Studies designed to determine the respective roles of substance P, excitatory amino acids, and enkephalins in amygdaloid modulation of defensive rage behavior in the cat are presented. The basic design of these studies involved three stages. In stage I, cannula electrodes for stimulation and drug infusion were implanted into medial hypothalamic of midbrain periaqueductal gray (PAG) sites from which defensive rage behavior could be elicited. Then, a stimulating electrode was implanted into a site within the medial, basal, or central nuclear complex from which modulation of the defensive rage response could be obtained. Amygdaloid modulation of defensive rage was determined in the following manner: it employed the paradigm of dual stimulation in which comparisons were made of response latencies between alternate trials of dual (i.e., amygdala+medial hypothalamus [or PAG]) and single stimulation of the hypothalamus or PAG alone. Thus, stage I established the baseline level of modulation (i.e., facilitation or suppression of defensive rage) in the predrug stimulation period. In stage II, a selective or non-selective receptor antagonist for a given transmitter system was administered either peripherally or intracerebrally at the defensive rage site, after which time the same dual stimulation paradigm was then repeated over the ensuing 180 min postinjection period in order to determine the effects of drug delivery upon amydaloid modulation of defensive rage. Stage III of the study took place at the completion of the pharmacological testing phase. The retrograde axonal tracer, Fluoro-Gold, was microinjected into the defensive rage site within the medial hypothalamus or PAG, and following a 6-14 day survival period, animals were sacrificed and brains were processed for histological and immunocytochemical analyses for the neurotransmitters noted above. This procedure thus permitted identification of cells within the amygdala which were labeled retrogradely and which were also immunostained positively for substance P, excitatory amino acids, or enkephalin. For studies involving substance P, defensive rage was elicited from the medial hypothalamus and for studies examining the roles of excitatory amino acids and enkaphalin, defensive rage was elicited from the PAG. In the first study, facilitation of hypothalamically elicited defensive rage was obtained with dual stimulation of the medial nucleus of the amygdala. In separate experiments, the selective NK 1 non-peptide antagonist, CP 96,345, was administered both peripherally as well as intracerabrally into the hypothalamic defensive rage sites in doses of 0.5-4.0 mg/kg (i.p.) and 0.5-2.5 nmol (i.c.). Following drug delivery, the facilitatory effects of medial amygdaloid stimulation were blocked ina dose- and time-dependent manner in which the effects were noted as early as 5 min postinjection. The maximum drug dose (4.0 mg/kg) employed for peripheral administration resulted in a 42% reduction in the facilitatory effects of the medial amygdala (P<0.002). This drug, when microinjected directly into medial hypothalamic defensive rage sites at the maximum dose level of 2.5 nmol, resulted in an 84% reduction of the suppressive effects of amygdaloid stimulation (P<0.5) at 5 min postinjection. In the next study, an N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) antagonist, DL-α-amino-7-phosphonoheptanoic acid (AP-7), was administered either peripherally (0.1-1.0 mg/kg) or intracerebrally (0.2 and 2.0 nmol) into PAG defensive rage sites


Abstract Exploiting the (contravariant) vectorial form for vorticity and magnetic field, and co-(variant) vectorial form for the gradient of a scalar and magnetic potential, and using the geometric Lie derivative operator, conservation of various analogues of potential vorticity are discussed for a barotropic non-dissipative electrically-conducting fluid. These analogues include the potential magnetic field, helicity, magnetic helicity, and cross helicity, together with some higher order quantities. It is noted that the volume conservation of potential vorticity continues to hold in the presence of arbitrary dissipation. However, of the analogue quantities derived for the non-dissipative system, only potential magnetic field and cross helicity have invariant integrals in the presence of dissipation. We conclude that only they are true analogues of potential vorticity. Finally, a straightforward generalisation of the method for tensorial relationships is noted.


Abstract: Fire danger rating systems are essential tools for fire management activities, allowing optimal allocation of resources both before and during the fire danger periods. Veneto Region's Forest Service is testing the Canadian Forest Fire Weather Index (FWI) System to assess fire intensity, accounting for the effect of wind and the moisture content of inflammable material. The following steps were taken to apply the FWI system: (a) selection of the smallest number (ideally 10 - 15) of weather stations to obtain input data. Principal Components Analysis was carried out on 62 time-series of 30 years (1960-1990), including mean monthly temperature (minimum and maximum) and rainfall. The results highlighted two principal directions of climatic variability that were interpolated by the co-kriging method, allowing to delineate 11 relatively homogeneous areas in the Veneto Region. One station representative of each area was chosen to provide daily data for computing the daily fire danger index by the Regional Rating Service; (b) automation of the FWI system. A SAS v.9.1® application runs the calculations and generates a regional map of daily fire danger for the Forest Service personnel. Graphics and tabular data are also available via intranet.


By analyzing the development of Hunan's forestry tourism and forestry parks with internal and external conditions integrated,this article summarizes the characteristics of different phases of Hunan's forestry parks and forestry tourism,analyzes problems such as imbalance,multi-polar management,product singularity,and proposes a series of policies needed for forestry tourism,which provides references for Hunan's forestry tourism.


1 Coordinator of the PFP Guidelines on Metabolic Syndrome 2 Chairman of the PFP Task Force on Guidelines 3 Secretary of the PFP Task Force on Guidelines 4 Member of the PFP Task Force on Guidelines (Polish Society of Hypertension) 5 Expert of the PFP Task Force on Guidelines (Polish Cardiac Society) 6 Member of the PFP Task Force on Guidelines (Polish Pediatric Society) 7 Member of the PFP Task Force on Guidelines (Polish Society of Internal Medicine) 8 Member of the PFP Task Force on Guidelines (The College of Family Physicians in Poland) 9 Member of the PFP Task Force on Guidelines (Polish Diabetes Society) 10 Member of the PFP Task Force on Guidelines (Polish Cardiac Society) 11 Member of the PFP Task Force on Guidelines (Polish Society for Atherosclerosis Research) 12 Member of the PFP Task Force on Guidelines (Polish Society of Neurology) 13 Expert of the PFP on Metabolic Syndrome (Polish Diabetes Society) 14 PFP Coordinator 2009 (The College of Family Physicians in Poland)


AbstractTheoretical investigations on the field distribution of electromagnetic waves on a semi-infinite, conically tapered, circular dielectric rod indicate that only the circularly symmetric electric modes (Eop) can exist. The characteristic equation for the E01-mode has been solved. The field distribution for this mode, obtained theoretically, is also presented.


[3]- and [4]ruthenocenophanes as well as other ruthenocene derivatives were synthesized. The preparation of ruthenocenes in this experiment required more forced reaction conditions than those of the corresponding ferrocenes. Two cyclopentadienyl rings of these ruthenocenophanes are found to tilt mutually, and the degree of the ring-tilting of [3]ruthenocenophane is greater than that of the [4] homolog.


Abstract In this study, the researcher tries to discover the relationship between The Technical Innovation、Quality of Service、Perceived value、Customer loyalty、Customer Satisfaction on FEI agent. The researcher entrusted four key people to take random questionnaire surveys in some univertisies and companies of the materials analysis, semiconductor, and photoelectric industry. The participants are narrowed down to only user of electon microscope and the materials analysis departments. Totally, the researcher has collected 300 copies of questionnaires, 282 valid questionnaires were returned. with a valid return rate of 90%. According to the purpose and assumption of the study, the researcher adopted SPSS to analyze data. Statistical methods used in this study include Factor analysis, ANOVA, Duncan's test, T-test, Pearson's product –moment correlation analysis, After the analyzing these data and the validating corresponding assumptions, the following conclusions were drawn: Technical Innovation、Quality of Service、Perceived value have positive direct influence. Customer loyalty and the Technical Innovation had significant effect on the Customer Satisfaction. Quality of Service had significant effect on the Customer Satisfaction.beside Perceived value will positive influence the Customer Satisfaction and Customer loyalty. Customer Satisfaction will positive influence the Customer loyalty. In the variables of statistic,all of the different customer had no significant effect on Customer Satisfaction and Customer loyalty. Based on the customer's views about the service items they promoted by agent in electron microscope, truely, the quality of applied technical training will influence the service quality .the keypoint steps for Agency to upgrade Customer Satisfaction and Customer loyalty.direct through high quality technical training. this point can be used as reference when promotion strategy is to be established


Multi-scale measurements, i.e. measurements of strain, strain gradient and integrated strain data, throughout a structural volume have demonstrated a great potential for improved damage identification. However, the large number of data and their different forms make fusion of the data difficult. To overcome this problem, a neural network data fusion approach is proposed. A simulation of damage identification in an isotropic cracked plate is presented. The crack position, angle and crack length are used as test parameters to be determined. A back-propagation neural network is trained to reproduce the crack angle and length as a function of all sensor responses. The improvement gained by using both multi-scale sensing and neural network data fusion for this specific case is significant. Testing of the sensitivity of the method to measurement errors or missing data demonstrated the robustness of the neural network to errors.Copyright © 2003 by ASME


With the constant and further transformation of higher education, the demands for "double-qualified" teachers are increasing to meet the requirements of applied talents cultivation, and the cultivation of "double-qualified" teachers becomes the key task to enhance educational quality of colleges and universities and achieve the objective of talents training, while this requires a guarantee in relevant policies and systems. This article explains the necessity of policies and systems for cultivating "double-qualified" teachers in local undergraduate colleges and universities and further puts forwards some applicable and reasonable policies and systems to guarantee the cultivation of "double-qualified" teachers. Keywords—local undergraduate colleges and universities; double-qualified; teacher cultivation; policy guarantee


Case report A 45-year-old woman with a history of intravenous drug use and tricuspidal endocarditis was admitted to our medical center with a 1-week history of fever and dyspnea. She reported recent intravenous cocaine use. On admission she was normotensive, febrile (temperature 38C), mildly tachycardic (heart rate 105 beats/min) and tachypneic (respiratory rate 20 breaths/min) with an oxygen saturation of 92%. Examination revealed nonlabored breathing with equal breath sounds. No lymphadenopathy, splenomegaly, or rash was identified. Laboratory tests showed a leukocytosis and increased levels of C-reactive protein. Chest radiography revealed a peripheral right infiltrate. Electrocardiography was unremarkable. Transthoracic echocardiogram detected the presence of a mobile mass (10 mm) attached to the posterior leaflet of the tricuspid valve. A diagnose of right-sided endocarditis was made. Blood cultures demonstrated methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus .A n HIV test was negative. Treatment with oxacillin, gentamicin, and ampicillin was started. During hospitalization, the fever resolved, but the patient complained of worsening dyspnea and left flank pain. Physical examination was unchanged except for the appearance of splinter hemorrhages and tender, subcutaneous nodules on the second finger of the right hand (Fig. 1). A CT scan of the chest and abdomen was performed, and revealed multiple peripheral pulmonary infiltrates consistent with septic pulmonary emboli (Fig. 2) and a splenic hypoperfusion area (Fig. 3). In consideration of pulmonary and systemic embolization, in order to make a differential diagnosis between paradoxical embolism and bilateral endocarditis, a transesophageal echocardiogram study was proposed, but the patient refused. Transthoracic echocardiogram was repeated. The examination confirmed the tricuspid valve vegetation, and revealed the presence of another vegetation attached to the posterior leaflet of the mitral valve (5 mm). Septal defects and cardiac complications were not observed. Based on these findings, pulmonary and systemic embolization was interpreted as a consequence of bilateral endocarditis. The patient was transferred to the Infectious Disease Unit. Antibiotic treatment was continued. The general condition improved, and no further complications occurred.


