Two-dimensional principal component analysis (2DPCA) has been used to examine ionospheric total electron content (TEC) during the time period from 7 to 12 May 2008, which was five days before China's Wenchuan earthquake (Mw=7.9) at 06:28:00 UT on 12 May 2008 with the epicentre of | (31.119°N, 103.258°E). A TEC precursor represented with a larger principal eigenvalue was detectable during the time period from 02:00–04:00 UT (10:00–12:00 LT) on 9 May 2008 over the epicentre for the duration of approximately 2 hours.


THE INVENTOSE relates to a 9,11,11,12-tetrahydro-9-12-epoxy-1H-DIINDOLO [1,2,3-FG: 3 '', 2 ', 1' '- KL] -PIROLO- [3,4 -I] [1,6] -BENZODIAZOCINA-1,3 (2H) -dione AND METHOD FOR MAKING. ALSO it REFERS TO PHARMACEUTICALS, CONTAINING THIS COMPOUND AND SERVING FOR TREATING HEART DISEASE AND BLOOD VESSELS.


Scientific applications contain program sections that exhibit repetitive data accesses. This paper proposes combined compile-time/runtime data reference analysis techniques that exploit repetitive data access behavior in both regular and irregular program sections. We present a new compiler algorithm to detect such repetitive data references and an API to an underlying software distributed shared memory (software DSM) system to orchestrate the learning and pro-active reuse of communication patterns. We evaluate the combined compile-time/runtime system on a selection of OpenMP applications, exhibiting both regular and irregular data reference patterns, resulting in average performance improvement of 28.1% on 8 processors.


.The potential of Greenland! hydropower came into focus folIowing the energy crisis in 1973 and the sub sequent demand for exploitation of Greenland's own energy resources. Investigations have been made since the mid-1970s on the feasibility of hydropower in Greenland. At tirst, emphasis was put upon large, or regional, basins that could supply new energy-intensive industries (GTO, 1975). During the 1980s, the emphasis changed to the so-called 'town basins' where hydro power would be developed to supplement the existing energy in selected Greenland towns. The first hydro power plant is under construction at the Kangerluar sunnguaq/Buksefjorden basin south-east of Nuuk, the capital of Greenland, to supply Nuuk with energy (Fig. 1). This hydropower plant is planned to come into oper ation in autumn 1993. with of less GWh supply nearby with large plants with a potential greater than 250 GWh per year in tended to supply energy to nearby towns and energy intensive industries, energy-storage systems (pro duction and storage of hydrogen are being investigated as a possibility).


This study aims to explain and formulate marketing alternatives that can be seen from the internal and external conditions in the Mojo Kitchen Coffee Shop Business at Jln Bhaskara No. 5 City of Surabaya. This research uses SWOT analysis (Strength, Weakness, Opportunities, Threats) and QSPM (Quantitative Strategic Planning Matrix) using AHP Integration to Explain and Formulate Marketing Strategies. 5 City of Surabaya. Internal environmental analysis is used to get the strengths and weaknesses of the Mojo Kitchen Coffee Shop, and external environmental analysis is used to get opportunities and threats to the Mojo Kitchen Coffee Shop. From the results of the SWOT analysis (Strength, Weakness, Opportunities, Threats), there are two SO (Strength Opportunity) Strategies, Two WO Strategies (Weakness Opportunity), Two ST (Strength Threat) Strategies, and Two WT (Weaknes Threat) Strategies. From the results of the four strategies, one strategy that is more superior or prioritized is selected by performing a QSPM (Quantitative Strategic Planning Matrix) analysis. From the results of the QSPM analysis, it is found that one more strategy is prioritized based on the largest total value of attraction (TAS). The strategy that gets the largest total attractiveness value (TAS) is Staregi 3 providing more products than various other coffee shops with a total attractiveness value of 5,852.


Anomalous strain changes are associated with the electric field induced phase transition from an antiferroelectric phase to a ferroelectric one. PZT family ceramics Pb0.99Nb0.02[(Zr0.6Sn0.4)1-y,Tiyl0.98O3 are investigated here, revealing digitalized strains or a shape memory effect. These phenomena are explainable in terms of a dielectric phase diagram. Applications are proposed for generating swing motion with a constant amplitude or mechanical clamping at the position with a narrow space.


Volatile oils from pteridophyte plants, namely Selaginella moellendorfii Hieron, Lygodium japonicum (Thunb.)Sw. and Pterismultifida Poir., were obtained by hydrodistillation. The oils obtained were analyzed by GC-MS. More than 90,38 and 57 peaks were separated respectively,and 86,36 and 55 compounds representing 95.56 % ,94.74 % and 96.49 % of the oils respectively were identified which indicated that there were 16 kinds of identical substances in the oils. Essential oil constituents from S. moellendorfii, L.japonicum and Pterismultifida were mainly higher alkanes, alkenes, alcohols, phenols and aldehydes.


Researchers at Rutgers University have harnessed a laser to determine the ratio of carbon-13 to carbon-12 in gas samples—a measurement usually performed using a specialized mass spectrometer. The new laser-based technique is simpler, much more specific, and potentially much less expensive than using a mass spectrometer, says its developer, Daniel E. Murnick, a professor of physics at Rutgers' Newark, N.J., campus. At the same time, the laser method offers comparable sensitivity and accuracy. The technique, Murnick believes, could supplant the use of mass spectrometers to measure 13 C: 12 C ratios. The technique and its applications are likely to attract "strong interdisciplinary interest," according to a scientist familiar with the work. For example, carbon isotope ratios are used by geologists and environmental scientists to study carbon cycles such as the production and absorption of carbon dioxide in sediments, ocean water, and the atmosphere. Such ratios also enable biologists and medical researchers ...


An apparatus (200) for generating an ion beam, may comprise according to various embodiments: a cathode (202) and an anode (204) for generating ions in a first emission region (211) and in a second emission region (213); wherein the anode (204) has a first emission region (211) associated with the first anode surface (204a) may be, wherein the first anode surface (204a) generated a first main direction of propagation (207) for the first emission region (211) may define ions, and wherein the anode (204) may have a second emission region (213) associated with the second anode surface (204b), wherein the second anode surface (204b) a second main direction of propagation (209) for the second emission region (213) may define ions generated, wherein the first anode surface (204a) and the second anode surface (204b) at an angle (204w) to each other may be arranged so that the first main propagation direction (207) in a angle to the second main propagation direction (209) extends.


A laminated glass typically consists of two layers of glass and one layer of polymer. It is utilised in
many applications in which the glazing is exposed to external threats like impact or blast. In this paper,
damage development of laminated glass plates by soft impact is investigated in both low and high
velocity regimes. Low velocity impacts (up to 4 ms-1
) were conducted using a drop tower. Soft impact
was achieved by attaching a silicon rubber cylinder to a flat steel impactor, with a diameter larger than
that of the rubber, which itself is backed by a 16.9 kg weight. Different velocities were obtained by
dropping the weight from various heights. For high velocity impacts (up to 220 ms-1
), a gas gun
apparatus was used. The silicon rubber cylinder was fired, using a sabot, in a 25 mm diameter barrel.
High speed photography was employed to monitor the deformation and damage development in the
laminated glass samples. Laminated glasses with different types of polymer interlayer were tested. The
results show a better impact resistance for laminated glass with a stiffer polymer interlayer at both low
and high velocity regimes.


The robust excitation control model of powersystem has nonlinear and uncertain properties, and theuncertainty doesnt satisfy the matching condition. Integrating feedback linearization, H disturbance attenuation and sliding mode variable structure control, this paper proposes the design procedure of H sliding mode robust excitation controller.Firstly, robust excitation control model is converted into linear model with uncertainty by applying feedback linearizationtechnology. Then a dynamic sliding mode with the property of attenuating mismatching disturbance is obtained by making use of H technology. Last, the ultimate control law, which canattenuate matching disturbance completely, is acquired byadopting variable structure control technology. The simulations shows that the proposed controller can stabilize power system effectively.


Background: Hepatocellular carcinoma is the fifth most common tumor worldwide and the second most common cause of cancer-related death. Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is a leading cause of liver cirrhosis and hence the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Egypt has the highest HCV prevalence worldwide. The introduction of new direct acting antiviral agents in the past 5 years has dramatically improved the outcomes of HCV treatment response with > 90% of patients achieving a sustained virological response (SVR) after 12 weeks of end treatment. However, the effect of direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) induced HCV clearance on HCC recurrence after HCC treatment has emerged as a topic of controversy.
Objective: To evaluate the relation between liver stiffness as measured by fibro scan and development of HCC in chronic HCV patients.
Patients and methods: A prospective study was done at Kafar Alshaykh National Hepatology Institute conducted in collaboration with the Gastroenterology Unit Department of Internal Medicine, Al-Hussein University Hospital, and Cairo Egypt. The study included 150 patients with proven liver cirrhosis secondary to chronic hepatitis C (CHC) they were further sub classified into three equal groups: Group I with chronic hepatitis C, liver cirrhosis and HCC, Group II with CHC and HCC that appeared after treatment with DAA, and Group III (control group) with cirrhotic chronic hepatitis C (CHC) without HCC.
Results: In this study, there was a statistically significant difference between group I (30.38 ± 11.32 kPa) and controlled group (25.0 ± 13.34 kPa), regarding fibro scan results (P = 0.004). On other hand there was no significant difference between group II (23.24 ± 7.69 kPa) and controlled group regarding LS.
Conclusion: Fibro scan can be a good technique for detection of HCC high-risk cirrhotic patients not treated by DAA and can be of great added value if incorporated in the current HCC screening protocols in hepatitis C cirrhotic patients. On the other hand, LS tended to decrease dramatically after the treatment with DAA. Using TE in these patients would therefore be misleading liver stiffness measurement (LSM), the risk of HCC remains because advanced fibrosis or cirrhosis, which is the most important risk factor for liver cancer, not completely resolved by antiviral treatment. As a matter of fact, the degree of liver fibrosis seems to be a strong predictor of the risk of HCC development.


