We have studied the electrochemical reduction of CO2 on Cu overlayers on Pt(111) and Pt(211) surfaces. These systems were chosen to investigate the effect of strain on the catalytic activity of Cu surfaces and to obtain information about the role of steps in this process. The selectivity toward hydrocarbons on the copper overlayers is much lower than on polycrystalline copper due to a higher selectivity for hydrogen evolution. With the aim of understanding the lower activity toward CO2 electroreduction of the Cu overlayers, we also studied the surfaces under reaction condition using electrochemical scanning tunneling microscopy (EC-STM). In the presence of CO, the Cu overlayer changes from a flat to a granular structure exposing part of the Pt surface. The exposed Pt surface accounts for the high selectivity of these structures toward hydrogen evolution. These results illustrate the dynamic nature of the surface under reaction conditions and that in situ measurements are crucial to understand catalytic ac...


The ability to control the binding of biological and organic molecules to a crystal surface is central in several fields; for example, in biotechnology, catalysis, molecular microarrays, biosensors preparation and environmental sciences. The nano-morphology and nanostructure at the surface may have physico-chemical properties that are very different from those of the underlying mineral substrate. Recent developments in scanning probe microscopy (SPM) have widened the spectrum of possible investigations that can be performed at the nanometric level on the surface of minerals. They range from the study of physical properties such as surface potential, electric field topological determination, Brønsted–Lowry site distributions, to chemical and spectroscopic analysis in air, in liquid or in gaseous environments. After an introduction to SPM modes of operation and new SPM-based technological developments, we will present recent examples of applications in the study of interactions between organic matter and mineral surface and report on the advances in knowledge that have been made by the use of scanning probe microscopy.


Abstract Rationale: Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a progressive and fatal neurodegenerative disease. However, the misdiagnosis of ALS always occurs because of atypical clinical manifestations. Since mutations in Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) have been implicated as causative and account for 20% of fALS cases, early genetic sequencing of suspected individuals in ALS pedigrees could be helpful. Patient concerns: Here we report a Chinese family spanning three generations with fALS. A heterozygous c.125G>A (p.Gly42Asp) missense mutation in exon 2 of SOD1 gene was detected in our proband as well as her 2 siblings and next generation. Phenotypic diversity was also reported among symptomatic individuals. Diagnoses: Peripheral blood samples from the proband were collected and sent for polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and Sanger sequencing of the SOD1 gene at Sanvalley Diagnostics. The other 11 members in the studied family then underwent locus verification. Interventions: Butylphthalide, Vitamin B12, Coenzyme Q10 and mouse nerve growth factor is given to the symptomatic members. Outcomes: The symptoms of our proband was not improved by treatments at a late stage. She passed away the fourth year of the disease due to respiratory failure. Two siblings of the proband were given active treatments once verified as carrier. Their symptoms are still limited to limb weakness. Lessons: This study suggests genetic sequencing is a powerful tool for the diagnosis of familial ALS. Phenotypic heterogeneity exists among G41D-mutated individuals, which further highlights the importance of genomic strategies for early diagnosis.


Chimeric antigen receptor modified T cell (CAR-T) immunotherapy has achieved remarkable success in the treatment of hematological malignancies, especially for relapsed/refractory acute B lymphocytic leukemia (B-ALL) leukemia patients, most of whom could obtain complete remissions or partial remissions. However, clinical studies also found a as high as 50% total recurrence rate of these patients, in which more than 20% patients relapsed with tumor cells not expressing the primary CAR-T-targeted CD molecules. Increased relapses with negative targeted-molecules or even lost primary abnormal tumor gene, suggesting that immune escape and even clonal evolution events increased rapidly under the high-precision CAR-T immunotherapy pressure. Monitoring of minimal residual disease (MRD) is important to assess the efficacy and find recurrence trends early in a timely manner to guide further clinical intervention. The new features of disease recurrence after CAR-T treatment have put forward higher requirements for traditional and emerging MRD detection methods so as to ensure their effectiveness in the CAR-T treatment era.(Chin J Lab Med, 2018, 41: 175-179)

Key words:
Chimeric antigen receptor modified T cell; Leukemia; Minimal residual disease


Oxidation of diphenylamine (DPA) by hexacyanoferrate(III) in alkaline medium gives two products identified as N-phenyl-p-l?enzoquinoneimine (PBQ) and hexacyanoferrate(I1); the stoichiometric ratio being [oxidantV[PBQ] = 3.9. The pseudo-second order rate constant, first order each in [oxidant] and [reductant], is proportional to [OH-]. The third order rate constant comes out to be 1.7 x 10-2 dm-6 mol-2 S-I. The reaction is retarded by hexacyanoferrate(I1) but no simple correlation is observed between its concentration and the rate. Complex formation between the reactants has been ruled out. The values of activation parameters are: Ea= 29.8 kJ; !!.1V =27.3 kJ molI and !!.SI= -160 J mol-I deg-I. Because of a large decrease in entropy (steric factor, p=lO-S) inner sphere electron transfer mechanism has been suggested. 02(3~J does not affect the reaction. A mechanism consistent with the observed results has been proposed. The observed catalytic and specific effects of added cations have been attributed to interaction of two negatively charged ions in the rate-determing step as per Olson-Simonson model.


Objective To investigate the effects of combined glaucoma trabeculectomy on corneal curvature and optic axial length. Methods Fifty-six patients with glaucoma compound trabeculectomy 1 week, 3 months after surgery for corneal curvature and axial length measured and be compared with the preoperative. Results One week after trabeculectomy compared with preoperative, horizontal corneal curvature remained unchanged (P>0.05), vertical corneal curvature increased significantly (P<0.05), axial length was significantly shorter (P<0.05). After 3 months compared with baseline, no significant difference in corneal curvature (P<0.05), but axial length still significantly shorter (P<0.05). Conclusions Composite certain period after trabeculectomy may cause corneal curvature and axial length change significantly.

Key words:
Trabeculectomy;  Corneal curvature;  Optic axial length


Abstract This article examines how Dr. Robert McCarrison's goitre research in British India in the early twentieth century established his credentials as a medical researcher. It argues that the recognition that McCarrison achieved in this field had more to do with the fact that his research was conducted in a colonial non-Western locale. McCarrison resisted the Iodine Deficiency Disease explanation for goitre and critiqued successful public health initiatives conducted in the USA and Switzerland that involved distributing iodised salt or iodine supplements to populations to prevent goitre outbreaks. Thus, he created a path dependency in British India for himself and other British researchers, as well as his junior and affiliated Indian researchers, which impeded effective public health initiatives to prevent goitre outbreaks in India.


A biomass pretreatment process called wet oxidation that utilized water, oxygen (240-480 psi), and temperatures above 120 degrees C was applied to loblolly pine, black oak, and a mixture of low-grade hardwoods. The process was found to be effective for fractionating the hemicellulose, lignin, and cellulose components of wood. Acid hydrolysis studies showed that the wet oxidation also enhanced the rate at which cellulose was hydrolyzed by acids to glucose. (Refs. 28).


"Snobbish" education has produced teachers who are disenchanted,and the excessive secularization of teachers'role has endangered the teachers' lofty identity.So,the teachers must return back to enchantment,and are bold enough to start on a long journey of self-redemption and self-transcendence,expressing loftiness,experiencing conscience,comprehending wisdom,recalling and showing" the teacher's enchantment ".


World Wide Web is a massive repository of web pages and links. It provides information about vast area for the Internet users. There is tremendous growth and development in internet. Users' accesses are documented in web logs. Web usage mining is application of mining techniques in logs. Since due to tremendous usage, the log files are growing at a faster rate and the size is becoming huge. Preprocessing plays a vital role in efficient mining process as Log data is normally noisy and indistinct. Reconstruction of sessions and paths are completed by appending missing pages in preprocessing. Additionally, the transactions which illustrate the behavior of users are constructed exactly in preprocessing by calculating the Reference Lengths of user access by means of byte rate. Using Web clustering several types of objects can be clustered into different groups for various purposes. By using the theory of distribution in Dempster-Shafer's theory, the belief function similarity measure in this algorithm adds to the clustering task the ability to capture the uncertainty among Web user's navigation performance. This paper experiments about the accomplishment of preprocessing and clustering of web log. The experimental result shows the considerable performance of the proposed algorithm.


intensive companies because they were needed and could be afforded. None of this is new, as Chapman, Pollard, Melling and Whiteside have already shown. It is disappointing that the author did not offer something other than repackaged conventional wisdom. To interpret, to evaluate and to assess are of course subjective tasks, but necessary and vital ones. History, after all, is the past refracted through the mind of the historian. How does the author wish us to see the growth of company welfare schemes? Are they laudable or regrettable? Melling's work on the Metropolitan Gas Company provides an illuminating example of the application of interpretative skills. His material is well organized and effectively integrated into a consistent, analytical, theoretically based argument which represents company welfare policies as control mechanisms which fragmented workingclass solidarity and disadvantaged labour. This is not the perspective given in my own research, but Melling's is a sustainable, academically respectable view. Robert Fitzgerald's book does not provide comparable insights of this kind. We hear relatively little about workers' reactions or the implications of company welfare for trade unions with their own friendly-society tradition. I am not altogether happy with Robert Fitzgerald's use of the term 'internal labour markets'. The term needs to be defined. Vogue terms and concepts appropriate to labour management in the 1970s and 1980s do not necessarily fit circumstances in the nineteenth century. I continue to be unconvinced by allegations that paternalism was on the wane with the separation of ownership from control in industry. Surely the assumptions underlying this allegation reflect a tendency to myopia? Is it not likely that paternalism adapted its form to changing circumstances? A modernized variant of it is alive and kicking today — and not only in the British subsidiaries of Japanese and American companies. None of this is to deny that Robert Fitzgerald has made a commendable contribution to the historical study of labour management. The book is packed with detailed information. It is well worth reading by those of us with teaching and research interests in the multi-faceted history of social welfare. A. Russell University College of Wales, Aberystwyth


Background : Chronic rhinosinusitis is defined as the in flammation ciprofloxacin (50.94%), erythro mycin (32.1%), gentamicin (30.18%), and co-trimoxazole (15.09%) where as amoxicillin + clavulonic acid (5.6%) and methicillin (13.2%) were found to be least sensitive. Three percent (3%) showed fungal hyphae on KOH wet mount. Conclusion: Common organism causing chronic rhinosi nusitis is Staphylococcus aureus followed by Pseudomonas aeruginosa and most sensitive antibiotics were cefixime and ciprofloxacin. Commonly used antibiotics like amoxicil -lin-clavulonic acid is losing effectiveness due to the emerg ing drug resistant bacterial strains.


