits result in the loss of equipment efficiency, the loss of equipment utilization, the requirement of additional capital expenditures, and adds the cost of cleaning to a process. The cost of fouling to all industries using heat exchangers in the United States was estimated to be 2 x 10+1 dollars per year in 1995. Thus, the control ormitigation of fouling is critical to all industries which employ heat transfer equipment. In this work, a simplified transient heat transfer resistance fouling measurement apparatus was designed and a simplified analysis protocol was formulated. The design of the apparatus was optimized through first order parametric modeling and finite difference modeling of the system. A solvent evaporation techniquewas utilized to deposit a film ofknown thickness and thermal conductivity inside the apparatus. Testing results, from before and after fouling deposition, indicate that the apparatus and analysis protocol were capable of measuring fouling thermal resistances of2.6 m2 K/W. This measurement capability is comparable to the most sensitive fouling monitors disclosed in the open literature.


The present invention relates to an ethoxylated polyethyleneimine polymer, comprising (1) polyethyleneimine backbone, (2) a polyoxyethylene chain, polyoxypropylene wherein the average per NH unit in the polyethyleneimine backbone chain of ethylene having 40-90 ethylene oxide units, (3) 1% to less than 50% of the degree of quaternization.


In response to standard PL.3.3 from the JCAHO Accreditation Manual for Hospitals, Baystate Mica1 Center has developed an equipnent management program capable of identifying equipment failures and user errors for utilization by various parties throughout the Institution. tion of operator error and no-problem-found repair requests by department and by device type. piece of equiprent with high combined totals of repairs, operator errors, and repair requests where no problem was found. made it possible to evaluate the inspection program currently in place. vestigation Serves to establish a basis for further improving equipment management programs. The analysis allowed an examina


With analyzing the theory of balancing interests for the stakeholders and its theoretical basis,this paper proposes that the key to settle the problems concerning the copyright law in the construction of a digital library is how to keep the interest balance among the stakeholders.Only under the instruction of the interest balance theory,will each party of the stakeholders in the game gain their most interest in the win-win situation.Any unbalanced interest of any party of the stakeholders will bring adverse impact on the development of a digital library.Only when the value of the theory of balancing interests is adhered to,the in-depth research and probe implemented,and the current copyright emended necessarily,will the legal problems concerning copyright in the digital library be gradually solved.In this process,the information service institutions such as the library should base on the in-depth study on such aspects of digital library as theories,techniques,and laws,and express,representing the social interest,its interest claim in the game among the involving copyright stakeholders.


A useful, low cost, low complexity, and one layer microstrip slot L band antenna for secondary surveillance Radar (SSR) application is presented. The printed circuit feed network is a rat-race divider to create sum and difierence ports and sixteen unequaled power dividers to satisfy the Chebyshev distribution. The feed network has an equally length parallel structure that create constant group delay in all output ports and wide frequency bandwidth. The suggested structure is a one-layer slot array of 2 £ 8 slot elements that are fed with a microstrip corporate feed network. To improve total frequency bandwidth the slots are designed with unequal lengths. A substrate with low permittivity is used to decrease the side lobes. A 2:1 VSWR bandwidth of 9.4% is achieved with the presented geometry in simulation to cover the 1030§10MHz transmit and the 1090§10MHz receive frequency band. The antenna gain for the sum pattern is 18.5dB and 19dB at 1030MHz and 1090MHz, respectively with a 3dB beam width of 52 - in elevation and 9.5 - in azimuth. The difierence has a i19dB null at the peak of the sum pattern and an acceptable pattern against the sum pattern for SSR applications. Furthermore, the antenna has no need of the back flll antenna to eliminate the back lobe, which is critical for SSR applications. Its low complexity structure makes it appropriate for many radar applications. 1. INTRODUCTION The Secondary surveillance radar (SSR) mechanism is based on sending a pair of signals at the frequency of 1030MHz for interrogation and receiving a pair of signals as an answer at 1090GHz (1). SSR antennas are built in the form of planar or cylindrical array (2). Re∞ector and multi-layer antennas are the most common SSR antennas in the literatures that have some disadvantages like complexity and being bulky (3,4). One layer microstrip array antennas which is proposed in this work, are the useful antennas in mass production because of their advantages like easily printed, light weight and low cost which makes them suitable for radar applications. However they have some disadvantages like narrow bandwidth and high side lob level. To enhance the bandwidth, many attempts have been done in microstrip fleld. One method of increasing the bandwidth for the microstrip antennas is using stacked elements (5). (6) proposed a stacked patch array of 1 £ 8 elements with 14dBi gain and the SLL of i14dB, which is not enough low to provide the Side Lobe Suppression (SLS) for the SSR (1). In addition using stacked element increase the complexity of the system. In this paper a slot array antenna for the secondary surveillance radar application is presented. The antenna structure against the stack patch antenna is very simple. The fed slot antenna could increase the bandwidth in addition of reducing the antenna size. However, the fed slot antennas produce back radiation. To omit the back-lobes in the microstrip antennas, a metallic box is used behind the antenna. This technique is used to enhance the performance of the proposed antenna against with standard SSR antenna. The feed network has an equally length parallel structure that create constant group delay in all output ports and so cause wide frequency bandwidth. At flrst the performance of the SSR is described. Then the proposed antenna parts such as: single element, the sum pattern, the difierence pattern and the feed network is presented. Finally the simulation results using in 3D EM simulation software High Frequency Structure Simulator (HFSS) are presented. The substrate that is used in the design is Rogers RT Duroid5880 with the dielectric constant of 2.2 and the thickness of 0.787mm. Also the conductor cladding is about 17"m. 2. ANTENNA CONSIDERATIONS


The knowledge-based society is the stage where mankind is found and aims to raise the living standards of population but also to increase the level of knowledge. To achieve this latter goal, the states of the world, and especially those in the European Union, must ensure an adequate funding for its realization, and therefore in 2011 it was decided at EU level the achievement of an Innovation Union, in which are to be involved all the European countries, while to stimulate and finance research and innovation the Horizon 2020 program was proposed. The results of the Program, an "Innovation Union" have begun to be felt, so in 2011, the major companies headquartered in the European Union increased their investments in R&D by 8.9% compared to 6.1% in 2010. This increase was almost equal to that of the U.S.A. companies (9%), higher than the world average (7.6%) and superior to Japanese companies (1.5%). The sectors that used the research-development activity have tended to have increases in employment above average. I believe this information highlights the fact that the European Union may become attractive for research-development and innovation investments even for businesses outside the UE, and this can result in jobs creation and increasing competitivenees of this field of the states of the European Union. In the introductory part of the article, I have briefly presented general notions of the three component activities of the "knowledge triangle", in the second part I presented the knowledge society with several features, in the third part, I showed some provisions of the program to stimulate research and innovation Horizon 2020, in the fourth part, I presented an innovation activity connection to private enterprise and entrepreneurial initiative stimulation in the field innovation, and the conclusions shows that research does not stop with achieving the objectives and finding the outcomes research, but is it the background for further research, especially in the context of a new economy", where innovation through knowledge is the most important.


pH and oxidation reduction potential (ORP) values of the waters in original positions (in situ) were estimated by the use of analytical data on deep groundwaters and hot spring waters at 67 points in Japan. A predominant redox reaction at each point was thermodynamically analysed on the basis of the Gibbs reaction energy. The result showed that a redox reaction of iron sulphide/sulphate ion was estimated to be predominant at many points, and that in a pH-ORP diagram, most of the in situ pH and ORP estimates were on an equilibrium curve between pyrite and sulphate ion. It is suggested that the in situ groundwaters in 2 main research regions of Dohoku area and Kanto District could be governed with the redox reaction of the iron sulphide/sulphate ion.


Helminths induce strong regulatory and T helper 2‐type responses, whereby antibody‐derived host protection and regulation are essential components. Lymphatic filariasis is an immune‐mediated spectral disease that manifests as two main clinical outcomes: chronic pathology or asymptomatic infection. These outcomes depend on a multitude of factors, including parasite‐induced immunoregulation and host genetic background; antibody responses contribute to this outcome. N‐glycosylation of the Fc region of antibodies is a post‐translational modification required for the structure and molecular function, influencing host inflammatory and regulatory responses. Altered IgG glycosylation correlates with disease, whereby decreased galactosylation is associated with inflammation while increased sialylation is associated with anti‐inflammatory responses. We purified N‐linked glycans from the Fc region of total IgG from Wuchereria bancrofti‐infected patients characterizing the two clinical manifestations (chronic pathology and asymptomatic infection) and compared them to infection‐free endemic normals. Using capillary electrophoresis, we found that there was no difference in galactosylation of total IgG between the three groups; however, asymptomatically infected patients had significantly lower levels of disialylated IgG compared to endemic normals and patients with pathology. These data suggest that while galactosylation does not contribute to disease outcome, sialylation may be involved in asymptomatic infection.


