Given a general graph G, a fundamental problem is to find a spanning tree H that best approximates G by some measure. Often this measure is some combination of the congestion and dilation of an embedding of G into H. One example is the routing time p(G, H) ≤ O (congestion + dilation), the number of steps necessary to route pairwise demands G on network links H in the store-and-forward packet routing model. Another is the condition number k<inf>f</inf>(G, H) ≤ O (congestion · dilation), the square root of which bounds the number of iterations necessary to solve a linear system with coefficient matrix G preconditioned by H using the classical conjugate gradient method. The algorithmic applications of being able to find (efficiently) a good tree approximation H for a graph G are numerous; but what if no good tree exists.In this paper, we seek to identify the class of graphs G which are intrinsically difficult to approximate by a particular measure. It is easily seen that with respect to routing time, G is hardest to approximate by a tree H precisely when it contains either long cycles (which yield high dilation)or large separators (which yield high congestion). We show that with respect to condition number, the existence of long cycles or large separators in G is sufficient but not necessary or it to be hardest to approximate, by demonstrating a nearly-linear lower bound or the case in which G is a square mesh. The proof uses concepts from circuit theory, linear algebra, and geometry, and it generalizes to the case in which H is a spanning subgraph of G of Euler characteristic k. The result has consequences or the design of preconditioners or symmetric M-matrices and perhaps also of communication networks.


In this paper we investigate a special type of annuity where the annuity is issued to a policyholder who is in reasonable health at the outset; however, if the policyholder subsequently becomes disabled then the annuity payments are increased to a higher level depending on the level of disability.

We analyse different types of disability-linked annuities, both single life and last survivor, in order to examine their main characteristics and assess their suitability as potential new products in the annuity and long term care (LTC) market.

Initially, we use a central set of assumptions - in particular, incorporating the central set of morbidity trend assumptions used by Rickayzen and Walsh (2002) - to calculate various quantities. These include the expected times spent in different states of disability, the probabilities of each level of annuity enhancement eventually being triggered and the single premiums required. We then use pessimistic and optimistic assumptions to replicate the expansion and compression of morbidity theories, respectively, to provide a sensitivity analysis. In addition, we consider the effect of widening the definition of disability used for the product to make it more appealing to consumers. We also examine the underwriting considerations by calculating the theoretical premium which should be charged if a moderately disabled individual were to purchase the product. Finally, we estimate the potential market in the UK for this group of products.

Our main conclusion is that when we compare the disability-linked annuity with the corresponding traditional whole life annuity, the increase in premium involved is relatively modest. The reasons for this are twofold. Firstly, the mortality and morbidity risks act in opposite directions. Therefore, an individual receiving an annuity enhancement due to severe disability will also face shorter life expectancy. Secondly, periods of disability are likely to occur towards the end of life. Therefore, the value of the annuity enhancements is relatively small since they are discounted so heavily. For similar reasons, we find that moving to optimistic or pessimistic morbidity assumptions has relatively little effect on the premiums. Finally, we note that the product is only likely to be affordable to the more affluent sector of the UK elderly population; nevertheless, we estimate that there is a considerable potential market for a product which appears to have many attractive features.


The first year of the Industrial Development Think Tank research tackled the record of structural transformation of the South African economy including the factors that underlie the observed outcomes. The research adopted a combination of analytical frameworks including political economy analyses, global value chains, capabilities and competition, rivalry and barriers to entry. The current research agenda builds on the work conducted in year one and sets out to examine questions relating to firm decisions and structural transformation in the era of industry 4.0. At the centre of this exercise is understanding how firms take decisions to invest in technological upgrading including the factors that facilitate or constrain the ability to do so. As such, it is important to study the technologies in context of their various applications. This requires the research to be embedded in sectors/industries. Therefore, the analysis requires a detailed understanding of various conceptual frameworks as understanding the introduction, use and diffusion of new technologies within these ecosystems is of critical interest, as well as how changes to these dynamics impact structural transformation in the South African context. JEL Classifications: O14, L16, O32


This paper investigates the relationship between some corpuscularian and Aristotelian strands that run through the thought of the sixteenth-century philosopher and physician Julius Caesar Scaliger. Scaliger often uses the concepts of corpuscles, pores, and vacuum. At the same time, he also describes mixture as involving the fusion of particles into a continuous body. The paper explores how Scaliger's combination of corpuscularian and non-corpuscularian views is shaped, in substantial aspects, by his response to the views on corpuscles and the vacuum in the work of his contemporary, Girolamo Fracastoro. Fracastoro frequently appears in Scaliger's work as an opponent against whom numerous objections are directed. However, if one follows up Scaliger's references, it soon becomes clear that Scaliger also shares some of Fracastoro's views. Like Scaliger, Fracastoro suggests corpuscularian explanations of phenomena such as water rising in lime while at the same time ascribing some non-corpuscularian properties to his natural minima. Like Scaliger, Fracastoro maintains that there is no vacuum devoid of bodies since places cannot exist independently of bodies (although their opinions diverge regarding how exactly the relevant dependency relation might be explicated). Finally, like Scaliger, Fracastoro connects a continuum view of mixture with a theory of natural minima.


FIELD: recovery of liquid radioactive waste. SUBSTANCE: proposed method for recovering liquid radioactive waste of low level of activity from 137 C radionuclides by extracting 137 C radionuclide and alpha-ray nuclides involves introduction of magnetite slurry into solution being decontaminated, settling down of ferrocyanide magnetite particles selective to metal cesium extraction due to introduction of potassium ferrocyanide and soluble salt of respective metal into solution, and correction of solution pH to 9 by means of alkali. Sorbent is removed by settling it down followed by additional decontamination of cleared solution using magnetic separation method. EFFECT: ability of decontaminating low-activity liquid radioactive waste from cesium radionuclides and alpha-ray nuclides. 1 cl


Correspondence to Kyung Mok Sohn, M.D. Division of Infectious Diseases, Chungnam National University Hospital, 282 Munhwa-ro, Jung-gu, Daejeon 301-721, Korea Tel: +82-42-280-8060, Fax: +82-42-257-5753, E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com Copyrightc 2013 The Korean Association of Internal Medicine This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. 파종성 결핵을 동반한 Good 증후군 1예


ABSTRACT Mioellization of aqueous mixture of sodium octyl sulfonate ( C8As )/ cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) and sodium dodecyl sulfonate (C12As)( CTAB in the presence of sodium bromide has been studied by surface tension measurement. Nonideal solution theory has been used to calculate the molecular interaction parameters (βM and βs). The oil-aqueous interfacial tensions of C12As/ CTAB, C8As/CTAB, C12As/dodecyl trimethylammonium bromide (DTAB) systems were also measured. We studied the influence of the surfactant concentration, surfactant molar fraction ratio, hydrocarbon chain length, added NaCl and alcohol concentration on the interfacial tension.


In the original example of a transfinite hierarchy of degrees of unsolvability, a predicate Ha is associated with each a in the set 0 of ordinal notations. (See Kleene [K1], Spector [S1], and the references there to Davis and Mostowski.) The predicates are defined by means of induction over the partial well-ordering relation ≤0 on the set 0 of notations for the recursive ordinals. The usefulness of this hierarchy of predicates is enhanced by Spector's proof [S1] of the "uniqueness" property: viz. that the degree of Ha depends only on the ordinal |a| for which a is a notation.


The improvement of employment quality of farmer laborers plays a key role in enhancing economic development and constructing a harmonious society.The government can take measures to improve it from these aspects:the idea of people-oriented,farmers' vocational training,the construction of social safeguard,social duties,governmental supervision and the elimination of the prejudice against farmers.


A series of 21 carbamates and 8 aziridines were compared for quantitative carcinogenic activity using the pulmonary tumor-induction method in Strain A mice for bioassay. Aziridines as a class were more active than the carbamates, with 3,4-dichlorophenyl- N -carbamoylaziridine being over 20 times more active on a molecular dose basis than urethan, the most active of the carbamates. Three carbamates ( N -hydroxyethyl, N -cyanoacetyl ethyl, and N -acetyl ethyl) approached the activity of ethyl carbamate. Methyl carbamate was completely inactive, suggesting an important role in carcinogenesis of the carboethoxy portion of the molecule.

The pulmonary tumor response in Strain A mice is a rapid, reproducible, economic, quantitative bioassay for carcinogenic activity, and wider use of this method is recommended.


Aim:To develop an LC-MS method for the determination of lisinopril concentration in human plasma.Method:After being made acidified with HCl(10 mmol/L),plasma was extracted with the solid phase extraction method using C_(18)-cartridges and separated by RP-HPLC on a reversed phase C_(18) column with mobile phase consisting of CH_(3)OH-40 mmol/L NH_(4)Ac(containing 0.1% HCOOH) water solution(45∶55) and enalaprilat being used as the internal standard.The eluate from the HPLC column was plumbed directly into the ESI probe.LC-MS was operated in the selected ion monitoring(SIM) mode using target ions at m/z:406.2 for lisinopril and m/z:349.2 for the internal standard.The fragmental voltage was 150 V.Results:Calibration curves were linear over the range 1~300 ng/mL with 1 ng/mL of the limit of quantification for lisinopril in plasma.Recoveries of lisinopril at 2,30 and 250 ng/mL were estimated to be 73.46%,76.67% and 80.79%,respectively.The relative standard derivation of both intra-batch and inter-batch was less than 15%.CONCLUSION:The developed method is suitable for pharmacokinetic study of lisinopril in human plasma.


