The educational reproduction of elite masculinity in postcolonial societies has not been properly studied. This is partly because the postcolonial masculinities of non-western elites are accomplished through the cultivation of naturalized practices signifying the body politic of the nation-state. In Singapore, same-sex elite schools of colonial heritage, particularly Christian mission schools, play a central role in cultivating elite masculinity. Focusing on the elite Anglo-Chinese School, I analyze the array of class and racial anxieties displaced by the schooling of imperial white masculinity unto the decolonized field producing a middle-class Chineseness primed for the leadership of men. I also show that the masculinity is being transformed into a cosmopolitan masculinity co-opting maternal femininity, as the elites turn to engage neoliberal globalization. The case of Singapore shows the postcolonial adaptability of elite masculinities formed in the imperial era, achieved through the gender dynamics of resolving ethnic and class contradictions in elite schooling.


This paper is motivated by the existence of an imbalance in the understanding of the Sundanese students of the Indonesian Language Education Study Program FKIP UNPAS in understanding statements or expressions that use regional languages. In contrast to their speed at understanding statements expressed in a foreign language, or Indonesian. In addition, in everyday life there are still many people who cannot speak the local language, and even seem afraid to use it. Moreover, with the increasing number of foreign terms used in daily activities, as well as the intensity of globalized communication, it is increasingly adding to the scarcity of the use of the regional language. Of course this is very ironic, because many people, including students, do not understand their own regional language, while foreign languages or other second languages are very quickly understood. The low interest of local language students, as well as the existence of different thoughts and treatments on the use of regional languages, as well as the lack of student understanding of regional languages and cultures encourage writers to find a solution by utilizing existing conditions through learning local languages based on local wisdom by utilizing audio-visual media. . Therefore, the authors feel the need to improve their abilities and attitudes, especially the students towards their own regional language. In order to improve students' ability to understand the local language, the author tries to provide a learning of regional language skills by raising the culture or habits according to local wisdom in their respective regions.The study was conducted in the learning of regional languages with the aim of increasing the willingness and ability of students to preserve regional languages and cultures. The research method that the author uses is to use the experimental method. This method is used to test the effectiveness of using Audio-Visual Media in learning local languages by raising local wisdom. The research technique that the author uses is a test and questionnaire technique. The test is used to measure regional language skills productively (speaking and writing) by utilizing audio-visual media. While the questionnaire was used to determine the responses and attitudes of students towards learning and efforts to preserve local languages. By creating a creative and innovative learning, this research tries to provide a solution to answer the existing demands and needs. The results of this study are expected to be an effort in the preservation of regional languages, especially for students as the most important part in agents of change in the preservation of the regional language. With the packaging of regional language learning that elevates local wisdom through audio-visual media, it is hoped that students' love for the language and culture of their own region will be embedded. and international. For this reason, the author feels it is important to conduct this research as an effort to preserve the local language. Keywords: regional language, local culture, local wisdom, audio-visual media, willingness & ability.


Since the mid-1980s and especially after the early 1990s, women's organizations have increased exponentially throughout Africa as have the arenas in which women have been able to assert their varied concerns. Women are organizing locally and nationally and are networking across the continent on an unprecedented scale. They have in many countries been aggressively using the media to demand their rights in a way not evident in the early 1980s. In some countries they are taking their claims to land, inheritance and associational autonomy to court in ways not seen in the past. Women are challenging laws and constitutions that do not uphold gender equality. In addition, they are increasingly moving into government, legislative, party, NGO and other leadership positions previously the nearly exclusive domain of men. In these and other ways women have taken advantage of the new political openings that occurred in the 1990s, even if the openings were limited and precarious. This second generation of activism is markedly different from the earlier post-independence generation of women's mobilization. The reasons for these shifts are varied: the rise of multi-partyism and demise of military rule; the growing influence of the international women's movement; shifting donor strategies; the expansion of the use of the cell phone and the Internet in the late 1990s; coupled with a significant increase in secondary and university educated women. The article explores the major changes in women's mobilization in Africa by contrasting the current women's movements with those that emerged after independence.


In today's complex funding world, researchers, especially biomedical researchers, are looking toward solving societal problems using powerful new technologies. Exploring problems and questions not confined to a single discipline has set the environment to support collaborative approaches leading to interdisciplinary solutions (Drake and Donohue, 1996). Multidisciplinary teams have always provided unique opportunities for researchers across disciplines to communicate with one another (Gray, 1989). Interdisciplinary approaches set the stage for innovation by uniting together to create new tools, develop new disciplines and ultimately open new avenues of research.


While the challenges and the advance factors of implementation technology are emerging, there are still lack of ideal formal models and developing tools for mechanical experts to construct the controller software on control integration for the pipelining manufacturing modules. To meet the requirements, a novel part behavior modeling method has been proposed in this paper. The definitions of materials, parts, and coordinates for the model are given and the concept of two levels of modules is brought in. The level of mechanism modules is defined as the space of moveable objects track groups, while the level of policy modules is the space of workstations and stages applying customized policies. Since the physical effects of part behaviors are considered in this model, the invalid situations of physical events can be checked and avoided in the controlling actions. The controlled actions supplied by the dedicated devices are also able to be described in the part behavior model, which is benefit for mapping and composing controlling actions from controllers to match the granularity of dedicated interfaces of device controls. Finally, the design of the controller framework has been addressed based on the model.


BACKGROUND
The red sparkling wines are and innovative product for the oenology market, and oenologist are looking for technologies to improve their winemaking. The aim of the present paper was to use both carbonic maceration and pectolytic enzymes applied to premature grapes in the winemaking of the red sparkling wines. Both could modify the release of polyphenols, and improve the foaming, aroma and sensory properties of the red sparkling wines.

RESULTS
The red sparkling wines made with mature grapes showed the highest content of polyphenols, ethyl esters, alcohol acetates, total volatile acids and foam stability time. They were characterised by high foam collar and foam area, full-body, astringency, persistence, and olfactory intensity, and were the best valuated on global perception in the sensory analysis. The treatment with pectolytic enzymes was not effective with unripe grapes. These wines showed a high content of total ethyl esters and the highest content of lactones, producing wines with high olfactory intensity and fruity aromas. The red sparkling wines made by carbonic maceration showed the lowest content of total polyphenols, anthocyanins and proanthocyanidins, and high contents of C6 alcohols and total ethyl esters, and were characterised by vegetal aroma notes. Both treatments produced red sparkling wines with good foam characteristics.

CONCLUSIONS
The winemaking of red sparkling wines with premature grapes and pectinolytic enzymes or carbonic maceration did not achieve an improvement of their chemical and sensory quality. The use of mature grapes and traditional winemaking was the best option to elaborate red quality sparkling wines This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.


Abstract : The goal of this report is to identify Human System Integration (HSI) and automation issues that contribute to improved effectiveness and efficiency in the operation of U.S. military Small Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (SUAVs). HSI issues relevant to SUAV operations are reviewed and observations from field trials are summarized. Short-term improvements are suggested research issues are identified and an overview is provided of automation technologies applicable to future SUAV design.


In these brief but thoughtful essays, the reader comes into contact not only with sheriff, justice, and constable but also the people with whom they dealt. With them he goes to the assizes, joins the justice and the constable in carrying out the king's justice, and works with the churchwardens on the problem of relief for the poor. With them he visits legal and illegal alehouses, prevents violence before it happens, and carries out a myriad of duties. Of special interest is the connection of the high constable with wages and that of the churchwarden with nonreligious activities. Professor Notestein has presented a panoramic view of the busy, lusty English officialdom about which he writes.


There are several screening test for recognizing high risk groups for Type-II diabetes mellitus, which are mostly invasive and costly. But from many days research on fingerprint pattern are going on to prove it relationship with type-II diabetes mellitus. Our study aiming to find out the association of fingerprint pattern with type-II diabetes mellitus. Fingerprint pattern of 100 diagnosed type II diabetes mellitus patients (72 male and 28 female) were studied and compared with 100 normal individual (76 male and 24 female) not suffering from diabetes mellitus. Cases and controls were taken from medicine OPD of North Bengal Medical College in the period of 1st November 2013 to 12th December 2013.


In the paper,a new watermark algorithm based on ridgelet transformation is put forward.According to paper \,the watermark is embedded into the coefficients of some subband.A correlation detector is used in the watermark detection process and the original image is not required,which gets to blind detection.Experimental results have shown that the watermark is invisible and robust to some kinds of distortions.