Local governments in Australia are constantly seeking to raise additional revenue to fund higher service demands. One key revenue source is service fees and charges, including fines. Premised on the notion of user pays, service fees and charges represent a significant proportion of total revenue for many local governments, especially in New South Wales, Queensland and Tasmania. This exploratory essay addresses a number of key issues related to this revenue source in order to stimulate discussion and debate on matters which are presently under-examined in the literature. The article examines the philosophy underpinning price setting, the identification of the principles of price setting, the adoption of applicable price setting models, the need to adhere to National Competition Policy and also the applicability of differential pricing of service delivery within local government. Calls for more open approaches and enhanced disclosure relating to service provision and pricing are made.


Objectives: To study the effect of hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) on rat liver regeneration after partial hepa-tectomy (PH) and to study the expressions of α-fetoprotein (AFP) and tolomerase activity in rat liver tissue after PH. Methods: 24 rats were divided randomly into 4 groups. Group 1 were treated with after PH; group 2 were not treated with any drug after PH. Yet group 3 without PH were only treated with HGF. Group 4 were designed as the normal control without PH and drug treatment. After 7 days treatment, the sera and liver tissues of all rats were collected. Then the serum AFP was detected by ELISA and the tolomerase activity (TA) was determined by PCR-ELISA. Meanwhile, the liver was studied by pathology. Results: Operation could result in serum ALT increasing (F - 8.01, P0.01), GGT increasing (F = 9.71, P 0.05) and Alb lowering (F = 6.28, P0.05), HGF could lead to ALT reduction (F= 18.56, P0.01) and ALP reduction (F= 6.28, P0.05). HGF and operation all could result in TA increasing (Foperation = 391.04, P0.01; FHGF = 29.59, P0.01) and AFP increasing (Foperation = 452.19, P0.01; FHGF=18.23, P0.01). In histopathology, there was atypical construct of hepatic lobules in the regenerated livers of the hepatectomized livers in contrast with the liver remnant and vacuolation in the regenerated livers and the liver remnants in group 2. There was no significant difference in morphology between the liver remnants in the groups with PH and the liver in the groups without PH. Conclusions: HGF could not only facilitate live regeneration but also stabilize the hepatocyte membrane and make ALT decreased.


Activation energies of electrical conduction for bulk and grain boundary in Li1+XMXTi2−X(PO4)3 (M = Al, Sc, or Y) systems were determined. The activation energy for the bulk kept constant in spite of the M3+ substitution, while that for the grain boundary appreciably decreased. The total conductivity enhancement by the M3+ substitution was attributed to the decrease in the activation energy of the grain boundary component.


Summary When added to whole, unlaked blood, menadione causes a marked methemoglobin formation, and the drug is rapidly converted to some other substance (or substances). Assays with vitamin K-deficient chicks showed that these reactions cause a marked loss in the antihemorrhagic activity of the menadione. Vitamin K1, unlike menadione, does not produce methemoglobin under comparable conditions, and the vitamin is remarkably stable in whole blood.


The gas discharge patterns, a jet and a spout, generated by a vertical nozzle in an 8-m-high, 0.5-m-diameter jetting fluidized bed were investigated using frame-by-frame analysis and Sth VCD software analysis. The static bed height was varied from 0.38 to 0.66 m, and the nozzle jet velocity was varied from 16.1 to 64.26 m/s. A correlation was developed using experimental data to predict the transition of the flow pattern from a jet to a spout. The study shows that the major frequency in the power spectrum density function agrees with the jet collapse frequency measured by frame-by-frame analysis and Sth VCD software analysis. The major frequency in the power spectrum density function increases with increasing jet gas velocity. In addition, the jet velocity at the critical point in the curve of the major frequency versus the jet gas velocity corresponds to the gas velocity for the transition from a jet to a spout.


In zonal analysis of an enclosure containing a radiatively participating medium, the volume and bounding surface are divided into volume and area elements which are assumed to be isothermal. For a system of M elements consisting of N surfaces and GAMMA volume elements (M = N+GAMMA), M/sup 2/ relationships (direct- or total-exchange areas of conventional zonal analysis) define all possible radiant interchange between element pairs. Due to reciprocity there are at most M(M+1)/2 unique direct-exchange areas. The use of symmetry may greatly reduce the number of unique exchange areas. In the alternative form presented, exchange factors are defined such that a gray medium's gas-to-gas exchange factors describe only the redistribution of radiative source terms. Only surface-to-surface and surface-to-gas (gas-to-surface) relationships are required to wholly define the system in radiative equilibrium. That is, a system in radiative equilibrium may be characterized by as many as GAMMA(GAMMA+1)/2 fewer factors. These same exchange factors may be augmented by gas-to-gas exchange factors to analyze media not in radiative equilibrium. In an isotropically scattering, gray medium, exchange factors are functions of system geometry and total extinction only. The degree of extinction due to scattering does not affect exchange factor. Transformations between direct-exchange areas and exchangemore » factors are developed.« less


The invention relates to a method for protecting electric filter and removing electronegative colloids and particles in brine wastewater by electrodialysis. Anion-exchange membranes, partition meshes and anion-exchange membranes are sequentially and alternately arranged between the negative plate and positive plate to constitute an electric filter water channel, and are clamped by a clamping device to constitute an electric filter. When brine wastewater containing electronegative colloids and particles enter the electric filter, a direct current is applied between the positive and negative plates, so that the electronegative colloids and particles in the brine wastewater migrate to the anion-exchange membranes under the action of the electric field; and in the migration process, the electronegative colloids and particles are blocked by the anion-exchange membranes and adhere to the membrane surface or are embedded into the pores of the membranes, thereby removing the electronegative colloids and particles in the brine wastewater. The wastewater adsorbed by the electric filter enters subsequent electrodialysis equipment to perform desalting operation, thereby lowering the pollution level of the negative membranes of the electrodialysis equipment, ensuring the long-term stable operation of the electrodialysis equipment and prolonging the service life of the electrodialysis equipment.


Objectives: Nasal Polyps are the most frequent and very prevalent nasal masses, which the otorhinolaryngologists come across. The uncertain etiologies of this condition have contributed greatly to a wide range of treatment, none of which has been uniformly successful or universally accepted. Hence, this literature looks at the various causes of recurrence of nasal polyposis and also compares the efficacy of conventional and endoscopic endonasal polypectomy in terms of safety, recurrence and postoperative morbidity. Materials and method: The present study was conducted in the Department of Otorhinolaryngology in Vydehi Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre from April 2009 to March 2011. Data for this study was collected. All clinically confirmed cases of recurrent nasal polyposis Cases selected were subjected to a complete examination according to the defined proforma. Detailed history was taken and clinical examination done. Acute infections were treated on medical line and then taken up for surgery. All patients received a course of antibiotics starting one day prior to surgery. The patients were treated either by conventional polypectomy or Functional Endoscopic Sinus Surgery (FESS).The patients were discharged when fit and were strictly called for follow-up on the first week, third week, 2nd month, 4th month, 6th month and 1 year from date of surgery. Results: Fifty cases having nasal polyposis were selected and subjected to surgical management. The cases were divided into 2 groups. The first 25 cases were identified as Group-1 and were subjected to surgical management using conventional polypectomy. Similarly, the next 25 cases were identified as Group-2 and were subjected to surgical management using Functional Endoscopic Sinus Surgery (FESS). The salient observations of this study are as follows: 1. Age: The age of the patients ranged from 6-65 years with a mean age of 31.5 years. In case of antrochoanal polyp, the average age was 20 years. 2. Sex: A male preponderance is seen with a male: female ratio of 2.57:1. 3. Complaints: Majority of the patients presented with complaints of nasal obstruction and nasal discharge, followed by headache, sneezing, anosmia and postnasal drip. 4. Diagnosis: Out of 50 cases, 31 patients presented with Ethmoidal polyp and 19 patients presented Antrochoanal polyp. 5. Complications: Bleeding (<50 ml), was the most common intraoperative and postoperative complication. 6. Recurrence: Recurrence was seen in 36% cases with conventional polypectomy and 12% cases with functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS), which indicates low recurrence in case of patients who underwent FESS. Conclusion: Nasal polyposis is a prevalent disease and is known for its recurrence. Functional endoscopic sinus surgery is a minimally invasive technique used to restore sinus ventilation and normal function. Functional endoscopic sinus surgery revolutionized the management of chronic inflammatory sinus diseases. In nasal polyposis, there is no doubt that the polypoidal mucosa needs to be completely removed to prevent recurrence. Endoscopic technique can help achieve this goal and also preserve the healthy mucosa and its physiological function of mucociliary mechanism. Also, patients usually experience only minimal discomfort. Functional endoscopic sinus surgery has better success rates than conventional polypectomy and is less traumatic to the patients. The complication rate for this procedure is lower than that for conventional sinus surgery.


