Traffic prediction is a complex, nonlinear spatiotemporal modeling problem. Data-based methods have been widely applied to traffic information prediction because of their ability to model the complex, nonlinear spatiotemporal traffic dynamics. These abilities are based on statistical methods and machine learning methods to extract features from historical traffic information. Despite the success of these methods, the local-level representation in the data-based methods is clearly limited because it does not directly reflect the relationship between each historical data point in the input sequence and the predicted information. Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have also been widely applied in many other fields because of their feature extraction ability, which greatly enhances the learning ability of the standard, fully connected layers of neural networks by providing constraints in the task domain. Thus, we create a global-level representation to reflect the relationship between each historical traffic data point and the predicted information by using the proposed window that provides constraints in the task domain and exploits a max-pooled CNN to automatically extract global-level features for traffic information. To the best of our knowledge, our proposed method is the first example of using the new window to provide constraints in the task domain for CNNs. The proposed method is trained in an end-to-end way by the back-propagation approach in which the AdaGrad method is used to update the parameters of the proposed method. Based on the data set provided by Highways England, the experimental results show that the proposed method outperforms all baseline methods in terms of accuracy.


In this article, we investigate the potential enhancements in signal reliability which can be achieved using a millimeter-wave distributed antenna system (DAS) within an indoor environment. To achieve this, we measured the signal power simultaneously received at nine ceiling-mounted access point (AP) locations likely to be used in future indoor DAS deployments while a mobile user imitated making a voice call on a hypothetical user equipment. Key metrics, associated with the performance of multiple antenna systems, such as the cross correlation coefficient (CCC) and channel power imbalance (CPI) are determined. It was found that line-of-sight (LOS) and quasi-LOS (QLOS) links with the APs typically led to higher CCC values than the non-LOS (NLOS) cases. Similarly, LOS and QLOS links typically produced higher CPI values between APs than the NLOS case. To enable the reproduction of our results, we have successfully applied autoregressive moving average and autoregressive integrated moving average modeling to the CCC and CPI time series. The performance improvement that can be achieved using a DAS instead of a single AP was evaluated using three commonly deployed diversity combining schemes, namely, selection combining, equal gain combining, and maximal ratio combining along with three AP selection mechanisms, namely, per-sample random AP selection, one-shot AP selection, and per-sample optimal AP selection. Finally, we have provided some useful insight into the influence of differing AP numbers on the diversity gain when considering the aforementioned AP selection methods.


In the global navigation satellite systems (GNSS), the performance of GNSS is subject to various errors, such as ionosphere delay, receiver noise and multipath. Among all these errors, the ionosphere delay error and multipath error are commonly regarded as the most limiting factors. In theory, a dual-frequency receiver can eliminate the ionospheric effect. However, in reality, the tracking error has effects on the ionospheric delay correction. This effect has not been studied, especially in realistic channel scenarios. In this paper, the authors investigate the effect of tracking error, obtained from Galileo signal Simulink-based simulators with realistic channel models on the range estimation in dual frequency receivers and compare the performance of three dual frequency ionosphere delay correction methods, namely the least square (LS), constrained LS (CLS) and Bruce Force Constraint (BFC). The results showed that the BFC performed the best below a fairly high ionosphere delay error. The LS method was only affected by multipath error, but the effect was small. CLS performance was better than or equal to LS at the expense of increased complexity.


This thesis addresses the problem of efficiently representing large knowledge bases and performing a class of inferences extremely fast. The speed of reasoning depends on a number of factors including the expressiveness of the system, the nature of the computational architecture and the representation methodology. A number of knowledge representation and reasoning schemes have given very high emphasis to just one of such issues while neglecting others. This dissertation work is based on the belief that it is beneficial to take an approach where all such issues are simultaneously addressed.
With respect to the issue of computational architecture, it is argued that a connectionist architecture has some significant advantages. Having made that choice, we explore how to represent and reason with rules involving multi-place predicates and variables in a connectionist architecture. The main hurdle that needs to be crossed in order to be able to achieve this is the dynamic binding problem. In essence, the problem is that of representing the dynamic grouping of nodes located in different parts of the network. We use what we refer to as the synchronous activation approach to solve the binding problem. Simply stated, the idea is just that the dynamic grouping of a set of nodes is represented by the fact that all those nodes fire synchronously. This happens to be a solution that is technically attractive as well as biologically plausible.
Incorporating the synchronous activation approach to solve the binding problem, rule-based forward and backward reasoning systems have been designed to perform deductive inferences. These systems represent knowledge very efficiently: the number of nodes and links required is only linear in the size of the knowledge base. They also perform inferences extremely fast: an inference takes time that is just linear in the length of the shortest proof. We also examine various ways of extending the expressiveness and reasoning abilities of these systems.
An alternative representation scheme more amenable to learning is also presented along with a proposal for doing abductive reasoning in connectionist networks.


Data on the synthesis of symmetrical and unsymmetrical meso-phenyl-substituted porphyrins, which are building blocks for porphyrin-based polymers of different structure, are analyzed. Methods for the porphyrin ring construction and modification by active functional groups for further immobilization onto a polymer or preparation of porphyrin monomers are considered.


Some aspects of population dynamic and the stock status of Selene dorsalis were investigated in the coastal waters of Côte d'Ivoire from March 2016 to February 2018. For this purpose, 869 fish species were collected. The range length of collected species was 7.5cm to 30.3 cm. The asymptotic length (L∞) was 32.02 cm, with a growth rate (K) of 0.56 per year. The growth performance index (Φ′) was 2.76 per year with longevity of 5.35 year. The natural mortality rate (M) was estimated at 1.16 year-1 and lower than the fishing mortality rates (F) estimated at 1.19 year-1. The current exploitation rate (0.50) was higher than E0.5 (0.38). The main losses in the stock up to 13.5 cm size was due to natural causes and after this size mortality due to fishing increased and eventually outnumbered the natural losses. The annual total stock and biomass were estimated at 10.412, 5.546 tons respectively


The idea of research comparing the legal and policy choices which form the basis for the current agrofood safety systems derive from the observation of several cases of "food emergency"(such as BSE, dioxin contamination , bird flu, GMOs) and food alert, which occurred in the recent European history and have caused reactions and worries in public opinion. The study of the above mentioned events and the reflection upon the attitudes and the decisions about food safety made by the European Union institutions raised many different questions. First of all I wondered if this is only a European phenomenon or if it may also apply to overseas countries like the USA. I also wanted to investigate about science regulation policies ruling the safety system born to face feared or evident risks for public health (as a consequence of BSE), i.e. to understand how scientific knowledge is used in legal and policy choices and which are the political and social consequences. In effect, the emergencies, risks and uncertainties caused by the social implementation of science have increased the gap between society and institutions both at national and community level, generating mistrust not so much of scientific and technological progress but of the institutions themselves. The public isn't only worried about "safety" meant as the likelihood of a damage occurring, but also about the unexpected social effects neglected by the institutions. Europe expressed its concerns about these situations by trying to fill the gap from different perspectives : • new governance of science; • subsequent new regulatory and policy model of science; • expertise and its credibility; • more collective decision making processes Such steps are fundamental to generate and new idea of science governance which connects the need of a more democratic science with that of a more involving society . The Democratization of science implies the acquisition by institutions of several scientific opinions involving all of the aspects of knowledge in order to obtain decisions making processes meeting social needs and, consequently, closer to citizens.


In order to improve the output performance of PEFC, the liquid water has to be removed smoothly from GDL because it prevents gas diffusion. In this study, the relationship between the liquid water distribution and operating condition of fuel cell was examined by experiments with visualized cell and numerical analysis. As a result, it was found that the position and the amount of the liquid water in porous media made a great impact on the output performance. In the case of high temperature but low humidity operating condition, liquid water accumulated near Rib side and caused higher performance. (Received November 12, 2010; accepted January 21, 2011)


Against the background of Chinese culture, we investigated the relationship between family socioeconomic status (SES) and children's reading ability. Participants included 2294 middle-school students in grade 8. SES was measured by parents' education level, parents' occupational prestige, and family property, and children's reading ability was estimated with item response theory. In addition, we adopted an 8-item parent–child relationship scale and a 22-item learning motivation scale that included four dimensions. We examined whether the parent–child relationship mediated the relationship between family SES and reading ability and whether this was moderated by learning motivation. The results indicated that the parent–child relationship played a mediating role in the relationship between SES and reading ability. This relationship was moderated by students' learning motivation. The direct effects of SES on reading ability at high, medium, and low levels of learning motivation were 0.24, 0.32, and 0.40, respectively.


The necessity of complex system of corporate insurance has been proven in the paper. Mechanisms of participants' interaction and corporate insurance of industrial risks have been considered. The estimation method of insurance enterprises has been offered. It is based on the forms of bookkeeping and statistical accounts of Russian insurance enterprises.


Objective:To study the diagnosis and treatment of spontaneous renal subcapsular hemorrhage.Methods:The clinical data of 20 cases were reviewed retrospectively in our hospital between 1991 and 2003. In the 20 cases, flank pain, upper abdomen pain, nausea and vomitus, febrile, flank mass, gross hematuria, radiating pain, edema of both lower extremity occurred in 20, 15,11,9,8,4,3 and 1 cases, respectively. The final diagnosis was established on B-ultrasonography, CT and DSA in 15, 14 and 1 cases, respectively. Results:In 20 cases, nephrectomy were performed in 6, radical nephrectomy in 2, nephron spare surgery in 1 case, inspiration and drainage of hemorrage in 6, renal artery embolization in 1 case and careful watching in 4 cases. The most common cause was of neoplastic origin (6 angiomyolipomas and 1 renal cell carcinoma). Other unusual cases included renal cyst (1 case), hydronephrosis(1 case), choriocarcinoma (1 case), infectious diseases(1 case). Thirteen of 20 cases were cured, four died for renal tumor and/or renal function failure. Conclusions:The tumor of kidney was the most common cause of this disease. B-ultrasonography and CT are the most valuable in the diagnosis. It demanded that management of spontaneous renal subcapsular hemorrhage depended on the histopathology and the degree of bleeding.


