The objectives of this study were: (1) to determine the effect of learning strategies on learning outcomes (2) to determine the effect of achievement motivation on learning outcomes, (3) to determine differences in learning outcomes, (4) to determine differences in learning outcomes between students and students. High achievement motivation with low motivation, and (5) to determine the interaction of learning strategies and achievement motivation on student Jurisprudence learning outcomes. The research method used is quantitative methods with a quasi-experimental approach. The study population consisted of four classes, namely V-1, V-2 and V-3 and V-4. Through the cluster random sampling technique, 1 class was selected as the experimental class which was taught using mind mapping strategies and 1 control class which was taught using the expository strategy. The data collection instruments were questionnaires and tests and data analysis techniques used two-way analysis of variance. The findings of the study show: (1) there is an effect of learning strategies on students' Jurisprudence learning outcomes, (2) there is an effect of achievement motivation on the results of "Jurisprudence learning of students with high achievement motivation is higher than the average Jurisprudence learning outcomes of students with low achievement motivation, (3) there are differences in the learning outcomes of students who are taught Jurisprudence with mind mapping strategies and expository strategies for both students who have high achievement motivation and low achievement motivation.


With the rapid increasing use of vehicles car ownership, the problem of road safety has become increasingly prominent. Taking the "Vision Zero" road traffic safety improvement measures in San Francisco as a research case, this paper makes a reference analyzing on the improvement of urban traffic safety in China. This paper introduces the traffic safety improvement plan of San Francisco from the perspective of "Vision Zero", and analyzes the measures to improve traffic safety from the aspects of urban traffic safety system, urban road traffic design and urban traffic safety intelligent system. Finally, through the comprehensive analysis of the advanced experience research in San Francisco and the current situation of road safety design in China, this paper claims the "4E-AI-BD" traffic safety development strategic framework and improvement measures for the "Vision Zero".


Objective:To provide microanatomical data for respiratory function reconstruction by transposition of accessory nerve to phrenic nerve in rats with upper cervical cord injuries. Methods:The bilateral accessory nerves,phrenic nerves,and their branches of 30 male rats were dissected under operating microscopy. The diameter, length of the accessory nerve and its branches, the distance between the accessory nerve and the main trunk of the phrenic nerve were measured adopting the slide gauge with precision of 0.001 millimeter. Results: The proximal part of the main trunk of phrenic nerve was about 0.207±0.051 mm in diameter. At the point of 4.191±0.135mm from jugular foramen, the accessory nerve gave off muscular branches for sternocleidomastoid muscle, which were 5.657±0.283 mm in length and 0.221±0.039 mm in diameter. The distance between the former and the main trunk of the phrenic nerve was about 10.041±3.181 millimeters. The supraclavicular section of the accessory nerve, between its two muscular branches for trapezius, was about 0.274±0.032 mm in diameter and about 5.154±0.782 mm parting from the proximal part of the main trunk of the phrenic nerve. The length of infraclavicular section of the accessory nerve was about (0.216±0.027)mm before giving off medial and lateral branches horizontally. Its distance from the proximal part of main trunk of the phrenic nerve was about -1.416±0.216 mm. Conclusions: The diameter of infraclavicular section of the accessory nerve before giving off medial and lateral branches is similar to that of the proximal part of main trunk of phrenic nerve. It is possible to suture them directly.


The primary aim of the WA85 experiment is the study of strange and multistrange baryon and anti-baryon production. Particles are detected in the kinematic window of central rapidity and {ital pT}{gt}1.0 GeV/c. Results on the production of {Lambda}, {bar {Lambda}},{Xi}{sup {minus}} and {bar {Xi}}{sup {minus}} hyperons in proton-tungsten interactions from the 1990 run are presented and compared with the sulphur-tungsten data. {copyright} 1995 {ital American} {ital Institute} {ital of} {ital Physics}.


SUMMARY Theanti-P. falciparum sporozoite vaccine consisting ofthesynthetic peptide, Ac-Cys-(NANP)3, conjugated totheprotein tetanus toxoid (TT), [Ac-Cys-(NANP)3]25-TT, iscurrently undergoing humantrials. Thepurposeofthepresent study was toassessvarious immunological parameters of this vaccine inmice, whichhavepractical implications inhumans.Two injections of[Ac-Cys(NANP)3J25-TT adsorbed toAl(OH)3 were required toelicit ahighantibody responseagainst both Ac-Cys-(NANP)3 andTT.Thevaccine initiated equivalent Ac-Cys-(NANP)3 priming fora secondary IgGresponsein1-week-old andadult mice. Immunization offemale micewithTTor[AcCys-(NANP)3]23-TT prior tomating resulted inoffspring thatpassively received anti-Ac-Cys(NANP)3 and/or anti-TT antibody andthathadreduced secondary responses toAc-Cys-(NANP)3 andTT.Tertiary challenge withvaccine couldsubstantially overcome suchinhibition. Preimmunization ofadult micewithTT resulted ina specific inhibition oftheanti-Ac-Cys-(NANP)3 antibody responsethatdisappeared following tertiary challenge withthevaccine. Theconjugate initiated an antibody responseagainst Ac-Cys-(NANP)3 andTTinmiceof16different genotypes; only verylowT-cell proliferative responsesto(NANP)3 wereobserved forsome ofthese strains. Mice injected with(NANP)3 coupled toprotein demonstrated asecondary responsetoAc-Cys-(NANP)3 whenchallenged with(NANP)3 on aheterologous carrier, indicating thatB-cell priming alone may besufficient fora secondary antibody response.Theseresults demonstrate thatthevaccine has favourable andunfavourable characteristics inmice; thepotential forbothexists inhumans.


Spectroscopic investigation into the properties of HoVO4 has revealed interesting and unusual anomalies. These centre on the fact that the first excited doublet (at 21 cm-1) shows a small (2.3 cm-1) zero-field splitting at low temperatures. Although no phase transition has been detected in HoVO4, it is concluded from the experimental data that the splitting is real enough and that the symmetry at the Ho3+ site must be lower than tetragonal. A number of effects which might be responsible for this splitting are investigated, but the origin of the splitting remains obscure.


The results of the study indicated that being realized in speech in the form of a specific unit of a message, the proposal shall be made in accordance with a specific communication task. Communicative approach to value assumes that the semantic content of words is influenced by its role in the sentence.


Two studies using the Parent—Adult Attachment Style Questionnaire (P—AASQ) are described. In both, college students were classified into 1 of 3 parent—adult attachment style groups, and their scores on a common set of adjustment measures were examined. Results provide further support for the reliability and concurrent and predictive validity of scores from the P—AASQ.


We investigate sources of variation in teacher evaluation ratings across classrooms, schools, and districts. We show that assignment to high achieving classrooms increases teacher evaluation ratings. We also document significant variation in the sensitivity of performance ratings to value-added measures of teacher effectiveness across districts. Consequently, the probability that high or low performing teachers, as measured by value added, receive the highest or lowest evaluation ratings differs considerably across school districts. Our findings suggest that statewide policies that attach high stakes to performance evaluations are likely to have different consequences across schools and districts.


Field experiment was conducted in 2005 and 2006 to study response of extra-early maize variety to rates of NPK and residual FYM applied to chilli pepper the previous season) in the semi-arid zone of Nigeria. Higher values for soil physical and chemical properties were obtained in plots supplied with manure the previous season with soil from 2006 experiment more fertile than for the first year, hence produced 21% more grain yield. All the applied NPK rates in 2005 and except 40:20:20 ha 1 in 2006 had resulted in early maize crop as compared to control. Husked and de-husked cob and 100-grain weights and grain yield ha -1 were higher at 120:60:60 kg NPK ha -1 . Maize grown in plot supplied with 15 t FYM ha -1 the previous year matured earlier. Cobs and 100grain weights and grain yield were highest in plot supplied with 10 t FYM ha -1 . The 10 t FYM ha -1 had 69% and 68% more grain yield than the control in 2005 and 2006, respectively. Highest maize yield was obtained at 120:60:60 kg NPK ha -1 or 10t FYM ha -1 . All the parameters measured significantly and positively related to each other when the two years data were combined.


Capital market are such medium whereas long term valuable letters being sale and bought. Within capital market, company get relative cheap fund, because company didn't need to paid capital cost or capital cost could be pressed. Valuable letter which often trade in capital market was share. Share was valuable letter as participation evidence or both individual and institution ownership. Much factors which could influence share price such ROA, ROE, ROS, EPS and EVA. Aim of this research was to analyzed influence of ROA, ROE, ROS, EPS and EVA to share price, both partially or simultaneously. Population and sample within this research were all of manufacture productions which registered within BEI from 2007 – 2010. Sampling collection technique was purposive sampling and obtained sample about 112 companies. Data type was secondary. Data collection sample used documentation. Analysis technique used was double regression.


Poverty reduction is a primary goal of development policy. In large parts of the World people have to live on meagre incomes and have limited access to infrastructure services, such as mains water, safe sanitation, mains power supplies, maintained roads and telephones. In response, more and more infrastructure provision has been opened up to private investment over the last two decades and regulatory institutions have been introduced to protect the public interest in the absence of state ownership. In this paper the role of infrastructure regulation in poverty reduction is investigated drawing on the published evidence. The conclusion is that the evidence is both patchy and sometimes contradictory. There is mixed knowledge regarding the extent to which regulators address poverty issues and about the results of regulatory decisions. The paper concludes by proposing a future research agenda aimed at improving our understanding of the ways in which infrastructure regulation impacts on poverty, with the objective of improving actual regulatory policy in developing economies.


