A simple, selective and sensitive first-order spectrophotometric method was used for the simultaneous
determination of Ba(II) and Pb(II) with triapine as chelating agent. When triapine reagent was mixed
with Ba(II) and Pb(II) solutions, it produces a light green colour in a basic medium. Maximum peaks
for both Ba(II) and Pb(II) were observed at pH 8.5 (basic buffer solution) between 350 and 395 nm.
Ba(II)-triapine has a molar absorbance of 5.276 × 106 L mol-1 cm-1 and a Sandell's sensitivity of
0.000189 g/cm2. Similarly, they are 9.421 × 105 L mol-1 cm-1 and 0.00106 g/cm2 for Pb(II)-triapine,
respectively. The stability constants of Ba(II)-triapine and Pb(II)-trapine complexes are 3.207 × 104
and 5.118 × 104, respectively. The effects of Ba(II)-triapine and Pb(II)-triapine concentrations on
amplitude were also studied. The detection and quantification limits for Ba(II)-triapine are 0.0882
g/mL and 0.746 g/mL, respectively. Similarly, detection and quantification values were 0.089 g/mL
and 0.745 g/mL for Pb(II)-triapine, respectively. The developed or proposed method was used to
examine biological samples of carrots, onions, beans, paints, milk powder and alloys. The sample
results were close to the certified reference values for the ICP-AES, FDA and AAS methods.


This paper presents model and application of product function matrix and its requests model. Model is implemented in developed computer Web application. With connections and winning parameters relation between Blower matrix and Diffuser matrix is presented and achieved. In this way it is possible to generate complete product function structure stored in matrix structure. When complete matrix and function structure is created, it is possible to generate physical (shape) product structure.


Foreign aid's effectiveness remains one of the most debated topics in development economics. This thesis investigates an important channel of the impact of aid on the recipient country's economy: the government's fiscal response to aid. Firstly, the impact of total aid, of onand off-budget aid, and of bilateral and multilateral aid on government expenditures and revenues is estimated. Secondly, this thesis explores instrumental variable methods that have been used to account for potential endogeneity of aid in these regressions. Thirdly, the causal links between government expenditures and on-budget aid are analyzed. Aid is found to partially increase government expenditures, which indicates that governments adjust domestic revenues or net borrowing in response to aid. This suggest that aid's impact on development indicators is a sum of increased spending, increased private consumption and savings, and potential improvements in the structure and quality of government expenditures due to donor involvement.


The development of new techniques for signal processing in the time-frequency (T-F) domain have allowed to use mathematical tools for analysis of partial discharges (DP). This paper presents a description of the local polynomial Fourier transform (LPFT) and its application in the analysis and characterization of DP impulses. For the case studies (single pulses and pulse sequences), analysis in the time domain, in the frequency domain and the T-F domain using LPFT are presented. Moreover, the results obtained with LPFT and STFT are compared. For analyzed DP signals is shown that the proposed signal processing technique (based on LPFT) reveals low and medium frequency components (from 200 Hz to 150 kHz) that are not detected using the STFT.


Introduction: Continuous epidural analgesia has proven to be a good tool in the anaesthetist's quest to provide excellent pain relief for an extended perioperative period. Pharmaceutical advances provide us with a larger array of both local anaesthetic (LA) drugs and additives that can prolong the duration or enhance the quality of analgesia, or both. The avoidance of LA toxicity is of paramount importance for safe prescription, especially in the high-risk neonatal and infant cohort, and all patients stand to benefit from 'safer' LA agents and adjuvants that promote the use of a lowered concentration of epidural LA infusions. We present a descriptive review of trends in epidural prescription and technique in our hospital. Methods: Our observational study was conducted over a period of 19 years in a tertiary paediatric teaching hospital. Prospectively collected data that included patient demographics, level of epidural catheter insertion, LA drugs and adjuvants used, as well as postoperative infusion rates, were then analysed retrospectively. Results: There was a decline in the use of paediatric epidural analgesia. Over the study period, we also observed a shift in preference of LAs and adjuvant drugs toward safer alternatives. Conclusion: Paediatric epidural analgesia is gradually being superseded by other analgesic modalities with superior safety profiles (e.g. peripheral neural blockade). However, indications remain for its continued use, and anaesthetists should be familiar with its technical aspects and pitfalls.


Fast, reliable, and efficient data transmission across wide-area networks is a predominant bottleneck for data-intensive cloud applications. This paper introduces OneDataShare, which is designed to eliminate the issues plaguing effective cloud-based data transfers of varying file sizes and across incompatible transfer end-points. The vision of OneDataShare is to achieve high-speed data communication, interoperability between multiple transfer protocols, and accurate estimation of delivery time for advance planning, thereby maximizing user-profit through improved and faster data analysis for business intelligence. The paper elaborates on the desirable features of OneDataShare as a cloud-hosted data transfer scheduling and optimization service, and how it is aligned with the vision of harnessing the power of the cloud and distributed computing. Experimental evaluation and comparison with existing real-life file transfer services show that the transfer throughout achieved by OneDataShare is 6.5 times greater.


Development of various antidepressants such as monoamine oxidase inhibitors, tricyclic antidepressants, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, serotonin norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors, and noradrenergic and specific serotonergic antidepressant has led to a tremendous progression of pharmaceutical treatment for depression, but still there are some limitations of current antidepressants, such as treatment-resistant depression and delayed onset of antidepressants. The pathogenesis of depression is unclear because depression is a heterogeneous disease state, and the mechanisms of antidepressants remain uncertain as well. Nevertheless, in an attempt to develop novel antidepressants, some trials have been conducted based on the potential biological mechanism discovered in the numerous research results. This review will provide information about the potential novel antidepressants and the current states of clinical studies using them. In particular, some potential novel antidepressants anti-inflammatory agents, antioxidants, anticholinergics, modulators of Hypothalamic Pituitary Adrenal Axis, glutamate, and opioid systems, as well as some neuropeptides such as susbstance P, neuropeptide Y, and galanin will be discussed.


The Indian health minister, Jagat Prakash Nadda, has formed a committee with officials from the ministries of health, civil aviation, and immigration to check that all airports in the country are adhering to guidelines on quarantining people with suspected Ebola virus disease. The committee will report to the government in a week.

A statement from the government said that Nadda emphasised …


The present invention is coated on each of the positive electrode active material in the positive electrode to that of the lithium secondary battery comprising the same and a lithium secondary battery positive electrode for the output improvement, and more particularly includes two or more positive electrode active material in the different surfaces of the current collector , it relates to a secondary battery including the same and a lithium secondary battery positive electrode to improve the power reduction caused by the mixture of the positive electrode active material. Lowering the electrical resistance of the anode to fix the output penalties due to the mixture of the positive electrode active material according to the present invention can provide a high and to indicate the output characteristic using a broad SOC region, and an anode capable of lithium secondary battery comprising the same.


This paper contains the information that describes the test procedure and technology of full-scale airframe static test for 4-seater canard airplane(the Firefly). From the results of the structural analysis, 5 design limit loads test conditions,5 design ultimate loads test conditions and 6 design ultimate loads local test conditions were selected. After test, Strain and deflection values were acquired through the data acquisition system(DAS) to verify the structural analysis results.


ing circuit for mixing a character image signal from tins decoder circuit with a TV image signal and displaying a character broadcast program on the screen in place of a TV program or overlaying a character broadcast program over a TV program, configured in such a way as to select between whether or not to display the aforesaid character image on the aforesaid screen based on a control signal and whether or not to make a copy of the aforesaid character image by the aforesaid copy device based on a control signal received from the aforesaid control decoder DETAlLEP DESCRIPTION OFTHE INVENTION In recent years, various types of TV multiplex broadcasting have been devised to effectively use broadcasting signals. One Such method devised for domestic use is TV multiplex character broadcasung, which makes it possible to display information programs such as weaker reports, stock markets, traffic information and price indexes on a TV receiver screen wiienever viewers wish to see these programs. One example of such a character broadcasting method comprises inserting a digital pattern signal into at least one horizontal segment of a vertical blanking interval in each field of a TV image signal, c.g, inserting a digital character pattern signal into the 20th horizontal segment (hereafter referred to as "2QH") and the 283rd horizontal segment (hereafter referred to as -283H") of each ftaroe, transmitting multiple programs by time-sharing with a 200 field


There are more and more Chinese private enterprises operating in Africa.Their development has a special significance to China and Sino-African relations.Because of their small scale and the family-operating mode,these enterprises have problems in management,human resources,inheritance,and finance affairs.And the special life and commercial settings in Africa have some negative influence to these enterprises.For these reasons,our government and government agents in Africa should provide help in publicizing,organizing and developing consultative and intermediary agents.


Objective To investigate the clinical value of spiral CT scanning in diagnosis of aortic dissection.Methods The characteristic features of spiral CT scanning in 26 cases of aortic dissection were retrospectively studied and analyzed.Results The images of 26 cases of aortic dissection showed double-lumen and teared intimal fragments of vessel.Among them,DeBackey Type I was seen in 9 cases,Type Ⅱ in 2 cases and Type Ⅲ in 15 cases.The main characteristic findings of CT scanning were true and false lumens with different density and separated intimal flaps and inward moved calcified intima,and the involved branch and scope of aorta can be observed.Conclusion SCTA and reconstruction of image can rapidly and accurately diagnose aortic dissection,and it may also provide objective evidence for clinical prompt diagnosis and treatment.