We present a detailed study of the magnetic properties of cobalt films with wide-area nanoscale ripple patterns, either on their surface only, or on both the film surface and substrate interface. Angular dependence vectorial-resolved magnetometry measurements and magnetic force microscopy with in situ magnetic field have been used to determine the magnetization reversal processes to correlate them to the different patterned nanostructures. All the samples show well-defined uniaxial magnetic anisotropy with the anisotropy axis lying along the ripple direction. Atomic force microscopy of the different types of pattern reveals various pattern defects: height corrugation and breaks of continuity along the ripple direction, and overlapping ripples and Y-shaped defects (pattern dislocation) across the pattern. In spite of the existence of such customary defects of erosive-regime patterns, the type of low-amplitude, surface-patterned films remarkably behave as a macrospin over almost the whole in-plane angular range (340°), with negligible spread of anisotropy axis or energy. In turn, it is found that high-amplitude surface-patterned films develop an angular distribution of anisotropy axes, probably related to the large distribution of amplitudes in a pattern of short ripples, and a significant distribution of anisotropy fields ΔHk/Hk up to 15%. On the other hand, films grow on pre-patterned silicon with a significantly longer mean ripple length, and develop a larger anisotropy energy with Hk up to 110 mT, probably because of the double interface effect. The switching fields close to the magnetization easy axis of all types of ripple pattern are not well reproduced by the macrospin approximation, but the observed pattern defects seem to be not responsible for the domain wall pinning that occurs with the field applied along the ripple direction.


Designing and simulating large networks, based on the Time Sensitive Networking (TSN) standards, require complex and demanding configuration at the design and pre-simulation phases. Existing configuration and simulation frameworks support only manual configuration of TSN networks. This hampers the applicability of these frameworks to large-sized TSN networks, especially in complex industrial embedded system applications. This paper proposes a modular framework to automate offline scheduling in TSN networks to facilitate the design-time and pre-simulation automated network configurations as well as interpretation of the simulations. To demonstrate and evaluate the applicability of the proposed framework, a large TSN network is automatically configured and its performance is evaluated by measuring end-to-end delays of time-critical flows in a state-of-the-art simulation framework, namely NeSTiNg.


The application prospect of zinc oxide (ZnO) nanostructures largely relies on the ability to grow nanoobjects with necessary geometry. In this study well-aligned ZnO nanorod arrays with a high density and uniformity were successfully synthesized on the glass substrates by a hydrothermal method at low-temperature. The aqueous solutions of zinc nitrate hexahydrate and hexamethylenetetramine was used. The effect of seed layer (obtained by electrochemical method and by vacuum deposition method) on the alignment of ZnO nanorods has been investigated. The morphological properties of the ZnO nanorods were also examined in accordance with varying the magnetron sputtering angle for ZnO seeds deposition. It is also shown that the electric field can control the direction of the growth of ZnO nanorods. Morphological, structural and compositional characterizations of obtained films were carried out by scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction analysis methods.


Most thermal waters in Lassen Volcanic National Park (LVNP) issue as acidic, low Cl hot springs, which are characteristic of vapordominated hydrothermal systems and cannot be used for liquid-chemical geothermometry. Waters from the neutral pH, low Cl hot springs at Drakesbad and in Little Hot Springs Valley may have equilibrated in shallow aquifers, and so both Na-K-Ca and Na-Li geothermometers approach the measured spring temperatures. The high Cl waters at Growler Hot Spring and Morgan Hot Springs, situated south of LVNP, are the most appropriate for liquid-chemical geothermometry and indicate subsurface temperatures between 230/sup 0/ and 240/sup 0/C. These springs may arise either from boiling at depth and subsequent mixing with meteoric water or from conductive cooling during lateral flow. In either case, the about230/sup 0/ to 240/sup 0/C thermal water probably originated inside the park and flowed southward to Morgan Hot Springs.


potansiyelini araştırmanın benzer bulunulmuştur. The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between the slow food trend and sustainable cuisine practice in Akyaka, one of the Cittaslows of Turkey. The main reason for investigating this relationship is to help remember the sourdough bread, which is already in our culinary culture but has been forgotten over time, and to contribute to the continuation of such traditions by the next generations. In the


In this study, in order to optimise in a cost effective way the structural and functional performances of the flexible pavement options of the Italian Catalogue, the concept of whole life costing has been introduced in their design procedure. The paper describes the methodology used, which has been applied to the pavements of an Italian motorway. The pavement deterioration has been evaluated by using World Bank HDM IV models; they have been calibrated and adapted to the local conditions by using the historical performances of similar Italian motorway pavements. Eight configurations of pavements have been considered. A combination of surface treatments, asphalt overlays and layer complete renewal have been selected as maintenance strategies which should be applied over the 30 year pavement life cycle. In order to compare the pavement options, a criterion has been introduced to evaluate the residual value of each configuration; the HDM IV models to evaluate user costs have been used and adapted to the local conditions. Different maintenance strategies have been examined for a range of funding scenarios. The study allows finding the optimum pavement configuration, which minimises the total costs, thereby providing maximum benefits to the community. For the covering abstract see ITRD E108018.


Abstract Compared to liposomal (Figure la) or, as they are commonly referred to, powder samples, highly aligned biomimetic membrane systems (Figure lb) offer a number of advantages. One of those advantages is the differentiation between out-of-plane (e.g., lamellar repeat spacing) and inplane (e.g., hydrocarbon chain organization) correlations [1,2]. Moreover, because the signal in aligned samples is not isotropic, and when a two-dimensional detector is unavailable, data collection is accelerated. Finally, the amount of material necessary to make aligned samples is generally a fraction of that needed for powder samples. This is an extremely important consideration as certain biological preparations (e.g., samples containing protein or peptides) are only available in minute quantities. Despite all of these advantages offered by aligned biomimetic systems, their use in neutron diffraction has been, for the most part, limited.


The research aims to decide the effect of good corporate governance on profitability in banking companies listed on Indonesia stock exchange from 2016 to 2017. This researchwas an explanatory research, using secondary data. The sample was selected using the purposive sampling method, which resulted in a total of 28 sample companies. The data analysis used was multiple linear regression. The results show that the board of directors significantly affect profitability and independent commissioners does not significantly affect profitability. Simultaneously, board of directors and independent commissioners significantly affect profitability.


Byzantium was theocratic empire with heterogeneous populations. The unifying factor to manage the politics, faith and national identity in the first place, as the best candidate, was religion. She was closely associated with the state. Religion was allied with the monarchy. The Glory of Byzantium is material and cultural heritage of humanity, which impresses with its richness and complexity.Luxury goods, rich decorated manuscripts, icons, works with engraving, ecclesiastical and liturgical decorated in gold and silver are important examples that stimulate the curiosity for the luxury of the byzantine religious culture. The majority of byzantine art was commissioned for religious purposes and predestined to be used in churches and monasteries. The churches could have three different types of clients-comittenti, not always easily distinguishable from each other: the state, the local church and private benefactors. The members of the imperial house and the courtyard were zealous patrons for buildings and works of religious art. The best example is the Hagia Sophia in Constantinople, built by Justinian.Byzantium has formed an image that is identified by the iconography (Christ, St. Mary, iconoclasm), mosaics (symbolism, techniques, naturalism), orthodox churches ( type, construction techniques). The Byzantine Empire is one of the great lost civilizations, with an extraordinary eternal culture. DOI: 10.5901/ajis.2013.v2n8p194


The article describes the methods of diagnosis of helminth infestations: microscopic, immunoenzyme analysis, serology, polymerase chain reaction, bioresonance diagnostics, haemoscanning, as well as instrumental methods (ultrasound and X-ray examination, computed tomography) and laboratory analysis of indirect value (complete blood count, liver function tests, fecal dysbiosis). Advantages of methods, as well as disadvantages, the reliability of the findings are described. Questionnaire for patients are offered to determine the risk of helminth infestation.


An analytical description of the marginal stability curve for the onset of oscillatory Benard-Marangoni convection in a horizontal fluid layer bounded above by a deformable free surface and bounded below by a thermally conducting planar boundary in the asymptotic limit of short waves is obtained.


Leonardo Chiariglione, the father of the Moving Pictures Experts Group and the driving force behind its standards for digitized video is now pushing a standard for Internet images manipulable by the user. As first conceived, MPEG-2 was to standardize the digital coding of interlaced TV pictures (in which a field made up of every other scan line is followed by another field consisting of the remaining scan lines). The coding was to occur at about 10 Mb/s, and standard digital television was the main goal. Then MPEG-3 was to formulate coding standards for pictures at 40 Mb/s, with a view to HDTV. The current effort of the Moving Pictures Experts Group, MPEG-4, is geared to digital coding at low bit-rates and was at first conceived rather vaguely in a multimedia context.