The demand for stevia extract consumption as an alternative sweetener that contains stevioside with zero-calorie is increasing. However, dark color and high tannin content from stevia leaf extract causes a disturbing aftertaste and reduces interest in consumption. Therefore, the purification process is a mandatory step to be done. Several studies on purification methods show the best approach by adsorption using bentonite. However, natural bentonite has limited adsorption capacity and low selectivity. An activation with acid and high temperature is expected to increase the adsorption capacity of color and its selectivity on maintaining the stevioside at the extract. This study aimed to obtain the optimum acid concentration and temperature for the activation using the Response Surface Method (RSM) experimental design and its application to the purification of stevia leaf extract. Based on the parameter of methylene blue number, the most optimum concentration of H2SO4 used for activation was 0.17 N for both natural bentonite. The heating temperature was 358°C for Na-bentonite and 481°C for Ca bentonite. The maximum adsorption capacities of activated Na and Ca-bentonite were increased from 15.65 and 38.23 mg g-1 to 197.72 and 169.52 mg g-1, respectively. The best adsorbent used for purification is Ca-activated, which increased extract clarification up to 81.37% at 655 nm and 86.64% at 410 nm compared to natural Ca bentonite. It also reduced tannin up to 97.46% and was more selective to recover 50.64% stevia content in the solution, which was higher than other previously reported studies.


tumours are discovered in appendices removed at operations. With few exceptions the tumours are small, and are only recognised 011 careful naked-eye or even on microscopical examination. There is 110 doubt that a neoplasm is entirely overlooked in many cases, as the character of the growth may be masked by inflammatory changes in the appendix. The most striking figures available as to the frequency of the condition are those recorded by MacCarty and M'Grath,1 who examined the material from the Mayo Clinic. Out of a total of five thousand appendices, primary cancer was found in 22 specimens, or in *44 per cent, of the cases. I11 1906 the subject


Various media for teaching and learning have been developed and have been a popular issue, including media for teaching English. Regarding to this, technology and online or web-based learning take an important role in teaching and learning process. Using technology can be easier to get the latest information. This E-learning, Quipper School is for media to teach English. This research focuses on the classroom interaction in teaching English using Quipper School. The method of this research used descriptive qualitative. The researcher did the preliminary research and did the research. The researcher described the data and analyzed the data. From this research the researcher found that teacher's talk occurred in teaching process in opening section, teaching explanation, assignment, and closing. Student's talk occurred when one of students was asking, writing study note and answering the question. Also the pattern in classroom interaction using Quipper School is not always all the patterns are used. As the researcher found that in one teaching process there are three patterns, teacher – whole class and teacher – a student and student – student. The strength of using Quipper School is the students get award when the students have true answer. The weaknesses of Quipper School are the lesson difficult to understand, from students are having no internet connection and from school limit internet connection. The researcher concludes that Quipper School is good for teaching English. But, it is better used online class not in class.


Objective
To explore the thoracic and diaphragmatic complications of treating hepatic malignant tumor using thermal ablation techniques.

Methods
The patients received thermal ablations were involved as subjects from January 2002 to December 2013. The thoracic and diaphragmatic complications of treating hepatic malignant tumor with percutaneous thermal ablation were retrospectively analyzed.

Results
A total of 1 520 patients with 2 789 hepatic tumors [average largest diameter of tumor (2.30±1.03)cm] underwent 2 066 thermal ablation treatments. Five hundred and six radiofrequency ablation (RFA) and 1 560 microwave ablation procedures were performed, respectively. The complete ablation rate was 96.8% (2 701/2 789) at 1 month after treatment. The major thoracic and diaphragmatic complication rates were 0.8%(17/2 066), meanwhile the minor complication rates were 6.5% (134/2 066).

Conclusions
The thoracic and diaphragmatic complication rate of percutaneous thermal ablation is low in the treatment of hepatic malignant tumors. However, the major complications may cause serious consequences. Therefore, the patients of diaphragm-abutting liver tumors are fully assessed before thermal ablation treatments, and relevant prevention measures are completed. Open or laparoscope is used to assist thermal ablation treatment when necessary.

Key words:
Ultrasonography; Liver neoplasm; Ablation technique; Complications; Diaphragm


Research studies have revealed that male circumcision (MC) reduces the transmission of HIV infection from infected women to circumcised men by up to 60% (UNAIDS 2007:2), hence the adoption of MC as an HIV-infection prevention strategy by the United Nations (WHO 2007:2). Botswana, a sub-Saharan African (SSA) country, has HIV as a leading health and developmental challenge. The government adopted male circumcision as one of the strategies to combat the infection. Apparently, not all tribes in Botswana practise male circumcision as part of their culture. The purpose of this study was to develop and describe a model for HIV-infection prevention using MC. Three theory-generating research objectives were used to develop the model, namely to explore and describe perceptions of men regarding the use of MC, to develop and describe a model for MC service delivery, and to develop and describe guidelines for service providers to facilitate delivery of MC. A theory-generating research design which is qualitative, exploratory, descriptive, and contextual was used to develop the model in three phases. Phase 1 involved concept identification, concept definition, and concept classification. Data was collected using focus group discussions and individual in-depth interviews among 38 men aged 18-49 years and analysed according to recommendations made by Tesch (1990), as cited in Creswell (2009:186). Four themes emerged in the study, namely perceived effects on values, perceived source and provision of information, perceived knowledge of benefits of male circumcision, and perceived risks of male circumcision. The concept of "culture congruence" was derived from the themes as the main concept for the development of a "culture-congruent MC model for HIV prevention". Phase 2 involved a description of the structure and the process of the model, by organising the concepts in relation to one another. The model was also evaluated. Phase 3 of the model involved the development of guidelines to support health service providers to provide MC services in a culture-congruent way in preventing HIV infection. Recommendations made were incorporation of transcultural health care instruction in nursing and medicine curricula, research on secondary audiences, such as women, and application of a culture-congruent MC model among diverse cultures.


Starting from the temperature dependencies of the energy density and pressure from lattice QCD calculation, we extract the temperature dependencies of the electric and magnetic condensate near Tc. While the magnetic condensate hardly changes across Tc, we find that the electric condensate increases abruptly above Tc. This induces a small but an equally abrupt decrease in the mass of J/ψ, which can be calculated through the second-order Stark effect. Combining the present result with the previously determined QCD sum rule constraint, we extract the thermal width of J/ψ above Tc, which also increases fast. These changes can be identified as the critical behavior of J/ψ across Tc associated with the phase transition. We find that the mass shift and width broadening of J/ψ at 1.05 Tc will be around −100 MeV and 100 MeV respectively.


Background There is a paucity of data about the occurrence and risk factors of herpes simplex virus (HSV) reactivation among patients with severe COVID-19 presenting with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Methods We performed a nested case-control study among a cohort of SARS-CoV-2 infected patients with ARDS. Between March and April 2020, all consecutive mechanically ventilated patients ≥18 years old with a positive PCR for SARS-CoV-2 on mucocutaneous samples were included in the study. We collected data on demographics, medical history, laboratory variables, administration of antivirals and other agents, respiratory and organ support procedures, microbiological results, and management of ARDS with prone positioning and the use of steroids. Univariate and multivariable Cox regression models were performed in order to identify predictors of HSV reactivation. Results Eighty-three patients with laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection were admitted to the ICU for mechanical ventilation. 18/83 (21.7%) patients developed mucocutaneous herpes simplex virus reactivation after a median of 17 days (IQR, 14–20). Prone positioning was the only independent risk factor for HSV reactivation (adj. hazard ratios, 1.60; 95% CI, 1.11–2.30; P = 0.009). All patients with mucocutaneous HSV reactivation were treated with antivirals. The outcome in terms of ventilator-associated pneumonia, catheter-related bloodstream infections, and in-hospital mortality was similar for patients with and without HSV reactivation. Conclusions HSV reactivation is frequent in COVID-19 patients with ARDS, especially if prolonged invasive mechanical ventilation with prone positioning is needed. Prompt testing for HSV and initiation of antiviral therapy should be performed in case of mucocutaneous lesions in this population.


Coase insists that the supreme principle for the arrangement of social institutions should be to secure effifiency while neoliberalism insists that that should be to secure freedom.In the framework of Coasian theory,the implementation of Coase's efficiency-first principle not only means that the state should be allowed to extend its coercive behavior to the fields far beyond the range that could be tolerated by the neoliberalist freedom principle,but also may require the negation of the essence of the liberalist freedom principle,i.e.the property-private-ownership principle.So it is obvious that there exists some profound discords and conflicts between Coase and neoliberalism,and that it is unscientific to take Coase as a liberalist.Coase's efficiency-first principle itself indicate that he is a efficiency supremacist.


A new class of life distributions, called new better than used of age t 0 and beyond (NBU-[t 0, ∞)), is introduced. It includes the class of new better than used (NBU) life distribution and is included in the class of new better than used of a specified age t 0(NBU − t 0). Testing whether a life distribution is exponential in [t 0, ∞) versus that it is NBU there is presented both when t 0 is known or when it is unknown but can be estimated. The special case when t 0 is the p-th percentile of the distribution leads to an asymptotically distribution-free procedure whether it is known or not.


LncARSR (lncRNA Activated in RCC with Sunitinib Resistance, ENST00000424980) is a newly identified lncRNA to promote the sunitinib resistance of renal cell carcinoma (RCC), which may contribute to tumorigenesis and progression. This study aimed to explore the association of lncARSR tagSNPs with the risk and prognosis of RCC.


Digital game-based learning attracts increasingly attention due to its positive influences on learning. Different games promote different aspects of learning. This paper attempts to propose a performance-based learning (PeBL) approach to create stage contexts in game-based learning environments. A My-Pet-and-Our-Stage system is developed according to this PeBL approach, and contains My-Pet and Our-Stage, which contains pet-nurturing mode and task learning mode, pet-performance mode and pet-performance mode, respectively. The learners in order to gain identity-making in front-stage, and therefore the learners need to be effort-making in back-stage. Since these the animal companions are driven by learner models.