The results of estimation of agrobiodiversity of one fragment from the genetic resources with diverse level of seedlessness, accumulated in grapevine Genofond of PI SPIHFT are presented. Were establis the presence of a large range of characters favorable for inclusion of seedless genotypes in breeding programs: attractiveness and large size of bunch and berry; very early, early, medium and late time of full maturity of the berry; fertility, productivity. Some genotypes have superior quality traits to be presented to State Commission for Crop Variety Testing and recommended for industrial cultivation in Republic of Moldova (e.g. Otilia, Călina, XI-37-38, VIII-1-24).


Computer simulations of a flip‐flop circuit containing weak links (Josephson junctions) show that extremely small changes in the circuit inductance can lead to drastic differences in the circuit behavior. The effect, which is explained in terms of flux quantization, is not limited to small inductance loops, but is also observable in loops which can contain a large number of flux quanta. It is of importance in connection with the punch‐through phenomenon recently reported by Fulton and Dynes.


Birth control is the management of one or more actions, devices, or medications that follow a specific order to intentionally prevent or reduce the possibility of pregnancy. There are three main ways to prevent or terminate a pregnancy: contraception, contragestion, and chemical or surgical induction of abortion. In frequent use, the term "contraception" is also used for contraception and contragestion. Birth control is often used in family planning. A woman's health is sometimes a reason to think carefully about pregnancy.


The demand for low-cost integrated circuits for automotive applications is increasing, while their cost must remain low to keep the product competitive. In this scenario, a high-speed monolithic integrated circuit to control a load current is here proposed. It is composed by a level shifter and a gate driver for a high power switch in a DC-DC Buck converter to be realized in a low cost technology. For chip area reduction, an n-channel vertical power transistor is chosen as power transistor. High switching frequency (up to 1MHz) can be used to reduce external components size. The device is optimized to achieve 94.4% efficiency. Implementation concept, schematic and layout will be shown.


To provide a technique that facilitates estimating a frequency response of a wireless channel in the OFDM system. Method and system in a delay of one or more channel taps, and combining the signal information over a plurality of communication channels, makes it possible to determine the appropriate taps for the channel information. .FIELD 5


This paper analyses the impact of large capacity synchronous condenser (SC) on distance protection. A two-machine system model with SC is established in PSCAD, and numerous simulations in various conditions are carried out. The simulation results show that the installation of SC has adverse impacts on the measured impedance. Aiming at the problem that distance protection can not operate correctly, a new line protection scheme adapted to SC access is proposed. In this scheme, the fault distance is estimated based on two-terminal data and a new root identification method is employed. The new scheme can judge inner and outer faults correctly, and improve the reliability of line protection in the presence of large capacity SC.


points out that the 'political costs' of sharp reductions of the highest tariffs could be higher than the related efficiency gains from lowering protection. It also highlights how the limited WTO disciplines in export restrictions could impede world markets' functioning as reliable source of food supplies. Finally, the book takes the view that the long running of the Doha Round does not help the multilateral trading system adapt to the new realities. It identifies, amongst others, food and energy security, exchange rate management practices, and climate change as several critical trade-related matters that remain outside the Doha Agenda arguing that multilateral cooperation must be responsive to these current prominent issues. By striking a balance between the need for placing unavoidable technical material and making the content accessible to wider audience, the rich analysis presented in the book is likely to be a valuable source of reference to various stakeholders. If anything, some readers might long for an analysis of the effect on the negotiation of ever growing significance of several large developing countries in the global economy, which has coincided with the (lack of) progress of the Doha Round. Some discussion on the possible ways of operationalizing a waiver mechanism allowing WTO members to grant preferential treatment to service suppliers originating in LDC members would also have been very useful.


Endophytic microorganisms, usually fungi and bacteria, live in the interior of healthy plants without causing apparent damage to them. Endophytic fungi from Diaporthe (= Phomopsis) genus represent an important group with biotechnology potential and can be isolated of several medicinal plants, such as Trichilia elegans (Meliaceae family). This plant, popularly known in Brazil as "pau-de-ervilha", has anti-inflammatory, antiviral and anti-rheumatic activities. Some strains of the bacterium Escherichia coli, collectively called enteropathogenic E. coli, can cause diseases in humans. Considering that endophytic fungi constitute an alternative for the control of pathogens because they can synthesize bioactive natural products, this study aimed to evaluate the antibacterial activity of the crude ethyl acetate extract from endophytic fungus Diaporthe sp. (GenBank accession number GQ461588), isolated from T. elegans, against E. coli ATCC 25922. The results showed that Diaporthe sp. GQ461588 is promising for the production of compounds capable of inhibiting the growth of this bacterium, since inhibition halos with 13.98±0.39 mm of diameter were observed. This work suggests a possibility of one new antibacterial agent that can be investigated in further studies aiming its pharmaceutical use.


CO 2 enrichment (FACE). - Phyton (Horn, Austria) 45 (3); (243)-(256). Plants of Vitis vinifera (cv. Sangiovese) were submitted to elevated carbon dioxide concentrations in the field, using a FACE array; the experiment took place in a vineyard in Central Italy, throughout two growth seasons. The effects of fumigation on stem hydraulic properties and leaf water relations were evaluated. A significant decrease in stomatal conductance did not result in marked differences in leaf water potentials of FACE plants. Apparently, embolism formation showed to increase and hydraulic sufficiency to decrease after two years of exposure to elevated CO 2 . The allometric relationships between stem hydraulic conductivity, leaf area and stem cross-sectional area of xylem imply a physiological origin, though being unclearly affected by elevated CO 2 . The effect of elevated CO 2 on water relations and hydraulic parameters of Sangiovese grapevine displayed variation reliant on fumigation time-span. Under these experimental conditions, changes in hydraulic properties in FACE plants did not provide a direct explanation for variations in leaf water relations in comparison with controls.


SUBTITLE: LONG-RANGE PLANNERS HOPE TO CUT DOWN ON TRUCK TRAFFIC BY BUILDING GUTERVERKEHRSZENTREN, OR FREIGHT CONSOLIDATION CENTERS, ON THE OUTSKIRTS OF 30 MAJOR INDUSTRIAL CITIES.


Abstract. IEOP is a simple technique which has been shown to be readily applicable to the detection of IgG antibodies to vaccinia antigen(s) which may be found in the sera of selected donors. It is suggested that the use of IEOP for screening purposes may improve the availability of plasma suitable for preparing anti‐vaccinia immune globulin.


Is interdisciplinary research possible? Over the past decade three UK research councils, the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC), the Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) and the Economic and Social Research Council (ESRC), have collectively put over £30 million into a key interdisciplinary research site – the 'sustainable city'. This paper examines how the Research Councils framed the problem of the sustainable city and, in so doing, put interdisciplinarity into practice. In each case, the Councils recognised that the problems of the sustainable city transcended conventional disciplinary boundaries but the collective outcome of their research has remained resolutely disciplinary in focus, something that has been particularly frustrating for policymakers and other potential users. The tension between recognising the complexity of the research problem and formulating realistic research questions is most apparent in the research programmes through which Research Council mapped the original interdisciplinary problem on to the more narrow set of disciplinary paradigms they represent. Thus EPSRC sees the 'sustainable city' mainly in terms of technological systems and fixes; NERC sees it in terms of the flows and stocks of natural resources; ESRC sees it a distinctive form of social organisation. Unfortunately, in setting the problem up in this way, what was originally a complex combination of science AND technology AND society has been reduced to science OR technology OR society. In other words, to the extent that interdisciplinary research occurred, then it was within research councils not between research councils. The critical question is whether this outcome could or should have been avoided. As Science and Technology Studies (STS) shows, moving between scientific disciplines, particularly non-cognate ones, raises problems of incommensurability in both language and purpose. Yet interdisciplinarity requires this and more. The perspectives are supposed to add up the single, integrated view that policy-makers and other users can use to inform decisions and take action. Given what we now know about the risk and uncertainty within even the narrow boundaries of disciplinary science, this paper argues that seeking certainty in interdisciplinarity is to search for the Holy Grail. Policy-makers and others will need to find other ways to act.


Beef Quality Assurance THE BEEF INDUSTRY'S Beef Quality Assurance (BQA) program was created in 1987 to assist beef producers with raising, feeding, and harvesting high-quality beef. The BQA program provides a set of management guidelines for beef producers to ensure the quality and safety of beef for consumers. Through the use of scientific research and educational initiatives, the BQA program has identified production practices producers can implement each day. The ultimate goal of these BQA practices is to maximize consumer confidence.


Physical blends of poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) and poly(ethylene isophthalate) (PEI), abbreviated PET/PEI (80/20) blends, and of PET and a random poly(ethylene terephthalate-co-isophthalate) copolymer containing 40% ethylene isophthalate (PET60I40), abbreviated PET/PET60I40 (50/50) blends, were melt-mixed at 270°C for different reactive blending times to give a series of copolymers containing 20 mol % of ethylene isophthalic units with different degrees of randomness. 13C-NMR spectroscopy precisely determined the microstructure of the blends. The thermal and mechanical properties of the blends were evaluated by DSC and tensile assays, and the obtained results were compared with those obtained for PET and a statistically random PETI copolymer with the same composition. The microstructure of the blends gradually changed from a physical blend into a block copolymer, and finally into a random copolymer with the advance of transreaction time. The melting temperature and enthalpy of the blends decreased with the progress of melt-mixing. Isothermal crystallization studies carried out on molten samples revealed the same trend for the crystallization rate. The effect of reaction time on crystallizability was more pronounced in the case of the PET/PET60I40 (50/50) blends. The Young's modulus of the melt-mixed blends was comparable to that of PET, whereas the maximum tensile stress decreased with respect to that of PET. All blend samples showed a noticeable brittleness. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 90: 3076–3086, 2003


TYPE A QUESTIONS (SINGLE BEST ANSWER) b 1. A 50-year-old man is evaluated for progressive personality and behavioral changes over the past 10 months. He has become socially withdrawn, showing disinterest for his family and lack of empathy for others, and has developed perseverative and socially inappropriate behaviors. Over the past 4 months, he has developed difficulty swallowing, dysarthria, and weakness of the limbs. On examination, he has no insight into his condition. He has reduced attention span and tendency to verbal and motor perseveration. Visuospatial, language, and memory functions are relatively preserved. He has a flaccid dysarthria; tongue atrophy and fasciculations; and mild weakness, atrophy, and fasciculations in proximal upper and lower extremity muscles. This disorder has been associated with a mutation affecting which of the following proteins?