Abstract Communicative self-efficacy serves as an important link between discussing controversial issues and civic engagement because confidence in one's discourse skills is important to managing conflicting perspectives and developing solutions to community-based problems. Freely available to schools, Word Generation is a cross-content literacy program that supports teachers in the four main content areas—ELA, social studies, science, and math—to embed learning of controversial issues through classroom discussions, subject-specific lessons, and writing. Middle school students (N = 5,870) from diverse backgrounds participated in a randomized study of the intervention that was conducted in 12 middle schools located in an urban school district. We analyzed survey data based on students' self-reported ratings on their communicative self-efficacy, as indicated by confidence to participate in discussions of 15 different controversial issues related to politics, society, and science. Paired sample t-tests indicate that treatment students reported higher communicative self-efficacy than control students on a set of topics immediately covered prior to testing, but not on the set of topics covered in the previous year. This study informs curriculum developers, policy makers, and educators to consider the importance of incorporating classroom discussions of controversial issues within a framework of subject-specific instruction.


Phosphostrontium carbonate hydroxyapatites having the general formula Sr10(PO4)6(OH)(2-2x)(CO3)x were prepared by solid gas reaction at different temperatures in the range 0 ≤ x ≤ 1. Infrared spectroscopy investigation reveals a carbonate groups substituting hydroxyl ions. Intensity bands increasing with the carbonate amount introduced in the lattice, while the one corresponding to hydroxyl decreases until disappearance. The Rietveld refinement of the structural model using X-ray powder diffraction patterns is used to determine the substitution rate. It was quantified by the refinement of the occupancy sites affected by the substitution. The crystallographic study shows the evolution of the atomic coordinate in the apatite due to the carbonate incorporation. The variation of the main interatomic distances and the bond angles was also discussed.


Trophic specialization among predators may be the driving force
behind the evolution of specific adaptations, especially if the
prey is dangerous. The prey of araneophagous spiders (i.e.
spiders hunting other spiders) is dangerous because it possess
weapons such as venom and silk. Therefore araneophagous
specialists have evolved many adaptations, which allow hunting
such a prey. The aim of this study was to explore trophic niche
and selected aspects of predation of araneophagous specialist
Lampona murina in comparison with related generalist Drassodes
lapidosus. L. murina had narrow trophic niche with dominance of
spider prey, while the niche of D. lapidosus was wide. L.
murina also captured spiders bigger than itself with higher
success. Comparison of paralysis latency of two prey types
(spider and cricket) revealed the venom of L. murina was more
effective for both prey types than the venom of D. lapidosus.
Investigation of hunting strategy showed L. murina relied on
grasping a prey with two pairs of legs possessing dense hair,
so called scopulae. D. lapidosus immobilized a prey with a
silk. The results indicate L. murina possess adaptations – such
as effective venom, specific hunting strategy and hardened
cuticle – analogical to adaptations of non-related araneophagic
spiders. These adaptations increase the effectivity of hunting
the spider prey.


Based on a brief introduction to the development of the Self-organ i zed Educational Mechanism theory (SOEM) and a comparative study of the education al mechanims at home and abroad, this paper points out that the SOME contributes much to the development of students' creative thinking, and initiates a discuss ion of he relationship between the Self-Organized Computer Assisted Instruction (SOCAI) and the simulated self-organized experiment instruction, preceded by a comparison between SOCAI and the traditional CAI.


While the notion of risk remains under-theorised in moral philosophy, risk aversion and moralist self-protection appear as dominant cultural tendencies saturating educational orientation and practice. Philosophy of education has responded to the educational emphasis on risk management by exposing the unavoidable and positive presence of risk in any endeavour to learn and teach. Taking such responses into account, I discuss how the theoretical connection of risk and education could be radicalised through an ethical approach combined with epistemological and existential concerns. My aim is to propose an ethics that is sensitive to the difference between risks taken and risks imposed and to the cultural variations of what counts as danger. Finally, I explain how the educational relevance of such an ethics requires a prior questioning of the western understanding of self and world that has functioned as a subtext of the dominant view of risk.


The topic of hope is currently not very much studied in the social sciences; and this means that the emerging discussion of economy and hope, in sociology and elsewhere, may still benefit from a general discussion of hope. This paper points to some useful reflections on hope that can be found in the religious and philosophical literature. It also attempts to summarize what the social sciences have said so far about hope, especially economics, sociology and anthropology. In the general and concluding section of the paper it is suggested that it is important to approach hope from a perspective which is such that it opens up this topic to the social sciences. One that has this quality is the following: hope is a wish for something to come true. There are three elements to this description of hope: (1) the wish, (2) its focus on something specific, (3) and that the wish comes true. Elements (2) and (3) have direct links to the social world and therefore present entries for the social sciences. What you wish for depends on society, and so does the attempt to make a wish be realized. The consequences of these ideas for the sociological study of hope and the economy are briefly explored. 2


Antibodies are extensively used in research for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes because of their unrivaled specificity and biomarker binding strengths. Currently, monoclonal antibodies are most commonly used because of their production consistency and purity. However, there are significant ethical and economic challenges associated with producing monoclonal antibodies. Synthetic antibodies provide a promising alternative to monoclonal antibodies in both clinical and research applications. Our proposed synthetic antibody system incorporates 3,4-dihydroxy-l-phenylalanine (L-DOPA), an unnatural amino acid used to increase binding affinity, into a peptide sequence specific for the prostate specific antigen (PSA), a biomarker for prostate cancer. This addition is predicted to give the synthetic antibody binding affinity and PSA specificity comparable to existing monoclonal antibodies while avoiding their drawbacks. If successful, our system would replace monoclonal antibodies for PSA detection as well as be a promising model for developing countless other synthetic antibodies.


The localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) properties are numerically analyzed using finite-difference time domain (FDTD) method, which is a reliable technique in solving Maxwell's equations in dispersive medium. Optical properties and LSPR characteristics were analyzed with Titanium Nitride (TiN) as an adhesion layer at gold(Au)/silver(Ag) interface. The reflection spectra of bimetallic layer nano-holes was compared with various metallic layer thicknesses of Au and Ag, hole radii and lattice period. When compared between single and bimetallic Ag/TiN/Au nano-hole layers, it showed that the layer with 70nmthick Ag/5nm-thick TiN/50nm-thick Au (Ag70/TiN5/Au50) gave greater LSPR-based sensor performance with narrower plasmonic line width and better full width at half maximum (FWHM). Change in geometrical parameters such as lattice period and hole radii was affected the sensitivity and detection accuracy of Ag70/TiN5/Au50 nano-hole layer; which maximum of 90.9% reflection intensity and minimum of 18nm FWHM were obtained. As for application purpose, simulation of Ag70/TiN5/Au50 LSPR based sensor with 80nm nano-hole radii and 400nm periodicity to detect alcohol in water is also demonstrated. Keywords-component; localized surface plasmon resonance, finite-difference time domain, single nano-hole layer, TiN adhesion layer, bimetallic,alcohol


As the use of machine learning continues to grow in prominence, so does the need for increased knowledge of the threats posed by artificial intelligence. Now more than ever, people are worried about poison attacks, one of the many AI-generated dangers that have already been made public. To fool a classifier during testing, an attacker may "poison" it by altering a portion of the dataset it utilised for training. The poison-resistance strategy presented in this article is novel. The approach uses a recently developed basic called the keyed nonlinear probability test to determine whether or not the training input is consistent with a previously learnt Ddistribution when the odds are stacked against the model. We use an adversary-unknown secret key in our operation. Since the caveats are kept hidden, an adversary cannot use them to fool a keyed nonparametric normality test into concluding that a (substantially) modified dataset really originates from the designated dataset (D).


Results of an experimental investigation of heat transfer and flow friction of a generalized power-law fluid in tape generated swirl flow inside a 25.0 mm i.d. circular tube, are presented. In order to reduce excessive pressure drops associated with full width twisted tapes, with less corresponding reduction in heat transfer coefficients, reduced width twisted tapes of widths ranging from 11.0 to 23.8 mm, which are lower than the tube inside diameter are used. Reduced width twisted tape inserts give 18%--56% lower isothermal friction factors than the full width tapes. Uniform wall temperature Nusselt numbers decrease only slightly by 5%--25%, for tape widths of 19.7 and 11.0 mm, respectively. Based on the constant pumping power criterion, the tapes of width 19.7 mm perform more or less like full width tapes. Correlations are presented for isothermal and heating friction factors and Nusselt numbers (under uniform wall temperature condition) for a fully developed laminar swirl flow, which are applicable to full width as well as reduced width twisted tapes, using a modified twist ratio as pitch to width ratio of the tape. The reduced width tapes offer 20%--50% savings in the tape material as compared to the full width tapes.