Aim: Assess melatonin administration as an anaesthetic agent and establish whether combining this drug can decrease the required dosage of ketamine and/or enhance its effects. Materials and methods: Single and combined doses of melatonin (15 to 100 mg/kg) and ketamine (35, 50 and 70 mg/kg) are tested in 54 rats. Duration and depth of anaesthesia are assessed through recording righting and withdrawal reflexes. Four intervals of anaesthesia are defined (induction, general, surgical and full recovery). Results: Nine treatments are tested: (a) control and doses of 15 mg/kg melatonin and 35 mg/kg ketamine do not produce anaesthetic effects; (b) doses of 50 and 70 mg/kg ketamine and combination melatonin-ketamine 15 + 50 mg/kg effects of melatonin are verified. These effects are enhanced when combined with ketamine. Our results are compared with those obtained with combinations of ketamine and other anaesthetic drugs. The possible effect of the ketamine-melatonin combination on the GABAergic system and the NMDA receptors for glutamate is discussed. Conclusion: The melatonin-ketamine combination causes a rapid onset of anaesthesia and prolongs the effect of ketamine alone in rats. So, this study suggests that melatonin modulates mechanisms involved in the induction of anaesthesia by ketamine.


Background: Pregnancy is considered a major risk factor for development and progression of periodontal disease. There are hormonal changes in both estrogen and progesterone hormones in addition to bacterial effect and poor oral hygiene that will enhance development of periodontal disease in pregnant women.
Materials and methods: Seventy subjects were enrolled in the study, the subjects with an age range (20-35) years old without any history of systemic disease. The subjects were divided into 20 non-pregnant women they represent the control group (G I), 30 pregnant women with gingivitis (GII) and 20 pregnant women with periodontitis (GIII).All periodontal parameters (plaque index, gingival index, bleeding on probing, probing pocket depth and clinical attachment level) were recorded and 5ml of unstimulated saliva was collected for each subject. The collected saliva was centrifuged and clear supernatant was collected and kept frozen until biochemical analysis of salivary enzymes which included ALP, LDH and salivary Calcium.
Results: No significant difference in the mean value of salivary ALP between GI and G II, while there is high significant difference between GI and GIII. There was significant difference in the salivary LDH and Ca levels between control group and group II, while there is highly significant difference of salivary LDH and Ca between group I and group III.There was significant difference in the number of bleeding sites, and probing pocket depth (PPD) among all groups. There was increase in the total number of all scores of PPD (score 1,2 and 3) GII and GIII compared to GI.
Conclusions: Thepregnant women revealed more periodontal disease conditions (gingivitis and periodontitis) due to hormonal changes superimposed with microbial infection. Salivary enzymes (ALP, LDH) and salivary calcium are considered as good biochemical markers of periodontal tissue destruction and can be used to evaluate the effect of pregnancy on periodontal health status.


NFB has been implicated as a downstream effector of Gq-coupled receptor signaling, but whether these and cytokine receptors activate NFB similarly remains unclear. Stimulation of rat vascular smooth muscle cell Gq-coupled P2Y nucleotide receptors with UTP induces luciferase transcription from a sensitive and specific NFB dependent promoter. However, these responses are only >15% of that to the reference cytokine IL-1. IL-1 is a powerful stimulator of IB degradation, RelA nuclear import, and isoform specific NFB enhancer binding in vitro, responses that are not detectable after P2Y receptor stimulation. Expression of two trans-dominant NFB polypeptides suppresses induction of the NFB reporter and also IL-1 stimulated monocyte chemoattractant-1 mRNA, which is not induced by UTP. In contrast, UTP induces higher expression of the endogenous COX-2 and IL-6 mRNAs than does IL-1, implying that Gq-coupled receptor evokes additional NFB-independent transcription factors in regulating these two genes. P2Y receptors are as effective as the reference growth factor PDGF-BB at inducing CREB, AP-1, SRE and NFAT transcription, which are largely unaffected by IL-1 treatment. NFB is less efficiently activated then several other transcriptional effectors of Gq-coupled receptor signaling in vascular smooth muscle cells, and is instead preferentially activated by inflammatory cytokines. Bcl-3) or as the precursor proteins p105 and p100.


In order to enhance efficiency and accuracy of dynamic hand gesture recognition based on HMM method. we propose a new HMM algorithm combined with the DTW for the computation's high complexity of HMM method in the training stage. The new HMM can establish the relationship of fuzzy closeness degree between the DTW algorithm and the HMM algorithm. Meanwhile, it can combine with the template adaptive strategy, so that improving the recognition accuracy of the algorithm, and enhance the accuracy and timeliness in human-robot interaction.


First of all, I would like to thank you all for your immense contribution to the journal Endoscopy this year. Despite all challenges, we were excited to see that the quality of publications and the number of submissions increased significantly. Of course, one of the biggest highlights of 2020 was the best ever achieved Impact Factor of 7.341, mirroring the quality of the publications submitted, the selection, review and hard work by the editorial team and the interest of the readers and authors.


Introduction: The family of 2-pore domain K+ (K2P) channel genes has 15 members, are background channels which enable the leak of K+ ions from cells, and are considered to be important for baseline activity of cells at rest including membrane potential, calcium homeostasis and volume regulation. Prior studies support the hypothesis that alterations of expression or function of K2P channels in cancer cells may play a significant role in tumor development and progression. In the vast majority of tumors, the abnormally expressed channel is wild type. The role of K2P channel genes in breast cancer is currently emerging. A recent microarray database study suggests that all but 5 K2P gene family members showed altered expression in breast cancer. Other studies suggest potential clinical utility of K2P channel genes as biomarkers associated with TN subtype. A weighted gene co-expression network analysis study showed that upregulation of KCNK5 was associated with poor outcome for TN related tumors. TN tumors are also known to occur more frequently in women of non-Hispanic (nH) black race and association between black race and unique KCNK4 and KCNK9 breast tumor methylation patterns have been suggested; KCNK9 association with TN subtype has also been observed. However, there is a paucity of studies characterizing K2P genes in clinical breast cancer, and the goal of our study was the systematic evaluation of the relationship between K2P gene DNA methylation/expression and TN breast tumor subtype, in the large publically available TCGA dataset. Methods: TCGA invasive breast cancer data was available for 1040 women of which 767 had Illumina HM450 methylation beta-values and 959 had RSEM mRNA expression z-scores (single values from level 3 data). We evaluated the direction and association of all K2P gene expression/methylation loci and TN subtype using age and race adjusted glm models. Age and race adjusted Cox models were used for analysis of disease free (DFS) and overall survival (OS). CpG methylation loci within 25kb from either end of the genes of interest were included for examination (UCSC genome browser, hg37). A total of 724 CG loci were included using this approach, but after exclusion of probes with null reads, the number of loci available for study was reduced to 608. Methylation glm model results were sorted on p-values (smallest to largest) and the top 10 associated loci were selected for reporting and further analysis. Selected loci were then checked for functionality related to expression using Spearman9s correlation. Bonferroni corrected p-values were used where appropriate. Results: Overexpression of KCNK5, KCNK9, KCNK10 and KCNK12, and underexpression of KCNK6 and KCNK15, were significantly associated with TN subtype (all p Conclusions: TN subtype is associated with specific K2P channel gene over and underexpression patterns, and similar expression patterns observed in blacks is consistent with more frequent TN disease. Our findings also suggest a link between KCNK9 overexpression and worse survival in breast cancer. Both KCNK5 and KCNK9 showed hypomethylation patterns correlated with negative expression, and overall gene overexpression related to TN subtype, and these findings appear to be consistent with prior literature. Citation Format: Keith A. Dookeran, Maria Argos. Two-pore domain potassium (K+) channel genes and triple-negative (TN) subtype in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) breast cancer dataset. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Ninth AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2016 Sep 25-28; Fort Lauderdale, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2017;26(2 Suppl):Abstract nr B07.


The LifeWatch Taxonomic Backbone facilitates the standardization of species data, and the integration of the many distributed databases and data systems. It – virtually brings together different component databases and data systems, dealing with five major components: (1) taxonomy, through regional, national, European, global and thematic databases, (2) biogeography, based on databases dealing with species occurrences, (3) ecology, in the form of species-specific traits, (4) genetics and (5) literature, by linking all available information to the relevant sources and through tools that can intelligently search this literature. The development of the LifeWatch Taxonomic Backbone started in 2012 and has now entered it maintenance phase. The content of the taxonomic and biogeographic components still grows on a daily basis and efforts are being made to document traits information and to link all components with available literature.


The Bridge Creek Member of the Greenhorn Limestone and Fort Hays Member of the Niobrara Chalk comprise rhythmic sequences of bioturbated pelagic limestone or chalk beds that alternate with generally shaly interbeds. Within each member individual couplets are time parallel and can be traced with great precision for hundreds of kilometers. Certain of the Bridge Creek beds can be traced from northeastern Kansas to the Four Corners area, a distance exceeding 1000 km. Regional stratigraphic analysis of these remarkable bedding sequences permits integration of concepts generated by several students of pelagic sedimentary sequences into a comprehensive model. In the basin center, Bridge Creek rhythms resulted from dilution cycles wherein a background of pelagic sedimentation was punctuated by episodes of increased siliciclastic influx and water column stratification. Consequent development of oxygen-depleted bottom waters created high potential for preservation of laminae and organic matter in shaly interbeds. Within a given couplet, predominating influence of western siliciclastic source areas is evident in westward decrease of carbonate content in both bioturbated limestones and shaly interbeds, disappearance of one and then another of the limestone beds, and increase in abundance of the coarse detrital fraction. Toward the east, both bioturbated limestones and shaly interbeds grade progressively into chalky lithotypes. At some point where effects of detrital-dilution episodes were minimal and the water was probably shallower, stratification of the water column was not possible, and interbeds are not only thinner but also bioturbated. Because of erosion this facies is not preserved in the Bridge Creek interval of Kansas, but it is exemplified there by the Fort Hays Member. Still farther eastward, where detrital influx was negligible, most of the Bridge Creek equivalent comprises a massive, bioturbated chalk sequence that lacks interbeds. This facies is preserved in northwestern Iowa. In condensed sections, the Bridge Creek Member contains considerable skeletal grainstone that bespeaks improved benthic circulation, even during deposition of shaly interbeds. The condensed sections developed on seafloor highs that apparently presaged the Laramide orogeny. The foregoing interpretation of regional variations in the Bridge Creek Member is generally applicable to the less widespread Fort Hays rhythmic sequence, in which simple dilution cycles seem to have predominated.