Abstract Splenosis is a benign and rare condition that is usually caused by trauma or splenectomy or other procedures involving splenic tissue. The patient is usually asymptomatic and often diagnosed incidentally especially when presents as intrahepatic lesion, can be misdiagnosed as neoplasm. Here, we present case report of a 56-year-old male patient, who was incidentally detected to have focal liver lesion on routine ultrasound check up. He was further evaluated with computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and the lesion was indistinguishable from neoplastic lesions and misdiagnosed to be hepatic adenoma. Retrospectively analyzing, the patient had history of splenectomy following road traffic accident 10 years before the present presentation. Following laparotomy, the liver lesion was resected and histopathology confirmed the diagnosis of hepatic splenosis. In this case report and review, we present the diagnostic features and the criteria that help in the diagnosis of splenosis which is a great mimicker.


Pneumomediastinum is an uncommon cause of respiratory distress in term infants. It could be due to many risk factors; vigorous resuscitation, pneumonia, mechanical ventilation or meconium aspiration syndrome. We present a case of spontaneous pneumomediastinum in a term baby with no identified risk factor.


Plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) are being used in today's smart grid with high penetration. In addition to their main transportation duty, they can be used as a reliable source of energy for the grid at the time of high demand and save money for their owners. Because PHEVs are able to quickly respond to systems need, they can be used for applications such as reserve and frequency regulations. This paper presents a cost optimization study on the effect of PHEVs presence in the reserve and frequency regulations in power grids.


Today the business is growing rapidly minimarket with the development of socioeconomic conditions of society, and changes in value systems that result in changes to the pattern of life and needs of the community. In meeting the needs and desires, people tend to prefer a wide range of modern facilities expenditures. Thus increasing the number of modern minimarket store increasingly cornered the existence of traditional retail stores are stand-alone and based on social economy. This study aimed to analyze the changes in turnover and market traditional retail stores before and after the modern mini-market retail in the vicinity. To achieve these objectives, conducted survey research approach, this study uses primary and secondary data by distributing interviews and questionnaires to 40 respondents traditional retail store owners in the district of Kuningan which is selected by probability sampling. Descriptive qualitative were used to analyse this study. Based on the survey results revealed that there are significant differences between turnover and market traditional retail stores before and after the modern minimarket in the vicinity. This shows that the presence of modern retail stores provide a decrease in turnover and customers impact for traditional retail stores. But the research also shows that traditional retail stores that improve the quality of services and facilities are not affected by the presence of modern retail stores in the vicinity.


DON artificial antigen was prepared with DCC Method in this paper.Liquid chromatography-Mass spectrometry(LC/MS) and ELISA were used to monitor the process for controlling the reaction during the preparation.The optimal conditions for preparation were established in this study.The DON artificial antigen was obtained with the molar ratio of 9.7:1 when thesubstances were derivatized and coupled for 20 h as the initial molar ratio of DON to BSA was 50∶1.


This study was carried out to investigate the surface soil organic carbon fractions affecting by different land use types, including needle-leaf forest (FN), broad-leaf forest (FB), pasture, annual upland cropping land (upland), and paddy rice land (paddy). We chose seven regions across Korean inland, considering sea level altitude, and measured soil organic carbon content and physico-chemical properties such as bulk density at a depth of 0~15 cm using core samples in April for the each land use type. In addition, labile organic carbon fractions in soil including light fraction and hot water extractable carbon were investigated. From this study, organic carbon storage (Mg C per ha) in the upper 15-cm soils was highest in FB (37.8), and decreased in the order of pasture (29.1), FN (28.8), paddy (21.9), and upland crop (19.9). In forest, more than 20% of soil organic carbon existed as light fraction, the free organic matter. Hot-water extractable carbon contents of soils in five land use types were lower than 7% of their soil organic carbon content.


This data set maps and describes the geology of the Big Bear City 7.5' quadrangle, San Bernardino County, California. Created using Environmental Systems Research Institute's ARC/INFO software, the data base consists of the following items: (1) a rock-unit coverage and attribute tables (polygon and arc) containing geologic contacts, units and rock-unit labels as annotation which are also included in a separate annotation coverage, bbc_anno (2) a point coverage containing structural point data and (3) a coverage containing fold axes. In addition, the data set includes the following graphic and text products: (1) A PostScript graphic plot-file containing the geologic map, topography, cultural data, a Correlation of Map Units (CMU) diagram, a Description of Map Units (DMU), an index map, a regional geologic and structure map, and an explanation for point and line symbols; (2) PDF files of the Readme (including the metadata file as an appendix), and a screen graphic of the plot produced by the PostScript plot file. The geologic map describes a geologically complex area on the north side of the San Bernardino Mountains. Bedrock units in the Big Bear City quadrangle are dominated by (1) large Cretaceous granitic bodies ranging in composition from monzogranite to gabbro, (2) metamorphosed sedimentary rocks ranging in age from late Paleozoic to late Proterozoic, and (3) Middle Proterozoic gneiss. These rocks are complexly deformed by normal, reverse, and thrust faults, and in places are tightly folded. The geologic map database contains original U.S. Geological Survey data generated by detailed field observation and by interpretation of aerial photographs. The map data was compiled on base-stable cronoflex copies of the Big Bear City 7.5' topographic map, transferred to a scribe-guide and subsequently digitized. Lines, points, and polygons were edited at the USGS using standard ARC/INFO commands. Digitizing and editing artifacts significant enough to display at a scale of 1:24,000 were corrected. Within the database, geologic contacts are represented as lines (arcs), geologic units as polygons, and site-specific data as points. Polygon, arc, and point attribute tables (.pat, .aat, and .pat, respectively) uniquely identify each geologic datum.


Radar composite images of the German Weather Service's (DWD) radar network are used to investigate the spatial and temporal structure of convective rain areas in postfrontal situations. Thirty-nine days were selected and the respective postfrontal convective rain fields were analysed based on over 3000 radar images, yielding altogether approximately 140000 individual rain areas. Basic parameters of the latter within the convective area such as number of rain areas, occupied area and number of reflectivity peaks contained within one single rain area were determined. Then their diurnal variation and spatial distribution within Germany were investigated. The study focuses on single cells (rain areas with one reflectivity peak) and clusters (rain areas with two or more reflectivity peaks), with the latter being defined as consisting of several interconnected convection cells. Number and area of rain areas follow the expected, typical convective diurnal cycle with a maximum around noon. The number ratio of single cells and clusters, however, remains almost constant over the day. This surprising result may be explained as an equilibrium state between growing single cells, the development of single cells into clusters and decaying of single cells and clusters. Similar results are found for the area covered by single cells or clusters. While single cells dominate in terms of number, clusters provide most of the precipitating area. Single convective cells and small clusters preferably occur over mountain ranges but also along the North Sea coast. Large clusters with more than 9 reflectivity maxima are almost exclusively found along the North Sea coast in an area of about 200 km width.


This article considers the character of EU social policy and in particular the linkages between the EU's economic and social strategies. Arguably, the most recent enlargement of the EU represents a turning point for the future of EU social policy, though there is disagreement about its future if not so much about the causes of this crisis. The article concludes that the future political economy of EU social policy and indeed of the EU itself may be subject to fundamental changes.


A pilot program through the Maryland Department of Health has allowed dentists in the state to screen 22,000 Marylanders for hypertension, making the connection between oral and overall health.


595 Sir, Lymphoma is a neoplasm with clonal expansion of lymphoid cells that share the histologic pattern and immunohistochemistry (IHC) of their normal counterpart. They can arise in lymph nodes or in extranodal sites. There is a marked geographic variation in lymphoma. It is higher in the developed Western world and lower in Asia and Africa, except endemic Burkitt lymphoma and some T‐cell lymphomas.[1] A limited number of studies on non‐Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) have been carried out in Northeast India. The current study was carried out to diagnose cases of NHL using both morphology and IHC. A prospective study over a 18‐month duration was carried out from July 2016 to December 2017 to study the pattern and prevalence of lymphoma cases presenting to our tertiary care center.