A digital image encryption algorithm based on chaotic mapping is presented in this paper. The Anti- damages properties is researched by the MATLAB6.5 programming. The experiment shows that it makes a good effect in encryption, and the image is strong in Anti- damages.


The electrochemical separation of aluminum-silicon alloy in the low temperature molten salt AlCl3-NaCl-KCl at constant current deposition was studied.Aluminum-silicon alloy for the anode electrode and stainless steel for the cathode electrode were used.The effects of temperature,current density and time on the current efficiency and the morphology of deposited aluminum were analyzed by the scanning electron microscope and X-ray diffraction.The results show that,when the current density is 50mA/cm2,the maximum current efficiency can reach 93.7%at 200℃for 60min using Si-50%Al(mass fraction)as anode electrode,and there is 90.4%silicon in the anode slime.


Internet has revolutionized the world. Today, in every field, internet is used. Majority of the population use the internet for searching information. The purpose of this paper is to understand the antecedents of tourists' online information search behavior. In this paper, a self constructed model is used to explain their search behavior. This model is developed with the help of secondary sources and also some new refinements are made in the original model


This paper presents the first feedback from field experiments of remote fiber testing systems using U band, new High Resolution OTDR and Out-of-band reflective markers installed on the ONT side.


Objective. Accurate identification of surface electromyography (EMG) muscle onset is vital when examining short temporal parameters such as electromechanical delay. The visual method is considered the 'gold standard' in onset detection. Automatic detection methods are commonly employed to increase objectivity and reduce analysis time, but it is unclear if they are sensitive enough to accurately detect EMG onset when relating them to short-duration motor events. Approach. This study aimed to determine: (1) if automatic detection methods could be used interchangeably with visual methods in detecting EMG onsets (2) if the Teager–Kaiser energy operator (TKEO) as a conditioning step would improve the accuracy of popular EMG onset detection methods. The accuracy of three automatic onset detection methods: approximated generalized likelihood ratio (AGLR), TKEO, and threshold-based method were examined against the visual method. EMG signals from fast, explosive, and slow, ramped isometric plantarflexor contractions were evaluated using each technique. Main results. For fast, explosive contractions, the TKEO was the best-performing automatic detection method, with a low bias level (4.7 ± 5.6 ms) and excellent intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) of 0.993, however with wide limits of agreement (LoA) (−6.2 to +15.7 ms). For slow, ramped contractions, the AGLR with TKEO conditioning was the best-performing automatic detection method with the smallest bias (11.3 ± 32.9 ms) and excellent ICC (0.983) but produced wide LoA (−53.2 to +75.8 ms). For visual detection, the inclusion of TKEO conditioning improved inter-rater and intra-rater reliability across contraction types compared with visual detection without TKEO conditioning. Significance. In conclusion, the examined automatic detection methods are not sensitive enough to be applied when relating EMG onset to a motor event of short duration. To attain the accuracy needed, visual detection is recommended. The inclusion of TKEO as a conditioning step before visual detection of EMG onsets is recommended to improve visual detection reliability.


Industrial heritage buildings are a significant part of the total building stock. Most of these buildings have a higher energy consumption. This means that it will have a positive impact on the climate when these buildings are renovated. Next to that, the vacancy of heritage buildings, especially industrial heritage, is increasing. In the early 1900 industrial buildings were placed on the edge of a city. Now that cities are expanding they are becoming obsolete and near the city centre. After renovating these buildings they can be reused and will benefit the surroundings. These buildings have certain cultural values and are part of the cultural heritage. This is why it is valuable to maintain their cultural values during a renovation. This can be complex if there is a lack of knowledge about the different renovation measures. To lower the threshold of these renovation projects a research is done with the main question: 'How can a decision-support model be created that analyses renovation measures to improve the balance between costs, sustainability, and cultural values in industrial heritage renovation projects?'. The focus is laid on several aspects: cultural values, sustainability, heritage laws, costs, and technique. The research will be done based on literature reviews, empirical research containing case studies and an operational research conducted during an internship at ABT. The goal is to create a model that supports decision making by weighing the impact of different renovation measures on the aspects costs, sustainability, and cultural value in a renovation project. This will result in an overview of which measures, such as applying insulation, will be best to use during a renovation project.


This article identifies a central paradox in "open learning" - that in a commercial context its "openness", seen from instrumental and prescriptive perspectives, will be restricted. The authors suggest that the effective implementation of open learning in work organisations requires the kind of planning, co-ordination and structure which so reduces learner empowerment that "differentiated training" becomes a more appropriate term. The authors consider the practical implications of their findings.


Objective. The objective of the article is to analyze the impact of the marketing environment external factors on market behaviour of service consumers.

Methods. The following methods are used in the research: the method of analysis and syn- thesis (while studying the approaches of scientists to the study of external factors impact on the behaviour of service consumers), the method of expert assessment (while assessing the impact of external factors on the behavior of carwash service consumers).

Results. Consumer behavior in the market is determined by a set of macro and micro envi- ronmental factors, as well as internal needs, motives and values. Macro environmental factors that affect consumer behaviour directly or indirectly may be the following: changes in economic and political life of the country, social, demographic, cultural characteristics of consumers in a particular country. In the article, the next key factors of political and legal nature that affect the behaviour of carwash service consumer are identified: the existence and application of the Laws of Ukraine «On Consumer Protection» and «On Environmental Protection», Rules on labour protection on road transport, Water Code of Ukraine, compliance with national quality standards, as well as political instability in the country. It is determined that the following economic factors can positively affect the behaviour of car wash service consumers: increasing of the number of car washes and the development of the car service market, price stability on the car wash service market since early 2020, increasing of the average monthly wages and reduc- ing of the annual rate of inflation in the country. It is determined that the following factors may negatively affect the behaviour of car wash service consumers in Ukraine: political instability, inefficient structure of household expenditure, the COVID–19 pandemic and the imposition of quarantine, seasonality, etc.

The practical significance of the results obtained is in the possibility of making suggestions for developing further service provider's PR strategy.


Background: Insertion of supraglottic airway devices (SADs) can be technically easier to perform for novices than endotracheal intubation (ETI), particularly in a situation with difficult airway management. We evaluated the efficacy and usefulness of the ProSeal laryngeal mask airway (PLMA), I-gel, and ETI when used by novices in a simulated difficult airway scenario. Methods: A total of 109 novices participated in a brief educational session about PLMA, I-gel and ETI. The sequence of the airway devices was randomized for each participant using a compu-ter-generated random table, and the devices were inserted in a manikin with restricted cervical spine movement. A nasogastric (NG) tube was then inserted through each SAD. In the case of ETI, the NG tube was inserted through the manikin's nostril. Results: The success rate at the first insertion attempt was 93.6% for the I-gel compared with 72.5% for the PLMA and 19.3% for ETI. The I-gel also enabled a significantly shorter insertion time than the PLMA (I-gel 26.3 ± 21.9 sec and PLMA 36.0 ± 35.4 sec). The novices showed high success rates for NG tube insertion using SADs (PLMA 96.3% and I-gel 98.1%) compared with ETI (24.8%). Conclusions: We found that the I-gel provided a better first time success rate and a shorter insertion time than PLMA and ETI, which indicated that the I-gel may be preferable for difficult airway management by novices. (Anesth Pain Med 2016; 11: 307-312)


Chinese government has developed transport infrastructure rapidly under Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) strategy. The BRI strategy is China's economic development strategies for expanding trade and cultural influence towards countries in western and eastern regions, including ASEAN. The development of BRI strategy is consists of two main components i.e., (i) the Silk Road Economic Belt, follows the historical overland Silk Road through Central Asia, Iran, Turkey and eventually to Europe, and (ii) the Maritime Silk Road, originates in the South China Sea, passing through the Malacca Strait, the Indian Ocean, and the Red Sea and extending into the Mediterranean Sea (Chris & Elizabeth, 2015). Due to the BRI strategy, more than 6000 trains made the journey from China to Europe in 2018, which is an increase of 72% compared to 2017. China has sent more than 11,000 freight trains to Europe and back since the BRI strategy was announced in 2013. Railway networks have been constructed under the BRI strategy for connecting 48 Chinese cities with 42 cities in Europe through Asia. There are many railway infrastructures under the BRI strategy. The China – Laos railway (Vientiane–Boten railway) is one of project under the Silk Road Economic Belt that has been developed for serving as a key infrastructure for the economic corridor between the two countries. In nearly future, this railway will be helped to boost trade, investment and tourism for Lao PDR. and south China's Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region. The Vientiane–Boten railway, especially transportation time will attract both travelers and Logistics Service Providers (LSP), which can be reduced time of journey compared with road mode. In this paper, modal shift potential of travelers and freight on Kunming-Bangkok Highway (R3A), AH2, AH8, AH9, AH10, AH12, AH13, and AH18 have been investigated by considering behavioral aspects of long distance travel.

Keywords: Mode Split Model, Modal Shift, Vientiane–Boten railway, Travel Behaviour


Based on adaptive Kalman filtering, combined with the fuzzy control theory, this paper puts forward an adaptive Kalman filtering method. With residual data after filtering, it constructs a fuzzy contoller to adapt control adaptive factorα of Kalman filter, so that to adjust the contribution of dynamics model on Navigation Results. It is shown that by calculations and analysis this way is feasible and effective.


in the form of racial justice. One Harding College professor, for instance, could proclaim in the 1940s that "the racial prejudices which are abroad in our land today are un-Christian" (28), but could also actively resist integration by privileging social stability over racial justice and, arguably, theological consistency. Others gave themselves over fully to White supremacy. When some White church members began attending Black churches to hear Marshall Keeble—not only a popular Black preacher, but for a time perhaps the most popular preacher in the entire denomination—church leaders such as Texan Foy Wallace Jr. were indignant that White women, in particular, had not only attended, but had actually shaken the popular evangelist's hand afterward. By capturing the voices of Black leaders and church members, Key further exposes the contradictions of the Church of Christ's theological commitments to spiritual equality. Key, for instance, provides a fascinating comparison of O. B. Porterfield, a White Montgomery pastor who ardently defended White supremacy, and Fred Gray, a Black civil rights attorney and Church of Christ pastor who worked with civil rights activists in Montgomery. Gray's spiritual commitments sustained his civil rights activism, but, in Porterfield's hands, the denomination's restorationist theology only served to chastise activists, who, Porterfield argued, should have given up their freedom songs, marches, and criticisms of White politicians and not troubled themselves with worldly matters. They should have simply prayed, privately. "The Church of Christ deals with Godly things in Godly ways," he preached (115). By critically yet empathetically examining a religious world committed to both spiritual equality and worldly segregation, Barclay Key has written not only a valuable denominational history, but also a useful entry point into the long and tangled history of race and religion in the United States.