We pick up the study of 13-torsion in elliptic curves where Mazur and Tate left off 45 years ago. We consider various questions concerning elliptic curves defined over the maximal totally real subfield of the 13th cyclotomic field (where J_1(13) acquires everywhere good reduction), and over quadratic extensions.


Merseyside Fire Brigade pioneered the idea of addressing fire-play in children through the Fire Awareness Child Education (FACE) programme. It has also developed a scheme which provides a community alternative to custody for teenage arsonists. This is now being piloted in HM Prison Liverpool to assess its suitability for delivery to convicted arsonists.


Based on the theory of transformative learning (Mezirow, 1980) and critical pedagogy (Freire, 1980), mixed-methods research (Tashakkori & Teddlie, 1998) of a hospital workers' union and training organization addressed the impact of a custom-designed, group-focused, results-driven professional development model with 130 participants. Employees across many job titles participated. Findings reveal substantial content learning, along with the development of empowerment and voice. The purpose of the research was to determine the ways and the extent that worker voice, satisfaction, attitude, communication, and problem solving improved as workers and managers put into practice knowledge and skills learned through the training (Winchester, 2003). The scope of results includes efficiency and skill improvements and qualitative changes intersecting professional and personal realms.


The P2P data integration system aims to combine the advantages of P2P technologies and data integration to overcome centralized data integration systems' shortcomings. Kademlia, as a widely used and efficient network protocol for P2P files sharing system, has a very clear logical structure, and with its unique identifying pattern of nodes and XOR metric for distance, it can provide O(logn) lookup to locate the node closest to a given key. In this paper, we put forward a method of applying Kademlia to the P2P data integration system, and propose a new P2P data integration model, Dual-Kad, combing the Kademlia network over the Peer layer with that over the Super-Peer layer. Dual-Kad can process queries based on semantic logic which is a limitation of the original Kademlia, and shorten the query routing path, cache the query results, and as a result, speed the whole query routing. We describe the detailed structures of Dual-Kad and its query routing algorithms. Our query routing strategies are proved effective in our case studies mentioned in this paper.


It was strange that fetal outcome was vigorous in 3 late decelerations, but ominous when it repeated. It was thought that FHR decelerations expresses hypoxia, because the heart rate was fully parallel to rabbit PaO2, if it is below 50mmHg, and human fetal PaO2 is 50mmHg or less.


Pd-Cu alloy membranes with different compositions were prepared on porous Al2O3 tube by sequential deposition of Pd and Cu layers via electroless plating followed by an alloying heat treatment,and the thickness of the resulting alloy membranes was 4 μm.The hydrogen permeation performances of the membranes at 100~650 ℃,and the effects of the temperature and the membrane composition were studied.Result showed that the hydrogen diffusion on the membrane surface was the mainly rate-determining step for the hydrogen permeation.The temperature influences on the membranes with different compositions were dramatically different.It might be associated with the existence of different crystalline structures at different temperatures and membrane compositions.


In recent decades the study of monuments of Ancient Hindu science and philosophy has led to the discovery of interesting parallels with the ideas and methods of contemporary science — parallels by no means always incidental, and sometimes essential for the elaboration of today's problems of scientific methodology. Material for such analogies is found in the works of Buddhist logicians, in the grammar of Pänini, in the aesthetics of Anandavardhana, etc. We would like to amplify this list with one other author — Vätsyäyana. We have in mind the Kama Sutra — one of the most interesting monuments of Ancient Hindu didacticism, which, despite its widespread reputation, hitherto has not been examined in detail from the point of view mentioned.


Providing an overview and Marxist assessment of Tony Blair and New Labour's UK education policies, structures, and processes, the contributors in this exciting new collection discuss specific aspects of education policy and practices. This examination is set against the changing political and economic contexts of the British state's responses to global and neo-liberal pressures. Central themes include: New Labour and the education market state; New Labour, education, and ideology; and totality and open Marxism. Green's work marks a timely contribution to Marxist analysis and Left critical assessment and is the first such collection addressing New Labour education policy.


Taking into account the near-term outlook of universal introduction of a method of a mass assessment of real estate rather interesting experience of realization of "pilot projects" in the large cities and regions of the Russian Federation is represented. This publication is devoted to examples of such introduction in Moscow.


The topic of this thesis is to research the design of the low-power ultra-wideband mixer. The bandwidth is designed from 3.1GHz to 15 GHz. The design procedures include: (1) input matching networks (2) choice of architecture (3) current injection matches for the design of low power (4) choice of the bias point (5) parasitic effect of the signal's routes (6) influence of noise figure and conversion gain with switch stage. When designing the ultra-wideband mixer, many problems are found. Especially, the DC Offset will be influenced by the architecture. And then the DC and signal of the output will be influenced, etc. The design procedures will explain how to conquer these problems in detail. This circuit is designed from 3.1 to 15 GHz. And IF is at 10MHz. The measurement results include: Conversion voltage gain is about -0.7 ~ 6.1 dB. RF input return loss is better than 10dB. The return loss of switching stage is better than 14dB. P1dB is about -15 ~ -13dBm from 4GHz to 10GHz. IIP3 is about 1 ~ 3dBm from 4GHz to 10GHz. Power consumption of the circuit is only 17.5mW. This circuit is fabricated in TSMC 0.18um CMOS. The circuit is measured at CIC. There are some discussion and statement about difference between simulation and measurement in this thesis. II


We prove that linear extensions of the Bruhat order of a matroid are shelling orders and that the barycentric subdivision of a matroid is a Coxeter matroid, viewing barycentric subdivisions as subsets of a parabolic quotient of a symmetric group. A similar result holds for order ideals in minuscule quotients of symmetric groups and in their barycentric subdivisions. Moreover, we apply promotion and evacuation for labeled graphs of Malvenuto and Reutenauer to dual graphs of simplicial complexes, providing promotion and evacuation of shelling orders.


ABSTRACT This paper examines how home care workers in Oregon, a predominantly female, geographically dispersed, and economically undervalued workforce, were brought together to engage in collective action and extend their reach beyond the local union to civil society. Drawing on qualitative interviews with union staff and member activists, along with archival data, it documents how home care workers used social movement unionism to improve their working conditions in the early 2000s. The lessons from this case are especially relevant today given the growing demand for in-home care as a means to avoid being placed in institutionalized settings and the shortage of workers to meet the rising demand.


Beibuwan Basin is an important offshore oil and gas bearing basin of China. However, the distribution of oil and gas in different sags is uneven, and the rule of hydrocarbon accumulation and main controlling factors have not been clearly understood in this basin. Based on abundant seismic, well and analytical data, the differences and main controlling of tectonic evolution, sedimentary filling and source rock quality in sags are analyzed, and combined with the study of geothermal filed, the main controlling factors of differential hydrocarbon generation in sags of the Beibuwan Basin are clarified. On the basis of the research above, the hydrocarbon enrichment of the basin is clarified through the systematic analysis of reservoir‐caprock assemblage and accumulation characteristics of different structural units. The results show that there are four NE‐trending sag zones in the basin, and under the influence of fault activity, the scale of sags is regularly distributed. The scale of rifts in different sag zones decreases gradually from northwest to southeast and the scale of rifts in the middle of a single sag zone is normally larger than that at two ends. Under the control of the sag‐controlling faults activity, paleoproductivity and organic matter preservation conditions, the quality of source rocks in sags of the Beibuwan Basin decreases from northwest to southeast. The hydrocarbon‐rich sags in the Beibuwan Basin were formed under the control of source rocks and geothermal field, and the distribution of large‐medium scale fields is controlled by the favorable structural traps in the rift strata of inner gentle slope zone. The understanding of the hydrocarbon enrichment and main controlling factors in the Beibuwan Basin also provides a significant guidance for the oil and gas exploration in other rift basins.


This paper considers the problem of quickest detection of a change in distribution under the assumption that the pre-change distribution π is known, and the post-change distribution μ is unknown and belongs to a general class of distributions. Using the knowledge of the pre-change distribution π, the sample space is partitioned into equiprobable intervals and the number of samples falling into each of these intervals is monitored to detect the change. A test statistic that approximates the generalized likelihood ratio test is proposed. A recursive update scheme to compute the statistic efficiently and an approximation of the average run-length to false alarm are also derived. Simulations show that our approach is comparable in performance to two other non-parametric quickest change detection methods if the change is either a shift in distribution mean or variance, respectively. But our method significantly outperforms them if these distribution change assumptions are violated.