The 1st stage nozzle segments experience damage such as creep, fatigue, high temperature corrosion and foreign object damage in service. Amongst the other gas turbine components the 1st stage nozzle segments needs to be refurbished or repaired after stipulated number of running hours. The decision on the extent of repairs for the 1st stage nozzle segments are based on incoming inspection observations. There are various stages of incoming inspection which includes visual, dimensional and non-destructive testing methods. Metallographic evaluation is one of the most important incoming inspection method based on which the extent or class of repairs can be decided.The 1st stage nozzle segment material is FSX 414, which is a cobalt based alloy. It is critical to estimate the microstructural condition of the nozzle segments in the as received condition. As a part of incoming inspection sections at various locations are taken on the nozzle segments for metallographic evaluation. The microstructures are examined in the as received condition and after solution annealing heat treatment. Microstructural transformations and damages in terms of overheating, oxidation and hot corrosion can be identified at ease. The microstructural condition of the nozzle segments can thus be assessed after stipulated running hours. It is concluded that metallographic evaluation is effective in assessing the microstructural damage and proves to be vital in deciding the category of repairs. Typical microstructural evaluation case studies of 1st stage nozzle segments from Frame 5, 6001B and 7001EA gas turbine units are presented and discussed in this paper.© 2012 ASME


We have developed a Keggin polyoxometalate (POM)-based ionic liquid (IL)-immobilizing rhodium single-atom Rh catalyst (MTOA)5[SiW11O39Rh] (MOTA=methyltrioctylammonium cation), which can afford exceptionally high catalytic activity for the hydroformylation of alkenes to produce aldehydes at an ultralow loading of Rh (ca. 3 ppm). For styrene hydroformylation, both the conversion and the yield of the aldehyde can reach almost 99%, and the TOF was obtained as high as 9000 h-1 without usage of any phosphine ligand in the reaction process. The further characterization by FT-IR, ICP and ESI-MS analysis revealed that the Rh single atom was incorporated in the lacunary POM anions. Especially, the bulky IL cation can provide an additional role in stabilizing Rh species and thus prevented from aggregation and leaching of Rh species. The IL catalyst was miscible with n-hexane under the elevated temperature conditions, which contributed to exceptionally high activity for hydroformylation even at ultra-low loading of IL catalyst.


The first concerned the modeling of processes taking place within fluidized bed reactors used for waste incineration or gasification. This issue was first addressed in the laboratory in 1999, and continues to be studied now. The aim is to develop a complete model, including reactor hydrodynamics, coupled heat and matter transfers and homogeneous and heterogeneous chemical reactions. Future applications include the combustion and gasification of waste and biomass.


Effects of low‐load blood flow restricted (LL‐BFR) training remain unexplored in patients with ACL rupture. Our hypothesis was that LL‐BFR training triggers augmented gains in knee muscle strength and size, which are paralleled with transcriptional responses of hypoxia‐regulated genes and myokines. Eighteen volunteers (age 37.5 ± 9 years) planned for ACL reconstruction, participated in the study. Twelve were divided between BFR group, performing 9 sessions of LL‐BFR exercise, and SHAM‐BFR group performing equal training with sham vascular occlusion. Six subjects served as a control for muscle biopsy analysis. Cross‐sectional area (CSA) and isokinetic strength of knee muscles were assessed before and after the training. Change in CSAquad was significantly (p < 0.01) larger in BFR (4.9%) compared with SHAM‐BFR (1.3%). Similarly, change in peak torque of knee extensors was significantly (p < 0.05) larger in BFR (14%) compared with SHAM‐BFR (−1%). The decrease in fatigue index of knee extensors (6%) was larger (p < 0.01) in BFR than in SHAM‐BFR (2%). mRNA expression of HIF‐1α in the vastus lateralis was reduced (p < 0.05) in SHAM‐BFR, while VEGF‐A mRNA tended to be higher in BFR. The mRNA expression of myostatin and its receptor were reduced (p < 0.05) in the semitendinosus after both types of training. Expression of IL‐6, its receptors IL‐6Rα and gp130, as well as musclin were similar in control and training groups. In conclusion, our results show augmented strength and endurance of knee extensors but less of the flexors. LL‐BFR training is especially effective for conditioning of knee extensors in this population.


The effectiveness of on-farm and/or on-station early generation yield testing was examined to maximize the genetic gains for sorghum yield under smallholder famer production conditions in West Africa. On-farm first-stage yield trials (augmented design, 150 genotypes with subsets of 50 genotypes tested per farmer) and second-stage yield trials (replicated α-lattice design, 21 test genotypes) were conducted, as well as on-station α-lattice first- and second-stage trials under contrasting phosphorous conditions. On-farm testing was effective, with yield showing significant genetic variance and acceptable heritabilities (0.56 in first- and 0.61 to 0.83 in second-stage trials). Predicted genetic gains from on-station yield trials were always less than from direct testing on-farm, although on-station trials under low-phosphorus and combined over multiple environments improved selection efficiencies. Modeling alternative designs for on-farm yield testing (augmented, farmer-as-incomplete-block, multiple lattice, and augmented p-rep) indicated that acceptable heritabilities (0.57 to 0.65) could be obtained with all designs for testing 150 progenies in 20 trials and 75 plots per farmer. Ease of implementation and risk of errors would thus be key criteria for choice of design. Integrating results from on-station and on-farm yield testing appeared beneficial as progenies selected both by on-farm and on-station first-stage trials showed higher on-farm yields in second-stage testing.


The authors settle the complexity status of the robust network design problem in undirected graphs. The fact that the flow‐cut gap in general graphs can be large, poses some difficulty in establishing a hardness result. Instead, the authors introduce a single‐source version of the problem where the flow‐cut gap is known to be one. They then show that this restricted problem is coNP‐Hard. This version also captures, as special cases, the fractional relaxations of several problems including the spanning tree problem, the Steiner tree problem, and the shortest path problem. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. NETWORKS, Vol. 50(1), 50–54 2007


A concept to electrically control the scattering of light is introduced. The idea is to embed noble metal nanoparticles in an electro-optical material such as a liquid crystal in order to induce a spectral shift of the particle plasmon resonance by applying an electric field. Light scattering experiments on single gold nanoparticles show that spherically shaped nanoparticles become optically spheroidal when covered by an anisotropic liquid crystal. The two particle plasmon resonances of the optically spheroidal gold nanoparticles can be spectrally shifted by up to 50 meV when electric fields of more than 10 kV/cm are applied.


Spinach downy mildew caused by Peronospora spinaciae is the main reason of yield reduction in Korea as well as in worldwide. After forced ventilation or horizontal air circulation fans were installed to control growth conditions in green house, the changes of temperature, relative humidity (RH), growth and yield, and occurrence of downy mildew were examined. Althought here was no significant difference of temperature between the treatments, RH as 9.2% lower at nighttime by forced ventilation. In addition, final fresh weight was increased to 17.8g compared to control (10.1g), which as 7.7g enhancement. Downy mildew s tarted to show 20 days after sowing (DAS) and increased to 34.7% at 60 DAS on harvest time in control. In contrast downy mildew was occurred 40 DAS with 0.7% incidence rate and 4% at harvest by forced ventilation. The results indicated that reduction of only 9.2% of RH at nighttime by forced ventilation in greenhouse spinach growth was dramatically thrived over 76.2%. Additionally spinach downy mildew occurred 20 days later with extremely lower incident rate, which meant 88.5% reduction of downy mildew.


Mitochondrial genomes have been remarkably instructive about the evolutionary-history (phylogeny), population-genetics and phylogeography of Acari, particularly the ticks. At present we have entire mt genomes for 125 of the 896+ species of ticks (316 mt genomes in total), and for 146 of the thousands of other species of Acari (296 mt genomes in total). Total number of mt genomes available for the Acari is 612 [we aim to have mt genomes for 400+ species of ticks and other Acari in time for the XVII International Congress of Acarology]. It has never been easier to sequence entire mt genomes. Any lab with basic wet-lab capability can do this by using commercial sequencing companies. In 2021, Barker & Kelava precipitated the Tick Mitochondrial Genome Network with a YouTube Channel of the monthly meetings [https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCnBhfhYxjC4rsJmVpBwHT0g/featured]. This is a worthwhile resource for people wanting to join our enterprise. We study mitochondrial genomes and nuclear genes, like the internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2), to address phylogenetic questions and questions about species-level taxonomy of ticks and other mites.


We report a 71-year-old male with microscopic polyangiitis (MPA) who developed sudden-onset, progressive, bilateral visual loss associated with a relapse of MPA symptoms. The patient was referred to our hospital, and treated with intravenous pulse steroid therapy and high-dose oral prednisolone. Although the right eye remained vision deficient, visual acuity in the left eye recovered. Ocular manifestations of MPA are quite uncommon. This case emphasizes the necessity of early detection and initiation of prompt therapy where ocular manifestations of MPA occur.


Abstract Although interest in ecology and conservation of natural areas in tropical environments is increasing, many parks and reserves in developing countries offer insufficient opportunities for conservation education. To meet the need for education for residents and visitors at a nature reserve in Belize, educators developed a program to teach students taking part and to provide ongoing educational resources for future visitors to the reserve. Fifteen North American college students spent 4 weeks in the nature reserve and received academic training in rainforest ecology and environmental education. Using their newfound knowledge and experience, as well as their own creativity and imagination, the students created interpretive resources for future visitors. As a result, the educational needs of a variety of groups were met in a low-cost, efficient way. The nature reserve also benefited, because its interpretative programs were enhanced while program participants were being educated.


The first edition of Calvario y Tabor by Vicente Riva Palacio was published in 1868 by Manuel C. de Villegas; fifteen years later it returned to print (1883) from the press of Filomeno Mata, within the publications of El Diario de Hogar with numerous corrections, to such a degree that, in effect, it can be considered as a "2nd edition, corrected by the author," as is stated on the title sheet. The most important editions of Calvario y Tabor are examined in this article, from both the 19th and 20th centuries, and, after taking a few samples from their variations, the main defects from which it suffers are shown by several examples, which in general boil down to those inherent in any act of transcription and ignorance of the culture of the time, and the language of the author. Finally, it is proposed that the edition published in the Tipografia Literaria de Filomeno Mata (1883) be used as the base for a critical edition, since this represents the final artistic choice of its author.