Molecular behavior in small spaces is observed fleetingly at enzyme active sites in biology and at a more leisurely pace in the encapsulation complexes of chemistry. In either setting, molecules in the confined space respond to the size, shape and chemical environment of the container. We describe here neutral, extended cylindrical capsules held together by covalent bonds. The capsules act as hosts to congruent guests such as long-chain alkanes (up to C20H42), p-disubstituted aromatics, and two or more hydrogen-bonded guests. The complexes are characterized by NMR spectroscopy, and the exchange of guests in and out of the capsules is slow on the NMR timescale. Interactions between different guests can be arranged in the cylindrical space, creating acid–base complexes within the capsules. The complexes are chiral and persistent in a variety of media.


The following is a critical analysis of John Rawls and Jurgen Habermas's contemporary reformulations of Immanuel Kant's Perpetual Peace , and focuses on their respective interpretations of Kant's arguments in favour of the 'negative surrogate' of a foedus pacificum (league of peace) and against the 'positive idea' of world government. It is argued that, however problematic, Habermas's World Parliamentary Democracy, based on the constitution of a reformed United Nations, is superior to Rawls's Society of Peoples--the contemporary ideal of peace must not subordinate the interests of individual persons to the peoples to which they belong, it must be in accordance with the development of a post-Westphalian order, and it must allow for the further development of Kant's idea of a law of world citizenship. It is further argued that Habermas's proposal is the one that is most likely to result in a 'soulless despotism,' as it is not clear that the ideal of peace must necessarily seek the further nullification of state sovereignty and thereby affirm a single, unified, global system of law and litigation. Kant was correct to suggest that a lasting global peace must on the rejection in principle of the threat of use or force among states, including that of a world state.


Tropical cyclone is affected mainly by steering flow, Rossby drift and surface frictional effects. There are many models to predict the storm track. In this paper two thermodynamic parameters SWEAT and ACE are analyzed to observe the variation of these two parameters along the track of two cyclonic storms MALA and BIJLI over the Bay of Bengal. Peak ACE is found on the third day of the cyclonic system MALA at 850 hPa whereas for BIJLI it is at 200 hPa. However more analysis is needed considering the other Bay cyclones before coming to a definite conclusion regarding the variational pattern of these two thermodynamic parameters.


May 1983, this passage is taken from "Esplorazioni sugli argini", the second section of Gianni Celati's Verso la foce. Published in 1989, this text originates from the diary that Celati kept during his journey along the Po river with the photographer Luigi Ghirri in the 80s, while collaborating in the project of describing the "new Italian landscape." Together with Narratori delle pianure and Quattro novelle sulle apparenze – published earlier in the 80s and similarly set in the Po valley – Verso la foce is a focal point in Celati's poetics or anti-poetics of "natural" narration and an interesting point of departure to reassess the value of literature after the 70s and to tackle the Italian problematic move to the postmodern condition. In this essay I will explore Celati's notion of natural narration as a "space of affection", a space that merges the dichotomy between landscape and inscape, the subject and the object, and between listening and narrating, and listening and seeing, in the effort to reject any claims of general truths. With this aim I will first consider Celati as a political writer – for his commitment to


Abstract Let RL denote the ring of continuous real-valued functions on a com- pletely regular frame L. The support of an α ∈ RL is the closed quotient ↑(coz α)∗. We show that if supports are coz-quotients in L, then the set of functions with realcompact support is an ideal. If L satisfies the stronger condition that supports are C-quotients, then this ideal is the intersection of pure parts of the free maximal ideals of RL. The set of functions whose cozeroes are realcompact is always an ideal, which is free if and only if L is locally realcompact if and only if L is (isomorphic to) an open quotient of υL. Further, this ideal is prime if and only if it is a free real maximal ideal if and only if υL → L is a one-point extension of L.


Reviewing initial filings under the SEC's new market risk disclosure rules, the authors found that disclosures were not satisfactory. Where did companies fail?


Understanding the spatiotemporal distribution of past and future climate change impact is essential for effective water resource management. This study aims to reveal the impact of temperature and precipitation change on hydrological streamflow of Ouergha watershed and on the inflow regime of Al Wahda dam. Initially, historical climate trend was assessed using Mann Kendall tests and Sen's slope. Then, regional Climate Models (Cordex-Africa) were used to project future precipitation and temperature data under two emission scenarios (RCP4.5 as realistic and RCP8.5 as pessimistic). After correcting the biases in climatic variables using three different methods, the calibrated and validated SWAT model was forced to project the hydrological simulations under both scenarios. The study shows a clear decreasing in precipitation and augmentation in annual mean temperature over the past decades. In addition, projected climate variables expected severe change in future precipitation (decreasing) and mean temperature (Increasing). The impact of this climatic alteration is expected to extremely affect rivers discharge and reservoir inflows in both magnitude and timing.


To the Editor:

We read with great interest the article by Nicholls et al,1 which revealed alterations in the nitric oxide synthase pathway in patients with cardiogenic shock after myocardial infarction. Their intriguing data indicate that plasma concentrations of asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA, the endogenous nitric oxide synthase inhibitor) correlate with hemodynamic measurements in these patients. Moreover, of all clinical and laboratory parameters measured, plasma ADMA levels were the strongest determinant of 30-day mortality.1

We congratulate …


Amorphous Ta93Cu7 and Ta80Cu20 alloy films are prepared by co‐sputtering of pure Ta and pure Cu targets with a rotating sample holder table. To investigate the possible application of these materials as diffusion barriers for the Au‐GaAs system, vacuum annealings are made in the temperature range from 200 to 800 °C. Resistivity change, x‐ray diffraction, and Auger electron spectroscopy measurements are performed to find the chemical and metallurgical stabilities of these materials in this system. The reaction temperature for TaxCu1−x in contact with GaAs lies between 500 and 700 °C. For Au in contact with TaxCu1−x the reaction occurs at about 600 °C. Amorphous Ta93Cu7 shows different interdiffusion characteristics with surrounding elements than does Ta80Cu20.


Image sensor communication using LEDs and cameras is expected as effective and easy wireless communication method in the water. In this research, R-CNN is tried for recognition of 2D LEDs array. The R-CNN could recognize QR code and Bayer pattern in the air correctly, though SURF could not detect Bayer. 3 different arrangement of underwater LED arrays are tried to be recognized by R-CNN. In spite of attenuation of light in the water and color deterioration near camera resolution, green LEDs of Bayer arrangement was recognized at the distance of 16 m.


Objective To study the effects of voluven on the expression of interleukin-1βand interleukin-10 around thoracotomy. Methods Seventy patients undergoing thoracotomy were randomly divided two group,Voluven group( group V,n=35)and Ringer' s solution group(R group,n=35)。10 ml/kg Voluven or 15 ml/kg Ringer' s was infused before induction of anesthesia followed Ringer' s 10 ml/(kg·h).The plasma concentration of IL-1βand IL-10 were measured before induction(T1),2h atfter the beginning of operation (T2), 2 h(T3)and 48 hours (T4) atfter the end of thoracotomy respectively. Results Concentration of serum IL-1βwere significantly increased and kept in a high level since 2 h after exesion compared with before operation but no diference between the two groups(P0.05). IL-10 in both groups increase significantly until 48 h after operation. Compared with the two groups, the concentration of IL-10 in group V increased significantly after exesion P0.01 but no diference 2 h after operation(P 0.05). Conclusions Infusion of Voluven can improve inflammatory on the balance of immunity through activation IL-10.


In Roman Republic,religious emotions shed influence on political actions in two aspects.The first one is in shaping the national personality of the Republic to help nationalism develop a complete series of myths, which means,in Roman hearts,the nation of Roman Republic is their holy idol,which comes out a persevering spirit of sacrifice.The second one is its influence on the statesmen.In late Republic,religion is abused by statesmen and thus becomes a tool used to fight for power.