The interconnection between cryogenic quantum chips and room temperature measurement and control systems is a critical issue for quantum computing. In this paper, integrated filtering cryogenic flexible cables are designed to suppress external noise for the transmission of weak and high-frequency signal between low temperature and room temperature. They are made of flexible substrate (PI or LCP) with good flexibility and high integration, and lower heat loss than typical cryogenic coaxial cables. The low-pass filter is integrated in the cable with changing the line width, and the high-frequency noise can be effectively suppressed.


published in Advance ACS Absrracrs, February 1 , 1994. 0022-365419412098-2158$04.50/0 exists in larger quantum dots (11000 atoms) for which such methods appear impractical. Three classes of electronic structure approaches exist for such large sizes: ( i ) The Effective Mass Approximation (EMA).lo Here one replaces the microscopic quasi-periodic potential V(r) (which exists inside the material) by a constant potential, while the kinetic energy operator is replaced by an effective mass operator, derived from the parabolic expansion of the bulk band structure. The EMA treats "large systems" accurately and can be extended to incorporate multiband coupling ("band mixing").lI However, for the sizes studied here (140 A), the parabolic band approximation might not be valid. This will be tested below. (i i) The Truncated Crystal Method ( TC).12J3 Instead of using parabolic bands, this method uses the actual dispersion relation of the bulk band structure and approximates the quantum dot wave functions by a sum of a few bulk Bloch wave functions of a single band at different wavevectors. It ignores band mixing and can be applied only to simple quantum dot geometries. It has been tested by comparison with direct calculations for 2D films13* and works very well. However, the formula of Rama Krishna and Friesner12 for OD quantum dots remains untested relative to direct calculations. This will be tested below. (iii) Direct Molecular Calculations. In this approach one diagonalizes the microscopic Hamiltonian consisting of the full kinetic energy and quasi-periodic atomic potential, thus avoiding the approximations of methods i and ii. However, because full variational ab-initio approaches to this Hamiltonian are impractical, the Hamiltonian or its basis representations are usually simplified. In the widely used tight binding (TB) model14 a small, implicit basis set (4-5 orbital per atom) is used; the function form of the basis function is, however, undermined, since only the empirically adjusted Hamiltonian matrix elements are used. The small basis suggests limited variational flexibility, particularly for the conduction bands. Furthermore, because the lack of explicit basis functions, it is difficult to correctly describe the dependence of the Hamiltonian matrix elements on the atomic geometry (e.g., on the surface structure of the quantum dot) or to compare the ?-space wave functions $(i) with the results of ab-initio calculations on smaller reference systems. Another version is the linear combination of atomic orbitals (LCAO)15 method in which explicit basis functions are used. This method is usually applied to rather small quantum dots (1100 atoms) while applications to larger systems require a drastic truncation of the basis set size.


Character education is a series of efforts to educate children to behave well, make the right decisions, and participate in positive societal contributions. The problem is that traditional games have started to disappear because, currently, elementary school-aged children prefer modern games. The advantages of traditional games are messages related to togetherness, culture, and morals. Community service aims to foster character in elementary school-aged children. The method of implementing the activities is socialization and direction related to traditional games shaping the character of elementary school-aged children. Activities are carried out by providing direct guidance to children when playing games. The result of this service program is that the program to socialize the importance of traditional games and the cheerful playing movement to foster the character of elementary school-aged children is carried out well. The activities conclude that the character formation of elementary school-aged children can be done through traditional games.


Using a concentration-compactness principle at infinity to solve a constrained maximization problem M(b,RN)∶=sup{∫RNb(x)|u|qdx;u∈W1,p(RN),∫RN(|▽u|p+|u|p)dx=1},here b(x) satisfies certain conditions.Then obtain the existence of a least energy solution of a p-Laplacian elliptic equation -Δpu+|u|p-2u=b(x)|u|q-2u,u∈W1,p(RN),1pN,pqp*.


Translation study is in a direction of combination of translation and aesthetics.Different cosmologies and aesthetic pursuits produce different aesthetic concepts.Chinese aesthetics stresses "implicitness" while western aesthetics "explicitness".This paper explores how Chinese prose reflects its beauty in both original version and English version respectively from the respects of structure,artistic conception and association.


Cash flow plays a decisive role in financial analysis and assessment of firms, and overseas forewarning systems for financial crisis based on cash-flow indicators have yielded good results. However, due to different background and mechanism of Chinese listed companies, some cash-flow forewarning indicators in overseas studies are not practical in China. Therefore, in order to establish a forewarning system with a relatively high forewarning rate, there is a need to use successful experience of other countries, set up appropriate cash-flow indicator system according to the realities of China, and analyze the financial situation of listed companies from the angle of cash flow.


In a country keen for pleasure and success, the tragic thwarting of a hundred thousand citizens1by blindness in a paradox. It is more; it is a challenge. And when we consider that, among these hundred thousand blind, about 25 per cent. are disabled through the failures of three great and old professions—medicine. business and statecraft—and of one upstart profession—social service—then this challenge assumes an ironical air. Do twenty-five thousand persons, by their blindness, deprive the country yearly of perhaps seven or eight million dollars' worth of productive labor, not because of any lack of knowledge and power on our part, but because of our failures in applying the knowledge and power which we possess? The problem of preventable blindness is in theory simple. It is a problem in the elimination, through the canniest possible organization, of waste: the waste involved in fruitless lawmaking, bungled administration, medical education


The outlook of scientific development has deep historical materialism.It embodies historical materialism about the most important and first viewpoint of espistemology and practice、the basic viewpoint of historical principal part、the essential viewpoint of historical determinism、the important viewpoint of society'organic system.


The layered transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) exhibit the intriguing physical properties and potential application in novel electronic devices. However, controllable growth of multilayer TMDs remains challenging. Herein, large-scale and high-quality multilayer prototype TMDs of W(Mo)Se2 were synthesized via chemical vapor deposition. For Raman and photoluminescence measurements, 2H and 3R multilayer WSe2 crystals displayed significant layer-dependent peak position and intensity feature. Besides, different from the oscillatory relationship of second harmonic generation (SHG) intensity for odd–even layer numbers in 2H-stacked multilayer WSe2, the SHG intensity of 3R-stacked ones parabolically increased with the thickness due to the absence of inversion symmetry. For device application, photodetectors based on WSe2 with increasing thickness exhibited p-type (bilayer), ambipolar (trilayer), and n-type (four layers) semiconductor behaviors, respectively. Furthermore, photodetectors based on the as-synthesized 3R-stacked WSe2 flakes displayed an excellent responsivity of 7.8 × 103 mA W−1, high specific detectivity (Da*) of 1.7 × 1014 Jones, outstanding external quantum efficiency of 8.6 × 102%, and fast response time (τ Rise = 57 ms and τ Fall = 53 ms) under 532 nm illumination with bias voltage of V ds = 5 V. Similar results have also been achieved in multilayer MoSe2 crystals. All these findings indicate great potential of 3R-stacked TMDs in two-dimensional optoelectronic applications.


The invention relates to an AMOLED structure and a manufacturing method of the AMOLED structure. The AMOLED structure comprises an AMOLED display module, a polarizer and cover plate glass. The polarizer is bonded between the AMOLED display module and the cover plate glass and is provided with a printed pattern layer. Since the printed pattern layer is arranged on the polarizer, the AMOLED structure achieves an exquisite appearance display effect, and meanwhile the problems that patterns can not be printed on the cover plate glass and the printing yield is low because the cover plate glass is tempered glass or has a special-shaped surface are solved. By the adoption of the AMOLED structure, the patterns do not need to be printed on the cover plate glass, so the problem that the cover plate glass is low in yield is solved, and the yield and productivity of the cover plate glass are improved.


It is proposed for the production thereof, a sensor (10) for determining at least one characteristic of a measurement gas in a measurement gas space, in particular the temperature or the concentration of a gas component, in particular in the exhaust gas of an internal combustion engine, and a method. The sensor (10) comprises a sensor housing (18) having a gas-side end portion (28) has a counterbore (32), a sensor element (12) (with a the measurement gas is exposed, the gas-side sensor portion (14) parallel to a longitudinal axis 16) of the probe (10) of the countersink (32) of the sensor housing (18) protrudes, and the sensor portion (14) surrounding the double conduit (20). The double protection tube (20) comprises at least one outer protective tube (22) and at least one inner protective tube (24). The outer protective tube (22) has a housing-side end portion (30) and a gas-side end portion (31). The inner protective tube (24) has a housing-side end portion (26) and a gas-side end portion (27). The housing-side end portion (30) of the outer protective tube (22) and the housing-side end portion (26) of the inner protective tube (24) are on the gas side end portion by means of a weld (34) (28) of the sensor housing (18) attached. The weld (34) is perpendicular to a to the longitudinal axis (16), plane (36) and the gas side end portion (28) of the sensor housing (18) inclined away.


Response to the 1901 Swedish premiere of Easter, Strindberg's modern passion play, was sharply critical. Tor Hedberg, for example, complained: "The entire [play] is superficial and sentimental and concludes in a childish moral. ... Those who are edified by such may be so, but for my part, I decline." Yet despite this strong negative reaction, the play has been staged many times in the past eighty years, a fact which surely reflects the delight of audiences in seeing a drama in which Strindberg has, as Walter Johnson says, made the "interpretation of the Easter message believably human and comfortingly warm." Clearly, the resolution of the various moral and economic dilemmas faced by the members of the guilt-ridden Heyst family provides the play with a satisfying conclusion and an overall structure which underscores the play's concern with basic Christological tenets. Especially prominent among these concerns is what Strindberg, in reference to Easter, later calls satisfactio vicaria, the soteriological co...


