An essential part of evaluating the impact of a transportation corridor is understanding the ecological consequences. This sometimes gets lost in the evaluation process. Ideally what is needed in the preparation of environmental impact statements is a unified process used by ecologists, engineers and highway departments. This paper primarily discusses the study of the ecological impact of extending I-95 through Fowl Meadow into Boston. It involved an inventory analysis by air photos, base maps, land use maps, soil maps, U.S.G.S. quadrangle studies geological reports. The data was analyzed for accuracy completeness and synthesized. Physical and ecological locational constraints were defined. Key resources, elements of physiography, hydrology, vegetation and wildlife were identified. The environmental study area was defined. The second phase consisted of the generation of new data and its synthesis into the evaluation of alternate facilities. The third phase involved recommendations for specific design implementation to ameliorate the adverse impacts. In assessing the wildlife species, vegetation density, development of stories or canopies, nesting habitats, abundance of food producing species and water and the areal extent of habitat areas of Fowl Meadow, it was decided that construction of a highway and the resulting traffic would create an ecological imbalance. It is clear from this report that the methodology used in assessing the impace of a transportation process cannot be oversimplified in light of the secondary ecological impacts.


According to the survey on 7 medicinal material markets, 15 factories of Chinese materia medica slices, 27 medicine shops and 110 samples collected, this report anglyzed and summarized, the sources, provenances, characters of crude drugs, characters of decocting slices and merchandise circulation of Epimedium material drugs and decoction pieces.


The public security problems on campus have been a focus of attention in China,whose relative weak legislation is the bottle-neck for solving the related problems.While promoting its legislation,we should regard the college-campus security as a special part of public security and adopt a step-by-step approach to its legislation.While granting the right of enforcing the campus security law,the colleges should have a clear understanding of their responsibility for informing the students of security knowledge and the precaution against possible risks.


The purpose of this study is to explore the country of origin ́s effects on brand equity dimensions. This research selected wine as the product category and data were collected from Portuguese and Canadian consumers. Our conceptual framework incorporates the influence of country of origin on brand equity dimensions, composed by brand loyalty, brand associations, brand awareness and perceived quality, as well as the brand equity subsequent effect on purchase intention. The hypotheses were tested using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM). The results of the Portuguese sample indicate that the country of origin affects positively all the brand equity dimensions. The Canadian sample results show that country of origin affects brand loyalty and perceived quality, but there is no significant effect on brand associations and brand awareness dimensions.


The salt marshes are coastal ecosystems endangered due to their degradation, resulting from the privatization of public areas, implementation of subdivisions and condominiums, and large tourism projects. Due to environmental problems occurring in the sandbank, it is necessary to link academic research to environmental education as a teaching tool to educate the preservation of that environment. In such an environment the Myrtaceae stand out in the marshes of the state of Rio de Janeiro for their species richness. Floral biology studies are important in understanding the dynamics of ecosystems, since the search phenological allows, for example, to establish the period of plant resources available for wildlife. The objective was to integrate the data generated in phenological research with plants in the family Myrtaceae in Restinga de Marica for the activities of environmental education in the public schools of this county. The research was developed in the Environmental Protection Area of Restinga de Marica (RJ) along a transect of 500m on the sandy barrier internal field were observed in twelve species of Myrtaceae as flowering with greater intensity in the hot, rainy season and fruit availability over the entire year. The environmental education activities were conducted with students who visited the sandbank using the track of the boat and the booklet as a matter of support, which wrote an essay addressing the objectives of the Charter of Belgrade. All students considered positive experience in the sandbank, where it was noticed that most of the students were appreciative, as noted in their expressions in class and field in their newsrooms. The use of natural environments for classes in interpretive trails and production of booklets with information from these regions, appear important teaching tools for environmental education practices. The study showed the importance of associating academic research education activities.


Objective To evaluate the reliability of diffusion tensor imaging(DTI)-based pyramidal tract(PT)mapping, and to compare with intraoperative subcortical mapping(ISM). Method A prospective study comprised 11 subjects with various intracerebral neoplasms located within or adjacent to PTs was conducted. The PTs were illustrated by the DTI FA maps, and merged with the anatomical structure. During the procedure,DTI- based functional neuronavigation was used for presurgical planning and intraoperative surgical guidance ,whereas ,ISM was regarded as "Gold Standard" for motor function monitoring. The white matter beneath the resection cavity was electrically stimulated near the PT shown on the functional neuronavigation. Motor response was recorded by compound muscle action potential(cMAP). The distance between PT and the stimulation site was measured. Both techniques of DTI and ISM were compared to assess the accordance for PT mapping.Results ISM verified a high accordance rate with DTI PT mapping in 86% of all subjects(19/22). The cMAP was consistently elicited in 16 stimulation sites. The mean intercept between the positive subcortical stimulation sites and the imaged PTs on DTI was(3.8 ± 1.5)mm. The sensitivity of DTI PT mapping was 100% ,whereas,the specificity was 79%. Conclusions DTI is valuable in delineating PT and visualizing the complicated spatial relationship between the neoplasm and PT. It can be used to identify the descending motor pathways within white matter for presurgical planning, as well as surgical guidance. If possible ,combined usage of DTI -based functional neuronavigation and ISM is recommended for maximal safe resection of tumor in motor area.

Key words:
Brain neoplasms; Pyramidal tracts; Diffusion tensor imaging; Intraoperative monitoring; Electric stimulation


A variable rate Slepian-Wolf (SW) code is constructed which is vital for wireless sensor network applications. A practical scheme to construct SW codes is to use the syndrome of a channel code as a compressed representation of a codeword in presence of a side information (Pradhan and Ramchandran, 2003). The proposed solution is based on an efficient and practical algorithm to compute the syndrome of rate-compatible convolutional codes (RCPC). By using this algorithm, there is no need to compute the syndrome of punctured version of the mother code for each puncturing matrix which is complex. Instead, the the syndrome of the punctured code is designed to be the punctured version of the syndrome of the mother code using the same pattern of puncturing. The algorithm is general for all convolutional codes in Zq. The strategy is also generalized for parallel and serial concatenated convolutional codes.


This is a review of the book A Handbook for Caring Science: Expanding the Paradigm. Leading scholars in the field of Caring Science contribute to this important work covering a range of topics. The book is divided into 10 sections, each of which is focused on areas of Caring Science including practice, research, education, and leadership. Importantly, this work considers an international perspective. A focus on nurses' self- care is also emphasized. Grounding this work is a discussion of the philosophical, ontological, metaphysical, cosmological, and ethical ideas of Unitary Caring Science. This book is a must read for students, nurses in practice, nurse researchers, and academics who are interested in Caring Science.


Silicon fin forming method for a fin field effect transistor of the present invention the side walls of the trenches which define the side walls and vertically formed, and the element isolation region of the trench to limit the silicon pin in which the channel is formed by the step etching process is formed to be inclined do. Accordingly, the width of the silicon fin in which the channel is formed is formed of a constant it is possible to minimize the leakage current at the lower edge of the side wall while the device isolation region of a trench for device isolation is formed to be inclined to improve the device characteristics.


Comparison of hot runner injection mould with common ones for plastics turnover boxes as well as their processing technology showed that the hot runner injection mould had two parting lines, whereas the common one had four, therefore the former is simpler. The calculation of the size, heating power, linear swell value of hot runner system was also discussed in detail.


For decades, farmers in the most marginalised regions of Mexico have depended for survival on the illicit cultivation of opium poppy for the US heroin market. In 2017 they could earn up to 20,000 pesos ($950–$1,050 dollars) per kilo of opium, which channelled around 19 billion pesos ($1 billion dollars) into the country's poorest communities, sustaining regional economies, religious ceremonies, and intra-community relations while stemming out-migration to Mexican cities and the US. With the recent upsurge in fentanyl use in the US, however, the demand for Mexican heroin has fallen sharply, meaning that farmers are now being paid around 6000 to 8000 pesos ($315–415 dollars) per kilo of raw opium. Thus the total money being paid to opium producing villages has dropped to an unprecedented low of 7 billion pesos ($370 million dollars). Drawing on fieldwork conducted in two poppy-producing regions of Mexico – one in the State of Nayarit, one in the State of Guerrero – this article shows that today, farmers cannot make a profit from opium once fertilizers and other capital inputs have been taken into account; village economies are starting to dry up; and out-migration is on the up. But this economic emergency opens the possibility of wrestling Mexico's opium-growing regions from the control of Mexico's Drug Trafficking Organizations (DTOs). This article concludes by addressing several possible solutions to what we term 'the Mexican Opium Crisis' – including crop substitution or opium legalization for medicinal use – and evaluates how realistic they are in the Mexican context.


Designing supercapacitors with suppressed self-discharge for long-term energy storage has been a challenge. In this work, we demonstrate that substantially reduced self-discharge rate can be achieved by using highly concentrated electrolytes. Specifically, when supercapacitors with 14 M LiCl electrolyte are charged to 0.80 V, the open circuit voltage (OCV) drops to 0.65 V in 24 h. In stark contrast, when the electrolyte concentration is reduced to 1 M, the OCV drops from 0.80 to 0.65 V within only 0.3 h, which was 80 times faster than that with 14 M LiCl. Decreased OCV decay rate at high electrolyte concentration is also confirmed for supercapacitors with different electrolytes (e.g., LiNO3) or at higher charging voltages (1.60 V). The slow self-discharge in highly concentrated electrolyte can be largely attributed to impeded electron transfer between the electrodes and electrolyte due to the formation of hydration clusters and reduced amount of free water molecules, thereby faradaic reactions that cause fast self-discharge are reduced. Our study not only supports the newly revised model about the formation of electric double layer with the inclusion of electron transfer, but also points a direction for substantially reducing the self-discharge rate of supercapacitors.