Background/Aim. The COronaVIrus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) primarily affects the respiratory system, so radiological diagnosis has been shown to be necessary. Chest computed tomography (CT) is to be shown the best modality in suspected COVID-19 cases for initial evaluation because CT findings may be present before the onset of symptoms. The purpose of this study is to show different CT imaging features or patterns in COVID-19 patients with a different time course and disease severity. Methods. This is a prospective cohort study that analysed 330 patients (the average age was 52.37±15.36) with confirmed COVID-19 via laboratory testing. During hospitalization, all patients included in the study underwent chest CT in order to assess the extent of changes in their lungs. Because chest CT images could show different imaging features or patterns in COVID-19 patients with a different time course and disease severity, we classified them into four categories: lung, bronchial, pleural and mediastinal changes. Based on the time interval between the onset of symptoms and the CT scan, all patients were divided into three groups: group 1 (CT scans done ≤1 week after symptom onset); group 2 (CT scans done >1 to 2 weeks after symptom onset); group 3 (CT scans done >2 weeks after symptom onset). In order to more accurately monitor the distribution of changes in the lungs, bilateral lungs were divided into 12 'lung' zones. Each zone was assigned a CT score. 'Total severity score' was calculated by summing the scores for each zone. Results. In 93.6% patients with COVID-19 the CT findings were positive. About 92.1% patients had multiple lesions. The lesions were bilateral in 87.6% of patients, had both peripheral and centrally localised lesions in 63.3% of patients, and occurred more frequently in posterior areas (93%), as well as in lower lung zones (91.2%). The average 'Total severity score' was 11.00 (7.00-16.00). The most common CT findings in all patients are the groundglass opacities (97.7%), reticular pattern (91.3%), consolidation (71.5%) and fibrotic streaks (63.8%). When the time interval is monitored between onset of symptoms and the CT scan, it is noticed that in group 1 changes on CT were found in 80.0% of patients, in group 2 in 95.0%, and in group 3 in 99.4%. Conclusion. CT has proven to be a very important diagnostic method in COVID-19 patients, and together with clinical and laboratory findings, gives a complete picture of the patient's condition and significantly contributes to decisionmaking for further treatment.


A smart grid is a modernized electrical grid that uses distribution networks to deliver electricity. It aims to gather and act on information, such as information about the behaviors of grid entities, in an automated fashion to improve the efficiency, security and reliability. It is important that the sensitive information should be shared securely among the grid entities. In smart grid, smart devices (e.g., smart meters) usually have limited computational capability. In this paper, we propose an online/offline attribute based encryption (ABE) scheme based J.Hur's ABE scheme with hidden policy. In our scheme, the advantages of J.Hur's scheme are kept. Thus, the data privacy and policy privacy are all preserved well. The computational overhead of encryptors are reduced by splitting the computation for encryption algorithm into two phases: online/offline. Most of the laborious decryption operations are delegated to the offline phase. The online phase can then rapidly assemble an ABE ciphertext when the message and the attribute control policy become known.


On the basis of analysis on advantage, potential, position and role of land and resources in the whole region, the paper considers that great development in western region should depend on resources. It also points out main factors restricting development of land and resources according to practice, and it puts forward relevant countermeasures.


AbstractThe authors investigate the relationship between hydrology in the Great Lakes basin—namely, overlake precipitation and transient Rossby waves—using the National Centers for Environmental Prediction–National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP–NCAR) reanalysis data and historical output from phase 3 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP3). The preferred path of observed Rossby wave trains associated with overlake precipitation on Lake Superior depends strongly on season and appears to be related to the time-mean, upper-level flow. During summer and fall, the Northern Hemisphere extratropical jet is relatively narrow and acts as a waveguide, such that Rossby wave trains traversing the Great Lakes region travel along the extratropical Pacific and Atlantic jets. During other months, the Pacific jet is relatively broad, which allows more wave activity originating in the tropics to penetrate into the midlatitudes and influence Lake Superior precipitation. Analysis is extended to CMIP3 mod...


This paper studies the layout of Chinese ancient capitals including that of the Western Zhou Dynasty.It is found that initially the king's official palaces were subordinate to the ancestral temples.As the authority of the Kings rose,palaces built in the west(or southwest)part of the capitals on the basis of earlier para-palaces was gradually gaining prominence.This kind of practice was maintained from the Spring and Autumn Period to the Western Han Dynasty.According to the records found in The Artificers'Record in the Ritual of Zhou,palaces placed in the middle was not part of the social institutions in the Zhou Dynasty. However,due to their physical characteristics and historical contingency, they later exerted a great influence on the form of China's urban construction.


Photophysical and photochemical processes in organic molecules are directly related to the singlet electronic S 1 state and studied usually without taking into account highest excited states. At the same time the role of high-lying singlet states is not reduced only to processes of intramolecular conversion, they can participate in different intra- and intermolecular processes. Here we consider analytically, in general, how the properties of dually fluorescing molecules are affected in the case where their second fluorescence band is formed as a result of excited state photoreaction and where fluorescence is excited in the range of the S 1 and S n electronic absorption bands. It is shown that, upon excitation of molecular objects via high-lying singlet states, the yield of reaction products can be increased in a number of cases. Then, if fluorescence of initial molecules and their photoproducts is detectable, the probabilities of reactions can be determined via high-lying singlet states. Presented experimental data demonstrate the role of high-lying singlet states of molecules from 3-hydroxyflavone family, in the excited state of which reactions of formation of tautomers as a result of internal proton transfer (ESIPT) can take place. This fact reveals a new opportunity for enlargement yield of photoreactions excited via the Sn states, and in some cases this may be explored practically.


Lipase (triacyl glycerol acylhydrolases, EC 188.8.131.52) catalyses hydrolysis of long chain acyl glycerol at an oil water interface. Microbial lipase has various applications in industries so microorganism producing lipase was isolated and screened for the lipolitic activity from curd and was biochemically characterised. Organism from curd sample was found to be of Lactobacillus sps. It was subjected to submerge fermentation process using waste oil as an substrate. The extracellular enzyme obtained was partially purified using ammonium sulfate precipitation & the purified enzyme was used to carry out titrimetric assays, the molecular weight was found to be 29 kDa for Lactobacillus sps & the specific activity was found to be 0.082 U/mg.


Abstract : Lessons learned from operations in Afghanistan and Iraq over the past ten years indicate that the Army is fighting in an environment that requires a change in how organizations gather, analyze, synthesize, and produce intelligence. "Top-down" intelligence no longer drives today's operations. Instead, current operations produce numerous lower-level information and intelligence reports that higher headquarters must gather, analyze, and synthesize. The sheer volume of these reports and the depth and breadth of information they provide often exceed the capacity of the intelligence organizations at the various headquarters echelons -- particularly those within the brigade combat team (BCT).The particularly high demand for intelligence in today's operational environment, coupled with the need for operational integration of tactical units, leads to the critical question: does the U.S. Army require intelligence support teams at the company-level in all BCTs? The methodology consists of a detailed description, analysis, and synthesis of current data collected on intelligence needs and organizational responses to these needs at the company-level throughout the U.S. Army. This research includes case study analysis comparing select brigade combat teams that employed company-level intelligence support teams (CoISTs) with those that did not. A review of historical literature on Army operations reveals a pattern of success among units who had a section of three to eight personnel within the company dedicated exclusively to intelligence analysis. While this research does not indicate a fundamental change in the nature of war, it does highlight the unique requirements for intelligence collection and analysis in today's wars. In particular, close interaction between Army units and local populations has led to the generation of vast amounts of information that platoons and comp


Background: A crucial element that restricts access to medicines is price. Generic drugs provide the opportunity for major savings in out of pocket healthcare expenditure since they may be substantially lower in price. However when a generic drug is prescribed, pharmacist decides which brand of the drug to be dispensed. This results in patients paying for single drug at markedly different prices. Aims: To compare costs patient has to bear for psychotropic drugs fluoxetine and risperidone when a generic prescription is presented to a pharmacy. Methods: Pharmacies in 5 urban locations (Kurunegala, Kandy, Anuradhapura, Puttalam, Mahiyangana) in Sri Lanka were evaluated. A generic prescription for Fluoxetine 20 mg and Risperidone 2mg was presented to retail pharmacies and received medications were analyzed for the specific brands dispensed and costs incurred. Results: Price of a fluoxetine 20mg capsule ranged from Rs. 1.72 to Rs. 30.00 and price of risperidone 2mg tablet was from Rs 1.15 to Rs. 23.00. Combined monthly cost for the medications ranged from Rs 86.10 to Rs 1803.00. Approximately 80% prescriptions received brand preparations expensive than the cheapest brand among them. Lowest cost risperidone was dispensed only in 18% of instances. Lowest cost fluoxetine was dispensed only in 24% of instances. Conclusions : 80% of the time patients who get generic psychotropic prescriptions pay more than the cost of the lowest cost product. Knowledge about the price ranges of brands available in market could help in reducing the out of pocket expenditure for pharmaceuticals.