The development of a novel complex system is often cost-prohibitive. One reason for this, is that system-level performance can typically only be evaluated once all subsystems have been designed; and therefore, it is difficult to iterate on full system prototypes. Subsystem isolation is a well-established prototyping method to enable efficient design at both the system and subsystem levels. In this process, a complex system is partitioned into manageable subsystems that are subsequently designed in detail. Subsystem isolation permits rapid, low-cost iteration which is known as a critical driver of prototype performance. This paper provides an exploration of the role of partitioning in subsystem isolation prototyping through a review of methods and an applied case study. The paper reviews two topics related to subsystem isolation prototyping: 1) partitioning approaches and 2) strategies for iteration at the system versus subsystem level. Methods from design theory, systems engineering, and multi-domain optimization are reported. The case study explored subsystem prototyping in the design and construction of an electric in space propulsion test facility utilized in DoD research. The case study is used to demonstrate the processes involved in system partitioning methods and subsystem level design. These approaches allow designers to efficiently explore options for architecture-level design, without expending unnecessary resources on iterations of the integrated system.


ir distribution for large spaces has both good and bad news. The good news is that because the spaces are so large, air distribution is spread out over a large area. Localized problems are therefore unlikely. The bad news is that because the spaces are large, diffusers cannot be located everywhere. Most of the selection process for large spaces involves experience and jet mapping. The standard commercial office axioms based on ADPI and diffuser throw vs. spacing are not applicable. Rather, jet projections are analyzed and diffusers selected accordingly. There are a couple of basic principles in analyzing airflows in any space. The first basic rule is Newton's gravitational observations: Hot air rises and cold air falls. The question is, of course, how much? The second rule is that the air follows basic rules of jet theory. Air in a free jet, as opposed to one that is constrained along a surface, acts pretty much independent of the supply outlet isovel (or air pattern). Once those two principles are understood, predictions of airflow can be made with a high degree of confidence. Temperature effects are very predictable. Hot air rises and cold air falls. Momentum and velocity temper this effect. The slower the air, the greater the buoyancy effect. Generally speaking , air velocities above 150 fpm (0.76 m/s) are not affected by temperature differences. A simple rule of thumb for slower jets is that the throw to a terminal velocity of 75 fpm (0.4 m/s) changes about 1% /°F (2% /°C) temperature difference. (Throw is the distance for a jet to reach a stated terminal velocity.) A downward jet of cold air will travel further than isothermal air. A downward jet of hot air will not travel as far as isothermal air. Figure 1 shows this effect. This chart can be used several ways: 1. If the outlet discharge velocity and flow rate are known, the chart can be used to estimate the downward vertical projection of a jet to 50 fpm (0.25 m/s) terminal velocity (T 50), for various temperature differences between the discharge jet and the ambient or room temperature. For example, for an isothermal 1,000 cfm (470 L/s) jet with a 1,000 fpm (5 m/s) discharge velocity, the distance to 50 fpm (0.25 m/s) will be about 28 ft (9 m). 2. Because the buoyancy effect is a function only of temperature , the chart can …


This article discusses Old English translation vocabulary with special reference to the evidence provided by the Dictionary of Old English Corpus (DOEC). Terms connected with glossing have, however, been excluded from the discussion. The article throws light on the special characteristics of the Old English translation terminology: its onomasiological diversity, its dependence on Latin models and its polysemous nature. With certain lexemes, the boundary between translating, interpreting, expounding and narrating is extremely fluid.


This is the latest of a series of reviews focused on the analysis of genotoxic impurities. This review summarises the analytical approaches reported in the literature relating to hydrazine, hydrazines, hydrazides and hydrazones. It is intended to provide guidance for analysts needing to develop procedures to control such impurities, particularly where this is due to concerns relating to their potential genotoxicity. vailable online 13 November 2010


Open-shell phosphanyl complexes (OC)5W{(Me3Si)2HCP(X)} (X = F, H), obtained by one-electron oxidation of lithium phosphanido complexes, were trapped by TEMPO to yield novel thermally labile P-nitroxyl phosphane complexes. First experimental evidence for an open-shell P-F phosphanoxyl complex (OC)5W{(Me3Si)2HCP(O)F}, formed upon thermolysis of corresponding P-nitroxyl derivative, is reported; reaction pathways are also theoretically investigated.


Lower Urinary tract symptom (LUTS) is a common presentation among elderly patients particularly in men in urology clinical practice. Evaluation and treatment of LUTS is a major consideration and IPSS score and ultrasound KUBP are routine investigations for assessment of such patients. There is a controversy on relationship between IPSS score and the prostate volume in the literature. The objective is to evaluate the relationship between IPSS and prostate volume in patients with LUTS. There is a significant relationship between IPSS and prostate volume measured through abdominal ultrasound. The Total IPSS increases with the prostate volume (r=0.223, p<0.003). But there was no statistically significant difference between mild, moderate and severe IPSS in relation to prostate volume.


Architectural design study is subjective. In order to aid a new pedagogy that welcomes the diversity of design approaches, the research project funded by Taylor's University incorporates teacher-learner partnerships in curriculum design. Engaging students as partners (SaP) in teaching and learning is an emerging yet contested topic in higher education. The research aims to offer learner-led pedagogy through engaging the SaP. Initially the research offers a critical discourse on various perspectives on design studio teaching pedagogy involving tools, teachers, and procedures. Later moves onto a series of studio observations and interviews with students, made for two consecutive semesters at Taylor's and University Malaya. By keeping the learners at the core, SaP, the subjectivity of designers brought to main focus. The contribution of the paper is a learner-led new pedagogy, on e-learning, for the emerging young learners. The significance is to offer tools for exploring originality in design and therefore to empower the budding designers, the learners in architecture.


Determining an accurate first arrival time of P wave and S wave is very important in locating microseismic events,and manual picking is extremely time-consuming and subjective.An automatic two-step method based on after-term average over before-term average ratio(ATA/BTA) and the Akaike Information criterion(AIC) is developed.The ATA/BTA is used to detect the event and the AIC is utilized for picking.The method can attenuate the impact of window length and improve the precision of picking.The examination of the algorithm in different window lengths and various SNR environments by using the real data proves its effectiveness and practicability.


PHD Virtual, which was acquired last week by Unitrends, has released PHD Virtual Backup for Hyper-V. The Product, which is available for free is build ...


Switched-current (SI) techniques for modern short-range wireless filters are described. The cascoded Class-AB SI is employed for improved memory accuracy with minimum loss of overall performance. With emphasis on low power, a multirate SI scheme that features order reduction and simple interfacing of the continuous-time anti-alias filter to the sampled data SI filter is introduced. Implemented using a 3-V 0.35-mum digital CMOS process, the fifth-order complex bandpass SI filter was designed and optimized at 2.0-V supply voltage for Bluetooth application with 1-MHz center frequency and 1.2-MHz bandwidth. It has a voltage gain of 20.5 dB and achieves an image rejection of 45 dB, a spurious-free dynamic range of 64 dB and the signal-to-noise ratio of 67 dB


We investigated whether or not an association could be found between mammary tumours and prior clinical use of medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) in bitches. A population‐based retrospective agematched case‐control study was designed based on interviews with the owners of the bitches. The proportion of bitches with diagnosed mammary tumours (group MT+, n = 98) that had received progestin injections was compared with the proportion in a control group without mammary tumours (group MT‐, n=98). In the case group 39%, and in the control group 21% of the bitches had been treated with MPA. A significantly higher number of bitches with mammary tumours had been exposed to progestins, compared with the control group without mammary tumours (odds ratio = 2.32, Chisquare=7.01, p=0.008). Bitches treated clinically with low doses of MPA to avoid oestrus were at a greater risk of developing mammary tumours, the majority of which were histologically malignant (91%).


This paper presents the AdaptCache project. AdaptCache is an adaptive caching middleware for application servers that monitors the current workload and generates policies to distribute and/or replicate objects and requests among the local caches of application servers so that most requests can be executed on locally cached objects and, at the same time, the load will be evenly distributed among servers. The project is divided into two main phases. The first one, which is described in detail in this paper, tackles the problem of dynamically distributing objects and requests for volatile and fluctuating e-commerce applications. Several data distribution approaches based on graph partitioning are proposed. The approaches are compared using the YCSB and RUBiS benchmarks showing that AdaptCache is able to dynamically capture various workload changes and react quickly to these changes. The second phase of the AdaptCache project explores data replication for distributed object caches. It discusses the advantages of object replication such as increased locality but also possible overheads due to consistency requirements and space limitations. Any dynamic replication solution must take these issues into account.


Growing evidence indicates that neighborhoods affect human capital accumulation, raising concern that the exclusionary effects of housing discrimination could contribute to persistent inequality in the United States. Using data from HUD's most recent Housing Discrimination Study and microlevel data on neighborhood attributes in 28 US cities, we find that minorities are steered toward neighborhoods with less economic opportunity and greater exposures to crime and pollution. Holding preferences and income constant, discriminatory steering alone can explain a disproportionate number of minority households found in high-poverty neighborhoods in the United States and the higher exposure of African American mothers to toxic pollutants.


The management of hyperthyroidism in the pregnant woman has been the topic of several recent reviews (1–6) and case series (7–8). These papers have discussed maternal-fetal thyroid relationships, the epidemiology of maternal hyperthyroidism, causes of gestational thyrotoxicosis, the clinical and laboratory diagnosis of hyperthyroidism in pregnancy, therapy with ATDs, surgery, b adrenergic blocking drugs, and iodides, as well as the consequences of inadvertent radioiodine therapy and the implications of breast feeding. The purpose of this discussion is to provide an in depth examination of the use of ATDs in the pregnant hyperthyroid woman, rather than to present comprehensive guidelines for the treatment of hyperthyroidism during pregnancy furnished in other reviews (1–6). The subject continues to engender controversy because of the lack of prospective clinical trials and the relative rarity of the condition, occurring in only 1 of 1000–2000 pregnancies (7, 8). With more women receiving radioiodine before conception, the frequency may be even lower in the future.