The Content of Cross-Cultural Training - Richard W Brislin and Tomoko Yoshida An Introduction PART ONE: THE WORLD OF BUSINESS Working Cooperatively with People from Different Cultures - Richard W Brislin Cross-Cultural Training for the Global Executive - Neal R Goodman Gender Relations in the Workplace - Elaine K Bailey Using Approaches from the Field of Cross-Cultural Training Individualism and Collectivism as the Source of Many Specific Cultural Differences - Richard W Brislin PART TWO: EDUCATION Cross-Cultural Training for Adolescents and Professionals Who Work with Youth Exchange Programs - Kenneth Cushner Preparing Teachers for an Intercultural Context - Kenneth Cushner Intercultural Education at the University Level - Neal R Goodman Teacher-Student Interaction International Students and International Student Advisers - Paul Pedersen PART THREE: SOCIAL AND HEALTH SERVICES Intercultural Communication for Health Care Professionals - Colleen Mullavey-O'Byrne Intercultural Interactions in Welfare Work - Colleen Mullavey-O'Byrne Multicultural Counseling - Paul Pedersen PART FOUR: COMMUNICATION ACROSS CULTURAL BOUNDARIES Interpersonal versus Noninterpersonal Reality - Tomoko Yoshida An Effective Tool Individualists Can Use to Better Understand Collectivists Nonverbal Behavior in Intercultural Interaction - Ted Singelis Approaching Cultural Crossover in Language Learning - Mark Sawyer and Larry E Smith Training Bilinguals to Interpret in the Community - Carolina Freimanis


This paper is the analysis of thermal and fluid in solar concentration absorber with various tilt angle and opening ratio of absorber entrance. The purpose of this study is to develop optimum solar concentration absorber, and the parameters for the study are the opening ratio was changed from 0.1to 1.0. The finite volume method with SIMPLE computational algorithm are used and analyzed the heat transfer in absorber inside walls.


Considers the introduction of OCLC and other technology in public libraries as a response to reduced budgets and an increased demand for information. Discusses the history of cataloguing, the development of new cataloguing systems, bibliographic record editing, and methods of processing materials. Surmises that OCLC has been a sound investment in forging a new link between acquisitions and cataloguing, as well as reducing cost per cataloguing unit.


This paper focuses on the development of the mathematical model of shear stress by direct shear test for compressible soil of the littoral region, which will be a great tool in the hand of geotechnical engineers. The most common use of a shear test is to determine the shear strength which is the maximum shear stress that a material can withstand before the failure occurs. This parameter is useful in many engineering designs such as foundations, roads and retaining walls. We carried out an experimental laboratory test of ten samples of undisturbed soil taken at different points of the border of Wouri river of Cameroon. The samples were collected at different depths and a direct shear test was conducted. The investigations have been performed under constant vertical stresses and constant sample volume with the aim to determine the frictional angle and the cohesion of the compressible soil which are so important to establish the conditions of buildings stability. Special care was taken to derive loading conditions actually existing in the ground and to duplicate them in the laboratory. Given that the buildings constructed in this area are subjected to settlement, landslide, and punch break or shear failure, the cohesion and the frictional angle are determined through the rupture line after assessed the mean values of the shear stress for the considered ten samples. The bearing capacity of the soil, which is the fundamental soil parameter, was calculated. From the laboratory experimental results, the least squared method was used to derive an approximated mathematical model of the shearing stress. Many optimizations methods were then considered to reach the best adjustment.


This paper discusses the development of a
dynamic model for a torpedo shaped sub-
marine. Expressions for hydrostatic, added
mass, hydrodynamic, control surface and pro-
peller forces and moments are derived from
first principles. Experimental data obtained
from flume tests of the submarine are inserted
into the model in order to provide computer
simulations of the open loop behavior of the
system.


Dickinson ROTC is proud to have such brave and distinguished alumni, and this section is dedicated to those individuals who have served and who continue to serve.


EARLY one December, a friend telephoned me to say that she and her husband would be alone that year and they would like to entertain an "orphan child" for Christmas Day. Whom should she contact? How many of us are still in the Dickensian era where the "haves" throw buns to the grateful "have-nots"! Yet people like this have a great store of goodwill, which might well be used if the community is really to play a full part in caring for those of its children who are outside any true family circle. The community shares its financial responsibility in the rates, but on the whole very few people do any more. I suggest this is because we can only involve ourselves completely or do nothing. Adoption is undoubtedly the ideal way of helping, but not many children are available nor all would-be parents suitable. Not easy The second best is, of course, fostering. Some people, indeed some families, seem to have a limitless supply of that magic "caring" for other people, especially children. It is not loving at that stage, because love is something which grows out of a relationship and cannot be given deliberately, least of all out of pity. Yet fostering is not an easy way, nor one to be undertaken lightly. Anyone who has seen the anguish of a foster-mother deprived of the child she has mothered, perhaps for years, will realise this and understand why many of these women will try deliberately not to involve themselves too deeply or for too long at a time, for fear of getting hurt. This in itself, as well as frequent changes of foster homes, may be very harmful to the child's developing personality. He may grow up capable only of forming the most superficial relational himself, and lack a sense of "bej01?. ing". Later, this may show itsel:t*' "I belong to no one. I owe notn1 ?* to anyone except myself".


: Human gesture recognition is defined as a necessity to determine what human body actions occur in videos. Gestures can originate from body motion like walking, bending, jumping, and hand waving. When a video is playing the human action detection is a difficult point of detection. This problem is peculiarly hard due to extensive variations in motion appearance of actions, camera angles with respect to the human body, motion in the background, noise and large amount of video data. Main aim is to detect various gestures in a multimedia clip by pre-processing the video and then applying algorithm for identifying various actions. The important role is to determine behavior of humans based on based on their actions. The moving objects are determined from a video stream. The database used includes CASIA database and WEIZ MANS ACTION database to test the proposed system. Those can be applied to Surveillance Systems.


Colombia has several characteristics that give it potential significance for understanding the development and dispersal of precolumbian culturale lementsand complexes. It is located at the «entrance» to South America linked by land with Central America. Thus, it is the first region to receive influences from the north, before passing them on to adjacent parts of thecontinent. It incorporates a variety of habitats but lacks the extremes of altitude and aridity that prevail in the Andean countries to the south. The intermontane valleys offer conditions similar to those of the eastern low lands, and the cordilleras are not formidable barriers to movement, facilitating adaptive radiation by precolumbian populations.


The high density of traffic and high speeds on Japanese National Railways make important reliable signaling and safety devices. Described are the evolution of automatic train stop, cab signals, automatic speed supervision and other controls.


In the manufacturing of microelectronic devices, one of the most difficult processes continues to be wirebonding. Hybrids and MCMs present special problems to organizations and engineers trying to keep rework to an absolute minimum and continually increase product reliability. Design Of Experiments (DOE) is one tool that is being used successfully to meet these goals. Used correctly, DOE can save a company time and resources by reducing the expenditures necessary to define a process such as wirebonding. Wirebond non-sticks on both first and second bonds and weak bonds plague many organizations. Contamination of product being bonded and properly setting up machinery for a wide array of materials being used in production represent two of the main sources of wirebond problems. This paper describes the process of implementing DOE to define a plasma cleaning procedure and define wirebonding parameters. Once the need for plasma cleaning was ascertained, DOE was used to optimize the process for the best results. After auditing the log books of each wirebonder, it was decided that process control parameters must be maintained within certain windows in addition to using SPC controls. DOE was used to define these process windows.


In recent years, alcohol dependence become a major social and
personal menace in most societies. Patient-reported outcome measures such
as QoL may be useful in orientating choice between different therapeutic
options. In public health point of view, Assessment of QoL is important to
evaluate the effectiveness of existing programs.
The study showed that alcohol dependents had poor quality of life
before treatment and abstinence and regular follow up gave marked
improvement.


Summary:  Purpose: Although levetiracetam undergoes minimum metabolism, B‐esterases have been identified in whole blood that are capable of metabolising levetiracetam. The present study was designed to ascertain any variability in levetiracetam blood concentrations that could be attributed to in situ metabolism and which could impact on the utility of such concentration measurements in guiding therapeutic management.


Combined with practical concrete work in UAE the factors influencing the cracks of concrete are briefly analyzed. In order to eliminate those cracks some ideas and suggestions are summarized as well as practical preventive measures.


In this paper we present the first detailed analysis of von Neumann multiplexing (vN-MUX) using majority (MAJ) gates of small fan-ins Delta (MAJ-Delta) with respect to the probability of failure of the elementary (nano-)devices. Only gates with small fan-ins have been considered, as gates with large fan-ins do not seem practical (at least in the short term) in future technologies. The extensions from an exact counting algorithm (for gate defects and faults only) to device-level failures will allow us to estimate and characterize MAJ-Delta vN-MUX with respect to device-level malfunctions. The reported results depart significantly from all known gate-level analyses-either theoretical or based on simulations. These should be quite important as providing a detailed picture of the behavior of MAJ-Delta vN-MUX when considering the (unreliability of the elementary) (nano-)devices (as opposed to gate-level only analyses). The main conclusion is that small fan-in gates (and redundancy schemes relying on such gates) are quite promising-in spite of all previous results at gate-level showing the contrary.