Background/Aim: Prostate multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI) is the reference imaging modality for extraprostatic extension of disease (EPE) assessment. We aimed to compare the diagnostic accuracy of different abbreviated MRI protocols to the standard prostate mpMRI in the identification of EPE of PCa. Patients and Methods: Fifty patients were retrospectively enrolled. Dual-pulse (dpMRI) and biparametric (bpMRI) abbreviated protocols were obtained from mpMRI. The performance of two experienced radiologists and two radiology residents was correlated with a reference standard and compared. Inter and intra-reader agreements were evaluated. Results: All protocols were strongly correlated to the reference standard (p≤0.001). A significant difference was found between dpMRI and mpMRI (p=0.009), no differences emerged between bpMRI and mpMRI (p=0.27). All readers showed moderate agreement (ĸ=0.47, ĸ=0.50 and ĸ=0.53 for dpMRI, bpMRI and mpMRI, respectively). Intra-reader agreement was good (all ĸ values ≥0.70). Conclusion: Only bpMRI showed similar diagnostic performance to mpMRI, thus appearing as a feasible alternative to the standard protocol for EPE detection.


Located in the south-east of Picardy in the Aisne, the open-air site of «Le Colombier» allows us to re-evaluate our knowledge of the human occupation of northern Europe during the Last Glacial Maximum. Thanks to the many and varied remains it contains, it offers a rare opportunity to collect information on the behaviour developed by these poorly known societies from the early Upper Palaeolithic period in northern France. This is particularly the case of the assemblage of bone industrie, whose small number (5 items divided into waste and tools) is counterbalanced by its strong typological-technological coherence and by the presence of pieces that could attest that the occupants of Chezy-sur-Marne transformed reindeer antler according to principles that differed from those of contemporary Badegoulian groups in south-western France.


A series of novel urea derivatives containing the 1,2,3-thiadiazole moiety were synthesised using microwave-assisted condensation reactions of 4-methyl-1,2,3-thiadiazole-5-carbohydrazide with various substituted isocyanatobenzenes in acetonitrile. Their chemical structures were characterised by 1H NMR, MS and elemental analysis. This method provides several advantages such as high yields, facile work-up and is environmentally friendly.


Mathematical model of subsonic discharge CO laser is presented. Boundary layer type equations are used. This approach permits to define the value of the thermal flow to the wall for lasers in axisymmetrical channel with cooling. In some cases the laser parameters are expedient to calculate on the base of one dimensional gasdynamic equations. With the use of the one dimensional gasdynamic equations experimental data of various installations are analyzed. The influence of temperature on laser characteristics is studied. Theoretical optimization of laser parameters is presented.


Flexibility tools like demand response, distributed storage and integration of other energy networks are all key aspects of efficient utilisation of the electrical grid. This study presents a complete model for the reliability-based planning of district integrated energy systems (IESs) considering distributed energy storage and integrated demand response. First, an optimal planning model of district IES is proposed to determine the type and capacity of new facilities to be invested over the planning horizon, for minimising total investment and operation costs. Furthermore, a joint N−1 and N−k reliability criterion is introduced to construct the complete reliability-based planning model for economical and reliable planning solutions. The proposed model is solved via a heuristic algorithm, by iteratively solving a base-case master problem and two operation subproblems to check N−1 and N−k criteria. Numerical case studies demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed reliability-based planning model and methodology. Results show that the model can promote the flexibility of distribution systems while ensuring reliability and economy.


INTRODUCTION
Lepra is an uncommon disease within our setting. However, it was considered the most frequent cause of polyneuropathy only 50 years ago.

CASE REPORT
We present the case of a 37 year-old woman who consulted due to paresthesias in both hands and feet, livedo reticularis and complaints of frequent hand lesions. Examination of the skin detected nodular lesions and the neurophysiological study confirmed distal symmetric sensitive polyneuropathy with axonal predominance. The skin biopsy also showed histocytic infiltrate and mycobacterium lepra type intracytoplasmatic bacilli. This led to the diagnosis of Multibacillary lepromatous leprosy. Multiple treatment was begun, according to the World Health Organization recommendations, with good evolution. In spite of the attempts to eradicate lepra, its incidence continues to be elevated, especially in endemic areas, among which the south of Spain is included. It is generally associated to overcrowding and low social-economic level.

CONCLUSIONS
This is the last endemic case in the Valencian Community. The possibility of lepra should be considered among the possible causes of sensitive polyneuropathy, above all in patients in endemic areas.


Probabilistic Seismic Demand Models (PSDMs) are an important component of the PEER (Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center) probabilistic performance-based seismic design framework. A PSDM defines a relationship between a seismic hazard Intensity Measure (IM), such as spectral displacement at the fundamental period of the bridge, and a structure-specific Engineering Demand Parameter (EDP), such as maximum column curvature. It provides a probability of exceeding an EDP value, given a value of associated IM. PSDMs are computed using a probabilistic seismic demand analysis procedure. This paper presents PSDMs developed for multi-span highway overpass bridges typical for California. These overpass bridges have two, three or four spans, circular columns with integral pile shafts, and continuous box girder superstructures. Finite element models of different configurations for each span type were developed in OpenSees. Parameters of these base models were then varied to cover a range of typical bridge designs. Each parametric bridge model was subjected to 80 ground motions recorded in California, and non-linear time-history response computed. A statistical analysis of the computed responses was used to develop a suite of bridge PSDMs. In this paper PSDMs that demonstrate commonality with optimal PSDMs derived for single-bent bridges are presented. The influence of multiple bridge spans on their seismic behavior, such as the effect of higher mode response, is also investigated. PSDMs help to illustrate the effect of variation of span length and span number on bridge performance and give designers a tool to optimize the layout of the bridge for the expected level of seismic performance.


Considering system as a formed state in which individuals interact on each other from each mo- tive,so this paper can discuss issue in modem frame of game theory,regarding rules as balanced tactics. The system can be regarded as a public consumption,and participants following the collective behavior logic.Therefore the predicament means the system inefficiency.Especially in the vast backward areas, the course of system formulation,execution and supervision are covered with fierce play of different groups,causing the system inefficiency.


Agrarian communities in the Peruvian Andes depend on local water resources that are threatened by both a changing climate and changes in the socio-politics of water allocation. A community's local autonomy over water resources and its capacity to plan for a sustainable and secure water future depends, in part, on integrated local environmental knowledge (ILEK), which leverages and blends traditional and western scientific approaches to knowledge production. Over the course of a two-year collaborative water development project with the agrarian district of Zurite, we designed and implemented an applied model of socio-hydrology focused on the coproduction of knowledge among scientists, local knowledge-holders and students. Our approach leveraged knowledge across academic disciplines and cultures, trained students to be valued producers of knowledge, and, most importantly, integrated the needs and concerns of the community. The result is a community-based ILEK that informs sustainable land and water management and has the potential to increase local autonomy over water resources. Furthermore, the direct link between interdisciplinary water science and community benefits empowered students to pursue careers in water development. The long-term benefits of our approach support the inclusion of knowledge coproduction among scholars, students and, in particular, community members, in applied studies of socio-hydrology.


The effects of microsporidian (Thelohania) infection on the growth and histopathological changes in intensive pond-reared Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) were studied. Postlarvae 10 (PL10) were stocked at 125 PL/m 2 in three earthen ponds of approximately 5 rai (8,000 m 2 ) in an area with a salinity of 30-35 ppt. Shrimp were fed with commercial pelleted feed throughout the 120 days of the culture period. Shrimp were first observed to be infected with microsporidian parasites between 20-25 days after stocking. The highest prevalence of infection between 25-28% was found at day 60 in all growout ponds. Subsequently, the prevalence of infection decreased until the shrimp were harvested at day 120 when only 3-5% of shrimp remained diseased from the three rearing ponds. Shrimp infected in both hepatopancreas and abdominal muscle had the lowest weight, which was significantly different (P<0.05) from shrimp infected in only abdominal muscle and the uninfected group from first sampling at day 45 throughout the 120 days of the culture period. Histopathological changes in diseased shrimp from the hepatopancreas-and-muscle-infected group revealed that white masses of microsporidian parasites had partially infested the hepatopancreas and other organs, including the stomach, lymphoid organ and abdominal striated muscle, while in the muscle-infected group only the striated muscles were partially infested by microsporidians. These results clearly indicated that the severity of microsporidian


The invention discloses a current-digital-signal-based underwater splitter control method. According to a preset communication protocol, a shore-based power supply changes current levels of a backbone network of a submarine network system at a certain frequency to form control signals; communication with an underwater splitter is established and a control command is transmitted; and different states of a high-voltage vacuum switch in the underwater splitter are controlled actively, so that remote fault isolation in the submarine network system and power connection or disconnection of submarine cable branches can be realized. Compared with the existing underwater splitter control method, the provided current-digital-signal-based underwater splitter control method has characteristics of low cost and high reliability and a control strategy with high robustness is provided for the submarine network.


【Objective】 To present some useful suggestions for tuberculosis(TB) control in school by analyzing the constitute of the reported TB students cases in Shandong in 2007. 【Method】 The data reported by National Information System for Disease Control and Prevention were analyzed with descriptive analysis. 【Results】 3 389 TB cases among students were reported in Shandong in 2007,of which the gender ratio was 1.49∶1,the proportion of 18 to 22 years old was 64.65%,reported in summer was 37.15%,More than 350 patients reported by Weifang and Jinan,and more than 100 patients of migrants in Jinan and Qingdao,and of the positive and the non-examination were 36.94% and 10.39%. 【Conclusion】 Some useful suggestions are presented,such as doing regular health examination,paying more attention to the TB control of the high school students,the migrants and the positive cases.