Environmental management (EM) requires indicators to inform objectives and monitor the impacts or efficacy of management practices. One common approach uses "functional ecological" indicators, which are typically species whose presence or abundance are tied to functional ecological processes, such as nutrient productivity and availability, trophic interactions, and habitat connectivity. In contrast, and used for millennia by Indigenous peoples, biocultural indicators are rooted in local values and placebased relationships between nature and people. In many landscapes today where Indigenous peoples are reasserting sovereignty and governance authority over natural resources, the functional ecological approach to indicator development does not capture fundamental values and ties to the natural world that have supported social-ecological systems over the long term. Accordingly, we argue that the development and use of biocultural indicators to shape, monitor, and evaluate the success of EM projects will be critical to achieving ecological and social sustainability today. We have provided a framework composed of criteria to be considered when selecting and applying meaningful and efficacious biocultural indicators among the diverse array of potential species and values. We used a case study from a region now referred to as coastal British Columbia, Canada, to show how the suggested application of functional ecological indicators by the provincial government created barriers to the development of meaningful cogovernance. We then explained how the Kitasoo/Xai'xais First Nation designed and implemented a bioculturally relevant suite of indicators in their own EM and monitoring processes. Drawing on our experiences there and both the biocultural and functional ecological literature, we proposed six generalizable criteria (culturally salient, inclusive, sensitive to impacts, supportive of place-based relationships, perceptible, and linked to human well-being) that can guide resource stewards and agencies in selecting locally relevant indicators to implement biocultural EM and monitor the performance of outcomes.


Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation(ATMT)was applied in Penicillium simplicissimum H5 by Agrobacterium tumefaciens LBA4404.The results of hygromycin-resistance selection,PCR and Southern blot analysis showed that T-DNA was randomly inserted into the transformants with single copy and the transformants indicated genetic stability.The transformation efficiency was about 50 transformants per 105 spores by optimizing the co-culture time,the concentration of Agrobacterium tumefacien and acetoyringone(AS).The application of ATMT technique in Penicillium simplicissimum H5 will provide a powerful tool for the genetic engineering of this fungus.


The following problems have been discussed. First, based on the theory of distribution structure of fuzzy similar matrix equation X 2=X , the existence theorem and local uniqueness theorem of the optimal fuzzy equivalent matrix have been proved by using the method of abstract analysis. Second, the relation between local optimal fuzzy equivalent matrix and the given fuzzy similar matrix has been pointed out. Third, the relation between transitive closure and optimal fuzzy equivalent matrix has been discussed. At last, the concept of transitive kernel is proposed.


We live our lives in world of hidden rhythms, but many
of these rhythms were socially constructed many years
ago and may no longer be best serving us. In this
paper we present our concept for an interactive public
display that aims to make people aware of some of
these hidden rhythms and help us question how we
make use of our time. We raise a number of design
decisions to bring this concept to reality, and a number
of research questions arising out of it.


Basing on mid-low-temperature heat resource, a power system is developed using the characteristic of low boiling non-azeotropic ammonia-water mixtures. This system may produce power using low temperature heat resource rang from 350-400K. The ammonia mass fraction of basic working liquid is 65%. Evaluated with the First Law of Thermodynamics, the simulation results show that the theoretical electrical efficiency is 10.4%. Additionally, the effect of turbine outlet pressure and heat resource temperature on the theoretical electrical efficiency is studied. The power system exploits a new way for utilizing the mid-low temperature heat resource efficiently.


We present a finite volume method formulated on a mixed Eulerian-Lagrangian mesh for highly advective 1D hyperbolic systems altogether with its application to plug-flow heat exchanger modeling/simulation. Advection of sharp moving fronts is an important problem in fluid dynamics, and even a simple transport equation cannot be solved precisely by having a finite number of nodes/elements/volumes. Finite volume methods are known to introduce numerical diffusion, and there exist a wide variety of schemes to minimize its occurrence; the most recent being adaptive grid methods such as moving mesh methods or adaptive mesh refinement methods. We present a solution method for a class of hyperbolic systems with one nonzero time-dependent characteristic velocity. This property allows us to rigorously define a finite volume method on a grid that is continuously moving by the characteristic velocity (Lagrangian grid) along a static Eulerian grid. The advective flux of the flowing field is, by this approach, removed from cell-to-cell interactions , and the ability to advect sharp fronts is therefore enhanced. The price to pay is a fixed velocity-dependent time sampling and a time delay in the solution. For these reasons, the method is best suited for systems with a dominating advection component. We illustrate the method's properties on an illustrative advection-decay equation example and a 1D plug flow heat exchanger. Such heat exchanger model can then serve as a convection-accurate dynamic model in estimation and control algorithms for which it was developed.


The heart secretes apolipoprotein B (apoB) containing lipoproteins. Herein, we examined whether the overexpression of a human apoB transgene in the heart affects triglyceride accumulation and development of cardiac dysfunction in streptozotocin-treated diabetic mice. Blood glucose, plasma free fatty acids, and plasma triglycerides were similarly affected in diabetic wild type mice and diabetic apoB transgenic mice as compared with non-diabetic mice of the same genotype. After 12 weeks, heart triglycerides were increased by 48% in diabetic wild type mice. These mice displayed an increased expression of brain natriuretic peptide and deterioration of heart function on echocardiography. In diabetic apoB transgenic mice, heart triglyceride levels were identical to those in non-diabetic wild type and apoB transgenic mice, and brain natriuretic peptide expression as well as echocardiographic indexes of heart function were only marginally affected or unaffected. The findings suggest that triglyceride accumulation in the heart is important for development of diabetic cardiomyopathy in mice, and that lipoprotein formation by cardiomyocytes plays an integrated role in cardiac lipid metabolism.


Objective: To introduce the results of Mongolian medicine anti-aging research, to provide a reliable and no side effects of anti-aging means. Methods: To summarize from the classical research of Mongolian medicine, from the basic theory, anti-aging experimental research and experimental study of the Compatibility laws. Results: 1) Mongolian anti-aging theory has been verified by experimental studies, found that 6 acupoints had stable anti-aging effect, they were Dinghui acupoint, Kidney acupoint, Stomach acupoint, Huoshuai acupoint, Heyi acupoint and Samuxiu acupoint Respectively. 2) Based on the basis experimental results, we established the hypothesis including increase of Heyi, weakness of stomach fire, abnormal Heyi and blood circulation, weakness of Wenggejile. 3) Used the Mongolian medicine theory to preliminary revealed the compatibility laws of acupoints with several acupoints of Mongolian medicine moxibustion therapy. Conclusion: Mongolian moxibustion therapy is an effectively, safely and convenient method for anti-aging. Extensive promotion of this therapy method has a promoting effect on anti-aging clinical research of Mongolian medicine moxibustion therapy.


Abstract "If it passes, then it was not true love." On two Remarks by Wittgenstein about Love. Wittgenstein's Nachlass does not contain many philosophical remarks on love. Yet, the ones it does contain can be made fruitful for the long-lasting philosophical debate on love's nature. This text, however, focuses on just two of these remarks, preparing their discussion extensively by sketching part of the philosophical background against which their points become visible.


Canadian punk rock band PROPAGANDHI is currently working on material for a new release. The group has prepared 18 songs. Expect a January release ...


The Western Cape High Court recently handed down a judgement in an application (and counter-application) between South African Junior Golf Association (the Applicant) and Another, the Registrar of Companies (the First Respondent) and the South African Golf Association (the Second Respondent).


DOI: 10.17014/ijog.3.1.17-27 In Semarang City, groundwater has been exploited as a natural resource since 1841. The groundwater exploited in deep wells is concentrated in confined aquifers. The previous hydrogeological model was developed in one unit of aquifer and refined then by using several hydrostratigraphical units following a regional hydrogeological map without any further analysis. At present, there is a lack of precise hydrogeological model which integrates geological and hydrogeological data, in particular for multiple aquifers in Semarang. Thus, the aim of this paper is to develop a hydrogeological model for the multiple aquifers in Semarang using an integrated data approach. Groundwater samples in the confined aquifers have been analyzed to define the water type and its lateral distribution. Two hydrogeological cross sections were then created based on several borelog data to define a hydrostratigraphical unit (HSU). The HSU result indicates the hydrogeological model of Semarang consists of two aquifers, three aquitards, and one aquiclude. Aquifer 1 is unconfined, while Aquifer 2 is confined. Aquifer 2 is classified into three groups (2a, 2b, and 2c) based on analyses of major ion content and hydrostratigraphical cross sections.


The A0 sector of the Main Accelerator at Fermilab serves a dual function. During a collider run this sector is used as an abort. The same area is used to divert beam to the switchyard during a fixed target run. The area is subject to high residual radiation, therefore making it important that personnel working to change the equipment do so with a minimal amount of radiation exposure. A system has been designed to reduce the time a technician must spend in this area.<<ETX>>


that our statements are absolutely incorrect, in saying " that bodies identical in appearance were found in other secretions, and in other diseases, and when present in cholera stools were seen not to be so on their first dejection," &c. In reply to this we beg to refer him to the letter of Dr. Jenner (Report of the Cholera Committee of the College of Physicians) who distinctly states that " on examining microscopically, four alkaline stools, passed at different stages of typhoidfever, I found in them bodies which appeared to me identical with those described and figured by the Bristol Committee." And again, we invite his attention to a paper by Dr. Basham, (Medical Gazette, October 19,) in which he states that he has found cholera cells in the urine of dyspeptic patients; and further, that in several specimens of cholera stools, these cells were not present on the first evacuation, but appeared after the lapse of some hours. There is one other part of the letter which calls for notice, viz., the remark that "such a statement proves the anomaly of having irresponsible Editorial articles in a journal the property of a particular class of men." If we rightly understand this passage, it would imply that the Editors of this journal are to have no opinion of their own, but are to be subservient to the proprietary in every view they may express. We venture to hope that such an opinion is not prevalent in the Association, for we respectfully submit, that, to say nothing of the well-known fate of those who try to please everybody, to be thus shackled would utterly annihilate the usefulness of the Editorial function. We most emphatically disclainm the writer's insinuation that we have favoured metropolitan scientific efforts, and discountenanced those of the provinces. We take no special interest either in the metropolis or in the College of Physicians, and we do, on the contrary, most cordially sympathize with the provincial portion of the profession in everything which affects its interests and honour; but at the same time we are confident that we should not earn the approval of the Provincial Medical and Surgical Association, by supporting against our conviction any doctrine solely because it emanates from one of its members, or by refusing to acknowledge the merits of those who are not included within its ranks. In conclusion we repeat, that in expressing the opinion we have done on the subject in dispute, we have been actuated solely by the wish to do what is right: we have neither favouritism nor antipathies. We shall be only too glad to find ourselves mistaken, and that so simple an explanation of the origin of cholera shall be the correct one, and be owing, moreover, to the energy and talent of members of our Association.