Reuse practices in the software development context, as well as other activities, contribute significantly for improving the quality of generated artifacts. Domain Engineering (DE) has been proposing methods and approaches that aim at supporting software reuse. In the design phase of DE methods artifacts may be created for the Reference Architecture (RA) creation. A RA constitutes structural models that represent the main concepts among the software architecture of a given domain. Although the majority of methods intend to support of RA creation, in fact this support is not enough. The goal of this research is to propose a systematic approach for reference architecture documentation, integrated to a DE process.


Recently, many of the research institutes have been involving in boosting the accuracy and efficiency of different classification techniques. To date, a lot of enhancement efforts are spent in order to boost such techniques. In addition, the growing volume of data produced daily raises more issues that need to be resolved, which presents risks to the standard Decision Tree (DT) algorithms. Likewise, the process of generation DT is complicated and is time-consuming to complete the computation on one machine when the size of the datasets becomes big, and as the data can not keep the whole training dataset or most of it in memory on one machine. Some computations are transferred to the additional storage, which will lead to increasing the cost of input or output. In this thesis, the researcher will implement a standard DT algorithm C5.0 using Hadoop MapReduce and will compare the error-rate, leaf nodes, and rules with C4.5. The procedure used in this thesis is to transform the standard algorithm into steps of Map and reduce. In addition to implementing data structures to reduce the cost of communication and to proceed with comprehensive experiments on a vast dataset. The results of the study revealed that the MapReduce C5.0 tree is a fixed memory issue to enhance the execution time of the algorithm, and it is suitable for enormous data. The algorithm is characterized by being expandable in the cluster environment and is also characterized by time efficiency.


Marine exploitation is an effective way to solve these current issues of resource scarcity,space constraints,environmental degradation and others.So,develop Marine economy has been rising for the national strategy of each coastal state.Since the 1990s,Marine economy of China enters a fast development period,followed by a series of problems such as resources and environment,which have become a "bottleneck" restricting the development of Marine economy.Based on present situation of our Marine economy development,this paper analyses the factors restricting the coordinated development Marine economy and environment,such as irrational industrial structure,Marine pollution,Marine disasters,etc.To realize coordinated development between Marine economy and environment,we should:exploit marine based on science and technology,optimize the industrial structure;improve ocean management system;improve the Marine laws and regulations,etc.


A spilt plot design field experiment was conducted at Ibshway, Fayoum governorate, Egypt 2017 to study the effect of two sources water (fish culture water and Nile water) and nitrogen levels fertilizer on biodiversity of Spider and other arthropods, also, its effect on yield and protein of cowpea. Community composition of collected spider was determined throughout the period of study using the Shannon-Wiener and Simpson Indices of diversity. A total of 394 individuals (228 fish cultural water and 166 Nile fresh water) represented by 10 families of 19 identified genera, of higher diversity index in fish culture water system. According to Simpson, it was found that Fish culture water system included the highest number of dominant species. Family Lycosidae recorded the highest number of spiders where 170 individuals with two egg sac and 123 individuals with two egg sac of fish culture water system and Nile freshwater system respectively. Sørensen Quotient of Similarity between Fish culture water system and Nile fresh water system are nearly approximate, as they recorded 64 % of similarity by 81.25%. Other Arthropods were represented by 23 species belonging to 16 identified families, 7 unidentified families, and 12 orders. A total of 2832 individuals in fish culture water system and 2169 individuals in Nile freshwater system were counted from 9 observations on cowpea from seedling to maturity by using pitfall trap. A total of 471 individuals in fish culture water system and 592 individuals in Nile freshwater system by using Leaves. Statistical analysis for spider, soil fauna and pests on leaves proved that no significant differences were observed between Fish culture water and Nile water but significant differences in yield and protein. Nitrogen levels were no significant differences in spider and soil fauna but significant differences in pests on leaves, yield and protein. Interaction between water sources and Nitrogen levels were no significant differences in spider but significant differences in soil fauna, pests on leaves, yield and protein.


The utility model relates to a deflecting rod corrugated pipe heat exchanger, comprising a casing, a supporting body of tube bundles, which is connected with distance rods, and the tube bundles of corrugated heat exchanging tubes which are positioned on front and back tube plates in the casing, wherein, the supporting body of tube bundles is thin plate type assemblies of baffling rods having embedded grooves; an integrative type square meshes or cancellate rhombic supporting body is formed by that each baffling rod is mutually embedded. The utility model has the advantages of easy production, convenient assembly and disassembly of corrugated pipes, obviously improved the flowing condition of fluid and enhanced heat transferring effects, improved antivibration abilities of the tube bundles, labour saving, materials saving, realized support without gap, and reduced productive cost. The utility model effectively solves the problems that the corrugated pipes are clamped during the assembling and disassembling periods.


Modern design requires more advanced considerations leading to light and safe structures. One of the way to reach this aim is through structural optimization. Today's computational possibilities give us very powerful tools allowing to optimize many types of structures subjected to different types of loading and constraints and with different objective functions. However real structures differ from their design. This is caused by technological tolerance in the process of manufacturing and erection. It is then the aim of the paper to consider the very important relation between an optimum structure and sensitivity of active constraints imposed on state variables.


The capping agent plays a critical function in anisotropic crystal growth to induce polyhedral morphology of a nanocrystal. Uniform and single-crystalline α-Fe2O3 polyhedral nanoparticles in the hexagonal single crystal system named truncated hexagonal bipyramid for the first time were successfully synthesized by a facile one-step hydrothermal method with the aid of carboxymethyl cellulose and hydrazine molecules. The appearance and crystal structure of these iron oxide nanoparticles were characterized in detail by physicochemical methods. The results show that the as-synthesized α-Fe2O3 particles are bound by 12 same-side crystalline facets {101} and two other same facets {001} at the tops. These obtained iron oxide particles belong to a pure hematite phase, and the particle size is around 400 nm. The optical property of the as-synthesized product was analyzed, and the determined indirect band gap value Eg is 2.08 eV. The magnetic property studies of truncated hexagonal bipyramid hematite particles have ...


According to Islamic teachings, dealing in interest related activities, investment in harmful and unproductive activities such as phonography, pork etc. is strongly prohibited. Nigerian Muslim employees who are under the contributory pension scheme came into dealing with interest and unproductive investments compulsorily through the investment of their pension contribution. This whole dilemma came into being with the introduction of a contributory pension scheme by the Nigerian Government in 2004. The scheme is based on investment of pension fund asset via some investment vehicles of which most are interest based. The study explores the case of a Shari'ah compliant pension fund administration in Nigeria. Survey design was used only for the study. The sample size of 150 respondents was selected and was issued a questionnaire out of which 120 questionnaires were returned. Data collected were analyzed with statistical software of STATA 12.0. Descriptive Statistics and regression analysis was used to establish relationships between the dependent and independent variables. The Study found out that Nigerian Muslims workers are only embracing the conventional pension scheme under the concept of necessity. It was further revealed that majority are likely to opt out if a Shari'ah Compliant Pension fund Administrator is available. However, it was found that establishment of a shari'ah compliant pension scheme is bound to face several challenges. The study recommends that Muslims workers under the scheme should start making a collective e ff ort towards establishing a Shari'ah compliant pension fund.


The ultimate goal of research into computational intelligence is the construction of a fully embodied and fully autonomous artificial agent. This ultimate artificial agent must not only be able to act, but it must be able to act morally. In order to realize this goal, a number of challenges must be met, and a number of questions must be answered, the upshot being that, in doing so, the form of agency to which we must aim in developing artificial agents comes into focus. This chapter explores these issues, and from its results details a novel approach to meeting the given conditions in a simple architecture of information processing. * E-mail: email@example.com


Technical coefficients change is an important issue in empirical work of input- output modeling, due to the lack of recent I-O tables in most countries. In the literature we find different approaches for updating input-output coefficients, most of them adjust technical coefficients 'along the row' starting from 'hypothetical output' given by a base year matrix and actual output (e.g. Conway, 1990). On the other hand we find - mainly in CGE models - variable input coefficients 'along the column' stemming from factor input equations derived from production or cost functions. In this paper we attempt to combine these two approaches into a bi-proportional method. For the adjustment 'along the column' we use econometric factor input functions for total intermediates and for energy separately to arrive at a sum of non-energy intermediate inputs. For the adjustment 'along the row' we start from the adjustment functions described in the literature and put special emphasis on econometric specification and 'cointegration accounting' in order to overcome the usual more or less ad-hoc treatment in empirical applications.


This paper mainly discusses computer network professionals in the development of higher vocational education,the teaching from the College of the characteristics of the object to the analysis of education in an attempt to establish a suitable characteristics of the Higher Vocational Education Teaching computer network system.