The hydrodynamic forces encountered by aquatic animals are of general interest in understanding the functional design of them and also affect their energetic requirements and therefore their body morphology and swimming patterns. They are also significantly ecological because they can affect aquatic animals' distribution, behavior or dispersal. The hydrodynamic drag forces act on the fish body when fish is swimming. Body size and morphology of fish vary among different individuals and species, so the drag forces acting on their bodies differ even in the same hydrodynamic conditions or swimming velocities. A recirculating water flume was used to generate steady flow relative to the fish specimen and the water drag acting on it. Using the principle of a bell crank lever, we designed a drag force transducer. The drag force transducer changed the horizontal drag into a vertical one and the vertical force was displayed on an electronic scale, a component of the drag force transducer. The drag force acting on fish specimen was calculated by summing the moments about the pivot point of the bell crank lever. Ten Japanese flounder(Paralichthys olivaceus) were experimented in a recirculating water flume. The drag forces acting on each fish specimen were measured at fifteen velocities(0.30, 0.35, 0.40, 0.45, 0.50, 0.55, 0.60, 0.65, 0.70, 0.75, 0.80, 0.85, 0.90, 0.95, 1.0 m/s)with the self-designed drag force transducer and then the drag coefficient could be calculated for each individual at each velocity. The drag coefficient calculated from measured drag data depends on how A is defined. In this case, we employed the cross-sectional area, the wetted surface area and the two-thirds powers of volume as the reference area. From the measured data we obtained three kinds of drag coefficients C_(df)(referenced to the cross-sectional area), C_(ds)(referenced to the wetted surface area)and C_(dv)(referenced to the two-thirds powers of volume). For the three kinds of drag coefficients the mean values were 0.70 for C_(df), (0.020) for C_(df) and 0.31 for C_(dv), with standard deviations of 0.094, 0.000 76 and 0.028, respectively (with the Reynolds number ranging from 2.7×10~4 to 1.91×10~5). The results showed that each drag coefficient referenced to different representative areas was distinct from the other two. Among the three kinds of drag coefficients, the standard deviation of the drag coefficient referenced to the wetted surface area is the least. So using wetted surface area to reckon water drag on Japanese halibuts is more suitable than other two kinds of drag coefficient.


The Raman and far-infrared spectra of crystalline cyanogen iodide have been recorded. High-frequency shoulders alongside the Raman bands confirm the piezoelectric nature of this solid and allow an estimate to be made of the frequencies of the longitudinal modes associated to the fundamental vibrations. Dipole derivatives calculated from these frequencies agree qualitatively with those obtained from infrared band intensity measurements.


Addition of CO_2 to an equimolar amidine/amine mixture leads to formation of a switchable ionic liquid, an amidinium carbamate, and appearance of strong fluorescence by a solute, pyrene. Passing a 'displacement gas', N_2, through the ionic liquid or heating it regenerates the amidine/amine mixture and quenches the fluorescence almost totally. No switching or appreciable fluorescence is found when an amidinium dithiocarbamate is the medium.


(57) Abstract: it is possible to adjust the β1 integrin subunit dependent cell adhesion comprising an amino acid residue having a lipophilic alkyl side chain aromatic amino acid residues and residues of a second C-terminus of the C-terminal subjecting the peptide. These "LipAr" C-terminal peptide will typically be able to adjust the β1 integrin subunit dependent adhesion of cells such as Ramos cells.


In this paper we consider performance improvement of decode and forward (DF) relays via joint modulation at relays, power allocation across the relay nodes and relay selection. Initially, we consider a canonical relay network scenario consisting of three nodes, of which two of them constitute source and sink nodes and one of them would act as a relay. The source and sink nodes cannot reach each other directly and therefore rely on the relay for data forwarding. We assume all the three nodes use orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) as the physical (PHY) layer transmission mechanism. Further it is assumed that, the relay node performs joint modulation on the data received from both the nodes as described in [1] (henceforth referred to as decode and forward joint modulation (DFJM)), thus creating a broadcast frame which is then transmitted to both the nodes. The performance of this DFJM at relay is compared against the simple DF technique in which relay does not perform any processing. Our simulation results suggest that the former outperforms the latter in terms of throughput. Our simulation results also suggest that the throughput improvement with DFJM against the simple DF technique was found to be much higher in networks that are asymmetric with respect to transmission rates. Next we consider the performance of DFJM scheme with relay selection and power allocation by considering a relay based network with more than one relay in it. Our simulation results on this aspect suggest that an equal power allocation among various relays gives better throughput values as against that of the scheme where relay selection is combined with optimal power allocation. This behavior is contrary to what was observed in a related work where simple analog relays were considered [2]. The relatively better performance of the DFJM scheme with equal power allocation as against that of the scheme with relay selection followed by optimal power allocation can be attributed largely to the following: (i) less number of transmission slots that a DFJM based scheme would require and (ii) the inherent diversity advantage of having all the relays transmit.


The virtual instrument technology is going to be used in the BEPC beam diagnostic system using LabVIEW to take the automatic measurement, the beam parameter analysis and the dynamic display. In this paper, we will discuss the implementation of LabVIEW applications based on the client/server model via TCP/IP. The hardware interface to instruments and the software interface to other programs are described. A summary of integrating virtual instrument technology with the existing BEPC beam diagnostic system is given.


size throughout life. It is unable to shed its older cells, as is the case with the nails and skin. The gradually enlarging lens tends to push the root of the iris forwards, narrowing the small drainage angle between the iris and the cornea. This may be sufficiently advanced at the age of 45 to be an important factor. Also, in people with relatively small corneae the disproportion between the lens and the cornea is mechanically disadvantageous. In addition, early incipient cataract is of more frequent occurrence than might be supposed. These lens changes are associated with varying degrees of water absorption and swelling of the lens. The swelling of the lens gives rise to the important clinical sign, when noted, of progressively increasing myopia, actual or relative. Should the pupil of an eye in which these conditions prevail individually or in concert be dilated, the " bunching up " and thickening of the iris at its root may, and probably will, sufficiently plug up the drainage outflow to induce the onset of "simple" or of acute glaucoma. If atropine was the mydriatic used the situation' would be difficult even if recognized early.


This paper seeks to examine the relationship between capital structure and bank financial performance. This research had verified the existence of several negative relationships between capital structure (accumulated capital and annual investments) and strategic financial performance, while finding mixed results for the relationship between capital structure (accumulated capital and annual investments) and profitability.


This chapter addresses the changing nature and function of the attachment system as it develops into adolescence and becomes intertwined with broader patterns of affect regulation.


Arsenic contamination in the ground water has serious health consequences in many parts of the world. The surface sorption method for arsenic mitigation has been widely investigated due to its simple method, inexpensive operation, highly efficient and low content of by-products. In the present study, nanostructured hydrated cerium aluminum oxide (NHCAO) was synthesized and characterized and its arsenic (III) sorption behavior from the aqueous solution was studied. The material was characterized in SEM, FE-SEM, TEM, AFM, XRD, and FT-IR. Batch method was used for the kinetics of As (III) sorption on nanoparticles at 303 (± 1.6) K and at pH 7.0 (± 0.2). The experiments on isotherm subject were performed individually at 288K, 303K, 318K temperatures at pH 7.0 (± 0.2) using the batch sorption method. In the kinetics study of arsenic (III) sorption, the sorption percentage was observed to remain nearly unchanged up to pH 9.0, thereafter only slight reduction in sorption percentage. The equilibrium sorption results were tested using the models of Langmuir and the Freundlich isotherm. The Langmuir model is the most fitted model for the sorption reaction. NHCAO was highly efficient in As(III) removal out of the water in the extensive range of pH and could be used for arsenic removal from contaminated water.


'Waves: Fundamentals and dynamics' discusses the various aspects of wave dynamics from many different perspectives. The main topics include the fundamentals of oscillations and waves, the big picture of wave dynamics as a propagation of oscillation, the mathematical aspects of waves, the various properties of waves, and the propagation of waves along with some actual techniques. Each concept is broken down to be as easily digestible as possible in order to facilitate understanding of the underlying physics. Part of Series on wave phenomena in the physical sciences


The vacancy of the current supervision mechanism of the NPC delegate's election in China has created the huge contrast between the advanced democratic election theory and the backwardness election practice,and has seriously restricted the function of NPC system.Therefore,have a thorough understanding and study systematically on the present situation of this problem,will have important theoretical and realistic significance to set up legal concept,run the country according to law,and further perfect the NPC system of our country.


Thermolysis of the h 2 -alkyne complex (h 5 -C5H5)Co(PPh3)[h 2 -(MeO2C)C/C(CO2Me)] (1-DMAD) leads to formation of an ortho -metalated vinyl-phosphonium derivativ e( h 5 -C5H5)Co[h 2 -(MeO2C)HC/C(CO2Me)PPh2(h 1 -o -C6H4)] (4) as well as a small amount of the tricobalt bis(carbyne) cluster [(h 5 -C5H5)Co]3[m 3 ,h 3 -C(CO2Me)]2 (3-CO2Me). Thermolysis of 1-DMAD in the presence of added triphenylphosphine gives 4 as the major product, with no evidence for formation of 3-CO2Me. Complexes 4 and 3-CO2Me were characterized by X-ray crystallographic analyses. # 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.


Disclosing positive experiences to others (i.e., "capitalization") is associated with personal and interpersonal benefits (Gable & Reis, 2010). Unfortunately, people who perceive low self-esteem (LSE) in close others are reluctant to capitalize, holding back from those they expect will be unsupportive (MacGregor & Holmes, 2011). In Study 1, we extend previous findings by demonstrating the importance of the type of experience disclosed; participants capitalized less positively with an (ostensibly) LSE friend when disclosing an accomplishment, not a positive experience attributed to happenstance. In Study 2, we demonstrate the external validity of the phenomenon by examining real discussions between romantic partners. Participants capitalized less positively with their LSE partner, behavior associated with lower relationship satisfaction 6 weeks later (particularly for women).