In the current work we demonstrate mode-locked fiber laser with automatic adjustment a coherence degree of the output pulses. As a source of the pulses we used 8-figure fiber laser with two amplifying fibers inside both loops of the laser cavity. Such configuration provides various pulsed regimes that have different degree of coherence from fully mode-locked single scale pulses to partly mode-locked double scale pulses. To search a pulsed regime with defined parameters we applied automatic genetic algorithm. To prove the feasibility of the genetic algorithm we applied it to find double – scale pulsed regimes with a fixed envelope duration of 50 ps and the contrast of the coherence peak in range of 0.02 – 0.5.


A Michael-type reaction of β,γ-unsaturated α-keto ester and α-nitro ketone was established. With a thiourea catalyst derived from cinchona alkaloid, the reactions afford products in 47-94% yields with 68-96% ee.


The Breastfeeding and Feminism International Conference (BFIC) is the only breastfeeding conference that focuses on the sociocultural, economic, health, and political impacts on, and of, infant-feeding decisions. Since 2005, BFIC has convened top researchers, policy makers, and on-the-ground practitioners spanning policy, programs, personal social support, clinical care, advocacy, communications, and the arts. Since its inception, the voices at the annual BFIC have addressed the many injustices and inequities that prevent all caregivers from being able to mother/ parent as they want, feed their infants the way they want, and live the life that supports them economically and nourishes their soul. We have discussed and described a wide variety of social, economic, legal, political, and health and healthcare system inequities, as well as persistent injustices by race, class, education, gender, and sexuality that make breastfeeding inaccessible to so many. The aim of the 2017 BFIC was to further stimulate crucial conversations and inspired actions to advance social justice as the central principle for developing a broad and sustained global movement to build breastfeeding-friendly policies, institutions, and communities. Frequently, public health efforts to protect, promote, and support breastfeeding are based on the central argument that breastfeeding is the healthiest way of feeding and nurturing infants. Although supported by abundant scientific research, this core message has offered an insufficient framework for successful breastfeeding advocacy, practice, and policy. To increase breastfeeding as the infant-feeding norm around the world, we need to attend to the array of forces that shape infant-feeding decisions, practices, and experiences. We must pay special attention to those structures, conditions, and policies that lead to inequities across populations and communities and develop strategies that advance breastfeeding equity and justice for all. The presentations at BFIC 2017 focused on a wide range of perspectives, strategies, and actions that could advance a social justice approach to breastfeeding protection, promotion, and support by affirming the right to breastfeed; supporting lactation, lactation services, and access to human milk for all; upholding the value of breastfeeding and human milk for health; supporting all caregivers inclusive of a full range of gender identities and expressions such as migrant/refugee status, race/ethnicity, socioeconomic status, and geography; removing barriers, structures, and conditions that lead to inequities in access to the full range of breastfeeding/lactation support including skilled lactation assistance; and affirming the value of breastfeeding for our global community and environment. We want to thank the 70 presenters and 200 participants who shared in giving voice and shape to these ideas, crucial conversations, and inspired actions—38 of these presentations are collected here. The Center for Women's Health and Wellness at the University of North Carolina at Greensboro and the Carolina Global Breastfeeding Institute at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill sponsor BFIC annually. We look forward to the 13th Breastfeeding and Feminism International Conference to be held March 21 to 23, 2018, in Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA. 726299 JHLXXX10.1177/0890334417726299Journal of Human Lactation research-article2017


A method is described by which cell wall, protoplasmic membrane, and intracellular membrane fractions of Pythium sp. PRL 2142 were separated. Distribution of cholesterol among these fractions was determined. The major part of the cholesterol taken up by the cell was incorporated into the protoplasmic membrane, and the rest into the intracellular membranes. Other evidence, though indirect, that cholesterol is incorporated into the cell membranes includes: (a) the leakage of cell material from mycelium grown in the presence of cholesterol is much lower than that from mycelium grown without cholesterol; (b) four polyene antibiotics increase the leakage of cell material from mycelium grown in the presence of cholesterol but have no effect on mycelium grown in the absence of cholesterol. Some other effects of cholesterol on cell behavior are: (a) increase of the lactic acid and acetoin production and decrease of the oxygen consumption; (b) decrease of cellulase and laminaranase activity with a simultaneous eff...


Ghana's National Energy Policy objectives includes aims to increase installed power generation capacity from about 2,000 MW to 5,000 MW by the year 2020 and subsequently increase the proportion of renewable energy in the total national energy mix. The researchers set out to assess the vegetable oil resource in the Ashanti Region of Ghana and its use in Diesel Generators for the generation of 5MW of electricity for KNUST. Palm Oil, Palm Kernel Oil and Soybean Oil were identified as the three (3) main types of vegetable oils processed in the large quantities. Six (6) out of the seven (7) commercial vegetable oil processing companies in the region produced a total of about 7,300 Mt of all types of vegetable oils per year with Palm Oil forming about 89%. The flow rate of Straight Vegetable Oil (SVO) required for power generation was estimated based on the calorific properties of the oil and the efficiency of the engines. These gave 9,403 Mt, 9,970 Mt and 9,260 Mt of Palm Oil, Palm Kernel Oil and Soybean Oil needed per year respectively. However the current production levels of Palm Oil, Palm Kernel Oil and Soybean Oil can generate 3.9 MW, 0.3 MW and 0.1 MW of electricity respectively using a DG set with efficiency of 43%. The annual GHG emission reduction was estimated at 23,302 tCO 2 per year.


A new radio heliograph for obtaining two-dimensional images of the solar corona sequentially at many frequencies in the range 40–150 MHz has been built by the Indian Institute of Astrophysics at the Gauribidanur Radio Observatory (lat. 13 ◦36′12′′ N and long. 77◦27′07′′ E) about 100 km north of Bangalore, India. This paper describes various aspects of the antenna system, receiver front end, digital hardware, the data acquisition and the calibration procedure. The performance of the instrument is illustrated with maps of the continuum emission from the undisturbed corona at different frequencies.


The proliferation of Internet of Things (IoT) devices comes with many challenges among which security is one of the most serious issues. In order to address the security issue for low-end IoT devices, ARM recently proposed the platform security architecture (PSA), which provides execution isolation to safely manage and protect the computing resources of low-end IoT devices. However, developers implementing IoT services for PSA-based IoT devices need to follow complex development procedures and understand the PSA hardware, which dramatically increases the development time and cost of PSA-based IoT devices. This article analyzes vulnerabilities that may arise from general-purpose low-end IoT devices to derive the security requirements and essential security services for PSA-based IoT devices, and proposes a secure platform model based on the analysis results. The proposed secure platform model consists of System Security Services and Application Security Services based on the basic PSA model and essential trusted subsystems, and it is designed to be flexible and applicable to various types of PSA-based IoT devices. In addition, it provides secure platform services APIs to enable easy and fast development of IoT services. To evaluate the proposed secure platform model, two proof-of-concept implementations are provided by using both the basic PSA model with secure element (SE) and a reference device for ARM's PSA. Finally, a case study shows that the development of IoT services can be done easily and quickly using the proposed security platform model.


Here m f is the bending strength of the glulam corresponding to ordinary beam theory and t f is the tensile strength of the outer lamination found from testing a long lamination free to deflect sideways due to uncentred knots and other defects and to unsymmetrical stiffness variations over the crosssection. Therefore, t f corresponds not to a pure tensile failure but to failure caused by a combination of tensile and bending stresses. The tensile strength of a corresponding member restrained as in a glulam beam is higher. This effect is really not a lamination effect, but a "test procedure effect".


The research progress on resolution of DL-mandelic acid and synthesis of optically active mandelic acid was summarized.The resolution principles,techniques and characteristics of various methods including diastereomeric salt crystallization,extraction,chromatography,electrophoresis and enzymatic catalysis were reviewed.The research advances in the synthesis of optically active mandelic acid by biotransformation,electrochemistry and direct chemical method were also introduced.Among these methods,the diastereomeric salt crystallization is an important method to produce optically active mandelic acid in commercial scale,and also the biotransformation method has a good prospect for commercial application.


Background Anti-TNFα agents and Rituximab fall within the FDA category B concerning fetal risk. However numerous case series and registry data of pregnancies exposed to these therapies are available in the literature Objectives Aim of this study was to offer the contribution of our Centre Methods Data were collected from a prospective single-centre cohort of outpatients followed during pregnancy between 2006 and 2013. Women exposed to biological agent during pregnancy or in the 3 months before conception were included. Outcomes in the biological-exposed group are compared with those in a disease and age-matched group of pregnant women without biological agent exposure. Demographic and clinical data, obstetric outcome and neonatal complications were recorded Results 26 pregnancies in 21 patients,10 Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA),5 ankylosing spondilytis (SA),3 Psoriatic arthritis (PA),3 Undifferentiated spondyloarthritis (uSpA) exposed to a biologic agent (13 etanercept, 6 adalimumab, 3 infliximab, 4 RTX) were included. The median age was 33 (range 29-49 yrs),18 women were nulliparous. All patients a-TNF treated withdrew therapy in early pregnancy (≤10 weeks gestational age). A woman affected by RA became pregnant four times during RTX therapy, respectively 3 months after 3rd retreatment, 2 months after 4th retreatment and 1 month after 5th and 6th retreatment. Only 3 patients were also on DMARDs therapy at time of conceptions,2 with sulphasalazine (which was continued) and 1 with methotrexate which was immediately withdrawn.12 patients (6 RA,4 PA,2 SA) started or increased oral and/or intra-articular steroids during pregnancy because of disease flare. 28 pregnancy in 25 patients were enrolled as control group (12 RA, 9 uSpA,2 Juvanile Idiopatic Arthritis, 2 PA), median age 34 (range 23-39 yrs).15 patients were treated with DMARDs during pregnancy (sulphasalazine 7;hydroxycloroquine 7, cyclosporine 1). No other drugs were taken at the time of conception, apart from low dose of steroids in 15 cases.Pregnancy outcomes are summarized in tab.1. Therapeutic abortions were performed for extrauterine pregnancy occurred twice in the patient with RA which became pregnant four times during RTX treatment, after the 5th and the 6th retreatment. After the 4th retreatment she had an early spontaneous abortion. Previously, she delivered 2 healthy children after exposure to etanercept and 3th retreatment of RTX. No serious perinatal complication occurred excluding very preterm baby delivery at 28th weeks, who needed neonatal intensive care. No congenital malformations were observed. Klinefelter syndrome was diagnosed in 1 case. Biological expose group Biological non expose group p (26) (28) Live births 21 (80,8%) 25 (89,3%) ns Spontaneous abortion 2 (7,7%) 3 (10,7%) ns Therapeutic abortion 2 (7,7%) 0 ns Voluntary interruption of pregnancy 1 (4.7%) 0 ns Pre-term delivery 4/21 (19%) 2/25 (8%) ns Preterm rupture of membrane 2/21 (9,5%) 2/25 (8%) ns Intra-uterine growth restriction 1/21 (4,7%) 1/25 (4%) ns Average Birth weight 2850 g ( 720–3790) 3147 g (2450–4090) ns Conclusions Based on these findings, there are no significant differences about pregnancy outcome between biologic-exposed group and non-exposed control group. Additional data from larger numbers of pregnant women exposed to biological agents are required. Disclosure of Interest None declared DOI 10.1136/annrheumdis-2014-eular.3342