: Nowadays, Bring Your Own Device is the warmest topic in enterprise mobility. It is benefited for the public and private organization through increasing productivity. Thus, the study mainly focused to answer the question "Does Bring Your Own Device adoption impact on the work performance of the employees in Bring Your Own Device -friendly environment?". In order to conduct the study for identifying Bring Your Own Device adoption and its impact on work performance of the employees, primary data collection method was applied to collect data from 30 respondents in private and public sector which is relating to employees' performance and Bring Your Own Device adoption. The result was highlighted that Bring Your Own Device adoption impact on the employees' performance of the organization. And it is recommended for the public and private organizations to adopt this phenomenon to increase their employee performance and reduce the expenses of the organization.


Up to the present time, there have been no transient analyses of RLC transfinite networks. Standard analyses of transfinite networks have been restricted to purely resistive ones. In this paper, it is shown how non‐standard analysis can be used to examine the transient behaviour of transfinite networks having lumped resistors, inductors, and capacitors. To do so, the time line is expanded into the hyperreal time line, and the transients obtained take on hyperreal values. It is also shown how the diffusion of signals on artificial RC cables and the propagation of waves on artificial RLC transmission lines can 'pass through infinity' and penetrate transfinite extensions of those cables and lines. Less precisely but more suggestively, we can say that diffusions and waves can reach—with appreciable values—nodes that are transfinitely far away from their starting points, but that it will take infinitely long times in order to get there. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


Ultra-wide band (UWB) pulse radar has a definite advantage over optical ranging techniques, as to applicablity to the harsh optical environment, such as the dark smog, or strong back-light. We have already propoposed the extended Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) algorithm employing the multiple scattered waves, which aims at enhancing the reconstructible region of the target boundary including the shadow. However, it still suffers from the shadow region in the case of the target with a sharp inclination or deep concave boundary, because it assumes the antenna scanning whose real aperture size is too small. To resolve this difficulty, this paper proposes an extension algorithm using the array antenna model. While this extension is quite simple, the effectiveness of the proposed method is nontrivial regarding to the expansion of the imaging range. The results from numerical simulations verify that our method remarkably enhances the visible range of target surfaces without a priori knowledge of target shapes or a preliminary observation of its surroundings.


Cantilever-type tactile sensors of silicon-polymer beam structures were fabricated by surface micromachining and covering with elastomers. Two kinds of elastomers with different Young's modulus PDMS and urethane gel have been used to control deflection of the cantilevers and adjust the sensitivity cantilever-type tactile sensors. The resistance change of the sensor with PDMS has linear dependence on normal and shear stresses, but that of the sensor with urethane gel is nonliner to normal and shear stresses. However, the sensitivity of urethane gel type sensor is about 30 times larger than PDMS type sensor.


This research is based on application of landscape metrics in GIS envi- ronment for determination of the basic features of horizontal landscape structure of the southern part of Vis island, Croatia. Landscape elements (or geocomplex types) are determined based on their abiotic (lithological and geomorphological features) and biotic elements (natural vegetation cover). Anthropogenic impact during histori- cal-geographic development (agriculturally cultivated land and urbanized areas) are also considered. By means of GIS tools, the three layers of abiotic and biotic parame- ters were overlayed (lithology, slope inclinations and types of vegetation cover) and 2556 basic units (geocomplexes) were obtained. Generalization of this basic units by criterion of similarity enabled extraction of 132 types of geocomplexes. This types represent generalised homogenous spatial units which were basis for all further analyses. In the next phase, landscape metrics has been applied in order to determine basic characteristics of horizontal landscape structure: total area of each geocomplex type (including minor elements or basic geocomplexes included in each type), fre- quency, average areas of individual geocomplexes within types and spatial variabi- lity index. The main goals of the research are precise determination of abiotic and biotic features of landscape elements, their spatial structure and interrelationships, classification, typology and determination of existence of specific dominant/stable and vulnerable/labile geocomplex types. The results should serve as methodological framework for evaluation of the current state and future development trends of landscape elements of the researched area. They can be applied in planning and pre- serving landscape of the southern part of Vis island, and other areas as well.


Abstract Large impurity-free Bi2Ti2O7 single crystals were grown by slow cooling of a melt. Their crystal structure and dielectric properties as a function of temperature at different frequencies were studied for the first time. A step-like frequency-dependent anomaly was observed at a temperature of about 220 K at a frequency of 1 kHz. The relaxation behavior is well described by the empirical Vogel-Fulcher relation typical for relaxor ferroelectrics. Based on the value of fitting parameters, Bi2Ti2O7 occupies an intermediate position between the canonical relaxor PbMg1/3Nb2/3O3 on the one hand and lead-free relaxors based on BaTiO3 on the other hand. The possible mechanisms of the observed dielectric relaxation of the Bi2Ti2O7 single crystals are discussed.


In this study, we argue that if perceptual features guide part-by-part sketches, it might play a role in non-part-by-part sketches as well. The recalled or imagined objects are generally reproduced in terms of a geometrical, structural, object model, during idea sketching. This behavior was modified when visualizing parts having multiple functionality - as evidenced by a tendency to recall multifunctional parts in a more geometrically fragmented manner. The results show that there are six drawing strategies, Proximity, Synchronic processing, Saccadic distraction, Tip characteristic distraction, Illustrating angle selection and, Intentional selection when parts are produced non-part-by-part. 45% of drawing strategy in non-part-by-part were used Proximity, which appears to be associated with a shift between the drawing of a part and spatially contiguous parts. 29% of non-part-by-part drawing were observed in synchronic processing, that participants tend to divide their attention to deal with more than one part at the same time.


A recording device 12 has a recording unit 31 that records on roll paper; a connection unit 40 that connects to a barcode reader BR; and a control unit 30 that records information identifying a configuration parameter with the recording unit 31, and when a reading result is input from the barcode reader BR after the configuration parameter information is recorded, sets the value of the configuration parameter based on the input reading result.