In order to achieve the goal of sharing the experiment resources and carry out inter-army cooperating experiment, a solution of constructing joint war-fighting experimentation platform based on service grid and grid workflow is proposed. Distributed, dynamic and isomerous experiment resources are integrated and shared effectively by using service grid technique; on the other hand, a service based cooperative workflow model is also developed to support dynamic discovery, selection, composition and execution of experiment resources and their corresponding virtualized grid services under given tasks. The proposed methods can optimize the experiment process and support inter-army cooperating experiment


Background  Increasingly, patient decision aids and values clarification methods (VCMs) are being developed to support patients in making preference‐sensitive health‐care decisions. Many VCMs encourage extensive deliberation about options, without solid theoretical or empirical evidence showing that deliberation is advantageous. Research suggests that simple, fast and frugal heuristic decision strategies sometimes result in better judgments and decisions. Durand et al. have developed two fast and frugal heuristic‐based VCMs.


The diagnosis and management of periodontal emergencies
is a common part of general dental practice. The objective of
this review was to critically evaluate the available literature on
periodontal abscess and endodontic periodontal lesions. Periodontal abscesses are defined as acute lesions

characterized
by localized accumulation of pus within the gingival wall of the
periodontal pocket / groove, rapid tissue destruction and are
associated with the risk of systemic dissemination. Endodontic
periodontal lesions are defined by a pathological communication
between pulp and periodontal tissues in a given tooth, present
in acute or chronic form, and are classified according to the
signs and symptoms that have a direct impact on their prognosis
and treatment. Periodontal abscesses and acute presentations
of endoperiodontal lesions share characteristics that differentiate them from periodontitis lesions.

Periodontal abscess and
endodontic periodontal lesion are common conditions in which
periodontal tissues can be destroyed quickly, these conditions
are among the few clinical situations in periodontics where
patients can seek immediate attention. Its importance lies
not only in the prognosis of the affected tooth, but also in the
possibility of spreading the infection.


Svenskt Rockarkiv is an organization located in Hultsfred, Sweden. Its goal is to collect and document the history of Swedish rock music. The archive contains several types of documentation, such a ...


ABSTRACT In recent years, social media has provided higher education institutions with new means of communication with their target groups. In this study, research was conducted on top public universities from four countries in Central Europe, with a focus on their Public Relations activities on Facebook. The purpose of this research is to explore the use of Facebook by selected universities and to provide a set of practical benchmarks on successful communication with the public. The quantitative data analysis was conducted using the data mining tool Netvizz. Data from 2017 and 2018 obtained from 31 Facebook profiles of selected universities were used. The findings provide evidence on the use of Facebook by universities for Public Relations. Furthermore, they reveal that different post features generate different customer behaviour. The study contributes to a better understanding of marketing-related activities on social media in higher education field.


The flux of high energy neutrinos produced in the decay of 8B is proportional to the 7Be(p,γ)8B reaction cross section. Large uncertainties in this cross section limit our ability to test solar models. Direct measurements are underway to reduce the uncertainties to a level of 5% at solar energies. The S17 value seems to converge towards a 19 eV b value instead of 22.4 eV b, which implies a significant reduction (15–20%) in the 8B solar neutrino flux.


This study focuses on examining the hemodynamic profile in older people with symptoms of orthostatic intolerance (OI) undergoing an active stand and to investigate if their dynamic cardiovascular profile during six-minute walk distance would be different to those of controls. The database included a total of 65 participants, aged over 70 years of age (70.11±5.85), of whom 65% were females. The participants underwent a supine to stand orthostatic test with non-invasive beat to beat systolic (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and inter-beat interval (R-R) monitoring. Sample Entropy (SampEn) method was calculated at each phase. R-R SampEn values showed statistically significant differences during Phase 2 and Phase 4 between symptomatic and asymptomatic OI participants. This study empathizes the importance of entropy analysis to extract information of cardiovascular signals. SampEn based measures might provide useful indicators of pathological changes in cardiac activity and be suitable for the early detection of autonomic cardiovascular dysfunction.


Every person has the right to express their full potential in life. Thus, sport too must provide an occasion for personal and social development. Sport is a source of values as well as of counter-values as is the case with lack of respect, abuse of power towards competitors, breaking rules, success at all costs. People with disability often have no access to sport practice which, instead, is very important especially for children, due to its high educational value. Also, in their daily lives, people with disability encounter barriers that limit and influence their possibilities of dealing with and of relating to people without disabilities on an equal basis. In this direction, this paper present a new integrated sport, created by a team of researchers through the European project "Integrated football. A new Frontier of Sport for All" co-funded by the Erasmus+ Sport Program (2016-17), in wich Univerity of Rome Foro Italico is involved. The paper will, still, show the results of a qualitative analysis of a focus group, organized at the end of the project with the referents of Country involved. The aim is check the change in perception of sport and disability. The change of attitude shows trends of validity of the inclusive sport model, especially in countries where there is no long inclusive tradition.


Anisotropic behaviour and three-dimensional (3D) strength are two significant properties of soils. This paper incorporates the spatially mobilised plane (SMP) criterion into the anisotropic critica...


Based on the shortcomings of poor compatibility, weak practicality, and low accuracy in current linkage systems, this paper designed a gradation of event correlation model with real-time response mechanism. It will be analyzing technology in data mining association rules is introduced to analyse the processing of security incidents. Then the system through the analysis of a large number of real-time data collecting all kinds of security devices found hidden in the data and related information to improve detection precision and safety accident treatment work. At last, apply this model into the system, to demonstrate the effectiveness of the model and priority.


【The purpose of this study was to compare the circumference and skinfold thickness of upper and lower limb and the leg strength of the casted limb with those of the normal limb after removal of a leg cast. The subjects for the study were orthopedic patients who had had long and short leg casts or splints due to tibial, fibulal, metatarsal, calcaneus fracture or ankle sprains. The subjects were divided into two groups, those who had the cast on for less than 40 days and those for over 41 days. Circumference and skinfold thickness of the upper and lower limb on the side on which the cast was ap-plied were compared with those of the contralateral side after removal of the cast. Circumference and skinfold thickness of the upper and lower limb, and leg strength for those in a cast for under 40 days were compared with those of over 41 days for both the side to which cast was applied and the contralateral side. Measurements were made after removal of the cast. Skinfold thickness was measured by fat caliper, circumference was measured by tape and lower extremity strength was determined with flat foot pressing on an electronic digital health meter in the sitting position. The results can be summarized as follows : 1. The circumference of the upper and lower leg on the side on which the cast was applied, when measured after the cast was removed, were significantly less than those of the normal side, 93.88%, 93.11% each. 2. Skinfold thickness of the quadriceps and gastrocnemius on the side on which the cast was applied were significantly less than those of the normal side when measured after removal of the cast, 85.98%, 82.85% respectively. 3. Leg strength on the side where the cast was applied was significantly 1ss than that on the normal side, 60.20%. 4. There was no difference in the circumference of upper and lower limbs, skinfold thickness or leg strength on the side where the cast was applied between the group which had the cast applied for under 40 days and the group that had it applied for over 41 days. 5. The circumference of the upper arm and lower leg on the normal side for the group that had the cast applied for over 41 days was significantly greater than the group that had the cast application for under 40 days. T ere was no difference between the two groups in the circumference of the forearm and upper leg, skinfold thickness and leg strength in the normal side. From these results, it may be concluded that muscle atrophy was apparent in the casted limb compared to the normal limb, and the circumference of the upper arm and lower leg, and leg strength on the normal side increased after removal of the cast in the group which had the cast on for more than 41 days.】


Translanguaging refers to bilinguals receiving information in one language and then applying it in the other language, which also means that bilinguals use their languages in daily life to make sense of their bilingual worlds. The aim of this review paper is to summarize the functions and influence factors of translanguaging during the communication between students and teachers in EFL/ESL classes by observing the production of codeswitching.


TheInternethascausedimportantchangesin all level of journalistic business. Also, the offer and demand of digital newspapers is increasing remarkablyinthelastyears.Bearinginmindthe scarce of literature about Internet readers' behaviour,thisresearchanalyzesthekeyfactors that influence on users' attitude to electronic newspapers.Theresultsallowustonotetherole playedbytheperceivedaddedvalueandcost,as well as personal abilities of users. Thus, man agementshouldpotentatethepossibilitiesofdig italmedium,inordertoincreasethepositiveattitude to the readership in the electronic channel and to differentiate the digital offer versus the conventionalnewspapers.Moreover,theyshould simplifytheuseoftheirwebsitestoincreasethe potential market' size with less familiarized readers.


This paper discusses grade is Maving sas, which is a construction engineering company, founded in 2000 by its founder Joshua Morales engineer civil engineer, in his 14 years Maving has stood for quality and functionality his works are, within their main functions the study, design, construction and auditing to develop civil, hydraulic, geothermal, road projects, exploration wells, irrigation districts, drainage, vertical construction, among others. Besides this, in this paper grade is explained everything that has to do with the development of system quality management based on ISO 9001, 2008, where various procedures such as quality manual rose, objectives and policies quality are included in the quality manual, the six mandatory procedures for ISO 9001 2008 standard manual functions with their respective profiles according to the flowchart, and other documentation needed for the quality management system.
The diagnosis was made, where he explained how the company was facing its customers and that was what they expected from Maving, and how he was against the system of quality management, which did not have a good foundation to start its development, approved by senior management for different processes and process characterization (PDCA) formats are also explained, finally the control Maving must bear to have the operation under control with various formats and instructive to realize it correctly. and documentary audit that was scheduled to senior management Maving the make, this audit will define whether the management system management is complete or is there something to correct this audit will be conducted with the approved formats for audit processes


The use of technology has become increasingly important in language teaching and learning. The successful use of technology, however, requires that language teachers have the necessary technical competence and pedagogical knowledge. The volume Teacher Education in CALL, edited by Philip Hubbard and Mike Levy, appears at a critical time when the issue of how to prepare current and future language teachers for effective use of technology in their profession is a serious and growing concern. As the editors point out in the introduction to the volume, "both pre-service and in-service language teachers will find themselves at a disadvantage if they are not adequately proficient in computer-assisted language learning" (p. ix). Although the International Society for Technology in Education (ISTE) has produced a set of guidelines to increase technological competence among teachers (ISTE, 2000), CALL teacher education presents a number of unique challenges and opportunities that have not yet been fully explored. For example, several chapters in the volume report that many teachers do not have access to solid professional development or lack institutional support, and that it is often unclear whether CALL training will lead to subsequent changes in teaching practice. It is also unclear what types of teacher education work best in which situations, and how teachers perceive and respond to different professional development opportunities that involve learning about and using technology.