The title compound [systematic name: (E)-2-hydroxy-5-(phenyldiazenyl)cyclohepta-2,4,6-trien-1-one], C13H10N2O2, is essentially planar with an r.m.s. deviation of 0.036 (2) Å and a dihedral angle of 1.57 (8)° between the phenyl and tropolone rings. In the crystal, molecules are linked by pairs of O—H⋯O hydrogen bonds into inversion dimers. The dimers are further connected by C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds and π–π stacking interactions, with centroid–centroid distances of 3.6934 (9) and 3.6282 (9) Å.


Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text Objective: To evaluate the short-term outcomes of patients with GC who received RDG or LDG. Summary Background Data: Despite the increasing use of RDG in patients with GC, its safety and efficacy compared to those of LDG have not been elucidated in a randomized controlled trial. Methods: Three hundred patients with cT1-4a and N0/+ between September 2017 and January 2020 were enrolled in this randomized controlled trial at a high-volume hospital in China. The short-term outcomes were compared between the groups. Results: The modified intention-to-treat analysis included data from 283 patients (RDG group: n = 141) and (LDG group: n = 142). Patients in the RDG group exhibited faster postoperative recovery, milder inflammatory responses, and reduced postoperative morbidity (9.2% vs 17.6%, respectively, P = 0.039). Higher extraperigastric lymph nodes (LNs) were retrieved in the RDG group (17.6 ± 5.8 vs 15.8 ± 6.6, P = 0.018) with lower noncompliance rate (7.7% vs 16.9%, respectively, P = 0.006). Additionally, patients in the RDG group were more likely to initiate adjuvant chemotherapy earlier [median (interquartile range) postoperative days: 28 (24–32) vs 32 (26–42), P = 0.003]. Although total hospital costs were higher in the robotic group than in the laparoscopic group, the direct cost was lower for RDG than for LDG (all P < 0.001). Conclusions: RDG is associated with a lower morbidity rate, faster recovery, milder inflammatory responses, and improved lymphadenectomy. Additionally, faster postoperative recovery in the RDG group enables early initiation of adjuvant chemotherapy. Our results provide evidence for the application of RDG in patients with GC.


The order of the public prosecutors activity for the supervision of municipal legal acts is studied. Special attention is paid to the analysis of the work on prevention of the adoption of illegal acts.


During the past ten years, E-commerce has experienced incredible development. However, some conflict in express service quality has occurred, and many customers complain about the problem that happened in the express process. Thus, this research not only tests the relationship between express service quality and customer satisfaction of customers in Thailand but also gives suggestions to solve the conflict of express service quality. This research is quantitative and collects data via a questionnaire. The research will employ multiple regression to figure out the relationship between the Thai Express firms' service quality and customer satisfaction of E-commerce shopping customers in Thailand. It is concluded that all the six dimensions (ordering quality, commodity distribution quality, customized quality, information quality, courier service quality, and error handling quality) positively affect customer satisfaction in Thailand except for Response quality which is not related to customer satisfaction. Finally, based on the experimental results, this paper proposes development suggestions for Thai Express companies.


Multimedia and Internet are now widely used in college English teaching, as they help increase the students' interest in English learning, make the classroom learning effective and improve the students' language proficiency. Their main influences on college English teaching lie in three aspects, namely lesson preparation, lesson giving and after-class instruction.


The qualitative effect of air velocity on drying rate of lumber has long been known. This report provides quantification of the effects of air velocity on drying rate of individual eastern white pine boards. An empirical equation correlating moisture content with time during drying was used to aid in the analysis. The drying rate increased with air velocity for moisture contents above approximately 40% to 50%. The drying rate gradually decreased and tended to level off with air velocities above 3.05 to 3.56 m/s (600 to 700 ft/min) and moisture contents below approximately 80% to 90%. The results provide guidelines for selecting experimental air velocities in full-scale kiln tests.


The material liquid in climbing film and falling film type evaporator flows in the form of a film along the tube wall side and outside the tube heating medium for heat exchange and evaporation with nature.Both of them are not suitable for high concentration coking or in the process of evaporation there is precipitation crystallization of material liquid evaporation; Difference material liquid is at high speed under the action of secondary steam and vacuum film and move upward, material liquid after evaporation and secondary steam enter the separator from the top after evaporation of feed liquid, the separation of the secondary steam can be achiered, and the falling film evaporator is under the action of material liquid distributor distributing incoming evenly to each tube falling film and in state of film along the tube wall under the action of its own gravity and secondary steam flow from top to bottom, the material liquid after evaporation and secondary steam enters the separator at the bottom in the evaporator in the material liquid after evaporation and the secondary steam separate completely. Climbing film evaporator required heating temperature difference is bigger, the operation is not easy to control, easy to cause run material, etc. As a result, there are few applications in recent years. Analyzed in this paper.


The sample pretreatment method applying automatic solid phase extraction technique in determination of 17 organochlorine and pyrethrin residues in animal products was systematically studied.Many influencing factors,such as extracting solvent,solid phase extraction column,washing liquid,eluting solvent and apparatus analyzing condition were optimized.A new cleansing method was build,which was highly effective,rapid,safe and low costing.The method was verified by different labs with recovery rate 78.6%-103.0%,precision 2.7%-12.1%and determination limit 0.005-0.010 mg/kg,which can well meet export testing requirements.


Abstract : On 3 November 2010, the commander of United States Air Forces Central Command (COMUSAFCENT) signed and released an order establishing the 9th Air and Space Expeditionary Task Force-Afghanistan (9 AETF-A). This order represents an important moment because it alters the 20-year-old model of how COMUSAFCENT, in his role as the 9 AETF commander, presents forces to the supported joint force commander (JFC)--in this case, the commander of US Forces-Afghanistan (COMUSFOR-A). This article serves as a complementary piece to Lt Gen Mike Hostage's article "A Seat at the Table," which appeared in the Winter 2010 issue of this journal. It documents how this change in USAFCENT's airpower command and control (C2) structure developed, tempered by my observations and perspective as the commander charged with implementing the COMUSAFCENT's vision. First, I explain the initial tasks that General Hostage gave me as director of the "empowered" air component coordination element (ACCE). As I do that, I illustrate how we began to evolve into what has become the AETF staff. Next, I discuss why this evolution was necessary and the rationale for creating a subtheater C2 echelon in today's war-fighting environment. I do so to give the readers of this journal one Airman's sight picture on how we can adapt centralized control procedures for a mature, enduring campaign. Finally, I offer a few thoughts on how and why we arrived at this juncture.


Hyperventilation syndrome apparently triggered dissociative reactions in two patients. Overbreathing under the examiner's direction reproduced dissociative reactions similar to those which occurred spontaneously. A rudimentary form of multiple personality was demonstrated in each case.


The paper presents results of grain growth modelling in single-phase polycrystalline materials based on the Hillert mean filed theory [1]. For the context of grain growth in nano-polycrystals this theory has been modifiedto take into account transient states and the effect of grain size distribution on the kinetics of the grain growth. Both, global and local mean size of grains as well as effect of spatial fluctuations in the size of grains have been studied. The results show that the structure homogeneity and the mobility of the grain boundaries have a significant impact on the grain growth process. Relevance of the results to the processes taking place in some examples of nano-metals (e.q. [2,3]) is briefly discussed.


Details are given of the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration's (NHTSA) initial research to evaluate potential child side impact test procedures. Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standard (FMVSS) No. 213, "Child Restraint Systems" currently only requires that U.S. marketed child restraints meet dynamic testing simulating a 48.3 kph (30 mph) frontal impact. NHTSA is evaluating test parameters and potential methodologies to replicate a representative side impact scenario that could potentially be developed into a future child restraint dynamic side impact test procedure. This paper will discuss (1) testing conducted using the side impact sled buck designed by TK HOLDINGS INC. (Takata), and (2) side impact moving deformable barrier (MDB) into vehicle crash tests, which were performed in an effort to refine sled buck test parameters. This study is limited to one generic sled test buck design concept and side impact tests involving small passenger vehicles. It was observed that the sled buck concept was repeatable and able to distinguish between child restraint system (CRS) models. The design of the CRSs' seat back side wing is an important element for providing side impact protection, particularly when impact angles are varied. Trends in injury response values between sled and crash tests were similar for the two CRS models used in both types of testing. The full text of this paper may be found at: http://www-nrd.nhtsa.dot.gov/pdf/esv/esv21/09-0539.pdf For the covering abstract see ITRD E145407.


The concept of Industry 4.0 has been mainly addressed by the current literature from a technological perspective, overlooking the organisational and even ethical challenges related to this recent paradigm. In order to become '4.0 compliant', an enterprise must adapt its organisation and business approaches, and these changes may lead to a significant impact on sustainability. Therefore, we performed a systematic literature review to investigate the most recent Industry 4.0 research streams by adopting a multi-perspective approach. This analysis led to collect insights on the key traits of an Enterprise 4.0: integration, decomposed hierarchy, flexibility, and autonomy. Each of these keywords involves work environments, business and organisational models, and educational approaches, which constitute the key traits of the novel framework proposed in this study.


Magnesium diboride (MgB2) is considered a promising material for practical application in superconducting devices, with a transition temperature near 40 K. In the present paper, nanocrystalline MgB2 with an average particle size of approximately 70 nm is synthesized by reacting LiBH4 with MgH2 at temperatures as low as 450°C. This synthesis approach successfully bypasses the usage of either elemental boron or toxic diborane gas. The superconductivity of the nanostructures is confirmed by magnetization measurements, showing a superconducting critical temperature of 38.7 K.