Guide to Using This Book 1 Biopsy Collection:Why, When, Where and How Biopsy Sample Selection Why and When to Collect a Biopsy Sample Where to Collect a Biopsy Sample How to Collect a Biopsy Sample Biopsy Sample Fixation Standard Fixation Techniques Fixation for Suspected Immune Mediated Skin Diseases Fixation for Selected Tumor Studies or for Selected Infectious Agents Clinical History Sample Shipment Microscopic Interpretation of a Biopsy Sample Limitations of Dermatopathology Value of Referral to or Consultation with a Dermatology Specialist Ancillary Procedures to Facilitate Diagnosis Common Errors of Sample Collection and Submission 2 Clinical Lesion Definitions, Recommended Methods of Biopsy Sampling, and Representative Histologic Lesions 3 Histopathologic Responses of the Skin to Injury Histopathologic Responses of the Epidermis to Injury Histopathologic Responses of the Dermis and Vessels to Injury Histopathologic Responses of the Adnexa to Injury Histopathologic Responses the Panniculus (Subcutis) to Injury 4 Tumors and Tumor-like Masses of the Skin Tumors of the Skin Epidermis Adnexa Dermis, Vasculature, Nerve Tissue, Subcutis Bone Marrow Derived Cells Tumor-like Masses of the Skin Cysts Hamartomas Other Tumor-like Lesions 5 Laboratory Techniques for Tissue Processing and Staining Sample Arrival at the Laboratory Gross Evaluation and Trimming of Sample Sample and Request Review Sample Trimming Tissue Demineralization Tissue Processing and Histochemical Staining Techniques Immunostaining Techniques (Direct Immunohistochemistry and Immunofluorescence) for Autoimmune Skin Disease Immunohistochemical Staining Techniques for Tumor and Tumor-like Conditions Immunohistochemical Staining Techniques for Infectious Agents Other Techniques 6 Glossary 7 Differential Diagnosis of Clinical Lesions and Lesions in Selected Anatomic Locations Appendices A. Dermatopathology Submission Form B. Suppliers C. Case Review Recommended Readings Index


The primary purpose of this research paper is to understand the role of national cultural dimensions on e-learning practices in India. India is considered a major player in the world economy today. US multinationals are significantly increasing their presence in India and understanding local HRM practices will help global companies transition better. This conceptual paper uses the national cultural dimensions of the GLOBE project, which is identified as the most topical theoretical framework on culture. The national cultural scores are used to develop hypotheses for specific cultural dimensions. Examples from the literature are also used to strengthen the proposed hypotheses. This research proposes that national cultural dimensions of power distance, uncertainty-avoidance, in-group collectivism, and future-orientation influence e-learning practices. Future research can definitely empirically test the hypotheses proposed. This study provides e-learning strategies for multinationals while integrating two theoretical models. The suggested strategies can be implemented by multinationals in other countries with similar national cultural dimensions also. This research also proposes a theoretical e-learning model identifying the impact of national cultural dimensions on e-learning practices. This research also provides practitioners a strategic implications model that could be implemented for e-learning initiatives in multinationals.


The blood plasma of 10 healthy bullfrogs and of 15 healthy, adult dogs was analysed for lipids by oxidative micromethods. The lipid content of the blood plasma of bullfrogs was found to be low and of the order of that found previously in guinea-pigs with, in addition, the peculiar feature that no neutral fat was present. The lipid content of the blood plasma of the dog, on the other hand, was found to be high, higher even than is found in man. The lipid composition of blood plasma in bullfrogs and dogs was then compared with corresponding values previously determined by the author, using the same technique, in guinea-pigs, albino rats, rabbits, cows, cats, cockerels, and man. Data are also presented upon the concentration of lipids in the red blood cells of bullfrogs and these are compared with corresponding values previously found in rabbits, man, and guinea-pigs.


Steel structures are subject to deterioration processes such as fatigue crack growth or corrosion. The models describing these processes often contain major uncertainties, which can be reduced through inspections. By providing information on the actual state of the structure, inspections facilitate the purposeful application of repair actions. In doing so, inspections represent an effective risk mitigation measure, for existing structures often the only feasible one. Risk based inspection planning (RBI) provides the means for quantifying the effect of inspections on the risk and thus for identifying cost optimal inspection strategies. By combining the Bayesian decision analysis with structural reliability analysis, RBI uses the available probabilistic models of the deterioration processes and the inspection performances to present a consistent decision basis. Although the principles of RBI were formulated for fatigue deterioration in the early 1990s, its application has in the past been limited to relatively few industrial projects. The complexity of the approach, combined with the required numerical efforts, has hindered its implementation in an efficient software tool and thus its integration into the general asset integrity management procedures of the owners and operators of structures. These drawbacks have motivated the development of generic approaches to RBI. The main idea of the generic approaches is to perform the demanding probability calculations for generic representations of structural details. Based on these "generic inspection plans", the optimal inspection plans for a particular structure are obtained by means of an interpolation algorithm from simple indicators of the considered deterioration process. Because these indicators are obtained from standard design calculations and specifications, the application of RBI is greatly simplified once the generic inspection plans are calculated. In this work, the generic approaches to RBI are developed together with the tools required for their implementation in an industrial context. This includes a presentation of the general RBI methodology, a review of the probabilistic deterioration models for fatigue and corrosion of steel structures and the description of inspection performance models. Whereas most of these aspects are well established for fatigue subjected structures, new concepts are introduced for the treatment of corrosion deterioration. A framework for the generic modelling is developed and the application is demonstrated on two examples for fatigue and corrosion. Various aspects of the implementation are presented, including the development of a software tool. The generic approaches, due to their computational efficiency, facilitate the integral treatment of structural systems, as opposed to the traditional RBI approaches which focus on individual details. These "system effects" are investigated and it is demonstrated how the inspection efforts can be optimised for entire systems. Additionally a consistent framework is established for the determination of risk acceptance criteria related to inspection planning for structural systems. These system orientated developments ensure that the generic approaches to RBI, which have already demonstrated their efficiency in practical applications, are fully consistent with the objectives of the owners and operators of structures.


This article presents an application of servant leadership to respond to the global pandemic, COVID-19.  The application of servant leadership is applied to the telehealth environment and healthcare delivery.


Selective and multiple ion implantations directly into a semi-insulating GaAs substrate were utilized to fabricate planar integrated circuits with deep-depletion plasma-grown native oxide gate GaAs MOSFET's. 1.2-µm gate 27-stage enhancement/depletion (E/D) type ring oscillators, with the circuit optimized to reduce parasitic capacitance, were fabricated (using conventional photolithography) to assess the speed-power performance in digital applications. A minimum propagation delay of 72 ps with a power-delay product of 139 fJ was obtained, making these devices the fastest among current GaAs and Si logic fabricated by conventional photolithography. A minimum power-delay product of 36 fJ with a propagation delay of 157 ps was obtained. The power-delay product is comparable with that of 1.2-µm gate GaAs E-MESFET logic, and the speed is more than twice as great. This paper includes a comparison of the theoretical cut off frequency of MESFET and MOSFET logic devices operating in depletion mode. Results indicate that MOSFET logic has superior potential for high-speed operation.


This research presents the application of concept lattice to visualize temporal causality of changes in mental workload. A concept lattice in this paper projects potential causal factors of changes in workload from multimodal sensor data. The use of concept lattice in spatio-temporal data stream enabled us for visualization of changing potential causal factors in finite-length of time. We conducted an experiment to validate our method. Temporal situations of 6 subjects during a lesson of computer programming were evaluated to classify causal factors of changing mental workload. Large variations of mental workload during computer programming were mostly shown at the point the users faced a programming error or the point it was resolved.


The flow structure of the jet emanating from supersonic nozzle with different profiles at underexpanded condition were investigated systematically. Experiments were carried out on conical, bell and double parabolic nozzle at Nozzle Pressure Ratios (NPR) of 4.5, 5 and 5.5. For the sake of comparison, the divergent length was the same for all the nozzles. Numerical simulations were also conducted in a two dimensional computational domain taking a density-based solver with RANS equations and SST k-ω turbulence model. The experimental and numerical results matched well all NPRs. The shock cell length, potential core length and supersonic core length at different NPRs were determined from experiments and compared to numerical predictions. These values are also compared to the predicted values based on the equations previously developed by researchers. It is observed that there is not much influence in nozzle profiles in the shock cell length, potential core length and supersonic core length.