The performance of the fuel cell consisting of platinized nickel screen electrodes and an anion-exchange membrane equilibrated with an aqueous soIuロonof potassium hydroxide, and that consisting of platinized platinum screen electrodes and a cation-exchange membrane equilibrated with an aqueous solution of suIfuric acid, were studied. The polarization characteristics of the anodes and the cathod es of these cells were evaluated. The effective area of the electrodes was 4.8 cm2 each. The cell was operated using commercial hydrogen and oxygen at a constant temperature. The potentials of the electrodes were measured versus an auxiliary standard electrode. The cells having membranes equilibrated with electrolyte solutions of higher concentrations showed better performances than those having membranes equiIibrated with the electrolyte solutions of lower concentrations at ambient tempera ture (200C). However, at elevated temperatures, an appreciable improvement in performance was observed for the latter cell, whereas the effect was small fOr the former ceIl. ln all the cases, po1arization at 10w current densities, Le, activation polarization, was observed wIth the cathode. The main concentration polarization of an anion-exchange membrane fuel cell was observed with the anode, but that of a cation-exchange membrane fuel cell was observed with the cathode. Thus, it was concluded that the concentration polarizations were caused by the slow diffusion rates of the hydroxyl or hydrogen ions in the membrane.


Melody Mangler is a highly acclaimed burlesque performer, teacher, costumer, and writer from Vancouver. In 2009, the Burlesque Hall of Fame recognized her talents with the "Best Debut" Award for her outstanding performance piece Venus in Spring. As a founding member of the Screaming Chicken Theatrical Society and their current artistic director, she contributes significantly to the Vancouver burlesque scene.This interview centres on the role costumes play in Melody Mangler's performance process from their inspiration to their construction, and as a stage partner. The conversation covers various aspects of costume design: the historical burlesque, the connotation of fashion-before-function, the ingenuity required during the building process, and the technical complexity in the creation and play all burlesque costumes involve.Mangler also speaks to the creative adjustments of conventions, the inherited satirical characteristic of the neo-burlesque as well as the significance of sex-positivity and body-positivity.


We describe a new link in the research of molecular electronics and neural networks. This research is based on molecular networks in the neuron. It is a more realistic approach than today's concepts in neuroengineering as a new computer technology field. The molecular networks approach is possible to use in three technologies: neurocomputer, neurockip and molecular chip. This means


A series of chiral ferrocene-containing thiourea derivatives have been synthesized, and their enantioselective recognition properties were investigated by UV/Vis titration. Receptors 5a and 6a exhibit excellent chiral recognition abilities towards N-acetylaspartate. The differences in solution colour can be observed directly by the naked eye. The minimum energy structures of 5a and 6a were also obtained by theoretical DFT calculations. (© Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)


Software systems development happens within a context which organizational processes are well-established. Hence, software needs to be built with flexible architectures based in social and intentional concepts to enable software to evolve consistently with its operational environment, as well as, to accommodate new components and meet new requirements. This paper proposes to accommodate within UML-RT the concepts and features used for representing organizational architectures styles defined by the Tropos requirements driven development methodology. In doing so, it allows to provide a detailed representation of both the structure and behaviour of software architectural design using these styles. An ecommerce software system case study is used to illustrate the approach.


Scratches are common defects on the surface of optical disks and affect the status of the servo system and the readout of data, sometimes they even cause the breakdown of the system. To understand the mechanism, it is necessary to investigate profiles of scratches and their influence on the servo system and the HF signal. In this paper, the 3D profiles of more than 15 scratches have been measured, and the scratches are defined as U-type, W-type and M-type respectively. The experiments show that the rough surfaces of scratches scatter away the incident light heavily, and finally reduce the light intensity and change the intensity distribution on the exit pupil plane. The influences of the U-type scratch, W-type scratch and the M-type scratch on a servo system and HF signal are discussed.


Abstract Bromination of 1,8a-dihydroazulene-1,1-dicarbonitriles (DHA) followed by elimination of HBr was previously shown to be an important protocol for functionalizing these molecular photoswitches in the seven-membered ring (at C7). Here we show systematically how the outcome of the bromination reaction depends on the electronic character of an aryl substituent at the C2 position of DHA, and the solvent polarity as the reaction can lead to either the addition product or to the corresponding 2-aryl-1-bromo-3-cyanoazulene.


Fluorophosphate glasses of the composition 5Ba (PO3) 2- (38-x) AlF3-57RF2-xNdF3 were obtained, where R = Ba, Ca, Sr, Mg, Pb; x = 0.5, 3, 5 mol%. It was found that the introduction of lead fluoride reduces the glass transition and crystallization temperatures. It has been shown that for all systems containing MgF2, the formation of a uovite phase is characteristic. The UV-cutoff has shifted from 200 nm to 250 nm.


The multi-hopping and node mobility of an ad hoc network make it difficult to debug its protocol during implementation. It is unpractical to debug protocols on real radios at the beginning of the implementation. A debugging environment is very necessary and important for ad hoc network protocol implementation. This paper analyzes the special requirement for the debugging environment and provides a two-phase debugging method: first indoor and then outdoor debugging. To support indoor debugging, we construct the indoor debugging environment using our ad hoc network emulation systems. The emulation system is composed of one computer with a multi-port card and several network nodes. It can emulate the wireless channel and the mobility of the ad hoc network nodes (this means that dynamic topology changes are also emulated). The design and implementation details of our ad hoc network emulation system are presented. For the outdoor debugging phase, we built an ad hoc network testbed. We adopt the idea of a remote monitor to observe and control the behavior of moving nodes. The fixed monitor communicates with moving nodes through the ad hoc network protocols we design. Experience tells us that at the beginning of protocol implementation and debugging, an ad hoc network emulation system is indispensable. In addition, a remote monitor is a very useful tool for outdoor debugging.


A new method to reveal the effect on the novel semi-elliptical leg moving on loose soil was developed. The method combined an infinitesimal thought based model and bar drag experiment. In the theory model, the effect on the leg was obtained by integrating the effect on each element under the ground, which was mimicked by the bar drag experiment performed under the condition of different angles between its longitudinal direction and its own speed direction, different depths, as well as different speeds. The result predicted by our method corresponded well with the experimental result under the same condition. It was found that the force and torque have little relationship with the angular velocity of the leg in the range we considered. Different types of legs described by elliptical equation were also analyzed to reveal leg shape's influence on robot's performance. Analysis based on the study revealed the internal reasons for the novel leg's advancement in loose soil overcoming, in addition, some general design principle and control strategy were also discussed to utilize the characters of the force and torque.


Supernumerary Robotic Limbs (SRLs) can make physical activities easier, but require cooperation with the operator. To improve cooperation between the SRLs and the operator, the SRLs can try to predict the operator's intentions. A way to predict the operator's intentions is to use his/her Facial Expressions (FEs). Here we investigate the mapping between FEs and Supernumerary Robotic Arms (SRAs) commands (e.g. grab, release). To measure FEs, we used a optical sensor-based approach (here inside a HMD). The sensors data are fed to a SVM able to predict FEs. The SRAs can then carry out commands by predicting the operator's FEs (and arguably, the operator's intention). We ran a data collection study (N=10) to know which FEs assign to which robotic arm commands in a Virtual reality Environment (VE). We researched the mapping patterns by (1) performing an object reaching grasping releasing task using "any" FEs; (2) analyzing sensors data and a self-reported FE questionnaire to find the most common FEs used for a given command; (3) classifying the FEs in FEs groups. We then ran another study (N=14) to find the most effective combination of FEs groups / SRAs commands by recording task completion time. As a result, we found that the optimum combinations are: (i) Eyes + Mouth for grabbing / releasing; and (ii) Mouth for extending / contracting the arms (i.e. a along the forward axis). CCS Concepts • Computer systems organization → External interfaces for robotics; Real-time operating systems; • Software and its engineering → Virtual worlds training simulations;


This paper proposes an extension of the classical theory of normal prices to an n-commodity economy with exhaustible natural resources. The central idea is developed by two analytical steps. Firstly, it is assumed that a given flow of an exhaustible resource in short supply is combined with the coexistence of two methods of production using that resource. Sraffa's equations are reinterpreted by adopting the concept of effectual supply of natural resources and avoiding the assumption of perfect foresight. Secondly, in force of the Hotelling rule, some limitations are imposed to the dynamics of normal prices and, by implication, to technical and structural change. A comparison, between such approach and the notion of intertemporal equilibrium with natural resources, introduces the central argument. The final part of the paper presents a critical assessment of recent works in this area. The conclusions are focused on methodological issues.


Let K be a p-adic field with p 6= 2 and F a Galois extension field of K of degree n. Then F can be viewed as a quadratic space over K under the quadratic form T(x) = trF|K(x) for x ∈ F. The invariants of this quadratic form dimension, determinant and Hasse invariant are given in the case when n is equal to 2,3 and 4.


Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to propose a gait analysis technique that aims to identify differences and similarities in gait performance between three different assistive devices (ADs). Design/methodology/approach – Two feature reduction techniques, linear principal component analysis (PCA) and nonlinear kernel-PCA (KPCA), are expanded to provide a comparison of the spatio-temporal, symmetrical indexes and postural control parameters among the three different ADs. Then, a multiclass support vector machine (MSVM) with different approaches is designed to evaluate the potential of PCA and KPCA to extract relevant gait features that can differentiate between ADs. Findings – Results demonstrated that symmetrical indexes and postural control parameters are better suited to provide useful information about the different gait patterns that total knee arthroplasty (TKA) patients present when walking with different ADs. The combination of KPCA and MSVM with discriminant functions (MSVM DF) resulted in a n...