Adsorption of ephedrine was carried out in an attempt to develop a new separation route for ephedrine from Ephedra. Nine macroporous adsorption resins were evaluated for ephedrine adsorption. The result showed that three resins: Nankai D151(with a similar character with Amberlite IRC-72), Amberlite XAD-4, XAD-7 gave good separation performance. The static adsorption capacities were 240.4mg/ml for D151, 122.1mg/ml for XAD-4,87.2mg/ml for XAD-7 and were the highest at pH 11. Ephedrine could be desorbed from D151 and XAD-7 resin by acidifying the liquid with 0.08mol/L HCl, while 0.02mol/L HCl∶methanol (1∶1) was required to desorb the alkaloid for the XAD-4 resin. When the extraction liquid from Ephedra was absorbed by the three resins, the yields of ephedrine were all above 90% and the purification factors were 1519.


This study dealt with the characteristics and the interrelations of hydrogeological parameters such as hydraulic conductivity, dispersivity and effective porosity of unconsolidated sediments for providing the basic data necessary for the planning of the management and preservation of groundwater quality in the Nakdong River Delta of Busan City, Korea. Groundwater quality in this area has been deteriorated due to seawater intrusion, agricultural fertilizer and pesticide, industrial wastewater, and contaminated river water. The physical properties (grain size distribution, sediment type, sorting) and aquifer parameters (hydraulic conductivity, effective porosity, longitudinal dispersivity) were determined from grain size analysis, laboratory permeability test and column tracer test. Among 36 samples, there were 18 Sand (S), 7 Gravelly Sand (gS), 5 Silty Sand (zS), 5 Muddy Sand (mS), and 1 Sandy Silt (sZ). Hydraulic conductivity was determined through a falling head test, and ranged from 9.2 × 10 − 5 to 2.9 × 10 − 2 cm/sec (0.08 to 25.6 m/day). From breakthrough curves, dispersivity was calculated to be 0.35~3.92 cm. Also, effective porosity and average linear velocity were obtained through the column tracer test, and their values were 0.04~0.46 and 1.06E-04~6.49E-02 cm/sec, respectively. Statistical methods were used to understand the interrelations among aquifer parameters of hydraulic conductivity, effective porosity and dispersivity. The relation between dispersivity and hydraulic conductivity or effective porosity considered the sample length, because dispersivity was affected by experimental scale. The relations between dispersivity and hydraulic conductivity or effective porosity were all in inverse proportion for all long and short samples. The reason was because dispersivity was in inverse proportion to the groundwater velocity in case of steady hydrodynamic dispersion coefficient, and groundwater velocity was in proportion to the hydraulic conductivity or effective porosity. This study also elucidated that longitudinal dispersivity was dependent on the scale of column tracer test, and all hydrogeological parameters were low to high values due to the sand quantity of sediments. It is expected that the hydrogeological parameter data of sediments will be very useful for the planning of groundwater management and preservation in the Nakdong River Delta of Busan City, Korea.


Background: Distal radius fracture (DRF) is an early and independent predictor of future osteoporotic (OP) fractures. Currently, there are no studies evaluating the role of modifiable risk factors on OP fracture risk in postmenopausal women (PMW) with DRF. Purpose/Objectives: To determine the extent to which modifiable risk factors such as balance, muscle strength, and physical activity can explain variability in bone mineral density (BMD) among women with DRF. Materials and Methods: The study was designed as a cross-sectional investigation of baseline data. Women aged 50 to 80 years with DRF were assessed for balance, muscle strength (grip strength, plantar flexion), and physical activity using reliable and validated measures. Dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry was used to assess areal BMD at the femoral neck (BMD-FN) and total hip (BMD-TH). Analysis: Stepwise multiple regression analysis was used to determine the extent to which modifiable risk factors (predictors) could explain variability in the BMD (outcome). Results: Women (n = 67; mean age: 62.12 ± 7.45 years) were analyzed. Hand grip strength as an independent predictor explained 15% (F = 11.26, P = .001) and 6% (F = 4.18, P = .04) of total variability in BMD-FN and BMD-TH, respectively. Balance (R2 = .10, F = 4.35, P = .04) and hand grip strength (R2 = .32, F = 10.78, P = .003) explained significant variability in BMD-FN among 50- to 64-year-old (n = 41) and among 65- to 80-year-old (n = 25) PMW with DRF, respectively. Conclusions: Hand grip strength is the independent predictor of femoral neck and total hip BMD in PMW with DRF. Because hand grip strength and balance are modifiable factors that are related to bone health, they may represent useful prevention targets for hand therapists. We recommend evaluation of hand grip strength and balance as a component of OP risk factor assessment among women with DRF.


We demonstrate the combination of supramolecular chemistry (multiple hydrogen bonding) with polymer colloidal sciences in the creation of interesting materials. This provides us an access to the unique structures and properties that [sic] not possible to [sic] traditional materials. We first developed cellular polymer films made from 2-ureido-4[H]-pyrimidinone (UPy) quadruple hydrogen bonded soft latexes. The films show colloidal crystalline-type Bragg diffraction features when exposed to solvents, and do not suffer excessive and deteriorative uptake of water and, more remarkably can absorb high amounts of organic solvents. Impressively, Pickering high internal phase emulsion gels can be prepared by using these UPy functionalized particles as stabilizers under extremely low shear stress and short time. Moreover, we first used the UPy functionalzed macromonomer as non-colvalently [sic] crosslinker to prepare thermo-sensitive nanogel particles which are conventionally made using covalent-bond crosslinkers. Templated high internal phase emulsion hydrogel monoliths stabilzed by these nanogels can be prepared through injection moulding, which also exhibit excellent thermo-responsive properties. Alternatively, we also first created interesting Janus micro-beads with highly anisotropic and tunable internal architecture based on complementary hydrogen bonding interactions, rather than UPy self-complementary interactions, by single emulsion-droplet microfluidic technique.


The following seven books are reviewed: Magnetic Materials and 3D Finite Element Modeling (Bastos, J. and and Sadowski, N.; 2014); Intuitive Analog Circuit Design, 2nd Edition (Thompson, M.; 2014); Build Your Own Electric Vehicle, 3rd Edition (Leitman, S. and Brant, B.; 2014); Practical Microwave Circuits (Maas, S.A.; 2014); Measurement Instrumentation and Sensors Handbook, 2nd Edition (Webster, J.G. and Eren, H.; 2014); Electrical Insulation for Rotating Machines, 2nd Edition (Stone,G.C., et al.; 2014); and On-Load Tap-Changers for Power Transformers (Kramer, A.; 2014).


The Wigner rotation angle for a particle in a circular motion in the Schwarzschild spacetime is obtained via the Fermi-Walker transport of spinors. Then, by applying the WKB approximation, a possible application of the Fermi-Walker transport of spinors in relativistic EPR correlations is discussed, where it is shown that the spins of the correlated particle undergo a precession in an analogous way to that obtained by Terashima and Ueda [H. Terashima and M. Ueda, Phys. Rev. A {\bf69}, 032113 (2004)] via the application of successive infinitesimal Lorentz transformations. Moreover, from the WKB approach, it is also shown that the degree of violation of the Bell inequality depends on the Wigner rotation angle obtained via the Fermi-Walker transport. Finally, the relativistic effects from the geometry of the spacetime and the accelerated motion of the correlated particles is discussed in the nonrelativistic limit.


The structure and graphical interface of a interactive routing system to solving the complex problem of transport logistics based on Model-View-Controller (MVC) architecture are developed


Umbilicus is a rare focus of cutaneous metastasis. It is called as Sister Mary Joseph's nodule (SMJN), and is associated with critical prognosis. The most frequent primary malignancies are stomach, colon and pancreas in males, ovaries and endometrium in females. Neoplasm of gallbladder with SMJN is a rare presentation. We present a case report of an elderly male, who presented with umbilical metastasis (SMJN) on non-guided fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC). On subsequent work-up through previous slides and further radiological studies, this case was later diagnosed as primary gallbladder adenocarcinoma, which is now presenting with multiple liver metastasis and SMJN. This case report suggests the poor prognosis of gallbladder carcinoma and the unusual presentation of SMJN in gallbladder cancer.


A toric braid is a braid whose closure is a torus link in $\mathbb{R}^3$. Manturov generalized toric braids that is called quasitoric braids and showed that the subset of quasitoric braids in the classical braid group is a subgroup of the braid group. We call this subgroup the quasitoric braid group. In this paper, we give two minimal generating sets for the quasitoric braid group and determine its abelianization. The minimalities of these two generating sets are obtained from a lower bound by the number of generators for the abelianization.


PURPOSE: To obtain the subject composition containing pravastatin for slowing the progression of coronary disease and high cholesterol blood disease for patients recognized to have such diseases. CONSTITUTION: This composition for slowing the progression of coronary atherosclerosis contains pravastain, preferably pravastatin sodium. Further, in its treatment, e.g. it is preferable to administer systemically through an oral or a non-oral route by approximately 10-80 mg/day dose for a sufficient period of time to slow at least approximately 40% progression rate of the coronary atherosclerosis. COPYRIGHT: (C)1995,JPO


Introduction: Acute foot compartment syndrome (FCS) is a rare but potentially devastating complication that can occur following severe trauma of the limbs. In very are cases, such syndrome occurs following minor trauma. We present an exceptional case of acute FCS as a complication of an ankle sprain. Clinical findings: A 32-year-old male patient presented with excruciating foot pain and swelling 48 hours following an ankle sprain. Physical examination revealed severe swelling of the right foot, pale and swollen toes, and tense and pale dorsal skin and severe pain upon passive extension of the toes. Diagnosis: An acute FCS was considered. Intervention and outcomes: The patient underwent a fasciotomy using a double-dorsal incision technique. The patient's symptoms were controlled, and he was discharged from the hospital 2 days after the surgery. Conclusion: Acute FCS could occur following minor trauma such as an ankle sprain. Early recognition and timely surgical intervention are crucial to prevent severe complications. The diagnosis is primarily clinical and immediate fasciotomy is needed to reduce intracompartment pressure and prevent muscular necrosis and other complications.