Cytochrome P450 2C9 (CYP2C9) expression is regulated by multiple nuclear receptors including the constitutive androstane receptor (CAR) and pregnane X receptor (PXR). We compared coregulation of CYP2C9 with CYP2B6 and CYP3A4, prototypical target genes for human CAR and PXR using human hepatocyte cultures treated for three days with the PXR activators clotrimazole, rifampin, and ritonavir; the CAR/PXR activator phenobarbital (PB); and the CAR‐selective agonists CITCO, (6‐(4‐chlorophenyl)imidazo[2,1‐β][1,3]thiazole‐5‐carbaldehyde‐O‐(3,4‐dichlorobenzyl)oxime) and phenytoin. Clotrimazole, rifampin, ritonavir, phenytoin, and phenobarbital induced CYP2C9 consistent with previous findings for CYP3A4. We observed EC50 values of 519 μM (phenobarbital), 11 μM (phenytoin), and 0.75 μM (rifampin), similar to those for CYP3A4 induction. Avasimibe, a potent PXR activator, produced nearly identical concentration‐dependent CYP2C9 and CYP3A4 activity profiles and EC50 values. In 17 donors, rifampin increased mean basal CYP2C9 activity from 59 ± 43 to 143 ± 68 pmol/mg protein/min; fold induction ranged from 1.4‐ to 6.4‐fold. Enzyme activity and mRNA measurements after rifampin, CITCO and PB treatment demonstrated potency and efficacy consistent with CYP2C9 regulation being analogous to CYP3A4 rather than CYP2B6. We demonstrate that hepatic CYP2C9 is differentially regulated by agonists of CAR and PXR, and despite sharing common regulatory mechanisms with CYP3A4 and CYP2B6; this enzyme exhibits an induction profile more closely aligned with that of CYP3A4. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 23:43–58, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/jbt.20264


We built and evaluated a hybrid electrical-packet/optical-circuit network for datacenters using a 10 μs optical circuit switch using wavelength-selective switches based on binary MEMs. This network has the potential to support large-scale, dynamic datacenter workloads.


A solution of Q-CdS (particles of extremely small size, prepared by precipitation in the presence of hexametaphosphate, separated as solid, and redissolved) was fractionated by exclusion chromatography. The various fractions had absorption spectra, in which the maximum of the exciton transition is shifted to shorter wavelengths with increasing elution time. This result proves that the various absorption maxima in the spectrum of Q-CdS are caused by particles of different size. - The development of the absorption spectrum of CdS at different times after the mixing of NaSH and Cd(ClO4)2 solutions in the presence of hexametaphosphate was observed with a stop flow apparatus. As the particles grow, the beginning of absorption is shifted to longer wavelengths. Spectra with several absorption maxima are observed in a certain range of hexametaphosphate concentration. The rate and structure of size distribution are dependent on whether precipitation occurs in bulk solution or on the Cd2+ loaded metaphosphate matrix.


In our present work, we have investigated a newly introduced metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor with an undoped buried region (UBR) just beneath the channel and a buried oxide layer only under the source and the drain regions. A compact capacitive approach has been followed to develop a threshold voltage model of the said UBR MOSFET structure. Depending on this threshold model, an overall performance comparison of the UBR MOSFET has been carried out with its Silicon-on-Insulator (SOI) MOSFET equivalent in terms of threshold voltage roll-off and sub-threshold slope to establish the superiority of the novel UBR MOSFET over its SOI counterpart. The threshold voltage is seen to be lower in the UBR MOSFET than that of the SOI MOSFET, resulting in an increased current driving capability and higher switching speed of the said UBR device. The lower threshold voltage roll-off, self-heating effect and sub-threshold slope indicates the comparatively reduced impact of short channel effects in the case of UBR MOSFET than the corresponding SOI device thereby providing ample scope for further device miniaturization and significant performance improvement, making it a potential candidate for high temperature ultra low dimensional circuits.


Let G = Int(g). Let φ : K → Int(g) be morphism. Let (g0, K0) and (g, K) be as usual. Assume K is connected. Let σ denote the Cartan involution on g compatible with K. Let X denote the flag variety of g. In these notes we compare two classifications of irreducible admissible (g, K)‐ modules: the geometric classification due to Beilinson‐Bernstein and Knapp‐Zuckerman's ver‐ sion of Langlands classification [KZ77]. Both geometric classification andLanglands classification realize irreducible objects as unique irreducible submodules of certain standard modules. Therefore, to obtain a comparison, it is enough to identify the standard modules from the two sides. These talks are based on communication with Dragan Milicic, and I would like to thank him for these discussions. Any mistakes in these notes are mine.


This paper proposes a novel adaptive super-twisting (AST) speed control strategy based on generalized proportional integral observer (GPIO) for permanent magnet linear synchronous motor (PMLSM) system. First, considering the uncertainty of nonlinear friction, thrust ripple and load variation, a GPIO is adopted to estimate the lumped disturbance of system. Second, for conventional super-twisting control (STC), its high switch gain results in deteriorative dynamics. To overcome its drawback, a new AST strategy for PMLSM system is put forward, which can adaptively adjust gain and thus effectively weaken sliding-mode chattering. Finally, taking into account compensation to the lumped disturbance estimated by GPIO, a novel AST-based speed compound controller (SCC) is synthesized so that the speed of PMLSM system is capable of tracking its reference value rapidly and accurately, and the anti-disturbance ability of system can be enhanced. The experimental results confirm that the SCC can enable PMLSM system to achieve high tracking precision and possess strong robustness against disturbance.


The height estimation of the target object is an important research direction in the field of computer vision. The three-dimensional reconstruction of structured light has the characteristics of high precision, noncontact, and simple structure and is widely used in military simulation and cultural heritage protection. In this paper, the height of the target object is estimated by using the word structure light. According to the height dictionary, the height under the offset is estimated by the movement of the structured light to the object. In addition, by effectively preprocessing the captured structured light images, such as expansion, seeking skeleton, and other operations, the flexibility of estimating the height of different objects by structured light is increased, and the height of the target object can be estimated more accurately.


The invention relates to a detecting device for a diameter of an oil and gas pipeline, particularly to a device which can imitate pipeline transformation and corrosion detection process. The detecting experimental device can imitate various pipeline transformations and corrosion defects, meanwhile provide mounting base for various detecting sensing devices, and is suitable for detections of operation laws of a pipeline robot and the diameter of the oil and gas pipeline, ultrasonic detection, magnetic leakage detection, and studies and experiments for various pipeline detection technologies. The pipeline detection experimental device is composed of a mounting frame, a detection mechanism, a rotary table, and a motive power mechanism, wherein the mounting frame of the pipeline detection experimental device provides mounting base for the overall device; the motive power mechanism of the pipeline detection experimental device is used for delivering click twisting moments and measuring the speed of the rotary table; a sensor, which can conduct detection for the imitated pipeline defects, is mounted on the upper part of the detection mechanism of the pipeline detection experimental device; and the surface of the rotary table of the pipeline detection experimental device can produce and imitate various pipeline defects according to detection demands, so as to provide a detection platform for the detection mechanism.


We have performed wide-time-range photon correlation spectroscopy (PCS) on poly(propylene glycol) to probe the dynamics in the glass transition range. In addition to the primary (α) relaxation which shows stretched-exponential behavior, we observe two relaxation processes not witnessed in PCS before. They are assigned to α' and β processes and exhibit similar power-law decays. All three relaxations are analyzed in terms of recent mode-coupling theories and the inherent scaling relations are verified by independent determinations of the relevant exponents from the spectra


In the process of urbanization,urban spatial structure and organization mode are being transformed tremendously,and use of private cars causes traffic congestion and increased carbon emissions.It has become a hot research topic to investigate the relationships between urban spatial structure,residents' outings and carbon emissions from the perspective of micro-mechanisms.In this paper,based on a survey of daily activities of 600 households' from Urumqi City in 2011,basic characteristics of the residents' outings and spatial characteristics of their commuting were analyzed.In addition,the outing-related transport carbon emissions and the influencing factors in different urban areas were examined.The survey covered the activities recorded in consecutive 48 hours including a Sunday and a Monday.The results indicated that:(1) Urumqi residents' outings are mainly commuting.Outings in different areas show spatial diversity: the numbers of trips per capita in the two areas,the central area of inner city and suburban satellite towns,are higher than those in other areas,but the total trip distances in the two areas are significantly shorter than those in other areas.Imbalance of urban development between northern areas and southern areas affect suburbanites' outings.The residents in the areas are more dependent on the central city areas for jobs and services,due to lack of public service infrastructures in southern suburbs,whereas the residents in the northern suburbs tend to work near their own living areas,thanks to adequate employment opportunities and service facilities.(2) In comparison to the large cities on the east,the average actual commuting distance in Urumqi is 4.9 km,shorter commuting distance but longer commuting time.Commuting distance in space shows a significant increasing trend from inner areas to outer areas.(3) The direct carbon emission per capita from residents' daily outings in Urumqi was 682.95 g in 2011.Carbon emissions from residents' daily outings vary significantly in different urban areas,with low-carbon emission in the central area and the satellite towns,moderate-carbon emission in near suburbs and high-carbon emission in far suburbs.