In thepastseveralyears,intensive interest has focusedon the complexities of the do-not-resuscitate (DNR) treatmentdecision. Most recently, the President'sCommission for the Study of Ethical Problemsin MedicineandBiomedical andBehavioralResearch1raised thefollowing threecritical pointsin referenceto DNR. First, resuscitation is a very painful and intrusive procedure.Second,efforts to resuscitate a dying patientare only successfulin approximatelyone-inthreeattemptsandof thosepatients who survive initial resuscitationefforts, only one-third are eventually discharged.Thosewho wereable to return homeare often significantly impaired. Finally, the successof resuscitationefforts is generallydifficult to assesswithout carryingout the full rangeof procedures. These facts suggestthat physicians who carry out less aggressiveeffortsbecausetheydid not thoroughlyconsider the resuscitationdecision aheadof the time maynot be acting in their patients'bestinterest. Basedon their deliberations,the President'sCommissionmadethree chief recommendationsfor the developmentof DNR policies.1) Hospitals should developexplicit policies: "on the practiceof writing andimplementingDNR orders."2) Hospital policies should recognize theneedfor balancedprotectionof patients,and respectthe right of a competentpatient to make an informed choice.3) Hospitalpolicies should provide a means for appropriateresolutionof conflicts,and also mandateinternalreview. In addition to these broad guidelines,the report noted that much of medicalpractice is now governedby private and independentorganizationssuch as the Joint Commissionon Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations (JCAHO) that: "bear a responsibilityto encouragesounddecisions


A liquid source using water as a solvent was studied to prepare Li2+2xZn1 xSiO4 single phase by a Sol Gel method. XRD results show that the solid solution Li2+2xZn1 xSiO4 (0≤x≤0.5) is structurally related to Li3PO4 phase. TEM photographs show that the grain size of the sample annealed at 900℃ is about 50nm. Ionic conductivity was determined by means of A C impedance technique. Compared with the samples by the conventional solid state reaction, the experimental results shows that Li2+2xZn1 xSiO4 can be obtained using by water based sol gel method at lower temperature.


The main purpose of this study was to examine the relations between maternal parenting, mother-adolescent conflict, and middle adolescents' self-esteem with a sample of 271 high school students enrolled in 2nd year at high school in Seoul, and their mothers. Data was analysed using correlations and regression analyses. Maternal affection, monitoring and reasoning were positively related with and maternal physical abuse and neglect were negatively related with adolescent self-esteem. Maternal over-expectation and intrusiveness were not related with adolescent self-esteem in boys, but were negatively related with adolescent self-esteem in girls. In both adolescents' and mothers' report, mother-adolescent conflict was related negatively with adolescent self-esteem. In mothers' report, mother-adolescent conflict was not related with adolescent self-esteem in boys, but was negatively related with adolescent self-esteem in girls. In adolescents' report, maternal affection, monitoring and reasoning were negatively related with mother-adolescent conflict, which maternal over-expectation, intrusiveness, neglect, and physical abuse were positively related with mother-adolescent conflict. In mothers' report, maternal affection, monitoring and reasoning were negatively related with mother-adolescent conflict. Mediating roles of mother-adolescent conflict in relation of maternal parenting and adolescent self-esteem were examined. In adolescents' report, mother-adolescent conflict perceived by male adolescents played a mediating role between maternal monitoring, reasoning and physical abuse, representatively, and adolescent self-esteem. And mother-adolescent conflict perceived by female adolescents played a mediating role between maternal parenting with the expectation of maternal affection and adolescent self-esteem. In mothers' report, mother-adolescent conflict perceived by mothers only played mediating role between maternal monitoring and adolescent self-esteem. So, mediating roles of mother-adolescent conflict were more emphasized in the adolescents' report than in the mothers' report. Therefore, the fact that maternal parenting except affection affects the adolescent self-esteem indirectly through mother-adolescent conflict can be found. Implying that maternal affection is crucial in implying positive self-esteem of adolescents.


Objective: To investigate the effects of chlorpromazine on cell proliferation of human ovarian epithelial carcinoma cell line HO 8910 in vitro.Methods: The antiproliferation effects of different concentrations of chlorpromazine (50,100,150,200,250 μmol/L)on HO 8910 cell line were detected with MTT assay.Results: Different concentration of chlorpromazine inhibited the proliferation of HO 8910 cells.The inhibition by chlorpromazine plateaued at 200 μmol/L(81.48% inhibition).Conclusion: In vitro,chlorpromazine significantly inhibited the growth and the proliferation of human ovarian epithelial carcinoma cell line.


Due to the influence of network transmissions on networked control systems(NCS),compensation and estimation for network-induced delays and packet dropout at the controller unit are proposed to improve the performance of control systems.Using a time driven sensor,an event and time driven controller and assuming that the delays are less than a sampling period with packet transmitted at a fixed rate,the system obtained by using the compensation and estimation methods for delays and packet drop in networked control system(CEDP-NCS) is modeled as an asynchronous dynamical system(ADS) with two events.A stability condition is derived in terms of time varying bilinear matrix inequalities(BMI).Simulation results prove that our approach can effectively improve the control system performance.


Many studies have been undertaken on climate variability in West Africa since the drastic drought of 1970s. These studies rely in many cases on different baseline periods chosen with regard to the reference periods defined by the World Meteorological Organization. A method is developed in this study to determine a stationary baseline period for rainfall variability analysis. The method is based on an application of three statistic tests (on deviation and trend) and a test of shifts detection in rainfall time series. The application of this method on six different gridded rainfall data and observations from 1901 to 2018 shows that the 1917–1946 period is the longest stationary period. An assessment of the significance of the difference between the mean annual rainfall amount during this baseline period and the annual rainfall amount during the other years shows that the "Normal" annual rainfall amount is defined by an interval delineated by ±the standard deviation (STD). With regard to this interval, a very wet/dry year is defined with a surplus/gap over/below the STD. Overall the 1901–2018 period, the 1950–1970 period presents the most important number of significant wet years and the 1971–1990 period presents the most important number of significant dry years.


Bulk metallic glasses (BMGs) have been extremely popular in recent decades, owing to their superior properties. However, how to improve the surface functions and durability of BMGs has always been a key engineering issue. In this work, a facile laser-based surface structuring technique was developed for modulation and control of the surface functionalities of Zr-based BMG. For this technique, a laser beam was first irradiated on the surface to create periodic surface structure, followed by heat treatment to control surface chemistry. Through experimental analyses, it was clearly shown that laser surface structuring turned the BMG surface superhydrophilic, and subsequent heat treatment turned the surface superhydrophobic. We confirmed that the combination of laser-induced periodic surface structure and modified surface chemistry contributed to the wettability transition. The laser-heat-treated surface also exhibited improved antifriction performance with the help of lubrication medium. This work provides a feasible method for surface modification of BMG, suggesting applications in the areas of medicine, biology and microelectronics.


Objective:To investigate the metabolism changes in corpus striatum of hemiparkinsonian monkeys after chronic high frequency stimulation in subthalamic nucleus (STN) by SPECT and PET imaging. Methods: Two hemiparkinsonian monkeys, induced by unilateral internal carotid artery infusion of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropy-rindine (MPTP), were implanted with stimulation electrodes in STN of lesioned side according to stereotaxic atlas of the monkey brain. SPECT and PET examination were performed before and 1, 3 months after stimulation. Results: PD symptoms of monkeys, including rigidity, bradykinesia and gait abnormality, were significantly improved. SPECT imaging indicated that dopamine transporter (DAT) binding to corpus striatum in stimulated side increased and D 2 receptor (D 2 R) decreased to the level of unlesioned side after stimulating. PET imaging showed that right corpus striatum had lower density than left corpus striatum before stimulation. One month after chronic high frequency stimulation, bilateral corpus striatum had low density, but the right was slightly higher than that of the left;3 months after stimulation the right was obviously higher than the left . Conclusion: The symptoms of hemiparkinsonian monkeys can be obviously improved by STN deep brain stimulation(DBS). The increased DAT binding and glucose metabolism of corpus striatum in stimulated side and the decreased D 2 R binding after stimulation suggest that the activity of striatal dopaminergic system may be promoted by STN DBS.


(2002). A Human-Centric Alternative to Diversity and Multicultural Education. Journal of Social Work Education: Vol. 38, No. 1, pp. 17-36.


Psychoses are known to result from alterations in the function of the adrenal. They are found in both the hyperfunctioning (Cushing's syndrome) and the hypofunctioning (Addison's disease) states. Dysfunction of other endocrines may at times be responsible for abnormal mentation; the thyroid was probably the first to be recognized and described. The case histories of two patients are reported here. They are considered noteworthy because of the prominence and profundity of their psychic disturbances; both had been in institutions for mental disease, and, although both exhibited typical signs and symptoms of Cushing's syndrome, these were not recognized early in the course of the disease. Case 1. —A white Syrian woman, aged 33, entered the Brooklyn Hospital Nov. 11, 1947. The following history was obtained chiefly from her husband and mother, as her mental deterioration had progressed to a state where the obtaining of a detailed reliable account was impossible. In


The chemistry of aminobenzo[b]thiophenes has gained increased interest in both synthetic organic chemistry and biological fields and has considerable value. Some of the reactions have been successfully applied for the production of various fused heterocycles. The present review covers the literature up to date for the synthesis, reactions and applications of such compounds.