In the current investigation, a novel geothermal based cooling innovation is produced for the cooling of PV and CPV framework, which are named as earth water heat exchanger (EWHE) and earth air heat exchanger (EAHE). For the advancement of such innovation, the reenactments were done in TRNSYS by coupling EWHE with unglazed PV boards. The reproduction results demonstrated that the presentation of the coupled (unglazed PV/T+ EWHE) framework scarcely relies upon the EWHE pipe material and line width. Accordingly, rather than utilizing costly electrifies iron (GI) and steel pipes, less expensive line material could be utilized with more modest measurements, similar to 12 mm, to accomplish ideal execution. Further recreation considers were done on coated PV/T frameworks with EWHE cooling by creating one dimensional numerical model utilizing MATLAB vR12a. The scientific models were created for two kinds of coated PV/T frameworks for example cylinder and-sheet and wide water channel. To approve these two models with the mimicked one. It was seen that, with the utilization of EWHE cooling, the electrical effectiveness of cylinder and-sheet PV/T framework is expanded by 1.5% when contrasted with without cooling.


Abstract Translation is an important means of enabling access to information in an emergency response. Increasingly, volunteer translators have been using social media platforms to self-organize and carry out urgent translation tasks that effectively complement official disaster relief efforts. However, the role of crowdsourced translations and the capacity of volunteer translators in reducing the impact of disasters remain underestimated and therefore understudied. Based on semi-structured interviews with five volunteer translators and online observation of their translation practices, this study investigates the role of a volunteer-driven crowdsourced translation effort in facilitating the donation and procurement of medical supplies between Wuhan and the world. By addressing the real challenges of urgent crisis communication in Wuhan in the early stages of the pandemic, this study draws attention to the need to integrate information and communication technologies with multilingual resources for disaster relief. In addition, it calls for the inclusion of multilingual logistics in national emergency preparation, response and recovery plans.


ABSTRACT The reality brought about by the pandemic has impacted both tourists' behavior and destination imagery around the world. In the current post-pandemic process of tourism recovery, understanding the full range of travelers' perceptions is essential for better management of cities as tourist destinations. This paper develops a latent class segmentation approach for a sample of tourists visiting Shanghai over the 2021 Chinese New Year. Data suggest that tourists with predominantly higher perceptions of communication will have better perceptions of the destination. In addition, we identify a number of clusters (i.e. involved travelers, challenging travelers, and uninterested travelers) based on respondents' heterogeneity characteristics, both general and travel-specific. In the final section, we discuss the theoretical implications of our study and propose a set of recommendations for practice.


Abstract Background Antibiotic resistance is a serious and growing concern worldwide. Although Enterobacteriaceae bloodstream infections (BSI) are severe, little is known regarding the impact of multidrug resistance (MDR) on children. This study aimed to describe the clinical and microbiological features of MDR Enterobacteriaceae BSI in a children's hospital in Japan. Methods Children (<18 years of age) presenting with Enterobacteriaceae BSI at Tokyo Metropolitan Children's Medical Center in Japan between March 2010 and March 2017 were enrolled. The clinical characteristics and outcomes of patients with MDR and non-MDR Enterobacteriaceae BSI were compared. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's definition of MDR was used for this study. Results In total 134 blood cultures from 127 patients were analyzed. The median age was 3.6 years (IQR: 0.3–9.8 years), and boys accounted for 52.8% of the subject pool. Underlying diseases were noted in 92.1% of patients. In 79.1%, BSI developed >48 hours after admission. The most common isolate was Escherichia coli (47.0%) followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae (23.1%). MDR was detected in 35.8% (48/134) of culture, with Escherichia coli occurring with the highest frequency (23.1%) followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae (7.5%). The MDR strains producing ESBL, AmpC, and carbapenemases comprised 17.9%, 7.5%, and 1.5% of the cases, respectively. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the history of corticosteroid use within 30 days was independently associated with the development of MDR Enterobacteriaceae BSI (OR: 3.63; 95% CI: 1.35–9.73). Initial empiric therapy was less effective against MDR, than non-MDR, strains (51.1% vs. 83.8%, P < 0.001). MDR was not significantly associated with an increased rate of all-cause mortality (MDR 10.4% vs. non-MDR 3.5%, P = 0.134) or sepsis-related mortality (MDR 6.3% vs. non-MDR 2.3%, P = 0.349). Conclusion A history of corticosteroid use within 30 days was an independent risk factor for the development of MDR Enterobacteriaceae BSI in children. MDR did not increase the mortality rate significantly. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.


The governments of most Asian countries have used incentives or disincentives as a population policy strategy. In the 1960s the Indian government offered money or gifts to acceptors at mass sterilization campaigns. In the late 1960s through the 1970s Singapore enacted legislation penalizing large families, including delivery fees for the third and subsequent children, denying them government housing and a choice of schools. There were also rewards to small families. During the late 1970s China started its own 1-child policy with the objective of limiting the population to 1.2 billion by the year 2000. Incentives included monthly welfare or nutritional allowances; priorities in housing, education, and medical care; and expanded maternity benefits. Disincentives included fines, deductions from salaries, withdrawal of maternity leave, health coverage, and allowances. There have also been charges of forced sterilization and abortion, which led to the US termination of funding to UNFPA because of its support of China's program. Incentives and disincentives raise the ethical issue of how to balance governmental actions attempting to control population growth against individual reproductive rights. In practice abuse has been rampant, therefore voluntary choice in childbearing should not be infringed upon no matter how strong the government interest is. To this effect some standards are proposed: 1) Governments restricting reproductive choice have the burden of demonstrating that continued population growth threatens the survival of society. 2) The people who are subject to the policy must agree that it is valid. 3) Measures that are less restrictive of voluntary reproductive choice should be tried and proved ineffective before more restrictive measures are employed. 4) The burdens of restrictive measures should be distributed equitably. 5) Penalties that directly punish children for being a high order child should not be used at all.


Panorama image can provide 360 degrees view in one hotspot, which could solve the traditional three-dimensional expression of inadequate authenticity, difficult data acquisition as well as laborious and time-consuming modeling. However, we need other geographic information. So we propose a kind of integrated model based on GML, which contains a set of data structures to obtain panorama, terrain and 3D Data rapidly from the GML file, after analyzing GML files structure and parsing by the Document Object Model (DOM). The experiment shows that integrated model is very validated in web application using PTViewer, Java 3D and Web-related technologies.


Remarkable progress in the synthetic chemistry of supramolecular assemblies has created many new structural types. With the proliferation of new structures has come increasing interest in the properties and behavior of these assemblies. Does the cooperativity of constituent components lend an assembly new properties distinct from the components themselves? Do the properties of an assembly make it suitable for application as a nanovessel for new chemistries? The latter question may lead to the synthetic targeting of assemblies for specific applications. Physical study of supramolecular systems informs the evolution of new structures, which express more complex supramolecular functionality.


The use of a copolymer of a salt of 2-methyl-2 - [(1-5 oxo-2-propenyl) amino] -1-propanesulfonic acid and ester hidroxietilpropenoato, in the preparation of a composition intended to promote and / or accelerate fibroblast proliferation in vivo or ex vivo.


This research aims to give empirical evidence of the impact of independent corporate governance organ's busyness on earnings quality and market mispricing. This research utilized a sample of non-financial firms. It investigated the effect of independent corporate governance organ's busyness on earnings management and earnings persistence using random-effect panel data regression. Furthermore, the Mishkin Test was used to investigate market mispricing. The results showed that the busyness of independent commissioners and independent audit committees had a positive effect on increasing the magnitude of earnings management and a negative impact on the persistence of the accrual component but did not cause market confusion in assessing the company's earnings components. Furthermore, it was discovered that the degree of independent director's business did not influence the magnitude of earnings management. Instead, it resulted in poor persistence of the accrual component and market uncertainty in assessing earnings components.


Safety performance of rural signalized intersections is critical for identifying high-risk sites and predicting the hazardousness. This paper aims to develop a predictive model that will describe the safety of rural signalized intersections based on various input variables. Data are examined from 124 rural signalized intersections over three states, and Poisson log-linear regression model is presented, which connected traffic number and the average traffic volumes, geometric characteristics and signalization characteristics variables together. The model and associated data analysis reveal that average daily traffic, media width, speed limit, degree of horizontal curvature and left-turn lane are the factors that have greatest overall effect on safety. The results show that the Poisson log-linear regression model is able to describe the rural signalized intersection safety accurately. Using this model, effective countermeasures can be applied for improving traffic safety.