Based on virtual reality technology, a friendly human-computer interaction interface and virtual machining environment were programmed by using Visual C++ and OpenGL. Taken sphere as basic shape of abrasive grain and distributed it randomly on the wheel base, then the model of virtual grinding wheel was built. Mathematic model of interference between abrasive grain and workpiece was built. Surface grinding processes with different machining parameters were simulated dynamically, thus grinding performance of virtual grinding wheel was evaluated. The results show that the simulation could basically reflect the variation of workpiece surface profile. So the simulation process could be used as a complemental method to forecast surface roughness in actual abrasive machining.


The authors describe a rare case of bilateral membranous conjunctivitis associated with dermatomyositis. The etiology and pathogenesis are discussed in relation to the histological findings.


The effect of heat treatment or processing method on microstructure, mechanical properties and phase formation in Ti-6Al-4V alloys has been researched. The alloys in as-delivered, annealed, quenched and suction cast conditions were investigated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) and synchrotron X-ray diffraction (SXRD) analysis. The different processing- or heat treatment routes lead to significant changes in the phase composition. The quenched and suction cast alloys exhibited a mixture of martensitic α′ / α″ and BCC β phase. In annealed and as-delivered alloys α′ + β phase mixtures was detected. The properties of alloys strongly depend on heat treatment and / or processing route.


This paper focuses on the use of vague discourse in planning. Early contributions identified vagueness as a 'problem' to be solved so as to avoid potential misunderstandings and conflicts. This paper adopts the complementary point of view whereby vagueness can also be a 'resource', that is, a strategy used by actors in adverse circumstances. A systematic analysis of the texts and illustrations of 36 urban transport plans shows that vagueness is an essential ingredient. It is used mainly as a way to hedge against unwanted public commitments in the context of major uncertainties and tension between actors.


The EU emissions trading scheme (ETS) taking effect in 2005 covers CO2 emissions from specific large-scale industrial activities and combustion installations. A large number of existing and potential future combined heat and power (CHP) installations are subject to ETS and targeted for emissions reduction. CHP production is an important technology for efficient and clean provision of energy because of its superior carbon efficiency. The proper planning of emissions trading can help its potential into full play, making it become a true ''winning technology'' under ETS. Fuel mix or fuel switch will be the reasonable choices for fossil fuel based CHP producers to achieve their emissions targets at the lowest possible cost. In this paper we formulate CO2 emissions trading planning of a CHP producer as a multi-period stochastic optimization problem and propose a stochastic simulation and coordination approach for considering the risk attitude of the producer, penalty for excessive emissions, and the confidence interval for emission estimates. In test runs with a realistic CHP production model, the proposed solution approach demonstrates good trading efficiency in terms of profit-to-turnover ratio. Considering the confidence interval for emission estimates can help the producer to reduce the transaction costs in emissions trading. Comparisons between fuel switch and fuel mix strategies show that fuel mix can provide good tradeoff between profit-making and emissions reduction. � 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.


stimulate students interest in learning, improve the overall quality and training of qualified vocational students, is the primary task of vocational language teaching. Establish a correct perception, combined with professional features, careful development of teaching materials for students, consider the student's specific condition, view the student as the host, to stimulate and cultivate interest in language learning, to promote overall quality improvement of vocational students.


Acute abdomen holds great expressiveness in midsize and major emergency surgical clinic services worldwide. This 229 cases retrospective study aimed to verify the epidemiology and mortality of acute abdomen in a university hospital. The larger prevalence found in inflammatory acute abdomen matches with data observed in literature, displaying the lowest mean age, lowest lenght of hospital stay and lowest mortality rate. Obstructive acute abdomen and vascular acute abdomen showed the highest mean ages, lenght of hospital stay and mortality rates.


With the growing popularity of digital Medias through the WWW, intellectual property needs copyright protection, prevention of illegal copying and verification of content integrity. The new data hiding techniques need to be developed that satisfy the requirements of imperceptibility, robustness, capacity, or data hiding rate and security of the hidden data in order to keep the distribution of digital multimedia work both profitable for the document owner and reliable for the customer. Previous research (01) indicates that significant portions of the host image, e.g. the low frequency components, have to be modified in order to embed the information in a reliable and robust way. This led to the development of watermarking schemes embedding in the frequency domain. The wavelet transform has the number of advantages over other transforms such as the DCT that can be exploited for both, image compression and watermarking applications. Therefore it is imperative to consider the wavelet transform domain for watermarking applications.


This book provides empirical findings regarding private accommodation services and customer satisfaction. It is inspired by privatisation of accommodation service provision in Uganda and indeed in most of the countries. It discusses accommodation service quality requirements necessary to generate customer satisfaction and loyalty. Private accommodation provision is a business in many higher education institutions that is heavily dependent on customer satisfaction in a free market system. Reliability, security and tangibles were found to be significant contributors of customer satisfaction. Students are objective consumers whose interests should be considered for accommodation business progress and growth. Capacity should be built among the employees at private accommodation facilities or hostels by retraining them in relevant skills to provide a quality service that has value for money. Management should periodically monitor the private accommodation facilities or hostels and make control for good accommodation service provision. This is a book you cannot miss reading.


Digital close-range photogrammetry is a non-destructive method for digital 3D reconstruction acquirement of measured object or product. During the experiment execution we can use it for measuring field of displacements while loading. In numerical simulation we can use it for definition of percise basic geometry of investigated object (product) and preparation of finite element mesh. This gives us a possibility to use digital close-range photogrammetry for computer modeling, where the resposes under arbitrary loads are investigated and optimization of shape or topology is preformed.

In diploma thesis the technology of close range photogrammetry is used in experimental test and numerical simulation in the example of sky dome. The experimetal test, where displacements were measured, was held in Slovenian National Building and Civil Engineering Institute in Ljubljana. The measurements of basic geometry were further used in numerical simulation of experimental test with finite element method in computer program Abaqus. The comparison between the results of experimental test and numerical simulation is also presented.


PurposeOne of the most critical changes to academic library services in the last decade has been the development and implementation of research data services (RDS). This paper seeks to provide a comprehensive understanding of conceptual models for the RDS space.Design/methodology/approachAn extensive and comprehensive review of the literature on conceptual models for RDS is performed.FindingsVarious conceptual models for RDS provide a compelling tool for guiding and evaluating RDS development and implementation within academic libraries.Originality/valueAn insightful review and synthesis of context and issues in RDS models will help academic libraries to plan, develop and advance their RDS.


Policymakers have used the rhetoric of "war" throughout the past century to describe a major governmental or societal effort to combat an evil that threatens society, national security or other communal good. It is both a rhetorical tool and a resource mobilization, and above all a coalescing of authority to meet the challenge, whether poverty, drugs or – most recently – terrorism. Soon after 9/11 made al Qaeda a household word, the Bush Administration characterized U.S. efforts to defeat al Qaeda as the "War on Terror." Here, however, the terminology of "war" goes far beyond rhetoric, resource re-allocation and centralizing of authority. When it goes hand-in-hand with domestic and transnational counterterrorism operations and major military operations, this "war" rhetoric also has significant consequences for the protection and content of basic rights and values.Indeed, the "War on Terror" rhetoric has facilitated and encouraged the growth of authority without the corresponding spread of obligation. Drone strikes, indefinite detention, prosecution of crimes like conspiracy and material support for terrorism in military commissions – these practices and others raise significant questions about the application of domestic and international law to counterterrorism operations, the long-term impact on executive authority, and the role of national security as a "trump card."


Nursing procedures that are routinely performed in the intensive care unit (ICU) are assumed to have minimal side effects. However, these procedures may sometimes cause physiological changes that negatively affect the patient. We hypothesized that physiological changes associated with routine nursing procedures in the ICU are common.


A27-year-oldAsianwomanwasadmittedtothehospi-tal for swelling of her legs over the previous 2 to 3 days. Aprimigravida, she was 30 weeks pregnant. She had beenwell and had no prior history of hypertension, diabetes,or renal disease. She saw her physician every month andhad had no previous swelling. Her prior blood pressuremeasurements and urinalyses had been normal. The ini-tial serum creatinine when she was 6 weeks pregnant was0.6 mg/dL. When she saw her obstetrician the morningof admission, she felt otherwise well. The examinationwas unremarkable except for a blood pressure of 160/100 mm Hg, which was unchanged 30 minutes later,and significant pretibial edema. Her reflexes were nor-mal. Urinalysis demonstrated 3+ protein without blood,sugar, leukocytes, or nitrate. Laboratory tests revealeda serum creatinine of 0.9 mg/dL, uric acid of 5.0 mg/dL,andnormalcoagulationstudiesandliverenzymes.Aspoturine protein-to-creatinine ratio was 1.8.The patient was admitted to the hospital for bed rest.Fetal ultrasound showed the fetus to be without defect;


The emergence of WiMAX has attracted significant interest from all the fields of wireless communication including students, researchers, system engineers and operators. Developing an understanding of the WiMAX system can be best achieved by looking at a model of the WiMAX system. Standards from IEEE and ETSL have been used to develop this model. The model presented in this paper built with generic MAC PDU processed by the Physical Layer convolution encoding with QPSK modulation and transmitted with 256 carrier OFDM symbols. The trend of wireless and in addition of internet everyone wants the higher speed and mobility. So one must require wireless broadband networks with higher data rates. WiMAX will give the solution of higher data rate and 7 to 11 Km mobility. In this paper we deal with the physical layer of WiMAX system. This model is very useful to analyse the WiMAX system. We use OFDM and OFDMA for WiMAX system to get better performance and mobility with higher data rate.