Youthprenurship in recent times has become a veritable tool in achieving sustainable development in both developed and developing countries. It is based on this, that this study examined youthpreneurship as a gateway to sustainable development in Southeast Nigeria, as a broad objective. It adopted a survey research design with a combined population of 200 youths selected randomly. A Likert structured questionnaire format was deployed for data collection. The analysis was carried out using correlation analysis, while hypotheses were tested at 5% level of significance. Findings revealed that there is a statistically significant positive relationship between youth empowerment and innovativeness (r = .981, p-value < 0.05). The study concluded that entrepreneurship remains one of the surest ways of getting employed and employing others. Among others, it was recommended that the creation of more youth empowerment programs should be one of the priorities of government and other well-meaning individuals, if they are serious about finding a way around unemployment in the region. Introduction Background of the Study The volatility of the global economy has beckoned for entrepreneurial doggedness and innovativeness of the global citizenry. There is a lot of youth unemployment in Nigeria, especially in the south eastern part of the country (Jwasshaka, Amin & Dogara, 2018). This situation has made unemployed youth within the region to venture into entrepreneurship. Youthprenurship seems to be an option to provide succour for these teeming unemployed youths. Youths are important for the growth of any nation, providing jobs for them and taking them out of poverty is therefore, paramount. Employment generation play a critical role in the economy of nations, this is part of the reason it formed a critical element of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), and this may not be achieved in isolation without bringing the youths into the mix. Sustainable development has become a household concept among scholars and government of various nations. This increased interest in the concept is because of what it professes to International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences Vol. 1 1 , No. 4, 2021, E-ISSN: 2222-6990 © 2021 HRMARS 1129 offer, leading to the captioning of a developmental programme as Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Local and international agencies, churches and schools are not left out in the campaign for the achievement of SDGs. The frequent usage of the word may be attributed to the establishment of Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) that subsequently gave birth to SDGs. The former was when 189 nations gathered in September 2000 at the United Nations headquarters and signed the establishment of MDGs, with the aim of achieving a set of eight agenda (goals) that would help to ameliorate the sufferings of the developing and under-developed nations. These goals summarily range from reduction of extreme poverty, hunger, promoting gender equality, reducing child mortality to a bearable minimum, improving maternal health, combating disease etc. The MDGs goals expired in the year 2015, and thus ushered in the SDGs which is more comprehensive and encompassing, and has its life span till 2030 (2015 – 2030). SDG has a 17 aim agenda that summarily includes promotion of sustainable economic growth, employment, decent work for all, reduction of inequality among countries etc (United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), 2015). Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), a development that meets the needs and aspiration of the present without compromising the future; sees the youth as part and parcel of the major groups which the United Nations (UN) would work together with to ensure the attainment of the said agenda (UN Sustainable Development Knowledge Platform, 2015). The global youth population is put at about 1.8 billion, aged between 15–24, based on the UN definition of youth. African youths are said to be about 200 million (Odoh & Eme, 2014). Nigeria youths are people between the ages of 18 – 35, and they formed the largest segment of the Nigeria population (Kolade, Towobala, Orasanye, Ayami & Omodewu, 2014). Interestingly, the African youth population is expected to grow in future, while the youth population in other parts of the globe are expected to shrink (Gyimah-Brepong & Kimenyi, 2013). Youths are a veritable part of any economy, this is because of their size, dynamism, energy and age. This is why they are regarded as the future leaders, economic and political drivers of any nation (Odoh & Eme, 2014). However, it seems to have become a mirage, that this particular segment of our society is facing all manner of challenges such as unemployment, underemployment, hunger, poverty, illiteracy and different forms of diseases (Mulvey, 2005). According to International Labour Organization (ILO) (2017), between 1997 to 2017, the youth population added by 139 million while the youth labour force contrasted by 34.9 million, and that in the near future, most of the youths are expected to be unemployed in the developing countries. Undoubtedly, juxtaposing the above statistics with the current situation of youth unemployment in Nigeria, and the southeast in particular, the need to nip off the problem in the bud to avoid getting out of hand needs urgent attention. Southeast is one of the geopolitical zones in Nigeria with the highest number of unemployed youth after the South-South zone (National Bureau of Statistics (NBS), 2020). These damning statistics make a case for a study of this nature to be undertaken. The study is narrowed down to two states in the southeast, Imo and Anambra state. The narrowing down was necessitated by the fact that Imo state has the highest number of unemployed youths in Nigeria (48.7%) while Anambra state has the least number of unemployed youths in Nigeria (13.1%) (NBS, 2021). This study, therefore, seeks to ascertain the relationship between youthpreneurship and achievement of sustainable development in southeast, Nigeria, as the broad objective. Specifically, however, the study seeks to: Determine the extent of relationship that exists between youth empowerment and Innovativeness in Southeast, Nigeria. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences Vol. 1 1 , No. 4, 2021, E-ISSN: 2222-6990 © 2021 HRMARS 1130 Conceptual and Theoretical Issues Entrepreneurship This is the quality and dexterity needed to become an entrepreneur. It is also the capacity needed for inventing and generating innovative business ideas, coordinating resources, organizing production, marketing the product, and managing the inherent risks. Onuoha (2007) opines that entrepreneurship is the process of creating new organizations or revitalizing an already existing business organization with the view of identifying business opportunities. Schumpeter (1970) as cited in Eroglu and Picak (2011) aver that entrepreneurs are the people who make use of market opportunities through technological inventions. In the views of Mohammed (2008), it is the process undertaken by a risk-taker, called the entrepreneur to establish a progressive business by discovering business opportunities, organizing them, managing the risks and as well contributing to economic growth. Entrepreneurship just like other areas of specialization has no single definition. Everyone views the concept from different perspective and backgrounds. However, it could be said to have four key elements. They are: I. Vision: This has to do with sporting emerging business opportunities. II. Innovation: Inventing new business or hatching new ideas of doing things. III. Risk Bearing: Facing business challenges and uncertainties IV. Organizing: Coordinating the necessary resources needed in setting up a business. Youthprenurship This is an aspect of entrepreneurship designed to influence an entrepreneurial culture and spirit among youths that will foster personnel and economic development. This concept empowers young to look towards self-employment and generate employment opportunities for themselves and others. They are motivated to establish an entrepreneurial venture because of their motive to become an employer of labour, obtain an alternative source of income, provide innovative and competitive products and services (Riah, 2010). According to small business leadership (2017), youthpreneur has three transitionary periods, which includes: ▪ Pre-Entrepreneurs: These are entrepreneurs who are still at the incubating stage. They have gathered much experience. These are people between the ages of 15 – 19. They are entrepreneurs who need various entrepreneurship possibilities. Entrepreneurship orientation and awareness at this stage is key. ▪ Budding Entrepreneurs: This is the second stage of youthprenurship development. These are entrepreneurs between the ages of 20-24. They have been equipped with entrepreneurial exposures and confidence to establish their own business. Intensive entrepreneurial development training is needs at this stage for survival. ▪ Emergent Entrepreneurs: These sets of youthpreneurs are the most equipped and experienced of the youthpreneurs. They have access to many things like capital, mentors and operational support. Their businesses are already in the market and they just needed only tactical skills for growth and expansion. Youth Empowerment This is the idea of equipping, strengthening and encouraging young people to take the initiative on how to be in charge of their life. This will inculcate the habit of self-actualization and independence among the youths, reduce unemployment, crime and other social vices ravaging the society in recent times. Akintola and Adiat (2013) opine that youth International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences Vol. 1 1 , No. 4, 2021, E-ISSN: 2222-6990 © 2021 HRMARS 1131 empowerment creates enabling atmosphere for an individual by improving the zeal to perform. Th


This article implies a method of magnetometer error determination. Using solid-state magnetic sensors, vehicle odometer and GPS sensor, low-cost complex navigation system for land vehicles can be realized. The methods and algorithms of magnetometer calibration are shown. Results of magnetometer calibration experiments and possibility to detect magnetometer error parameters in process of car driving are analysed. To acquire vehicle heading output, navigation system described here is developed. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j01.eie.22.6.17225


The reliable and safe use of wire rope is crucial for crane operations. Wire rope is a very useful and long lasting structural element when properly used and maintained. Therefore, wire rope safety is (or should be) a constant concern of wire rope operators and safety authorities. Safe use of the crane wire ropes depends directly on the rope condition, and on the in-time and reliable rope inspection. This study is focused on the failure analysis of crane wire ropes in service in Morocco. Wire defects and condition of a lifting rope have been studied and presented in this paper. Special attention is given to conditions that can lead to internal damage such as broken wires, wear as well as corrosion. Various nondestructive tests methods have been used in this application for wire ropes control such as visual inspection, radiographic and electromagnetic. The results of the nondestructive testing have made it possible to determine the safety status of a rope and establish preventive maintenance procedures to extend the useful life of a rope. It is concluded that maintenance, inspection and discard policy must be determined in recognition of the degradation mechanisms that operate in different rope applications. Index Terms—Wire rope, Degradation mechanisms, Nondestructive methods, Electromagnetic inspection, Discard criteria, Safety, Maintenance.


High performance computing research had an interesting journey from the year 1972 to this day. In the initial years HPC was considered synonyms with supercomputing and was accessible to the scientists and researchers who worked in the domain of aeronautics, automobiles, petrochemicals, pharmaceuticals, particle physics, weather forecasting, etc. to name a few. Next came a phase where the term supercomputing gradually was replaced by high performance computing and the computing power gradually shifted to PCs in the form of multicore processors for various reasons. This was the time when lot of researchers saw benefit in parallelizing their applications achieving speedups, scale ups and robustness. This was possible because of concepts like Message passing interface, OpenMP, etc. which got evolved. Lot of research was carried out related to HPC systems architecture, computational models, parallel algorithms, and performance optimization, as a result of which renewed interest was created in parallel computing for HPC. This interest was also sustained because of:


The atmospheric pressure of the gas emission can not be ignored at comprehensive prevention in caving face.From security technology programs,measures to ensure its control on,on the implementation of "Ventilation and reliable extraction standards,monitoring and effective management in place," the gas system of governance is of great significance.


Abstract Objective: Tourist regions are characterized by a very high complexity and micro-enterprises are the largest group of entities which determine the competitiveness of the destination. However, management of such businesses has a strong specificity. The goal of this paper is to identify the capabilities of managing competitiveness and marketing of this group of entities. Methodology: Literature review, examining and discussing the current knowledge regarding the competitiveness of family tourist micro-enterprises. Findings: On the one hand, small companies have significant limitations compared to larger companies. However, the family nature of the company allows for high flexibility of management. Decisions can usually be made faster and easier, which means that they are able to adapt their offer to the expectations of customers faster and better than large entities. Also, an atmosphere of hospitality and friendship can be easily created. What is more, cooperation with other local entities should result in the ability to offer higher value to consumers. Value Added: Authors, on the bases of literature review have proposed a model that shows relations as an element of building competitiveness of a family tourist micro-enterprises. It appears that these firms have unique opportunities to develop relationships with their customers. Cooperation, quality and communication have been described as key variables responsible for this process, that should result in generating the benefits of re-selecting the services of the company as well as giving them positive recommendations. Recommendations: In the area of family businesses in tourism, there is still lack of empirical studies. That is why, the issues presented in this work should be subjected to empirical verification. Future research should concentrate on the specificity of managing a tourist family micro-enterprise and on possible sources of competitive advantage of a tourist family micro-enterprise in the eyes of customers. Especially, described model should be empirically verified.