Author(s): Altieri, Nicholas Dominic | Advisor(s): Chang, Jane P | Abstract: This work has focused on the study and development of atomic layer etching for metallic and intermetallic thin films commonly used in front and back end of line applications. A thermodynamic equilibrium based framework consisting of minimization of Gibbs free energy and volatility assessment was used in screening and selecting promising plasma modification and chemical etchants. Challenges, such as the nonvolatility of metal etch products in front end of line processing of Cu for use in interconnects as well as back end of line patterning of magnetic and noble metals such as Co, Fe, CoFeB and Pt used in MRAM devices were addressed using the aforementioned approach to identify and develop reactive ion and atomic layer etch processes in parallel. The efficacy of modification chemistries, including inductively coupled O2 and Cl2 plasmas, was assessed first for Cu. Alternating Cl2/H2 plasma exposure has been predicted and subsequently validated in literature to be capable of etching Cu at sufficiently high rates. Assessment of the Cl2 and subsequent H2 plasma exposure were predicted to enhance the vapor pressure of volatile etch products for patterning CoFeB as well as Pt. Experimental studies resulted in up to a 36% enhancement in etch rate while surface characterization indicated the removal of the non-volatile metallic chloride surface upon exposure to H2 discharge. For CoFeB specifically, damage to the static magnetic properties was shown to also have been recovered to nearly 70% of its original value, suggesting that this process could also be viable with additional optimization. In order to achieve a self-limiting etch process for use in atomic scale patterning, O2 plasma modification in conjunction with the use of organic solution and vapor chemistries was studied as well. In concentrated solutions of acetylacetone, hexafluoroacetylacetone, acetic acid, and formic acid, CuO was observed to etch selectively over metallic Cu at values up to 285, confirming thermodynamic calculations. Formic acid vapor was subsequently found to etch CuO at rates up to 18 nm/min while no etch of metallic Cu was observed, indicating near infinite selectivity. Incorporating this formic acid chemistry with inductively coupled plasma oxidation resulted in etch rates up to 3.5 nm/cycle at 80 i?½C and 148 Torr. Similar self-limited chemical vapor etch of modified oxide layers were observed for Fe, Pt, Pd, and Co with etch rates of up to 4.8, 0.5, 1.1, and 2.8 nm/cycle and were shown to depend on the thickness of the modified metal oxide layer, giving rise to a route for controlling the etch rate. Reduction in etch per cycle through controlled oxidation was subsequently demonstrated for highly selective etch of CoFeB, resulting in a self-limited etch rate of 1.8 nm/cycle and subsequent chemical confirmation of selective oxide surface removal. Anisotropic etch profiles for patterned 70 nm i?½ 10 i?½m lines of Cu and Co and 1 i?½m i?½ 1 i?½m Cu square pads were achieved through application of a -100 and -200 V bias during the modification step and demonstrated that directional atomic layer etching can be achieved for patterning metallic thin films through precise control of ion energy, modification time, and subsequent chemical vapor etch.


Using electron gun to deposit CaO on the circumference of Cr:YAG crystal fiber and re-growth by laser heated pedestal growth method, the absorption coefficient of Cr4+can be achieved to 8.3 cm-1, which is equivalent to a concentration of 0.015 mol.%; while the total Cr concentration is 0.28 mol.%.


The chief justice of California is empowered to select a pro tempore justice when one or more of the court's regular justices are absent. Chief Justice Rose Bird was accused of using this power to manipulate case outcomes. Contemporary scholarly investigations came to mixed conclusions. Bird's successors have adopted the nondiscretionary method of alphabetical selection. The present study compares the agreement rates of temporary justices with Bird and with her two immediate successors, Malcolm Lucas and Ronald George. It finds evi dence of vote bias for Bird, particularly in close cases and cases before April 1981. It does not find evidence of vote bias for Chief Justices Lucas or George, suggesting that a non discretionary selection procedure should be formally required.


Background.  RNA interference (RNAi) is a potential therapeutic tool in the treatment of various diseases, such as cancers and viral infections. Silencing of E7 genes is an effective method to suppress human papilloma virus (HPV)‐related tumours.


Herein we report the conjugate addition of α,β-unsaturated carbonyl compounds and thiophene derivatives as nucleophiles in the presence of halogen bonding catalysts. Using 2-iodoimidazolinium triflate salt as halogen bonding donor led to moderate to excellent yields of the corresponding alkylated thiophenes. Insights into the catalytic process were gained by 1H-NMR spectroscopy studies and DFT calculations which indicate a halogen bonding supported mechanism with limited Brønsted acid catalysis.


A modular optical photon Doppler velocimetry (PDV) detector system has been developed by using readily available optical components with a 20-GHz Miteq optical detector into eight channels of single-wide modules integrated into a 3U rack unit (1U = 1.75 inches) with a common power supply. Optical fibers were precisely trimmed, welded, and timed within each unit. This system has been used to collect dynamic velocity data on various physics experiments. An optical power meter displays the laser input power to the module and optical power at the detector. An adjustable micro-electromechanical system (MEMS) optical attenuator is used to adjust the amount of unshifted light entering the detector. Front panel LEDs show the presence of power to the module. A fully loaded chassis with eight channels consumes 45 watts of power. Each chassis requires 1U spacing above and below for heat management. Modules can be easily replaced.


Abstract A general circulation model with a highly idealized geometry is used to investigate which fundamentally different equilibria of the global thermohaline circulation may exist. The model comprises two identical basins representing the Atlantic and Pacific oceans, which are connected by a circumpolar channel in the south. The model circulation is driven, in addition to wind forcing by restoring the sea surface temperature to prescribed values and specified freshwater fluxes in the surface salinity budget (mixed boundary conditions). The boundary conditions are symmetric with respect to the equator and identical for both oceans. Four fundamentally different, stable steady states are found under the same set of boundary conditions. Two of the equilibria show both oceans in the same state, with high-altitude deep-water formation occuring either in both northern or in both southern oceans, respectively. Two additional equilibria exist in which the thermohaline circulations of the basins differ fundament...


A generic approach to constant false alarm rate processing is developed, resulting in detection algorithms robust to inhomogeneities in radar clutter. Termed as ensemble- or E-CFAR detection, it combines, for the first time, members from a family of known and possibly new CFAR processors. Implementation is simple. Owing to analytical intractability, the entire synthesis and analysis are performed using fast stochastic simulation based on the powerful methodology of adaptive importance sampling (IS) developed in recent publications. Several new practical results are given. From many possible detection algorithms, one having desirable properties is suggested. However, it remains an open problem to find the best algorithms. Extensions of fast simulation methods for some stand-alone CFAR detectors are also examined.


Sonic digitization has been utilized over the last several years to automate the measurement of three-dimensional geometric coordinates for such applications as modal analysis, finite element model definition and correlation, surface imaging and ergonomic studies. To determine a point in space from a triangular array of microphones, a common spherical intersection algorithm is used. For higher accuracy, a linear intersection algorithm is used to generate the final source location estimate from the points calculated by the multiple arrays. To achieve optimum performance a new calibration technique implements a unique correction factor for every receiver in the system. If the user is changing one, or several, hardware components, the accuracy of measured values will change, but by using this sophisticated calibration technique, the user is always assured optimum performance from the system. Effectively, the system now allows the user to setup multiple receiver arrays distributed throughout the test bay to simplify the acquisition process and improve accuracy, eliminating secondary reference fiducials.


We have developed highly sensitive, low power gas sensors consisting of beam-shaped, suspended microheaters and locally synthesized 1-D metal oxide nanostructures. In-situ localized hydrothermal synthesis method was utilized to grow ZnO nanowires on the Joule-heated region. Also, liquid phase deposition (LPD) process enabled to formulate SnO2 thin film on the surface of ZnO nanowires and to etch ZnO out at the same time. Therefore, we could fabricate highly integrated and sensitive SnO2 nanotubes on the selective region less than 502 μm2. Due to the small and suspended heating area, operating power of the gas sensor was less than 10 mW at 300 °C. Also, the sensitivity (Rair/Rgas) of SnO2 nanotubes for H2S gas was around 6 times larger than that of pre-processed ZnO nanowires.