The p-Willmore functional introduced by Gruber et al. unifies and extends important geometric functionals which measure the area, total mean curvature, and Willmore energy of immersed surfaces. Techniques of Dziuk and Elliott are adapted to compute the first variation of the p-Willmore functional, which is then used to develop a finite-element model for the p-Willmore flow of closed surfaces in $\mathbb{R}^3$ that is amenable to constraints on surface area and enclosed volume. Further, a minimization-based regularization procedure is formulated to prevent mesh degeneration along the flow. Inspired by a conformality condition due to Kamberov et al., this procedure is generally-applicable to all 2-D meshes and ensures that a given surface mesh remains nearly conformal as it evolves, at the expense of first-order accuracy in the flow. Finally, discretization of the p-Willmore flow is discussed, where some basic results on consistency and numerical stability are demonstrated and a fully-automated algorithm is presented for implementing the closed surface p-Willmore flow with mesh regularization.


High Rayleigh number (Ra) natural convective flows in cubical enclosures were investigated using Direct Numerical Simulation (DNS). Here the bottom of the cavity was heated while the top was cooled, each maintained at a different constant temperature, with the sidewalls insulated. The Prandtl number was maintained at 2.5 and the Ra varied between 106 and 108 . In order to observe the transition to turbulence with increasing Ra, power spectrum slopes were compared with Kolmogorov's −5/3 rule for turbulent flows. At the higher Ra studied, the flows showed characteristics typically attributed to "chaotic" flows. However, the transition to full turbulence was not observed, which is expected around Ra ∼ 109 and may not be predicted using DNS with the state-of-the-art computing technology.Copyright © 2005 by ASME


The aims of this research are to analyze neurosis on the main character of the novel, to find out how the main character copes with the neurosis and how its  application on the novel in English Language Teaching. This research is descriptive qualitative research. The researcher applies library research as method in collecting data and uses psychological approach to analyze the neurosis on the main character. The researcher collects the data by reading the novel and identifying neurosis found on the main character. After collecting the data, the researcher analyzes the data by explaining and describing the neurosis, the coping strategies of neurosis which is applied by the main character and how to apply novel as medium in English Language Teaching. The result of the analysis shows that childhood experience is the cause of neurosis, triggered by anxiety. The neurotic strategies which are applied to cope with neurosis have affected personality development. Applying novel as medium in English Language Teaching gives some advantages for the students, since novel provides features of written language which can improve students' skills. The application is for university students in higher education because they are considered having abilities to deal with features of written language and the length of the novel. Key words: application in ELT, main character, neurosis, novel Veronika Decides to Die


Information systems (IS) development research needs a broader conceptual lens for evaluating IS design qualities. Most conventional IS evaluation approaches are focused on narrow objectives, such as the process and content rather than the development process as a whole. This paper describes a qualitative evaluation of a new approach that extends evaluation strategies to incorporate development phases, specifically within decision support systems (DSS) development. The conceptual approach is based on a mental model from the design science research paradigm and evaluates DSS development at various design checkpoints. This paper also describes qualitative findings on the applicability of the conceptual approach in a socio-technical design context.


ErmSF is one of the proteins which are produced by Streptomyces fradiae to avoid suicide by its autogenous macrolide antibiotic, tylosin and one of ERM proteins which are responsible for transferring the methyl group to (Escherichia coli coordinate) in 23S rRNA, which reduces the affinity of MLS (macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin B) antibiotics to 23S rRNA, thereby confers the antibiotic resistance on microorganisms ranging from antibiotic producers to pathogens. ErmSF contains an extra N-terminal end region (NTER), which is unique to ErmSF and 25% of amino acids of which is arginine known well to interact with RNA. Noticeably, arginine is concentrated in and functional role of each arginine in this motif was investigated through deletion and site-directed mutagenesis and the activity of mutant proteins in cell R60 and R61 was found to play an important role in enzyme activity through the study with deletion mutant up to R60 and R61. With the site-directed mutagenesis using deletion mutant of 1 to 59 (R60A, R61A, and RR60, 61AA), R60 was found more important than R61 but R61 was necessary for the proper activity of R60 and vice versa. And these amino acids were presumed to assume a secondary structure of -helix.


Being a different concept of learning and learning method from traditional teaching,"Inquiry Learning" has its unique value.To promote inquiry learning in higher vocational education is a revolution in learning,which requires a brand-new vision.


This paper describes a new commercial application of the down draft type biomass gasifier for power generation with internal combustion (IC) engine generators. The advantages of the Ankur down draft gasifier, designed by Ankur Scientific Energy Technologies (ASCENT) over earlier down draft, updraft and fluidized bed gasifiers are discussed. A major achievement of the Ankur gasifier is the very low level of tars and oils in the product gas, an important feature if the gas is to be used for power generation via an internal combustion engine. The new gasifier has higher conversion efficiency, larger throughput, and better economics compared to earlier gasifier designs. A comparison of technology risks, fuel flexibility and costs is also made between the Ankur downdraft gasifier and other biomass gasification technologies. Bechtel conducted gas quality tests, under contract to EnergyWorks, LLC, to confirm that the product gas from the gasifier is largely free of tars and other impurities, and the test results are presented in this paper. The ASCENT biomass gasification system is commercially proven in India for both thermal applications and electric power generating plants up to the 500 kW size.


The characteristics of courses timetable are analyzed.The theory of maximal independent sets of graph is applied to abstract the resources of education and setup a model to achieve the function of auto-tabling.An example is given to explain the model.It indicates that the model is efficiency and reliability in tabling of courses.


In one relatively small storm on July 2, 2000, 276 sprites were observed between 04:00–07:00 UT. These sprites were largely confined to 70–85 km altitude, were relatively faint and diffuse, and were typically associated with very high peak currents and short time duration. A second storm, on July 4, 2000, had a much larger spatial extent and 27 sprites were observed between 04:00–07:00 UT in a wide range of shapes and time scales spanning 40–90 km altitude. These sprites were produced by 20–120 kA CG's, had complex optical signatures, and were frequently associated with observed ELF radiation. We hypothesize that relatively small storms mainly produce sprites in the form of diffuse glow whereas larger storms with higher cloud tops can initiate streamer discharges leading to more spectacular sprites.


Every contributor to arq is sent a number of free copies of the issue by the publisher. Recently, some complimentary copies were despatched to Gunnar Asplund (the author of the 'document' paper in arq 5/2) at the Weslch (sic) School of Architecture in Cardiff. They were, of course, meant for Simon Unwin and Christina Johnsson, the introducer and translator of Asplund's inaugural lecture. It may happen again …


Anthropogenic greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions are the highest they have ever been and the climate change they have triggered is having consequences on both human and natural systems. The aim of the paper is to demonstrate that an integrated reading of urban and rural land uses in relation to GHG emissions is feasible and useful at the regional level in order to reach emissions reduction. The Po Valley in Italy is an emblematic case study because its features are unique in Europe for high population density, urban sprawl, intensive agriculture, livestock management and consequently high emission levels. The methodology examines the total GHG emissions in relation to urban and rural areas. Between 2000 and 2010, the trend of CO2-equivalent emissions for the macro-regions of Italy shows a national decrease in contrast to the area of our case study which has seen a steady increase and growth trend over time. The paper analyzes some possible reasons linked to this anomaly, and it presents an estimation of the CO2-equivalent emissions related to the use of agricultural land. The main output of the paper is a new overview for research that aims to propose integrated solutions and policies at the local level with a wider vision focused on GHG emission knowledge, supported by Strategic Environmental Assessment.


The connotation of the feminist view of a teacher is analyzed including teachers' role positioning,the relationship between a teacher and the curriculum,teacher-student relationship and teachers' professionalism.It is pointed out that gender equality is a fundamental point of view of feminism and the implementation of gender equality in education is an inevitable trend in the world.It is also expounded that the feminist view of teachers reflects the equality of genders and it plays a significant role in carrying out the gender equality education effectively.


The Working Group on GMO of European Academies Scientific Advisory Council (EASAC) presented to European Commission (June 27, 2013) a report dedicated to agrobiotechnology. The main thesis of this report are discussed.


We suggest a novel approach towards resolving the fermion mass hierarchy problem within the framework of the standard model. It is shown that the observed masses and mixings can be explained with order one couplings using successive higher dimensional operators involving the SM Higgs doublet field. This scenario predicts a flavor-dependent enhancement in the Higgs boson coupling to the fermions. It also predicts a flavor changing t(bar sign)ch{sup 0} interaction with a strength comparable to that of b(bar sign)bh{sup 0}, opening up new discovery channels for the Higgs boson at the upgraded Fermilab Tevatron and the CERN LHC. Additional tests of the framework include observable D{sup 0}-D(bar sign){sup 0} mixing and a host of new phenomena associated with flavor physics at the TeV scale. (c) 2000 The American Physical Society.


In this paper, we have expanded on an idea from a previous PST paper: P3_11 Spartan Rocket Jump (2012). We consider the horizontal distance travelled by Master Chief if he performs a rocket jump. By using the equations of motion, we determined the maximum horizontal distance Master Chief could travel as 106 m, relating to an optimal vertical angle that a RPG round can be fired from as being about 30.0 ° .


This research has the purpose of examining to which extent is integration of Syrian and Eritrean refugees in the Dutch municipality of Nijmegen successful. The Netherlands has received a large influx of forced migrants since 2014 and the numbers are growing. The assimilationist approach to integration lacks space for the refugees' individual deterrents to integrate like motivation, perceived discrimination and feelings of belonging. The cultural cleavages between the Dutch society and the refugees may lead to identity or cultural conflicts. Using integration as a tool for conflict prevention, this thesis' goal is to assess refugees' perspective on integration through interviews and compare it with the normative governmental approach to evaluate the efficiency of the national approach to integration. Evidence gathered through this research shows that the 'othering' process, cultural cleavages and lack off language skills are some of the most noticeable impediments for a successful integration of Syrian and Eritrean refugees in the Nijmegen. It is hoped that this study helps finding better practices to overcome the limitations for a successful integration of refugees in Nijmegen.


This paper has discussed the application on the electronic jaquard circle knitting machine of CPLD technology, used the professional software proved CPLD technology dependability and feasibility on the electronic jaquard circle knitting machine, and offered the theoretical foundation for the control of the electronic jaquard circle knitting machine.