Depending on the capabilities of the RF receiving apparatus of MTC type terminal, in a mobile communication system allocates transmission resources to the MTC type terminal apparatus and method for transmitting data. If the virtual carriers for carrying data for a given MTC type devices is established, the position of the center frequency of the virtual carrier, the ability of the RF receiving apparatus of the terminal, the frequency of the virtual carrier is established assigned based on both the degree of traffic congestion on the band. .The 11


The ascomycetes Nectria tuberculariformis, Nectriella muelleri sp. nov., Nectriella sp., and Hyponectria sceptri comb. nov. were collected in alpine–boreal habitats. They were low temperature tolerant, growing at 0 °C and poorly or not at all at temperatures above 18 °C. Optimum temperature for spore germination and growth was 10–15 °C. Nectria tuberculariformis was found to be the teleomorph of Acremonium boreale; Nectriella muelleri and Nectriella sp. each had Acremonium anamorphs. No anamorph formed in cultures of Hyponectria sceptri. All four species produced a diffusible substance or substances that inhibited growth of the mesophilic plant parasites Chondrostereum purpureum, Fusarium solani, Glomerella cingulata, and Phoma medicaginis var. pinodella. Nectria tuberculariformis, Nectriella muelleri, Nectriella sp., and Hyponectria sceptri are described and illustrated.


In this paper we present a scene analysis technique with subpixel filtering based on dense coded light fields. Our technique computes alignment and optically projects analysis filters to local surfaces within the extent of a camera pixel. The resolution gain depends on the local light field density not on the point spread function of the camera optics. Abstract An initial structured light sequence is used in establishing each camera pixel's footprint in the projector generated light field. Then a sequence of basis functions embedded in the light field, with camera pixel support, combine with the local surface texture and are integrated by a camera sensor to produce a localized response at the subpixel scale. We address optical modeling and aliasing issues since the dense light field is under sampled by the camera pixels. Results are provided with objects of planar and non-planar topology.


To research the inlets' influences on aerodynamic characteristics of a cab's interior flow field,a simplified model of a domestic truck cab is used to numerically simulate the flow field by changing the shape and area of four inlets on its instrument panel.The results indicate the inlets' shape and area have great impact on the cab's aerodynamic characteristics.


Mineral matter in coal is the primary cause for ash deposition in heating surface of boiler.In this paper the most recent studies were stated both abroad and home,on the sort,composition and presence shape of mineral matter in coal,as well as its segregation and enrichment in the pulverized coal preparation process,and its behavioural trait when coal is fired in furnace flame.Fly ash's formation,ash particle's transportation,movement and sediment characteristic in fume were analyzed.Especially,the formation and mechanism of fouling and slagging were investigated in-depth,which accordingly can provide a comprehensive knowledge and understanding on whole forming process,from mineral matter in coal to ash deposition in heating surface.


In concentrated aqueous solution and in the presence of an excess of formaldehyde more than two methylol groups may be attached to one molecule of urea. The equilibrium constant of the formation of trimethylol urea is evaluated.


Abstract By over‐stressing legal analogies in ethical theory, I believe we have neglected aspects of morality that tie it closely to the development of personal responsiblity. When this relationship is realized, discrepancies sometimes claimed between self‐interest and the social good dissolve. This paper defends an approach to moral education based on using responsibility as a causal means to greater autonomy or personal freedom. By holding people unconditionally or 'ascriptively' responsible, eliminating all excusing conditions, the kind of responsibility logically entailed by Intentional choosing or Inexcusable neglect can be fostered. Concrete applications and examples of what I call ascriptive responsibility are set forth throughout the paper. 'Action‐regulators' are also suggested which operationalize and individuate education in responsibility still further.


Molecular recognition has stimulated an explosion of soid phase ligand designs and affinity chromatographic applications.This article focuses on types of immobilized ligands designed for biomolecular separation.Protein specific ligands,affinity tags and some analytical methods that have been spawned from the success of affinity chromatography are discussed.The use of phage display methods to obtain affinity matured ligands as separation tools is also mentioned.


Electromigration problem under current stressing has challenged the reliability of electronic products for a long time, which is more serious as the current applied is increasing. Adding nanoparticles have been proved to be effective in improving the mechanical and electrical properties of solder joints. This work studied the impact of Ag element on electromigration behavior of SnCu0.7 solder joints. SnCu0.7Ag0.3 solder is made by element alloying, while SnCu0.7+0.3Ag solder is made by doping Ag nanoparticles into SnCu0.7 solder paste. It is found that Ag3Sn in Ag incorporated solder joints helps lower the dissolution rate of Cu-Ni-Sn IMCs at cathode by impeding Cu diffusion in bulk solder. The rate of void formation and growth at cathode is remarkably inhibited. Compared to SnCu0.7+0.3Ag solder, SnCu0.7Ag0.3 solder has smaller-sized Ag3Sn IMCs particles, and be more effective in lowering the depletion rate of cathode IMCs. Through this study, we compared the performance of element alloying and nano-doping, and concluded that element alloying is more effective than nano-doping in improving solder joints' electromigration resistance under the same composition.


The present invention relates to a system for capturing gas using an absorbent or an adsorbent and more particularly, to a system for capturing gas using an absorbent or an adsorbent, which can reduce costs for capturing gas by reducing energy consumed to capture gas or to separate mixed gas. An existing system for capturing gas facilitates absorption at low temperature, thereby being judged that the temperature of a stream coming into an absorber must be low. For the purpose, the system for capturing gas using an absorbent or an adsorbent according to the present invention comprises a process for inputting a high-temperature stream into an absorber differently from the existing system. Therefore, energy necessary for the process is reduced greatly. Also, energy is saved greatly by applying a gasout stream. The system for capturing gas using an absorbent or an adsorbent according to the present invention can reduce energy consumption greatly compared with an existing technology.


Rolling is a common method for production of metallic parts in various shapes and sizes. In this method, the raw material placed between two rigid rolls until take the shape and size. There are two rolling methods, hot rolling and cold rolling. To achieve higher mechanical properties, and better surface quality and dimensional accuracy, the hot rolled sheets undergo the cold rolling process. The friction between the metal and rolls affects the forming process, increase the required load for forming, reduce the surface quality and increase the wear of tools. The simulation of rolling process will be helpful to improve the forming procedure and quality of products. In this research, the Finite Element method is used to model, simulate and analysis the rolling process of St 37 steel sheets in sticky friction plane strain conditions. Because of stress strain behavior of material during the forming process and increase of frictional stress due to forming process, the analysis of forming load between the contact surface of rolls and sheet are shown by simulation. Finally, simulation of forging process as a friendly tool can reduce the scrap rate, tools wear and environmental effects of scraps.


The utility model relates to an outdoor connector (ODC) type optical connector. A structure of the conventional small-scale ODC type double-core optical connector is improved, so that the double-core optical connector is easy to clean, and the problem that the double-core optical connector is not easy to clean in the using process is solved. The double-core optical connector is characterized in that ceramic inserting needles (11) in a plug body and ceramic inserting needles (25) and ceramic inserting holes (28) in a socket body are parts which are matched with each other and have the diameters of 2.5 millimeters; and inner holes are enlarged, so that the inner holes are convenient to clean, and particularly inner walls of the inserting holes and end faces of the inserting needles in the inserting holes are easy to clean. According to the double-core optical connector, the inserting hole outer sleeves are used as guiding devices which are inserted between the inserting needles and the inserting holes, and have the effects of guiding and adjusting inserted positions automatically. The stability and reliability of the connector are improved.


ABSTRACT We propose a new distributed adaptive control architecture for finite-time control of uncertain nonlinear multiagent systems. The proposed architecture employs three key components for each agent; a nonlinear reference model, a weight update rule, and an adaptive control signal. Predicated on agent-wise reference model state exchange, an ideal finite-time behaviour of overall multiagent system is captured by nonlinear reference models. The weight update rule of each agent, which is driven by a local error signal between the actual uncertain state of an agent and its reference model state, then adjusts agent-wise controller parameters in real-time to drive the local error signals of each agent to zero in finite-time. That is, not only the states of agents converge to their nonlinear reference model states in finite-time, but also the latter states converge to the given ideal behaviour in finite-time. Considering safety, the distinct feature of our architecture is that it does not rely on agent-wise actual state exchange between agents, which involves the effect of system uncertainties. This implies that when a subset of agents exhibits, for example, Byzantine behaviour, then their behaviour do not affect the rest of multiagent system from functioning.