Results & Conclusions. Both patients and nurses as groups exhibited pro-consumerist attitudes regarding collaboration in health care, while there were significant differences in attitudes and perceptions of patients and nurses. These findings are similar to those of Kim et al.' s study carried out in US, Norway, Finland, and Japan. Nurses as a group compared to patients held stronger health-care consumerist attitudes and beliefs in general. However, the Korean nurses seem to hold a weaker attitude for challenging professional authority. And the Korean patients compared to the nurses seem to hold stronger belief in the patient's right to information, as found in US, Finland, and Japan. Regarding the nurse patient collaborative attitude in decision making, it revealed that one third or more of the patients as a group believe in the patients' right to be informed of decisions that nurses make for their patients, while another one third or more of them believe in the patients' right for advisory role and joint role in nursing care decision making. This result for the patients is very similar as those found in US, Norway, Finland, and Japan. However, the attitude for the nurses held stronger agreement with patients' to be informed of decision making that nurses make than the patients' right for advisory and joint role. The nurses have weaker belief in patients' self determination on their care than the patients. The results of path analyses confirmed the explanatory models that tested two explanatory models examining the factors contributing to the differences in the attitudes of patients and nurses. The path model for nurses identified nurses' lengths of experience as the important factor explaining attitudes regarding challenging professional authority and the patient's rights for information. The path model for patients identified the level of education as the most significant factor that explains patients' attitudes regarding the rejection of general authority, challenging professional authority, and the patient's right for participation in decision making.


The ecological water requirement of Robinia perseudoacacia can be expressed by the evapotranspiration of trees in growing season.It can be influenced by weather,vegetation,and soil moisture.If soil moisture is above temporary-wilt or growth-retard,tree growth can be sustained,basically or normally.Therefore,soil water contents for temporary-wilt and growth-retard can be taken as the minimum ecological water requirement and the suitable ecological water requirement of Robinia perseudoacacia,respectively.They can be estimated by introducing soil factor and tree species factor to potential evapotranspiration with Penman formula.Accordingly,the ecological water requirement(May to Oct.) for Robinia perseudoacacia in Yangou watershed is estimated.The minimum and suitable ecological water requirements of childhood Robinia perseudoacacia are 420.3 and 506.7 mm,respectively.The minimum and suitable ecological water requirements of young Robinia perseudoacacia are 602.4 and 730.4 mm,respectively.


Chrysanthemum is an ornamental plant that people likes, grows the whole year, and hashigh economic value. This study was aimed at assessing the effects of planting density andconcentration ofNPK fertilizer on the growth of potted chrysanthemum. The study was conductedin a plastic house at the Indonesian Ornamental Crops Research Institute (IOCRI), Cipanas,Cianjur, West Java from March to June 2017. Shoot cuttings of ±7 cm of potted chrysanthemum ofAvanthe Agrihorti cultivar were used. A completely randomized design in a factorial pattern withfactors was used. The first factor was planting density and the second factor was concentrationofNPK (16:16:16) fertilizer. The planting density consisted of 5, 6, and 7 shoot cuttings andconcentrationof NPK fertilizer were 150, 200, 250, and 300 ppm. Results showed that plantingdensity significantly affected stem diameter, number of buds, and width of canopy. No effectconcentrationof fertilizer was found on all variables.Keywords: potted chrysanthemum, planting density, NPK fertilizer


This article analyses the legal framework of OLAF's investigations with the aim of identifying issues that the regulation of supranational law enforcement authorities raise.


Mast cells induced from normal mouse spleen cells by long-term culture showed strong regulatory effects on lymphocytes. These cells affected the kinetics of in vitro plaque-forming cell (PFC) responses to sheep red blood cells (SRBC). PFC responses were enhanced in an early phase (2nd and 3rd day), but suppressed in a later phase (4th and 5th day). Thymocyte response to Con A, and B cell response to LPS were suppressed by mast cells. Supernatant collected from cultured mast cells enhanced PFC response and thymocyte response to Con A, but B cell response to LPS was suppressed. After Con A stimulation, the mast cell supernatant suppressed the B cell response more strongly. The thymocyte response to Con A was also suppressed. Large doses of the Con A-stimulated mast cell supernatant partially suppressed the PFC response. Upand down-regulatory factors in the conditioned mast cell supernatant were responsible for the immunoregulatory functions of the mast cells, which was confirmed by chromatography and SDS-PAGE analysis. Further experiments are needed to identify these upand down-regulatory factors.


The Council hopes a new roundabout will make an Eastside intersection safer, but it's raised the hackles of one resident who says the area is already safe.


Experiments were carried out on 48 rabbits, irradiated with 1200 R of x rays. The methods of determining sex chromatin in leukocytes and autoradiography were used to examine the questions about participation of immunologic mechanisms in the unfavorable action of exchange transfusions on nonrejection of bone-marrow transplants in the irradiated animals. as well as the role of the stem cells of donor blood in the growth of transplants of bonemarrow after exchange transfusion. On the one hand it was found that an immunologic moment existed and on the otherthat proliferation of stem cells of the donor blood was of no substantial significance under the given conditions. (auth)


This text analysis the impact of SA8000's stakeholder, SA8000 is a conductive mechanism about enterprise carrying out Corporate Social Responsibility effectively under globalization. It's turning a blind eye to their enterprise's conduct. But the SA8000 certification's conductive mechanism is conditional. Global firms and contractor plants should change the game rules and search win-win strategy and establish cooperation and competition mechanism.


The value of qualifications for information professionals operating in the modern information world is considered, pointing out that, with the growth in interest in knowledge management, skills such as thesaurus construction, abstracting and indexing have actually come back into vogue. The fact that the information world is developing rapidly and attracting increasing numbers of people, many of whom have had no formal information training is used as the focus for discussion of the issues involved. Since the relevance and value of a library school qualification have been brought into question an attempt is made to establish the potential value of this qualification and explain why qualified professionals are the most eligible candidates to continue the maturation of the information profession in the twenty-first century. It is concluded that the information profession, like most professions, has room for a whole spectrum of people with different qualifications and skills. However, the distinguishing factor is the necessity to recognize librarianship and information work as a profession.


In 1951 the NSW government set up a Royal Commission into Liquor Licensing in the state, to be chaired by Justice A V Maxwell. Its terms of reference were to examine: the breweries' financial interests in the ownership and control of hotels and the adequacy of the present liquor licensing laws in controlling licensing; whether the distribution of liquor was reasonable; and whether the meals and accommodation being provided by hotels were adequate for the needs of the public. The Commission was also required to consider the provision of additional club licenses, and the desirability of reintroducing what had been the temperance advocates' goal of local option provisions into the matter of granting new licenses. The Commission began hearing evidence in July 1951, sat for 140 days, and examined over 400 witnesses from the Licensing Court, police, government departments, local government bodies, representatives of the breweries and other members of the liquor trade, members of temperance bodies, publicans, and interested individuals. At the conclusion of hearings Maxwell's report on the conduct of hotels was damning. He said he had "little doubt" that "many – and possibly the majority of" publicans was motivated by profiteering rather than by the provision of services to customers that was "adequate to the needs of the public." Their point of view, he said, was "based purely upon self-interest". He noted that country drinkers were particularly disadvantaged because being unable to get to the pub before the early closing hour for a drink, to which by law and custom they were entitled, meant they had to engage in afterhours trading in defiance of the law. Publicans however favoured retaining early closing because they made more profit selling alcohol quickly in a short period of time "than with the burden of supervision and added labour involved in later hours". 1


The rapid development of the information technology worldwide contributes for a drastic change of the
traditional procedures according to which the companies are functioning for completion of everyday activities. This
change demands for establishing separate departments to support the end users. This paper presents a software
system for automated support of end-users.


Cancer patients have elevated suicide risk compared to the general population. However, little is known about the characteristics of cancer patients who have died by suicide. The objectives of the study were to compare the characteristics of suicide cases with, and without cancer, and determine whether age was associated with differences in characteristics.


This thesis describes the simulation of the proposed IEEE 802.11p Physical layer (PHY). A MATLAB simulation is carried out in order to analyze baseband processing of the transceiver. Orthogonal Fre ...


Bridge health monitoring is mainly for long-term automatic measurement of load, environmental effects and structural response of bridges to provide remote moni-toring, online early warning, condition assessment and decision aid services, but there are few services to determine bridge condition for future development trend. In this paper, we use an attention-based long and short-term memory (LSTM) model for predicting the cable-stayed bridge force, which is nonlinear and non-stationary. In this paper, an at-tention mechanism is added to the LSTM model to predict the future cable force values with good accuracy and low mean square error. The similarity between the predicted and real cable force values reaches 0.97, which indicates that this method can be used to predict the cable force values of cable-stayed bridges. The prediction results are better than the LSTM model and the recurrent neural network (RNN) model.