Thank you very much for downloading gnostic ethics and mandaean origins. Maybe you have knowledge that, people have look numerous times for their favorite readings like this gnostic ethics and mandaean origins, but end up in malicious downloads. Rather than enjoying a good book with a cup of tea in the afternoon, instead they juggled with some harmful virus inside their laptop. gnostic ethics and mandaean origins is available in our book collection an online access to it is set as public so you can get it instantly. Our book servers saves in multiple countries, allowing you to get the most less latency time to download any of our books like this one. Kindly say, the gnostic ethics and mandaean origins is universally compatible with any devices to read.


THE TERM "SOLUBLE OIL," whilst well established in engineering practice is a misnomer, the oils are not soluble but emsulifiable and are blends of mineral oil with a suitable emulsifier. To illustrate this it might even be said that a very crude soluble oil is formed when soap is rubbed into oily hands. Certainly a crude emulsion results when the hands are subsequently rinsed. Modern soluble cutting oils are much more complex than this, the emulsifier usually consisting of a blend of petroleum sulphonates with soaps of fatty acids. Since this emulsifier may not readily form a homogeneous blend with the mineral oil some "coupling" or "linking" agent is often necessary to prevent separation and to ensure rapid and even dispersion of the oil when it is added to water.


Ethanol interferes with several brain functions, namely with specific neurotransmission processes. Depletion of brain 5‐hydroxytryptamine (5‐HT) impairs the acquisition of tolerance to ethanol or facilitates its loss, while activation of 5‐HT brain transmission facilitates tolerance development and decreases ethanol consumption. One hypothesis which has been put towards is that genetically determined low 5‐HT brain levels may be related to a predisposition to alcoholism. Acute ethanol intake transiently increases brain 5‐HT turnover; therefore, ethanol consumption might be hypothesized as an attempt to correct a deficit of 5‐HT brain transmission. The findings that administration of selective 5‐HT neuronal uptake blockers (zimelidine, citalopram, fluvoxamine and fluoxetine) decrease ethanol intake has given further support to this hypothesis. However, the time course of this effect is different from the antidepressant action described for these compounds. Also, there is evidence to suggest that lower doses of the 5‐HT uptake blockers are needed in order to reduce ethanol intake in alcoholic patients; this, however, requires further investigation. Interestingly, other clinical entities which have been found to be associated with a hypothetical dysfunction in 5‐HT brain transmission, such as obsessive compulsive disorder, panic disorder and some forms of depression, have also been associated with alcoholism, and seem to respond as well to 5‐HT neuronal uptake blockers.


I consider hard bop to be a musical facet of the freedom movement–an extension particularly of the idea of direct action into the realm of structurally improvised music. The hard bop group, with its loose, spontaneous interplay and its firm sense of a collective groove, modeled a dynamic community that was democratic in ways that took exception to the supposedly benign normalcy of 1950s America. (6) Saul's expansive study draws its name from Ralph Ellison's Invisible Man, from a sermon delivered by a preacher that uses the rhetorical ideas of "black is" and "black ain't" to problematize assumptions about racial identity. Saul borrows this notion, arguing that "jazz of the 1950s and 1960s was marked by an Ellisonian recognition of both the strength of African-American culture and the futility of race-hardened thinking, and was energized by an Ellisonian desire to marry virtuosity and community involvement" (xiii-xiv). Saul's project rests within an interdisciplinary discourse which calls upon jazz praxis to help illuminate processes of transformation in African American cultural and racial identity. Two studies that are closely related to Saul's work include Eric Porter's What is This Thing Called Jazz? African American Musicians as Artists, Critics, and Activists and Frank Kofsky's John Coltrane and the Jazz Revolution of the 1960s. Saul's frequent reference to the genre of hard bop in the historical development of the jazz tradition owes much to David H. Rosenthal's Hard Bop: Jazz & Black Music 1955-1965. Saul's title also inevitably places his work in the context of John Litweiler's 1984 book The Freedom Principle: Jazz After 1958, which explores the notion of "freedom" in jazz and casts a wider net than Saul's text does.


The distribution and  relative  frequency Qf gut endQcrine  cells  were  studied  in nectarivorous bats, Anoura caudifer and  frugi −nectarivorous  bats, Carollia perspicillata by immunohistochemistry , Five kinds of  endocrine  cells  immunoreactive for either  serotonin , somatostatin , gastrin , enteroglucagon  or bovine pancreatic polypeptide(BPP ),were  observed in the stomach . Serotonin −inlmunoreactive (IR)cells were  abundant  in the cardiac , fundic and  pyloric glands, whereas gastrin−IR cells  were  very  numerous  and somatostatin ・IR cel 工s were  abundant in the pyloric glands. A  few enteroglucagon − and  BPP −IR cells were found only in the fundic and  cardiac glands, respectively . In addition  to the five immunoreactive cell types observed in the stomach , endocrine  cells  immunoreactive for motilin , ga$tric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP ) and  neurotensin  were  detected in the intestine . SerotQnin .IR ce11s  were  most  abundant  a1Dng  the Iength of the intestine . Serotonin−, sQmatostatin , gastrin − and  BPP −IR cells also  were found in Brunners glands .


URINARY diversion is essential for the management of certain urologic disorders of childhood. Implantation of the ureters into an isolated segment of ileum, with restoration of intestinal continuity, has found wide application since it was popularized by Bricker1 in 1950. Most reports2 3 4 5 6 have referred primarily to the ileal conduit in adults as a method of urinary diversion associated with the treatment of pelvic cancer. The nature of such underlying diseases and their complications has limited evaluation of the long-term effects of the ileal conduit procedure per se. In children, diversion is most often done for benign diseases involving urinary-tract dysfunction, . . .


The effect of Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME) on the physicochemical and biological properties of Petroleum impacted Orashi-River Wetland soil was investigated in Egbema. Varying amounts (10L, 15L, 20L, and 25L) of petroleum were applied on plots of 3m uniformly before amending with 5L of POME. The POME had 0.83% (NO), PO 0.513), Total Solids (37mg) and TOC (9.4). The metallic elements were K (0.30mgKg), Ca (0.23gKg) and Mg (0.50mgKg). The soil metallic components (Mg, Ca and K) and temperature were statistically unchanged after 90 days bioremediation time (P = 0.05). The organic matter, total NO3, and total PO4 were significantly increased after bioremediation above the control soil values. The populations of bacterial groups (Total Heterotrophic Bacteria (THB); Nitrifying bacterial (NB), Phosphate Solublizing Bacteria (PSB), Petroleum Utilizing (PUB) and Lipolytic Bacteria (LB) decreased significantly after oil impaction and amendment but rose above the control after the remediation period. Though bacterial loads of 20L and 25L impacted soil improved, they were still below those of the control soil. The enzymatic activities followed the bacterial population trend. Dehydrogenase activity decreased with the population of the producing organisms (THB) just like lipase (LB). Phenol oxidase and the phosphatase correlated positively with changes in pH values. Urease activity was correlated positively with the nitrifying bacterial count. 10L oil impacted soil showed the best remediation status followed by the 15L oil impacted soil while the above 20L oil impacted areas still had values significantly below the control. POME therefore increased growth rate of oil degrading bacterial in the wetland soil of Egbema. However, high volume of oil impaction required higher values of POME and time. Key words; Oil Palm, Pollution, Bacteria, Soil, enzyme, waste. Corresponding author; V.C. Nwaugo; firstname.lastname@example.com; 2348130746723. Introduction Nigeria, like all other crude oil producing countries benefits, as well as suffers from the adverse effects of the exploration and exploitation activities. A major adverse effect of oil production is the spillage, whose clean-up and remediaton processes tend to also affect the environment adversely too (Tanee and Kinako, 2008; Nwaugo et al., 2007ab, 2009). Several methods have been applied in the remediation of oil impacted sites including physical, chemical and biological approaches (Lin and Mendelsson, 1998). Bioremediation has been acclaimed as the best approach (Tanee and Albert, 2011; Nwaugo et al., 2009). The process is dependent on ABSU Journal of Environment, Science and Technology, Vol. 1: 37-47, 2011


The gastric acid response to graded doses of insulin given by continuous infusion was studied in four dogs, each surgically provided with a gastric fistula. All doses of insulin resulted in a prolonged plateau of hypoglycaemia and the degree of hypoglycaemia correlated significantly (p <0·05) with the insulin dose, up to 0·15 u/kg hr. Similarly, graded doses of insulin (up to 0·15 u/kg hr) produced graded acid responses and both the peak acid output and the total acid output correlated significantly with blood glucose changes. No initial inhibitory phase of acid secretion followed the start of the infusion, but a dose-related delay in the onset of the acid response was observed. Our results indicate that insulin provides a quantitative glycopenic stimulus producing a quantitative vagal acid response.


Objective:To determine the expression of matrix metalloproteinase-7(MMP-7) for investigating the possible role of MMP-7 in the pathogenesis of endometriosis.Methods:Endometrial specimens were obtained from 27 cases with endometriosis and 20 of normal uterus tissues as control. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR) was used to detect the mRNA expression of MMP-7 in both groups.Results:①The relative amount of MMP-7 mRNA in ectopic endometrium was significantly higher than that of the controls(0.6981±0.2351 vs. 0.5250±0.1931)(P0.05).②The density of MMP-7 mRNA expression in ectopic endometrium tended to be up-regulated with advanced clinical stage of endometriosis, but there was no marked difference in statistics(P0.05).Conclusion:The higher expression of MMP-7 mRNA in ectopic endometrium suggests that it may be responsible for the development of endometriosis.