When the concentration focuses on data mining, frequent itemset mining (FIM) and high-utility itemset mining (HUIM) are commonly addressed and researched. Many related algorithms are proposed to reveal the general relationship between utility, frequency, and items in transaction databases. Although these algorithms can mine FIMs or HUIMs quickly, these algorithms merely take into account frequency or utility as a unilateral criterion for itemsets but ignore the concurrent itemsets, which are often more valuable for reference. A new skyline framework has been presented to mine frequent high utility patterns (SFUPs) to better support user decision-making. Several new algorithms have been proposed one after another. However, the Internet of Things (IoT), mobile Internet, and traditional Internet are generating massive amounts of data every day, and these cutting-edge standalone algorithms can not satisfy the new challenge of finding interesting patterns from this data. Big Data uses a distributed architecture in the form of cloud computing to filter and process this data to extract useful information. This paper proposes a novel parallel algorithm on Hadoop as a three-stage iterative algorithm based on MapReduce. MapReduce is used to divide the mining tasks of the whole large data set into multiple independent sub-tasks to find frequent and high utility patterns in parallel. Numerous experiments were done in this paper, and from the results, the algorithm can handle large datasets and show good performance on Hadoop clusters.


The species of Dioscorea (yam) are regarded as a staple food crop for millions of people in the tropical and subtropical regions of the world. It is regarded as an important food crop next to cereals and grains due to high yield storage of carbohydrates. Economically, only few species are recognized for cultivation from agricultural point of view, in spite of its large species diversity. The species of Dioscorea also represents great morphological variability in nature. However, very little research has been done on it. Hence, in the present study, an attempt was made to establish genetic variability and relationships among 50 accessions of Dioscorea spp. growing naturally in Meghalaya. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) for the first nine components indicates 91.5% observed variability. Morphological characters or traits with discriminating values were stem color, leaf type, number of leaflet in compound leaf, leaf color, leaf shape, inner petal shape, staminode absent or present, length and width of mature leaf. Agglomerative Hierarchical Cluster Analysis clearly separated the 50 accessions based on their close association.


This paper evaluates the use of saving-investment correlations to measure capital mobility. It is argued that the intertemporal approach to the balance of payments predicts that the practice of calculating the correlation coefficient using long-term averages of saving and investment shares biases the result toward accepting the hypothesis of capital immobility. Calculations based on annual data show that the correlation coefficient is much lower and that is varies considerably. Estimates of intranational capital mobility based on saving and investment shares of U.S. federal states show that the saving and investment link is much looser within a nation than among nations. Copyright 1992 by Royal Economic Society.


The aim of this research is investigating the role of personality types in predicting happiness, commitment and identity styles in university students in Islamic Azad University, Roudehen branch. The method of this research was correlational. With use of cluster random sampling one faculty between the faculties of university were chosen and 280 participants with simple random sampling attended to research and performed the inventories. Entrance criteria for participant include: undergraduate students in Educational courses, having psychological and physical health by self-report. The scales of this research were Framingham and burtner personality type's inventory, oxford happiness inventory and bursensky identity styles inventory. The data were analyzed with Pearson correlation and multiple regression statistical methods. The results indicated B personality types can predict happiness and normative identity styles and a personality types can predict avoidant/diffusive identity styles.


Organic solar cells (OSCs) were fabricated on polyethylene terephthalate (PET) substrates using hybrid silver grid/graphene films as transparent conducting electrodes and the effect of the silver grid dimensions was characterized. OSCs fabricated using optimized grid dimensions of 200 μm × 200 μm × 50 nm × 2 μm (length × width × height × linewidth) on PET substrates exhibited two times the power conversion efficiency of control devices using graphene only.


Approximation errors due to using reduced-order, instead of full-order, models in the nonlinear flutter problem of variable-stiffness composite laminates (VSCLs) are qualitatively and quantitativel...


We consider the problem of covert communication over wireless adhoc networks in which (roughly) <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$n$ </tex-math></inline-formula> legitimate nodes (LNs) and <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$n^{\kappa }$ </tex-math></inline-formula> for <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\kappa > 0$ </tex-math></inline-formula> non-communicating warden nodes (WNs) are randomly distributed in a square of unit area. Each legitimate source wants to communicate with its intended destination node while ensuring that every WN is unable to detect the presence of the communication. In this scenario, we study the throughput scaling law. Due to the covert communication constraint, the transmit powers are necessarily limited. Under this condition, we introduce a preservation region around each WN. This region serves to prevent transmission from the LNs and to increase the transmit power of the LNs outside the preservation regions. For the achievability results, multi-hop (MH), hierarchical cooperation (HC), and hybrid HC-MH schemes are utilized with some appropriate modifications. In the proposed MH and hybrid schemes, because the preservation regions may impede communication along direct data paths, the data paths are suitably modified by taking a detour around each preservation region. To avoid the concentration of detours resulting extra relaying burdens, we distribute the detours evenly over a wide region. In the proposed HC scheme, we control the symbol power and the scheduling of distributed multiple-input multiple-output transmission. We also present upper bounds on the throughput scaling under the assumption that every active LN consumes the same average transmit power over the time period in which the WNs observe the channel outputs. For <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$0 < \kappa < 1$ </tex-math></inline-formula>, these upper bounds match with the achievable throughput scalings.


We demonstrate a flexible wearable optical fiber strain sensor using side-polished fiber Bragg grating (FBG) with a D-shaped polished zone of ∼54 μm depth and ∼15 mm length. The opto-mechanical response of the sensor embedded in a biocompatible polydimethylsiloxane elastomer is firstly investigated through various subtle wrist pulse tests. In comparison to a bare FBG, the developed sensor exhibits about two times of magnitude larger in time domain due to the more sensitive light-strain interaction with fiber gratings. Then along with the sound wave profiles of original audios, the extracted throat vibration signals validate the great potential of the sensor for wearable human speech detection.


Titanium (Ti) and its alloys are widely used in medical applications due to its superior mechanical properties and biocompatibility. Hydroxyapatite (HA), due to its similarity with teeth and bone material, is also widely used in clinical applications and orthopaedic implant manufacture. In this study, composite powers containing titanium with different wt % of HA were coated on stainless steel substrate using high velocity oxy-fuel (HVOF) spray technique. These Ti+HA coatings were characterized using XRD technique to indentify phases present in the coating. Small amount of oxide phases were identified apart from the original Ti and HA in the coatings during XRD analysis. The microstructure analysis of the coating surface using FESEM and EDX revealed dense and homogeneous coatings along with few well distributed pores.


1513 opened a subversive stage in the history of political thought. Machivelli abandoned the reference to God and nature, the basis of the anthropological and social order from time immemorial. In the field of pedagogy, Machiavelli shamelessly taught degrading abilities to his partisan politicians with a view to staying in power. This degradation affected Thomas Fitzherbert intellectual and personally. Resisting this anthropocentric reclusion, he wielded the pen as a weapon to write An sit utilitas in scelere . His ends were to claim the power of virtus as dignity, as a way and means for the ruler. Fitzherbert spoke aloud with ink, even bleeding ink. He emboldened himself to hold the flag of the virtus, the unique arena in which every prince is worth training.


and 'chemical irritation' have been suggested as factors in pentazocine-induced fibrous myopathy (Johnson et al. 1976). The above mechanisms would not explain the reported occurrence of changes away from the injection sites (Winfield & Greer 1973). It would seem that the finding of immune complexes in the present case and that of Padilla et al. (1979) is more likely to be a result, rather than the cause of, the chronic cutaneous damage. In neither case was there any evidence of vasculitis or deposition of immunoglobulin and complement in the skin. The early changes in the skin and subcutis have not been documented and the pathogenesis of pentazocine ulceration may be better understood if injection sites were biopsied before clinical lesions became apparent.


With the rise of humanism and individual all-round development,subjective morality education is widely approved and accepted,which has turned into the key way for present colleges morality education walking out of the predicament.However,there has risen several problems on it in the course of digestion of traditional morality education.Meanwhile,we do the modern construction on its idea,content,ability and method system completely.


We present and analyze a discontinuous variant of the hp-version of the boundary element Galerkin method with quasi-uniform meshes. The model problem is that of the hypersingular integral operator on an (open or closed) polyhedral surface. We prove a quasi-optimal error estimate and conclude convergence orders which are quasi-optimal for the h-version with arbitrary degree and almost quasi-optimal for the p-version. Numerical results underline the theory. Mathematics Subject Classification 65N38 · 65N55 · 65N30 · 65N12 · 65N15


A theoretical model is presented to describe the thermosonic imaging of surface-breaking and sub-subsurface cracks, together with illustrative comparisons with experimental measurements.


The design and performance of a novel crystal deflector for proton beams are reported. A silicon crystal was used to channel and extract 70 GeV protons from the U-70 accelerator in Protvino with an efficiency of (85.3/spl plusmn/2.8)%, as measured for a beam of /spl sim/10/sup 12/ protons directed towards crystals of /spl sim/2 mm length in spills of /spl sim/2 s duration. Experimental data agree with the theoretically predicted Monte Carlo results for channeling. The technique allows one to manufacture a very short deflector along the beam direction (2 mm). Consequently, multiple encounters of circulating particles with the crystal are possible with little probability of multiple scattering and nuclear interactions per encounter. Thus, drastic increase in efficiency for particle extraction out of the accelerator was attained. We show the characteristics of the crystal-deflector and the technology behind it. Such an achievement is important in devising a more efficient use of the U-70 accelerator and provides crucial support for implementing crystal-assisted slow extraction and collimation in other machines, such as the Tevatron, RHlC, the AGS, the SNS, COSY, and the LHC.


BERTHA is a 4-component relativistic molecular structure pro- gram based on relativistic Gaussian (G-spinor) basis sets which is intended to make affordable studies of atomic and molecular electronic structure, par- ticularly of systems containing high-Z elements. This paper reviews some of the novel technical features embodied in the code, and assesses its current status, its potential and its prospects.


Water is an excellent medium for sound transmission, which leads to concern about anthropogenic noise impacts on sensitive species. Models now exist that can predict a soundscape, taking into account hydrodynamic features, such as stratification, and seabed properties. A key challenge is to predict ecological responses, particularly to inform
environmental impact assessments, prior to new marine developments. Individual and Agent Based Models (I/ABMs) provide an opportunity to assist in this ecological response prediction.