[Objective]A gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS) method was developed for the determination of melamine in powdered milk.[Method] The melamine was extracted from the milk samples with the triethylamine-methanol-deionized water solution and then determined by the GC-MS method.[Result] The milk sample was extracted with triethylamine-methanol-deionized water solution and derivatized with N,O-bis(trimethylsilyl) trifluoroacetamide(BATFA),which effectively decreased the influence casued by the matrix.The adding of benzoguanamine as internal standard in the preceding process could significantly improve the precision of the method.The linear range was from 0.1 to 50.0 mg/L.The limits of detection were 0.1 μg/g.The average recoveries were 102.0%-104.2% for melamine in powdered milk sample,and the relative standard deviations were less than 4.2%.[Conclusion] The method is suitable for the qualitative and quantitative determination of melamine in milk.


652 Background: Pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms (PanNENs) are rare entities comprising 1-2% of gastroenteropancreatic neoplasms with an annual incidence of 0.48/100,000 population in the world. The molecular pathways underpinning the entity are less explored owing to its rarity. We aimed to analyse and correlate the expression of chromatin remodelers in PanNENs from Indian subcontinent. Methods: An ambispective study (prospective 2014-2018 as well as retrospective 2018-2021) was conducted. Haematoxylin and eosin stained slides with immunohistochemistry slides (chromogranin, synaptophysin) of 73 cases of PanNENs were retrieved from archives of Department of Pathology, AlIMS, New Delhi and evaluated for assessment of histopathological parameters. Following slide review, grading and staging were done based on WHO 2017 Classification and AJCC eighth edition respectively. Representative formalin fixed paraffin embedded block was selected after slide review and retrieved for performing immunohistochemical staining with antibodies against ATRX, DAXX, SETD2, H3K36Me3 and ARID1A using Ultra Vision Quanto polymer detection system by Thermo Fisher Scientific. Data was analysed using STATA version SE14. Results: Study cohort of 73 PanNENs had a mean age of presentation 41 years (Range: 8 years -70 years) and male to female ratio of 1.43:1. Majority of the tumors in our study were non functional (63.01%). Loss of nuclear expression of ATRX/DAXX (at least one marker) was seen in 26/73 (35.62%) cases. Loss of expression had significant correlation with pathological stage of the tumor, presence of distant metastasis and adverse prognostic outcome (p value-<0.05). Lower grade tumors with low to intermediate ki67 index had higher preponderance for loss of expression of ARID1A. Loss of expression of any of the chromatin remodelers (ATRX/DAXX/ARID1A/H3K36Me3) was noted in 44/73 cases (60.27%) and was more frequently associated with advanced stage of tumor or recurrence/metastasis/death (p value-0.005). Conclusions: Loss of chromatin remodelers such as ATRX, DAXX, ARID1A, SETD2 and H3K36ME3 is involved in the pathogenesis of pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms and are associated with adverse outcomes, so loss or lower immunohistochemical expression for these can serve as a poor prognostic factor and guide for adjuvant therapy.


This paper proposes a day-ahead two-stage stochastic scheduling method of integrated energy system considering the uncertainty and spatial-temporal correlation of wind power. An improved scenario generation and reduction method is proposed for the wind power of multiple wind farms. Aiming at wind power uncertainty, a two-stage coordination scheduling method is adopted. The first stage is to formulate output of units, while the second stage is to deal with different scenarios through reserves and adjustments of units. The coupling of different energy sources brought by flexible components and the cooperation between two stages are studied in detail. The simulation results show that the application of more reliable scenarios and two-stage scheduling can improve the economic benefits and wind power utilization, which verifies the effectiveness of this proposed method.


Two university English seminars were video-recorded to provide data for a pilot project investigating how English is produced or 'actualized' in teaching and learning encounters. The project is positioned within three contexts: national policy about higher education teaching; current research about higher education pedagogy; and, the history and politics of university English. The main aim of the article is to explicate a methodology that takes as its data actual moments of teaching, captured on video tape, and the teachers' commentary on them. It analyses these records with reference to theories about rhetoric.


Abstract The gravitational deflection of light ray is an important prediction of general theory of relativity. In this paper we have developed an analytical expression of the deflection of light ray without any weak field approximation due to a charged gravitating body represented by Reissner-Nordström (RN) and Janis-Newman-Winicour (JNW) space-time geometry, using material medium approach. It is concluded that although both the geometries represent the charged, non-rotating, spherically symmetric gravitating body, the effect of charge on the gravitational deflection is just opposite to each other. The gravitational deflection decreases with charge in the RN geometry and increases with charge in the JNW geometry. The calculations obtained here are compared with other methods done by different authors. The formalism is applied to an arbitrarily selected gravitating body, as a test case and compared with the standard Schwarzschild geometry for comparison purposes.


Shortly after independence, school geography was used in Senegal to meet the demands of nation-building. This was not an unprecedented role, since nation-building was a key function of the model that produced this geography and to which it refers. However, African revival introduced a new dimension, fueled by various identity-based polarities. School geography was therefore used in a unique way, with teaching material for the creation of a new man: an African whose African culture and national history, groundnut monocrop, and openness to other cultures defined him as Senegalese.


It is widely acknowledged that racism in football is not a recent problem, but since the turn of the twenty-first century there has been an increasing focus placed on race and ethnicity in the world's most popular sport. The prominence of this as a growing research area is seen through the structure and number of contributors to this edited book, which draws together a range of topics currently being investigated under the appropriate subtitle of 'persisting debates and emergent issues'. Within Race, Ethnicity and Football, Burdsey has gathered what he refers to as established scholars and up-and-coming voices, but importantly moves the debate away from a traditionally white-male dominated one, to also include research conducted by ethnic minority and female scholars. Broken down into five themed sections, each of the sixteen chapters provides a different account of the existence of racial inequalities throughout football from the elite level through to the grass roots. After an introductory chapter written by Burdsey setting out the aim of Race, Ethnicity and Football, the first themed section, 'Racialised Exclusions and ''Glocal'' Im/mobilities', includes three chapters which focus on the history and contemporary placement of 'race' in Liverpool, the recruitment of African players and parallels to slavery, and racism within Irish football. The next themed section 'Contested Fields and Cultural Resistance' contains three chapters on a local ethnic minority club in Leicester (Highfield Rangers), the historical development and shifting focus of local football in Leicester and the experiences of British female Muslims (in particular surrounding Islam, Identity and the Hijab). This is followed by '''New'' Ethnicities and Emergent Football Communities' containing three chapters on British Asian female footballers and the arguments surrounding national identity, the social and historical contours of mixed heritage players in British football and the impact of football on young Pakistani Muslim masculinities. 'The Cultural Politics of Fandom' consists of three chapters on the cosmopolitanism of English fans at Euro 2008, a case study of the Asian experience at West Ham and the impact on local identity and the impact and conduct of sectarianism in Scottish football (focusing on Rangers and Celtic). The final themed section 'Equity, Anti-Racism and the Politics of Campaigning' contains three chapters on racial equality initiatives in English grass-roots football, the legal argument and the future of British Asian football. Although anti-racist organizations such as 'Kick It Out' are championing a decrease in overt racism within football, Race, Ethnicity and Football provides detailed accounts of how racism now operates through more nuanced, covert and subtle means than is widely assumed by anti-racist organizations and the relevant football authorities. Hence, the central argument within Race, Ethnicity and Football is that racism is structural or systemic within football and how football clubs, the governing bodies and anti-racist organizations 'simultaneously fails to acknowledge the extent to which racism actually continues to exist and the various ways in which it manifests itself ' (p. 7). Thus, by acknowledging that overt acts of racism may have declined since the beginning of the twentyfirst century, the aim of Race, Ethnicity and Football 'seeks to rally against the more intricate, covert and institutionalised forms of prejudice and discrimination that still exist within the Ethnic and Racial Studies Vol. 35 No. 9 September 2012 pp. 1694 1706


In order to reduce the green house gas, CO₂ from the vehicle, the only possible method is to improve the fuel economy. Nowadays, many vehicle manufacturing companies develop alternator charge control methods and increase the alternator efficiency to improve fuel economy. Regulated Voltage Control (RVC) System is the alternator charge control system to improve fuel economy by charging the lower battery voltage. Therefore, RVC maximizes the electrical energy from the battery. On using RVC system, the Fuel Economy is mediated by the battery condition such as the state of the charge. In this paper, we study the fuel economy correction between Regulated Charging Control and the battery condition.


The C-terminal fragment 33-41 of thymosin β 9 is synthesized by solution synthesis, using the strategy of maximum side-chain protection with acid-labile tert-butyl groups and temporary N α -benzyloxycarbonyl protection during the elongation steps. Part of this peptide is deprotected, coupled to KLH, and the conjugate used for the production of antibodies. The biological activities of two fragments and of the nonapeptide are tested in our α-amanitin-inhibited E-rosette assay


An n-partite tournament is an orientation of a complete n-partite graph. We show that if D is a strongly connected n-partite (n ≥ 3) tournament, then every partite set of D has at least one vertex, which lies on an m-cycle for all m in {3, 4,..., n}. This result extends those of Bondy (J. London Math. Soc.14 (1976), 277-282) and Gutin (J. Combin. Theory Ser. B58 (1993), 319-321).


