The study of the role played by the autocracy of the late Imperial period in the history of Russia is relevant because it enables to understand the factors of its viability and its loss. Of considerable interest for the study of this topic are the judgments of contemporaries who knew the main political characters of that time, the goals and motives of their activities, domestic political circumstances. The novelty of the work lies in analysing the ideas of a liberal, a member of the Central Committee of the Cadet Party V.A. Maklakov, he gave a characteristics for the potential and weaknesses of the autocracy at the beginning of the XX century.

The purpose of the study is to interpret the representations of V.A. Maklakov about the autocracy's responsibility for solving the problem of building relationships with the public, about the struggle of traditional and new forces in the Russian bureaucracy of the early XX century, the goals of their activities, their perception of autocracy, their attitude to the constitutional monarchy.

Materials and methods of the study. The sources on the topic are the texts of V.A. Maklakov: a recording of a lecture that he delivered in 1909 at Tinishevsky College, memoirs written in exile, legislative acts, and memoirs of contemporaries. The theoretical basis of the research is the theory of modernization, which characterizes the process of a traditional system's transformation into a modern one; an axiological approach that focuses on the study of the value system; a civilizational concept that substantiates the idea of the people developing their cultural identity.

Study results. Maklakov characterized autocracy in the context of the ideas of legality and the right of the individual to freedom and self-determination. The Russian autocracy cared about the greatness of Russia, but the power of the monarch was not limited by laws. The idea of legality was present in the official ideology of the XIX – early XX century. Maklakov argued that the higher bureaucracy prevented the principle of legality from taking root in the country's governance system. In the top leadership of the country, Maklakov singled out the "old" forces that defended the autocracy, and the "healthy elements" that solved promising national tasks of Russia's development, they contributed to the transformation of an unlimited monarchy into a constitutional monarchy, defended the idea of interaction between the government and the society.

Conclusions. The autocracy proclaimed the principle of legality, but did not seek self-restraint by the constitution. The "historical power" was put on the path of constitutional development by statesmen who understood their duty to Russia. They sought to rely on liberal social forces, but the cadets did not support their program. According to Maklakov, after publishing the Manifest on October 17, 1905 and the Basic Laws of 1906, the Russian autocracy took the form of a "liberal autocracy", since it was limited by the constitution, which created the mechanism for interaction between the government and the State Duma. Nicholas II made no further attempts to regain unlimited autocracy.


The study deals with the automatic chamfering with an industrial robot. Although the automatic production system with an industrial robot has recently been developed, the chamfering and the deburring are still obstructions of automatic system. When the model coordinate system is matched to the robot coordinate system, the matching error will occur. Tool paths need to be generated, considdering the depth of cut on the basis of cut on the basis of CAD data of workpiece. The aim of the study is to develope an intelligent holder and automatic chamfering system. The intelligent holder can correct position error by perceiving the contact force and comparing it with the theoretical one. This system, TADRPECS(Tool Application Direction Referenced Position Error Compensation System), is experimentally found to be effective in chamfering.


To determine the severity of injection site reactions (ISRs), patient quality of life (QoL) and preference when enfuvirtide is administered by the Biojector® (Bioject, Medical Technologies, Inc., Tualatin, OR, USA) relative to standard needles.


In this paper, several kinds of anesthesias are described from the viewpoint of application for phonosurgery. And their merits or demerits are discussed for the benefit of choosing one of anesthesic methods. Authors concluded as follows; 1) Topical anesthesias should be used for correction or resection of simple laryngeal lesions like pedinculated polyp, and should be performed especially when easy exposure of the larynx is possible. 2) Anesthesia of percutaneous jet ventilation is very useful for resection of lesions like granulomas which frequenently occurrs in posterior portion of the larynx. More precise surgery is necessary for laryngeal granulomas because of their common recurrence. As entire surgical field including posterior portion of the larynx cannot be obtained with a tracheal tube, jet anesthesia in which a tracheal tube is not necessary is the most suitable for laryngeal granulomas in the posteirior wall of the larynx. 3) General anesthesia with an endotracheal tube is most commonly used for every part of surgery. Even for phonosurgery, this method is still useful for precise correction of the shape of the vocal cord. However, this method has tow demerits. First, observing of surgical field is not always complete because of the endotrachal tube itself. Second, the surgeon cannot hear the patient's voice while performing the operation. 4) Neuroleptanalgesia (NLA) might play a very important role in phonosurgery. Phonosurgery is not only for cure of lesions but also for improving phonatory function. With NLA, the patient can phonate. Hence, the surgeon can hear the voice and observe the vibratory pattern of the vocal cord under stroboscopic light during the operation. The surgeon easily knows where in vocal cords and how surgical procedures should be carried out. However, every surgeon should recognize that more sophisticated technique is required when performing phonosurgical procedures under NLA.


With the aim to check whether the Extended HQckel (EH) method is adequate to the treatment of the planar " merry-go-round" (mgr) process in the title compounds, the energetics of this process has been studied by means of EHMO calculations on the fragments M3(CO)6 (M = Fe, Ru, Os) with six CO ligands coplanar with a triangular metal cluster, and on Ru3(CO)12 and Ru3(CO)IO(Pydz) (Pydz = pyridazine). Potential curves for different models of the fluxional process in these systems were calculated. The structure with three symmetrically edge bridging and three terminal carbonyl groups is in all cases more stable than the nonbridged one. The potential energy barrier for ligand migration is in M3(CO)6 higher for Os as for Ru and nearly equal for both the coordinatively saturated compounds. The (at least partial) geometry optimization of the considered systems is necessary for the qualitative description of the energetic aspects of the mgr process. The usual EH method in combination with simple models of the fluxional process fails in this case.


Background: Gastritis: Defines any (histologically confirmed) inflammation of the gastric mucosa. Worldwide, the epidemiology of gastritis overlaps that of Helicobacter pylori infection, which affects approximately 50% of the world's population. The aim of the current study was to investigate the value of I-scan in diagnosis gastritis whether HP positive or negative. Subjects and Methods: This study included 164 patients divided into three groups. Group (1) included 12 normal subjects, Group (2) 101 helicobacter pylori positive subjects with gastritis and Group (3) 51 helicobacter pylori negative subjects gastritis. Upper endoscopy was performed for all cases, first by WLE then we shifted to I scan technology. Two biopsies were taken, one from greater curvature of the body of stomach and the other from antrum). All patients were assessed clinically, biochemically, viral markers and by ultrasound. Results: In the helicobacter pylori positive gastritis we found that absence of collecting venule and Subepithelial Capillary Net Work (SECN) had good sensitivity 93% and poor specificity 32%. Conclusion: I scan has poor specificity in diagnosis of HP gastritis.


REDUCTION FIXATION FOR ACETABULAR FRACTURES (Abstract): Fractures of the acetabulum are difficult to treat and even after fixation they can lead to posttraumatic arthritis and avascular necrosis of the femoral head. Total hip arthroplasty has been the most common surgery performed for the complications of posttraumatic arthritis and avascular necrosis of the femoral head. Aim : To evaluate the links between acetabular fracture type, radiological and clinical outcomes of open reduction and internal fixation, and clinical outcomes of total hip arthroplasty. Material and methods: One hundred thirty-two patients with acetabular fractures were treated surgically at the Trauma Department of "Sf. Spiridon" County Clinical Emergency Hospital from Iasi. Fifteen patients underwent THA for posttraumatic osteoarthritis or femoral head avascular necrosis following open reduction and internal fixation for acetabular fractures. Clinical and radiographic examinations were performed at 6 weeks, 3 months, 6 months, 1 year, and annually thereafter. Patients were assessed clinically using the Harris Hip Score and radiologically with Matta outcome grading. Heterotopic ossification was classified according to Brooker grading. Results: Mean Harris Hip Score has improved from 55 before conversion to 90 at 6 months after THA. No dislocation, deep vein thrombosis or pulmonary thromboembolism, new nerve injury, and heterotopic ossification occurred. Conclusions: The conversion to total hip arthroplasty after posttraumatic arthritis and avascular necrosis of the femoral head in acetabular fracture can lead to reasonable pain relief and functional improvement.


The kinetics of styrene polymerization initiated by 4-4′-azobis-[4-cyanopentanoy](p-dimethylamino)aniline(ACPDA) was studied in N,N-dimethylformamide(DMF).The influence of concentrations of the monomer,ACPDA and the temperature to the molecular weight and polymerization rate was inspected.The reaction order and the activation energy were determined.The results indicate that the polymerization rate increases with increasing the concentrations of monomer,ACPDA as well as the reaction temperature.The molecular weight increases with the increase of concentration of monomer.The molecular weight decreases with the increase of concentration of ACPDA and the reaction temperature.The equation of the polymerization rate is Rp=K1.080.51 with an apparent activation energy of 119.89 kJ/mol for styrene polymerization.


The kidney is not an uncommon site for malignancy. In majority of cases renal cell carcinoma dominates the lesion from renal cortex and transitional cell carcinoma from collecting system. Histological diagnosis is essential as the choice of chemotherapeutic agent and prognosis, depends upon pathological features of the tumor. Beside transitional cell carcinoma, adenocarcinonia and squamous cell carcinoma are also detected occasionally. Squamous cell carcinoma are rare, mostly present at an advanced stage and are notorious for aggressive course. Here we present a case of squamous cell carcinom a of renal pelvis that was localized at the time or presentation.


Follow‐up studies of children and adolescents with epilepsy (CAW‐E) have revealed higher risk of mortality than children in the general population. The mortality experience of CAW‐E relative to patients with other common neurologic disorders in the pediatric age group is yet undetermined. The objectives of this study are the following: (1) to compare the causes and the adjusted risk of death in CAW‐E with that of children and adolescents with migraine (CAW‐M) in reference to children and adolescents with lower extremity fracture (CAW‐LEF), and children and adolescents in the general population; (2) to evaluate if disparate mortality risks exist by demographic characteristics.