The present invention is an intelligent discharging regulating device of alumina. A plurality of holes for alumina are disposed on backboard of feeding device in a fresh alumina feeding control system, using slide board to control number of open and close holes, the slide board is connected with a PLC control system that controls movement of the slide board so as to reach controlling of the number of open and close holes for alumina. The invention implements purpose of feeding fresh alumina uniformly according to need, which satisfies request of steady raw materials quality in modern large-scale electrolysis production and request of fresh alumina amount in purification reaction, and satisfies eligible electrolysis fume emission, and provides reliable assurance for eligible environmental target or exceeds the national standard.


Online learning has weaknesses when internet services are weak, and lecturer instructions are poorly understood by students. Online learning is currently still constrained by an inadequate internet connection. Delays that are too large and connections that are not smooth or unstable on the internet network for online learning can be a problem, namely the occurrence of errors in receiving information. For this reason, there needs to be an increase in the performance of the communication system that is able to support online learning so that teaching and learning activities can take place properly. 5G technology has the potential to support this because of the several advantages it offers, including supporting speeds up to 10 times the current technology (4G). The research method used in this study uses a literature review. Literature review is research conducted by reviewing several literatures that are in accordance with the title of the research being discussed. Literature study is intended to summarize, analyze and interpret concepts and theories that are in accordance with the research conducted.


Studying of the relativistic three-body bound state in a three-dimensional (3D) approach is a necessary first step in a process to eventually perform scattering calculations at GeV energies, where partial-wave expansions are not useful. To this aim we recently studied relativistic effects in the binding energy and for the first time, obtained the relativistic 3B wave function \cite{Hadizadeh_PRC90}. The relativistic Faddeev integral equations for the bound state are formulated in terms of momentum vectors, and relativistic invariance is incorporated within the framework of Poincare invariant quantum mechanics.


BACKGROUND
In persons with diabetes, chronic hyperglycemia (assessed by glycosylated hemoglobin level) is related to the development of microvascular disease; however, the relation of glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) to macrovascular disease is less clear.

OBJECTIVE
To study the association of cardiovascular events (CVE) with glycosylated haemoglobin in diabetic patients.

DESIGN
Case control study.

SETTING
B. P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences (BPKIHS), Dharan, Nepal.

MATERIALS AND METHOD
Fifty diabetic patients with recent cardiovascular events: myocardial infarction (MI) or stroke was included in the study. There were 25 patients of myocardial infarction and 25 patients of stroke. Fifty diabetic patients without cardiovascular events were taken as control.

RESULTS
After adjustment for age, smoking, body mass index, systolic blood pressure and total cholesterol at baseline, level of HbA1c was statistically significant (p = 0.017) among patients with CVE. For MI, level of HbA1c was statistically significant (p = 0.018) while for stroke, level of HbA1c was not significant (p = 0.694). Mean blood glucose also predicted CVE and MI but not stroke in this study (p values = 0.006, 0.006 and 0.670 respectively). Fasting and postprandial plasma glucose was statistically significant in CVE (p values = 0.024 and 0.019 respectively). Urine protein was statistically significant for CVE, MI and stroke (p values = 0.000, 0.032, 0.032 and OR 4.571 (95% CI: 1.963-10.646), 2.667 (95% CI: 1.043-6.815), 2.667 (95% CI: 1.043-6.815) respectively.

LIMITATIONS
Sample size was limited due to time constraint and limited resources. Cases with peripheral artery disease were not included in the study.

CONCLUSION
Glycosylated haemoglobin is associated with cardiovascular events and myocardial infarction but not stroke.


Author has briefly described the working principle of centrifugal pump and concept of cavitation of centrifugal pump;has analyzed the caused reason of cavitation of centrifugal pump;has presented the methods and measures to avoid the cavitation of centrifugal pump.


With the rapid development of display technology, related diseases of the human eye are also increasing day by day. Eye floaters are one of the diseases that affect humans. Herein, we present a functional ophthalmic dressing that can permeate the skin tissues of the eyes through oxygen and hydrogen to improve the symptoms of floaters. In clinical tests, the symptoms of sensory floaters improved in 28 patients, and the recovery rates of mild, moderate, and severe floaters were about 70%, 66.7%, and 83.3%, respectively.


This chapter provides a summary of a landmark study in internal medicine. When should patients in the intensive care unit with anemia receive red cell transfusions? Starting with that question, it describes the basics of the study, including funding, study location, who was studied, how many patients, study overview, study intervention, follow-up, endpoints, results, and criticism and limitations. The chapter briefly reviews other relevant studies and information, discusses implications, and concludes with a relevant clinical case.


A low voltage low power Current Feedback Operational Amplifier(CFOA) is proposed in this paper.Spectre simulation results are given using 0.18 μm CMOS technology for the proposed CFOA and it operates at supply voltage of 0.9 V with a total power dissipation of 245 μW.It takes the rail to rail structure to improve the voltage swing capability,and the output stage works as a class AB mode to reduce the power dissipation.


Introduction
Rett Syndrome (RTT) is a genetic disease caused primarily by mutations in MECP2. There are more than 200 MECP2 mutations but 7 recurrent mutations are associated with 70 % of cases. Diagnosis is based on clinical criteria and confirmed by molecular analysis.
Methods
Clinical severity and phenotypic characteristics of patients with a clinical diagnosis of Rett syndrome and MECP2 gene mutations were analyzed using the Rett Syndrome Severity Scale (RSSS). Type of sequence change in MECP2 gene was considered individually.
Results
16 patients (age: 2-19 years) were assessed. The mean RSSS corresponded to the intermediate range of severity, which reflected that the majority of participants were in the moderate severity category. All of the patients in the sample had speech, hand use and gait abnormalities; 81% had sleep irregularities; 69% epilepsy; 50% breathing abnormalities and only 31% suffered scoliosis (which might be related to a young average sample age). Truncating mutations were related to more severe phenotypes of patients with Rett syndrome and the missense mutation T158M mutation and c.820_1193del associated with milder phenotypes.
Conclusions
While it is not possible to establish a genotype-phenotype correlation due to the small number of patients and variability of genotypes in our sample, we can say that the general genotype-phenotype relationships were confirmed. The clinical severity was found to be very variable even between individuals with the same mutation, which may be influenced by X chromosome inactivation.


Aiming at the features of the engaging vibration's direct effects on the rotary speed of axis, this paper puts forward the faults diagnosis method of gearbox using amplitude demodulation technology to analyze the signals of rotary speed. First, the signals of rotary speed of gearbox are synchronously sampled in time domain; Next, the signals of torsional vibration are worked out using the signals of rotary speed, and the signals are averaged in time domain to decrease the noise and increase the power signal-to-noise ratio; Last, the averaged signals in time domain are analized with amplitude demodulation and according to the function graph of the amplitude demodulation, the features of the gear fault are picked up. With the analysis of the fault experimental signals of partially abraded gears, partially abraded faults are effectively diagnosed with this method.


Simpler encoding and decoding networks are necessary for more reliable quantum error-correcting codes (QECCs). The simplification of the encoder–decoder circuit for a perfect five-qubit QECC can be derived analytically if the QECC is converted from its equivalent one-way entanglement purification protocol. In this work, the analytical method to simplify the encoder–decoder circuit is introduced and a circuit that is as simple as the existing simplest circuits is presented as an example. The encoder–decoder circuit presented here involves nine single- and two-qubit unitary operations, only six of which are controlled-NOT gates.


With the implementing of the gradiente-elapsing strategy for unbalanced development,the districts of China were divided into three homogenous regions in length: East,Midland and West.China achieved great success in economy but meanwhile it emerged increasing regional disparity.The thesis holds the idea that China should adjust the division to three functional regions in breadth.It is neccssary to construct three city group i.e.Pearl Triangle and Large Bo-sea Encirlement as dragon heads and motors to influence Midland and West area to set up the mechanism of promoting harmonious development of regional economy.