This program seeks to fund the development of large-scale, realistic, validated, and open-access electric power system network models (transmission and distribution) that have the detail required for the successful development and testing of transformational power system optimization and control algorithms. In conjunction, the program will also fund the creation of an open-access, self-sustaining repository for the storage, annotation, and curation of these power systems models, as well as others generated by the community. These advancements would promise to substantially reduce the barriers to the testing and adoption of new strategies for grid optimization and control, including new Optimal Power Flow (OPF) algorithms. The public availability provided by open-access to these models and the repository is required for more accurate and comprehensive evaluation of emerging grid operation optimization algorithms, including optimization competitions, as have been successfully employed in many other optimization-dependent fields and industries.1,2,3 These new optimization algorithms promise to enable increased grid flexibility, reliability and safety, while also significantly increasing economic and energy security, energy efficiency and substantially reducing the costs of integrating variable renewable generation technologies into the electric power system in the United States.


The invention relates to a Falzhilfsmarke and a method for determining the folding quality of folded products, wherein a Falzhilfsmarke with a fold mark (1; 1 ') for identification of the desired course of a fold (16; 17; 18) is provided and the predetermined tolerance range in the range the fold mark (1, 1 ') by additional lines, the tolerance limits (4, 4' is marked).


In recent years, the data warehouse industry has witnessed decreased use of indexing but increased use of compression and clustering of data facilitating efficient data access and data pruning in the query processing area. A classic example of data pruning is the partition pruning, which is used when table data is range or list partitioned. But lately, techniques have been developed to prune data at a lower granularity than a table partition or sub-partition. A good example is the use of data pruning structure called zone map. A zone map prunes zones of data from a table on which it is defined. Data pruning via zone map is very effective when the table data is clustered by the filtering columns.

The database industry has offered support to cluster data in tables by its local columns, and to define zone maps on clustering columns of such tables. This has helped improve the performance of queries that contain filter predicates on local columns. However, queries in data warehouses are typically based on star/snowflake schema with filter predicates usually on columns of the dimension tables joined to a fact table. Given this, the performance of data warehouse queries can be significantly improved if the fact table data is clustered by columns of dimension tables together with zone maps that maintain min/max value ranges of these clustering columns over zones of fact table data. In recognition of this opportunity of significantly improving the performance of data warehouse queries, Oracle 12c release 1 has introduced the support for dimension based clustering of fact tables together with data pruning of the fact tables via dimension based zone maps.


Valorisation of local and low-cost eco-materials have become an imperative for the sustainable development of Concentrating Solar Power (CSP) in West Africa. In this study, the compatibility tests were carried out. These involve the application of jatropha curcas oil (JCCO) and ceramic balls, which were developed from clay coal bottom ash and sands with a focus on Burkina dune sand ceramic. The aim was to assess the applicability of using JCCO as heat transfer fluid in CSPs with direct thermocline thermal energy storage. The tests involve the use of a small container to put in contact with Jatropha oil with ceramic balls for 2160 hours and at 210 °C. From the chemical properties' analysis, the peroxide value in the oil decreases with aging time while the acidity increase. However, the acidity remains below the limited value that is 25 mg KOH.g-1. Therefore, thermal properties that drive heat transfer and rheological properties (density, thermal conductivity, kinematic viscosity and so on) were not adjusted significantly at the storage temperature (of about 210°C). Thermal stability temperature decreased to 261.93°C for the oil aged alone as against 263.41 °C for the one that was put in contact with filler material. In the nutshell, there is no incompatibility between JCCO, and the new thermal energy storage material (TESM) developed. These couple of materials could be suitable for thermocline energy storage in CSP plant and for other applications like there use in solar cooker box.


Abstract The Outstation Programme is a research‐based, part‐time MA for practising teachers which has several innovatory features. The most distinctive is that the teachers are recruited in teams. Research into the experiences of participants provided insights into the ways in which teams operate and what the notion of a 'team' actually meant for team members. It revealed that the nature of team collaboration did not meet the expectations of the programme. Reflection and action were predominantly individualistic, owing to constraints in the programme itself and in the culture of schools. However, it was found that teams fulfil several important functions which facilitate progress through the programme and enhance the capacity of individuals to bring about change through the research process.


The induction machine (IM) is commonly adopted in industry, which plays an important role in energy conversion between mechanical and electrical power. Asymmetrical faults caused by internal failures commonly occur in IMs. Such faults not only reduce the working efficiency and cause excessive heating, but also cause potential hazards preventing continuous operation and safety problems. This paper proposes a power electronic converter-based IM power hardware-in-the-loop (PHIL) emulator, which is able to emulate an IM with internal faults. Firstly, the machine parameter measurement method for an induction motor with a rotor cage fault is introduced. Then the rotor cage fault machine is identified by using stator current spectral components. Based on that, the PHIL emulator is developed and tested for an IM with rotor cage fault. A comparison of the emulator results with simulation results and actual IM results demonstrates the validity of proposed solution.


Fast neutron irradiation can induce discrete color centers in 2D hBN, without obvious aggregation at multilayer edges or grain boundaries.


The paper describes a method which allows the accurate prediction of the fringe localization in holographic interferometry, in the case of objects moving as a whole. The method uses the optical path concept; it is valid either in the case of spherical illumination or in the case of plane illumination. Several applications are emphasized: translations and rotations of plane and prismoid objects, with spherical illumination. Theoretical predictions are compared with experimental results.


A reading of the musical interference into Jorge de Sena's lyric discourse within the book Art of Music , pointing out the way an ethics of existence has been discussed upon matters touched off by incongruence between both musical and poetical systems of representation.


Understanding donor profiles is crucial for donor relationship management. Whereas previous research has focused on profiling blood, money, or time donor segments separately, we define seven donor profiles based on their former donation behavior for blood, money, and time donation and compare them to non-donors. Relying on representative data from the German Socio Economic Panel, we use an extensive set of characteristics that include sociodemographic, psychographic, health-related, and geographical measures and simultaneously investigate profiles of donors for single and multiple donation forms and non-donors by means of a multinomial logistic model. Our results reveal valuable insights for donor acquisition and retention strategies of nonprofit organizations along the identified profiling characteristics of donor segments. By this, our findings help nonprofit organization managers to better target single and multiple donors across three donation forms.


In the sight of risk society,food safety management must be built in governance rather than in single government control,and food safety civilization should be formed accordingly by combining the two methods of law and ethics.In this kind of civilization,a government builds institution civilization by innovation of regulation,the third sector and enterprises show their social responsibility to develop responsibility civilization.


The case "Infosys: Transition at the Top" is an interesting read for many reasons. The case not only chronicles the journey of Infosys in adopting governance standards that were clearly ahead of the prevalent industry norms in India, but also describes how such a successful company grapples with changes associated with transformation in governance structure. The case successfully highlights the associated tradeoffs that a company may go through while adapting to new and advanced corporate governance mechanisms. To explain such tradeoffs and the effects thereof, the case anchors itself to the interesting story of the recent change in leadership from the founder member Mr. N.R. Narayana Murthy to a non-founder professional Mr. K. V. Kamath. However, what interests me more in the case, in addition to the processual aspect of the leadership change,are the tacit but important tradeoffs associated with this change. Primary among them are the trade-offs between (a) the organizational knowledge and dependability of founder leaders vs. the potential expertise of professionals, (b) the concurrence to existing organizational ideology by founder leader vs. the best practices and changes that an outsider professional may bring, and (c) the control and associated efficiency of a homogenous owner dominated board vs. the diversity and inclusion of a heterogeneous stakeholder's board. To discuss these tradeoffs in context of Infosys' thirty years of transformation, we need to go to the core of corporate governance literature. Like many other management concepts, now applied to the real world organizations, the concept of corporate governance finds its root in few established theories of management such as resource dependence theory, stewardship theory, agency theory, and stakeholders' theory. The importance of theories in the context of a real world phenomenon such as Infosys' transition is not only because of the clarity of understanding and the generalizability they provide but also because we can use such theories as


This paper studies the coordinate optimization control problem of networked control systems (NCSs) with random time delay and packet dropout. A discrete-time system model of NCSs with time-delays and data packet dropout is proposed. A method of state estimation base on extra kalman filter is given. Then a gain-schedule adaptive LQG control strategy base on effective delay-estimation online is proposed. The result illustrate that the effectiveness of the proposed controller design and the satisfactory performance of the system.


Diffusion of Mediterranean traits to central and north-western Europe during the middle Iron Age is a topic well rehearsed now by three generations of archaeologists. The stimulating recent exhibition Golasecca at the Musée d'Archéologie nationale in France, showed that – funds permitting – plenty of scope remains for research. Elaborately made imports, at for instance the Heuneburg, Vix or Hochdorf, have been interpreted as evidence for how aristocrats adopted Greek and Etruscan styles to reinforce their status and regional power between about 600 and 400 BC. Art historians revealed how their bronzesmiths responded selectively to templates from not only states to the south but also eastern nomads. Archaeologists worked out how goods were brought up the Rhône valley by the enterprising Greeks of Marseille or by the northerners themselves exploiting that colony. The 'trade' is thought to have encouraged development of social complexity. More recently, to demonstrate the recipients' 'agency', attention has focused on potters' responses, adoption of coinage and writing and 'feasts' for chiefs to show off 'prestigious' exotica to rivals, clients or tributaries. Similar models of trade, 'appropriation' and sociopolitical development have been developed for the Late Pre-Roman Iron Age and the Roman Iron Age.