A power management method is provided. The power management method comprising the steps of retrieving a usage information from at least one consumer, and retrieving of power information from a power supply system having a power source, a module for the generation of renewable energy and an energy storage module in order to calculate immediately a first and a second energy threshold. When a power production of the module for the production of renewable energy is less than the second power threshold, the power source or the energy storage module is controlled to provide the consumer energy. If the production of energy between the first and the second energy threshold, the module for the production of renewable energy is controlled to provide the consumer energy. When the power production is higher than the first energy threshold, the module for the production of renewable energy is controlled to provide energy to the consumer and to load the energy storage module.


B iological diversity is essential, whether for agricultural and forestry systems, pharmaceutical products, aesthetics, tourist income, evolutionary processes, stabilization of ecosystems, biological investigations, protection of overall environmental quality, or intrinsic worth of all species on Earth {Ehrlich and Wilson 1991, Wilson 1988a). Although approximately 90% of world food for people comes from just 15 plant species and 8 animal species {Wilson 1988a), several thousand other plant species are used as food by humans (Altieri et al. 1987a).


default method of a researcher. The authors present a solid technical description of the problem of noninvertible Hessians and several alternatives to the usual reaction, including a description of the generalized inverse=generalized Cholesky procedure that they make available through an R package and Gauss procedure. The chapter devoted to convergence problems in logistic regression, written by Paul Allison, presents information that any practitioner applying this methodology needs to understand. The explanation and impact of complete and quasi-complete separation is clearly written and made easily understandable with simple examples. Warning messages from STATA, Systat and the LOGISTIC procedure from SAS are presented for comparison; output from R, JMP, and the CATMOD and GENMOD procedures from SAS are described. It is also noted that GLIM, LIMDEP, Minitab and the mlogit procedure from STATA give no warnings. Even those readers without an extensive statistical background can readily understand the advice on the reporting of parameter estimates, standard errors and results from the corresponding tests when separation is present. The advice also covers the diagnosis of complete and quasi-complete separation, as well as possible solutions for dealing with these issues. As in the section on the Hessian, the emphasis is on not attempting to delete the variables to make the computation 'work', but rather to focus on the original questions by fitting an appropriate model to answer the pertinent questions as raised from expert knowledge in the given field. The book is certainly more directed at researchers who are 'users' of statistical software as opposed to those who wish to implement new statistical concepts directly. The text lacks the detail of implementation found in Thisted (1988) or Monahan (2001); the latter books would better suit a researcher working on implementing methodology not provided by current software. In contrast, Altman, Gill and McDonald have succeeded in providing two useful pieces of information to researchers involved in statistical analysis and interpretation of data: 1) a good understanding of the potential pitfalls involved with the implementation of methodology computationally, and 2) good advice on dealing with the problems that can arise.


1-x x Infrared spectroscopy was used to characterize three series of a-Si:H/a-Si C :H multilayers in which their geometrical parameters were varied. The infrared active vibrational groups in their spectra and the interference fringes in their absorption-free zone were studied to analyze the interfaces and the changes that are produced in very thin layers. Our results show that hydrogen is bonded to silicon only in monohydride groups. No additional hydrogen could be 1-x x detected at these interfaces. The deposition of very thin a-Si C :H layers seems to affect their porous structure, making them denser.


In this paper, we assess the e¤ects of temporary …scal shocks on the Canadian economy using the structural vector autoregression approach. We consider distinct shocks to government spending and tax revenues, and we confront three types of identi…cation approaches. The …rst one is the recursive approach based on the Cholesky decomposition. The second approach follows Blanchard and Perotti (2002) and Perotti (2004) who employed elasticities estimated using information on the tax system to identify the VAR model. In the last one, we impose restrictions on the sign of the variables'responses to the shocks along the lines of Mountford and Uhlig (2005). We …nd that the e¤ects of the government revenues shock are more robust across the identi…cation approaches than the shock to government expenditures. For all the identi…cation approaches, the shock to government expenditures has a bigger impact on GDP than the net tax revenues shock in the very short run. However, on a horizon of two years, the revenues shock dominates because it has a larger stimulating e¤ect on the other components of GDP. In light of our …ndings, we view a speci…cation of the Blanchard and Perotti (2002) model in which the zero output elasticity of government expenditures assumption is dropped as the one leading to the most credible results. JEL classi…cation: E60, E62, H20, H50 Bank classi…cation: ... The views expressed in this paper are those of the authors. No responsibility for them should be attributed to the Bank of Canada.


Four silane coupling agents,1H,1H,2H,2H-polyfluoroalkyl(dimethoxy)(methyl)silanes (1H,1H,2H,2H-henicosafluorododecyl(dimethoxy)(methyl)silane, C10F21C2H4Si(CH3)(OCH3)2, 1H,1H,2H,2H-heptadecafluorodecyl(dimethoxy)(methyl)silane, C8F17C2H4Si(CH3)(OCH3)2, 1H,1H,2H,2H-tridecafluorooctyl(dimethoxy)(methyl)silane, C6F13C2H4Si(CH3)(OCH3)2, and 1H,1H,2H,2H-nonafluorohexyl(dimethoxy)(methyl)silane, C4F9C2H4Si(CH3)(OCH3)2), were prepared by the hydrosilylation of dichloro(methyl)silane with the corresponding 1H,1H,2H-polyfluoro-1-alkene in the presence of hydrogen hexachloroplatinate(IV), followed by the reaction with sodium methoxide. The surface modification of glass plate was attempted using these products. From measurements of the contact angles θ(°) of water and oleic acid against a modified glass plate surface, the coupling agents were found to have high modification ability. The oxidation resistance of the modified glass surface was also investigated.


The general field of the invention is compatible lighting the use of night vision binoculars. Such a lighting device comprises at least: a row of first light emitting diodes (11) carried and powered by an electronic circuit (12); a second light emitting diode (14) surmounted by an optical filter (15), said optical filter having a spectral transmission as the light from the second diode filtered by said filter is compatible with the use of said night vision goggles. The lighting device according to the invention comprises a light guide (16) comprising an input face (161) disposed in front of the second filtered light emitting diode, a guide zone (162) of light whose length is equal to that of the row of first light emitting diodes and a plurality of faces of enabling outputs (163) disposed at and between the first light emitting diodes.


Error patterns in computation have been well researched for written computation; but there is little research into the error patterns common among students computing mentally. The responses made by 3035 students in Grades 3 to 10 were analysed and the most common errors made at each grade level ascertained. Common patterns of errors are described. Possible reasons for these errors and implications for the classroom are discussed. Mental computation is officially recognised as requiring at least equal attention in school mathematics with written computation. For example the National Statement on Mathematicsfor Australian Schools (Australian Education Council, 1991) states: People need to carry out straightforward calculations mentally, and students should regard mental arithmetic as a first resort in many situations where a calculation is needed. Strategies associated with mental computation should be developed explicitly throughout the schooling years and should not be restricted to the recall of basic facts .. .1ess emphasis should be given to standard paper-and pencil algorithms and, to the extent that they continue to be taught, they should be taught at later stages in schooling. (p. 109)


DETERMINATION OF THE ECONOMIC PROFITABILITY OF THE CANADIAN PACIFIC RAILWAY (CPR) AS AN INVESTMENT PROJECT IS DISCUSSED, INCLUDING THE AMOUNT AND NECESSITY OF SUBSIDIES AWARDED TO THE CPR BY THE GOVERNMENT OF CANADA. THE ECONOMIC PROFITABILITY OF THE TRANSCONTINENTAL RAILWAY PROJECT WAS DETERMINED BY ESTIMATING THE PRIVATE RATE OF RETURN ON ACTUAL INVESTMENT IN THE CPR. THE RATE OF RETURN CALCULATIONS WERE EMPLOYED TO TEST THE VALIDITY OF THE ASSUMPTION THAT A SUBSIDY WAS NECESSARY TO INDUCE CONSTRUCTION BY A PRIVATE COMPANY. THE NECESSARY SUBSIDY "EX POST" IS TAKEN TO BE THAT PORTION OF THE TOTAL CASH COSTS OF CONSTRUCTION REQUIRED TO RAISE THE REALIZED PRIVATE RATE OF RETURN ON THE CONTRIBUTION OF PRIVATE INVESTORS TO AT LEAST THE NORMAL RATE IN ALTERNATIVE INVESTMENTS. THE POLITICAL OR SOCIAL NECESSITY OF THE RAILROAD ARE NOT QUESTIONED. IT IS CONCLUDED THAT A LARGER THAN NECESSARY SUBSIDY WAS PAID. /BPR/


Summary form only given. Singly resonant, quasi-phase-matched integrated optical parametric oscillators (SR-IOPO) are attractive candidates for efficient frequency conversion, continuously tunable in a broad wavelength range. Using annealed proton exchanged waveguides near-infrared devices have been demonstrated with an oscillation threshold of 1.6 W. On the other hand, low-loss Ti:LiNbO/sub 3/ waveguides allow to reduce the threshold considerably. This was recently demonstrated by a mid-infrared device with a doubly resonant configuration. In the contribution the first continuous-wave mid-infrared SR-IOPO with periodically poled Ti:LiNbO/sub 3/ waveguide is reported.