Background In Northern part of Karnataka there are many ginning factories associated with processing with processing of cotton. However there is no evaluation of pulmonary function status of the workers working with these mills. Objectives The present study therefore was planned to measure the over shift changes in lung functions in workers of g inning factory of Bijapur District. Materials and Methods The study was conducted on 67 subjects who were workers of aginning factory in Bijapur. Tests were carried out on Monday. This was done to evaluate the problem on first day of week after a week end break as suggested in various other studies. The questionnaires interview was conducted early in the morning on Monday before starting of the shift. The pulmonary function tests [FVC, FEV1, FEV1% and PEFR] were performed twice on the same day [8am-10am after 5pm] to assess the over shift change in pulmonary function Results


The recent development of image techniques, including computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging, plays an important role in the diagnosis and treatment of spinal disease. A variety of lesions in the spine may contain fat tissue, and these lesions have the possibility of being benign or malignancy. The principle of treatment varies depending on the characteristics of the lesions. The purpose of this pictorial assay is to document the radiologic findings to help physicians make the correct diagnosis, to confirm the characteristics and the extent of the lesion, to anticipate the prognosis and to select and decide upon the therapeutic method when a fat-containing lesion is located in the spinal vertebrae and/or spinal canal.


In big data analytics, advanced analytic techniques operate on big datasets aimed at complementing the role of traditional OLAP for decision making. To enable companies to take benefit of these techniques despite the lack of in-house technical skills, the H2020 TOREADOR Project adopts a model-driven architecture for streamlining analysis processes, from data preparation to their visualization. In this article, we propose a new approach named SkyViz focused on the visualization area, in particular on (1) how to specify the user's objectives and describe the dataset to be visualized, (2) how to translate this specification into a platform-independent visualization type, and (3) how to concretely implement this visualization type on the target execution platform. To support step (1), we define a visualization context based on seven prioritizable coordinates for assessing the user's objectives and conceptually describing the data to be visualized. To automate step (2), we propose a skyline-based technique that translates a visualization context into a set of most suitable visualization types. Finally, to automate step (3), we propose a skyline-based technique that, with reference to a specific platform, finds the best bindings between the columns of the dataset and the graphical coordinates used by the visualization type chosen by the user. SkyViz can be transparently extended to include more visualization types on one hand, more visualization coordinates on the other. The article is completed by an evaluation of SkyViz based on a case study excerpted from the pilot applications of the TOREADOR Project.


Two general algorithms for the modeling of lossy transmission lines with frequency-dependent parameters are contrasted and compared. The first is based on the generalized method of characteristics while the second is based on the more recent Pade macromodeling approach. The different approximations made in these two algorithms are contrasted and computational evidence is presented to show that these two methods complement rather than compete with each other.


PURPOSE
To establish a quantitative magnetic resonance (MR) imaging contrast enhancement criterion for distinguishing cysts from solid renal lesions.

MATERIALS AND METHODS
Regions of interest were measured in 74 patients with renal lesions evaluated by means of dynamic contrast material-enhanced MR imaging with serial breath-hold spoiled gradient-echo acquisitions. Sensitivity for renal tumors and specificity for renal cysts were established by using percentage of enhancement thresholds that varied between 5% and 35%.

RESULTS
The mean percentage of enhancement at MR imaging for the 50 renal cysts was less than 5%; for the 50 renal tumors, it was 97% or higher. With use of a threshold percentage of enhancement of 15% and results obtained between 2 and 4 minutes after administration of contrast material, all malignancies (sensitivity for tumor, 100%) were diagnosed, and there were 6% or fewer false-positive tumor diagnoses. Lower thresholds resulted in unacceptably high false-positive rates (ie, cysts that appeared to enhance-pseudoenhancement), whereas higher threshold values (>20%) resulted in an unacceptably lower sensitivity for tumors.

CONCLUSION
The optimal percentage of enhancement threshold for distinguishing cysts from malignancies with the imaging technique prescribed was 15%, and the optimal timing for measurement was 2-4 minutes after administration of contrast material.


Information presentation method of the present invention taken by a subject to an image input device, and displays information corresponding to the object around the object in the object image or the display screen in the display screen. Related information of the object, the object or the information represented by a representation of a plurality of two-dimensional marker is installed around the object, wherein the plurality of two-dimensional marker is belonging to any of a plurality of information series. Marker, an image input device, an image processing apparatus, an image information display apparatus, the display image information unit


Due to increase of electronic business and business process dematerialization organizations are facing today a problem of preserving vast amounts of electronic documents in coherent and trustworthy manner. A large amount of digital documents are produced every day even in small and medium-sized companies. The documents range from simple receipts to complex legal contracts and service level agreements. Many such documents need to be stored and preserved for longer period of time. Some services and technical solutions providing long term proofs of authenticity, integrity and non-repudiation of electronic documents are available on the market today. In order for these technical electronic archiving solutions and services to be successfully adopted by organizations they need to be deployed in a proper operational and organizational manner. Beside this organization needs to establish required operational procedures and to operate in accordance with them to assure that trusted electronic archive is legally valid. In this paper we present the first set of organizational approaches that organizations need to utilize in order to successfully integrate the operational and legal aspects of electronic archiving and to change the business processes accordingly. Following the approach of pattern oriented organizational design we capture the organizational trusted archiving solutions and best practices in the form of patterns, providing the context of the problem, the generic solution captured in the form of organizational diagrams, and preconditions that need to be met by the organization, and dependencies on other patterns are described. Finally the paper presents implementation of the generic solution to different organizations' contexts and indicates influence of different applications of the pattern to further solution development.


The problem for calculating near fields of EM radiation systems by using the finitedifference time domain(FD-TD)method are discussed and the annular phased array of dipoleantennas has been simulated numerically by use of the FD-TD method.For a test run thenear field and current distribution of the single dipole antenna are calculated.The near fieldsof the annular phased array of dipole antennas in central region filled with deionized water arecomputed and the interaction of near fields with an anatomically-based inhomogeneous model ofhuman torso is considered as well.


Notes on texts and citations 1. Interpreting Neitzsche's on truth 2. Nietzsche and theories of truth 3. Language and truth: Nietzsche's early denial of truth 4. The development of Neitzsche's later position on truth 5. Perspectivism 6. The ascetic ideal 7. The will to power 8. Eternal recurrence.


While comparison of languages presupposes a common framework neutral to the structures of the languages compared and contrasted, the contemporary grammatical terms and concepts have been developed primarily on the basis of Accusative-type European languages. This has created a great deal of confusion in the universals research. Typological studies in recent years have in part been concerned with the correction of this unfortunate situation. This presentation looks at the syntactic organizations of three distinct types of languages (the Accusative type, the Ergative type, and the Philippine-type) and examines the nature of grammatical relations, Subject in particular, the voice patterns, and the ways in which semantic interpretation interacts with the typological differences in the organization of the argument structure.


We present the mathematical analysis of a cold ice sheet ow model. The model combines the assumptions of slow, gravity driven non-newtonian viscous ow as appropriate to the solid state creep of ice. In order to prove the well-posedness of the model we introduce a weak formulation of multivalued type. The existence and location of the free boundary generated by the support of the solution are also considered and a waiting time property for the response of the ice sheet is proved.


The Reliability assessment of lifelines subjected to external hazards is critical to protect the functionality and quality of utility services in contemporaneous society. This paper introduces two performance metrics to assess service reliability of systems. Service Reduction (SR), and Weighted Service Reduction (WSR) are proposed to study the potential of networked systems to meet required demands when they are subjected to external events such as earthquake hazards. These metrics provide flow-based reliability estimates of network performance that go beyond traditional connectivity-based system reliability methods. Using Monte Carlo simulation and flow optimization algorithms, probabilistic fragility curves for a practical networked system in Memphis, Tennessee, USA are generated. Comparison of trends in the predicted behavior of the testbed system under connectivity and flow-based functionality performance measures highlight the adequacy of the new metrics to capture quality of service at the customer level. In fact, results from WSR reveal that it is possible to maintain adequate levels of service for higher levels of seismic intensity if a targeted flow assignment strategy is implemented. The proposed fragility curves of infrastructure system's service reduction can be used for decision making processes involving pre-disaster maintenance activities and post-event interventions. Flowbased fragility curves can also be employed as tools for the assessment of retrofitting actions by comparing network reliability predictions before and after the implementation of strategic topological and structural enhancements.


German cockroaches have become a large problem in the Shenzhen area because of their pesticide resistance, especially to pyrethroid. A pyrethroid called "Jia Chong Qing" to prevent pests for a long time were found to be resistant to "Jia Chong Qing" with resistance index of 3.88 measured using RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry analysis showed that both CYP4G19 mRNA and CYP4G19 protein expression levels in the wild strain were substantially higher than that of a sensitive strain. dsRNA segments derived from the target gene CYP4G19 were prepared using in vitro transcription and were microinjected into abdomens of the wild strain. Two to eight days after injection, the result showed that CYP4G19 mRNA expressions were significantly reduced in the groups injected with dsRNAs.