ETOPOSIDE PHOSPHATE is prepared by coupling dibenzyl 4'TIL ETOPOSIDE PHOSPHATE ZIS PROTECTED TETRA-BENZYL recrystallized or crystallized METHANOL FROM TO PRODUCE adding acetonitrile FORM C METHANOL-1 DIRECTLY '' almente PURE. BENZYL GROUPS ARE SIMULTANEOUSLY REMOVED PROTECTIVE Hydrogenation FOR PRODUCING PHOSPHATE etoposide with high yields. In a physical realization ADDITIONAL PHOSPHATE etoposide treated with an enzyme PHOSPHATASE TO PRODUCE etoposide.


Lying at the large-scale tectonic boundary between the Yukon Tanana and northern extremity of the Stikinia and Quesnelia terranes, mafic eruptions have occurred over the past 4 million years in the Fort Selkirk area. Eruptions have included effusive (lava), explosive activity, and subglacial and subaqueous eruptions that produced hyaloclastite complexes. Eruptions have dammed or disrupted Yukon River at least five times. These volcanic rocks and interstratified sediments are collectively referred to as the Fort Selkirk Volcanic Group. Eruptions occurred from seven centers with activity progressively moving north. An explanation for the northern migration of volcanism is elusive at present.


The purpose of Text Mining is to describe and explore textual data, to uncover structural traits, and proceed to predictions. The field of application concerns Information Retrieval, processing responses to open-ended questions in sample surveys as well as processing textual corpora of a more general nature. At the intersection of Corpora Linguistics and Exploratory Statistical Analysis, a series of language independent tools and methods can perform most of the previously mentioned tasks, including the assessment and validation of the obtained results, be it visualization or categorization. Multiple confusion matrices calculated on test-samples characterize the quality of the prediction as well as the structure of errors of prediction. In the case of multinational surveys and corpora, they allow us to proceed to comparisons among several countries, in spite of the very heterogeneous character of the basic information (texts in different languages).


Abstract : This investigation deals with mapping the velocities at successive cross-sectional planes in the test section of an open-jet wind tunnel. The instrumentation was chosen so that the total uncertainty on the calculated velocity would be less than 1% with a 95% confidence level. The jet was studied using photography and a grid-and-tuft scheme, and it was determined that the same flow characteristics appear at both high and low flow rates. The best probable location for model testing was determined to be 1-1/4 ft. to 2-1/2 ft. away from the exit plane of the tunnel as indicated by the combined pressure measurements and the photographic studies. It was also noted that turbulent mixing occurred between the jet and the still air in the room. The turbulence had a tendency to move in toward the center of the jet at successive planes from the exit plane of the tunnel. The most drastic change in turbulent mixing occurred at a cross-section 3 ft. away from the exist plane. Recommendations for alterations to the facility are made for testing at or near the 3 ft. location.


In the current practice of power system monitoring and control, different devices are separately designed to perform different functions. Power systems measurement devices collect data and communicate it to a data concentrator for processing. Intelligent electronic devices (IED) are designed independently to perform different protection functions. Different providers of the IED use different communication protocols. The bulkiness, cost, and communication requirements of implementing the monitoring, control and protection functions independently can be avoided by designing a new generation of smart power devices that implement these functions inside a standalone single device. This paper discusses the design, development, and testing of a low cost integrated intelligent Phasor measurement unit (IIPMU) that integrates the functions of data acquisition, state estimation, and protection and control in the same stand alone device.


This work investigates the fundamentals of gas diffusion in functionalized mesoporous structures with pore diameters of around 20 nm. For this purpose, an extrusion process based on a yttria stabilized zirconia nanopowder is optimized to shape defect-free capillary membranes. The membranes sintered at 1050 ◦C for 2 h show a highly homogeneous microstructure with an open porosity of around 40% and a monomodal pore size distribution with mean pore diameters between 23 and 26 nm. To investigate the influence of surface functionalizations on the gas flow, functional groups are covalently bond onto the pore walls using a wet-chemical silanization process. Hexadecyltrimethoxysilane, a silane with a C16 alkylchain as functional group, is chosen as functional model silane. After successful surface functionalization, the membranes show a functional group density between 2 and 4 groups nm−2 depending on the silane concentration during functionalization. Structural analysis reveal decreased open porosities (27%) and slightly smaller mean pore diameters of around 20 nm which indicate a monolayer of immobilized C16-chains. The gas diffusion properties are analyzed via single gas permeation measurements using a setup operating in dead-end mode. Measurements are performed under different temperature conditions (0-80 ◦C) using nitrogen (N2), argon (Ar), methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide (CO2). Non-functionalized structures show ideal Knudsen diffusion behavior, independent of gas type and temperature. In contrast, the gas permeation of alkyl-functionalized structures is decreasing up to one order of magnitude with increasing alkyl-chain density on the pore walls. Furthermore, the ideal selectivities show an increased deviation from Knudsen theory, having the highest influence on CO2. These deviations are further increased with increasing operating temperature. It is assumed that sterical hinderance due to the long C16-chains on the material surface is responsible for the determined gas flow characteristics. In addition, it is hypothesized that the deviations in ideal selectivity are caused by the difference in molecular size of the gas species and that the increased deviation with increased temperature is caused by the temperature movement of the surface functional groups. The results contribute to the fundamental understanding of gas diffusion in functionalized structures as present in many applications, ranging from gas separation membranes to gas chromatography.


The first successful operation of endomyocardial fibrosis in a young woman in Hungary is reported. Left ventricular endocardial thickening had been diagnosed preoperatively using two-dimensional echocardiography.


The effect of compounds related to the tricarboxylic acid cycle on the growth and rate of multiplication of the virulent strain H37Rv of Mycobacterium tuberculosis var. hominis has been reported previously (Youmans and Youmans, 1953). It was found that in certain concentrations lactic, pyruvic, acetic, oxalosuccinic, aketoglutaric, and oxalacetic acids supported the growth of small inocula of these organisms, but that no growth occurred in the presence of cisaconitic, citric, isocitric, succinic, fumaric, malic, glutamic, aspartic acids, and alanine. It was suggested that the bacterial cells may have been impermeable to the substrates which had not supported growth, rather than that the cells lacked the specific enzymes. Additional data on the oxidation of the intermediates of the tricarboxylic acid cycle by virulent tubercle bacilli have been obtained by showing the effect of these compounds on the respiration of whole cells, and upon enzyme preparations obtained by altering whole cells by acetone drying. Data from metabolic experiments using radioactive acetate also have been included.


Aluminum alloy sheet exhibits high tensile and Kahn tear strengths. Rapid solidification of aluminum alloys in powder form and subsequent consolidation and fabrication processes used to tailor parts made of these alloys to satisfy such specific aerospace design requirements as high strength and toughness.


As the twenty first century brought the rapid change of our society and culture, the students' needs are changing. Consequently,...


Introduction: Health literacy is the capacity of individuals to obtain, process and understand information about basic health services needed to make appropriate health decisions. Inadequate health literacy is associated with a variety of adverse health consequences and inappropriate use of health care. The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between patients' health literacy level and the cost of treatment among the elderly.
Methods: The present study was a descriptive-analytical study. The research sample was 1008 main pensioners of the Social Security Organization in Ahvaz. The research instruments were two questionnaires entitled Test Of Functional Health Literacy  in Adults (TOFHLA) and Health Services Utilization Questionnaire. The obtained data were analyzed by SPSS software. Descriptive statistics (frequency, mean and standard deviation) and analytical statistics (Pearson and Spearman correlation) with a significance level of 0.5 were used.
Results: The findings of this study showed that more than 80% of the participants have inadequate health literacy. The results also show the inverse and negative relationship between people's health literacy and the number of referrals to health centers and also its inverse relationship with treatment costs.
Conclusion: Improving the level of health literacy reduces the cost of treatment in the health system and also increases the level of welfare and health in individuals, and this is especially important in the elderly whose health needs are higher than ordinary people. To educate and promote health literacy, one must turn to social contact points with the elderly, including libraries and librarians.


OBJECTIVE
A prospective memory (PM) task in virtual reality (VR) was developed to investigate whether older adults perform better when tested in true-to-life environments, as they do in naturalistic environments according to the age-related paradox. The purpose of this study was to compare younger and older adults on PM tasks in analog and VR environments.

METHOD
Older adults (N = 87; ages 60-90) and younger adults (N = 54; ages 18-26) were administered PM tasks using analog and virtual reality environments, as part of the Virtual Kitchen Protocol.

RESULTS
A two-way, mixed-subjects analysis of variance indicated that both age groups performed better on the analog PM task than on the VR task (F[1, 139] = 48.32, p < 0.001, partial η2 = 0.26), and that younger adults performed better than older adults on both PM tasks (F[1, 139] = 76.90, p < 0.001, partial η2 = 0.36).

CONCLUSION
While PM performance was higher on the analog task for both age groups, performance on the VR task decreased similarly for younger and older adults. The life-like distractors in VR appeared to impact both age cohorts equivalently, suggesting that VR assessment is equally valid with older adults as it is with younger adults. Although the VR setting was selected to imitate real life, the environment details did not appear specific enough to replicate the boost found in older adults' PM in naturalistic environments. Future research on PM should model VR tasks after individuals' home environments to tap into the over-learned habits utilized in individuals' everyday lives.