Where roughness on underwater areas of the hull has increased during service, it has been found that re-blasting and fresh coatings will result in immediate and dramatic savings in fuel costs in the region of, say, 10%. It is possible to substantially maintain this saving for 10 years or more provided that damaged surfaces are prepared properly and application of coatings carried out efficiently. Correct selection of anti-corrosive systems for "making good" is vital. The effective thickness of antifouling coatings is discussed. Epigrip Epoxy Coal Tar Heavy Duty primers and Resistex Vinyl Modified Coal Tar provide the necessary base to which high-performance antifoulings can effectively adhere and provide long-term protection against corrosion. Order from BSRA as No. 54,801.


This article challenges local authorities, Primary Care Trusts and other funding bodies to reflect on the efficacy, and on the justice, of the way they allocate funds for individual care. It describes how greater cost effectiveness is being combined with better care in a number of authorities where a new approach is being piloted. The article follows up a contribution to the Special Issue of Journal of Integrated Care in December 2004 which focussed on user empowerment, and it aims to take thinking beyond the implementation of Direct Payments.


The role of the turbulence-intensity gradient upon the motion of a bubble is investigated. Isolated bubbles are put into a turbulence field, which is isotropic and decreases exponentially in intensity in the z-direction. Experiments are carried out under microgravity conditions, so that the buoyancy is negligible. Bubbles are observed to move in the z-direction. Their mean velocity is found to result from a balance between the mean-pressure gradient and the Reynolds-stress gradient.


Researches on artificial emotion which generates emotion artificially from various external excitations imitating human emotion has been initiated in recent years. But the conventional studies in which the emotion state is changed exponentially or linearly by external emotion excitation have a drawback that the variation of emotion state is changed rapidly and abruptly. In this paper, we propose an artificial emotion generation model which reflects not only strength and frequency of external emotion excitations but also period of it in the emotion state and represents the emotion state with a sigmoid curve w.r.t. time. And we propose an artificial emotion system which generates emotion at the situation of no external emotional excitations through recollection of past emotional excitations, and show its effectiveness through computer simulation results.


We present a revised method for simultaneous determination of the pattern speed (ΩP) and star formation timescale (tSF) of spiral galaxies, which is originally proposed in our previous work. As this method utilizes offsets between molecular and young-stellar arms, we refer to it as the "Offset Method." Details of the method, its application, and results for CO and Hα images of 13 nearby spiral galaxies are described here. CO data are from our observations with the Nobeyama Millimeter Array for two galaxies, and from the BIMA SONG for the rest. Out of 13 galaxies, we were able to derive ΩP and tSF for five galaxies. We categorize them as "C" galaxies as their offsets are clear. Our findings from these galaxies are as follows. (1) The corotation radius calculated by the derived ΩP is close to the edge of the CO data, and is about half of the optical radius for three galaxies. (2) The derived tSF is roughly consistent with the free-fall time of typical molecular clouds, which indicates that the gravitational instability is the dominant mechanism triggering star formation in spiral arms. (3) The tSF is found to be almost independent of the surface density of molecular gas, metallicity, or spiral arm strengths. The number of "C" galaxies and the quality of CO data, however, are not enough to confirm these relationships. We also find that two other galaxies show no offsets between CO and Hα, although their arms are clearly traced, and categorize them as "N" galaxies. The presence of a bar could account for this feature, since these two galaxies are both barred. With one galaxy excluded from our analysis due to its poor rotation curve, offsets of the remaining five galaxies are found to be ambiguous. Either their dependence on the rotational frequency cannot be explained by our picture, or the number or quality of data is not sufficient for the analysis. We categorize them as "A" galaxies. The possible reasons for this ambiguity are (1) the density wave is weaker, and/or (2) observational resolution and sensitivity are not enough to detect the spiral arms and their offsets clearly. The former is supported by our finding that the arm strengths of "A" galaxies are slightly weaker than that of "C" galaxies.


We consider singular nonlinear problems of the form $ - ({1 / p})(pu')' = f(u)$ on (0,1) with Dirichlet or mixed boundary conditions. The existence of a positive solution is obtained by first deriving a priori bounds in an appropriate weighted Sobolev norm, which in turn imply $L^\infty $ a priori bounds. We then apply known results concerning fixed points of mappings of a cone.


Abstract Microstructural evolution and compressive properties of two-phase Nb-Fe binary alloys based on the C14 Laves phase NbFe2 were characterized at both the hypo- and hypereutectic compositions. The experimental results indicated that the microstructures of the two alloys consisted of fully eutectics containing Fe and NbFe2 phases at the bottom of the ingots corresponding to the largest solidification rates. With the decrease of solidification rate, the microstructures developed into primary Fe (NbFe2) dendrites plus eutectics in the middle and top parts of the ingots. The microstructural evolutions along the axis of the ingots were analyzed by considering the competitive growth between the primary phase and eutectic as well as using microstructure selection models based on the maximum interface temperature criterion. Furthermore, the compressive properties of the two alloys were measured and the enhancements were explained in terms of the second Fe phase and halo toughening mechanisms.


Review(s) of: Health sciences librarianship, (Medical library association books [series]), edited by M. Sandra Wood, Rowman and Littlefield, 2014, 448 pp., 44.95 pounds (soft cover), ISBN 978-0-8108-8813-5.


element fields, then the characteristic classes can be expressed in terms of lower dimensional elements. In particular, if k = n, the Stiefel-Whitney classes are expressible as elementary symmetric functions of one dimensional classes and the Pontrjagin classes as elementary symmetric functions of the Bocksteins of these one dimensional classes. In ?3, we give necessary and sufficient conditions that an orientable four dimensional manifold have four independent line element fields. As an application, we give an example of a fourdimensional non-parallelizable orientable manifold with four independent line element fields. 1. The main theorems. Let 0(n) denote the orthogonal group of nXn matrices, SO(n) C 0(n) the special orthogonal group, and Q(n), SQ(n) the subgroups of diagonal matrices in 0(n), SO(n) respectively. Clearly Q(n) Z and SQ(n) : Z` For each integer k, 0 < k < n, we define a subgroup G(k) C 0(n) to consist


presented through a system of differential equations in partial derivatives of which the variable in time and space relationship between heat and mass transfer processes in the material and a drying agent is reflected. The aim of the research was to determine the dynamics of the interrelated fields of unsteady temperature and moisture content of the material and the drying agent on the basis of mathematical models of heat and mass transfer in the layer of particulate material in convective heat approach or heat retraction. The implementation of the mathematical model proposed in the standard mathematical set allows analyzing efficiency of machines and equipment for the convective heat treatment of particulate agricultural materials in a dense layer, according the determinant technological parameters and operating modes.


In Reply.— Another analysis by Schapira and Chudley 1 found nine (12.7%) of 71 patients receiving combination chemotherapy during the first trimester had children born with fetal malformations. I agree with Dr Savlov that this risk is not small, but it is "small" when compared with the incidence of malformations observed in animal studies, which at times exceeds 50%. Ideally, no patient should receive cancer chemotherapy drugs during the first trimester of pregnancy. When it has occurred, or when it is essential that such therapy is given, termination of pregnancy is offered. Our data were presented to give guidance in the management of patients who are reluctant to consider, or who refuse, termination of pregnancy.


The title complex, [Tb(C4H6NO3)3(H2O)3], was prepared by reacting terbium carbonate with N-acetylglycine in aqueous medium. The TbIII atom is coordinated by nine O atoms, six of them belonging to the three carboxylate groups of the ligands and three to the water molecules. The molecule lies on a threefold rotation axis.


Wool production and its components vary throughout the year due to combinations of many factors (Birrell 1981) including photoperiod, seasonal feed supply and management. This work aimed to investigate seasonal wool growth and liveweight patterns of sheep fed at pasture with or without a urea supplement block in Tasmania, and to relate these to fleece quality measurements. About 300 fine wool Merino wethers (age 10 months) were drafted at random into 2 treatment groups and offered either no supplement or a Rumevite urea-concentrate-mineral block ad libitu m for 2 years. A sample of 20 monitor animals from within each treatment group were weighed, and dyebands applied, every 2 months. At the July shearings, fleeces were weighed (year 2 only) and dyebands harvested for measurement of periodic wool growth. The wool from each group was baled separately, tested for core and staple measurements and auction price recorded. Despite an unplanned 14% difference in stocking rate in year 1, the liveweights (Table 1) were not different (P > 0.01). However, in the second year when stocking rates were equalised, the supplemented group was 15% heavier (P < 0.01) with 30% heavier greasy fleece weights (P < 0.01) than the unsupplemented group. Other fleece measurements are shown in Table 1. Differences in fibre diameter may have contributed to the price difference in year 2, but not year 1. The minimum wool growth rate and liveweight occurred around July during the period of lowest feed availability, as expected, regardless of supplementation.


The purpose of this study was to determine the use of Android-based Interactive EModules in teaching and learning strategy courses. This research uses a descriptive quantitative design method that is exploratory with a questionnaire as a research instrument. The sample used in this study was 100from the Department of History Education in 2017. Data collection techniques in the form of questionnaires using the Likert Scale. Based on the results of data, it can be concluded that the level of satisfaction in the condition of being very satisfied with a total of 65.38%, a condition of satisfaction 26%, a condition that is quite satisfied at 7.5% and 1.12% dissatisfaction conditions were assessed in 8 (eight) e-learning characteristics, namely Non-linearity, Self-Managing, Feedback Interactivity, MultimediaLearners style, Just in Time, Dynamic Updating, Easy Access and Collaborative Learning.