A series of alumina and silica supported molybdenum oxide catalysts were prepared using ammonium heptamolybdate at different loading levels (5 – 20 wt% of molybdenum oxide) by the impregnating method. The total acidity of the solid catalysts was measured by means of potentiometric titration. The supported catalysts possess very strong acid sites (may be contain both Brønsted and Lewis acid sites). The total surface acidity was observed to increase dramatically with increasing of loading levels. However the surface acidity of alumina supported molybdena catalysts are found to be higher than surface acidity of silica supported molybdena catalysts. Sulfation modification remarkably enhances the surface acidity and increases the strength of acidity due to the inductive effect of S=O. Original Research Article Benhmid et al.; IRJPAC, 16(3): 1-7, 2018; Article no.IRJPAC.41667


In this study, we aimed to investigate the accumulation of airborne trace elements in Lolium multiflorum leaves concerning photosynthetic activity parameters. Five sites for four 28-day series of plant exposition were selected. The concentration of trace elements in leaves was measured after each series, while photosynthetic activity parameters were measured three times during each series. Net photosynthesis rate (PN) and stomatal conductance (gs) were mostly negatively associated with all analyzed trace elements, unlike to CO2 concentrations (Ci). Arsenic was found with opposite trend in two exposure series. The high accumulation of Cd and Pb in plants recorded at two sites was mostly related to lowest PN and gs. Similar tendency for PN was found at sites and series with the highest Cr and Ni content in plants. L. multiflorum revealed a medium-level accumulation of trace elements and a low tolerance of the photosynthetic process to the presence of trace elements in ambient air.


Most of English as Foreign Language (EFL) students still have problems in using grammar because of difficulty in composing an effective writing. In English class, grammar has been seen to be a problem and to stand in the way of helping learners to communicate fluently. Grammar Translation Method (GTM) is a method that teaches students how to translate source language to target language by using correct grammar and makes the students learn their mistakes before so they will not do the same way. This research is about using Grammar Translation Method in teaching writing at SMP Muhammadiyah 9 Gondanglegi. The main purpose of this study is to find out whether or not significant the effectiveness of GTM method improve students' writing skill.
This study employed quantitative design. There were two groups of sample, they were experimental and control groups. The population of this study was 2nd grades students. The researcher took 50 students as the sample. After the researcher give treatment grammar translation method to the the experience group as well as the lecturing method to the control group were implemented, the researcher gave pretest and postest in order to collect the data.
After collecting, gathering and analyzing the data, the researcher found that the effectiveness of Grammar Translation Method in teaching writing showed a good impact on the students' writing. Besides, based on the data analysis of the pretest and posttest result of both groups processed by using Independent Sample T-Test on SPSS, it was found that t-value was lower than 0.05. In other words, the effectiveness of Grammar Translation Method improves the students' writing.


Section 12 of the Norwegian Prisons Act provides for convicted persons to be transferred to a treatment institution as part of the serving of their sentence. In recent years with a growing drugs problem this provision of section 12 of the Prisons Act has been applied to an ever greater extent in the case of inmates with a drug abuse problem. One purpose of transferring inmates to a treatment institution has been to prevent recidivism. The aim of this study was to analyse the effect of serving under section 12 with respect to criminal relapse. We find no preventive effect from serving under section 12 with respect to recidivism.


The albite granite near Sparta, in the foothills of the Wallowa Mountains of eastern Oregon, is thought to be a product of albitization and partial silicification of an earlier ' quartz diorite. These changes· are attributed to late magmatic and postmagmatic replacement of the almost completely solidified quartz diorite by solutions derived probably through filter pressing from lower portions of the same mass. These solutions were guided, at least in part and probably entirely, by brecciated zones in the quartz diorite. Mineralogic changes effected were the replacement of the andesine and subordinate orthoclase of the quartz diorite by albite, the replacement of some of the common green hornblende by the soda amphibole, hastingsite, and the introduction of large quantities of dark-blue quartz. This quartz is decidedly different in habit from that of normal granites in that it occurs in irregular nests and veinlets penetrating the rock in many direct ions. Most of the dark minerals have been removed. , Myrmekite and micrographic textures are common in the albite granite, though absent from the unaffected quartz diorite. That the albitization and other changes of the albite granite have resulted from later reactions on the quartz diorite is shown by field relations, microscopic study, and chemical analyses. The process is considered analogous to that of large-scale pegmatitizatiori. The rocks are all of presumable Mesozoic age. Many albite granites elsewhere are characterized by features like those found in the Sparta rocks. These include common association with crushing phenomena, widespread occurrence of graphic textures, of epidote and other low-temperature and hydrous mafic minerals, and of milky and rutilated quartz, and unusual amounts of replacement. Although the findings of the writer with respect to the Sparta rocks are in agreement with the thesis of Bowen that albite granites are of hydrothermal origin, it does not appear that a survey of the world literature on such rocks is at all conclusive on the matter.


Background Coronary artery spasm (CAS) is a well‐known endothelial dysfunction, and a major cause of vasospastic angina (VSA). The renin–angiotensin system (RAS) is known to be closely associated with endothelial function. However, there are only a few studies that investigated the impact of RAS inhibitor on long‐term clinical outcomes in VSA patients. Methods and Results A total of 3349 patients with no significant coronary artery disease, diagnosed with CAS by acetylcholine provocation test were enrolled for this study. Significant CAS was defined as having ≥70% narrowing of the artery after incremental injections of 20, 50, and 100 μg of acetylcholine into the left coronary artery. Patients were divided into 2 groups according to whether the prescription included RAS inhibitor or not (RAS inhibitor group: n=666, non‐RAS inhibitor group; n=2683). To adjust for any potential confounders that could cause bias, propensity score matching (PSM) analysis was performed using a logistic regression model. After PSM analysis, 2 matched groups (524 pairs, n=1048 patients, C‐statistic=0.845) were generated and their baseline characteristics were balanced. During the 5‐year clinical follow‐up, the RAS inhibitor group showed a lower incidence of recurrent angina (8.7% versus 14.1%, P=0.027), total death (0.0% versus 1.3%, P=0.045), and total major adverse cardiovascular events (1.0% versus 4.1%, P=0.026) than the non‐RAS inhibitor group. Conclusions Chronic RAS inhibitor therapy was associated with lower incidence of cardiovascular events in VSA patients in the 5‐year clinical follow‐up.


Each year, since 1993, Justice Day is celebrated at the beginning of July. And each year, the festivities are attended by representatives of the other powers, but this year no leaders of such powers honoured us with their presence. Each time, speeches are made to emphasise progress in the delivery of justice, while also addressing future prospects. This year was no different. Speeches talked about the nobleness of a judge"s work, the advantages of implementing the new codes, the praises of European controllers and their encouragements on the line of "persuasive punishments". Emphasis was placed on the need to respect the independence of the judiciary, under conditions of attempts to infringe this principle coming from the legislature, the executive, the media, etc. The opening address uttered by the President of the High Council for the Magistrature even manifested a vision that was close to the perspective of philosophical – legal analysis, by showing, in essence, that the judicial establishment is built on the independence of the judge, as no superior in the hierarchy of this establishment can give orders to the judge. No approaches were made toward more "delicate" issues in the conduct of judicial procedures, which have caused reactions in society and which have not been appropriately tackled by authorised structures. With respect to the reactions of some professional judges" associations (AMR, for example), we believe that avoiding debate on fundamental matters of the operation of justice in the representative body of magistrates (CSM) cannot be a desirable solution. It is increasingly more difficult to explain why terms are not joined in relation, namely independence with responsibility and with impartiality. Thus, even non-experts already know that the independence and irrevocability of judges are of constitutional origin, that the principle of independence, repeated on any given occasion, should not be judged abstractly. It cannot become, in an actual way, an effective principle of organising judicial power unless it exists as a reality of this organisation. The independence of the judiciary cannot be transformed into a privilege sheltering abuse or incompetence. The European Court of Human Rights has long noted this. For example, in the case of Pullar v. United Kingdom, in 1996, the Court retained that the judges must not manifest personal preferences and prejudice and that, at the same time, a court of law must offer sufficient guarantees to remove any legitimate doubt in this respect. We chose this example from ECHR


The aim of this research work is to curb the menace of rape and sexual violence in contemporary Nigerian societies. This became necessary because rape and sexual violence are some of the challenges which many suffered from in contemporary Nigerian societies. These vices have gradually become a serious threat to vulnerable people in the country. It is no longer safe for female children and women to walk alone in some places because of the fear of being raped or sexually abused. The findings of the research have shown that there are alarming rate of rape and sexual violence in Nigerian society. For there are many instances in which children, especially female children have been raped on their way to or from school or at home when their parents left for works. Therefore, this problem has done a lot of damage to many female children and women alike. It has also shattered the life of many people, who have been victims of this evil menace. Although people who have been affected by the evil of rape and sexual violence are suffering from the trauma of what happened to them, yet little is being done to curb this menace. This research has shown that this is a pathetic situation that requires urgent attention from all concerned and well-meaning citizens. The major question which this research paper has answered is that: What is it that should be done in order to curb the menace of rape and sexual violence against those who are vulnerable to these inhuman acts in Nigerian societies? While the method that was used in this research is "Random surveys" of cases of rape and sexual violence in Nigeria. The researcher finds it necessary to adopt this method because it is suitable for an objective generalization of the findings. Meanwhile, the theory on which this research hangs is the "Holistic Approach Theory". The premise of this theory is that curbing the menace of rape and sexual violence in contemporary Nigerian societies requires the collective efforts of the community, the church, the government, civil society/NGOs, mass media and that of the concern citizens. The research presupposes that unless all efforts are collectively put together, it will be difficult to fight these evils that have ravaged our societies.