Mycoplasmas contamination in cell lines is one of the major problems in cell culture technology. The accuracy, precision, specificity, sensitivity and robustness detection of mycoplasmas contamination are an important part of mycoplasmas contamination control in cell cultures that should be an established method in every cell culture laboratory. The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) methodology was validated for the detection of mycoplasmas contamination in 4 continuous cell lines and 2 suspension cell lines. In addition, standard mycoplasmas and the other bacteria were used to confirm the results. In this study, it was found that the PCR method offered a good accuracy, precision, specificity as well as sensitive and robustness to monitor mycoplasmas contamination in cell cutures used in the laboratory. The technique used to determine 25 species of mycoplasmas mainly encounters as contaminant in cell cultures. The described assay can be performed within a day. It is concluded that validation of PCR method is well analyzed in many parameters: simplicity and speed, high specificity, extreme sensitive, good precision and accuracy. Key words : Mycoplasmas, Cell culture, PCR


An interference alignment (IA) scheme is presented that allows multiple secondary users to share the same frequency band of multiple pre-existing primary links without generating any interference. Firstly, primary users employ the iterative algorithm based on maximum SINR to achieve interference alignment. Secondly, we give the feasibility conditions of IA for secondary users, and also get the choosing scheme of secondary users which can enter the cognitive radio network and communicate with other secondary users based on channel quality. Numerical results show that the choosing scheme and the interference alignment algorithm improve the system capacity significantly in the cognitive radio network with 3 primary users and 4 secondary users.


The experiments on structure of turbulent boundary layer on the plane rough wall without pressure gradient are presented. Sand roughness of the wall is considered. Measurements are carried out using Time‐Resolved PIV technique in planes parallel and perpendicular to the wall. The results on rough wall are compared with the base case of boundary layer on smooth wall. Hairpin vortices have been detected. Topology and typical size of those structures substantially differ in the cases in question. (© 2011 Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)


This paper presents the design and analysis of a planar ultra-wideband (UWB) multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) antenna for modern vehicular communication systems. The proposed unit cell antenna structure was designed using modified elliptical radiators on a Rogers RO3003 substrate, has a size of 22 × 22 × 0.76 mm3, and covers an impedance bandwidth (S11 ≤ −10 dB) of 3.14 GHz to 12.24 GHz. The peak gain and efficiency of the unit cell prototype are 5.1 dBi and 81%, respectively. The unit cell was further developed into a MIMO antenna configuration with four elements placed orthogonal to each other in a single plane measuring 50 × 50 × 0.76 mm3. The measured isolation between the antenna elements was greater than 20 dB. The measured envelope correlation coefficient (ECC) of the MIMO antenna was less than 0.004, the diversity gain (DG) was greater than 9.67 dB, the total active reflection coefficient (TARC) was <−10 dB, and the mean effective gain (MEG) ratio was > 0.99. The characteristics of the proposed unit cell and the MIMO antenna were investigated for housing effects in order to validate the consistent performance of the antenna in the presence of conducting bodies. In addition, the radiation characteristics of the antenna when mounted on a vehicle were analyzed using a virtual model of the car. The results show that the proposed quad-element UWB MIMO array is compact, has good performance, and is well-suited for automotive applications.


The lyrics to The Beatles best loved songs. Complete with a discography detailing singles, EPs and albums, recording dates and lead singer credits.


In terms of stratum, constitution and magmatism, through studies on gold mines metallogenetic fountain stratum, the relationships between controlling mine constitution and gold mineralization, pointing out the direction of looking for gold mineral deposits.


Children with developmental dyslexia show significant differences in their perception from control subjects and often are not able to mask text surrounding the words they currently read [Geiger and Lettvin 2000]. The ability to mask surrounding text (called lateral masking) is fundamental for proficient reading. Geiger and Lettvin presented a practical method that allows children with dylexia to learn a new visual strategy for reading. Their results showed major improvements in the reading proficiency.


Underground parking lot is a component of intelligent buildings, it has correlations with whole building as well as being a relatively dependent space. The safe reliability and stability of the parking lot monitor system is the core of the intelligent system. In this paper, through research and analysis, we use the network topology by combining the Client/Server and Browser/Server structure system. Using high-speed ball machine and gun type camera, network video server and central software or digital matrix, in order to ensure the complete function and reliable operation of the system. This system has strong resistance to interference and practicability and it can reduce construction cost and operation cost of the system.


In this paper we will present several matching algorithms used for an example-based machine translation system between English and Spanish. The translation database was extracted from the Web and transformed accordingly for the purposes of the system. We will describe how a string-based matching algorithm can be improved through the use of morphological and semantic information.


The combination of multi-disciplinary sea ice science and the rising demand of society for up-to-date information and user customized pro ducts on climate change emphasis the need for addressing the challenges posed by environmental change in the Polar Regions by means of creating new ways of


The human gait shows significant differences in the ankle movements during turning and sidestep cutting compared to straight walking, especially in frontal plane. This suggests that the next advancement in lower extremity assistive devices is to extend their design and control to the frontal plane. In this paper, the concept of a multi-axis powered ankle-foot prosthesis is introduced and its feasibility is shown by a proof of concept prototype of a cable-driven, multi-axis ankle-foot prosthesis. The design kinematics and its ankle joint's mechanical impedance in non-load bearing conditions are evaluated and discussed. It is shown that the developed prototype is capable of closely mimicking the ankle movements in both sagittal and frontal planes during turning and walking on straight path with passive mechanical impedance in sagittal and frontal planes comparable to the ones of the human ankle.


We use the recursion relations of the continuous q-Hermite polynomials and obtain the q-difference realizations of the ladder operators of a q-oscillator algebra in terms of the Askey–Wilson operat...


Franck-Condon factor arrays have been computed numerically to high vibrational quantum numbers for the red (A2IIi–X2Σ+) and violet (B2Σ+ – X2Σ+) band systems of CN.


In this work, the researchers mainly focus on the trembling motion which is known as Zitterbewegung in a bilayer grapheme. This is effectively achieved by means of the long-wave approximation. That is, the Heisenberg representation is ultimately employed in order to derive the analytical expression concerning the expectation value related to the position operator along the longitudinal and transversal orientation, which describes the motion concerning the electronic wave packet inside the bilayer graphene. Parameters' numbers are considered to explicate the packet of Gaussian wave, including the polarization of initial pseudo-spin as well as the wave number of the initial carrier number along with the localized wave packet's width along the longitudinal as well as transversal orientation. Consequently, the researchers show that the obvious oscillation in position operator can be effectively controlled not only by what is known as the initial parameters concerning the wave packet. Rather, it can mainly be controlled by selecting the localized quantum state's components. Furthermore, the interference's analysis between the conduction as well as valence bands concerning quantum states is really emphasized as the ability of what can be described as the transient's emergence, or in a sense, aperiodic temporal oscillations concerning the average value of position operator in the bilayer graphene.


The advent of more potent immunosuppressants led to the first successful human upper extremity transplantation in 1998. At this time, >100 upper extremity transplants, 30 face transplants, and a variety of other vascularized composite allotransplantation (VCA) procedures have been performed around the world. VCA recipients present unique challenges for transplantation. The incidence of acute rejection exceeds 80% in hand and face transplantation and is well documented, whereas reports about antibody‐mediated rejection and chronic rejection remain scarce. Immunosuppression protocols commonly used at US centers are derived from solid organ transplantation protocols. Novel approaches to minimize rejections in VCA may include improved HLA matching and considerations toward cytomegalovirus infection status. New graft preservation techniques may decrease immunogenicity prior to transplant. Novel monitoring methods such as valid biomarkers, ultrasound biomicroscopy, and sentinel flaps may enable earlier diagnosis of rejection. Cell‐based therapies are being explored to achieve immunosuppressive regimen minimization or even tolerance induction. The efficacy of local immunosuppression in clinical VCA remains controversial. In conclusion, although immunosuppressive strategies adapted from SOT have demonstrated good midterm results, focusing on the unique features of VCA grafts may enable additional, more specific treatment strategies in the future and improved long‐term graft outcomes.


The in vitro study of human bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells (BMMSCs) has largely depended on the use of primary cultures. Although these are excellent model systems, their scarcity, heterogeneity, and limited lifespan restrict their usefulness. This has led researchers to look for other sources of MSCs, and recently, such a population of progenitor/stem cells has been found in mesodermal tissues, including bone. We therefore hypothesized that a well‐studied and commercially available clonal human osteoprogenitor cell line, the fetal osteoblastic 1.19 cell line (hFOB), may have multilineage differentiation potential. We found that undifferentiated hFOB cells possess similar cell surface markers as BMMSCs and also express the embryonic stem cell‐related pluripotency gene, Oct‐4, as well as the neural progenitor marker nestin. hFOB cells can also undergo multilineage differentiation into the mesodermal lineages of chondrogenic and adipocytic cell types in addition to its predetermined pathway, the mature osteoblast. Moreover, as with BMMSCs, under neural‐inducing conditions, hFOB cells acquire a neural‐like phenotype. This human cell line has been a widely used model of normal osteoblast differentiation. Our data suggest that hFOB cells may provide for researchers an easily available, homogeneous, and consistent in vitro model for study of human mesenchymal progenitor cells.


Edited Information Flow RNA is generally a faithful mirror of the information encoded in DNA. However, posttranscriptional RNA editing is a widespread phenomenon that can result in a translated protein differing from its gene code. A class of deaminase enzymes related to human APOBEC (apolipoprotein B editing complex protein) edit adenosines in eukaryotes. Randau et al. (p. 657) have discovered an addition to this enzyme family in prokaryotes that edits cytosine to uridine at the highly conserved and structurally critical position 8 in the majority of transfer RNAs of the hyperthermophilic archaebacterium Methanopyrus kandleri. A nonconventional cytosine is edited out to allow a functional transfer RNA structure to form. All canonical transfer RNAs (tRNAs) have a uridine at position 8, involved in maintaining tRNA tertiary structure. However, the hyperthermophilic archaeon Methanopyrus kandleri harbors 30 (out of 34) tRNA genes with cytidine at position 8. Here, we demonstrate C-to-U editing at this location in the tRNA's tertiary core, and present the crystal structure of a tRNA-specific cytidine deaminase, CDAT8, which has the cytidine deaminase domain linked to a tRNA-binding THUMP domain. CDAT8 is specific for C deamination at position 8, requires only the acceptor stem hairpin for activity, and belongs to a unique family within the "cytidine deaminase–like" superfamily. The presence of this C-to-U editing enzyme guarantees the proper folding and functionality of all M. kandleri tRNAs.