Reducing the power system restoration time has always been an important topic in power system research. For AC/DC hybrid systems, if the rapid regulation ability of HVDC is utilized in the early stage of black start, the restoration time can be reduced. This paper proposes a HVDC startup strategy while considering HVDC lines and explores their control flexibility in the black start process. The requirement on the minimum short-circuit ratio (SCR) is presented based on the concept of critical short-circuit ratio (CSCR) under non-rated state. The maximum transmittable power of HVDC is obtained using the short-circuit ratio of the system. The feasibility of the proposed HVDC startup strategy is proved through numerical simulation on the IEEE 24-bus test system and the black-start scheme that including HVDC startup can significantly reduce the system restoration time.


The game is the most appropriate learning method for children in pre-school period. In this research, as it is intended to determine the opinions and recommendations of preschool teachers working with children aged between 36-60 months about educational games and their use in learning environment, structured interview technique of qualitative research approach has been used. The data were obtained from written information and interview forms prepared by researchers. The participants have indicated that they believe that the games should be used as a teaching tool in pre-school education environment and family and environment are the two most important factors supporting the game development of a child. The teachers stating that the inclusive students are affirmatively influenced by the peers and adults taking them as a role model pointed out that they do not have any knowledge about the fields of behavioral management, classroom management, and training of language development and social skills for children with special needs so as to include these children into game. Even though they wanted to integrate inclusive students into game depending on their knowledge requirement, they have stated that they cannot intervene efficiently in classroom and behavior management as they integrate the children into game process. Therefore they have indicated that they often restructure the game themselves and integrate the inclusive student into his or her friends' game through the intervention of an adult. Consequently, in-service training courses intended for planning, practicing and evaluation skills for developing pre-school teachers' proficiency of game teaching should be arranged and workshops on that topics should be implemented. Key words: Game, Pre-school education, Pre-school teachers, Inclusion


Developing static analyzers requires an intensive handling of tree and graph structures representing the program. Even if generalist languages such as Java or C++ have libraries dedicated to the manipulation of such structures, the absence of specialized statements makes the code complex and difficult to maintain. The purpose of this thesis is to provide dedicated language constructs to prototype tools for analysis and program transformation inspired by the term and term-graph rewriting. The originality of our approach is to embed these new statements in generalist languages. This is motivated by the development of the Tom language that offers rewriting constructs for generalist languages like Java. The first contribution of this thesis is to formalize embedded languages in the concept of island languages. This formalism enables the certification of the Tom compiler. Our work on Bytecode analysis leads us to propose a dedicated language for the representation and manipulation of program flow graphs. Thus we propose language constructs based on the term-graph rewriting. A further contribution of this thesis is to design a strategy language adapted to the expression of properties on a program. Associated with matching capabilities, this language allows to express in a declarative way analysis and transformations on trees or graphs. Finally, all the proposals of this thesis have been integrated into the Tom language in the form of new statements or improvements of existing ones. This language proposal has been applied to the analysis of Java programs.


(57) Abstract: an apparatus and method for communicating with a digital radio link terminal devices not standard changes by telephone link that includes a. Digital radio link introduces a substantially time-variable delay. Message which is sensitive to the time to transmit a message that is sensitive to time on the link is recognized and converted into a message that is insensitive to the time for transmission over a wireless link. Messages insensitive to time indicating the information contained in the timing of messages to be sensitive to the message and time sensitive to time. Message at the receiving end is not sensitive to time is recognized, the message which is sensitive to time 114 consists of the right time.


Objective To investigate the characteristics of MR appearance of adenolymphoma in parotid gland. Methods The characteristics of MRI appearance of 17 cases with Warthin tumors were confirmed by operation and pathology were reviewed retrospectively. Results For all 17 patients,15 of them were men and 2 were women.The average age of patients was 64.5 years old.Fourteen of 17 cases with adenolymphoma had solitary focus and 3 cases had multiple focus.The total of 21 focus were detected. Fourteen focus located in the inferior pole of parotid gland.Twenty focus demonstrated iso to slightly hypointensity,one focus showed hyperintensity on T1WI. Thirteen focus showed iso to hypointensity and one low signal intensity on T2WI.on postcontrast images,19 focus displayed inhomogeneous enhancement,the signal intensity equal to normal parotid gland or higher than that of parotid gland. Conclusion The adenolymphoma of parotid gland have characteristic appearance on MRI,combining the clinical data can make correct diagnosis.


Newman crack-closure model and the relevant crack growth program were applied to the analysis of crack growth under constant amplitude and aircraft spectrum loading on a number of aluminum alloy materials. The analysis was performed for available test data of 2219-T851, 2024-T3, 2024-T351, 7075-T651, 2324-T39, and 7150-T651 aluminum materials. The results showed that the constraint factor is a significant factor in the method. The determination of the constraint factor is discussed. For constant amplitude loading, satisfactory crack growth lives could be predicted. For the above aluminum specimens, the ratio of predicted to experimental lives, Np/Nt, ranged from 0.74 to 1.36. The mean value of Np/Nt was 0.97. For a specified complex spectrum loading, predicted crack growth lives are not in very good agreement with the test data. Further effort is needed to correctly simulate the transition between plane strain and plane stress conditions, existing near the crack tip.


Mr. Shaw states that'... students can apply vector methods, and these are true twodimensional vectors.•• .' The writer feels that phasors and vectors are two different mathematical entities and they obey different algebras. For example, the dot product and vector product defined for vectors are not defined for phasors. A product of two phasors is defined in the same way as that of two complex numbers. Yes, it is true that addition and subtraction are defined in the same manner for phasors and two-dimensional vectors. In the writer's experience students often confuse between vectors (as taught in Mathematics courses) and phasors (of a.c, circuit theory) if the latter are also referred to as vectors. H.MA]MUDAR Faculty ofEngineering Carleton University Ottawa I, Canada


ing with credit is permitted. To copy otherwise, or republish, to post on servers or to redistribute to lists, requires prior specific permission and/or a fee. Request permissions from firstname.lastname@example.com. © 2020 Association for Computing Machinery. 1936-7406/2020/11-ART3 $15.00 https://doi.org/10.1145/3418465 ACM Transactions on Reconfigurable Technology and Systems, Vol. 14, No. 1, Article 3. Pub. date: November 2020. 3:2 K. Kara and G. Alonso efficient computing. Prominent examples include the TPU from Google for deep learning [38], the use of FPGAs by Microsoft for in-network data processing [62] and neural network inference [21], and the hybrid FPGA-CPU architectures offered by Intel [55]. FPGAs are interesting regarding the ongoing wave of hardware specialization, because they offer architectural flexibility without the costs associated to an ASIC solution. FPGAs are versatile in both the type of workloads supported (e.g., machine learning [42, 52, 58, 70, 72], database engines [35, 43, 45, 67, 68]), as well as how they can be integrated into a system (e.g., as a co-processor [2], network-attached [73], or in embeddedsystems). Thanks to this flexibility and their potential advantages, we see FPGAs being deployed in datacenters of cloud providers such as Amazon [2], Microsoft [61], and Baidu [4]. However, FPGAs still remain a niche acceleration solution without wide applicability, for instance known from GPUs. We argue that the main reason for this is high specialization: The lower operating clock frequency of FPGAs requires highly specialized architectures to achieve the necessary performance and efficiency but often at the cost of following limitations: (1) The accelerator's functionality is usually limited to a single task. (2) The designs enforce a rigid execution flow, i.e., only a start-done way of interacting with the accelerator. (3) The level of difficulty in developing new accelerators and extending/modifying existing ones are high. These limitations especially impact the usability of FPGAs in cloud infrastructures for data processing, because: (1) Cloud systems are based on multi-tenancy and rely on shared execution capabilities to ensure fair progress for users and response time guarantees for service-level-agreements. (2) Cloud workloads are multi-faceted. FPGAs have been shown to be useful regarding many aspects in this context, ranging from database workloads [45], to machine learning [42, 72], and integration of novel workloads to established software systems [44]. Therefore, if we could support more use-cases with one accelerator and if we could modify/extend an accelerator with ease, its usability will increase substantially. (3) FPGA vendors' highly specialized hardware/software interfaces force cloud providers to be closely tied to that vendor. For instance, AWS FPGA stack [3] depends on Xilinx stack; so customers already using Intel FPGAs might avoid moving their workloads due to the high porting effort. Therefore, easy portability via new abstraction layers is important. To overcome these limitations and as part of a larger effort to use FPGA accelerators to extend and improve data processing in the cloud, in this work we explore how to implement acceleration functionality within an FPGA that is general (i.e., supports a family of different operators rather than just one) and includes functionality for workload management in the form of threading, context-switching, and thread migration. The goal is to reach a design that is an intermediate point between a fully specialized circuit and a general purpose processor running on the FPGA while, at the same time, augmenting the system level functionality to the point that is somewhat comparable to that of a conventional operating system in terms of thread management. The resulting prototype, PipeArch is, to our knowledge, the first design reaching the high performance typical of an FPGA while also providing the system support needed in cloud infrastructures. In summary, the contributions of PipeArch are as follows: • We show how a programmable hardware architecture can support a wide range of machine learning workloads while matching the performance of fully specialized designs. • We introduce runtime scheduling to an FPGA, enabled by the context-switch capability, leading to features such as time-shared execution and thread migration controlled by a software runtime manager for load balancing. • We provide a portable design easily deployable on both an Intel in-package shared-memory FPGA platform and a Xilinx discrete PCIe-attached FPGA platform. ACM Transactions on Reconfigurable Technology and Systems, Vol. 14, No. 1, Article 3. Pub. date: November 2020. PipeArch: Generic and Context-Switch Capable Data Processing on FPGAs 3:3 • The evaluation highlights significant improvements such as up to 4× reduced median job runtime thanks to runtime scheduling policies, and up to 3.2× speedup for generalized linear model training workloads compared to a 14-core Xeon CPU.