In this paper focused on design of a second order sliding mode controller for a fixed wing airplane using real twisting algorithm. Simple sliding mode controller creates chattering in the system. Therefore, to avoid this problem, higher order sliding mode controllers as a robust controller is preferred. The design of this controller has two steps. At first, a suitable sliding manifold will be selected. Then, the controller is designed using real twisting algorithm which is a method for second order sliding mode controller design. In this algorithm the states of the system twist around the sliding surface and remain on it. Moreover, to compare the performance of the controller, a first order sliding mode controller is designed. Results demonstrate that, with real twisting method, states of the system converge to trim point in a finite time and system has good performance under this controller.


The inhibitive action of a blend of sodium nitrite/sodium hexametaphosphate (SN+SHMP) on corrosion of carbon steel in simulated cooling water systems (CWS) has been investigated by weight loss and electrochemical polarization technique. The effect of temperature, velocity, and salts concentrations on corrosion of carbon steel were studied in the absence and presence of mixed inhibiting blend. Also the effect of inhibitors blend concentrations (SN+SHMP), temperatures, and rotational velocity, i.e., Reynolds number (Re) on corrosion rate of carbon steel were investigated using Second-order Rotatable Design (Box-Wilson Design) in performing weight loss and corrosion potential approach. Electrochemical polarization measurements were used to study the behavior of carbon steel in different salts concentrations of (CWS) with pH = 7.5 in absence and presence of the inhibiting blend. The results show that the regression model (Box-Wilson Design) that has been developed using experimental data was used to verify that the interaction term of temperature with inhibitors blend and the square term of inhibitors blend are significant for corrosion rate in 0.05 N NaCl solution while the main variables are not pronounced. Also, it is found that the corrosion rate of carbon steel is increased with increasing temperature, rotational velocity, and NaCl salts concentration in uninhibited and inhibited solutions. Inhibition performance of NaNO2+ Na(PO3)6  was found to increase with its concentration up to 800 ppm inhibitors blend, and the corrosion potential is shifted to more positive direction with increasing rotational velocity, and inhibitor blend concentration.


Conclusions This pilot study suggests that giving patients written materials is a useful adjunct in the treatment of widely defined depression. It would justify a more in-depth study using more precise outcomes. References 1 Cuipers P. Bibliotherapy in unipolar depression: a meta-analysis. J Behav Tber Exp Psychiatry 1997;28:139-47. 2 Smith NM, Floyd RF, Scogin F. Three-year follow-up of Bibliotherapy for Depression. J Consult CIin Psycho1 1997;65(2):324-7. 3 Bower P, Richards D, Lovell K. The clinical and cost-effectiveness of self-help treatments for anxiety and depressive disorders in primary care: a systematic review. Br J Gen Pract 2001;51:838-45.


Abstract : As the United States fights the Global War on Terrorism (GWOT) and the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) wrestles with its post cold-war role, it is imperative that America stays deeply engaged in Europe. The United States must maintain relevance in Europe to continue cooperation with Europeans on security and economic policies. The United States has maintained its most influential position on the Continent through its ongoing NATO leadership. However, on 16 August 2004, President Bush announced significant troop reductions in both Europe and Asia as part of the major restructuring and restationing of U.S. forces. On the surface this does not conflict with the U.S. National Security Strategy (NSS) of September 2002, but as an overall U.S. position it may further divide the United States from its European allies, undermining NSS goals. The United States and Europe have always had a different view of the world. This view was muted during the Cold War when they were united against the USSR, but today, with no common enemy, the differences have come to the forefront. This divide can only deepen as the United States disengages from Europe. As their strategic visions diverge and the United States reduces its presence to just a few thousand forces spread among a handful of European countries, its influence may fade to the point where the United States is no longer a factor in European policy making. Though not an immediate concern, it could easily become one over the next two decades as the United States concentrates on the GWOT and the European Union (EU) concentrates on strengthening its union politically and economically as well as militarily with ratification of its first constitution. A strong NATO will aid the United States in the GWOT, be the international force used to prevent regional conflicts within Europe's influence, and ensure the continued strong economic growth of Europe.


Probing the role of surface structure in electrostatic interactions, we report the first observation of sequence-dependent dsDNA condensation by divalent alkali cations. Disparate behaviors were found between two repeating sequences with 100% AT content, a poly(A)-poly(T) duplex (AA-TT) and a poly(AT)-poly(TA) duplex (AT-TA). While AT-TA exhibits non-distinguishable behaviors from random-sequence genomic DNA, AA-TT condenses in all divalent alkali ions (Mg2+, Ca2+, Sr2+, and Ba2+). We characterized these interactions experimentally and investigated the underlying principles using all-atom computer simulations. Both experiment and simulation demonstrate that AA-TT condensation is driven by nonspecific ion-DNA interactions, which depend on the structures of ions and DNA surface. Detailed analyses reveal sequence-enhanced major groove binding (SEGB) of point-charged alkali ions as the major difference between AA-TT and AT-TA, which originates from the continuous and close stacking of nucleobase partial charges in AA-TT but not in AT-TA. These SEGB cations elicit attraction via spatial correlations with the phosphate backbone of neighboring helices, reminiscent of the "DNA-zipper" model, which though assumes non-electrostatic cation groove binding a priori. Our study thus presents a distinct molecular mechanism of DNA-DNA interaction in which sequence-directed surface motifs act with abundant divalent alkali cations non-specifically to enact sequence-dependent behaviors. This physical insight allows a renewed understanding of the function of repeating DNA sequences in genome organization and regulation and offers a facile approach for DNA technology to control the assembly process of DNA nanostructures.


The present invention relates to a means for switching the transmission shaft in at least one of a mating idler gear (1,2,3), the apparatus comprising at least one shifting device, the shifting device comprises a steering mechanism (4,5 , 6) and a frictional and / or form-locking shift mechanism, the shift mechanism by actuating means is axially movable, and the actuating mechanism at least partially disposed within the shaft, and the shifting mechanism is disposed concentrically with the shaft . According to the present invention, an axial extension between the shift actuating means of each shifting device, said axial extension belongs dispensing shifting mechanism, shifting means comprises a first actuating means by an axial movement, with the sliding sleeve axial extension (7) as part of a shift mechanism, and the axial extension is configured to receive at least one projection region, said projecting (9, 9 ') receiving area for securing at least one actuating means can be coupled with the drive pin.


This paper argues for the need of a sociology of grace, based on a sociology of the Renaissance, central - among others - for understanding the modern condition. Such an approach takes its point of departure in Max Weber's comparative study of the rise of world religions and his concept of charismatic power, yet goes beyond Weber in emphasising the significance of a series of renascences, culminating in the European Renaissance starting from the Duecento. The paper starts with a short linguistic and historical background analysis. The linguistic study reveals that terms related to «grace» have three distinct meanings: theological (the power and mercy of God), aesthetic (the power of graceful beauty), and socio-anthropological (charity and gift relations). The historical analysis goes back to the axial age hypothesis but argues that - as the three great monotheistic world religions, redefined as «religions of grace» -each developed outside the time horizon of the axial age, this period, though an extremely important moment of liminal crisis, cannot be considered as the «centre» of world history. Emphasis is placed, instead, on the more or less parallel emergence of ancient Judaism and Minoan culture, each based on epiphany experiences, one male and the other female, thus establishing two distinct and unique traditions of grace. European culture, rooted in Christianity, is based on the attempt to forge a unity between these two traditions; a unity that always remained precarious and in need of constant renewals, in the forms of reforms and renascences. The most important such period of renewal was the Italian Renaissance, which started in the Duecento, combining «rebirth» and reform, and ending in the liminal crisis around 1500. Central for this project was an attempt to unify the three meanings of grace. The failure of the Renaissance as a project led to its fragmentation into Protestant predestination (Weber), court society etiquette (Elias) and the disciplinary institutions of the modern state (Foucault); or the rise of modernity. The argument implies that the crisis produced by modern nihilism can only be ended by a return to the spirit of the Renaissance project.


The invention discloses a sterilization composition containing fluopicolide and metalaxyl and application thereof. The sterilization composition contains the fluopicolide, the metalaxyl and pesticide preparation auxiliary components, wherein the weight part ratio of the fluopicolide to the metalaxyl is 5:1-1:15; and the formulation of the sterilization composition is one of oil suspending agent, wettable powder, water dispersible granules, effervescent tablets and aqueous suspending agent. The sterilization composition is used for preventing and controlling cucumber downy mildew. The sterilization composition has obvious synergy on prevention and control effects compared with a single agent, reduces the consumption of pesticides, reduces the application cost, prolongs the service life of preparations, and reduces the adverse effect of the pesticides on the ecological environment.


Ancient times,the doors are all too familiar,the modern society,not just closed the door of the function is defensive,the door has been given new meaning to the future evolution of the goalkeeper? Is a form of reference,which means an extension of the transmission or charm? Contemporary doors to a different art form "open" design of the language interpretation of the personality.


This study aims to investigate the role of interfirm alliances in the form of resource sharing in influencing the access to finance of small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in Malaysia. Further, the effect of different forms of resource sharing – tangible and intangible – is also studied.,Survey questionnaire was distributed to 456 SMEs in the manufacturing sector and a total of 146 responses were gathered. However, out of these, only 88 responses could be used as only these SMEs had alliances with large firms. Investigation into the relationship between interfirm alliances and SME access to finance was carried out using structural equation modeling – partial least squares.,It is found that interfirm alliances play a significant positive role in influencing SME access to finance. As interfirm alliances are measured as the extent of resource sharing, further analysis is carried out on the different forms of resource sharing, i.e. tangible and intangible. Tangible resource (asset and cost) sharing significantly influences SME access to finance but intangible resource (knowledge and information) sharing does not.,This study contributes to the understanding of the effects of interfirm alliances on the financing of SMEs. So far, most studies have only focused on the management and technological gains of interfirm alliances. Therefore, this study contributes significantly to literature on resource sharing among firms.