There are many reasons for a CAN system to be benchmarked or reverse engineered. An example is when full documentation on the CAN system is unavailable, sparse or incorrect and some engineering task needs to be carried out such as: • conversion of a car or truck to an electric powertrain • CAN system is exhibiting a fault that needs to be fixed • Fitment of special controls is needed such as for a disabled driver • Competitor product analysis


High-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC) is the most common and malignant form of ovarian cancer. Although patients with HGSOC are likely to respond to treatment, it is common for the cancer to recur and become resistant to treatment, therefore there is a need to develop new targets and novel combinations to increase patient survival rates. ATRi's (Ataxia telangiectasia and Rad3 related inhibitors) have shown efficacy in HGSOC. Considering ATRi's have shown moderate efficacy as a single treatment in HGSOC patients, we hypothesized that combining ATRi's with ONC201 would enhance efficacy. ONC201 is a pro-apoptotic TRAIL-inducing compound that activates the integrated stress response and inactivates the Akt pathway which is upregulated in over 70% of HGSOC. Inactivation of the Akt pathway may result in a synergistic effect that could be translated for use in patients with HGSOC. Three HGSOC cell lines were treated with the novel drug combination of ceralasertib (ATRi) and ONC201 and CellTiterGLO viability assays were performed after 72 hours to evaluate the synergistic effect of combination treatment. Western blots were performed to investigate the synergistic effect of combination treatment on the Akt pathway as well as expression of the cellular metabolic stress protein ATF4. Cytokine profiling using the Luminex 200 technology was performed to study treatment-induced changes in the tumor microenvironment. Cell viability after ceralasertib and ONC201 combination treatment showed synergy in HGSOC cell lines (OVCAR3, KURAMOCHI, TOV21G). In TOV21G cell line, combination studies of ONC201 and ceralasertib calculated by compusyn software demonstrated a synergistic effect of both drugs, Combination indexes below one were observed at concentration of 0.008-2 μM of ceralasertib with 0.31-5 μM of ONC201 with the best combination index of 0.65. We similarly observed synergy in the two other cell line between ONC201 and ceralasertib. Western blotting showed reduction in total Akt and Erk expression and an increase in ATF4, consistent with the observed synergetic effect of ceralasertib and ONC201 combination. Our ongoing studies are exploring potential mechanisms of synergy between ceralasertib and ONC201 and effects on immune–mediated killing of HGSOC cells. Our results suggest a rational and potentially effective novel therapy combination of ATRi ceralasertib and ONC201 that maybe further developed for HGSOC.
 Citation Format: Maryam Ghandali, Kadir Mert Selvi, Kelsey E. Huntington, Andrew George, Anna Ochsner, Benedito A. Carneiro, Donn S. Dizon, Wafik S. El-Deiry. TIC10/ONC201 in combination with ceralasertib exhibits potent synergy in high grade serous ovarian cancer cells. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2023; Part 1 (Regular and Invited Abstracts); 2023 Apr 14-19; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2023;83(7_Suppl):Abstract nr 5512.


PWM techniques of neutral-point-clamped three-level inverters (NPC-TLI) aim at equally distributing the DC bus voltage among two split capacitors along with the generation of the average three-phase voltage. The virtual space vector class of PWM (VPWM) can make the ripple in the capacitor voltage zero at every switching cycle by ensuring that the carrier cycle average of the neutral point current is zero. The nearest three space-vector PWM (NPWM) synthesizes the average output voltage with better quality and at a lower switching frequency when compared with VPWM. With NPWM, it is not possible to achieve zero average neutral point current over a carrier cycle at all operating conditions. But by adjusting the distribution of dwell time among two redundant states through a feedback controller, it is possible to minimize the ripple in the capacitor voltage. This also ensures dynamic balancing of average voltage. Hence, this NPWM with the voltage balancing scheme is a popular choice and termed as general NPWM (GNPWM) in this work. The space vector implementation of GNPWM involves complex computation. This paper presents a carrier-based algorithm for implementing GNPWM that does not require sector identification etc. It obtains the duty ratios of six independent switches of TLI directly from the three reference output voltage signals through minimal computation. The proposed algorithm is validated through MATLAB simulation and experiment on a 2.5 kW hardware prototype.


OBJECTIVETo investigate the chemical constitutents in the stem of Piper hancei Maxim for obtaining a more comprehensive understanding on its effective components.METHODSCompounds were separated by column chromatography with silica gel and polyamide, whose structures were elucidated by spectral analysis and chemical evidence. RESULTS Seven compounds were isolated from the EtOAc extract. Their structures were identified as:N-p-coumaroyltyramine (Ⅰ),N-trans-feruloyltyramine (Ⅱ),aristololactams AⅢa(Ⅲ),aristololactams AⅡ(Ⅳ), vallnic acid(Ⅴ),veratric acid(Ⅵ)and daucosterol(Ⅶ). CONCLUSION Compounds Ⅰ~Ⅳ and Ⅶ~Ⅸ were isolated from the plant for the first time.


The inverse degree index of a graph $G=(V,E)$ without isolated vertices is defined as $\ID(G)=\sum_{v\in V}\frac{1}{dv}$, where $dv$ is the degree of the vertex $v$ in $G$. In this paper, we show a relation between the inverse degree of a graph and the inverse degree indices of the primary subgraphs obtained by a general decomposition of $G$, we establish some relations between the inverse degree index and other known indices and an application to a specific chemical structure is given.


Need analysis is the starting point in designing a course or developing material. It is used to gather information from the population about what they need in learning. This study aims at investigating the needs of English for math instructional material for the mathematics education department at UIN Alauddin Makassar. The design research was descriptive quantitative and qualitative research. The population of the research was 64 students, ten graduates, and two lecturers. Research data were collected by using questionnaire and interview. The questionnaire comprises present situation analysis, target situation analysis, and learning needs. The findings show that 1) students have fair ability in English skills – listening, speaking, reading, writing, vocabulary, and grammar, and pronunciation; 2) students need to learn more in reading than others skills. Vocabulary related to their major, and grammar; 3) students need to learn auditorily and visually through video. Students also need to learn in a small group and work in pairs.


Cellular immunity is an important component of human immune system and plays a crucial role in the fight against tumor cell or invasive pathogens.Researches on cell-based immunotherapy have long been focused on eliciting tumor-specific CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes(CTL) because of their potent killing activity and their ability to reject transplanted organs.However,the resulting treatments have been surprisingly poor at inducing complete tumor rejection,in both the experimental models and clinical trials.The CD4+ T cells has been studied mainly for their role as helpers for CD8+ CTL,even suggesting that the tumor-specific CD4 T regulatory cells could act as suppressors of antitumor responses.Recent studies indicated that CD4+T cells are not a pure cell lineage with single function,but a cell population with complex functions.Moreover CD4+ T cells may not only be helper cells,but also act as potent effector cells or partners with NK cells that can clear a wide variety of tumors.In a word,the antitumor potential of effector CD4+ T cells might have been underestimated.In this article,the classification and differentiation of CD4+ T cells,the function and secreted cytokines of CD4+ T cells,the CD4+ T cells and tumor immune,the tumor-immuno regulatory effects of CD4+ T cells,and clinical researches of CD4+ T cells are reviewed.


Documents related to the case of The State of Texas vs. Webb Berry, accused of "seriously threatening to take the life of Jno. A. Sharpe," filed November 26, 1875. Documents are a bill of indictment signed by B. W. J. Wofford, a witness summons, an arrest warrant and bond note for Webb Berry, and an application for a subpoena submitted by the defense.


Juarez-Badillo, E. 1985b. General volumetric constitutive equation Young and F.C. Townsend. American Society for Testing and for geomaterial. In Special volume on constitutive laws of soils. Materials, Special Technical Publication 892, pp. 137-153. Proceedings, 1 lth International Conference on Soil Mechanics Juarez-Badillo, E. 1990. General stress-strain-time equation for and Foundation Engineering, San Francisco, pp. 13 1-135. soils. Internal Report, Division de Estudios de Posgrado, Juarez-Badillo, E. 1986. General theory of consolidation for clays. Facultad de Ingenieria, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de In Consolidation of soils. Testing and evaluation. Edited by R.N. Mexico, Mexico.


We tested the hypothesis that the capuchin monkey adrenal (Cebus apella) gland has oscillatory properties that are independent of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) by exploring under ACTH suppression by dexamethasone: (i) maintenance of a circadian rhythm of plasma cortisol and (ii) clock time dependency of plasma cortisol response to exogenous ACTH. The capuchin monkey had a clear ACTH and plasma cortisol rhythm. Dexamethasone treatment resulted in low non‐rhythmic ACTH levels and decreased cortisol to 1/10 of control values; nevertheless, the circadian rhythm of plasma cortisol persisted. We found that cortisol response to exogenous ACTH was clock time‐dependent. The maximal response to ACTH occurred at the acrophase of the cortisol rhythm (0800 h). These results suggest that the capuchin monkey adrenal cortex may possess intrinsic oscillatory properties that participate in the circadian rhythm of adrenal cortisol secretion and in the circadian cortisol response to ACTH. Am. J. Primatol. 70:93–100, 2008. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


DDD/Sgn mice have significantly higher plasma lipid concentrations than C57BL/6J mice. In the present study, we performed quantitative trait loci (QTL) mapping for plasma total-cholesterol (CHO) and triglyceride (TG) concentrations in reciprocal F2 male intercross populations between the two strains. By single-QTL scans, we identified four significant QTL on chromosomes (Chrs) 1, 5, 17, and 19 for CHO and two significant QTL on Chrs 1 and 12 for TG. By including cross direction as an interactive covariate, we identified separate significant QTL on Chr 17 for CHO but none for TG. When the large phenotypic effect of QTL on Chr 1 was controlled by composite interval mapping, we identified three additional significant QTL on Chrs 3, 4, and 9 for CHO but none for TG. QTL on Chr 19 was a novel QTL for CHO and the allelic effect of this QTL significantly differed between males and females. Whole-exome sequence analysis in DDD/Sgn mice suggested that Apoa2 and Acads were the plausible candidate genes underlying CHO QTL on Chrs 1 and 5, respectively. Thus, we identified a multifactorial basis for plasma lipid concentrations in male mice. These findings will provide insight into the genetic mechanisms of plasma lipid metabolism.


Through plentiful examples, this article deals with a wide variety of wise representations of the typical Chinese sentence pattern "yi…jiu".


The article is devoted to the image of Russian Pan-Slavism in the last third of the XIX century. The subject of the study is the explanation of the phenomenon of Russian Pan-Slavism in the main works of domestic and foreign historiography of the XX-XXI centuries. An attempt has been made to trace the change in the assessment of the relationship between Russian Pan-Slavism in the last third of the XIX century with the later idea of Slavic reciprocity through the prism of perception of Russian/USSR foreign policy. In the framework of this study, the author distanced himself from attempts to compare it with the idea of Slavic (or Orthodox reciprocity) as vectors of foreign policy. The main conclusions of this study are the affirmation that domestic tradition remains a desire to separate Pan-Slavism, Slavophilism, the idea of Slavic and Orthodox reciprocity; in the foreign tradition, authors tend to trace the continuous genesis from the middle of the XIX century and to this day, they often associate very different political and social views in their structure within the framework of the single term "Pan-Slavism".