• The Conference opened on Wednesday, January 9, 1974, with"a presentation by Dr. Richard L. de C. H. Saunders (Research Professor, Instituto da Rocha Cabral, C. Bento da Rocha Cabral No. 14, Lisbon, Portugal), entitled "Anatomy of the Cerebral Microcirculation." Dr. Saunders used microangiography to study and make pictures of 30 to 70 n diameter blood vessels. He showed numerous pictures of the circulation to occipital cortex, temporal lobe, and some deeper structures. Following a presentation, "Autonomic Control of Cerebral Blood Flow," by Mr. A. Murray Harper (Reader in Surgical Physiology, Wellcome Surgical Research Institute, University of Glasgow, Garscube Estate, Bearsden Road, Glasgow, Scotland), discussion of the problems of control of cerebral blood flow was continued by Dr. Peritz Scheinberg (Professor of Neurology, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, Florida). No conclusion was reached concerning the relative importance of sympathetic nerve stimuli in the control of cerebral circulation in the


Oesophageal achalasia is a relatively rare disorder characterized by the absence of peristalsis along the oesophageal body and failure of the lower oesophageal sphincter (LOS) to relax; as a consequence the food bolus often gets stuck in the distal oesophagus and the patient experiences dysphagia. Other related symptoms are regurgitation and chest pain. Although the exact causes of achalasia are still not known [there are some suggestions to a possible autoimmune pathogenesis activated by herpes simplex viruses (1)], the medical community has long been aware of how to alleviate the related dysphagia even before fully understanding the pathophysiology of the disease.


stanf ord.edu/. We want SGP to be a hub for deep- time sedimen tary geochemical research, and researchers from diverse back -grounds, early- career researchers, and researchers working or studying outside Europe and North America (where the bulk of SGP members reside) are especially invited to become involved. Echoing this final point, we reiterate that the SGP is a community-oriented research consortium, and we welcome suggestions on how to best move toward our shared goals.


A series of laboratory tests are conducted to study germination response of Kobresia setchwanensis to temperature and chemical drugs.The temperature range includes 5 constant temperature(5,10,15,20,25 ℃).The different concentration of three chemical drugs(NaOH、GA3 and CaCl2)are used to deel with the seeds of K.setchwanensis.The results show that the germination temperature range of K.setchwanensis is wide and range from 10 ℃ to 25 ℃,and higher temperature can promote germination on the other hand.At 20 ℃ and 25 ℃,the germination rate and germination index are higher than at lower temperature treatment,and the most suitable temperature is 20 ℃,at which the germination rate and germination index are 96% and 7.01.Under 10~25 ℃,three chemical drugs have significant effect on germination rate and germination index of K.setchwanensis(P0.05).The appropriate concentration of the three chemical drugs could promote the seed germination,but the seeds treated with proper concentration of NaOH are more effective than the others.The optimal concentration of NaOH is 20 g·L-1 under 15~25 ℃,and the most suitable concentration is 30 g·L-1 under 10 ℃.GA3 and CaCl2 have the different optimal concentration under 10~25 ℃.


This study focused on Jargon used by Police in Namo Rambe Police Quarter. The objectives of this study were to find out kinds of jargon used in Namo Rambe Police Quarter, to describe the meaning of jargon related to denotative and connotative meaning, and to find out the reasons of policemen using jargon in their communications. The data were limited on Jargon used in Namo Rambe Police Quarter. This study was conducted by using descriptive qualitative method. The data were taken from the conversations of policemen in Namo Rambe Police Quarter and gathered descriptively. The findings of this study show that kinds of jargon used in Namo Rambe Police Quarter classified into three categories, namely sandi huruf (Letter Codes), sandi angka (Number Codes), and Sandi Pangkat Kesatuan (Corps Position Codes). There are 49 words that are considered as jargon in Namo Rambe Police Quarter. 13 (26,53%) has denotative meaning and 5 words (10,20%) has connotative meaning. Furthermore, there are 31 words as jargon (63,27%) that can not be analyzed semantically whether they have denotative or connotative meaning. The reasons of policemen using jargon in their communications in order to keep the secret and the identity of them, to keep communication short and concise, and to make easier in delivering informations.


We propose a general test for exogeneity that is robust against distributional misspecification. The test can also be used to identify other types of misspecifications, such as the presence of a random coefficient. The idea is to sort the data with respect to a variable (a sorting score) and then split the sample into two parts. Using a Chow test, it can then be tested whether estimated parameters in the two sub-samples are different. We give conditions under which it is possible to test for exogeneity by using the (supposedly) endogenous variable as a sorting score. The resulting test does not need instrumental variables. Evidence from a Monte Carlo study and an empirical application suggets that the test can be useful for practitioners.


This paper discusses the need for training standards in the area of aerospace fiber optics and the current role of the Society of Automotive Engineers and Electronics Technicians Association in aerospace fiber optic training standardization.


The "labyrinthine" relationship between religion and state in Israel, "founded as a home for the Jewish people, in which freedom of religious worship and conscience would be guaranteed to members of all faiths", is authoritatively described in the Initial and First Periodic Report on the implementation of the 1966 International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, submitted in 1998 by Israel to the United Nations Human Rights Committee. To understand the system that developed in Israel, it is indispensable to examine the regime established during the Ottoman period and under the British Mandate. The 1993 Fundamental Agreement Between the Holy See and the State of Israel, that led to diplomatic relations between both parties, is discussed in the chapter. The relationship between the State and religious communities must be seen in the light of the place of Jewish religion in the State, an outcome of the mainly secular Zionist movement.Keywords: Israel; Jewish people; religious communities


Anesthetic management of parturients with kyphoscoliosis for cesarean section is associated with potential maternal and fetal risks due to alterations in maternal physiology and pathological changes seen in scoliosis. Spinal deformities cause difficulties in both general and regional anesthesia. As scoliosis is associated with restrictive lung disease and hypoxemia which can lead to cardiovascular depression, general anesthesia seems to be more risky. This puts the importance of a successful regional anesthesia forth. We describe in this report the successful spinal anesthetic management of a parturient with idiopathic thoracolumbar kyphoscoliosis for repeated cesarean section.


An action-research case study is presented detailing the evolutionary changes in the implementation of the problem-based learning (PBL) method in an undergraduate concrete construction course. The case study incorporates the perspective of the course instructor as action-researcher and reviews the quantitative and qualitative student impact data. PBL was first implemented in this course in 2011 as a student centered active learning pedagogy. The first implementation adopted a minimalist approach owing to the issues typically associated with PBL adoption such as increased instructor effort and student resistance to a new learning paradigm. Through 2012 and 2013, the action researcher continued to adopt and increase the scope of the PBL application. In 2013, the course moved from a summer offering to a spring offering. This change proved to be very positive for both instructor and students alike. Most significantly, the change in schedule permitted a longer time span in which the PBL activities were more effectively implemented compared to the short, fast paced summer offering. The evolution in the adaptation of PBL pedagogy and the key components for success in the implementation of PBL in the engineering and engineering technology classroom will be presented. In addition, a discussion of the assessment methods that also underwent an evolution in scope and detail will be presented. The paper concludes with recommendations for further research.


This paper put forward a fault recognition method for BLDCM based on improved unsupervised learning support vector machines-1-DISVM.Some simulation experiments were carried out around inverter system′s single switch tube broken,Hall position sensor′s wire broken,stator winding broken.The signals of the sampled bus current during the experiments were analyzed with FFT and then taken as the inputs for the classification algorithm′s training and fault-recognition.By the comparison of the fault-recognition results between 1-DISVM and common unsupervised learning support vector machines-1-SVM,the result shows that 1-DISVM has higher precision in BLDCM′s fault recognition.


Due to the completion of the Three Gorges Dam and the limited geological environmental capacity, geological hazards occur frequently in the Three Gorges Reservoir region. Therefore, evaluating the stability of the riverbed and finding potential geological hazards become very meaningful. In this paper, Interferometrie SAR technology was used to monitor the ground deformation over selected areas, and radar scattering mechanisms were studied using full polarimetric parameters for landslide identification. The ground changes information is obtained in the part with high coherence. Meanwhile, it is seen in the result that the surface scattering power becomes predominant in most disaster areas compared to those in normal situations which can be used for disasters identification.


Small and rigid molecules are very suitable tools both for the characterization of the key enzyme in thyroid hormone (ITH) metabolism, the 5 '-iodothyronine-deiodinase (5'-ITHD) and for proving a new concept in the therapy for hyper-thyroxinaemia (i.e. modulation ofperipheral ITH metabolism). While screening many classes of inhibitory active substances, we have found that phenyipropane-derived secondary plant metabolites are excellent guides for the generation of potent enzyme inhibitors.


Background: This study aimed to
determine the impact of the percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) on
myocardial function assessed by tissue Doppler echocardiography. Methods: Conventional
two-dimensional echocardiography and Myocardial tissue peak
velocities were recorded at the lateral, ant.septal, post.septal, posterior,
ant. and inferior angles of the mitral annulus as well as at the lateral
tricuspid annulus by pulsed-wave tissue Doppler echocardiography before PCI, as
well as 1 day and 6 weeks after intervention. Results: Fifty consecutive
patients with chronic stable angina and preserved
systolic left ventricular function (mean age, 58.3 ± 6.594 years; 32 men)
undergoing PCI were studied. Conventional echocardiographic revealed no
statistically significant difference between pre- and post-PCI (1 day after PCI
and 6 weeks after PCI) as regarding trans-mitral and trans-tricuspid
flow velocities except as regarding LVEDD, LVESD and LVEF which showed a
significant improvement post-PCI. Compared with pre-interventional values,
systolic peak velocity and early diastolic velocities improved at all sites (P
≤ 0.05 for each). The most pronounced improvement occurred in the septal
area. Similarly, late diastolic velocities improved at all sites (P ≤ 0.05 for each) except
at post Wall A'. Also, there was a significant improvement of E'DT & E'/A'
ratio after PCI (P value is significant 0.05 for each). There were significant reductions in IVRT, IVCT & MPI
after PCI (P value is significant Conclusions: Tissue Doppler parameters of diastolic and systolic function improve
early after successful PCI, and this effect persists to 6 weeks after the
intervention that emphasizes its value in the improvement of regional and
global LV functions and myocardial contractility.