ABSTRACT The popularity of using herbal cures in twenty-first century Estonia has several reasons. Estonians are familiar with nature, and many collect berries, mushrooms, and potherbs. Herb collecting in general is a part of the local heritage. There are private enterprises in Estonia dealing with the cultivation and sale of herbs. Herbs can be bought from grocery stores, markets, and pharmacies. Even medical doctors can recommend herbal treatments for mild illnesses. This article reviews which herbal beliefs are held among modern Estonians and how this fits with global trends characterized by a growing strive toward the natural lifestyle also evident in health behavior and an attitude toward pharmaceutical companies as businesses who prioritize income above welfare. We will analyze how herbal beliefs reflect people's religious views, educational background, sex and age. The empirical base of the study consists of the responses of 1,205 randomly selected subjects, of whom 650 were interviewed face to face in six different areas of Estonia and 555 replied to a survey online. The core of the questionnaire consisted of opinions on ten general herbal beliefs. In addition, respondents were asked their opinions on natural and synthetic medicines and reasons for herbal healing effects.


Monitoring the correction of abnormal bleeding tendencies during the treatment of patients with hemostatic disorders is essential to evaluate success of therapy. While single clotting factor assays provide valuable information, global coagulation assays are desirable to better understand the overall hemostatic condition of patients. In Hemophilia A, severity of the clotting defect is traditionally evaluated by determining FVIII activity using chromogenic or clotting assays. Evaluation of thrombin generation in plasma samples for the assessment of bleeding tendencies in hemophilic patients has been suggested. Discriminating between samples with FVIII levels below 1%, however, has been challenging using FVIII activity and thrombin generation assays. We previously reported a native whole blood thrombin generation assay (nWB-TGA) that uses recalcification of whole blood samples without the addition of tissue factor to initiate clotting. We have shown that this assay is sensitive to varying levels of FVIII in vitro and to platelet targeted FVIII gene therapy in a murine model of Hemophilia A. The objective of the present study was to determine if the nWB-TGA can be used to monitor Hemophilia A patients during FVIII therapy and if this assay allows discrimination of whole blood samples with FVIII levels below 1%.

Using the nWB-TGA we evaluated thrombin generation in a severe hemophilia A patient carrying an intron 22 inversion. Numerous data points were obtained from 15 different FVIII infusions, each targeting a FVIII level of 50%. Samples collected at least 72 hours (hrs) post infusion (>6 half-lives, calculated FVIII levels <1%) significantly differed from healthy control samples in all thrombin generation parameters. Compared with healthy controls (6.9 ± 0.6 min; mean ± SEM) the hemophilic patient had a lag time (LT) of 24.8 ± 3.4 min. Peak time in healthy controls and the patient was 10.1 ± 1 min and 35 ± 5 min, peak thrombin was 528 ± 78 nM and 124 ± 20 nM, endogenous thrombin potential (ETP) was 1949 ± 117 nM and 1201 ± 50 nM, and thrombin generation rate was 196 ± 58 nM/min and 21 ± 6 nM/min, respectively. While previous studies on thrombin generation in plasma samples mainly reported on differences in peak thrombin and ETP, spiking of hemophilic blood with increasing concentration of recombinant FVIII in vitro revealed that the LT was FVIII dose dependent in our assay. When hemophilic blood was reconstituted with FVIII to a 2%, 5% and 50% level, the LT was 22.5 ± 1.6 min, 16.1 ± 1.7 min and 8.8 ± 0.6 min, respectively. All other thrombin generation parameters were FVIII dose dependent as well. A FVIII dependent LT was also apparent in vivo , when we monitored the patient after FVIII infusions. LT was 6.4 ± 0.2 min at 15 min, 8.5 ± 0.4 min at 24 hrs, and 13.8 ± 0.5 min at 48 hrs post FVIII treatment. We identified the lack of tissue factor as being key to a FVIII dose dependent LT. At all post infusion time points the LT was approximately 5 min when tissue factor was added to the assay. To our surprise, looking at specific time points equal to or greater than 72 hrs post infusion enabled us to discriminate these samples based on the LT (72 hrs: LT= 13.0 ± 0.6 min, 84 hrs: LT= 19.5 ± 0.8 min, 96 hrs: 36.0 ± 4.4 min). The ETP, commonly used as a variable parameter in previous thrombin generation reports, however, was not different among 72, 84 and 96 hrs post FVIII infusion samples. Strikingly, FVIII activity determined by chromogenic and one stage clotting assay was below detection limit (1% FVIII:C) in samples obtained 72 hrs post infusion or later. Thus, the patient in our study displayed considerable thrombin generation determined by the nWB-TGA at post FVIII infusion time points when FVIII levels were considered undetectable with currently available technology. Our data suggest that the different LT observed in 72, 84 and 94 hrs post infusion samples is possibly related to differences in residual FVIII levels below 1%.

In conclusion, the nWB-TGA provides a useful tool to monitor efficacy of FVIII replacement therapy and might assist in tailoring individual FVIII treatment regimens. This close to physiological whole blood assay allows distinguishing blood samples with FVIII levels below 1% in vivo , and might help to explain the heterogeneity in bleeding phenotypes observed in severe hemophilia A patients. This assay may also be useful in assessing therapeutic benefit of "long acting" FVIII or FIX products.

Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.


Abstract : A recent seismic refraction profile in 2800 fm. (5.1 km.) at Latitude 34 degrees 00 minutes N. Longitude 66 degrees 30 minutes W. in the Atlantic Ocean proved that basement rocks having velocity of 7.58 km./sec. for compressional waves were covered by 1.37 km. of sediment. On the basis of this velocity we tentatively identified the layer as P sub n, indicating the absence of the granitic and intermediate layers. This velocity is higher than most of the values deduced for the uppermost sub-oceanic rocks from studies of the velocity and the dispersion of earthquake surface waves over oceanic paths. If this refraction measurement is representative of ocean wide conditions, it is evidently in conflict with the crustal layering inferred from previous studies on studies on surface waves. The present study indicates that the observed surface wave dispersion is to be expected if proper account is taken of the influence of the water and sediment over an ocean bottom consisting of a very thick basaltic layer, as indicated by the seismic refraction measurements.


We have synthesized ferrite-polymer nanocomposite struc- tures and theoretically and experimentally investigated electromag- netic propagation, absorption properties of these nanocomposite ma- terials at 8{20GHz in microwave guides. The microwave properties of the samples were investigated by transmission line method, and re∞ec- tion loss of i59:60dB was found at 12GHz for an absorber thickness of 2mm. These nanocomposites may be attractive candidates for mi- crowave absorption materials.


doi: 10.1074/jbc.M704531200 originally published online February 14, 2008J. Biol. Chem.€2008, 283:13001-13008.€ Access the most updated version of this article at doi: 10.1074/jbc.M704531200 € Find articles, minireviews, Reflections and Classics on similar topics on the JBC Affinity Sites.Alerts: €€ •€ When a correction for this article is posted •€ When this article is cited Click here to choose from all of JBC's e-mail alerts€ http://www.jbc.org/content/283/19/13001.full.html#ref-list-1 This article cites 36 references, 16 of which can be accessed free atDownloaded from http://www.jbc.org/


This paper will reflect upon neo-liberal privatization policies to 'shrink' the state and refigure American citizens as consumers. Under a changed relation of law and space, those who wish to criticize the 'War on Terrorism' are particularly burdened now that the functional equivalents of public spaces are enclosed within privately owned malls. As demonstrated in the fall and winter of 2002–3, the new matrix of law and space produced a visual symbolics of consent that extended state power aesthetically to occlude dissent or deliberation while manifesting – visually – support for the President's war on Iraq. Moreover, I find that this changed relation between law and space makes dissent from state policies significantly more difficult under these conditions. This was particularly evident as many who sought to protest against war in Iraq were threatened with arrest for trespass as they sought to reach crowds of people in privately owned shopping malls. By examining the production of this aesthetics of consent through consumer culture, in part, I shall argue that 'privatization', rather than limiting state power as is so often assumed actually extends the web of state power when the state seeks to achieve its purposes by using 'private' actors. Privatization promotes state power by investing 'private' actors with state responsibilities.


Introduction: The quality care is an essential aspect of hospital service in improving health outcomes. Quality of children's care can be assessed by measuring the parental satisfaction.
Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional design was used. Non-probability purposive sampling was used to select 167 parents of children who were admitted in Kanti Children Hospital. Data were collected by interviewing either the father or mother as roomed-in by using the Pediatric family satisfaction questionnaire (PFSQ) containing three domains as modified to suit to local context. Data were entered, cleaned and analyzed in statistical package for the social sciences SPSS version 22. Chi-square test and Spearman rank correlation coefficient were used to analyze the data.
 Results: Findings revealed that the overall satisfaction among majority (59.9%) of the respondents was low. However, domain wise, almost all (94.6%) respondents were satisfied in medical care followed by 89.2% in nursing care and lowest proportion (42.5%) was satisfied with hospital services and accommodation. Parental overall satisfaction was significantly higher among those admitted in surgical unit (p = 0.00) and among those with days of hospitalization as more than 6 days (p = 0.01). Findings also showed a moderate correlation between the satisfaction with nursing care and medical care (r = 0.64).
Conclusions: Parents tend to have low satisfaction with the care provided to the admitted children whereas domain wise satisfaction is high in medical and nursing care and low in hospital services. Therefore, in order to increases the parental satisfaction, more focus should be given to improve the quality of hospital services and accommodation.


Summary

This paper reviews the history of financial reporting by corporate groups in Australia, and in particular, the States of New South Wales and Victoria. Changes in Statutory and Stock Exchange rules governing consolidated reporting are described and the financial reporting practices of Australian holding companies between 1930 and 1962 are surveyed. The evidence indicates that (a) while the practice was not widespread, some Australian holding companies supplemented their financial statements with consolidated financial statements prior to the incorporation of such a requirement in either legislation or Stock Exchange listing requirements; (b) the influence of Stock Exchanges on the evolution of this practice is somewhat less than that previously attributed to it; and (c) the rapid spread of this form of reporting in an essentially unregulated environment (N.S. W.) coincided with the development of a market for public debt securities.