Vibration noise of electromagnetic hydrodynamic systems (the sing through CLIN-3/28 and the CLIN-4/32 with flow rotation to 180°) with liquid metals, the possibility of producing low noise pumps for magnetic liquids have been studied under two poerating conditions of low delivery and delivery close to nominal. The preliminary results of the investigations into the acoustic characteristics are given. The vibration and noise levels of this type of electromagnetic pumps for such cooling system are fairly low.


In this work, pH-dependence experiments and leaching modeling using Visual MINTEQ were performed to evaluate the stability and simulate the leaching characteristics of heavy metals in municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) fl y ash. Modeling the equilibrium concentration of Cd, Cu, Cr, Ni, Pb and Zn in raw and treated fl y ash was the main target and was conducted over a pH range of 0.5–14. In addition, simulation of the leaching behavior of MSWI fl y ash with different additives was also conducted. The treated fl y ash was solidifi ed by a microwave-assisted hydrothermal process with added phosphate. The initial elemental concentrations of MSWI fl y ash, including raw and treated fl y ash, were detected by a microwave apparatus and inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES). The ICP-AES analysis showed that most leaching concentrations of treated fl y ash decreased considerably compared to the raw fl y ash. The simulation results indicated that the dissolution/precipitation simulation models of Zn, Cu and Pb were broadly consistent with the experimental results, while the leaching behaviors of Ni, Cr and Cd were determined by both dissolution/precipitation and surface complexation mechanisms. In addition, the models of reagent solidifi cation revealed that the stabilization effect of Na2S was better than that of Na2CO3. This model will be useful in the evaluation of the leaching concentrations of heavy metals in fl y ash. 56 Q. Qiu, X. Jiang, Z. Chen, S. Lu, M. Ni the soluble metals can be understood and described well with the help of the leaching models. In addition, this model can be used to predict the leaching concentrations of fl y ash in the leaching tests at a certain pH (Fernandez-Olmo et al. 2007). Materials and methods Materials Several amounts of MSWI fl y ash were gathered from the dedusting installation (fabric fi lter) of an incinerator plant located in Zhejiang province, with an 800-ton daily capacity. The fl ue gas treatment involved spray neutralization, including a hydrated lime suspension and activated carbon suspension. The samples were dried for 24 h at 105°C, before being used for the following detection and experiments. Microwave-assisted hydrothermal process The dried fl y ash was mixed with Na2HPO4 (1.5 mol/kg, Na2HPO4/fl y ash) and deionized water (3 mL/g, water/fl y ash). Then, the mixtures were heated in a microwave apparatus (Sineo MDS-6, China) for 20 min at 200°C. After this procedure, the solid (treated fl y ash) was cooled, centrifuged, collected and dried. Microwave-assisted hydrothermal process was applied to solidify the heavy metals of the MSWI fl y ash samples in this study, and afterwards, the raw and treated samples were used in pH-dependence tests. pH-dependence test The pH-dependence test experiments were conducted in parallel at various pH levels (1-13) of both raw and treated fl y ash. HNO3 and NaOH were used to obtain leaching solutions with different H+ concentrations. The mixture of fl y ash and leaching solution at a liquid/solid ratio of 20 ml/g was shaken for 18 ± 2 h at a speed of 30 ± 2 rpm. Then, the mixtures were fi ltered through a 0.6−0.8 μm borosilicate glass fi ber fi lter after centrifuging. Finally, the fi ltrate was detected by ICP-AES (ICP−AES, Thermo Scientifi c XII, USA) to obtain the leaching concentration of heavy metals. Notably, the pH values in the experiments were tested and recorded at the end of the leaching procedure to compare with the leaching models. Leaching modeling Visual MINTEQ (v 3.1) was used to calculate the leaching concentrations of Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn at variable pH values of the raw and treated fl y ash samples. The equilibrium speciation model was based on precipitation/dissolution/complexation equilibrium reactions. The initial mass concentrations of each component (Cd2+, Cr3+, Cu2+, Ni2+, Pb2+, Zn2+, Ca2+, PO4 3-, SO4 2-, Cl-, etc.) were obtained after the pH-dependence experiment. The pH value in the simulation models was fi xed during the whole leaching process. This model was set to simulate and predict the leaching behavior of MSWI fl y ash after the microwave-assisted hydrothermal process. Furthermore, this program was also used to simulate the solidifi cation effect of S2and CO3 2on fl y ash in this work. Results and discussion Initial concentration of raw and treated fl y ash The elemental initial concentrations of the MSWI fl y ash are listed in Table 1. These data were the maximum leaching concentrations of fl y ash, which were gained determined at relatively low pH conditions. Most leaching concentrations from the treated fl y ash were found to be signifi cantly decreased compared to those in the raw samples. Therefore, the microwaveassisted hydrothermal process operated on fl y ash, which led to a low leaching concentration of heavy metals in treated fl y ash. Leaching behavior of raw and treated MSWI fl y ash at various pH values The experimental and simulation results of the leaching behavior are shown in Fig. 1 for both raw and treated MSWI fl y ash. The leaching concentration of heavy metal ions was obviously affected by the solution pH and sharply decreased at a certain pH (Cho et al. 2005). Zn. For raw fl y ash, Zn2+ precipitated mainly in the form of Zn(OH)2 at pH 7.5–12.5. At pH 7.5, 70.9% Zn 2+ was precipitated; meanwhile, the remainder basically existed in the state of free zinc ions. Furthermore, Zn(OH)2 dissolved to the forms of Zn(OH)3 and Zn(OH)4 2-, as well as the leaching concentration of Zn at pH values over 13, and almost entirely existed as Zn(OH)4 2under strong alkaline conditions. For the treated fl y ash, the pH range of precipitation was extended. Zn2+, ZnSO4 (aq) and ZnCl + were the main forms of Zn in the strong acid solutions (pH 0–4). The formation of the Zn3(PO4)2 precipitate started at pH 4, and the percentage of Zn3(PO4)2 reached 98.628% when pH was 6. Zn3(PO4)2 was substituted by Zn(OH)2 in the pH range of 11–12. Above pH 12, Zn(OH)2 started to dissolve, which did not consistently match the experimental results. Therefore, it can be concluded that more stable materials in basic solution were formed during the microwave-assisted hydrothermal process. Another point worth mentioning was that the precipitation of Table 1. The initial elemental concentrations of MSWI fl y ash (mg/L) Element Concentration Element Concentration Raw Treated Raw Treated Ca2+ 9500 7846 Pb2+ 25.72 7.838 Mg2+ 374.28 348.4 Cd2+ 3.755 1.284 Al3+ 926.4 857.1 Cr3+ 12.46 3.455 Fe3+ 315.72 302.8 PO4 3788 14499 Mn2+ 21.372 8.497 SO4 224.564 18.25 Zn2+ 138.1 61 AsO4 31.357 1.186 Cu2+ 189.6 61.2 Cl289.6 37.2 Ni2+ 4.668 0.9814 F9.1 8.9 The Proposed Place: Section 3.1 Leaching of heavy metals from MSWI fl y ash: experiments vs. simulation 57 Zn3(PO4)2 was not formed in the simulation results of raw fl y ash because PO4 3preferentially combined with Ca ions in the form of Ca3(PO4)2 precipitate. However, the concentration of PO4 3in treated fl y ash was much higher, which contributed to the formation of a Zn3(PO4)2 precipitate. Furthermore, the increased concentration of PO4 3 led to a lower Ca2+ concentration such that less soluble zeolite products of Ca ions were formed after treatment. Hence, the existence of excess PO4 3proved benefi cial to the solidifi cation of heavy metals. Cu. The simulation results showed that Cu2(OH)3Cl was the main form of Cu in raw fl y ash at pH 5.5–6.5. Over 99% of the Cu existed as Cu(OH)2 at pH 7–13, and meanwhile, Cu(OH)2 was dissolved and the concentration of Cu(OH)3 and Cu(OH)4 2increased above pH 13. At pH 14, dissolved forms of Cu composed up to 18%. CuHPO4 was formed in acidic conditions, accounting for approximately 92% of the total dissolved Cu ions at pH 5.5. For treated fl y ash, the simulation results showed that Cu3(PO4)2 was the main form at pH 4–8. Additionally, 59.5% and 90% of Cu was precipitated at pH 4 and pH 5, respectively. Cu3(PO4)2 started to be transformed into Cu(OH)2 at pH 8.5. Similarly, the precipitation of Cu(OH)2 started to dissolve at pH 13. Additionally, no Cu3(PO4)2 was found under acid conditions. Pb. For the raw fl y ash, Pb5(PO4)3Cl started to precipitate at pH 2, and Pb2+ was almost totally transformed into precipitate at pH 3.5. Pb(OH)2 existed as the main form of precipitation under basic conditions (pH 8.5–12.5). However, when pH was higher than 13, the precipitate dissolved to Pb(OH)3 -. Thus, the leaching concentration of Pb also increased above pH 13, which was in concordance with the experimental results. With increasing PO4 3in treated fl y ash, 66.9% precipitation was found at pH 1.5, which was lower than that in the raw fl y ash. Additionally, as pH increased, Pb(OH)2 formed and Pb5(PO4)3Cl disappeared (pH 8–13). Compared with the results of raw and treated fl y ash in the simulation or experimental results under the strong basic conditions (over pH 13), the treated one was more stable, with less Pb2+ leaching. Thus, it was concluded that without considering adsorption reactions, the dissolution/precipitation simulation results of Zn, Cu and Pb were broadly in line with the experimental results. That is, the leaching behaviors of Zn, Cu and Pb were determined by the dissolution/precipitation mechanism. Heavy metals (Zn, Cu and Pb) in treated fl y ash had high stabilities in the acidic and alkaline environments, as concluded from both experimental and simulation results. Ni. For the raw fl y ash, at pH 6–8, the simulation results were not in concordance with the results of the experiment, and the leaching concentration of the experiment was lower than the modeling results. It was suggested that Ni was solidifi ed by surface complexation (adsorption), which led to a low leaching concentration in the pH-dependence experiment. Therefore, it was not explained well by the dissolution/precipitation model. However, at other pH ranges, the simulation results were coincident with the experimental results. Ni2+ was prec