Cysteine cathepsins are important proteases that play important roles in physiological and pathological processes and have the potential to be a candidate target for disease diagnosis and treatment. Among the...


The atomic redistribution and the structural change have been determined in an amorphous Fe-Ti alloy submitted to Xe + bombardment. It is shown that the region of peak damage becomes enriched with Ti whereas the subsurface region is Ti depleted and partially recrystallizedat the fluence of 1.8×10 16 Xe + cm -2 . The consequences of this phenomenon of radiation-induced segregation on our understanding of the diffusion mechanisms in metallic glasses are discussed


We demonstrate by numerical simulations and experiments that the unmagnetized ion beam formed in a Hall thruster can be controlled by an applied magnetic field in a manner that reduces by 2–3 orders of magnitude deleterious ion bombardment of the containing walls. The suppression of wall erosion in Hall thrusters to such low levels has remained elusive for decades.


Based on a research on the three athletes ranking as the top three in the men's 400 m sprint in the previous Olympic Games,the whole development process of men's 400 m sprint is separated into four different historical periods to make a deep analysis on two key factors i. e. absolute speed and speed endurance which influence the competition performance in the men's400m sprint. The result of the study shows that the general competition results develop in a rising tendency,having experienced four stages including stages of high- speed development,low- speed development,followed by another round of high-speed development and low- speed development. And the next stage will be a period of rising with high speed. The absolute speed will develop in a rising tendency generally which is of similar development cycle with the competition results in the men's 400 m sprint. However,the speed endurance will rise in a comparatively slow tendency and develop in a different cycle. Absolute speed is the leading factor for the development of men's 400 m sprint in the Olympic Games and it has a great influence on the development tendency of the first three periods. Yet in the period of 1988 to 2008,speed endurance has changed into the leading factor. As men's 400 m sprint will develop in to a new cycle which is focused on speed endurance,more emphasis should be paid on the training of athletes' speed endurance.


The increase in release of toxic heavy metals into natural water attracts much attention due to its devastating effect on ecology and human health. The design and implementation of green electrode materials is pivotal for improving the electrochemical performance of in situ heavy metal monitoring. This work reviews various novel electrode materials and hybrid materials that improve electrochemical detection. Modified green and novel electrode materials offer better performance due to their improved deposition with wide linear and enhanced response under optimized sensing parameters. In particular, recent works related to gold, carbon materials, bismuth, and metal oxide‐based electrodes are reviewed. The environmentally friendly ("green") characteristics, as well as their versatility and flexibility, are especially emphasized. In addition, synthesis methods and novel designs of electrode integration are highlighted. Most of the substantial achievements as well as breakthroughs in recent years are surveyed, and the challenges and prospective in this field are also identified.


Results: The five clustered themes that emerged from the interviews included: 1. Products and technology discusses the benefits and drawbacks of using advanced technology to promote independence 2. Physical environment "The streets are like an obstacle course" 3. Support and relationships refers to the assistance that blind people receive from family, friends, and society 4. Attitudes includes family and social attitudes toward blind people 5. Services and policies social security, supportive acts, economic factors, educational problems and providing services.


Drinking plays a role in the social activities of University of Virginia (UVA) students, including the annual Foxfield Horse Races. However, no data gauge the levels of binge, or high-risk, drinking at Foxfield. A Web-based survey has been developed to begin to measure the drinking norms at Foxfield with the hopes of using the data to create a safer environment at future events. Using a limited sample of 78 students, the preliminary data show that students drink more at Foxfield than each day of a normal week. Students also report drinking more and longer at Foxfield than during Halloween and football games (events known to be large social events at UVA). 66% of respondents also reported at least one negative consequence as a result of another's drinking and 68% reported at least one negative consequence as a result of his own drinking. This work helps to lay the groundwork for a large sample data collection after the 2006 running of the Foxfield Races on April 29th


This article proposes procedures for assessing and controlling acquiescence in personality scales when acquiescence is related to the content that the scale intends to measure. Our proposal is comprehensive in that it can be applied to different item response formats fitted with response models that can be parameterized as factor-analytic models. In the calibration stage, our proposal makes joint use of a balanced scale and a set of markers for acquiescence, and consists of 2 sequential procedures: a direct semirestricted solution, and a restricted solution with minimal identification constraints. In the scoring stage, we discuss how the information given by the acquiescence–content relation can be used to obtain Bayes expected a posteriori scores. The robustness of the direct procedure is assessed both analytically and by simulation. A free, user-friendly program that implements the procedures proposed is made available. Practical issues of use and interpretation are discussed and illustrated with an empirical application.


The intestinal protozoan faunas of 11 social groups of Cercocebus albigena, 3 groups of Cercopithecus mitis, 3 groups of Cercopithecus ascanius, 2 groups of rain forest and 4 groups of savannah Papio anubis are documented. All individuals in a particular social group exhibit identical protozoan faunas. All social groups of each species, except the savannah P. anubis, exhibit intergroup differences in the composition of their protozoan faunas. The number of intestinal, protozoan species in Cercocebus albigena social groups is a function of group size. The similarity between the protozoan faunas of different C. albigena groups is related to the density of social groups and types of land tenure in particular localities. Past social history of C. albigena groups may have some influence on the level of similarity of different groups' faunas. Entrance of a nongroup member into a group of Cercopithecus mitis resulted in an increase in the species richness of the group's protozoan fauna. Group fission may result in reduction of a group's protozoan species richness. All groups of savannah Papio anubis exhibit identical protozoan faunas. I argue that this is because savannah P. anubis has a higher rate of exchange of individuals between groups than has been recorded for the rain forest primates under consideration. I hypothesize that the differing rates of exchange are due to disease-related selection against traits which result in high rates of individual exchange among rain forest primate groups. Primate social groups are functionally biological islands; the species richness of their protozoan faunas changes according to group size and levels of protozoan migration between groups.


◦OH radicals photogenerated via hole trapping by water species adsorbed on terminal Ti atoms are widely considered as active species in primary, oxidizing photocatalytic reactions with TiO2 aqueous suspensions. On the basis of the electronic structure of surface-bound water obtained from electron photoemission spectroscopy techniques data reported in the literature, evidence is found that water species specifically adsorbed on terminal (surface) Ti atoms cannot be photooxidized under supra-band gap UV illumination (hν ≥ 3.0 eV). The existing controversy on whether photogenerated valence band free holes are trapped either at adsorbed water species to produce adsorbed ◦OH radicals or at terminal oxygen ions ( ) of the TiO2 surface to generate terminal radicals is therefore solved in favor of the second hypothesis. The frequently proposed photocatalytic oxidation mechanism involving the desorption of photogenerated ◦OH radicals should be refused because adsorbed water cannot be photooxidized. It is concluded...


This paper deals with robust dynamic security assessment for large interconnected power systems. Special interest is focused on the prediction of critical inter-area oscillatory modes of power systems based on neural networks. After selection of inputs for the neural network and proper training, the stability condition of the power system can be predicted with high accuracy. Hereby, the neural network outputs are assigned to activations of sampling points in the complex plain depending on the distances to the eigenvalues. This method depends highly on the reliability of the measured input data. Missing or bad input data will automatically lead to false prediction results. This paper proposes different methods, which improve the prediction robustness by detecting bad data inputs and outliers. In a second step, input signals identified as bad data inputs will be restored to their correct value


Since 2007, a joint scientific partnership has been established between the Italian Archaeological School in Athens, directed by Emanuele Greco, and the local Ephoria1, directed by Maria Bredaki (currently director of the Institute of Cretan Studies) in order to improve our understanding of the Phaistos settlement area. The objective was to draw up a land exploration plan based on surface surveys, archive research, analysis of archaeological materials, and geological-geomorphological and geophysical researches. The field work is was to be carried out by a team directed by Fausto Longo of the Salerno University. The final purpose is to investigate the history of the ancient landscape and environment of Phaistos since the beginning of human settlement in the area. To this end, over the years we have put together a team of specialists coming from different disciplines, and activated collaborations with other research organizations and institutions, including the University of Padua for topographic surveying, the University of Naples for geophysical investigations, and the CNRS, within the framework of the ANR DIKIDA research program directed by Daniela Novaro-Lefèvre, and with Matthieu Ghilardi supervising the palaeoenvironments task for the CEREGE team. The surface survey program encompasses an overall area of ca. 60-70 hectares around the hills of Phaistos. One of the main results achieved during the first years of work was the drawing up of a new, detailed archaeological map of the entire area of the Phaistos settlements and all the archaeological remains within this area. This map will be the fundamental starting point for future studies. The present essay provides some preliminary results of our integrated multidisciplinary studies. More specifically, we illustrate the application of palaeo-landscape archaeology and geomorphological and archaeo-stratigraphical methods to the detection of changes that occurred in the Messara plain, and especially in the Phaistos area, from the Minoan age onward.