This study explores the possible bias of gender in the English language and was designed to replicate and extend Noll (1999). We assessed reaction times to lexical decision tasks (i.e., deciding whether a letter string forms a word) following sentences containing supposedly epicene (gender neutral) pronouns "he" and singular "they." We asked whether both feminine and masculine words would be equally accessible following sentences utilizing the epicene "he" and singular "they." Participants (N=208) were presented with a series of opinion statements and indicated whether they agreed or disagreed. At various points within the sentences, the participants completed the lexical decision task. We measured the amount of time it took to complete the lexical decision task following the pronoun. We found that participants respond faster to male gendered words paired with epicene "he" than female gendered words, also that singular "they" had similar reaction times. However, these results were not statistically significant. Future research should modify the research design, taking into account the limitations of our study. RUNNING HEAD: The Pronoun Problem 4 The Pronoun Problem: Possible Changes in the use of Epicene Pronouns Think of the statement, "A child must be scolded for doing something wrong, even if he may be too young to know better" (Noll, 1999). Did you picture a little boy being scolded by his parents or a little girl being scolded by hers? Now think of the statement, "A child must be scolded for doing something wrong, even if they may be too young to know better." Do you still picture the same child in this instance? Is it easier to imagine a little girl when the sentence contains "they" as opposed to "he?" These examples illustrate a phenomenon called "the pronoun problem." The problem is that the English language does not have a singular, gender neutral pronoun. That is, English lacks an epicene pronoun which is a pronoun that refers to both genders. The need for a gender neutral pronoun arose out of the women's liberation movement. Women demanded equal opportunities even in language. A generic person may be unconsciously thought of as male, even by females, and some people believe that the use of epicene "he" keeps adding to females' unequal opportunities. This study explored the possible effects on cognition of gender in the English language. It emphasizes the need for a singular, gender neutral pronoun and how singular "they" could possibly satisfy that need. The pronoun "he," as in the sentence, "The typical writer says that he will vote, but will he?" is supposed to be gender neutral, however it is not necessarily comprehended that way. People may read or hear "he" as a male themed word when it is intended as a neutral term or a term that has no reference to a specific person, male or female. This use of the pronoun "he," where the comprehension of the pronoun is in question, is part of the pronoun problem. It appears to be the case that English speakers have started to drift towards using singular "they" as a valid gender neutral pronoun. RUNNING HEAD: The Pronoun Problem 5 Gender neutral means that there is no male or female denotation to a word. In everyday use of the English language, the pronoun "they" is sometimes used in place of epicene "he" to refer to a subject, either male or female, even though it is technically ungrammatical. For example the sentence "A good student always does his homework" is replaced with "A good student always does their homework." Research shows that English speakers intend the pronoun "they" to be a gender neutral singular pronoun that can be used instead of epicene "he" (Fiske, 1985; MacKay, 1980; Miller & James, 2009; Noll, 1999; Moulton, Robinson, & Elias, 1978). In her dissertation, Noll (1999) used several opinion sentences containing a mixture of pronouns including epicene "he" and singular "they," as well as control sentences containing neither. She studied sentence comprehension with reaction time data from lexical decision making tasks. Lexical decision making is determining whether a string of letters is a word or not. For example "HOTEL" is presented or "HITEL" is presented. One string creates a word, one does not. When a string of letters spelling out gendered words is presented, data on the reaction times are collected. Of the strings of letters that are presented and create words, some are male gendered (e.g., king, brother) and others are female gendered (e.g., queen, sister). Noll's study showed that singular "they" was a better gender neutral pronoun than epicene "he" due to the more equal reaction times of male and female lexical decisions following a sentence using the epicene "they." For example, participants responded more quickly to "KING" than to "QUEEN" after a sentence containing "he", but comparably for those two words following a sentence with "they." The information processing theory applies here because it requires extra time to process female gendered words unless the sentence uses singular "they." The participants for Noll's study were a large group of college-aged students at the University of South Florida. RUNNING HEAD: The Pronoun Problem 6 Previous studies have also shown a lack of neutrality for epicene "he" like the results shown in Noll's (1999) dissertation. Fiske (1985) studied the gender comprehension of kindergarteners and first graders when presented with a story where the subject was "he/she," "he," or "they." The results showed that the first grade boys were more likely to choose a male subject when presented with any of the pronouns, while the rest of the groups seemed to rely on their own gender as an image for the person in the sentence. MacKay (1980) found that college students reading textbook paragraphs containing epicene "he" were more likely to comprehend the referents as male than when "he or she" was used in the paragraphs. Miller and James (2009) found that the use of epicene "he" decreased the thoughts of females although it was intended to be gender neutral. Moulton, Robison, and Elias (1978) found that epicene "he" used in neutral contexts made participants think of males first rather than both males and females. Given these findings, the purpose of the present study was to see whether these results still hold in 2011 and to test the prediction that epicene "he" is not a gender neutral pronoun whereas "they" is.


A device of sufficiently low density so that it could be ieft in the beam for continuous monitoring by the Cosmotron operators is described. The device is an 8-in.-diam. ionization chamber with Mylar walls. One wall is coated with Al and the other has a silk-screened silver mosaic of 64 spots. In the control room 64 bulbs are arranged in an array corresponding in position and size to the 64 spots of the chamber. Each time the beam passes through the chamber the appropriate bulbs light in the control room. The device is useful in locating the beam as it emerges from the Cosmotron and in monitoring the pencil beam. (A.C.)


PurposeThe study challenges the assumption of independence among Technological, Organizational and Environmental (TOE) factors and investigates the influence of TOE factors on Big Data Analytics (BDA) adoption among Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs). Top management support was proposed as a mediator between technological and organizational factors and BDA adoption. Furthermore, the moderating effect of environmental factors on the association between relative advantage, compatibility, competitiveness, organizational readiness and BDA adoption was evaluated.Design/methodology/approachData were collected from 171 SME manufacturing firms and analyzed using the partial least squares technique.FindingsThe findings confirmed the interrelationships among the TOE factors. The effects of compatibility, competitiveness and organizational readiness on BDA adoption were mediated by top management support. Furthermore, environmental factors moderate the influences of compatibility and organizational readiness on top management support.Originality/valueThe findings contribute to the TOE model by challenging the assumption of independence among TOE factors, and future studies should use this model with more caution and consider the potential relationships between TOE factors.


The Marriage Encounter movement's claim to be a communication intervention program is explored by comparing it to behavioral and family systems programs. Four differences are isolated and discussed. In addition, in the study reported here, two samples of couples actively involved in the movement were examined on perceptions of their relationship using the Relational Dimensions Instrument (Fitz-patrick, 1 984). Proportions of individual and couple types present in the movement were compared to proportions found in the general population. Those individuals (independents) who favored the ideology of uncertainty and change avoided becoming actively involved in the movement. Individuals (traditionals and separates) and couples (Traditionals and Separates) who supported a traditional ideology made up the majority of those actively involved. Included in this group were a high proportion of individuals who were emotionally divorced from their spouses. These results are discussed in terms of the communicative natu...


ABSTRACT This study is focused on Corporate Governance of China's State-Owned Enterprises (SOEs) in which research was studied on the role of State-Owned Enterprises (SOEs) under Corporate Governance of CCP (China Communist Party) organization that has been not studied a lot in previous research. As a result of the case study of Baosteel, though China's State-Owned Enterprises (SOEs) accommodated western corporate governance system, the CCP organization in the corporate has been carried out the role of internal control mechanism which complements weakness of governance structure, and is giving positive influence on governance structure of SOEs as a distinctive character of China's State-Owned Enterprises through performance of political core function. Key words: China's SOEs, Governance Structure, the CCP organization, internal control mechanism, Baosteel. Abbreviations: CCP, China Communist Party; SOEs, State-Owned Enterprises; COSO, Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Tread-way Commission; CICSC, China Internal Control Standards Committee; SASAC, State-owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission; PSC, Party Standing Committee; CPCC, China Party Central Committee; INTRODUCTION There is a common understanding that the economic development of China has been commenced since the Third Plenary session of the 11th Central Committee of the China Communist Party, and at the same time initiating open door policy from that time Chinese Government launched the first step of reformation targeting SOEs. The history of Chinese economic development acquires brilliant record of economic growth at this time, could be said fairly that it was the reforming history of China's SOEs. Before reform and opening-up policy was launched, all the corporations in China were owned by the Chinese government, for the reason that the productivity of SOEs was declined and the financial performance of the SOEs was in deficit in many years. Since 1978 Chinese government considered economic growth as the major issue to reflect the Advanced Socialist, and started process of structure renovation in versatile perspectives including ownership, management pattern, supervising and incentive mechanism of SOEs. Having proceeded reforming measure for SOEs for several times gradually for 30 years, and it looks China's SOEs have formed management structure as modern enterprise, but undeniably there is the fact that those are still behind management efficiency than western enterprise, and have many problems in ruling structure. Also because there is political peculiarity as socialist system, we could understand that China's SOEs has distinctive characteristics apparently different from the moment western countries accommodate the Capitalism. Due to these distinctive characteristics and because achievement and problems occurred in China's SOEs cannot be explained by theories of management formed based on western enterprise, so to explain the record and problems occurring from China's SOEs it is necessary to complement strategic management theories developed by other countries to adjust the Chinese situation. This study commenced by the analysis of reforming history of ruling structure of China's SOEs which tries to find discord with strategic management theories developed previously through the case study on the ruling structure of Chinese style SOEs. Especially it aims to examine the role of CCP organization which the portion is never been discussed in the existing study on the ruling structure of China's SOEs. The interesting thing is that China's SOEs didn't remove CCP organization already in the inside the corporation during in the process of accommodating the modern enterprise system, and enforced structure renovation by strengthening the systematic function of this part's role. Therefore, it needs to investigate not only the role play of CCP organization the characteristics of China's SOEs but also what sort of relationship CCP organization has with other organizations among the system, and what kind of influence it gives to achievement of the corporation, and it is assumed by this approach it will help to understand the characteristics of ruling structure of China's SOEs more clearly. …


The present invention discloses a mobile Internet keyword advertising method, part of the mobile Internet advertising, the telecommunication sector. This method is: 1) crawling product page content advertisers official website and ads related to the page content to be delivered, and deal with its word, get advertising keyword list; 2) on page content mobile terminal currently browsing segment words processing, keyword obtained current page, i.e., content keywords; 3) the obtained keyword and advertisement content keyword matching, the matching result as a potential advertisement keyword for the mobile terminal user; 4) the potential advertiser keywords in the keyword table with the user keyword matching, the matching result as a keyword advertising; 5) will generate a keyword advertising keyword advertising presentation display interface in the mobile terminal. The present invention improves CTR mobile Internet advertising through precise matching, reduce annoyance of the user's mobile advertising.