IntroductionThe modern world is a civilization of cities. The development of society, technology, culture, wealth, and new knowledge are today the primary functions of cities but not of other socio-territorial formations. Cities are now centers of freight logistics, information, and social streams. Therefore, the fullness of city life -- especially if we speak about a large city with multiple events and a large number of alternatives for work, leisure, education, sources of information, services, and other benefits (Kogan, 1990) -- makes this type of settlement the most attractive location for many groups of people. This attraction is also evidenced by the population growth of large Russian cities (including as a result of internal migration) and the sparser rural population (Volkova, Sokolov, & Terentyev, 2015).The development of modern cities depends on their human resources -- that is to say, on their populations. Therefore, to attract and retain in the city the "creative class" -- young people -- the city has to create conditions for its future development. To this end, many cities have implemented targeted programs of social support for young people and the formation of specific conditions of the urban environment conducive to the maximum fulfillment of the capacity of their young residents. Thus, in the strategic development plan of the municipality of Ekaterinburg (Strategic development plan of Ekaterinburg through 2020, 2010), one of the priorities is the development of conditions for active self-determination and self-realization of young people as the carriers of innovation. However, the socioeconomic-development strategy for Moscow (Strategy for the socio-economic development of Moscow through 2025, 2012) emphasizes that one of the major challenges will be the reduction of the population of 20-35 year-olds by a third; as a result, Moscow will become a city with a strongly deformed age structure. In connection with these trends special attention in the development strategy of Moscow is paid to the mechanisms for creating special conditions to attract the people necessary for a megalopolis: representatives of "the creative class," highly qualified specialists, as well as active, talented youth.A significant proportion of young people migrate actively inside the country. For example, more than 70% of high school graduates from small settlements moved to the Central federal region. And, in 2013, 114,347 people from rural settlements arrived in the cities of the Ural federal region; of them 39,754 people were from other regions of the Russian Federation and 74,593 migrated inside the Ural federal region[1] (Migration inside Russia by the territories of arrival and departure, 2014).141The experience of living in certain places affects the perceptions and environmental preferences of people. They may prefer or look for what they are accustomed to (Hauge, 2007). When they transfer their residence experience in other areas to the urban environment, certain risks of pseudourbanization are created. But also arriving in cities are young people with increasing experience of interaction within an urban community; they are changing themselves more and more, and the city and its way of life have already become for them a measure for evaluating environmental living conditions. The acquired experience of life in a city creates the individual stories of young people as citizens who identify themselves with the city. Identity with place is formed through a combination of human-ascribed meanings and values of a particular location (for example, a city) and various features (Lalli, 1992). Thus the urban environment becomes for young people a place of opportunities for self-realization. This process takes place with a background of the risks of urban life, and the goals that young people set reflect their need-motivational bases of personality.A city concentrates opportunities, but young people are quite aware of the obvious disadvantages of the artificial, highly dynamic environment of a city (Kruzhkova, 2014); this environment runs counter to the natural conformity built up for thousands of years by the rural way of life that was typical for the majority of the population of Russia one hundred years ago (Bondyreva & Kolesov, 2004). …


Elman's simple recurrent network is subjected to systematic empirical analysis. The principal results are that the network, when applied to the prediction task, is: surprisingly robust to variations of its operational parameters over large ranges of values; dependent on the presence of structure in the temporal sequences, to the point where the context memory hinders the network's learning in totally unstructured domains; and specialized strategies excepted, i.e., incapable of retaining information across embedded inputs exceeding lengths of 2 or 3 tokens.<<ETX>>


A hidden Markov model (HMM) comprises a state with Markovian dynamics that is hidden in the sense that it can only be observed via a noisy sensor. This thesis considers three themes in relation to ...


Image filtering algorithms are applied on images to remove the different types of noise that are either present in the image during capturing or injected into the image during transmission. This paper deals with Performance Comparison of Median and Wiener Filters in Image de-noising for Gaussian noise, Salt & Pepper noise and Speckle noise.


A PURPOSE of the epidemiologic method is to examine the occurrence and distribution of disease states among populations in an attempt to produce information useful in prevention. That professional liability is a "disease" which affects the practice of medicine and warrants effort on the part of the profession to minimize its occurrence is generally agreed. Yet it is surprising how little really is known about the true incidence of this "disease" and the factors which are associated with its occurrence and distribution. The situation today is not much changed from a quarter century ago when Hubert Winston Smith stated: Much is heard and said about the peril of malpractice claims, but there is a definite lack of accurate information by which one might appraise the reality and the size of the hazard.1 In an attempt to provide accurate information, Professor Smith reviewed all the appeals cases reported from 1794,


The paper describes an approach to the development of the trajectory control for a mobile robot in presence of bounded unmeasurable disturbance without velocity measuring. Desired trajectory of motion is represented by smooth implicit function. Trajectory control problem is posed as a problem of maintaining the holonomic relationships between the system outputs. Control laws is synthesized using the differential geometrical method through non-linear transformation of initial dynamic model. The main results presented are the non-linear control algorithms and experimental approbation result.


In view of gathering botanic and also other useful data, different prospective, field studies, and survey have been organized and carried out in the hinterland of Kikwit City, within an area of about 15 to 45 km square. A well prepared survey questionnaire was given to respondents and from their answers the study has been able to identify and make an inventory of mushrooms consumed by people from the hinterland communities and Kikwit City dwellers. From obtained results, it is noted that 74 kinds of mushrooms are part and parcel of the consumers' daily diet. The analysis of these gathered data reveals the prominence of Marasmiaceae, Cantharellaceae, Lyophyllaceae and Polyporaceae, types of Marasmius, Termitomyces, Cantharellus, Lentinus et Auricularia are the most common mushrooms sold in markets. The analysis on ecological aspects indicates that a wider majority of this species, inhabit the forests. Mushrooms are hygrophytes growing either on trees or on the ground under the trees. In all cases, these are seasonal resources whose periods of productivity require thorough observations. Our survey reveals that the people in the region under study are in majority mushroom consumers. Species of Auricularia, Termitomyces et Schizophyllum's types have a huge economic impact nationwide and a strong commercial potentiality. 69 % of mushrooms are relatively appreciated on the nutritional and organic minerals point of view; among the most delicious we have the Termitomyces spp., Cokeina spp., Clitocybe spp., Marasmius buzungolo Singer, Marasmiellus inoderma (Berk.) Singer, Volvariella volvacea (Bull.) Singer, and also types of Polyporaceae. These mushrooms have a high rate nutritional value. The gathering and selling of these non wood forest products remain the sole activities providing food, work and income for this poor people. They are better alternatives for the guarantee of people's food security.


Pharmacy associations offered a range of comments after the Supreme Court ruling that upheld key elements of the Affordable Care Act


This article uses institutional resilience theory to explain how Taiwan's constitutional system absorbs the impact of major governance challenges. The article chooses a major disaster that occurred in recent years in Taiwan, the 921 earthquake, to discuss how a constitutional system operations is reflected in the arrangements, flexibility, and corresponding mechanisms of the governance process. This article argues that as one of Taiwan's most serious recent natural disasters, the 921earthquake reflected the adaptability of institutions in the disaster relief process, from its early stage of initial confusion to the central government's slow gaining of control over the operational orbit and seeking of cooperation with local governments and the private sector. However, at the same time, the fact that social forces could play an important role in the governance process, even obtaining a position of active participation in political decision-making and establishing public-private cooperation, is related to the failure of the central government command system to effectively empower local governments.


Collective cell migration is a fundamental process, occurring during embryogenesis and cancer metastasis. Neural crest cells exhibit such coordinated migration, where aberrant motion can lead to fatality or dysfunction of the embryo. Migration involves at least two complementary mechanisms: contact inhibition of locomotion (a repulsive interaction corresponding to a directional change of migration upon contact with a reciprocating cell), and co-attraction (a mutual chemoattraction mechanism). The thesis explores three different types of models to understand collective cell migration of the neural crest cells. Chapter 2 provides a review of the current literature. Chapter 3 presents the experimental data that are used to develop the models and Chapters 4, 5 and 6 explore three different modelling approaches. In Chapter 6, a parameterized discrete element model of neural crest cells is employed to investigate how the mechanisms of contact inhibition of locomotion and co-attraction contribute to long-range directional migration during development. Motion is characterized using a coherence parameter and the time taken to reach, collectively, a target location. The simulated cell group is shown to switch from a diffusive to a persistent state as the response-rate to co-attraction is increased. Furthermore, the model predicts that when co-attraction is inhibited, neural crest cells can migrate into restrictive regions. This suggests that the interplay between the complementary mechanisms may contribute to guidance of the neural crest. Directional migration is a system property and does not require action of external chemoattractants. The results of the thesis suggest that the cranial neural crest cells could acheive collective cell migration by self-organisation that is caused by aggregation.


Packaging for animal food comprising a three-layer film, sheet by an aluminum foil, which is coated on the face in contact with the animal feed with chlorinated polypropylene on the opposite side, with poly (being composed terephthalate). characterized packaging because the thickness of the three-layer film is between 20 microm and 200 microm, especially between 40 microm and 100 microm, whereby the coating with poly (ethylene terephthalate) having a thickness of between 4 microm and 40 microm, especially 8 microm and 20 microm, aluminum foil, a thickness of 3 microm and 30 microm, especially between 6 microm and 15 microm and coating with chlorinated polypropylene, a thickness of 13 microM and 130 microM, especially between 26 microm and 65 microm.


In this paper ongoing research in the CEC supported BRITE/EURAM project P3091 is presented. In the project reliability based expert systems for inspection and maintenance of corroded reinforced concrete bridges are produced. The expert system BRIDGE1 provides support at the site of the bridge while BRIDGE2 is used in the office where future optimal inspection strategies are planned.


Continuous-wave frequency comb Fourier transform sources utilize interference of frequency combs to measure spectra. Spectra obtained with this approach are in agreement with results from traditional spectrometers. The sources contain no moving parts.