The utility model discloses an alternating-current variable-frequency control electric screw press, wherein the alternating-current variable-frequency control electric screw press comprises a frame, an alternating-current variable-frequency motor which is vertically installed on the frame, a flywheel driven by the alternating-current variable-frequency motor, a screw installed on the flywheel, a slider driven by a screw pair via the screw, a balancing cylinder installed on the frame and used for lifting the return stroke of the slider, a brake installed above the frame and used for braking the flywheel, and a material jacking machine installed on the bottom of the frame. The alternating-current variable-frequency control electric screw press has simple structure, less components, short transmission chain and high mechanical strength, is easy to manufacture, convenient to maintain, low is cost and simple to operate, causes small abrasion to the components, has high overload capability, operates stably, has high moulding precision and high unbalanced load resistance, is safe and reliable, has long service life, saves energy and has high technical adaptability, so the alternating-current variable-frequency control electric screw press can be widely applied to the forging moulding industry.


The article deals with the generalization of the points of view of scientists on the essence of the notions "conflict", "pedagogical conflict" depending on their scientific approach for investigation. The integrative approach to the definition of these notions that unites into a single whole several other approaches (situational, personal, and motivational) was analyzed. Different approaches of scientists were examined as for the typology of conflicts. It has been estimated, that in the scope of pedagogy different classifications of conflicts are available where the content, importance, the sphere, duration of conflicts, direction, character of appearance, the structure of relationships, consequences, functions, socio-psychological effects, social results are taken into consideration. It is assumed, that the notion of pedagogical conflict includes different forms and methods of contradiction, tension in relations, explicit and hidden struggle. The functions of pedagogical conflicts in regulating interpersonal and intergroup relations were focused on (positive, negative); the reasons of pedagogical conflicts in high educational establishments (socio-economic, socio-psychological, psychological, organizational-pedagogical); the direction of the development of conflictological competence of a teacher (age and individual peculiarities of pupils, self-control of teacher's behavior, the knowledge of pupils' psychology and modern methods of teaching and upbringing of pupils).


Field and laboratory tests on the control described prove that the full-cycle discharge system produces welds which are metallurgically sound. Also this new discharge system increases the operating speed, aids in resetting the flux in the welding transformer, and reduces sparking at the electrodes to a point where the spark (if any) does not mark the material being welded. Speeds up to 200 spots per minute were obtained on a large press-type welding machine when using a 480-microfarad capacitor bank which was being charged to 2,500 volts. The following speed ratings have been applied to the control: Continuous Speed, Spots Per Min Maximum Speed, Spots Per Min Capacitance, μf Capacitor Volts 200. 480. 2,500 200.. 480. 2,500 60..... 2,640..... 2,800 25. 2,640. 2,800 The flux-resetting circuit eliminates the large reversing contactors which were formerly used to reverse the connections to the primary of the welding transformer between each weld. This helps to make possible the high operating speeds obtainable and reduces the maintenance cost on the control. The amount of iron used in the welding transformer can be reduced since greater flux changes can be obtained because of the flux bias produced by the flux-resetting current. The charge-control circuit controls the voltage to which the capacitor bank charges to any desired valve between 1,500 and 2,800 volts and regulates the voltage to within plus or minus two per cent of the desired value without undershooting or overshooting.


What kinds of cost management software are available? What does each package do? And what pitfalls must you avoid? The authors answer these important questions. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.


PURPOSE: A Xylogone ganodermophthora strain with an antifungal activity is provided to suppress plant pathogenic fungi growth. CONSTITUTION: A novel Xylogone ganodermophthora has an antifungal activity against plant pathogen. The plant pathogen is Phytophthora capsici, Sphaerotheca fusca, Colletotrichum acutatum, Rhizoctonia solani, Fusarium moniliforme, Sclerotinia cepivorum, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, or Didymella bryoniae. The plant is Cucurbitaceae. A composition for preventing plant diseases contains extract of Xylogone ganodermophthora culture liquid as an active ingredient.


A wave of financial irregularity in the USA in 2001--2 culminated in the Sarbanes--Oxley Act. A worldwide stockmarket bubble burst over this same period, with the actual market decline being proportionately more severe in Europe. Yet, no corresponding wave of financial scandals involving a similar level of companies occurred in Europe. Given the higher level of public and private enforcement in the USA for securities fraud, this contrast seems perplexing. This paper submits that different kinds of scandals characterize different systems of corporate governance. In particular, dispersed ownership systems of governance are prone to the forms of earnings management that erupted in the USA, but concentrated ownership systems are much less vulnerable. Instead, the characteristic scandal in such systems is the appropriation of private benefits of control. This paper suggests that this difference in the likely source of, and motive for, financial misconduct has implications both for the utility of gatekeepers as reputational intermediaries and for design of legal controls to protect public shareholders. The difficulty in achieving auditor independence in a corporation with a controlling shareholder may also imply that minority shareholders in concentrated ownership economies should directly select their own gatekeepers. Copyright 2005, Oxford University Press.


This paper describes the impact assessment of textile processing units on surface water quality of India. The study was carried out in major textile processing clusters by analysing the waste water discharges of selected processing units, to find out the effluent characteristics of such units and average effluent characteristics of the waste water produced by processing units in these clusters. The results were used to find out the addition of pollutants load by textile processing units, on source water used in processing. The contribution of various pollutants on total pollutants load was worked out and suitability of waste water for agriculture was also determined based on Chloride/TDS ratio.


This paper describes sustainable construction, including its characteristics, fundamental principles, and potential benefits. It also addresses the issue of where sustainable construction stands in terms of its introduction into mainstream use; how in particular, the Pacific Northwest is working to standardize the use of sustainable construction practices; and how lessons learned from existing buildings and demonstration projects are critical to bringing this about. The author discusses her firm's recommended approach to incorporating sustainable or environmentally preferred products and techniques, including those that reduce waste, conserve resources, improve indoor air quality, and are site-sensitive. She points out the progressive nature of the implementation of these environmental priorities. In addition, she provides information about specific demonstration projects with which she has been involved, in particular those where RCA has been used or recommended. Reasons as to why RCA is used and when are discussed. Successful project examples and specifications are also provided. For the covering abstract see ITRD E112391.


Foundation scholarship is scholarship whose fund comes from AMIK Tunas Bangsa Foundation and given for student achievement and poor, which aims to prevent collage drop outs for students. Foundation scholarship are given to students achievement and poor, but they dont get scholarship from any source. The criteria used in determining the foundation scholarship recipients are GPA, parents income and the number of dependents. The method applied in determining the foundation scholarship recipients is the MOORA (multi objective optimization on the basis of ratio analysis) method. The MOORA method will produce the exact ranked in determining the foundation scholarship recipients, simple calculation so it is easier to understand and use.


Background: Hospitals can be especially stressful for children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) due to the communication and social skills deficits, lower capacity to adapt to disruption, and sensory hypersensitivity that are typical of these patients. Purpose: This study investigated how health-care professionals (HPs) experienced the clinical care and management of children with ASD undergoing medical testing in a day hospital setting, and assessed the rate of successful completion of laboratory tests and instrumental examinations. Methods: A cross-sectional questionnaire was administered to 45 HPs, inquiring about their experience in obtaining blood and urine tests, ECG, audiometry, and EEG from children with ASD. The clinical sample included 153 consecutively referred children with ASD (74.5% males, mean age 5.6 years) undergoing a medical diagnostic work-up as part of their diagnostic evaluation. The success rate of completing the various assessments was examined. Results: HPs identified aggressive behavior and communication deficits as the major challenges when providing care to children with ASD. The parents were seen as an important resource for managing the children. The completion rate of the laboratory tests and instrumental examinations was high (between 88.5% and 98.4% according to the specific type of examination). The lowest non-completion rate was found for the EEG (12.5%). Conclusions: Despite considerable challenges being reported by HPs in managing children with ASD, the scheduled assessments could be completed in the large majority of cases. Targeted approaches to preventing aggressive behaviors and obviating the communication barriers in children with ASD undergoing hospital exams are warranted.


This article shows how journalists deploy membership categorization in managing conversational drama among ordinary individuals in live television discussion. The scripted agenda for the discussion is analyzed as an interactional project, being prosecuted by the hosting journalists. The case in focus is a Finnish discussion program broadcast six days after the 9/11 terrorist attacks in the USA in 2001. Five guests are invited to the studio and introduced to the audience. The membership categories that are activated at the beginning of each entrance are consequential to the way the interactional activities unfold in the rest of the discussion, leading from experiential entitlement to accountability and accusation. Introductory identifications are utilized in the question formulation to push moral accounts from the category members and to build an institutionally proper identity for the journalists. The collaboration in realizing the moral casting vividly illustrates the cultural power of the categorization device in action.


Background: The purpose of our study was to determine whether a smaller dose of rocuronium than previously reported could provide similar intubating conditions to suxamethonium during rapid‐sequence induction of anaesthesia in children.


Background— Heart failure patients with implantable cardioverter-defibrillators (ICDs) or an ICD for resynchronization therapy often visit the hospital for unscheduled examinations, placing a great burden on healthcare providers. We hypothesized that Internet-based remote interrogation systems could reduce emergency healthcare visits. Methods and Results— This multicenter randomized trial involving 200 patients compared remote monitoring with standard patient management consisting of scheduled visits and patient response to audible ICD alerts. The primary end point was the rate of emergency department or urgent in-office visits for heart failure, arrhythmias, or ICD-related events. Over 16 months, such visits were 35% less frequent in the remote arm (75 versus 117; incidence density, 0.59 versus 0.93 events per year; P=0.005). A 21% difference was observed in the rates of total healthcare visits for heart failure, arrhythmias, or ICD-related events (4.40 versus 5.74 events per year; P<0.001). The time from an ICD alert condition to review of the data was reduced from 24.8 days in the standard arm to 1.4 days in the remote arm (P<0.001). The patients' clinical status, as measured by the Clinical Composite Score, was similar in the 2 groups, whereas a more favorable change in quality of life (Minnesota Living With Heart Failure Questionnaire) was observed from the baseline to the 16th month in the remote arm (P=0.026). Conclusions— Remote monitoring reduces emergency department/urgent in-office visits and, in general, total healthcare use in patients with ICD or defibrillators for resynchronization therapy. Compared with standard follow-up through in-office visits and audible ICD alerts, remote monitoring results in increased efficiency for healthcare providers and improved quality of care for patients. Clinical Trial Registration— URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT00873899.