Pairing lithium and manganese(II) to form lithium manganate [Li 2 Mn(CH 2 SiMe 3 ) 4 ] ( 2b ) enables the efficient direct Mn-I exchange of aryliodides, affording transient (aryl)lithium manganate intermediates which in turn undergo spontaneous C-C homocoupling at room temperature to furnish a range of symmetrical (bis)aryls in good yields under mild reaction conditions. Combining EPR with X-ray crystallographic studies light has been shone on the mixed Li/Mn constitution of the organometallic intermediates involved in these reactions, including the homocoupling step which had previously been thought to occur via single-metal Mn aryl species. These studies have illuminated how Li and Mn work together in a synergistic manner to facilitate both the Mn-I exchange and the C-C bond forming steps. Both steps are carefully synchronised, with the alkyliodide ICH 2 SiMe 3  concomitantly generated during the Mn-I exchange, being essential to enable the aryl homocoupling process by acting as an in-situ generated oxidant.


The projection pursuit cluster(PPC) model is very popular in application of multi-factor cluster analysis with satisfactory results.While it still has shortage such as inadequate experience to valuate the parameter of density bandwidth.To solve the problem,in this paper,the ideas of PPC and dynamic cluster method were combined together to set up a new model,the projection pursuit dynamic cluster(PPDC).During the whole calculation process of the new model,no factitious evaluation parameters were needed.The clustering result was objective and clear.A case of application for assessment of slope stability showed that the PPDC model is not only feasible and effective,but also stable and easy to operate in practice.PPDC model provided a new method for multifactor cluster analysis,and it would have a good prospect of wide application.


This paper compares various types of current controller, including a novel method based on flux control. A PI control method is used initially, to control the current in a permanent magnet machine. The performance of this simple PI loop is presented. Various improvements to the PI controller are investigated and the change in performance examined. A new current control scheme based on a flux linkage model of the machine is introduced. The performance of the model based control is demonstrated and compared with the performance of the PI current controller. Factors affecting the accuracy of the model based control are given. By incorporating these factors into the model, the performance of the flux controller is further enhanced.


An experimental recent study by Shiri et al. using laser Doppler anemometry showed that the growth rate enhancement due to swirl (c.f.\ Gilchrist, Naughton) does not persist in the far-field of a swirling jet flow with moderate swirl numbers (0.15 and 0.25). The results were consistent with the equilibrium similarity theory of Ewing in which the mean swirl velocity was argued to decrease downstream as $1/(x-x_o)^2$, while the mean stream-wise velocity decreased as $1/(x-x_o)$. The investigation included all three velocity components of the turbulence quantities at a swirl number of $S=0.25$, and all moments to third order were obtained (except those involving both the azimuthal and radial components simultaneously). As noted by George, if there were an effect of the source conditions on the similarity profiles, it is in the second and higher moment profiles where it would be expected to appear. The second and third-order moments are quite close to the earlier non-swirling results; some are collapsing perfectly, others have a slight difference. Regardless, the results are of considerable interest, since many of the quantities measured are those which must be modeled in all second-order closure models. This evaluation is of particular interest since both the mean azimuthal and mean radial velocities were obtained directly, meaning that both continuity and momentum balances were possible. The primary goal of this paper was originally to carry out such evaluations, but that work is still in progress. Here the swirl is shown to have a negligible effect on the overall Reynolds normal and shear stress balances.


Validation of a framework for unsaturated soil behaviour has frequently resulted in disagreement with basic propositions. A primary reason for this disparity is considered to be attributable to the...


A simple and convenient analytical method for simultaneous multielement determination of soil and rock samples has been investigated by inductively coupled plasma emission spectrometry. Spectral interferences due to major elements were examined in detail, and the correction coefficients for minor and trace elements were estimated for correction of matrix effects. The determinations of minor and trace elements as well as major elements could be performed without matrix matching of the standard solutions. The present method investigated has been applied to the analysis of various soil and rock samples, and the analytical results have been compared with those obtained by atomic absorption spectrometry.


The article reports the results of three studies designed to extend the psychometric analyses of cultural intelligence (CQ) and to examine its utility in the prediction of cross-cultural adaptation. The first study supported the proposed four-factor (Cognitive, Meta-cognitive, Motivational, and Behavioral) structure of CQ in a large sample of international students (N = 346). The second study (N = 118) revealed a strong correlation (r = .82) between CQ and emotional intelligence and failed to support the incremental validity of CQ scores in the prediction of psychological, sociocultural, and academic adaptation in international students. The final study (N = 102) established discriminant validity (r = .04) between scores of CQ and a test of general cognitive ability (Raven's Advanced Progressive Matrices) and convergent validity across scores of the CQ and Multicultural Personality Questionnaire subscales; however, CQ scores did not demonstrate additional incremental validity in the prediction of adaptive outcomes. The results are discussed in relation to issues arising from the use of self-report measures for the assessment of cultural intelligence and the utility of the CQ measure in international and intercultural settings.


The decomposition and reduction of ferrocene, an important precursor for iron chemical vapor deposition and catalyst for nanotube synthesis, is investigated in the gas‐phase. Reactive intermediates are detected to understand the underlying chemistry by using a microreactor coupled to a synchrotron light source. Utilizing soft photoionization coupled with photoelectron‐photoion coincidence detection enables us to characterize exclusive intermediates isomer‐selectively. A reaction mechanism for the ferrocene decomposition is proposed, which proceeds as a two‐step process. Initially, the molecule decomposes in a homogeneous surface reaction at temperatures <900 K, leading to products such as cyclopentadiene and cyclopentadienyl radicals that are immediately released to the gas‐phase. At higher temperatures, ferrocene rapidly decomposes in the gas‐phase, losing two cyclopentadienyl radicals in conjunction with iron. The addition of hydrogen to the reaction mixture reduces the decomposition temperature, and changes the branching ratio of the products. This change is mainly attributed to the H‐addition of cyclopentadienyl radicals on the surface, which leads to a release of cyclopentadiene into the gas‐phase. On the surface, ligand fragments may also undergo a series of catalytic H‐losses leading most probably to a high carbon content in the film. Finally, Arrhenius parameters for both global reactions are presented.


BACKGROUND
Clinically, early life stress and anxiety disorders are associated with increased vulnerability for alcohol use disorders. In male rats, early life stress, imparted by adolescent social isolation, results in long-lasting increases in a number of behavioral risk factors for alcoholism, including greater anxiety-like behaviors and ethanol (EtOH) intake. Several recent studies have begun to use this model to gain insight into the relationships among anxiety measures, stress, EtOH intake, and neurobiological correlates driving these behaviors. As prior research has noted significant sex differences in the impact of adolescent stress on anxiety measures and EtOH drinking, the current study was conducted to determine if this same model produces an "addiction vulnerable" phenotype in female rodents.

METHODS
Female Long Evans rats were socially isolated (SI; 1/cage) or group housed (GH; 4/cage) for 6 weeks during adolescence. After this housing manipulation, behavioral assessment was conducted using the elevated plus maze, response to novelty in an open field environment, and the light/dark box. After behavioral testing, home cage EtOH drinking was assessed across an 8-week period.

RESULTS
No group differences were detected in any of the behavioral measures of unconditioned anxiety-like behavior. Greater EtOH intake and preference were observed in SI females but these differences did not persist.

CONCLUSIONS
The SI/GH model, which results in robust and enduring increases in anxiety measures and EtOH self-administration in male Long Evans rats, did not result in similar behavioral changes in female rats. These data, and that of others, suggest that adolescent social isolation is not a useful model with which to study neurobiological substrates linking antecedent anxiety and addiction vulnerability in female rats. Given the compelling epidemiological evidence that the relationship between chronic adolescent stress and alcohol addiction is particularly strong in women, there is clearly an urgent need to identify a more effective model with which to study these clinically important relationships in female rodents.


AbstractTo reduce the rate of collision accidents between mobile cranes and immobile obstacles in construction sites during lift operations, this paper develops a real-time automated anticollision system that can warn crane operators about potential collisions and automatically implement collision-avoidance strategies. This system does not require additional devices and can be installed in existing crane controllers. Before the lift operation, the location and shape data of all immobile objects in the work area are collected by a boom head and stored in track-sector database of the system based on the position parameters of the boom head. During the operation of the lift, the proposed system calculates a three-dimensional safe zone for the crane, including boom, cable, and lift object based on the object data in real time, and the movement and position of the crane including boom, cable, and lift object are consistently monitored and predicted in real time through weighted linear-regression models. If the...


In a graph, by deflnition, the weight of a (proper) coloring with positive integers is the sum of the colors. The chromatic sum is the minimum weight, taken over all the proper colorings. The minimum number of colors in a coloring of minimum weight is the cost chromatic number or strength of the graph. We derive general upper bounds for the strength, in terms of a new parameter of representations by edge intersections of hypergraphs.


The authors present a brief historical review of the most important contributions by Professor Elio Lugaresi, of the University of Bologna, Italy, to neurology and sleep disorders.


Abstract Studies on the processing of non-active (NACT) voice have indicated that passive sentences are more difficult to comprehend and require more time to process. Children with Reading Difficulties (RDs) face problems with sentence comprehension, which are often attributed to phonological processing, working memory, syntactic awareness limitations, or a maturation delay. Using an online self-paced reading task, we investigated the effect of voice morphology and argument structure on sentence processing in 3 groups of participants; 30 children RDs, 28 Age-Matched (AM) controls without RDs, and 28 young Beginning Readers (BRs). Our results suggest that although the RDs and BR groups present similar reading times, their reading patterns differ qualitatively. Beginning Readers experienced greater processing delays when processing NACT structures, suggesting that they have not yet fully grasped the properties of the various NACT verbs. However, the RDs group presents effects not found in the BR group; children with RDs were sensitive to the properties of the different types of NACT verbs showing (a) evidence that the language processor successfully engages in predictions based on the morphosyntactic and lexical characteristics of verbs and (b) preference for default/prototypical readings. These results point toward processing limitations that are greatly affected by syntactic complexity.


One class of binary stars, in which white dwarfs accrete material from low-mass companions, has long been predicted, but their dimness has made observations difficult. Evidence that they exist now comes from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey.