Recently, all solid-state pulsed power generators, which are operated with high repetition rate, long lifetime and high reliability, have been developed for industrial applications, such as high repetition rate pulsed gas lasers, discharges plasma in water and high energy density plasma for extreme ultraviolet (EUV) light sources.


The microstructure and the hard magnetic properties of the melt-spun (Fe1−xPtx)78Zr4B18 (x=0.385, 0.45, 0.50, and 0.55) nanocrystalline alloys have been investigated. The ordered L10-FePt phase with a grain size smaller than the critical single domain size is directly formed by rapidly quenching of the alloy melt with x=0.45 and 0.50. The alloys have a mixed microstructure composed of the L10-FePt and fcc phases, and exhibit high coercivity (Hc) of 649 and 688kA∕m, respectively, in an as-quenched state. On the other hand, the alloys with x=0.385 and 0.55 are found to composed of two fcc phases and fcc+L12-FePt3+L10-FePt, respectively, and exhibit Hc values lower than 70kA∕m in an as-quenched state. The rapidly quenching of the melt of the (Fe1−xPtx)78Zr4B18 alloys with x=0.45–0.50 is useful to realize the good hard magnetic properties through the grain size refinement of the near equiatomic FePt alloys.


In the Third World, regional military-security cooperation has evolved through three frameworks. The advent of the Cold War saw the emergence of two competing frameworks, one of which may be termed `autonomous' and the other, `hegemonic'. A review of these frameworks and their practical manifestations points to some important lessons concerning the limitations of regional military-security cooperation in the Third World. By using these lessons as a conceptual framework, the paper analyses the role of ASEAN, which the paper finds as a third framework in the evolutionary adaptation of regional military-security cooperation in the Third World. Within this framework, the four main criteria of evaluation applied to ASEAN are: (1) ASEAN's role in intra-member conflict resolution, (2) the structure of military-security cooperation within ASEAN, (3) the types of military-security cooperation undertaken by the ASEAN members, and (4) the conflict between ASEAN's professed aspirations for regional autonomy versus the need felt by its members for great power security guarantees. On the basis of such an evaluation, the paper establishes the major features and limitations of ASEAN and examines whether these are similar to some other contemporary subregional groupings in the Third World groupings.


The present study examined the relationship between music preferences, values, and musical identities in a sample of 606 Greek college students. Students indicated the importance of music in defining and evaluating themselves and their values on an abbreviated version of the Schwartz Value Survey (Schwartz, 1992). A typology of music preferences was revealed, with five factors: sophisticated and complex (e.g., jazz); native-Greek traditional (e.g., 'rebetika'); sentimental and sensational (e.g., pop); established rebellious (e.g., rock); and non-mainstream dissonant (e.g., punk). Hierarchical regression analyses showed that values and perceived importance of music to self-definition (i.e., musical identities) contribute differentially in predicting the music preference structures, for example self-transcendence predicted established rebellious and conservation predicted sentimental and sensational; also musical identity was positively related to established rebellious and negatively to sentimental and sensational. These findings are discussed and interpreted within a psychological, as well as an interdisciplinary, theoretical framework.


Pre-treatment technology was deeply discussed to explain its importance in guaranteeing properties and formability of aluminium alloy automotive sheet.Some typical application of aluminium alloy automotive sheet to automotive industry was listed.Based on the author's knowledge and recognition of this paper and research progress present,the stress research contents about aluminium alloy automotive sheet were emphasized.Reducing cost and price of sheet and deeply developing application research are important work for the expending the application of aluminium alloy automotive sheet to the automobile.


Esca proper and Botryosphaeria dieback are among the most widespread Grapevine trunk diseases (GTDs), characterized by similar decline symptoms. In the present work, chronic, apoplexy and death symptoms were analysed separately in four vineyards and four different cultivars, on more than 1,000 vines per cultivar, taking into account ten-year annual surveys. The cumulative incidence of plants with chronic symptoms (CHR) reached high values on 'Sauvignon Blanc' (81.9 %), 'Cabernet Sauvignon' (79.4 %) and 'Cannonau' (66.5 %), but it was low on 'Merlot' (25.1 %). 'Sauvignon Blanc' showed the highest cumulative incidence of apoplectic events (23.1 %) and dead cordons (49.2 %), while 'Cannonau' had the greatest number of dead plants (28.8 %). In each symptom category, incidence among cultivars differed significantly according to χ2 test at P ≤ 0.05. Annual incidence of foliar symptoms fluctuated over ten years (ranging from 0.9-9.5 % in 'Merlot' to 6.3‑59.1 % in 'Cabernet Sauvignon'), mostly with regard to CHR. On average, every year only 33.9 % of plants showing CHR had expressed symptoms in the previous year, while 48.6 % did not show symptoms the following year. Conversely, most of the plants exhibiting apoplexy or death were symptomatic the previous year. According to Tuckey HSD test (P ≤ 0.05) 'Merlot' had the highest incidence of plants showing CHR symptoms for the first time (72.1 %) and of apparently recovered plants (76.3 %), while 'Cabernet Sauvignon' exhibited the highest incidence of plants showing CHR symptoms also the previous year (50.0 %). The 'Cabernet Sauvignon' attitude to show chronic symptoms with a certain continuity was also confirmed by the low incidence of plants with hidden symptoms (lack of symptoms in previously symptomatic vines). On the contrary, the incidence of acute symptoms (apoplectic events and dead plants) was quite low on 'Cabernet Sauvignon'. The present study confirms that GTD incidence is influenced by cultivar. All the cultivars assessed were susceptible, but with differences in intensity, type (chronic or acute) and fluctuation of symptoms. It cannot be excluded, however, that besides the genotype also external factors, as the vigour conferred by the type of soil or the combination with the rootstock, may have influenced the results.


Effects of Doenjang made with lipoxygenase(LOX)-free genotype soybean on the lipids profiles and hepatic antioxidant enzyme activities in rats fed high fat-cholesterol diet were investigated. Sprague-Dawley rats divided into five groups for 5 weeks; normal diet(Normal), high fat-cholesterol diet(HFC), and high fat-cholesterol diet containing 5% of Doenjang powder(HFC+D1, Taekwang Doenjang; HFC+D2, 05C4 Doenjang; HFC+D3, LS Doenjang). In vitro, activity of the cholesterol adsorption in the LS Doenjang exhibited 1.5-fold increases than Taekwang Doenjang in 4mg/mL concentration. The food efficiency ratio(FER) of the HFC was significantly increased compared to normal, only HFC+D3 was significantly decreased compared to HFC. Rohrer, T.M. index and body fat content in all groups fed Doenjang were significantly decreased to HFC, especially Lee index and BMI value in groups fed LOX-free soybean Doenjang were significantly reduced. Serum total lipids and triglyceride level significantly reduced with all groups fed Doenjang, whereas HFC+D3 was markedly decreased serum total cholesterol, HDL-, LDL-cholesterol level and CRF value compared to HFC(p<0.05). There was no differences in serum AST and ALT activities between HFC+D1 and HFC+D2, HFC+D3 was significantly lower to that of the HFC+D1 and HFC+D2. Content of hepatic total lipids in the HFC+D3 was decreased to 25.2% to HFC(p<0.05), contents of triglyceride and total cholesterol in HFC+D2 and HFC+D3 were significantly reduced compared to the HFC. Fecal triglyceride content in all groups fed Doenjang was increased to 26.2~40.3%(p<0.05) to HFC, but total cholesterol content was significantly increased only HFC+D3 compared to HFC. Hepatic SOD activity was higher significantly in the HFC+D2 and HFC+D3 compared to HFC, catalase and GSH-px activities were significantly increased in all groups fed Doenjang. UDPGT activity was significantly increased up to that of the Normal group, especially HFC+D3 was higher significantly to Normal. Therefore, these results suggest that Doenjang made from LOX-free soybean may exert positively to the lipid improvement in vivo and prevent obesity.


The dynamical behavior of two types of non-equilibrium systems is discussed: $(a)$ two-dimensional cellular structures, and $(b)$ living polymers. Simple models governing their evolution are introduced and steady state distributions (cell side in the case of cellular structures and length in the case of living polymers) are calculated. In both cases the models possess a one parameter family of steady state distributions. Selection mechanism by which a particular distribution is dynamically selected is discussed.


In any book, classroom activity, discussion, or theme assignment, there is probably something to which someone can object. One of the great teachers' myths is the supposition that we can avoid complaints by censoring books ourselves. On the contrary, Lee Burress, who conducted the NCTE 1977 censorship survey, concludes that attacks are so capricious that they could be prevented only by eliminating almost everything from the curriculum (Davis, 1979). The more books in the school, the more likely an attack. Beginning teachers rarely have much control over the number of books used in the school. Neither are they in a position to prod the English department, the administration, the union, or the school board to establish procedures for dealing with citizens' complaints about books or to adopt guidelines supporting the teaching of controversial issues. Teaching five classes and 150 students each day, handling hall duty, developing a knowledge of and sensitivity to adolescents, and studying new texts account well enough for beginning teachers' time and energies. Most especially the best resistance to censorship requires group action. New teachers are not yet full members of the group. What actions can new teachers take, then, to protect themselves and their students from censorship? They can prepare their own positions on academic freedom and on what they alone are teaching, and they can identify policies and people to depend upon in case of trouble.