In this article we propose a basic set of concurrency abstractions for Concurrent Haskell based on our experiences with various applications. These abstractions serve as templates for patterns recurring in concurrent program development. Especially for threads depending on each other, high-level constructs allow monitoring of a set of child threads and taking actions in case a vital component terminates. The implementation utilises advanced features of the Glasgow Haskell compiler.


wonders if they have actually read Lotter's work. Probably wrong is their assertion that most family therapy is done using co-therapy methods. The authors seem unaware of D.J. West's work on delinquency and also of the prevalence figures for many disorders found in the Isle of Wight survey (3). I could not help wondering whether the omission of David Shaffer's work on the effects of brain damage in children which had been observed at craniotomy, Ian Berg's work on school refusal and the Milan group's approach to family therapy, were.intended omissions or just errors. While many parts of this book are not without interest, it cannot generally be recommended as a reliable source of information and indeed contains many errors offact, as well as the other lapses I have mentioned.


A scaling method is applied to the study of the characteristics of a laser resonator. Experimental tests performed on a Fabry-Perot resonator with plane square mirrors operating in the X band are described. Measurements of frequency and quality factors of the resonator modes along with field distributions are reported and the results discussed. Particularly the close correlation between mirror deformations and field patterns is shown.


The Prosopograhy of the Later Roman Empire, Volume l: The Era of A.H.M. Jones The Prosopographia Imperii Romani and Prosopographical Method The Prosopography of the Later Roman Empire (PLRE): Yesterday, Today and Tomorrow The Contribution of Prosopography: the Byzantium Empire, or Why Prosopography? A Question of Identity Exploring the Jungle: Hagiographical Literature Between Fact and Fiction The Contribution of Papyri to the Prosopography of the Ancient World: Evaluation and Prospects Seals and the Prosopography of the Byzantine Empire Orthodoxy and Heresy in the Seventh Century: Prosopographical Observations on Monotheletism Romans and Foreigners Official Power and Non-Official Power Medieval Prosopography and the Prosopography pf Anglo-Saxon England


Times have changed; they're looking for a mixture of muscularity and femininity and you have to be able to have both and these girls have a hard time figuring that out. Kate, interview transcript, 2002 Since the First Women's World Bodybuilding Championship in Los Angeles in 1979,i the relationship between femininity and muscularity has been the central problematic of the sport. Throughout the 1980s and 90s female bodybuilding flourished, as did the size of the athletes. Early pioneers such as Bev Francis, Lenda Murray, Carla Dunlap, and Cory Everson pushed female muscularity way beyond the sport's initial beauty pageant boundaries. However, these gains did not occur without growing moral panic-to the extent that gender-bending bodies are now being attributed to the "death of women's bodybuilding as a spectator sport" (Williams 2000:105). The most recent responses from bodybuilding gatekeepers to the increased muscularity of female competitors include the formalization of "femininity" as a judging criterion and the erasure of serious reporting on women's bodybuilding competitions in the bodybuilding media. Wayne DeMilla, vice president of the International Federation of Bodybuilding (IFBB), explained the factors that forced these developments to Iron Man magazine: We saw that as the physiques became more extreme, we couldn't market it. At the beginning of 2000, we sent out a criteria (sic) that the athletes had to come in with more of an emphasis on symmetry and muscularity and that the face would be judged. We also switched to weight divisions so that the smaller women wouldn't have to try and get big like the larger girls. The Sandwich 2001:12 DeMilla's explanation not only underscores the growing intolerance for female hypermuscularity and persistence of sexism within bodybuilding, but it also signals a much more widespread cultural abhorrence for female strength and muscularity. The decision by the IFBB to actively institute "femininity" as an official judging criterion, while masculinity remains implicit with muscularity in men's bodybuilding competition, mirrors shift within American politics toward an increasingly conservative ideology. These shifts can be understood as a response to the gains made by feminist and civil-rights movements over the past few decades. In this context, developments in the patriarchal institution of women's bodybuilding can be understood as part of a broader cultural effort to protect normative sex, gender, and heterosexual identity paradigms that the specters of hypermuscular female bodies attack. This essay examines the responses of some female bodybuilders to the current conservative shifts within their sport. I draw on data from my interviews with six competitive female bodybuilders conducted in Vancouver during the fall of 2002.ii Although bodybuilding is popular in other nations and continents, including Australia, China, Japan, and Europe, my focus in this essay is specifically on the original American institution of bodybuilding as it is enacted in the Canadian context. Known as the International Federation of Bodybuilding (IFBB), this institution acts as an international gatekeeper for the rules and regulations of men's and women's bodybuilding competitions. The most prestigious professional events are presided over by the IFBB and are held in the United States. Although different bodybuilding federations in other countries may diverge along some judging lines, they are all shaped by the rules and regulations set by the IFBB. Competitive bodybuilding in Canada is closely shaped by the IFBB and therefore provides a useful context to examine some of the most recent and significant developments in women's bodybuilding. My focus here is on two compelling themes that arose from my interviews: (1) constructions of the ideal female bodybuilder-how my participants negotiate gender, race, heterosexual, and class norms in their attitudes toward female muscularity and (2) performing normative femininity in bodybuilding competition-how my participants negotiate expectations to perform heterosexuality and middle-class femininity in bodybuilding competition. …


Basedonthestudyofthefender flap,part of car-body,the method of element finite analysis using Hyperworks is introduced. By means of the professional meshing software,Hypermesh,the CA-TIA model of the fender flap is imported and cleaned up geometrically. Taking shell as the basic element, the model is meshed. After that,the structural and modal analysis of the fender flap are taken ,using the OptiStruct solver of Hyperworks. Finally,as for the fact that some part are not hard enough,the advice of ading reinforced structure is provided.


This article presents the report on the COOMET supplementary comparison "Atmospheric air pollutants: CO in Nitrogen, 5 μmol/mol". Carbon monoxide (CO) is present in atmosphere due to different natural and anthropogenic sources. CO is a toxic gas and in concentrations higher than (3-5) μmol/mol it is hazardous to human health. Main text To reach the main text of this paper, click on Final Report. Note that this text is that which appears in Appendix B of the BIPM key comparison database kcdb.bipm.org/. The final report has been peer-reviewed and approved for publication by the CCQM, according to the provisions of the CIPM Mutual Recognition Arrangement (CIPM MRA).


described, but they fail to bring the reader sufficiently close to the experience of being 'talked out of alcoholism'. The Young Drinkers is an authoritative and scholarly treatise which pushes forward the frontiers of the sociological contribution to the study of drinking customs and behaviour amongst eighteento twenty-one-year-olds. The strength of this research lies in the breadth of its coverage. Joyce O'Connor, in her concern to identify the formative influences on drinking behaviour, examines an extensive range of sociological factors including ethnicity, sex, peer group influence and parental background. More importantly, she has also examined subtle and elusive influences such as the quality of family life and the young person's interpretation of his social and personal situation, so that one finishes the study with a heightened awareness of the multiplicity of factors shaping this behaviour. One reason why this study succeeds so well is contained in the research design. In order to examine the effects of ethnicity and culture O'Connor compares an English sample of young people with an Irish one, but the scope of her analysis is greatly extended by the simple yet ingenious device of including a third group made up of Anglo-Irish subjects. This strategy enables her to study the effect of cultural transition on drinking behaviour and attitudes. Since further material is obtained from the parents of those in the three groups, an additional perspective is gained of the changing customs and behaviours over time as well as by place, and this is deepened by a comparative historical overview of Irish and English drinking practices. All the material is finally synthesized in a model which separates out the major influences from the minor influences in the development of drinking behaviour amongst young people. Yet surprisingly the broad implications of this study have not been fully drawn out despite the sophisticated level of data-collecting and analysis. The publishers claim that the book will be 'an important stimulus' to parents, health educators, social workers and others, but it is possible that the general reader may at times become overwhelmed by the sheer wealth and complexity of material. This is a pity, since the information is too valuable to be confined to the specialist. What O'Connor's study suggests is that any national policy, however essential, will inevitably be a blunt instrument in its attempts to influence the enormous diversity of drinking patterns existing within our society.


A specific model of the earthquake nucleation that proceeds on a non-uniform fault is put forward to explain seismological data on the nucleation in terms of the underlying physics. The model is compatible with Gutenberg-Richter's similarity law for earthquake frequencymagnitude relation. A theoretical approach in the framework of fracture mechanics, based on a laboratory-based slip-dependent constitutive law, leads to the conclusion that the earthquake moment M0 scales with the third power of the critical slip displacement Dc and the critical size 2Lc (Lc, half-length) of the nucleation zone. This scaling relation quantitatively explains seismological data published, and it predicts that 2Lc is of the order of 10 km for earthquakes with M0 = 10 Nm, 1 km for earthquakes with M0 = 10 Nm, and 100 m for earthquakes with M0 = 10 Nm, under the assumption that the breakdown stress drop b = 10 MPa. However, Lc depends on not only Dc but also b, so that the scaling relation between Lc and Dc may be violated by b, because b potentially takes any value in a wide range from 1 to 10 MPa, depending on the seismogenic environment. The good agreement between the theoretical relation and observed results suggests that a large earthquake may result from the failure of a large patch of high rupture growth resistance, whereas a small earthquake may result from the breakdown of a small patch of high rupture growth resistance. The present result encourages one to pursue the prediction capability for large earthquakes.