Abstract This poster presentation describes a project from an upper-level course on death and dying (part of a gerontology program at a small Midwest college). The course derives from the work of Phillipe Ariès's book, The Hour of Our Death. Ariès traced five patterns across time and showed why death had become an uncomfortable truth for those of us living now. In essence, death has been banished from our daily lives. Other research suggests that younger healthcare professionals are particularly uncomfortable interacting with dying clients and may withdraw from them at this important life juncture. Finally, frustration with textbook development of cultural approaches to dying and death (often varied cultural groups, e.g., Asian Americans, are lumped together as if all Asian-Americans share death related practices) led to design of this unique service-learning project. Students, and community members who are experts on various faith/cultural practices take part in a modified death café. Students from an OLLI program are invited to participate, too. We report on qualitative data taken from student reflections. Content analyses of reflective essays identified these themes: (a) new insights/questions about death encounters/attitudes/practices in America (b) willingness to assimilate and accommodate various aspects of other cultural approaches to death into one's own philosophy; (c) feelings of accomplishment/awareness of new skills in providing community-based support to people isolated during the pandemic; (d) understandings related to the importance/value of community service and civic engagement; and (e) new found comfort in openly discussing death concepts in this supportive environment.


The research consisted of three large stages. At the first stage 436 people have been examined; the infants nutrition character has been studied by the mothers questioning by interview. At the second and third stages 79 children have been examined; the basic and comparative groups have been formed depending on the infants feeding character at the first year of life; there has been made the assessment of physical development and factual nutrition; metabolic disorders have been revealed. There have been given new arguments on the support of breast feeding and the necessity of limiting of the use of unadapted milk products at the first life year.


In order to improve the reliability of power supply sonne for the security surveillance and control system,the photovoltaic and electric supply redundance system for surveillance and controlling device designed.Through studying the photovoltaic source concrete circs of devices locality and load characteristic and capability,the detailed parameters of photovoltaic were gained after rational designing and optimize calculating.The redundance system designed in this paper could meet the power supply of oil field security surveillance and controlling well.The result indicated the redundance system designed in this paper can run with economy and environmental protection and meet practical requirement.


The dynamic model and inverse model of a piezoceramic actuator were proposed to improve its control precision in a precision position system.According to the Weierstrass approximation theorem,the polynomials f(·) and g(·) in the Duhem function was developed,and the dynamic modeling of nonlinear parameters of the piezoceramic actuator was given by using recursive least squares to identify the model parameters and polynomial coefficients in the Duhem model.Then,an inverse dynamic modeling of the piezoceramic actuator was established based on identified results to simplify the unknown parameter computation process greatly.Finally,the dynamic inverse compensation was incorporated in a closed-loop PID controller to control the piezoceramic actuator.Experimental results indicate that the maximum absolute error with the inverse compensation is less than 0.8 μm and that with the inverse compensation and PID is less than 40 nm in an amplitude range of 200 μm.The experimental result shows that the proposed identification scheme has improved the nonlinear characteristic of the piezoceramic actuator effectively.


Origin-Destination (OD) matrices estimation is one of the key components in traffic planning and traffic control. Based on the maximum-entropy model, a solution by Genetic Algorithm (GA) is proposed. As an example the Guangzhou Neihuan Road traffic survey data is used to show the importance of current traffic counting points selecting principles. Two new principles are presented. Results show that this solution is able to solve the OD matrices estimation problem. The principles of setting traffic counting points tested in this paper play a very important role in the OD matrices estimation problem.


The superior feature of composites such as high stiffness against low density have impelled engineers to use this material in automotive, aerospace and building industries. In the past few decades, composites shell has found applications in storage tanks and transmission pipelines. Designing laminated composite shells is challenging because of the complex mechanical behavior when combining laminate and shell theories. In this paper, the study is focused on the effect of lamina thickness on performance of the GFRP cylinder. For this purpose two 12-ply GFRP cylinders are considered with ply sequences of [0/90/45]s. The lamina thicknesses of the composite shell are assumed to be 0.1, 0.5, 1 and 1.5 mm, to evaluation of the mechanical behaviors of the cylinders and identifying one with the highest strength. The 250 mm diameter cylinders are subjected to a uniform radial patch load. A code is written for the solution based on the shell theory and classical mechanics of laminated composite using MATLAB software. The results are validated by comparing the present results with those found in literature. A good correlation justifies the study being extended to include the study on the effect of ply and shell thickness. The procedure is recommended for design and optimization for strength of various sizes of composite pipes


Like m a n y neurosurgeons , we have been int r igued wi th the possibil i t ies of making addi t ional diagnost ic and t he r apeu t i c use of the 3-dimensional picture of a b ra in lesion displayed by a posi t ive an teropos ter ior and lateral bra in scan. I t seemed to us t h a t if such a p ic ture could be t ransferred accura te ly to s tereotaxic coordinates it would allow control led and repet i t ive access to the areas of posi t ive bra in scan seen in tumors and other pathological condi t ions of the central nervous sys tem w i thou t t he necess i ty of cont ras t neurorad iography to d isplay in ternal reference points. Our first a t t e m p t in th is d i rect ion was simply to super impose the an te ropos te r io r and lateral posi t ive bra in scan wi th the ear, nas ion and inion marked, over the an te ropos te r io r and lateral skull x-ray films of the same pa t i en t . These x-rays were taken wi th the p a t i e n t ' s head in a s tereotaxic frame. The center of t he posi t ive scan was then marked on the opera t ive skull films in the anteroposter ior and lateral projec t ion , and the coordinates of the s tereotaxic i n s t r n m e n t were set to this des ignated ta rge t . N o posi t ive biopsy was obta ined from inser t ion to this t a rge t po in t in spite of the fact t h a t the focal a rea of the posi t ive scan was ra ther large. W i t h a free h a n d insert ion, the t u m o r was t h e n encoun te red several centimeters f rom the previous ly selected t a rge t area. R a t h e r d isappoin ted wi th th is s imple b u t obviously inaccurate me thod , we proceeded next to design an i n s t rumen t a n d t echn ique to reduce such large errors. This d e v e l o p m e n t util ized componen t s of the B e n n e t t s tereotaxic appa ra tus 1 to which addi t ional i n s t r u m e n t a t i o n has been added for our purposes as descr ibed below.


This article examines the ways in which ghost stories by Robert Hichens (1864-1950) inhabit the repressive sexual climate that followed the imprisonment of Oscar Wilde in 1895. Through a close reading of Tongues of Conscience (1900) and particularly 'How Love Came to Professor Guildea', it argues that Hichens used the ghost story as a mask for more complex investigations of homoeroticism, desire, and denial, and that the 'morbidity' contemporary critics recognized but could not pin down is closely linked to the story's sexual ambivalence.


Studying conceptual change using embedding models has become increasingly popular in the Digital Humanities community while critical observations about them have received less attention. This paper investigates what the impact of known pitfalls can be on the conclusions drawn in a digital humanities study through the use case of "Racism". In addition, we suggest an approach for modeling a complex concept in terms of words and relations representative of the conceptual system. Our results show that different models created from the same data yield different results, but also indicate that using different model architectures, comparing different corpora and comparing to control words and relations can help to identify which results are solid and which may be due to artefact. We propose guidelines to conduct similar studies, but also note that more work is needed to fully understand how we can distinguish artefacts from actual conceptual changes.


Diabetic skin pruritus has a high morbidity and wide influence,the effective prevention and treatment for it has great significance.Preliminary basic and clinical trials suggest that acupuncture has the hypoglycemic effect,and transcutaneous electrical acupoint stimulation has more distinct advantages than traditional acupuncture for diabetic skin pruritus.According to the basis of preliminary studies,this paper put forward that the diabetic skin pruritus is taken as research objects,the methods of transcutaneous electrical acupoint stimulation are chosen and screened for effective acupuncture points,so as to provide clinical research thoughts for acupuncture in the intervention of diabetic skin pruritus.


OBJECTIVE To investigate the value of combined detection of fetal fibronectin of cervicovaginal secretion,interleukin-6 in predicting preterm delivery and chorioamnionitis.METHODS Cervicovaginal secretion samples were obtained from 105 patients with preterm labor(preterm group)and 105 pregnant women(control group) between the same gestational weeks,and the levels of FFN,IL-6 were measured by ELISA.RESULTS The FFN and IL-6 levels in preterm group were significantly higher than those in control group,the difference was statistically significant(t=10.52,6.73,P0.01).Chorioamnionitis in preterm group were 60 patients,while in the control group were 6 cases,the difference was statistically significant(χ2=64.43,P0.01).The sensitivity in predicting chorioamnionitis and the negative predictive value were higher with FFN than those with IL-6,but the specificity and the positive value predicted by IL-6 were lower than those by FFN.CONCLUSION Fetal fibronectin of cervicovaginal secretion and interleukin-6 are sensitive indicators of chorioamnionitis,and the combined detections of FFN,IL-6 will greatly enhance the accuracy and reliability.


Intra-operative automated recognition of deep brain stimulation (DBS) targets from microelectrode recordings would improve the safety, efficiency, standardization, and accuracy of the surgical procedure. Our approach to the cellular classification problem is from a speech recognition perspective where linear predictive coefficient (LPC) analysis is used to model segments of thalamic and subthalamic nucleus cellular activity. We then cluster the linear prediction coefficients for three Parkinson's disease patients and develop discriminant surfaces with an artificial neural network to generate the target classes. The methods presented here yielded a significant separation of the cell types within a two-dimensional prediction coefficient data space. The results indicate that LPC analysis for DBS targeting warrants additional study for a larger variety of deep brain structures and patients


Is North America vulnerable to wide spread electrical blackout from natural or man-made disasters? The short answer is yes. However, there are two distinct electrical systems operated by electric utilities. One, the bulk electric transmission system (BETS) transmitting high voltage electricity between states as a commodity between electric utility owners. Two, the electrical distribution system which delivers electricity at lower voltages to consumers including electrical service to critical infrastructure is generally confined to electric utility territorial boundaries. Plans for electrical restoration have been developed and are continually refined and simulated to ensure restoration of electricity after electrical outage within the BETS. However, electric utilities are not required by federal or state regulators to develop models to restore the electrical distribution system which serves critical infrastructure. Electrical distribution is restored according to reliability indices to minimize the duration of outage to customers by restoring the largest number of customers minimizing total outage duration. Thus, total number of customers are prioritized for restoration without consideration to restoration of critical infrastructure.