This study employs the momentum threshold error-correction model with generalized autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity to investigate asymmetric cointegration and causal relationships between West Texas Intermediate Crude Oil and gold prices in the futures market. The paper examines data from May 1, 1994 to November 20, 2008. The empirical results show that an asymmetric long-run adjustment exists between gold and oil. Furthermore, the causality relationship shows that West Texas Intermediate Crude Oil plays a dominant role. The findings should prove valuable to individual investors and financial institutions who can use the findings here to gold prices based on oil prices.


This paper presents a finite element solution algorithm for solving the turbulent heat transfer and fluid flow on three-dimensional industrial mold-filling problems. The problems of interest present unusual challenges for both the physical modeling and the solution algorithm. The heat transfer on high Reynolds number transient turbulent flow with free surfaces has to be computed on complex 3D geometries. In this work a segregated algorithm is used to solve the Navier-Stokes, energy, turbulence and front tracking equations. The Streamline Upwind Petrov-Galerkin method is used to obtain stable solutions to convection dominated problems. Turbulence is modeled using a one-equation turbulence model and the k-ϵ two-equation model with wall functions. Turbulence equations are solved for the natural logarithm of the turbulence variables. The change of dependent variables allows for good predictions even on coarse meshes. The forced heat transfer in the cavity partly filled with fluid and partly filled with air is coupled with the solution of the conduction equation in the mold. The position of the flow front in the mold cavity is computed using a level set approach. Finally, equations are integrated in time using second order accurate schemes. The methodology presents the robustness and cost effectiveness needed to tackle such complex industrial applications.


As we know that at the heart of Internet of Things (IoT) and Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN), is a communication between multiple sensor modules with a central node. These systems are employed in a various project like smart home automation, smart grid, smart lighting, etc. Connected multiple sensors requires long battery life with low power consumption and transfer of data should be real time. Bluetooth Low Energy(BLE) uses only three advertising channels which will reduce connection time (approx. <6mS) for devices to interconnect with each other, this will lead to lower power consumption. Main drawback of using BLE technology is lower throughput for multiple connections. We have gone thoroughly with different research papers and analyzed that throughput of a link depends on different parameters like number of devices connected to master node, scheduling of process at a master node and environment under which link is present. In this paper, we proposed a scheme by which we have increased throughput of multi-link scenario by scheduling process at a master node. We have used Round Robin (RR) scheduling algorithm to achieve the desired throughput. This algorithm has helped in achieving minimum throughput requirement on each BLE link.


The novels written by Gui Zi give us a vivid description of the suffering endured by the lowest rung.Proceeding from the writer's subject and the realistic world presented by the novels,this article tries to verify the object's influence to the subject and the subject's influence to the object,and interprets the artistic world constructed by the appropriate and profound narrative languages in the novels.


Cumene, p-cymene, and α-methylstyrene were pyrolyzed at 800 °C on Vycor glass. The products were separated by preparative g.l.p.c. and those identified were benzene, toluene, p-xylene, styrene, α-methyl-styrene, p-methylstyrene, indene, p,α-dimethylstyrene, naphthalene, 1- and 2-methylnaphthalene, di-phenyl, 2-vinylnaphthalene, acenaphthalene, fluorene, and phenanthrene. Possible mechanisms for the formation of these compounds are discussed.


One important privacy principle is that an individual has the freedom to decide his/her own privacy preferences, which should be taken into account when data holders release their privacy preserving micro data. Nevertheless, current related k-anonymity model research focuses on protecting individual private information by using pre-defined constraint parameters specified by data holders. This paper introduces a personalized (alpha, k) model by introducing a vector for describing individual personalized privacy requirements corresponding to each value in the domain of sensitive attributes by data respondents, and propose an efficiency anonymization algorithm which combines the top down specialization for quasi-identifier anonymization and the local recoding technique for the sensitive attribute generalization based on its attribute taxonomy tree. Experimental results show that this approach can meet better personalized privacy requirements and keep the information loss low.


In this thesis we study the parameter dependent Hermitian quadratic eigenvalue problem (PEQP) given by \((\lambda^2(\mathbf p) M(\mathbf p)+\lambda(\mathbf p) C(\mathbf p) +K(\mathbf p)) x(\mathbf p)=0\), where \(\mathbf p \in \mathbb R^m\) is a vector of parameters. Through this thesis matrices \(M(\mathbf p),\, C(\mathbf p),\, K(\mathbf p)\in \mathbb R^n\) arise from corresponding (vibrational) mechanical system represented by \(M(\mathbf p)\ddot q(\mathbf p;t)+ C(\mathbf p)\dot q(\mathbf p;t)+K(\mathbf p) q(\mathbf p;t)=0\) and represent mass, damping, and stiffness, respectively. Usually matrices \(M(\mathbf p)\), \(K(\mathbf p)\) are Hermitian positive definite and \(C(\mathbf p)\) is Hermitian positive semidefinite matrix. After a brief introduction and problem formulation we give three approximation approaches for efficient computation of eigenpairs. These approaches preserve structure and allow computation of eigenpairs, for different sets of parameters, that is computationally efficient and at the same time they provide satisfactory relative accuracy. The first approach is based on dimension reduction, the second on first order approximation, while the third one uses modified Rayleigh quotient iterations for structured damping matrices. For the first and the third approach we need to linearize PQEP. Within the first approach we distinguish two very important cases. In the first case we consider efficient approximation for eigenvalues for the selected part of the undamped spectrum. In the second case, we consider efficient approximation of all eigenvalues. The first order approximation considered in second approach is based on Taylor's theorem and it is efficient for eigenvalue computation when the change in parameter is small enough. In the third approach we provide an efficient method of eigenvalue computation of the diagonal-plus-rank-one matrices (DPR1), and show how one can apply this method on corresponding linearized eigenvalue problem, by exploiting the structure of the damping matrix. Numerical experiments confirm efficiency and accuracy of these approaches. Further on, we use obtained first order approximation bounds for efficient estimations of the gap functions that appear in different perturbation bounds for the quadratic eigenvalue problem. These estimations of the gap functions are based on removing perturbed quantities from them. Accuracy and efficiency of these estimations are given in numerical examples. Last we focus on damping optimization. Two different optimization criteria are considered: minimization of total average energy, and frequency isolation, which will determine the damping matrix which ensures vibration decay is as fast as possible. While dealing with the minimization of total average energy we provide an approximation of the solution of the structured Lyapunov equation, which can be efficiently computed. Frequency isolation is eigenvalue based criterion so we use obtained eigenvalue approximations to determine the optimal damping, while the areas from which we isolate the frequencies are ellipses with centers on the imaginary axis. Both approaches are illustrated on numerical examples.


Canada attaches great importance to scientific and technological innovation in environmental protection and sustainable development. In the whole federation of Canada an innovative atmosphere of "government leading,enterprise dominant and national supporting" is created. There is prominent characteristic that Canadian science and technology innovation supports the development of environmental industry,and environmental industry promotes environmental protection and sustainable development. All these deserve us studying. As for the scientific and technological innovation of environmental protection and sustainable development in China,we have such problems as lack of innovation capability,being weak in the cooperation between industries,universities and research Institutes,incapable industrialization,etc. In this paper,through comparing the differences between China and Canada,it discusses the countermeasures of implementing scientific and technological innovation of environmental protection and sustainable development in China; that is,the government should play a key role of guiding,perfecting the environmental law and policy,and consummating the system of environmental criterion and environmental technology management. The government and the enterprise should increase the scientific research investment. Marketization investment system under government regulation and industrialization development of environmental science and technology should be established. Some key fields should be developed firstly and bottleneck of industries should be broken through. Cooperative innovation,which is established between the departments and the research institutes,and international cooperation,should be emphasized.


AbstractIn the framework of recycling techniques employed in maintenance and rehabilitation projects for the road industry, cement bitumen–treated materials (CBTMs) provide good performance as well...


The analysis of effectiveness of well known voters in N-version reservation (programming) is carried out. New voters based on fuzzy logic and neural networks are introduced. The comparative analysis of existed and new voters is carried out. The area of application for each voter is discussed.


BACKGROUND/AIMS
There have been several reports of thermal injury induced by argon plasma coagulation (APC) in animal models, but no follow-up studies have revealed the actual thermal injury.

METHODS
APC was performed on the stomachs of two living minipigs with and without prior submucosal injection of normal saline. The power and argon gas flow were set to 60 watts and 2 L/min, respectively, and pulse durations of 5, 10, and 20 seconds were used. One of the minipigs was killed immediately thereafter and the other was killed 1 week later.

RESULTS
The minipig killed immediately showed only subtle differences between noninjected and injected injuries under all the conditions, and the usefulness of prior submucosal injection was not obvious. However, the minipig killed 1 week later had a deep ulcer extending to the deeper muscle layer at the noninjected site where APC had been applied for 20 seconds, whereas tissue injury of the injected site was limited to the submucosal layer.

CONCLUSIONS
Unexpected tissue damage can occur even using a short-duration APC. Prior submucosal injection for APC might be a safer alternative technique, especially in a thinner and narrower gut wall.


This paper proposes an experimental protocol that aims to evaluate in a strictly comparable context tactile and tangible modalities for a virtual environment exploration on tablet. We propose four modalities: tactile interaction with sticks, classic tactile interaction, tangible interaction with a 1:2.5 scale factor and tangible interaction with a 1:5 scale factor. We hypothesize that the tangible interactions will provide users a better spatial representation of the virtual environment, with however, a difference depending on the scale factor. Moreover we interest on the subjective evaluation (usability and acceptability) of these modalities.