The invention provides a high flow regime low temperature early-strength cement based grouting material comprising the following components by mass: 100 parts of sand, 60 to 70 parts of cement, 20 to 30 parts of a mineral admixture, 0.3 to 0.7 part of a water reducing agent, 1 to 3 parts of an expansive agent, 0.03 to 0.06 part of a water retaining agent, 0.1 to 0.3 parts of dispersible latex powder, 0.1 to 0.3 parts of a defoaming agent, 0.01 to 0.05 part of an early strength agent, 0.2 to 0.5 part of a retarder, and 0 to 0.2 part of high polymer synthetic fiber. The grouting material applied in low temperature construction conditions only needs routine maintenance and is in no need of auxiliary heat to reach the designed strength, not only saves the cost in manpower and material resources brought by winter construction measures, and but also provides more reliable quality guarantee for engineering construction. The grouting material initial fluidity is greater than or equal to 340mm in a construction environment at the temperature of 5 DEG C, the fluidity in 0.5h is loss-free, the fluidity in 1h is greater than or equal to 300mm, the grouting material is long in construction time; in 5 DEG C routine maintenance condition, the 1d compressive strength is more than or equal to 30MPa, and the 28d compressive strength is more than or equal to 70MPa. When the environmental temperature is dropped to minus temperature, the 1d compressive strength is decreased, and the final strength development is not affected.


In the article the problem of national security in the post-Soviet space. Examines various approaches to the definition of "security". Allocated economic security, as an element of national security. Dependences of economic security on various factors. Stands out the relationship of economic security and factors such as unemployment, public debt (% of GDP), the international credit ratings of the state, access to financial markets. Demonstrates the link between economic security and social tension in the state. It is shown that social inequality, stratification of society, leading to increased social tensions and instability of the social system. Suggests methods of increasing the level of economic security.


By VB secondary development in UG(Unigraphics ) environment, it develops CAM(computer aided manufacturing) on Bill of Materials (BOM) for chemical tower to improve data management. Numerical control(NC) machining is the critical component of CAM. Cutting speed v, feed f, and back engagement of the cutting edge ap are the most active factors in machining. So it is an important link to optimize the cutting parameters. These parameters can be optimized to mathematical description on NC. With the cutting edge ap, feed f, cutting speed v taken as independent variables, the multi-objective function can be relied on weighted sum approach to meet the highest production efficiency and the lowest production cost. It will be theoretically and practically beneficial to construct mathematical model of NC on BOM for chemical tower.


Much previous research has focussed on the role of food supply in determining the growth and the survival of avian offspring. More recently, acid deposition in some ecosystems has demonstrated that in addition to energy, birds also need to acquire sufficient nutrients such as calcium to be successful. Whether procurement of adequate levels of calcium can limit reproductive success in areas that have not been impacted by acid rain remains equivocal. We tested whether calcium affected reproductive success of tree swallows Tachycineta bicolor by feeding extra calcium to nestlings during the brood-rearing period. Our manipulation did not enhance the survival of offspring, however, provisioning of extra calcium resulted in nestlings showing enhanced rates of growth of mass (all nests) and of ninth primary flight feathers (nests with after-second year female parents), compared to control nestlings. Calcium supplementation also resulted in nestlings having longer feathers and tarsi at age 16 days, and there was evidence that some nestlings receiving extra calcium were heavier at 16 days old. As offspring that have faster growth, or that are in good condition at fledging, often survive better after leaving the nest, these results suggest that calcium availability can limit fitness. Our results are noteworthy because our experiment was conducted in an area with abundant soil calcium where acid deposition has not occurred. The role of calcium in limiting the reproductive performance of avian species may therefore be more pervasive than previously thought.


<Roaring currents> is basically based on a written history but <Gundo> is narrated for an unwritten history with imagination. This study explored whether viewers of tow films <Roaring currents> and <Gundo> regard them as a real story or an unreal story. Analysis of film contents and data from a nationwide online survey( N = 300) were executed. This study found the following. First, viewers consider <Roaring currents> a true story but <Gundo> a imaginary story. Second, viewers show different ideologial and emcotional evaluation, and strength of memory between two films. Finally, viewers are not likely to evaluate performative value of two history films, which suggest a pluralistic interpretation of history, as they regard the films as an imaginary story or a recreation


Preface Social Anxiety Disorder: General Aspects Epidemiology of Social Anxiety Disorder Scales for the Evaluation of Social Anxiety Disorder: History & Major Trends Self-Assessment of Functional Impairment by People with Social Anxiety Disorder Social Skills Inventory (SSI-Del-Prette): Characteristics & Studies in Brazil Social Anxiety Disorder & Social Skills Psychiatric Comorbidities in Social Anxiety Disorder Social Anxiety Disorder & Medical Conditions Children with Social Anxiety Disorder: Clinical Features, Epidemiology, Evaluation Tools & Therapeutic Approaches The Clinical Impact of Social Anxiety Disorder in Patients with Alcohol Dependence Neuroimaging in Social Anxiety Disorder Current Parameters Regarding the Pharmacological Treatment of Social Anxiety Disorder Cannabidiol in Social Anxiety Disorder Treatment Oxytocin & its Pro-Social Effects: Potential for Therapeutic Use in Social Anxiety Disorder Musical Performance Anxiety: An Overview of the Disorder & its Clinical Assessment Index.


The second-order sumand difference-frequency wave excitations and resonant responses of moored vessels and compliant offshore platforms are important design considerations when their natural frequencies are substantially above or below that of significant ocean wave energy. In this thesis, the complete deterministic and stochastic analyses of second-order wave forces on large bodies are presented. We study in Part One the second-order diffraction and radiation problem for vertical axisymmetric bodies in plane monochromatic and bichromatic waves. The second-order sumand difference-frequency potentials and local quantities such as pressures and run-up as well as wave excitations and body responses are obtained. A sequence of boundary integral equations involving freesurface ring sources of general order are formulated and solved for each Fourier mode of the second-order potential. The solution is expedited by analytic integration in the entire local-wave-free outer field of a requisite free-surface integral. The method is validated by extensive convergence tests and comparisons to available semi-analytic solutions. The complete wave excitation quadratic transfer functions (QTF) are computed for a number of different geometries and compared to those of various aproximation methods. In Part Two, the statistical properties of the sumand difference-frequency wave forces are studied using the complete QTF's and a two-term Volterra series model. In particular, the probability density functions (PDF) and spectra of the second-order excitations in unidirectional Gaussian seas are derived. Comparisons of the present PDF's to those calculated from approximated QTF's reveal that the extreme and rms second-order forces can be severely underestimated by existing approximation methods. Finally, the theory is extended to multidirectional random seas, where it is found that unidirectionality is not necessarily a conservative assumption when secondorder wave effects are included. -1-


Purpose: To describe clinical features and management of 4 patients suffering from unilateral superior oblique palsies due to MRI-documented trochlear nerve schwannomas. Methods: Chart reviews of 4 patients seen at the departments of ophthalmogy and neurology at the University of Mainz. Results: All four patients were male, aged 36 to 72 years at initial presentation. None suffered from neurofibromatosis. The history of double vision prior presentation was 9 months to 13 years, follow-up time was 9 to 156 months. Two patients didn't receive any intervention: one remained stable over the follow-up time of 9 months. In patient #2, fourth nerve palsy was diagnosed 13 years prior to confirmation of a trochlear schwannoma by high-resolution MRI. In the third patient disturbing diplopia and head tilt were sufficiently corrected by strabismus surgery (combined oblique muscle surgery). The fourth patient had received stereotactic radiotherapy of an 8 mm schwannoma. He remained unchanged in the orthoptic measurements for 3,5 years. None of these patients developed any additional symptoms or signs of further cranial nerve or central nervous system involvement. Conclusion: A trochlear nerve schwannoma is a possible cause of an isolated unilateral superior oblique palsy. MRI is a helpful tool for diagnosis and follow-up. Conservative management seems to be justified as patients can remain unchanged over years.


In-pipe mobile micromachines have many applications including micro maintenance robots for nuclear reactors and are expected to be realized in the near future. For practical micromachines, the authors have proposed the bellows microactuator using fluid power with high power density. In this paper, an inchworm type in-pipe mobile micromachine which is traversable branched pipes using the bellows microactuators is fabricated and the performance is examined. Firstly, performance of displacement magnification mechanisms significant for micromachines is theoretically investigated and the effectiveness of a pulley type mechanism is proved. Secondly, for structure of an in-pipe mobile micromachine, a bending and propelling mechanism with 1-bending DOF using pulley type mechanisms is proposed and the traveling sequence in branched pipes is theoretically investigated. Finally, an in-pipe mobile machine with 25mm in diameter is fabricated and the traveling experiments are conducted. It is clarified that the traveling velocity in a straight pipe is increased and the fabricated machine is able to traverse a Y-shaped pipe.


The present invention discloses an industrial robot arm controller based on a multi-bilayer of CPG, similar hierarchical neural network having a structure by using the motion control of invertebrate and vertebrate central nervous system ganglion movement, a plurality industrial manipulator control system with the characteristics of a single industrial robot arm combined with the collective and cooperative industrial robot arm having a multi-information interactive synergistic efficiency. A flexible joint and extensive sensor system, while increasing the industrial manipulator plurality of utilization information, achieve effective control of various multi-joint industrial robot arm, the system has high reliability and stability. In the industrial robot arm has sufficient power to ensure the performance and freedom, but also with our own athletic ability. Robot arm controller layers generated by the phase matching layer and a sport mode, the phase sequence of the phase matching layer to achieve various industrial robot arm for locking movement pattern for each layer industrial manipulator trajectory planning and attitude adjustment.