Objective:To evaluate the feasibility of a method for estimation of the spatial distribution of the electromagnetic field based on the growth state analysis of microbiology using microplate technique and graphics display technique. Methods:The strain E.coli BL21 (DE3),transformed with the vector pET28b-tat-EGFP (Kana+),was inoculated in the 96-well microplate and exposed to millimeter wave of 34.1 GHz with mean power density of 12W/cm2 for 1 min,5 min and 10 min,respectively. The E.coli BL21 (DE3) cells were then incubated in the 37℃-incubator for 6 h followed by the optical density measurement at 570 nm. The data were displayed as three-dimensional graphics using the interpolation method in MatLab,and then compared to the traditional computer simulation and infrared monitoring methods.Results:The growth of bacterial cells was promoted when exposed to millimeter wave for 1-5 min,with peaks displayed in the 3D simulation graph using MatLab. However,the growth of most bacterial cells was inhibited when exposed to millimeter wave for 10 min,showing troughs while the maximal temperature in the central region of the microplate was 52.4℃ monitored by the infrared thermal imager. The 3D simulation graphs were entirely consistent with the results of theoretical calculation and infrared thermal imager monitoring analysis.Conclusion:A method for estimation of the spatial distribution of the electromagnetic radiation field based on the growth state of microorganisms using microplate technique and graphical display approach is established in this paper,which is important for further and systematical study of the biological effects of electromagnetic radiation.


Acute toxicity of some spirohydantoins and their derivatives towards Planorbis planorbis (Ram's Horn Snail): The article represent an investigation with freshwater snail (Planorbis planorbis) for revealing the eventual acute toxic effect of cyclopentanespiro-5-hydantoin, cyclohexanespiro-5-hydantoin, cyclopentanespiro-5-(2,4-dithiohydantoin) and 1-aminocyclopentanecarboxylic acid. Planorbis species are very common air-breathing freshwater snails in Europe. They are commonly used as species for ecotoxicological test in order to be determined the eventual deleterious action of chemicals on freshwater invertebrates.


Bearing a rather dramatic and poignant title, this slim volume is more realistically designated by its subtitle, "The Paths of the Elderly to the Psychiatric Ward." Apparently the first of a four-volume work on aging by the Langley Porter Institute, it analyzes how and why 530 elderly patients arrived at the psychiatric screening wards of the San Francisco General Hospital and describes their later disposition. Quite obviously a tremendous amount of work was devoted to this inquiry, but it is apparent that too much of it was fed directly into the maw of an electronic computer. Thus the book is filled with a presentation of percentage distributions of various minutiae, of which the following is a characteristic example: "When the prime-of-life descriptions were intrapersonal, they were predominantly positive (81%); but when they were interpersonal, they were rarely positive (18%) and very often negative (42%, compared with 13% negative interpersonal qualities)."


Galcanezumab, a humanized monoclonal antibody targeting calcitonin gene‐related peptide, was recently approved for migraine prophylaxis. The pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) relationship between galcanezumab concentration and inhibition of capsaicin‐induced dermal blood flow (CIDBF) was evaluated using first‐in‐human data following 6 single subcutaneous doses (1 to 600 mg) or multiple (4) 150‐mg doses every 2 weeks in 7 cohorts (7 actively treated subjects and 2 placebo‐treated healthy subjects). Galcanezumab pharmacokinetics were best described by a 1‐compartment model with delayed first‐order absorption/linear elimination. Apparent estimates (between‐subject variability) of clearance, volume of distribution, absorption rate constant, and lag time were 0.0106 L/h (27%CV), 11.2 L (21%CV), 0.0192 h–1 (89%CV), and 0.202 hours, respectively. Estimated elimination half‐life was about 30 days. An effect compartment link model described the concentration‐effect relationship; estimated maximum inhibitory effect was 70.5%, and 50% maximum inhibitory effect concentration (IC50) was 1060 ng/mL. Galcanezumab showed dose‐ and concentration‐dependent potent and durable inhibition of CIDBF. Simulated effect compartment concentrations were maintained above IC50 after 12 weeks of dosing. Near‐maximal CIDBF inhibition occurred with 150 mg biweekly for 12 weeks lasting ≥24 weeks or with ≥30 mg every 2 weeks or 195 mg every 13 weeks. Quantitative modeling of galcanezumab PK/PD supported dose selection for the phase 2 proof‐of‐concept study.


Soil enzymes play an important role in mineralization of nitrogen, phosphorus and sulphur. Mineralization is the process of transformation of organically bound elements into mineral from which is readily taken up by plants and is crucial to plant nutrition. The process of mineralization is brought about by soil microorganisms and also by the abiontic enzymes present in soil. They play an important role in catalyzing several important reactions necessary for the life processes of microorganisms in soils and their by International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 8 Number 09 (2019) Journal homepage: http://www.ijcmas.com


[Objective] To analyze the results of X-ray images,serum calcium and phosphorus levels in Children with childhood growing pains,so as to provide the theoretical basis for the prevention and treatment of growing pains. [Methods] The results of X-ray films,serum calcium and phosphorus levels in 78 cases with childhood growing pains were analyzed,and the results were compared with that of normal children. [Results] There was no difference in X-ray images between the two groups,the level of blood calcium in patient group was lower than control group,and the incidence of low blood calcium was higher than control group. However,there was no significant difference in blood phosphorus level between the two groups. [Conclusion] Childhood growing pains is closely related to the occurrence of calcium deficiency,and suppling calcium to children positively is an effective way to prevent growing pains.


A fail-safe circuit, which can be internally integrated in the LVDS receiver is presented. It keeps the receiver free of the effects of false inputs (inputs open-circuited, shorted, or terminated) by driving the output high. Its structure and operation theory are analyzed in details. Simulation results from Spectre are given finally.