The standard equipment controller under development for the new FAIR accelerator facility is the Scalable Control Unit (SCU). It is designed to synchronize and control the actions of up to 12 purpose-built slave cards, connected in a proprietary crate by a parallel backplane. Inter-crate coordination and facility-wide synchronization are a core FAIR requirement and thus precise timing of SCU slave actions is of vital importance. The SCU consists primarily of two components, an x86 COM Express daughter board and a carrier board with an Altera Arria II GX FPGA, interconnected by PCI Express. The x86 receives configuration and set values with which it programs the real-time event-condition-action (ECA) unit in the FPGA. The ECA unit receives event messages via the timing network, which also synchronizes the clocks of all SCUs in the facility using White Rabbit. Matching events trigger actions on the SCU slave cards such as: ramping magnets, triggering kickers, etc. Timing requirements differ depending on the action taken. For softer real-time actions, an interrupt can be generated for complex processing on the x86. Alternatively, the FPGA can directly fire a pulse out a LEMO output or an immediate SCU bus operation. The delay and synchronization achievable in each case differs and this paper examines the timing performance of each to determine which approach is appropriate for the required actions.


Artificial intelligence (AI) is becoming increasingly pervasive in our everyday lives. There are consequently many common misconceptions about what AI is, what it is capable of, and how it works. Compounding the issue, opportunities to learn about AI are often limited to audiences who already have access to and knowledge about technology. Increasing access to AI in public spaces has the potential to broaden public AI literacy, and experiences involving co-creative (i.e. collaboratively creative) AI are particularly well-suited for engaging a broad range of participants. This paper explores how to design co-creative AI for public interaction spaces, drawing both on existing literature and our own experiences designing co-creative AI for public venues. It presents a set of design principles that can aid others in the development of co-creative AI for public spaces as well as guide future research agendas.


Governance is an issue often neglected by studies on clusters even though recent empirical studies point out the potential role of cluster governance in the creation and integration of innovation networks within cluster. However, no insight is provided as to how, concretely, cluster governance manages to sustain innovation. Drawing on the concept of institutional work, we develop an integrative framework of institutional practices that cluster governance can implement to create a specific environment conducive to institutional dynamics and enhanced collaboration for innovation. Three levers – political, normative and cognitive – and 8 sets of institutional innovation practices are suggested. We apply this conceptual grid to the comparative analysis of three French clusters of innovation: one technopole and two competitiveness clusters. The findings show that 1) the three cluster governances activate all institutional levers but with a high variation of intensity, and 2) this intensity differences match the innovative performance of the clusters.


Based on the design proposal of one deep foundation pit excavation project near Shanghai Subway Line No.7 in Baoqing Road,the dynamic effects of the deep excavation on the tunnel near existing underground railway are predicted by the numerical analysis with finite element software ABAQUS,and the numerial comparison and analysis are carried out for the protecting schemes of the subway.In order to prevent the excessive displacement from continuous wall excavation,the triaxial concrete-mixing pile will be used to strengthen the trench wall and the bottom of the excavation.After comparison,it is found that these strengthening measures can prevent the deformation of the adjacent-to-subway tunnel effectively,but the special attention is required to the choosing for optimized reinforcing strength.


This study evaluated the changes in the intrinsic magnetic resonance (MR) relaxation parameter values (T1; T2, proton density, magnetisation transfer and apparent diffusion coefficient) of the marmoset head, imaged before and after death. Knowing the absolute values of the MR parameters makes it possible to choose an imaging protocol for optimal structural differentiation. The changes between the ante-mortem and post-mortem MR parameters provide an insight into the changing biophysical microenvironment of the post-mortem brain, and allow some of the changes that occur in pathological conditions to be predicted. Diffusion-weighted MR imaging (MRI) was used to map quantitative apparent diffusion coefficient values, and to investigate diffusional anisotropy along the fibre tracts in pre-mortem and post-mortem brain tissue. A three-dimensional data set of the entire marmoset brain demonstrates the ability of three-dimensional MRI to differentiate internal brain structures. MRI is a non-invasive technique which, in principle, permits the same animal to be re-imaged serially and has the potential to probe in vivo brain structural and biophysical changes over an extended period of time. Serial imaging, where each animal acts as its own control, reduces the number of animals required to detect a significant change by minimising the effects of inter-subject variance. MRI therefore provides important scientific and ethical benefits.


We show that in each dimension 4n+3 , n⩾1 , there exist infinite sequences of closed smooth simply connected manifolds M of pairwise distinct homotopy type for which the moduli space of Riemannian metrics with nonnegative sectional curvature has infinitely many path components. Closed manifolds with these properties were known before only in dimension 7, and our result also holds for moduli spaces of Riemannian metrics with positive Ricci curvature. Moreover, in conjunction with work of Belegradek, Kwasik and Schultz, we obtain that for each such M the moduli space of complete nonnegative sectional curvature metrics on the open simply connected manifold M×R also has infinitely many path components.


a number of specific needs stemming from their social. psychological and physical environments. Thus, the uses and gratifications tradition has focused on the question of which media are used to obtain satisfaction for which needs by what groups of people. The basic framework for this study is taken from the work of Katz, Gurevitch and Haas, whose study of 1500 Israeli adults provided an extensive catalog of media-related gratification. 1


INTRODUCTION
Previous studies have shown an association between number of stroke admissions and outcomes. Small hospitals often support more remote areas and we studied national data to determine if an association exists between hospital remoteness and stroke care.

METHODS
Data from the Irish National Audit of Stroke (INAS) on average stroke admissions, adjusted mortality for Ischaemic stroke, thrombolysis rate and proportion with door to needle (DTN) ≤45 minutes were analyzed. Hospital remoteness was quantified by distance to the next hospital, nearest neuro-interventional centre and location within 10 km of the national motorway network.

RESULTS
Data for all 23 of 24 Stroke services were evaluated. Median number of strokes admitted per year was 186 (range 84 to 497). Nine hospitals (39%) admitted ≥200 stroke patients per year (mean 332). Average adjusted mortality (7.0 vs 7.3, p = 0.67 t-test), mean thrombolysis rate (12.1% vs. 9.2% p = 0.09) and mean proportion of patients treated ≤45 minutes (40.4% vs 31.3%, p = 0.2) did not differ significantly between higher and lower volume hospitalsHospitals close to the motorway network (n = 15) had a higher mean thrombolysis rate (11.9% vs 7.5% p = 0.01 t-test) and proportion door to needle ≤45 mins (43.7%-18.4% p < 0.001).Number of stroke admissions did not correlate with mortality (r = 0.06 p = 0.78), or door to needle (r = 0.12 p = 0.95) or thrombolysis rate (r = 0.35 p = 0.20). Distance to next hospital correlated strongly negatively with DTN (r=-0.47, p = 0.02) and thrombolysis rate (-0.43, p = 0.04).

CONCLUSION
Remoteness of hospitals is associated with worse measures of stroke outcome and management.


Industrial pollution has continued to be a major factor causing the degradation of the environment around us, affecting the quality of water we use, the air we breathe and the soil we live on. The pulp and paper industry is playing an important role in the economic development of the Indian subcontinent; however, this industry has been categorized among 17th most polluting industries. The pulp and paper mill discharges effluent with a higher biological oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), and recalcitrant organics with intense colour in the form of dissolved lignin and lignin-based compounds and absorbable organic halides (AOX). The colouring body present in the pulp and paper mill effluent is organic in nature and comprised of wood extractives, tannin, lignin and its degradation products formed by the action of chlorine on lignin. It is estimated that 100-120m3 of water is required to produce 1 ton of paper from wood and about 100m3 of waste water is discharged in the form of liquid effluent. One of the major problems is the persistent dark brown colour in the discharged effluent from effluent treatment plant of which the major contributors are lignin and its derivatives. The colour generated from a wood based paper mill normally is in the range of 1200-1500 PCU (Platinum cobalt unit). In view of the stringent legislation imposed by concerned authorities for discharge of effluent, Indian paper industry is making all efforts to reduce and recycle the maximum process water back to the system, so as to discharge minimum quantity of effluent into the recipient bodies. Among various approaches to overcome the problem of colour, bioremediation technique using identified micro-organisms for treatment of paper mill effluent having potential to reduce colour, lignin and other pollutants may prove an effective way to treat the discharged effluent and to make it suitable for recycling back to the process with minimum discharges with a possibility recycling about 50% of the process water back to the system using for the purpose of unbleached pulp washing and pulp dilution. The present paper basically highlights research work on isolation and screening of prominent bacteria having potential to reduce colour, lignin and other pollutants present in paper mill effluent and to develop microbial consortia having capability to treat the paper mill effluent and to achieve prescribed discharged norms in respect of colour and other presented parameters. Sixty eight bacterial colonies were isolated from the soil, sludge and effluent samples collected from wood based paper mill. Primary screening of selected bacterial strains for their lignolytic activity was done on medium supplemented with Gallic acid. Selected strains were acclimatized by sub-culturing on medium with increase in percentage of effluent in the medium. The outlet of primary clarifier (PC outlet) from Effluent treatment plant (ETP) of wood based paper mill was used for present study and decolourization efficiency of individual isolates and combination of isolates were evaluated at laboratory scale by shake flask method. Initially bioremediation experiments were carried out by twelve selected bacterial strains and analysed for various pollutional parameters of interest like colour, lignin, COD and BOD. Five bacterial strains were found to have better decolourization efficiency individually and selected for further study. Experiments were also carried out by inoculating different percentages of bacterial inoculums in wastewater in order to check the effect of concentration of inoculums on reduction of pollutional parameters. 15% bacterial concentration was found most effective for decolourization of effluent. Further bioremediation experiments were continued with consortia of bacterial stains. Combination of isolated bacterial strains showed higher reduction in colour of more than 50%, lignin around 45%, and COD, BOD of approximately 45-50%. Unsterilized conditions were chosen for bioremediation study of paper mill effluent i.e. favourable for further implementation at industrial scale. These results revealed that bacterial consortia proved to be more efficient for the treatment of pulp and paper industry effluent and may be implemented on pilot and mill scale. Keywords— Bioremediation, Lignolytic activity, Bacterial consortia, Effluent, Decolourization


This summary reviews the spring 2006 newsletter of the National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine (NCCAM; Volume 13, Number 1). It addresses several NCCAM-funded studies on complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) treatments for osteoarthritis, insulin resistance, enlargement of the prostate, chronic lower back pain, and age-related mental decline. This newsletter also discusses three new NCCAM publications that examine meditation, Reiki, and dandelions, as well as two new lectures on spirituality and integrative medicine. Finally, this issue introduces several new NCCAM fellows and members.