ABSTRACT Conversion of human biomechanical energy into electrical form leads to the development of triboelectric nano-generator (TENG) for the operation of low-power health-monitoring devices. Here, we report a self-powered energy conversion system for sustainable operation of health-monitoring devices consisting of a TENG, an ac–dc converter, and a buck converter. The portable TENG comprising films of polytetrafluoroethylene, Mylar, and aluminium converts rotational motion into useful electricity. We have demonstrated the use of TENG as a power source for health-monitoring devices such as pulse rate monitor and thermometer. It is also capable of measuring the speed of cycling using an odometer and moisture content in the atmosphere using a hygrometer. The maximum energy is found to be 1269 µJ/cm3 across a 1000 µf capacitor. Also, the maximum power across a 2 MΩ resistor is 240 µW. Such portable systems can act as a power source by harvesting human biomechanical energy while cycling for low-power electronics useful for medical diagnostics and fitness monitoring.


ABSTRACT The aim of this study is the evaluation of the sensitisation to molecular allergens of Alternaria alternata, Aspergillus fumigatus and Cladosporium herbarum in atopic dermatitis patients. The complete dermatological and allergological examination including the examination of the sensitisation to molecular allergens with Multiplex ISAC testing was performed in all included patients. The statistical evaluation of the relation between the sensitisation to Alt a 1, Alt a 6, Cla h 8, Asp f 1, Asp f 3, Asp f 6 and other molecular food and inhalant allergens was performed. The sensitisation to molecular fungal allergen was recorded altogether in 58% patients; it is in significant relation to the sensitisation to some food and inhallant molecular allergens, such as Peanut, Walnut, Hazelnut, Atlantic Cod, Black Tiger Shrimp, Apple, Kiwi, Peach, Celery, Timothy, London Plane tree, Cedar pollen allergen, Mugwort, Cat, and Horse.


The climate affects aquatic ecosystems worldwide, yet the most dramatic impact has been observed in Polar Regions. The presented study aimed to test the hypothesis that changes in biodiversity are linked to changes in the food web functioning under different temperature conditions, with large species dominant in cold waters and smaller species dominant in warmer waters. Two sites with contrasting hydrology were surveyed in summer 2005 in Hornsund (west Spitsbergen). The first site was located close to the fjord entrance and was strongly influenced by the Atlantic waters (WARM). The second was located deep inside the fjord, where the water is fresher and colder due to glacier meltwater runoff (COLD). Temperature, salinity and photosynthetic active radiation were measured, nutrient concentrations and chlorophyll a were analyzed. Plankton biota, including different fractions of zooplankton, phytoplankton and bacteria was collected and enumerated. The temperature differences were the most pronounced out of the abiotic parameters measured. In particular, the COLD site was characterized by lower water temperature and higher turbidity due to the influence of meltwater. Significant differences in the composition and the quantitative ratios of plankton biota were noted, with the most dramatic variation in the number of microplankton taxa and their biomass. The overall plankton biomass at the WARM site (91 mg C ⋅ m–3) was higher than that at the COLD site (71 mg C ⋅ m–3), as well as the primary production rates. Microplanktonic assemblages at the WARM site included twice as many taxa. The protists constituted more than half of the plankton biomass at the WARM site (53.2%), whereas their share at the COLD site was slightly higher (63.6%). The nanoplankton fraction was numerically dominant among the protists, whereas copepods were the main component of the zooplankton biomass. The differences in planktonic communities' compositions observed between the two sites might have arisen due to the influence of turbid meltwater runoff, which eliminates larger, strictly autotrophic and decreases primary production.


In this paper, an improved blind spectrum sensing algorithm which exploits primary signal correlation is investigated based on actual Digital Video Broadcasting (DTV) signal measurements. There is trade-off between the effectiveness and the complexity of spectrum sensing algorithms. Compared with the covariance absolute value (CAV) detection, the proposed one has better performance and almost the same computational complexity.


Abstract In this paper we consider a 2×2 relaxation hyperbolic system of conservation laws with a boundary effect, and we show that the solutions of this initial boundary problem tend to the traveling wave solutions of the corresponding Cauchy problem time-asymptotically. In particular, we give the algebraic and exponential decay rates by using the weighted energy method. The location of a shift for the traveling wave, to overcome the difficulty in the boundary, plays a key role in this paper.


Minister of Manpower Regulation Number 2 Year 2015 concerning Protection against Domestic Workers tries to protect domestic workers to get social security programs. Unfortunately, Article 11 letter (g) of this regulation only requires users to register domestic workers in social security programs without further explanation. This article creates confusion because there is no explanation about which type of social security that must be applied. The purposes of this study are to find out how the social security arrangements for domestic workers should be and the legal efforts that domestic workers can do in terms of not getting social security in Indonesia. This research is a normative juridical research with a statute approach. The results showed that the rule maker should put a clause about the type of social security that must be followed by domestic workers in the legislation. This could be the form of Law that has the advantage of being able to regulate the issuance of criminal sanctions but it takes a long time to enact the law. The second option is to include this type of social security in the amendment of the Minister Regulation which is fast to conduct changes but is not as strong as law because there will be no criminal sanctions. The legal remedies that can be conducted by domestic workers in case they are not included in the social security program are to make a lawsuit to the District Court on the basis of Default or Act Against the


Abstract The application of a thermodynamic theory of flexible-chain polymer solutions indicated, in a previous work, that even at the theta temperature a polymer coil was significantly expanded over the unperturbed dimension. This was interpreted to mean that the chain segments at the periphery of the coil were more extended than the average. At the critical miscibility point, which is below the theta temperature and which is defined by concentration and temperature for a given molecular weight of polymer, this excess expansion of the coil disappears. This conclusion was reached through a calculation of the coil equilibrium, that is, the "microther-modynamic approach." In this work a "macrothermodynamic approach" was used, because it enables us to evaluate the coil expansion from the conditions of critical miscibility. The results are in agreement with the previous ones that at the critical miscibility point, there is no excess expansion of the coil. The chain segments at the periphery of the coil are no...


1. Continued follow-up of the 113 children with acute osteomyelitis previously reported and a study of a further thirty-eight proven cases has not changed our opinion that the correct management is rest and effective antibiotics. Operation should be undertaken only if pus is detectable clinically.

2. Bacteriological evidence shows that the flora causing this disease are less sensitive to benzylpenicillin than ten years ago and that a proportion are also likely to become resistant to methicillin and cloxacillin.

3. The most effective antibiotic combination used was fusidic acid and erythromycin. This lowered the failure rate to 10·5 per cent in thirty-eight proven cases. Two of the four failures were in haemophilus infections. No staphylococcal infection of a long bone became chronic, and all lesions were healed within three months of onset.

4. The duration of treatment (twenty-one days) and the method of splintage (removable plaster slabs) remained the same as in the previous series.

5. Careful watch must be kept on the incidence of haemophilus infections. If it rises, increasing the erythromycin or adding ampicillin may be necessary.

6. Use of the newer aqueous suspension of fusidic acid may lower the incidence of troublesome vomiting (12 per cent in this series).

7. Only 7 per cent of staphylococcus aureus infections in this hospital, and 17 per cent of such infections in our thirty-eight cases were sensitive to benzylpenicillin. It is thought that this drug has outlived its usefulness in osteomyelitis.

8. It is recommended that, on diagnosis, fusidic acid aqueous suspension 5 millilitres should be given three times a day to children aged one to five, and 10 millilitres twice a day for children aged six to twelve, with erythromycin stearate 30 milligrams per kilogram of body weight each day in divided doses.


The invention relates to a staggered type photovoltaic component arrangement used for a photovoltaic support. The staggered type photovoltaic component arrangement is characterized in that a front photovoltaic component and a rear photovoltaic component are arranged in a staggered mode. By means of the arrangement, wind resistance of the photovoltaic support is reduced; under identical natural conditions, the stress forced on the photovoltaic support is greatly reduced. Due to the fact that a traditional coplanar photovoltaic component arrangement is replaced, the installing difficulty of photovoltaic components is lowered, and the installing cost of the support is lowered. All rows of the photovoltaic components are arranged up and down in a staggered mode, dirt cannot slip along the coplanar photovoltaic components, the other photovoltaic components cannot be polluted, the cleaning difficulty is lowered, and the maintenance cost is greatly lowered.


The COVID-19 pandemic has impacted the world severely. With the onset of lockdowns and restrictions, daily activities have been hindered, forcing humanity to adapt to this new reality. With new arising necessities, several advancements have been made to help bridge the gap in our old way of life and our new, albeit forced reality. Education has been revolutionized out of necessity as well. Schools and universities have shifted to online mode in order to continue educating the future generations. But this has had its limitations. The goal of our research is to enable educators to seamlessly communicate and learn like they would on through regular blackboard. We have actuated with the use of computer vision and camera to capture their ideas onto the computer screen. Our approach involves a virtual keyboard that can be interfaced with hand gesture for providing input onto the system at a desired text area. Also, a virtual drawing system is developed that can capture finger movement and accurately draw, thereby envisioning free hands teaching gestures onto the screen.


Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma is deadly cancer with high mortality rates. Previous studies have shown that MART-10, ananalog to vitamin D, effectively prevents cancer's metastatic potential by downregulating N-cadherin and filamentousactin filaments (F-action filament). In more recent studies around AML (acute myeloid leukemia), a novel materialname graphene oxide nanosheets (GDYO) are effective against AML related to DNA(cytosine-5)methyltransferase3A(DNMT3A)-mutated genes. It has also been found that GDYO nanosheets have been able to disrupt the F-actinfilament of AML cells, inducing cell apoptosis which leads to the destruction of the mutated cells. This paper exploresthe further application of this material in the biomedical field by testing the ability of GDYO nanosheets to inducecell apoptosis in other types of cancer, for example, ATC cells. The study will use an 8505C cell line with negativephosphate-buffered saline (PBS) and positive control Nexavar, a clinically tested drug that treats early ATC cell growth.Nexavar, also known as Sorafenib, inhibits tumor growth by a dual mechanism, acting directly on the tumor (throughinhibition of Raf and Kit signaling) and tumor angiogenesis (through inhibition of VEGFR and PDGFR signaling).The paper investigates whether GDYO can successfully disrupt the F-actin filaments of ATC cells, thereby killing themthrough inducing apoptosis and preventing the metastatic potential of ATC cells.


The paper introduces the principle and characteristics of scanning electronic microscope,illustrates its application in metal materials failure analysis,surface defect analysis and application of energy dispersive microanalysis (EDS) in microcosmic components analysis,and explains its contribution to the development of materials science.


ABSTRACT: The tarnished plant bug, Lygus hesperus (Heteroptera: Miridae) is a pest on more than 150 plant species including field, fruit and vegetable crops. Our investigation on rose plants at Taif, Saudi Arabia observed that there are individuals of Lygus sp. during the flowering period. We morphologically identified these as Lygus hesperus. Consequently, this pest is considered as an exotic species in Saudi Arabia and it may be transformed from a minor to a major pest. We studied the length and sequencing of the ITS1 region and its flanking: 18S rRNA and 5.8S genes in this species. Biological and demographic parameters also were studied on two host plant species: green bean pods and rose flower buds. Sequencing of PCR product of ITS1 and its flanking in nine individuals of L. hesperus showed identical sequences for this fragment and obtained 743 bp for the complete ITS1. Biological data showed that the tested host source had an influence on all biological parameters except sex ratio, male longevity, preoviposition and postoviposition periods for females. The green bean pods as a host resulted in higher hatchability, shorter egg duration and nymphal development time, higher survival and fecundity, and longer female longevity. Therefore more favorable demographic parameters of L. hesperus were achieved on green bean pods where it had the shortest T and DT values as well as the highest GRR, rm, λ and R0 values. Additional biological data will be required on other plant hosts in the laboratory or field to estimate population growth and pest potential of L. hesperus in Saudi Arabia. Surveying of parasitoids and predators associated with this invasive insect pest are also desirable.


We have performed in-plane transport measurements on the two-dimensional organic salt κ-(BEDT-TTF) 2 Cu[N(CN) 2 ]Cl. A variable gas pressure technique allows for a detailed study of the changes in conductivity through the insulator-to-metal transition. We identify four different transport regimes as a function of pressure and temperature corresponding to insulating, semi-conducting,'bad metal, and strongly correlated Fermi liquid behaviours.


Candra, Rizki. 2011. The Effectiveness of Using Animation Movies as a Medium to Improve the
Students' Writing Skill of Narrative Text (A Case of the Tenth Grade Students of SMA Negeri 1
Wanadadi in the Academic Year of 2010/2011). Final Project. English Department. Languages
and Arts Faculty. Semarang State University. First Advisor: Rini Wulandari SS., M.Hum and
Second Advisor: Drs. Januarius Mujianto, M.Hum.
Keywords: animation movies, writing narrative text, experimental research, tenth grade students.
This final project is an experimental study that answers the two research questions: (1)
how the animation movies could be applied to improve the students' ability in writing narrative
text for the tenth grade students, (2) how effective the use of animation movies gives
contribution to improve the students' ability in writing narrative text for the tenth grade students
The answers were proven through a research. In the research, the subject of the study was
the tenth grade students of SMA Negeri 1 Wanadadi in the academic year of 2010/2011. There
are two groups used in this research: the experimental group and the control group. The two
groups received different treatments. The experimental group was taught writing narrative text
by using animation movies, while the control group was taught by using conventional method.
The data were collected through a writing test. To obtain the data, the writer carried out
three steps: pre-test, activities in experimentation, and post test. In the pre-test, the result of the
two groups was nearly the same. The mean score of the experimental group was 47.74 and the
mean score of the control group was 46.79. The very slight difference between the two groups
indicated that the two groups were homogeneous.
After receiving the different treatment, the two groups got the different results. The posttest
mean score of the experimental group was 62.65 while the mean score of the control group
was only 53.15. The significant difference between two groups showed that the use of animation
movies in teaching narrative text was effective.
The conclusion taken from the research is that animation movies gives contribution in
teaching writing narrative text to the tenth grade students of Senior High School


Aim: This study has been planned and conducted in the purpose of defining whether there is a relationship between the amount of salt consumption, anthropometric measurements and blood pressure. Subjects and Methods: This research was conducted at Hacettepe University Health Sciences Faculty Nutrition and Dietetics Department at February 2015 with a group consisted of 90 people. Within the scope of this research, a questionnaire on general characteristics, a food frequency questionnaire and 24-hour recall food consumption questionnaire was carried out. In addition to these, blood pressures and salt taste sensitivity thresholds of people was measured. The salt taste sensitivity threshold was measured with 9 solutions with different sodium chloride concentrations. Results: The 52.2% and 47.8% of the subjects had normal and high salt taste sensitivity thresholds, respectively. There is a statistically significant relation between salt taste sensitivity threshold & neck circumference, and neck circumference & blood pressure. While neck circumference values of subjects increased, salt taste sensitivity threshold and blood pressure values were increasing (p 0.05). There is no significant relationship between salt taste sensitivity threshold and blood pressure values of subjects (p>0.05). Conclusion: The increasing amounts of salt consumption affect blood pressure via salt taste sensitivity threshold and this circumstance may increase cardiovascular heart disease risk in adults.


Human actions in video sequences are characterized by the complex interplay between spatial features and their temporal dynamics. In this paper, we propose novel tensor representations for compactly capturing such higher-order relationships between visual features for the task of action recognition. We propose two tensor-based feature representations, viz. (i) <italic>sequence compatibility kernel</italic> (SCK) and (ii) <italic>dynamics compatibility kernel</italic> (DCK). SCK builds on the spatio-temporal correlations between features, whereas DCK explicitly models the action dynamics of a sequence. We also explore generalization of SCK, coined SCK<inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\;\oplus$</tex-math><alternatives><mml:math><mml:mrow><mml:mspace width="0.277778em"/><mml:mo>⊕</mml:mo></mml:mrow></mml:math><inline-graphic xlink:href="koniusz-ieq1-3107160.gif"/></alternatives></inline-formula>, that operates on subsequences to capture the local-global interplay of correlations, which can incorporate multi-modal inputs e.g., skeleton 3D body-joints and per-frame classifier scores obtained from deep learning models trained on videos. We introduce linearization of these kernels that lead to compact and fast descriptors. We provide experiments on (i) 3D skeleton action sequences, (ii) fine-grained video sequences, and (iii) standard non-fine-grained videos. As our final representations are tensors that capture higher-order relationships of features, they relate to co-occurrences for robust fine-grained recognition (Lin, 2017), (Koniusz, 2018). We use higher-order tensors and so-called Eigenvalue Power Normalization (EPN) which have been long speculated to perform spectral detection of higher-order occurrences (Koniusz, 2013), (Koniusz, 2017), thus detecting fine-grained relationships of features rather than merely count features in action sequences. We prove that a tensor of order <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$r$</tex-math><alternatives><mml:math><mml:mi>r</mml:mi></mml:math><inline-graphic xlink:href="koniusz-ieq2-3107160.gif"/></alternatives></inline-formula>, built from <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$Z_*$</tex-math><alternatives><mml:math><mml:msub><mml:mi>Z</mml:mi><mml:mo>*</mml:mo></mml:msub></mml:math><inline-graphic xlink:href="koniusz-ieq3-3107160.gif"/></alternatives></inline-formula> dimensional features, coupled with EPN indeed detects if at least one higher-order occurrence is 'projected' into one of its <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\binom{Z_*}{r}$</tex-math><alternatives><mml:math><mml:mfenced separators="" open="(" close=")"><mml:mfrac linethickness="0pt"><mml:msub><mml:mi>Z</mml:mi><mml:mo>*</mml:mo></mml:msub><mml:mi>r</mml:mi></mml:mfrac></mml:mfenced></mml:math><inline-graphic xlink:href="koniusz-ieq4-3107160.gif"/></alternatives></inline-formula> subspaces of dim. <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$r$</tex-math><alternatives><mml:math><mml:mi>r</mml:mi></mml:math><inline-graphic xlink:href="koniusz-ieq5-3107160.gif"/></alternatives></inline-formula> represented by the tensor, thus forming a Tensor Power Normalization metric endowed with <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\binom{Z_*}{r}$</tex-math><alternatives><mml:math><mml:mfenced separators="" open="(" close=")"><mml:mfrac linethickness="0pt"><mml:msub><mml:mi>Z</mml:mi><mml:mo>*</mml:mo></mml:msub><mml:mi>r</mml:mi></mml:mfrac></mml:mfenced></mml:math><inline-graphic xlink:href="koniusz-ieq6-3107160.gif"/></alternatives></inline-formula> such 'detectors'.


We appreciate the Reviewer's insightful comments and suggestions. The Reviewer pointed out the following general issues: 1 Connection between sections: We have added transition paragraphs at the end of each section to motivate the next. The text now reads more seamlessly. 2 Motivation for going to a climatological study: We have now made it more explicit in the introduction the need for running the LCS detection algorithm in a climatology. We have incorporated the Reviewer's suggestion to motivate it through the need of investigating the impact of LCSs in moisture and rainfall at different scales. 3 Conclusion improvements: We have expanded the conclusion section adding more on the potential applications of the methodology for convergence zones in other regions as well as forecast applications. Other issues pointed in the Reviewer's general comment are addressed in the original submission. For example, the reviewer questions about the period employed in the climatological analysis. The period is stated in Line 161 of the original submission. Similarly, the Reviewer questions about how the methodology was applied in the entire climatology. This is expressed in the methodology diagram in Figure 3: the method is repeated in sliding time windows of 2 days separated by 6 hour intervals.