With constant push for smaller and faster devices photo mask technology has become the most critical part of the entire integrated circuit (IC) production flow. Mask inspection and mask defect repair are increasingly important components of advanced photo mask technology. The low cost of mask manufacturing and the necessity of delivering photo masks to production floor in the shortest possible time require new photo mask specs and acceptance criteria. It is no longer economically viable to reject a photo mask because some mask anomalies were found, or repair all the defects detected by state of the art inspection tool. One should use a smart approach to separate tolerable mask anomalies from real mask defects that might negatively affect device yield. However, this is not a trivial task. With rising mask complexity (e.g., binary masks with aggressive optical proximity correction or phase-shifting masks (PSM) attenuated and alternating) and inspection and metrology tools running out of steam, new technologies such as the AIMSTM and Virtual Stepper system must be used to sort nuisance mask defects from real ones. This will help to reduce the number of required defect repairs and shorten mask manufacturing cycle time. However, it is very difficult to utilize AIMS in the production environment because of its low operational speed; the Virtual Stepper software, in its turn, does rely on mask data captured by inspection/metrology hardware. In the case of phase masks, such as Attenuated PSM (especially high transmission EAPSM) and Alternating PSM, inspection tools are not able to accurately retrieve optical properties of mask materials and as a result defect analysis is becoming very difficult and is an unreliable task. A very common type of PSM defect that occur during mask manufacturing and repair processes are the so-called distributed defects such as gallium stains, riverbed pinhole clusters, and large chrome residuals (on EAPSM). It is very difficult to get accurate information about the transmittance and phase of these defects at actinic wavelength using inspection and metrology tools. With a simulation study one can reconstruct such mask defects, and by varying defect phase and transmission one can learn about the impact of such mask defects on printed wafers. In addition, lithography simulation helps to better understand how mask defects behave under different lithography process conditions. In our work we investigated several cases of distributed mask defects such as large chrome residuals and clustered pinholes on EAPSM. Based on our simulation, we found a relationship between photo mask defect transmissivity and resulting printed wafer critical dimension (CD) error. Simulated wafer results are presented in different forms: CD errors, process window, and Exposure- Defocus latitude changes. Conclusions about distributed defects printability have been made.


Using the Melt Transformation Coextrusion process it is possible to enhance the mechanical and thermal properties of polymeric extrudates directly from the melt and maintain continuous production rates. This adaption of melt transformation extrusion has significantly enhanced line speed compared to the precursor process. The required operating pressures in both processes are low enough to allow for the usage of commercial plasticating extruders as the polymer melt sources. Molecular orientation necessary to produce property enhancement is induced in the converging section of specially designed dies and retained by the core layer of the extrudate by imposing a steep temperature gradient in the land section of the die. Mechanical properties (i.e. tensile strength and modulus) and melting point elevation observed for the polypropylene core/polyethylene skin extrudates were functions of extrusion pressure. The highest values of these properties noted were: tensile modulus, 9.37 × 105 psi; tensile strength, 2.10 × 104 psi; and melting point elevation in excess of 10 K. The levels of property enhancement seem to be bound in their lower limit by a metastable liquid crystalline form. The upper theoretical limit of property enhancement should correspond to a fully extended chain morphology.


This survey of Google's rise to prominence as the de facto search engine of choice focuses on the theme of relevance as a guiding principle. As Google has diversified its offering through both organic growth and acquisition, the potential manifestations of relevance have multiplied, to the point where the nature of its market may need to be reassessed.

Excerpt

UVA-M-0818

Aug. 11, 2011

Google, King of Search

In 2010, Google had an 80% market share of the world's Internet searches and over $ 29 billion in revenue. The following year, the U.S. Federal Trade Commission (FTC) began an investigation to determine whether Google was abusing its dominance in search advertising. Over the previous 12 years, the corporation had also diversified into a variety of products, from those developed organically, such as Gmail and Google Maps, to large acquisitions, such as YouTube. How had Google become such a powerhouse in just over a decade that it faced antitrust charges? And, with so many products, how exactly should Google's market be defined?

Becoming an Advertising Machine

Larry Page and Sergey Brin founded Google on their initial insight that effective searches relied less on key words than on links, and they emphasized maintaining focus on that core competency (Table 1). Less evident to them was how to monetize the concept. Other search engines had employed banner ads and pop-ups, which they considered intrusive and distracting, so instead, they developed AdWords, simple text-only ads that appeared above and alongside search results, the goal being "for the ads you see on Google to be as useful to you [the internet searcher] as they are to the advertisers."

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Although uncommon, insulation failure (IF) during minimally invasive surgical procedures can cause electrosurgical injuries that can lead to significant complications. For instance, the resulting burns of these injuries involve a high risk of tissue necrosis and abscess formation that can lead to the perforation of internal organs, such as the bowel, which in turn can result in bacterial contamination of the abdominal cavity.


A parametric time-varying model is developed and is used to generate a feature set that captures the dynamics of rapidly changing speech signals. The performance of this time-varying feature set on such signals, e.g. transitions into and out of stop consonants, is studied. Although several such models have been proposed in the recent literature, most employ least-squares methods for parameter extraction which do not perform very well in the presence of additive noise or when the magnitudes of some of the coefficients are very small, both distinct possibilities when dealing with real speech data. Furthermore, these models fail to differentiate regions of glottal excitation from those where the glottis is closed. The elimination of glottal effects can lead to significantly more accurate parameter estimates. In this work, each of these issues is addressed. An all-pole model with linearly time-varying predictor coefficients is the basis for the system. Only data corresponding to the closed-glottis portion of a pitch period are considered. Accordingly, a procedure to identify and extract regions of the data which best fit the model is developed. An efficient, iterative algorithm solves the non-linear optimization problem that results from the maximum likelihood estimate of the parameters. The resulting parameters are used to factorize the time-varying formant trajectories over the interval of analysis. A general feature set consisting of the time-varying predictor coefficients and formant trajectories is developed. The time-varying feature set is utilized to classify the unvoiced stop consonants. A novel adaptive classifier, Learning Vector Classifier, (LVC), is also described, and its performance is compared to that of other similar classifiers. Very high, speaker-independent, recognition rates, $\approx$95%, are obtained using no information from the release of the consonant. Only data concerning the second formant prior to closure are used. The high recognition rates are evidence of the effectiveness of this time-varying feature set. Further improvements in recognition accuracy are anticipated when information from the burst in conjunction with a more complete time-varying feature set is used.


The embodiment of the invention provides a code stream data scheduling method and a server. The data stream data scheduling method and the server are configured to realize flexibly schedule code stream data for a terminal. The method comprises: the server determines the code stream of the data to be played of the terminal according to the network bandwidth information of the terminal, and the server schedules the determined code stream of the data to be played to the terminal.


We develop an alternative time-dependent numerical renormalization group formalism (TDNRG) for multiple quenches and implement it to study the response of a quantum impurity system to a general pulse. Within this approach, we reduce the contribution of the NRG approximation to numerical errors in the time evolution of observables by a formulation that uses the difference of eigenvalues instead of their absolute values, as in our previous multiple-quench TDNRG formalism [Nghiem {\em et al.,} Phys. Rev. B {\bf 89}, 075118 (2014); Phys. Rev. B {\bf 90}, 035129 (2014)]. We demonstrate that the new formalism yields a smaller cumulative error in the trace of the projected density matrix as a function of time and a smaller discontinuity of local observables between quenches than in our previous approach [Nghiem {\em et al.,} Phys. Rev. B {\bf 90}, 035129 (2014)]. Moreover, by increasing the switch-on time, the time between the first and last quench of the discretized pulse, the long time limit of observables systematically converges to its expected value in the final state, i.e., the more adiabatic the switching, the more accurately is the long time limit recovered. The present formalism can be straightforwardly extended to infinite switch-on times. We show that this yields highly accurate results for the long time limit of both thermodynamic observables and spectral functions, and overcomes the significant errors within the single quench formalism [Anders {\em et al.}, Phys. Rev. Lett. {\bf 95}, 196801 (2005); Nghiem {\em et al.}, Phys. Rev. Lett. {\bf 119}, 156601 (2017)]. This improvement provides a first step towards an accurate description of nonequilibrium steady states of quantum impurity systems, e.g., within the scattering states NRG approach [Anders, Phys. Rev. Lett. {\bf 101}, 066804 (2008)].


Photodisruption of ocular tissue with high power pulsed lasers operating at nonabsorbing frequencies (at least to first order) has become a well-established ophthalmic surgical technique. Damage from a photodisruptive laser is initiated by optical breakdown at the focus of the laser beam. The plasma initially expands with hypersonic velocity as a result of the plasma pressure and temperature. A shock wave is emitted when the plasma expansion decreases to subsonic velocity, while further expansion of the plasma produces a cavitation bubble. This event is followed by the implosion of the cavitation bubble, which may create secondary acoustic transients, such as radially propagating acoustic waves. There are indications that the primary surgical effect of photodisruptive lasers is due to tissue evaporation by the laser plasma.' Shock waves and cavitation bubbles may cause extended collateral tissue damage if they reach large magnitudes. In the case of traditional ophthalmic Nd:YAG lasers, which generate nanosecond pulses with energies in the millijoule range, collateral tissue damage has been observed in a large volume as a result of acoustic side effects. This limits the application of this technique to high-precision microsurgical applications, such as corneal surgery. Experiments have indicated that the threshold energy for optical breakdown decreases if laser pulses with shorter durations are applied.* This results in markedly reduced shock wave and cavitation bubble effects3 The reduced side effects nearly eliminate collateral tissue damage, potentially opening new applications in intraocular surgery. Recent developments in laser technology have demonstrated stable, solid-state generation of amplified femtosecond laser pulses, making their application to intraocular microsurgery feasible. Using a regeneratively amplified Ti:sapphire laser, we have demonstrated the cutting of a plane parallel to the surface of fresh porcine corneas to create a flap, which can be used as part of a refractive surgical procedure. The corneas are harvested and flattened between two microscope slides to create smooth and even surfaces. Laser pulses are focused approximately 250 p,m inside the tissue bulk to a diameter of 1 p m with a help of a high numerical aperature aspheric lens. The focal spot of the laser beam is then raster-scanned to create a corneal flap. The pulse energy is varied from 0.25 to 2 p,J and the spot separation is varied between 2 and 5 p,m in different experiments. The flap is then dissected open to reveal the internal surfaces and allow for scanning electron microscopy. A typical surface cut by the femtosecond laser is shown in Fig. 1. Preliminary results indicate that surfaces comparable to, or better than that obtained with a conventional mechanical microkeratome (Fig. CTuT5 Fig. 1 Scanning electron photomicrograph of corneal flap surface created with 100-fs pulses (0.25 pJ/pulse energy, 2 pm spot diameter, 5 p,m spot separation). Magnification SOX. Magnetic-field-induced quenching of time-reversed light in the diluted magnetic semiconductor CdMnTe