A rational perfect cuboid is a rectangular parallelepiped whose edges and face diagonals are given by rational numbers and whose space diagonal is equal to unity. It is described by a system of four quadratic equations with respect to six variables. The cuboid factor equations were derived from these four equations by symmetrization procedure. They constitute a system of eight polynomial equations. Recently two sets of formulas were derived providing two solutions for the cuboid factor equations. These two solutions are studied in the present paper. They are proved to coincide with each other up to a change of parameters in them.


It has been accomplished the development of a simple and rapid UVspectrophotometric method to estimate for the evaluation of Denaverine hydrochloride, which is used in the treatment of antispasmodic drug in Veterinary medicine. The present study describes the method developed a simple and reproducible. UV-Visible spectrophotometric method for the quantitative determination of Denaverine hydrochloride. A UV-Visible spectrophotometric method with 1cm quartz cells and distilled Methanol solvent was employed. The proposed method was successfully applied for the estimation of Denaverine hydrochloride in commercial pharmaceutical preparation with UV detection at 221 nm. It obey's Beer law in the concentration range of 3 to 15μg/mL having correlation coefficient of 0.9997, Percentage recovery (100.0%). In terms of linearity, precision, accuracy, recovery, limit of detection (LOD), and limit of quantitation (LOQ), the developed technique was within limit as per ICH guidelines.


Derek M Yuen aims to offer readers a fresh and comprehensive analysis of Sun Tzu's celebrated treatise The Art of War. Gavin E Hall recommends the book to those interested in strategic commentary.


Let f(z) := ∑n ν=0 aνz ν be a polynomial of degree n having no zeros in the open unit disc, and suppose that max|z|=1 |f(z)| = 1. How small canmax|z|=ρ |f(z)| be for any ρ ∈ [0 , 1)? This problem was considered and solved by Rivlin [4]. There are reasons to consider the same problem under the additional assumption that f ′(0) = 0. This was initiated by Govil [2] and followed up by the present author [3]. The exact answer is known when the degreen is even. Here, we make some observations about the case where n is odd.


The technique of calculation of durability of ship shaft with cracks, inclined to the shaft axis is examined. The information on kinetics of crack development in various materials and the technique of definition of stress intensity factor, the results of calculation of durability of the shaft with cracks, inclined to the shaft axis are presented.


Public health‐related crises have caused enormous negative impacts on health, economies, and even national security worldwide. Proper management contains many uncertainties and responding to process needs of collecting data from various sources and multidisciplinary fields. Therefore, all stakeholders must engage in effective multisectoral collaboration to conduct an efficient public health event. However, the stakeholders' perception of risk, as well as their needs, are not always the same. Barriers to multi‐sectoral collaboration exist and often prove challenging to bring stakeholders together to integrate them into the processes of health risk assessment and management. Effective risk communication aims to improve sharing of this information and efficacy of multi‐sectoral collaboration in managing a health crisis. Therefore, this can be an ideal tool for experts and the public to improve the management of public health events. Emergency risk communication, such as those involving infectious disease outbreaks, plays a vital role in public health practice.[1] Effective communication is often more important than procedures and diagnoses themselves in ensuring good quality care for patients from a preventive perspective.[1]


The aim of this study was to evaluate the reliability of Pterygium Redness Grading Software (PRGS) in describing clinic were recruited in this study. PRGS pterygium redness by analysing digital images of the pterygium and grading it on a continuous scale of 1 (minimum redness) to 3 (maximum redness). An ocular surface expert graded all 93 images in random order. The reliability of PRGS was determined by comparing pterygium redness measured using the software and by the expert. The mean PRGS and by the expert were 1.81 ± 0.58 and 1.73 ± 0.61, respectively (P = 0.396). A comparative analysis based on pterygium type showed an increase in redness according to pterygium type (Type I: 1.43 ± 0.32; Type II: 1.67 ± 0.55; and Type III: 2.31 1.78 ± 0.62; and Type III: 2.02 ± 0.66) (all P > 0.05). PRGS could describe and classify pterygia according to their redness, and PRGS PRGS can be used in addition to the existing pterygium grading system.


Summary
This paper provides length-weight relationships (LWRs) for three freshwater cyprinid fish species: Barbodes carnaticus (Jerdon, 1849), Hypselobarbus kolus (Sykes, 1839) and Tor khudree (Sykes, 1839) from the Chalakduy River in South Western Ghats of India. Fish samples were collected on a monthly basis between April 2011 to March 2012 using gill nets of different mesh sizes (3.5–10 cm). LWRs for these three species had not been previously reported in FishBase.


Hundreds of cement factories use online bulk material analyzers to improve their quality control for both raw material and kiln feed, and reduce their variability. The most used technology for online analysis is Prompt Gamma Neutron Activation Analysis (PGNAA), with Cf as the neutron source. A simulation study has been done to develop the setup geometry and investigate the possibility of using other kinds of neutron sources as an alternative option. Application of neutron generators and also (α,n) neutron sources in the PGNAA facility has been discussed. Keywords-Prompt Gamma Neutron Activation Analysis, PGNAA, Cement raw material, Neutron interaction, Thermal neutron, Neutron source spectrum, Cf, Am-Be, Neutron generator, D-D, D-T, NaI, Detector shield


On August 19, 2011, Japan's Ministry of Foreign Affairs released a statement in response to recent media coverage about the US military's use and storage of defoliants (including Agent Orange) on Okinawa during the Vietnam War. MOFA announced that, although it had requested the US Department of Defense to investigate these allegations, Washington had replied that it was unable to find any evidence from the period in question. As a result, Tokyo asked the US government to re-check its records in more detail. This was the first time that the Japanese government had asked the US about military defoliants since 2007 and its refusal to accept the Pentagon's stock denial was rare. The current announcement arose after two weeks of unprecedented press reports which alleged that these chemicals had been widely used on Okinawa during the 1960s and '70s.


UNSTRUCTURED
 This is a commentary of the article by Choudhury and Asan entitled, "Role of Artificial Intelligence in Patient Safety Outcomes: Systematic Literature Review".


Numerical simulation of the flow field in nozzle of the propulsion system on amphibious equipment is made by using turbulence model,O-Block structured meshes. The characteristics of the flow field in the nozzles are computed.The optimization scheme of jet nozzle structure is proposed by comparing with the computation results.Based on this,primary research has been done to provide bases for research on improving the efficiency of the propulsion system.


The wide diversity of studies carried out on transport phenomena in AgBr permits a critical evaluation of the success and failures of existing theories of ion kinetics and defect equilibrium. Some unsolved problems relating to polarization, microwave dielectric constant, creep, thermoelectric power, and their relation to mobility and density of defects are discussed.


This paper studies nonlinear optical properties of colloidal solutions obtained via pulsed laser ablation (PLA) of bulk targets of magnesium (Mg), bismuth (Bi), tin (Sn), and antimony (Sb) in water and ethanol. In this research Nd:YAG laser (1064 nm, 180 mJ, 7 ns, 20 Hz) was used as a radiation source. Nonlinear absorption and scattering of colloidal solutions were studied by direct nonlinear transmission (NLT) with power density in the range of 1-450 MW/cm2. Except for the solution obtained through the ablation of magnesium in water, all the samples exhibit a nonlinear decrease of transmission as a consequence of the increase of pumping power density. Along with this, the effect of nonlinear limitation of laser radiation depends on the type of particles and solvents.


A fully integrated class-F power amplifier (PA) with reconfigurable harmonic termination over a wide range of frequencies is presented. Reconfigurability is achieved by utilizing on-chip transformers as part of the output matching network. In addition, a stacked transistor architecture was used to boost the output power. The PA was fabricated in a 0.13- μm CMOS process and packaged in a 20-pin quad flat no-leads package. It was configured to operate at 700, 900, and 1200 MHz with a maximum measured saturated output power of +24.6 dBm with a power-added efficiency of 48.3%. The measured gain was 16.5 dB and was flat over the entire bandwidth. The total chip area, including pads, is 1.5 mm × 1.5 mm.


Three main problems in system development and the plight of the system development are analyzed and discussed. Finally a practical and formalized method-object-oriented method is proposed to extncate the system development from the predicament.