Hodgsonia, ranging from NE India through S China to Java and Borneo, was for a long time considered as monotypic, but there are two (and possibly three) species, demarcated at the Isthmus of Kra in S Thailand. The few, woody 'seeds' should be regarded as pyrenes, a condition not known elsewhere in the family Cucurbitaceae.


By the authority vested in me as President by the Constitution and the laws of the United States of America, including the Federal Property and Administrative Services Act, 40 U.S.C. 471 et seq., and in order to (1) promote and ensure open competition on Federal and federally funded or assisted construction projects; (2) maintain Government neutrality towards Government contractors' labor relations on Federal and federally funded or assisted construction projects; (3) reduce construction costs to the Federal Government and to the tax payers; (4) expand job opportunities, especially for small and disadvantaged businesses; (5) prevent discrimination against Government contractors or their employees based upon labor affiliation or lack thereof; and (6) prevent the inefficiency that may result from the disruption of a previously established contractual relationship in particular cases; thereby promoting the economical, nondiscriminatory, and efficient administration and completion of Federal and federally funded or assisted construction projects, it is hereby ordered that Executive Order 13202 of February 17, 2001, is amended by adding to section 5 of that order the following new subsection:


(57) Abstract: The present invention is a sanitary napkin provided to combat a wide range of odorous compounds found therein, panty liners, especially utility is found in the application to absorbent products, such as such as diapers on odor control particles. In particular, the present invention is produced using a simplified method, whereby, to provide odor control particles also provide odor control particles which benefit the better odor control performance. Odor control particles have a density less than the density of the odor control particles comprise odor control active materials to form a dried pressure compact active material under the absence of a binder to form an odor control particles.


Today is the era of online shopping. Most of the people do online shopping for their convenience. It includes both M-Commerce and ECommerce. Important part of the online shopping are the reviews given by the customer which gives the rating to the product they have purchased. In addition to the product reviews, customer also give reviews about company and post purchase experience. These reviews effects the promotion of the product and also helps others to take wise decisions regarding the purchase of goods. This research is focused on studying the reviews on tourism. In which people gives reviews regarding Hotels, Recreation places etc. They also reviews regarding Food, Room, Room Service, Parking, Pick up facility etc. In this research lexical based approach is used to identify the collective analysis for positive and negative reviews. So that people who are trying to take the services following the reviews can see the collective scenario. Current lexical based approach is better than the previous research which was based on sentiwordnet. In sentiwordnet the marks or grade given to the positive, negative, and neutral word. With the help of lexical approach reviews have been tokenized. Positive, negatives and neutral reviews are compared with established Ontology. This mined information will provide better view regarding the total reviews rather than studying all the individual reviews. Experimental results shows much better performance to have collective analysis by automated tool in terms of accuracy and time taken. Key Term: Ontology, Reviews, Opinion Mining, sentiwordnet, lexical, tokens. —————————— ◆ ——————————


Recently, it was discovered that single-crystalline VO2 nanostructures exhibit unique, single-domain metal-insulator phase transition. They enable a wide range of device applications as well as discoveries of oxide physics beyond those can be achieved with VO2 bulk or thin films. Previous syntheses of these nanostructures are limited in density, aspect ratio, single-crystallinity, or by substrate clamping. Here we break these limitations and synthesize ultra-long, ultra-dense, and free-standing VO2 micro/nanowires using a simple vapor transport method. These are achieved by enhancing the VO2 nucleation and growth rates using rough-surface quartz as the substrate and V2O5 powder as the evaporation source.


Purpose – The authors illustrate how the Dynamic Scenario Learning Process works in practice.Design/methodology/approach – A case showing how "Forward Bank" used the DSLP to discover crucial inter‐relationships that were not intuitively obvious.Findings – Forward's scenarios provided a year's head start on understanding how to manage the dotcom collapse and the 9/11 attacks. Because managers had considered how to implement the robust strategies and apply contingent strategies as unfolding events merited, they were better prepared.Research limitations/implications – The DSLP is not just a strategic planning tool; it is also an instrument of leadership.Practical implications – The DSLP process creates bonds within the organization as everyone from senior leaders to front line employees across business lines and functions share a common language to communicate their insights into future possibilities. Narratives based on a DSG are easy to grasp and can be widely disseminated throughout the organization.Origi...


The formation of the earth's core was due to the density differentiation of the primitive matter of the earth. This differentiation should be in progress at the core-mantle interface in the present epoch. Redistribution of substances of various densities gives rise to large-scale convective motions in the core and mantle. These motions create the geomagnetic field, and they may be a cause of disturbances at the core-mantle interface. It is shown that the outer core cannot be composed of a mixture or an alloy of two or several substances.


Visitors to Rotherham Hospital may find themselves greeted by our new 'Meet and Greet' volunteers. This new service is manned by volunteers - all recruited to personally greet and signpost patients and visitors arriving for treatment. As well as having a cheery smile and friendly approach, they are easy to spot as they wear purple 'Happy to Help' sashes.


Objective:To determine icariin content in Zhuanggu Zhitong granule by HPLC.Methods:Thermo C18 column(250 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm)was used.Acetonitrile-water(26∶74)was used as themobile phase,the flow rate was 1.0 mL·min-1,the detected wavelength was 270 nm,the temperature of column was controlled at room temperature.Results:The calibration curve was linear in the range of 0.01-0.07 mg·mL-1 for icariin(r=0.9999).The average recovery was 99.5%(n=6),RSD was 0.85%.Conclusion:The method is simple,accurate and reliable.


We characterize the pairs of general Lorentz sequence spaces $\ell^{u,v}(\nu),$ $\ell^{p,q}(\mu), 0 < u, v, p, q < \infty$ such that all continuous linear maps from the first space into the second one are compact.


In this work are shown the results achieved in the development of the characterization
of network traffic and performance analysis of the Pontificia Universidad Javeriana
data network, showing how the behavior of the network is, the existing bottlenecks
that impact the perception of the network's service, how CORE elements fit in a queue
model and how this works in an open queue network model as the Jackson networks
are. Whit the motivation of show the performance of the CORE network of the
University, based in a theory approach and noticing how can the network be
evaluated, without the need of make intrusive actions that would degrade the behavior
of the network. The results obtained of performance evaluation, is possible do
optimization actions on the network or simply make it as a reference to do engineering
on this.


Objective: To examine the specificity of low CSF hypocretin-1 levels in narcolepsy and explore the potential role of hypocretins in other neurologic disorders. Methods: A method to measure hypocretin-1 in 100 μL of crude CSF sample was established and validated. CSF hypocretin-1 was measured in 42 narcolepsy patients (ages 16–70 years), 48 healthy controls (ages 22–77 years,) and 235 patients with various other neurologic conditions (ages 0–85 years). Results: As previously reported, CSF hypocretin-1 levels were undetectably low (<100 pg/mL) in 37 of 42 narcolepsy subjects. Hypocretin-1 levels were detectable in all controls (224–653 pg/mL) and all neurologic patients (117–720 pg/mL), with the exception of three patients with Guillain–Barré syndrome (GBS). Hypocretin-1 was within the control range in most neurologic patients tested, including patients with AD, PD, and MS. Low but detectable levels (100–194 pg/mL) were found in a subset of patients with acute lymphocytic leukemia, intracranial tumors, craniocerebral trauma, CNS infections, and GBS. Conclusions: Undetectable CSF hypocretin-1 levels are highly specific to narcolepsy and rare cases of GBS. Measuring hypocretin-1 levels in the CSF of patients suspected of narcolepsy is a useful diagnostic procedure. Low hypocretin levels are also observed in a large range of neurologic conditions, most strikingly in subjects with head trauma. These alterations may reflect focal lesions in the hypothalamus, destruction of the blood brain barrier, or transient or chronic hypofunction of the hypothalamus. Future research in this area is needed to establish functional significance.


When trivalent phosphorus compounds (Z 3 P) reacted with viologens, either a single-electron transfer (SET) or a polar reaction takes place, depending on the kind of substituents of viologens.


Malmquist productivity index (MPI)has beenapplied toexpress thedynamic performance over time, whichcanprovide valuable information about the effectiveness ofan industry. However, thereexist scarcities aboutmultiple correlation problems of variables andlimitation ofrelationship between Decision MakingUnits (DMU)andinput/output indexes. Inthis paper, amodification approach ofDEA-Based MPI is proposed byusing principal components analysis (PCA) andother relevant ways.A realdatasetaboutten container ports inChina overtheperiod of2001to2005 hasbeenusedtovalidate themethodproposed inthis paper. Itisnecessary toadopteffective policies and measures toimprove theperformance ofproductivity and competitiveness ofthisindustry, andtopromote the sustainable development of container accumulation ability ofhinterland indifferent regions. Theimproved DEA-based MPIapproach provides apractical toolto assist policies design andmakestrategic decisions for ameliorating thetotal performance inmanyfields. Keywords: dataenvelopment analysis (DEA), dynamic performance evaluation, malmquist productivity index (MPI), principal components analysis (PCA)


A major breakthrough in China9s privatization occurred in May 2005, when a ""share conversion"" pilot reform program was introduced. This article will situate this in the perspective of China9s two-decade-long shareholding system reform. It will argue that the ""share conversion"" reform is part of China9s long-followed gradualist transition, instead of a switch to shock therapy.