Two theories of special relativity with an additional invariant scale, "doubly special relativity" (DSR), are tested with calculations of particle process kinematics. Using the Judes-Visser modified conservation laws, thresholds are studied in both theories. In contrast to some linear approximations, which allow for particle processes forbidden in special relativity, both the Amelino-Camelia and Maguejo-Smolin frameworks allow no additional processes. To first order, the Amelino-Camelia framework thresholds are lowered and the Maguejo-Smolin framework thresholds may be raised or lowered.


Fluctuation of Air 1891 - Geografie-Sbornfk pp. 13 - 30 (1997). - Air temperature series ofth ree weather stations in Brno from different parts of the period 1891 - 1995 were homoge nized with the use of Maronna-Yohai and Alexandersson tests. Temperature series of the stations Vienna-Hohe Warte and Hurbanovo were used as reference homogeneous ones. One compiled air temperature series was made for Brno in the above mentioned period from the homogenized series. Long-term changes and periodicity of monthly, seasonal, and an nual values of air temperature were examined (smoothing with the Gaussian filter, linear trend, autocorrelation analysis and spectral analysis Blackman and Tukey). The analyses confirmed warming trends in all months ranging from 0.04 (October) to 0.15 (August) ·C per 10 years.


In spatially random sensor networks, estimating the Euclidean distance covered by a packet in a given number of hops carries a high importance for various other methods such as localization and distance estimations. The inaccuracies in such estimations motivate this study on the distribution of the Euclidean distance covered by a packet in spatially random sensor networks in a given number of hops. Although a closed-form expression of distance distribution cannot be obtained, highly accurate approximations are derived for this distribution in one dimensional spatially random sensor networks. Using statistical measures and numerical examples, it is also shown that the presented distribution approximation yields very high accuracy even for small number of hops. A discussion on how these principles can be extended to the analysis of the same problem in two dimensional networks is also provided.


WT5",6BZ]Statistics and analyses were made in these respects on the basis of the following:1) China Statistical Yearbook,2) Statistical Yearbook of Zhejiang,3) The Statistics and Analyses of Chinese Theses of Science and Technology (Annul study Report) from 1988 to 1998. The result showed that The personnel number of natural scientific and technical in Zhejiang Province was 603 934,among which 84 062 were scientists and engineers. There were only 135 personnel of science and technology and 19 scientists every 10 000 people. The annul publications in the Chinese publications by the personnel of science and technology from Zhejiang Province were 3 817, listing between 9~11 places in China. There were 554 theses published in the foreign publications, among which 234 theses were SCI listed, also listing between 9~11 places in China. Every 10 000 personnel of science and technology, 82 theses were published, listing 7 in China (The average number was 64). The theses from Colleges and Universities accounted for 59.25%, most of which were delivered by New Zhejiang University (United from the original Zhejiang University, Zhejiang Medical University, Zhejiang Agricultural University and Hangzhou University).The original Zhejiang University listed between 5~6 places in the previous years of publications among 1022 Colleges and Universities in China. From the publications and the composition of personnel of science and technology, it could be concluded that Zhejiang Province enjoy the strong potential, encouragement should be made to urge them to publish their theses.


It is an unwritten law of historical scholarship that major narratives and accepted notions should be periodically reassessed, often deflated and, when necessary, eventually jettisoned. A search for new evidence then starts, until a revised narrative replaces the old one. In the process, however, several bits of the traditional picture are left in place unwittingly. Historical criticism will mostly aim at the main target: once the king has been killed, there is little need or wish to go for the pawns. The study of the beginnings of Buddhism in China, that fateful cultural encounter, has been no exception. We no longer believe that it all began with the dream and embassy of Emperor Ming 明帝 of the Han dynasty – not since Henri Maspero, back in 1910, showed us that this story bears all the traits of a pious legend.1 We are also prepared to understand Han Buddhism as a composite phenomenon, duly distinguishing between the hybrid cults of the court, the canonical tradition of the great 2 century translators, and the apparently haphazard borrowing of Buddhist elements in early funerary iconography. Yet many of us are still prone to imagine some kind of Buddhist "mission" behind all this. It may not have been the solemn inception that we read about in the lives of eminent monks, but some penetration of foreign clerics must have taken place off-camera to account especially for the spreading of Buddhist ideas and images. These will have interacted with Chinese beliefs and imagery in a number of ways, whose reconstruction is now largely the task of the archaeologist and the art historian. In the background, literary evidence seems to have had its day. Current scholarship on Han Buddhism usually pays lip service to what little factual information we can grasp from it – that there was some Buddhism going on in Pengcheng 彭城 around 65 CE, and a monastic community in Luoyang 洛陽 one century later – then swiftly moves on to explore new things. But what do we know, really? Are we sure that our understanding of the old written sources is conclusive, which means both philologically accurate and analytically thorough? Did we draw all the connections, collate all the variants, did we explore all the alternatives?


In cages containing 400 or 600 flies (sex ratio approximately 1:1), less than 33% of females laid in each of the first 3 to 5 generations following laboratory colonization from the field. Thereafter, egg production rose sharply. However, by generation 19 in one culture and 13 in another it still fell short of that of long‐established colonies, in which almost all females laid under the same conditions.


The two-fermion-loop contribution to the axial anomaly and the Schwinger terms in the massive Thirring model are calculated. Two kinds of regularization schemes are applied: one uses the Fierz transformation and the other does not. The two methods give different results for the axial anomaly, but they give the same result for the Schwinger terms. The relation between the massive Thirring model and the bosonization in the path integral is briefly discussed.


This paper forecast the electric load of the mass electric cars connected to the electric grid in charging and discharging; considered the inventory forecast of electric vehicles; comprehensive analyzed the charge and discharge characteristics of the electric cars' charging infrastructures and the impact factors such as users' behaviors as well as the using frequency, which lead to different load distribution at different times. It calculated the total load of electric vehicles into the load curve and the load curve of the characteristics under different regions (industrial, commercial and residential). Concludes that the mass electric cars connected to the electricity grid will increase the peak load of power grid, and lay the foundation for the subsequent market management and optimization control.


We report electroabsorption measurements of built-in electric fields and internal photoemission measurements of Schottky barriers to determine the charge transfer and single-particle energy gaps of the conjugated polymer poly[2-methoxy, 5-(2{prime}-ethyl-hexyloxy)-1,4-phenylene vinylene] (MEH-PPV). For MEH-PPV, with an exciton absorption peak of 2.25 eV, our results yield a single-particle energy gap of 2.45 eV and a charge transfer energy gap of at least 2.35 eV. Therefore, the exciton binding energy is 0.2 eV and the bipolaron binding energy is less than 0.1 eV. {copyright} {ital 1996 The American Physical Society.}


In this work, the application of Neural Networks (NNs) and Machine Learning (ML) algorithms within the trajectory generation framework is presented. The main objective is to demonstrate that the trajectory of an end-effector of a multilink robotic system can be obtained by generating a path via the Bézier curve, imposing a finite jerk constraint, and using NN and ML algorithms to obtain the Constant Screw Axis (CSA) trajectory closest to the chosen path. These constraints are of importance because the former forces the jerk to be finite throughout the motion of an end-effector, which reduces the vibrations within the robotic arm or any other manipulator, and the latter smooths the trajectory in Special Euclidean (SE(3)) space. First, a Bézier curve is chosen to define the path that an end-effector should follow. Subsequently, the finite jerk constraint is imposed. Lastly, NN and ML algorithms are used to obtain the closest CSA trajectory to the desired path. Since there are multiple CSA trajectories satisfying the initial configuration and final position, NN and ML algorithms are employed to minimize the Euclidean distance between the desired path (Bézier curve) and the actual obtained CSA trajectory.


The purpose of this paper is to examine critically the different influences of open/closed innovation on employees' performance.,The paper takes into account the different influence of open and closed innovation on the performance of employees. Some previous literature was reviewed and the quantitative method used a structured questionnaire to collect primary data from participants.,The results indicated that open innovation was more influential on the performance of employees than closed innovation. It also appeared that the case study organization uses the open innovation approach in the investments department to attract more clients and investments and thus increase its benefits.,The paper presents a critical account of differences in the influence on employees' performance between open and closed innovation; it also takes into account the pros and cons of both aspects and their influence on the overall performance of the organization, putting into perspective the recommendations for the best approach to guarantee a good orientation within the internal environment of the organization. Finally, it helps in understanding the best approach to attract talent and creativity to the organization.,It is expected that the current research will offer guidance to organizations in Jordan to draw up plans for effective management of innovative approaches both internally and externally. It highlights the practice of open innovation and its role in attracting talent to the organization, to boost employees' performance.


"A detailed analysis of the Takahashi et al. (1995) laboratory setup indicated that the riming of ice spheres occurred in still air, which resulted in more lumpy and fragile rime compared to that formed in free-falling graupel.The collisional kinetic energy and the surface area of collision of the 2 cm diameter ice spheres also significantly exceed the kinetic energy and collision area of graupel whose typical size is a few millimeters. Altogether, it may result in overestimation of the rate of SIP, compared to graupel formed in natural clouds. ...No parameterizations of SIP due to ice–ice collisional fragmentation can be developed at that stage based on two laboratory observations [both studies by Takahashi et al. and Vardiman], whose results are conflicting with each other" (sentence B).


Abstract In this work there is presented a general theory of order parameters in liquid crystals beyond the homogeneous molecular field approximation, inclusive a new formula for Cv , and discussed in relation with Monte-Carlo based theories. There is shown that those two theoretical schemes are to some extend complementary. Numerical results for the temperature dependences of the average order parameter, "local order parameters" of individual molecules and Cv of a nematic with several different degrees of disorder are also deliberated. The theory is then applied to the case of molecules of dyes in a nematic host in which the order parameter of the dye differs considerably relative to the order parameters of the host. Numerical results are given for several arrangements of the liquid crystal structure and discussed in relations with published experimental data. It is shown that by such an analysis there can be gained new information about the interatomic potentials.