--------------------------------------------------------ABSTRACT----------------------------------------------------------Safety and health at work are extremely important, yet they still appear to be one of the most neglected factors in the aviation industry. Almost 90% of accidents that occur in the workplace are due to human errors. While studies suggest that the lack of skills and experience among workers can significantly increase the prevalence of human errors, few studies actually investigate how stress and fatigue can affect human error. Hence, this study aims to explore the significance of the effects of stress and fatigue and work on human error in aviation industry. Questionnaires were developed and distributed to several air traffic control units across China and Eastern Europe. A total of 73 questionnaire responses were collected. The responses were analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics. It was found that fatigue and stress play a major role in the work of air traffic controllers. Research showed that pressure with 58.90%, fatigue with a total of 60.30%, and shift work with 76.70% are the main stressors among ATCOs. The results of this study are highlighting main areas of concern and can act as useful guidance for further research.


Although language is usually studied and described as a static kind of structure, the dynamic language of everyday interaction is also of interest to linguists. Interactional language is a rapidly changing, transient series of phenomena, and is extremely complex. Yet it is understood; it is intelligible to any normal speaker of the language! And to the extent that it is intelligible, it ought to be structured and studiable, just as are any other shared human phenomena! The problem is how to conduct such a study. The general approach has been to employ a model derived from other structural considerations, and to apply this to interactional speech. Although this is a natural and useful solution, it may tend to obscure and delay certain kinds of questions which are particularly pertinent to the dynamics of speech, and which contribute directly to its study. These have to do with context, information, relationships, and canons for the measure of sameness and difference. Since moment-to-moment phenomena are tremendously numerous even from a simple observational frame, one of the first questions to be asked must concern the nature of units. Are there things like units of intelli-


Using a powerful expression cloning method in COS cells, we have cloned the TGF‐β types II and III receptors. The type III TGF‐β receptor is a membrane‐bound proteoglycan with a core protein of about 110 kDa. Stable expression of the type III receptor in L6 myoblasts leads to an apparent increase in the ability of the type II receptor to bind iodinated TGF‐β1. The cloned type II receptor has a predicted protein core of about 60 kDa with a cysteine‐rich extracellular domain, a single transmembrane domain, and a functional serine/threonine kinase domain that is homologous to the activin receptor and to the C. elegans protein daf‐1. These results implicate serine/threonine phosphorylation as an important mechanism of TGF‐β action. © 1992 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


Author(s): Opperman, Jeff; Merenlender, Adina; Lewis, David | Abstract: A debris-free stream is not always a happy stream! Large woody debris is a critically important resource for California's fish and wildlife. Learn how fallen tree trunks and limbs benefit stream ecosystems.


We studied the methods for boosting a user participating service using KOSEN(The Global Network or Korean Scientists and Engineers) OpenLab service. OpenLab is a laboratory database of all the fields of science and technology, and it is different from other services in that basically it makes users register their information volunteerly. User participation service is not easy, so we made several strategies like promotion, event, and connection to other services. In result, we could collect about 4,300 laboratory database. Because user participation is a key concept for the Web 2.0, this study would contribute to the operation of the related services, especially to the services for scientists and engineers.


This paper introduces a Petri Net-based multimedia programming method. For this purpose, we are proposing MPN(Multimedia Petri Net) which can be used for representing a multimedia scenario. We are also introducing methods to analyze a MPN with which we can detect some kinds of design faults in the scenario. A multimedia program replays the scenario by interpreting the MPN. A method to implement such a multimedia program is also discussed. Our multimedia program provides the manipulation functions of stop, play, fast forward. rewind, and fast rewind. There are many varieties of Petri Net. Several of them are for modeling multimedia scenarios. They all have been used for synchronization analysis. But none of them were used for replaying multimedia scenario. We have extended these nets to MPN. A MPN model contains not only the flow of a scenario but also all the information associated with the data units. Therefore, our player can play the multimedia scenario by interpreting the MPN.


Abstract Subtle responsive properties can be achieved by the photonic crystal (PC) nanostructures of butterfly based on thermal expansion effect. The studies focused on making the sample visually distinct. However, the response is restricted by limited thermal expansion coefficients. We herein report a new class of reversible thermochromic response achieved by controlling the ambient refractive index in butterfly PC structure. The photonic ethanol-filled nanoarchitecture sample is simply assembled by sealing liquid ethanol filling Papilio ulysses butterfly wing. Volatile ethanol is used to modulate the ambient refractive index. The sample is sealed with glasses to ensure reversibility. Liquid ethanol filling butterfly wing demonstrated significant allochroic response to ambient refractive index, which can be controlled by the liquefaction and vaporization of ethanol. This design is capable of converting thermal energy into visual color signals. The mechanism of this distinct response is simulated and proven by band theory. The response properties are performed with different filled chemicals and different structure parameters. Thus, the reversible thermochromic response design might have potential use in the fields such as detection, photonic switch, displays, and so forth.


A simple signalization system has been developed for freeways with less heavy traffic. This system can be extended thanks to its modular structure. The more or less close-circuit system comprises matrix signals, local stations, loop detectors and a central station. /Author/TRRL/


A phase measurement technique for millimeter wave chipless tag μ−displacement sensor considering bistatic configuration is presented. For this purpose, a bistatic antenna configuration is employed, where the angle between the incident wave and the backscattered signal is chosen to increase the useful part of the tag signal. The displacements are analyzed along the 1D axis parallel to the alignment of the antennas. The validity and accuracy of the displacement method have been verified by moving the tag to different positions considering static antennas. The measured displacement deviations achieved based on the proposed approach are around 5 μm for a 30 μm step. It indicates precise and low-cost displacement chipless tag sensors for millimeter-wave applications.


Rapid, accurate and sensitive method for simultaneous determination of salbutamol sulphate (SAL) and prednisolone (PRE) in pharmaceutical dosage form was developed in the present work. The first developed method wasArea under curve method, wavelength selected is 232-222nm for salbutamol and 249-239nm for prednisolone respectively. Linearity was observed in concentration range of 6–20μg/ml for salbutamol as well as for prednisolone. Second developed method was high performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC). The mobile phase selected was Ethyl acetate: Chloroform: methanol (6.0: 4.0:1.0 v/v/v) with UV detection at 230 nm. Retention factor for SAL and PRE were found to be 0.17 ± 0.02 and 0.52 ± 0.03 respectively. For HPTLC method, linearity was observed in the concentration range of 1–6μg/band for salbutamol and 2–6μg/band for prednisolone and drugs was subjected to oxidation, acid hydrolysis, base hydrolysis and sun light to apply stress condition for degradation studies. Results of analysis were validated statistically and by recovery studies.


Airspaces around the world are introducing capabilities and infrastructure to handle higher traffic densities. Highly capable satellite based navigation is being adopted to help aircraft operate more efficiently in the future. Furthermore, Automatic Dependent Surveillance Broadcast (ADS-B), where aircraft and other users broadcast their precise position, velocity and intent, is being introduced to help manage these airspaces. This allows air traffic and other aircraft to have excellent awareness of the airspace users. Adoption of new systems and technologies will only intensify as future airspaces will have to handle more varied traffic such as unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV). GNSS is critical to both future air navigation and ADS-B. Many of improvements in future airspace are primarily achieved with GNSS. This makes a robust, accurate terrestrial alternate essential should GNSS be unavailable. This paper examines using the Traffic Information Services Broadcast (TIS-B) service that is part of ADS-B implementation to provide terrestrial navigation. TIS-B would broadcast an aircraft position report generated using radar measurements. Conceptually, an aircraft may be able to use the reception of its own TIS-B report to provide knowledge of its position. This paper provides an overview of the concept and of the potential capabilities of the system.


Dr Yorke was born in Rotherham on 18 October 1922 where he attended the Rotherham Grammar School for Boys. He started his medical studies at King's College Hospital in London in 1942, but in 1945 his studies were interrupted when he joined a group of medical students invited to help those


• interpret experimental HRTEM images; • verify the possible structure model(s) by comparing experimental and calculated images and electron-diffraction patterns; • predict how the images and diffraction patterns will look under certain microscope conditions for a particular structure in a particular orientation; • predict the resolution required for a particular microscope to resolve the atoms in a particular structure; • find out the experimental conditions under which an image was taken; • find out the optimal experimental conditions of a particular microscope for a particular structure.


It was studied that the time-depended variance of hydration products and hydration degree of complex shrinkage-compensating binders composed with Portland cement, expansive agent and mineral admixtures at the different water-binder ratios using XRD, ESEM and amount of chemically combined water. Hydration products begin to nucleate in the first 6 hours and then increase obviously. The amount of chemically combined water gets in large quantity in the first day and increases steadily till 7th day. Then, its increasing extent declines. The final hydration degree of binders is proportioned with their hydration reactivity in the condition of high water-binder ratio. The kinetic factor is one of main controlling factors to the hydration degree under the condition of low water-binder ratio. The amount of chemically combined water and its time-depended increasing tendency of binders decrease obviously along with their water-binder ratio and are not proportional with their hydration reactivity.