Assuming perfect channel state information (CSI), the receiver in a point-to-point multiantenna channel can compute the optimal transmit beamforming vector that maximizes channel capacity. The transmitter, which is not able to estimate the CSI, obtains the quantized transmit beamforming vector via a rate-limited feedback channel. We assume that time evolution of both MIMO and MISO channels can be modeled as the first-order autoregressive process parameterized by a temporal-correlation coefficient. For a limited number of feedback bits, we would like to find out how often the feedback update should take place. Applying a large system limit and random vector quantization (RVQ), we derive the integer optimization problem, which determines the optimal feedback interval that maximizes the average capacity. The analytical results show that the optimal feedback interval depends on the temporal correlation coefficient, available feedback, and the number of transmit and receive antennas.


If you lean towards the permissive with respect to genomics, this sequencing event may not be a big deal. Genomic sequencing technology is now fast and cheap. Long-held paradigms such as nondirectiveness and respecting children's future autonomy may no longer apply when sequence information is becoming almost mundane and is striding into new healthcare domains. Presumptions of bodily integrity and reproductive autonomy in pregnancy may further diminish concerns – after all, we have very few justifiable thresholds for interfering in decision-making during pregnancy and the harm to the future child that may occur here would be unlikely to reach them.


Historically redlined communities in the U.S. today have lower home values, poorer health, and greater exposure to environmental hazards. Our research found that between 2000 and 2019, fossil fuel power plants were 31% more likely to be built near and upwind of neighborhoods that were redlined in the 1930s.


Following a dispute with his black neighbour, a white man in Virginia erects and ignites a crude home-made cross on the neighbouřs lawn. The white man is convicted under a law prohibiting intimidation by use of a burning cross.


Based on the general formula for computing the azimuth angle of tangent line of random point in high way,this paper derives the general integral ones for computing the coordinates of middle and side stakes.According to the compound simpson formula,the general numerical models for calculat-ing coordinates of middle and side stakes are given,and the problem about determining the n,the num-ber for equal-dividing the integral interval in using compound simpson formula,is also discussed.The general models established herein lay the foun dation for the middle and side stakes layout of high way by polar method.


With the aim to separate and detect organic compounds from Martian soil onboard ExoMars, we have developed three different space compatible sample preparation techniques able to extract and analyze a wide range of volatiles and refractory molecule with respect of their chirality by GC-MS.


This paper presents the implementation of finite element tearing and interconnecting (FETI) methods on parallel MPI machines for solving electromagnetic frequency domain problems encountered in the design of electromagnetic band gap (EBG) materials and antenna arrays.


It is shown that the effects of large de bias and ac driving fields on the dielectric permittivity of single crystals of PbMg1/3Nb2/3O3 (PMN) relaxer ferroelectric exhibit very different behavior, including anisotropy and sign of the effect, which is traced up to the high-temperature interval in the ergodic phase. The observed phenomena strongly suggest that in the ergodic phase of PMN the dielectric response to the ac field is controlled by a side-way motion of the interphase boundaries of the polar regions, rather than by the thermally activated reorientations of the local spontaneous polarization.


Much of the earlier experimental work carried out by Antonie Cohen and his associates at the Institute for Perception Research at Eindhoven focused on the contribution of the amplitude envelope to the perception of speech. Thus, in Cohen, Schouten & 't Hart (1962) an informal experiment is described in which, on successive presentations, a progressively larger portion of friction noise was suppressed at the onset of the word flake. On removal of the initial 10-30 ms of the noise burst a distinct (nonEnglish) affricated pflake is perceived. Similar experiments were conducted by Jones (briefly described by Jakobson, Fant & Halle, 1952:22), for [f pf] and [s ts] (both non-English contrasts), and by Truby (1954) and Gerstman (1957) for the (American) English [t/ /] contrast. Cutting back the onset of a fricative noise burst, of course, affects two parameters at the same time: the overall duration of the burst is shortened, and the Signal envelope is given a more abrupt rise time. It is the primary aim of the present paper to establish the potentially differential contribution of the onset characteristics äs opposed to the overall duration of the friction noise burst to the affricate-fricative contrast äs in English fortis obstruents of the type [t/ /]. As far äs I am aware, the only experimental study attempting to answer this question is reported in an (unpublish'ed) dissertation by Gerstman (1957). His results, summarized in his own words, indicated that "rise time principally distinguishes fricatives from affricates (...); however for a middle ränge of rise time values, steady time is also a cue."


Objective To study the relationship between plasma homocystine level and cerebral infarction(CI) in elderly patients.Methods The plasma Hey,folacin and vitamin B12 levels of 92 CI patients,including 24 cases of lacunarinfarction( small-arterydisease),52 cases of single cerebral infarction (large-artery disease),16 cases of recurrent cerebral infarction and 30 cases of healthy controls in elderly patients.Results Plasma levels of Hcy in single cerebral infarction and recurrent cerebral infarction group were significantly higher than that in control group (P<0.01 ),but there were no significant differences between lacunar infarction group and the control group (P >O.05 ),and that in recurrent cerebral infarction group was significantly higher than single cerebral infarction group ( P <0.05 ).Plasma levels of folacin and vitamin B12 in single cerebral infarction group and recurrent cerebral infarction group were significantly lower than those in control group (P < 0.01 ),but there were no significant differences between lacunarinfaretion group and control group ( P > O.05 ),and that in recurrent cerebral infarction group was significantly lower than single cerebral infarction group (P <0.05 ).Conclusions Hyperhomocysteinemia is associated with the increased risk of cerebral infarction,and there is a strong association between elevated homocystine and atherosclerotic vascular disease.Hyperhomocysteinemia maybe an independent risk factor of recurrent cerebral infarction; Plasma Hcy and folic acid,vitamin B12 concentrations are negatively correlated.

Key words:
Homocystine;  Folacin;  Vitamin B12;  Elderly;  Cerebral infarction


The availability of abundant conversational data on the Internet brought prosperity to the generation-based open domain conversation systems. In the training of the generation models, existing methods generally treat all the training data equivalently. However, the data crawled from the websites may contain many noises. Blindly training with the noisy data could harm the performance of the final generation model. In this paper, we propose a generation with calibration framework, that allows high- quality data to have more influences on the generation model and reduces the effect of noisy data. Specifically, for each instance in training set, we employ a calibration network to produce a quality score for it, then the score is used for the weighted update of the generation model parameters. Experiments show that the calibrated model outperforms baseline methods on both automatic evaluation metrics and human annotations.


AbstractToday, global concerns about nitrate and organic matter in water and its adverse impact on health have increased. This study aims to investigate the use of nZVI technology for nitrate reduction and the use of Fe2+, Fe3+/H2O2 technology for COD removal, simultaneously. Different factors that influence the reaction of nitrate with nZVI and COD removal were investigated. These included nZVI, Fe2+ and Fe3+ dosages (1–10 mg/L), initial nitrate concentration, initial solution pH (2–10), H2O2 concentration (30–250 mg/L), and treatment duration (10–90 min). At [Fe°] = 2.5 mg/L, 81–90% nitrate removal efficiencies were observed for initial [NO3−] ranging from 20 to 200 mg/L. At [Fe°] = 1, 2.5, 5, and 10 mg/L, 22, 26, 39.5, 77.5, and 70% COD removal efficiencies were observed for reaction time 60 min and initial COD 520 mg/L. When the initial pH values were 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10, the nitrate removal efficiency was approximately 82, 93, 68, 60, and 40%, respectively, with nZVI. COD degradation percent at pH 10 ...


The regularities of information recording on photothermoplastic media by cyclicaly interrupted charges and expositions of warmed media was examined. In this method the complex harmonical relief is formed by recording of new images on the surface relief, which had been formed earlier. The diffraction efficiency of recorded color images is not less than 6= in every of color coding channel and not less than 10= in case of two-exposition interferogrames recording.


This paper aims to estimate the capacity of bicycle flow at intersections reasonably. Based on large amounts of actual traffic data collected, the cluster characteristics of bicycle traffic flow is analyzed. The IMU-LN model is established to describe the relationship between the bicycle queue length and the number of parking bicycle, and the IMU-DL model is established to describe the relationship between the queue length and the average queue density. These closed-form models can provide the queue length value and the average queue density value with a single value of input. This paper formulated a foundation of a more accurate description of bicycle flow at signalized intersections.


In Brazil, the agricultural household can be characterized by the household surveys and the Agricultural Census, both under the responsibility of the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE). However, there are particularities in the information available in such surveys and a divergence regarding some concepts and characteristics, starting with the investigation unit. In general, there is a good response to the listing of agricultural households among the household surveys and agricultural censuses, although "borderline" variables between the farm and the household (such as income, for example) are not clearly represented when the aim is to recognize the mixed activity characterizing the agricultural household. The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the limits of the data in relation to gaining further information about the agricultural household and propose methodological alternatives to improve their characterization. With this aim in mind, five kinds of household estimates were prepared based on data collected in the Agricultural Census and National Household Sample Survey (PNAD): enumeration of agricultural households; agricultural income; the income from other sources (off-farm); total household income; and the farm area. Furthermore, it was possible to assess the results for the five regions in Brazilian territory, also to assess the accuracy of the estimates, which allowed to evaluate whether the sample of household surveys are representative to assess the household agriculture in more desegregated universes. This is an brand new initiative to assess the potential of each survey to capture more consistently the types of incomes. The results provide an important contribution to the development of surveys specially designed to investigate the agricultural household and its particularities, such as the difference between generated and earned income. Besides this, it provides an analysis about the household surveys applied in Brazil, and it could be used as a basis for these more specific surveys.


This paper describes the design and construction of a multichamber integrated dielectric processing system. We describe a methodology for managing the design process of complex integrated-processing systems which includes model building and computer aided design. The advantages of a flexible modular approach to integrated processing are discussed. The finished system has three processing and analysis modules networked by a central server with capabilities for (i) remote plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) of dielectric films, (ii) downstream cleaning of semiconductor surfaces, and (iii) in-situ materials characterization by Auger electron spectroscopy (AES) and reverse view low energy electron diffraction (LEED). With this integrated processing system we have the capability of depositing and analyzing Si-based heterostructures which can be fabricated to include any combination of silicon oxide; silicon nitride; silicon oxynitride; and amorphous, microcrystalline, or polycrystalline silicon layers.