Dave Dittrich holds an appointment as an affiliate principal scientist with the Applied Physics Lab at the University of Washing-ton. He has studied distributed denial of service (DDoS) attack tools, botnets, host and network forensics, and the legal/ethical framework for responding to computer attack (the " Active Response Continuum ") for over a decade. email@example.com t h e r e I s I n c r e a s I n g ta l k o f c y b e r-warfare, where the computers of private citizens are the weapons being used. Out of a sense of frustration, some call for a right to self-defense and for going on the offensive against cyberattackers. Researchers today are regularly doing things that cause effects visible to others and publishing information under the banner of full disclosure without supporting their decisions through a systematic analysis of both the legal and the ethical issues involved. We are entering a dangerous time and have a lot to talk about and agree upon, lest someone with good intentions causes massive harm. The purpose of this article is twofold. First, I want to encourage the computer security community to discuss how ethics apply to responses to cybercon-flict. Second, I want those outside the computer security community to understand how much more damaging and serious the situation is becoming. Such an understanding is necessary to help get the policy and legal changes necessary to address to-day's increased threat landscape in ways that are acceptable to society. I use my own story here as a case study in how some of these issues are raised and how they can be addressed, centering on events that led to the first distributed denial of service (DDoS) attacks over a decade ago. Anyone reading my analysis of the trinoo distributed denial of service attack tool Trinoo daemons were originally found in binary form on a number of Solaris 2.x systems, which were identified as having been compromised by exploitation of buffer overrun bugs in the RPC services " statd " , " cmsd " and " ttdb-serverd ". These attacks are described in CERT Incident Note 99-04: The trinoo daemons were originally believed to be UDP based, access-restricted remote command shells, possibly used in conjunction with sniffers to automate recovering sniffer logs. During investigation of these intrusions, the installation of a trinoo network was caught in the act and the trinoo …


Immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) is a breakthrough form of cancer immunotherapy that employs antibody targeting of specific inhibitory receptors and ligands, such as cytotoxic T-lymphocyte associated antigen 4 (CTLA-4), programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1), and programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1). The major limitations of ICB are high cost, limited success rate (10-40%), and potential severe toxicity due to immune-related adverse effects (IRAEs), which resemble autoimmune disease. Predictive biomarkers of ICB are not currently widespread in clinical use, despite the growing need for a personalized approach to cancer treatment. Effective immunotherapy causes tumor cell death, which releases tumor-associated antigens (TAAs) into circulation. This results in abnormal presentation of these antigens to immune cells, which leads to B-cell autoantibody production against them. Autoantibodies are effective biomarkers of some autoimmune diseases and may be present before disease onset. We hypothesized that patients who develop immune-related toxicity from immunotherapy will produce specific autoantibodies that are indicative of an autoimmune-like response. Furthermore, we hypothesized that responders to pembrolizumab will develop high titers of serum autoantibodies against TAAs, indicative of a strong humoral immune response to TAAs released during immunotherapy. Likewise, nonresponders will have low levels of these autoantibodies, due to a weaker or nonexistent antitumor and humoral immune response. We used a novel immuno-mass spectrometry method to screen for autoantibodies in the sera of patients with various tumors treated with PD-1 inhibition in the clinical trial called INSPIRE (INvestigator-initiated Phase II Study of Pembrolizumab Immunological Response Evaluation; NCT02644369) at Princess Margaret Cancer Centre. Our methodology involves immunoprecipitation of proteome-wide target antigens of autoantibodies in patient sera with the use of protein G magnetic beads, followed by shotgun mass spectrometry analysis. We analyzed autoantibody responses in the sera before and after immunotherapy initiation in a total of 24 patients, subdivided into 4 patient groups based on their objective response and toxicity status. Candidate autoantibody target antigens, including thyroglobulin, thyroid peroxidase, and ficolin-2, were identified by our pilot study. Validation with additional datasets is planned. Furthermore, we identified PD-1 as an antibody target exclusively in the post-immunotherapy patient sera of all 4 patient groups. This finding confirms the efficacy of our method since pembrolizumab is a humanized antibody targeting PD-1. Predictive biomarkers of cancer immunotherapy will save significant resources, ensure proper patient selection for cancer treatment, and spare certain patients from the toxic effects of immunotherapy. This abstract is also being presented as Poster B05. Citation Format: Milena Music, Marco Iafolla, Antoninus Soosaipillai, Ihor Batruch, Ioannis Prassas, Lillian L. Siu, Eleftherios P. Diamandis. Immuno-mass spectrometric identification of serum biomarkers of response and toxicity to pembrolizumab [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy; 2018 Nov 27-30; Miami Beach, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Immunol Res 2020;8(4 Suppl):Abstract nr PR03.


The main part of this report describes the development history, structure and content of the BGS
National Geotechnical Properties Database, with a final section describing planned future
developments to enhance ease of access to, and promote wider use of, the database information
for a variety of applications.
The National Geotechnical Properties Database primarily holds geotechnical information
extracted from site investigation records provided by clients, consultants and contractors, and
from field and, secondarily, from laboratory test results carried out by the British Geological
Survey. Information held within the database includes locations to British National Grid
Coordinates; borehole, core and in situ test data; sample data; and a range of laboratory index,
mechanical properties and chemical test data on soils, rocks and water. The database tables and
fields are designed to be compatible with data supplied in the Association of Geotechnical and
Geoenvironmental Specialists (AGS) industry standard digital transfer format, enabling rapid
addition of data electronically, in addition to manual entry of analogue legacy data. This
information forms the basis for the geotechnical attribution of the 2D and 3D digital geological
models and underpins BGS core and commissioned engineering geology research. It also
provides an important information resource for external customers and internal/external
enquiries.
The role of Geotechnical Database Manager has been undertaken by Suzanne Self since 2000.


A multidisciplinary up-to-date survey of environmental planning, policies, and programs, emphasizing the implementation of the National Environmental Policy Act and federal legislation controlling air and water pollution. Designed for undergraduates in the social sciences, physical sciences, and engineering. Integrates environmental considerations in public sector planning and decision making relative to land use and infrastructure development.


The utility model relates to a boiler, an improve boiler of air feed promptly. A plurality of plenums of its air feed system are by many typhoons machine air feed. Adopt the independent fan system of independent plenum, a fan is joined in marriage to a plenum promptly to adjust simultaneously by converter and air door, just so can very make things convenient for ground to carry out the accurate control to wind pressure, the amount of wind of every plenum, guarantee that blue charcoal is in the best fired state all the time on the grate, not only improved the heat exchange efficiency of boiler but also improved the burn -off rate of blue charcoal. The conclusion of a large amount of experiments is to join in marriage independent fan through using independent plenum to by converter and throttle control, the burn -off rate of blue charcoal brings up to about 96% from about 90%, and the heat exchange efficiency of boiler brings up to about 84% from 79%. To the blue charcoal of present annual output above 100, 000, 000 tons, the burn -off rate improves 6%, means and practices thrift 6, 000, 000 tons of blue charcoals, along with the continuous development that subtracts the coal motion, the utilization meeting of blue charcoal constantly enlarges, and the energy -conserving effect of this kind also can constantly enlarge.


Shortly after Don Knuth announced TEX 3.0 I gave a paper analyzing TEX's abilities as a typesetting engine. The abstract back then said:


W HAT CAN ONE LEARN about democracy from the fifth and fourth century practice of and theory about Athenian democratic institutions? Joel Schwartz's review of my book Fear of Diversity: The Birth of Political Science in Ancient Greek Thought (1992) in the November 1994 Political Theory (vol. 22, pp. 685-8) implicitly raises this question. While the issue was at best subsidiary in a book that focused primarily on the ancient theorists' explorations of the political consequences of an epistemological search for an unseen, underlying unity, the question of how ancient democracy can help us understand the most common modern political regime is an important one and worthy of more consideration than I can offer in these brief comments on Schwartz's review of my book. Ours is a world in which democracies constantly have to address demands for unity, ethnic or otherwise, as well as demands for an openness to diverse populations. Our ability to accept "the other," to acknowledge difference at the same time that we recognize the need for a unity based on some set of similarities, is central to the preservation and successful functioning of democratic institutions. Schwartz reads the argument of my book as turning the "demos" into the "totalizing modernist," unable to accept the differences that derive from the particular bodies of individual members of the community, and as suggesting that the "aristoi become the champion of diversity" (1994, 686). The former point deserves primary consideration; the latter is simply a misreading of the argument, but in itself indicates the difficulties we often have with acknowledging the tensions within democratic regimes between a need for a unity based on identity of members as opposed to a unity that can incorporate and build from differences. To approach this as a conflict between aristocracy and democracy with all the normative baggage that accompanies those words is to ignore that those tensions plague democracies and is to limit the possibility


Prevention for infectious diseases is a major challenge in medicine world which focuses on diagnosis and management. While general internists and other medical practitioners handle the most contagious diseases, internists who practice medicine for infectious diseases are also called upon to help diagnose suspected infections and to help control complicated, rare, or complex infections. Infectious disease medicine requires thorough awareness of the incidence and clinical appearance of infectious, virus, fungal and parasitic infections in people, as well as knowledge of antimicrobial agents, antibiotic tolerance, vaccination, and other causes. Immunomodulatory Physicians are better qualified to cope with environmental, occupational and host conditions predisposing to infection, as well as fundamental concepts of epidemiology and dissemination, owing to their experience. For infectious disease practice, there are several distinct models. Any infectious disease doctors operate in a specialist clinic for infectious diseases or may separate their practice in infectious diseases through the practice of general internal medicine. Most doctors of infectious diseases serve as consultants to other doctors, see patients at their office or hospital in consultation, and can even longitudinally accompany patients with specific illnesses for continuing treatment. Many internists who practice infectious diseases operate in environments devoted to caring for diverse classes of patients who need specialized expertise and skills (such as wound care or HIV clinics). Most doctors operate as an infectious disease practice as a hospital, community epidemiologist, or professional in infection control. In academia, infectious disease doctors will offer ongoing outpatient and hospital consultation programmers, perform fundamental infectious disease scientific and clinical study, and teach medical students and tenants. Keyword: infectious diseases, ML-Algorithm, Probabilistic Fuzzy Logic, MATLAB, Python