This paper describes how the City of Montreal, Canada has implemented a dynamic traffic assignment (DTA) model of the Montreal central business district (CBD) and the 9-km Notre-Dame Street corridor, which covers a total area of 100 km2. This DTA model, which was implemented with Dynameq software, bridges the gap between travel demand models for long-range planning of metropolitan regions and microsimulation software for traffic operations. Three different situations were analyzed. The first is the transformation of an existing urban expressway into a signal free access controlled facility. The second is a downtown exit ramp serving the regional transit hub. The third is an urban arterial with various re-design alternatives and its impacts on through traffic in the adjoining neighborhood. In each case, the incompatibilities between the regional planning model and the required inputs for a microsimulation model were resolved by the use of the DTA model as an intermediate step between these two fundamentally different methodologies. The static modeling was carried out with EMME/2. Dynameq was used to generate an equilibrium DTA on a subarea from EMME/2. Traffic signal timing plans were optimized in Synchro using Dynameq outputs, and then fed back into Dynameq, looping several times if required and the results were visualized in Dynameq and SimTraffic. The benefit of this three-level methodology (static assignment, DTA, and micro-simulation) was excellent calibration results at all levels of network resolution with modest resources, as well as consistency among the microsimulation study areas. As data scrutiny for multi-million dollar evaluation studies for redevelopment projects compels analysts to seek unprecedented levels of data confidence, using a DTA model to link the planning and microsimulation paradigms has become a necessity.


1Department of Biochemistry, Near East University School of Medicine, Nicosia, Cyprus 2Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Near East University School of Medicine, Nicosia, Cyprus 3Department of Radiology, Near East University School of Medicine, Nicosia, Cyprus 4Department of Ear Nose Throat, Near East University School of Medicine, Nicosia, Cyprus 5Department of Pediatrics, Yenikent Health Center, Nicosia, Cyprus


Density functional theory has been used to study the interaction of molecular and atomic hydrogen with (5,5) and (6,6) single-wall carbon nanotubes. Static calculations allowing for different degrees of structural relaxation are performed, in addition to dynamical simulations. Molecular physisorption inside and outside the nanotube walls is predicted to be the most stable state of those systems. The binding energies for physisorption of the H2 molecule outside the nanotube are in the range 0.04–0.07 eV. This means that uptake and release of molecular hydrogen from nanotubes is a relatively easy process, as many experiments have proved. A chemisorption state, with the molecule dissociated and the two hydrogen atoms bonded to neighbor carbon atoms, has also been found. However, reaching this dissociative chemisorption state for an incoming molecule, or starting from the physisorbed molecule, is difficult because of the existence of a substantial activation barrier. The dissociative chemisorption deforms the...


Objective: The objective of the study was to study the therapeutic effects and adverse events of single dose of intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide (TA) in macular edema (ME).
Methods: This prospective observational study was conducted for a period of 18 months in a tertiary care hospital. A total of 100 patients who received intravitreal injection of TA 4 mg were followed up within 1 month of injection and thereafter monthly for 3 months. Therapeutic effect was noted by improvement in visual acuity and reduction in macular thickness. Safety was assessed based on adverse events reported during the study period. The quantitative variables were analyzed by paired t-test and the qualitative variables by Wilcoxon signed-rank test and Chi-square test.
Results: The mean age was 58.66±11.21 years with majority of patients (46%) in 46–60 age group. Diabetic retinopathy was the most common etiology. Fifteen patients experienced improvement in vision within 1 month, 51, 84, and 91 patients had better visual acuity after 1, 2, and 3 months, respectively, which were statistically significant (p=0.001). The mean macular thickness of 497.79±115.08 at baseline reduced to 448.62±112.48 within 1 month which further reduced to 383.72±105.79, 327.33±86.49, and 263.83±68.68 at the end of the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd months, respectively (p=0.001). The adverse events of rise in intraocular pressure, cataract, redness, pain, floaters, and subconjunctival hemorrhage were not found to be statistically significant (p>0.05).
Conclusion: Intravitreal TA injection may be an effective and safe treatment option for ME due to various etiologies.


Sodium ion battery (SIB) as a next‐generation battery has been drawing much attention due to the abundance and even distribution of sodium source. Metal sulfides with high theoretical capacity and good electrical conductivity are promising anode candidates for SIB, however, the structural collapse caused by severe volume change during the de/sodiation process typically results in a fast capacity decay, limited rate capability, and cycling stability. In this work, by careful composition and structure design, polydopamine coated Prussian blue analogs derived carbon coated bimetallic sulfide hollow nanocubes (PBCS) are prepared with distinguished morphology, higher surface area, smaller charge transfer resistance, and higher sodium diffusion coefficient than the uncoated bimetallic sulfides. An optimum carbon coated bimetallic sulfide hollow nanocube anode delivers a specific capacity of ≈500 mA h g−1 at 50 mA g−1 with ethylene carbonate/dimethyl carbonate (1:1, vol%) electrolyte in the presence of fluoroethylene carbonate additives. A capacity of 122.3 mA h g−1 can be realized at 5000 mA g−1, showing good rate performance. In addition the carbon coated bimetallic sulfide hollow nanocubes can maintain capacity of 87 mA h g−1 after being cycled at 500 mA g−1 for 150 times, indicating its good cycling stability. The structure integrity, high specific capacity, good rate performance, and cycling stability of PBCS render it a promising anode material for advanced SIB.


Assessment of Sites' Suitability Using MCE Method and GIS for Poultry Microenterprises and Value Chain Development: A Study in Gazipur District, Bangladesh RONPAKU Fellow Name Khaleda SYEDA Position Manager ID No. UGC11038 Department Research & Publication Department Institution Pall Karma-Sahayak Foundation Nationality Bangladesh Japanese Advisor Name Yuji MURAYAMA Position Professor Institution University of Tsukuba


A gyrokinetic system of equations for turbulent toroidal plasmas in time-dependent axisymmetric background magnetic fields is derived from the variational principle. Besides governing equations for gyrocenter distribution functions and turbulent electromagnetic fields, the conditions which self-consistently determine the background magnetic fields varying on a transport time scale are obtained by using the Lagrangian, which includes the constraint on the background fields. Conservation laws for energy and toroidal angular momentum of the whole system in the time-dependent background magnetic fields are naturally derived by applying Noether's theorem. It is shown that the ensemble-averaged transport equations of particles, energy, and toroidal momentum given in the present work agree with the results from the conventional recursive formulation with the WKB representation except that collisional effects are disregarded here.


Although the amino acid sequences of two subtilisins' do not resemble those of the pancreatic proteinases chymotrypsin2 and trypsin,3' 4 the two groups of enzymes are similar in that they are both inhibited by reaction with diisopropylfluorophosphate at a single specific serine residue.5 Further, a specific histidine residue has been identified in the active sites of trypsin and chymotrypsin by reaction with the specific alkylating agents TLCKI6 I and TPCK.8 Although these reagents do not inhibit the subtilisins,9 kinetic data do suggest involvement of an un-ionized histidine residue in the active sites of these enzymes.10 Shaw and Ruscicall have found that the increased reactivity of the bromomethyl ketone of carbobenzoxy-L-phenylalanine (ZPBK) is sufficient to inhibit the subtilisins. There is close agreement between the loss of activity, incorporation of tritium from 3H-ZPBK, and loss of histidine with subtilisin BPN'. The reagent is stereospecific with only the L-form being reactive with the enzyme. That the reactive histidine must be involved in the enzymic activity is demonstrated by the finding that subtilisin BPN' treated with ZPBK no longer reacts with diisopropylfluorophosphate. After performic acid oxidation, 3-carboxymethylhistidine was identified. We wish to report on the identification of the active-site histidine residue in the subtilisins with the use of ZPBK. Materials and Methods.-Chemicals: Subtilisin Carlsberg was obtained from Novo Pharmaceutical Company, Copenhagen, Denmark (batch 60420), and subtilisin BPN' (as Nagarse) from Biddle Sawyer Corp., New York. ZPBK and 3H-ZPBK were synthesized by the method of Shaw and Ruscica."1 Radioactivity measurements: Radioactivity of the tritium-labeled protein or peptides was measured in a Packard (model 3003) liquid scintillation spectrometer. Liquid samples of 20-100 ,ud (usually 50 ,ul) were counted in 10.0 ml of Bray's solution,'2 with corrections for background but not for differences in efficiencies with the different solvents or different sized aliquots. To locate radioactive peptides after preparative chromatography or electrophoresis, guide strips that had been sprayed with ninhydrin or the Pauly reagent'3 were cut into small pieces and counted as described above in 10.0 ml of a scintillation solvent that contained 6 gm of PPO and 0.3 gm of dimethyl POPOP in 1 liter of toluene. In later stages of the work, a Beckman solubilizer BBS-3 was added to the toluene scintillation solvent'4 to improve the counting efficiency. Peptide separation: Peptides were separated either by gel filtration on Sephadex G-75 or G-25 in formic acid-propanol-water (30:20:50 by volume) and detected with ninhydrin after alkaline hydrolysis.'5 Paper chromatography in n-butanol-acetic acid-water (200:30:75 by volume) (BAW) and paper electrophoresis at pH 1.9 were used preparatively. Peptides were eluted from paper with 35% acetic acid and, unless otherwise specified, were dried on a rotary evaporator. Peptide maps were run with electrophoresis at pH 1.9 and chromatography in BAW. Amino acid analysis: Samples were hydrolyzed at 1100 for 24 hr in evacuated glass tubes with 6 N HCI containing a drop of 5% phenol in water. Analyses were performed with the Spinco automatic amino acid analyzer model 120 B with an accelerated system.'6 17 Results.-Reaction of 3H-ZPBK wvith subtilisin Carlsberg: M\1ost of the work


The force transferring between reinforcing steel and the surrounding concrete in reinforced concrete is influenced by several factors. Whereas, the study on bond behaviour of geopolymer concrete (GPC) is lagging. In this paper, an experimental attempt has been made to evaluate the geopolymer concrete bond with reinforcing steel of different diameter and embedded length using standard pull out test. The geopolymer concrete is made of ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBFS) as geopolymer source material (GSM). The tests were conducted to evaluate the development of bond between steel and concrete of grade M40 and M50 with 12 and 16 mm diameter reinforcing steel for geopolymer and cement concrete mixes and to develop a relation between bond strength and compressive strength. From the experimental results, it has been observed that the bond strength of the geopolymer concrete mixes was more compared to the cement concrete mixes and increases with the reduction in the diameter of the bar.