This paper discusses the engineering and economics of fuel supply for the generating plants of the American Gas and Electric Company System, and in particular the fuel supply for two new plants—Kanawha River of Appalachian Electric Power Company, and Muskingum River of The Ohio Power Company. The importance of adequately planning fuel supply for a large power system is stressed, and the fundamental considerations of adequacy of supply, reliability, characteristics of supply, coal storage, and transportation are discussed with reference to the System characteristics, and with special emphasis on the development of the fuel supply for the two new plants.


Short descriptions of typical small refrigerating plants now on the market are given. Such plants may have many applications in certain classes of scientific work.


Disclosed is an anti seepage mechanism and a case thereof, wherein the anti seepage mechanism is used for being input in a chamber which communicates a first space and a second space. The anti seepage mechanism includes a main shaft arranged in the chamber and a plurality of elastic pieces arranged on the main shaft. The elastic pieces bunts against the inwall of the chamber, and forms a plurality of closed spaces with the inwall of the chamber.


As John Berger and Jean Mohr pointed out in The Seventh Man [5] an arresting photographic essay of European migrant labour in the 1970s the incapacitated and dying migrant is a murky presence within capitalism's unconscious. Parodying the mounting tension between the global demand for healthy aspirational migrant workers and the responsibility for their long term well-being and care, Berger wrote "So far as the economy of the metropolitan country is concerned, migrant workers are immortal: immortal because continually interchangeable. They are not born: they are not brought up and they do not age: they do not get tired: they do not die."


This study was designed to investigate the effects of providing feedback in the interactive environment of wiki on improving the grammatical accuracy of Iranian EFL learners' writing skill as well as the attitudes of Iranian EFL learners' toward receiving feedback via wiki. To do so, 50 intermediate Iranian EFL learners, who were chosen by an OPT (Oxford Placement Test) participated in this study and they were divided into two groups, experimental and control group. Both groups were given identical writing tasks. In control group, though, the first drafts were reviewed traditionally in a pen and a paper fashion, whereas in the experimental group, they were reviewed by peers through wiki to provide feedback on the grammatical accuracy of writings. The second drafts all were reviewed by the instructor. The results revealed that using wikis to provide feedback on students' writing can have a significantly positive effect on improving their grammatical accuracy in a writing task. Moreover, the experimental group was found to outperform the control group on the post-test indicating that there was a significant difference between the effects of providing feedback in wiki vs. providing traditional feedback on the grammatical accuracy of Iranian male and female EFL Learners. With regards to the students' attitude toward using wiki, a majority of the learners welcomed the application of wiki for EFL


Resonant interactions between internal gravity waves propagating in a stratified shear flow are considered for the case when the background density and shear flow vary slowly with respect to the waves. In Grimshaw (1988) triad resonances were considered, and interaction equations derived for the case when the resonance conditions are met only on certain space-time surfaces, being resonance sites. Here this analysis is extended to include higher-order resonances, with the aim of studying resonant wave interactions near a critical level. It is shown that a secondary resonant interaction between two incoming waves, in which two harmonic components of one incoming wave interact with a single harmonic component of another incoming wave, produces a reflected wave. This result is shown to agree with the study of Brown & Stewartson (1980, 1982a, b) who obtained this same result by a different approach.


Serum amyloid A (SAA) is expressed locally in chronic inflammatory conditions such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), where macrophages that do not accord with the classic M1/M2 paradigm also accumulate. In this study, the role of SAA in regulating macrophage differentiation was investigated in vitro using human blood monocytes from healthy subjects and patients with COPD and in vivo using an airway SAA challenge model in BALB/c mice. Differentiation of human monocytes with SAA stimulated the proinflammatory monokines IL‐6 and IL‐1β concurrently with the M2 markers CD163 and IL‐10. Furthermore, SAA‐differentiated macrophages stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) expressed markedly higher levels of IL‐6 and IL1‐β. The ALX/FPR2 antagonist WRW4 reduced IL‐6 and IL‐1β expression but did not significantly inhibit phagocytic and efferocytic activity. In vivo, SAA administration induced the development of a CD11chighCD11bhigh macrophage population that generated higher levels of IL6, IL‐1β, and G‐CSF following ex vivo LPS challenge. Blocking CSF‐1R signaling effectively reduced the number of CD11chigh CD11bhigh macrophages by 71% and also markedly inhibited neutrophilic inflammation by 80%. In conclusion, our findings suggest that SAA can promote a distinct CD11chigh CD11bhigh macrophage phenotype, and targeting this population may provide a novel approach to treating chronic inflammatory conditions associated with persistent SAA expression.—Anthony, D., McQualter, J. L., Bishara, M., Lim, E. X., Yatmaz, S., Seow, H. J., Hansen, M., Thompson, M., Hamilton, J. A., Irving, L. B., Levy, B. D., Vlahos, R., Anderson, G. P., Bozinovski, S. SAA drives proinflammatory heterotypic macrophage differentiation in the lung via CSF‐1R‐dependent signaling. FASEB J. 28, 3867‐3877 (2014). www.fasebj.org


The objective of this research is to determine the functions of code switching performed by the EFL teachers in classroom interaction. This research used qualitative research design which was conducted in SMAN 1 Soppeng. The participants of this research were two English teachers of SMAN 1 Soppeng who were chosen by using purposive sampling technique. To collect the data, the researcher used two kinds of research instrument namely classroom observation and interview. The data obtained were analyzed through Miles and Huberman (1994) qualitative data analysis and combined it with discourse analysis. The procedure of data analysis divided into three stages, namely data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing/verification. The result of data analysis indicated that there are eleven functions of code switching discovered during the teaching and learning process in classroom interaction, namely checking for understanding, lapses, grammar explanation, pronunciation practice, explaining the meaning of vocabulary, reiteration, topic switch, polite command, speech connective, interjection to get the students' attention, and emphasize certain word or a point in the conversation. The functions may vary according to the context, situation, and the topic of the conversation.


University of Podgorica, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Podgorica, Montenegro Ss. Cyril and Methodius University, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Skopje, Macedonia Brno University of Technology, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Institute of Structural Economics and Management, Brno, Czech Republic Director of the Building Physics & Construction Technology Laboratory, Civil Engineering Department University of Minho, Guimaraes, Portugal Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava, Department of Hydraulic Engineering, Bratislava, Slovakia


The primary function of Mandarin tone is to encode and differentiate otherwise similar-sounding words. In that regard, proficient tone use is essential for both intelligible L2 pronunciation and successful vocabulary learning. Recent research investigating L2 tone use in online Mandarin word recognition revealed persistent difficulties among proficient learners. This paper reviews these findings in light of several tone teaching issues and challenges and proposes a few potential improvements to the current tone word pedagogy. It is suggested that tone instruction can be more effective if it is form-focused, systematically given in conjunction with vocabulary teaching, and backward-designed based on articulated tone word learning objectives and matching assessments. While highlighting the potentials of computer-mediated tone instruction and self-directed learning, the paper also identified a few directions for future research.


The invention relates to fracturing reformation in the field of oil-gas field development, in particular to a method for optimizing fracture conductivity of a tight gas-reservoir fractured horizontal well. The method mainly comprises the following steps of (1) collecting basic parameters of a reservoir, fluid property and a horizontal well shaft; (2) collecting basic parameters of fractures of the fractured horizontal well; (3) evenly dividing each fracture of the fractured horizontal well into line congruence with equal length along the fracture length direction; (4) building a reservoir permeability model for a tight gas-reservoir fractured horizontal well fracture system; (5) building a flowing decompression model of gas in the fractures; (6) building a flowing model of coupled gas in the reservoir permeability and the fractures, and forming a yield calculation model of the tight gas-reservoir fractured horizontal well; (7) optimizing the fracture conductivity of the tight gas reservoir fractured horizontal well. By utilization of the method for optimizing the fracture conductivity of the tight gas-reservoir fractured horizontal well provided by the invention, the shortages of the prior art can be conquered, and the problem of optimizing non-constant fracture conductivity of the fractured horizontal well along the fracture length direction is effectively solved, so that reasonable basis is provided for the optimization design of reservoir reformation, and the reservoir reformation effect is improved.


Clinical manifestation:A 25-year-old woman was found a head mass at the age of 8and high blood pressure when she was 15years old.Three years ago,she began to complain of the feeling of dizziness.In the physical exam,we found that the blood pressure of her lower limb was significantly lower than upper limb,and a vascular murmur was heard at bilateral neck,chest and back shoulder area.Examination:CTA of the chest, abdomen and neck had revealed coactation of descending aorta,aneurysmal dilatation of brain vascular,atrteriovenous fistula,stenosis of left vertebral artery and other vascular malformation.Diagnose:Coarctation of the aorta with multiple vascular malformation.


This paper presents a comparison of array-level performance of non-volatile SOT-MRAM and SOTFET-RAM to conventional 6T CMOS SRAM using a specially developed simulation suite that merges physics-based compact models and layout-based parasitic extraction. Unlike prior work, our characterization framework generates a full layout of the memory array including all peripheral logic and routing. The framework uses an industry-standard parasitic extraction tool to generate the full netlist including parasitics which is then simulated using compact models for the appropriate emerging non-volatile device. Using this framework, we show about 1.8x energy savings for total read operations and write operations, and 2x area savings for the SOT-based memories relative to a comparable CMOS SRAM for a $256\times 128$ array size. Our unique full-layout approach also enables important insights that challenge conventional wisdom based on higher-level modeling.