A well-thought-out health and safety management process helps the practice to prevent accidents and ill-health. It demonstrates a tangible commitment to employees and anyone else who may be affected. This article outlines employers' and employees' responsibility for health and safety.


Learning in schools so far still tends to emphasize on cognitive assessment alone, students have not been trained to recognize the potential of self that is on the ability metakognition. This study aims to develop a biology module based on metacognition, especially the material of Bryophyta. Knowing the types of Bryophyta in the waterfall grojogansewukaranganyar.Bryophyta's research as a module compiler includes qualitative descriptive research. Sampling using the roaming method by walking the entrance and exit of counters 1 and 2 in GrojoganSewuKaranganyar Waterfall area. The samples of the species obtained were identified by their morphological characteristics, as well as documenting the species found in their habitat. Research results found 9 Bryophyta species. Species found in the 4 species of the Marchantiales Order, 1 species of the Order of Anthocerotales, 2 species of the Order of the Jungermanniales, and 2 species of the Order of Bryales. Furthermore, it is compiled as a Biology Module on Bryophyta-based Metacognition Material, which obtains a 90.63% validation result that is suitable for use in the school.


Objective:To evaluate the characterization of blood perfusion of femoral head epiphysis with hips in neutral and abduction position by using dynamic gadolinium-enhanced MR imaging .Methods:Thirteen 2 week old piglets were randomly assigned into either hips with neutral position (six piglets) or with abduction position (seven piglets).Dynamic Gd-enhanced imaging was performed in bilateral hips.In group with abduction hips,maximal bilateral hip abduction was lasted for two hours and MRI was performed.Results:For dynamic Gd-enhanced imaging,spoiled gradient-recalled echo images with a temporal resolution of 3.0s were performed before,during,and after the injection of gadolinium,and a total of 96 images were obtained.The enhancement ratios in different tissues regions were evaluated and correlated with histological findings.Results:In group with neutral position,the enhancement ratio of metaphyseal spongiosa was greatest compared to those of all other anatomic regions (P0.001).No significant differences in enhancement speed between physeal cartilage and spongiosa was found.In group with abduction position,physeal cartilage enhanced more slowly than spongiosa (P 0.05), The enhancement ratios of physeal and epiphyseal cartilage in abduction position were lower than those in neutral position.Conclusion:Dynamic gadolinium-enhanced MR imaging can characterize the blood perfusion in the various anatomic regions of growing femoral head in either normal or blood occlusion.


Deep learning surrogate models have shown promise in modeling complex physical phenomena such as photonics, fluid flows, molecular dynamics and material properties. However, standard neural networks assume finite-dimensional inputs and outputs, and hence, cannot withstand a change in resolution or discretization between training and testing. We introduce Fourier neural operators that can learn operators, which are mappings between infinite dimensional spaces. They are discretization-invariant and can generalize beyond the discretization or resolution of training data. They can efficiently solve partial differential equations (PDEs) on general geometries. We consider a variety of PDEs for both forward modeling and inverse design problems, as well as show practical gains in the lithography domain.


Abstract Index funds consist of a subset of stocks, an index tracking portfolio, included in the market index. The index tracking portfolio aims to match the performance of the benchmark index. In this paper, we propose a hybrid model for solving the multiperiod index tracking problem, which includes rebalancing concerns, transaction costs, limits on the number of stocks, and diversification by sector, market capitalization, and stock weight. Our hybrid model combines the genetic algorithm (GA) to select stocks of the index tracking portfolio and mixed-integer nonlinear programming (MINLP) to estimate its weights. Finally, we apply our proposed hybrid model to the S&P500 to find an index tracking portfolio that includes those constraints. The results show that our hybrid model is able to create an index fund whose return rate is similar to the market index with significantly lower risk.


New soluble hydroxylated poly(imides) with glass transition temperatures in the range from 250 to 400°C and degradation temperatures ranging from 350 to 400°C were prepared by the interaction of 2,6-diamino-4-hydroxytoluene (2,4,6-trinitrotoluene derivative) with aromatic tetracarboxylic dianhydrides.


Land managers spend considerable resources on managing weeds; however, the effectiveness of weed control is not always well understood in non-agricultural areas. To redress this, Parks Victoria has developed monitoring protocols for evaluating the outcomes of weed management. The protocols have been written up as a user-friendly instruction handbook for field staff. Successful implementation of the protocols relies on recognition that monitoring is an important component of sound environmental management. It also requires wider understanding of the benefits of monitoring and adequate training and technical support for field staff who will implement them.


The present paper originally formed part of a Forschungsbericht on all the main branches of interior decoration in Roman Britain prepared for Aufstieg und Niedergang der römischen Welt n, 12, 4 in 1981-82. Since fifteen years have elapsed without any sign of ANRW, 11, 12, 4 seeing the light of day, I have decided to publish a new version, revised and updated to cover the half-century 1945-1995. The main difference is that the section on wall-paintings, on which I have written extensively elsewhere, is now omitted. What remains is primarily a review of research into Romano-British mosaic pavements, with brief comments on other media (opus sectile, wall-mosaic, and stuccowork) appended in a concluding section. The nucleus of this review is the Bibliography, arranged partly by themes and partly by locations, with items numbered serially (Section iv); reference will be made to it, where appropriate, in footnotes.


A portable electronic device, such as an IC card has a control element, a data memory, and a program mem ory. The program memory stores various function pro grams, and the data memory stores the head addresses of the function programs and the control data items for controlling them, along with instruction data items which can be used in the IC card. The data memory additionally stores a plurality of personal identification number (PIN) items. Each of the control data items is related to one of the PIN items, and contains identifiers which indicate whether or not a PIN item input via an external device should be compared with any PIN items. The control element has a RAM which is used to store the results of comparisons between each the exter nally input PIN item and PIN items. When a usable instruction data item is input via the external device, the control element determines whether or not this instruc tion data item can be processed, in accordance with the data items stored in the RAM in accordance with the identifiers related to the instruction data items stored in the data memory. When it has determined that the in struction data item can be processed, the control ele ment then processes the instruction data item.


Abstract.
 The purpose of this application, under Articles 23.9.3 and 81 of the Code, is to conserve the specific name Pomachilius variegatus Schwarz, 1904 (Insecta, Coleoptera, elateridae) by suppression of the name Aeolus variegatus Curtis, 1839 a senior secondary homonym, and a subjective junior synonym of Pomachilius subfasciatus (Germar, 1824). Stability of taxonomy and nomenclature would best be served by suppressing the senior homonym.


SummaryIn a cocoa trial of 18 progenies and two clones there was a close association between the time of the year when the trees cropped and the overall losses from black pod disease (Phytophthora palmivora). Much of the variation in the time of cropping can be explained in terms of compatibility relationships. Two genotypes deviated markedly from the regression of level of pod disease on time of cropping, which may be evidence that they resist, rather than avoid, infection.


The phenological phases of field crops have shifted to earlier times in the Czech Republic in recent decades; additionally, they have shown correlations with temperatures from previous spring months. Using a thermal time model called PhenoClim, the correlations between temperatures and phenophases allow us to evaluate the strongest predictors (i.e., maximum temperature) and indicators of base temperatures and growing degree days for the selected phenophases of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). With the help of this model, it is possible to explain 0.6–0.82% of the phase variability and to estimate the onset of phenophases for the selected time period and stations (with the RMSE values of 9.4 days for jointing, 4.3 days for heading, and 5.3 days for full ripeness). To further refine the modeled onsets of phenophases, we used satellite data, specifically the normalized difference vegetation index and the enhanced vegetation index 2 from MODIS; based on these vegetation indices, the start of the growing season (SOS) was determined. After including SOS to model PhenoClim, we modeled the onsets of phenophases, with average accuracies ranging from 6.2 to 15.2. By combining the thermal time model and remote sensing data, specifically the data concerning the determination of SOS, we can refine the modeling of the onset of full ripeness in some locations.


Ship detection in multi-target Situations has become one of the crucial tasks in maritime surveillance. However, due to the existence of multiple Ship targets with different sizes in seacoast, standard Constant False Alarm Rate (CFAR) detection with a fixed guard window suffers from interfering targets within the training window. As a result, the probability of detection drops drastically. In this paper, a modified fast CFAR detection algorithm based on target indexing in multi-target situations is proposed. The detector does not require any guard window to prevent target interferences in the training window. It consists only of a training window and a test cell. It uses a novel interfering target-indexing matrix based on a maximally stable extremal region (MSER) detector that provides the training window with the interference pixels locations to be censored. The Generalized Gamma distribution (GΓD) is adopted as the statistical model of sea clutter. Experimental results show that the proposed method could achieve effective detection results of ships in multi-target situations compared to CFAR detectors with fixed guard window size.


A versatile model is described which estimates atmospheric dispersion based on plume trajectories calculated for the mixed layer. This model allows the treatment of the dispersal from a source at an arbitrary height while taking account of plume depletion by dry and wet deposition together with the decay of material to successor species. The plume depletion, decay and growth equations are solved in an efficient manner which can accommodate up to eight pollutants (i.e. a parent and seven serial decay products). The code is particularly suitable for applications involving radioactive chain decay or for cases involving chemical species with successor decay products. Arbitrary emission rates can be specified for the members of the chain or, as is commonly the case, a sole emission rate can be specified for the first member. The code, in its current configuration, uses readily available upper-air wind data for the North American continent.