This summer school tackled the key questions of environmental
informatics. It was aimed at an interdisciplinary education of
students in environmental risk assessment and associated
problems of data management, analysis and interpretation. Three
separately organized sessions featuring experienced speakers
dealt with: 1. Methodical concept in environmental risk
assessment and ICTs 2. Statistical methods and modeling 3.
Information systems and visualization of data in environmental
risk assessment


Invasive species and climate change are causing major alterations to ecological and human systems (Simberloff et al. 2005; Lodge et al. 2006; IPCC 2007a). Invasive species by definition have negative ecologic, economic, or human health effects (U.S. Executive Order 13112 1999). Consequently, a substantial infrastructure is dedicated to the prevention, detection, control, and eradication of invasive species (Firestone & Corbett 2005; Pimentel et al. 2005). Climate change is a global phenomenon that will affect all of Earth's ecosystems and human societies in some capacity (IPCC 2007a, 2007b). Nevertheless, a major gap in our knowledge is how climate change will interact with invasive species, especially in aquatic ecosystems (USEPA 2008). In this special section, we attempt to illustrate the pathways and connections among the effects of climate change on ecosystems and invasive species, the resulting ecosystem adaptations and net effects, and the interventions from human systems to adapt management, strengthen prevention strategies, and inform policies. This framework is adapted from climatechange assessments (Fig. 1) and provides a conceptual model with which to examine the complex interactions between climate change and invasive species in the context of ecological and human systems. We use this framework to organize the sequence and topics of papers in this special section.


The thermal plasma setup was designed, fabricated, and successfully established. The effects of thermal plasma treatment on the surface morphological, compositional, electrical, mechanical, and wettability properties of zirconium (Zr) have been investigated. The Zr targets were treated with atmospheric Ar thermal plasma at different Ar flow rates ranging from 10 to 25 L/min and under different treatment times starting from 10 to 25 min. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) and optical analyses reveal the growth of various kinds of surface structures, such as microrods, flakes, pores, cracks, dendrites, agglomerates, and ridges on treated Zr. This growth is explainable on the basis of ion-induced localized heating, melting, collisional sputtering, Coulomb explosion, and thermal spike model. It was observed that both the size and number density of flakes decrease from 8 to 5 <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mu \text{m}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> and <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$87\times 10^{6}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> to <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$37\times 10^{6}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> cm<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$^{-2}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> with increasing Ar flow rate and treatment time. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses show that there are no compositional changes in Zr after Ar plasma. However, slight change in crystallite size and dislocation line density is observed. The electrical conductivity has been decreased, while hardness and wettability of Zr are increased after treatment.


ABSTRACT This book is an encyclopedia; it would be almost as easy to write a comprehensive review of the Britannica. Dr. Barton is one of America's most distinguished psychiatrists, immediate past-president of the American Psychiatric Association, a dean of the country's mental hospital administrators, and, currently, superintendent of the Boston State Hospital. What he writes should be read by anyone interested in the overwhelming problem of management of institutions for the mentally ill.One gathers that this is Dr. Barton's life-long compendium of his experience in mental hospital administration, collected and refined over years of hard practical experience. Treating in detail every conceivable aspect of that difficult craft, this manual contains amazing nuggets of information, from how to search for roaches in the drain pipes (at night, with a flashlight) to a discussion of fees for private psychiatric practice (which made this reviewer look at his books with a flashlight). Yet,


Crowd-based means of financing are emerging as a novel way for entrepreneurs to secure scarce early-stage financing. With venture capital still being the most important source of funding for young ...


A rise in fetal Paco2 was observed after elective cesarean section in patients anesthetized both with a barbiturate and with nitrous oxide/oxygen. Epidural analgesia seemed to be a good alternative in order to attain better blood gas values in the newborn infant.


This Reply responds to various standard arguments economists have made in an attempt to justify their continued use of first-best allocative-efficiency analysis in the face of Second-Best Theory's demonstration that, in our Pareto-imperfect world, all arguments based on first-best analysis are invalid. For example, the Article refutes the claim that Second-Best Theory does not offer a replacement for what it purports to destroy by citing various studies that delineate the structure of the kind of third-best allocative-efficiency analysis that Second-Best Theory implies should be substituted for standard first-best-allocative efficiency analysis. The Article also points out that even if third-best analysis is always impracticable, that fact would not justify continuing to base allocative-efficiency predictions on first-best analysis: even if Second-Best Theory cannot play a constructive role, it would still demonstrate that unless one can generate an appropriate argument to the contrary (which these critics are assuming it will never be allocatively efficient to do) the conclusions of first-best analysis are as likely to be wrong as right (are as likely to be damaging as helpful). The Article also explains why one cannot justify ignoring Second-Best Theory on the ground that it will sometimes be invoked opportunistically by the bad guys to achieve bad results or on the ground that Second-Best Theory will tend in practice to cause decisionmakers to abandon economic analysis in favor of less beneficial analytic approaches. Thus, it points out that all theories can be misused; that Second-Best Theory is not particularly prone to misuse; that "the standard economic approach" is less desirable than many economists assert in that it ignores Second-Best Theory (relatedly conflates micro-economic with allocative-efficiency conclusions and falsely assumes that any choice that is allocatively efficient will be consistent with our moral-rights commitments and socially desirable, rights considerations aside); and that in any event academics are relieved of their obligation to seek the truth only rarely by the possibility that the truth they discover may be misused.


In this research, high-density and high-strength carbonized carbon blocks were manufactured by coke sintering resulted from heat treatments of biomass pyrolysis tar. First, the molecular weight distribution of the tar was controlled through a pressurized heat treatment at 365°C and then this heat-treated tar was treated using a delayed coking system to obtain the self-sintering coke. Finally, carbon blocks were molded from the self-sintering coke and carbonized at 1100°C for 2h. Through rapid decomposition of the high molecular weight compounds in the tar at 360°C, the molecular weight distribution of tar was confirmed to be controllable by this treatment stage. During carbonization was observed a swelling in carbon blocks manufactured that contain more than 15 wt% of volatile matter from 150-500°C. The optimum conditions of the two heat treatments stage were established to be 310°C for 3 h and 500°C for 1.5 h. The highest density and highest strength of the carbonized carbon blocks manufactured were 1.44 g/cm3 and 68.7 MPa, respectively.


It has been investigated muscular-tonic disturbances influence on stimulation distribution speed through sensory and motor fibers in kickboxers using stimulated electroneuromyography method. It has been physiologically worked up method for restoring correction of vertebromotor segments, influencing on muscular disbalance elimination.


I would like to talk about some crazy stuff. The general idea is that sometimes ideas are very powerful. I'd like to talk about theory, about the computer as a concept, a philosophical concept.


We introduce the sandwich veto detector that was built for the 2008 and 2009 hadron runs of the COMPASS experiment at CERN. During these beamtimes it was serving as a veto detector for neutral and charged particles outside the spectrometer acceptance, mostly thought to originate from reactions which excited the target. We also present first mass spectra from $\pi^-(190\,\GeV) p \to \pi^- \Kshort \Kshort p$ that were measured in the 2008 hadron run.


A new EPDM Nordel rubber is to the market, representing the fusion of the two latest technologies, gas phase polymerisation with metallocene catalysis. In this paper we look at the character of the polymer and its method of manufacture, in order to understand how it can form a complementary product range to the existing solution polymer, Nordel IP, made also with metallocene catalyst. The introductory product range of 5 polymers is described, with two of them selected to show comparisons of critical compound and vulcanisate properties against comparable solution polymerised grades. The first, MG NDR 47085, is a traditional high viscosity semicrystalline type which has been optimised to meet modern test specifications. The second, MG NDR 47130 is the first of a new class of very high viscosity polymers designed to give similar physical properties when containing even higher levels of extension of filler and oil, than traditional polymers.


The reliability advantages of Ti-Al(Cu)-Ti are introduced in this work. Outstanding tolerance to electromigration damage is measured both single level interconnections and two-level interconnections with tungsten via-studs. A greater than 100* improvement in the median time to failure (t/sub 50/) is measured for Ti-Al(Cu)-Ti interconnections over simple Al(Cu). An integrated, four-level metallization has been realized.<<ETX>>


The adsorption of perylene derivatives on the rutile TiO2(110) surface was studied by quantum-chemical periodic calculations employing the hybrid HF-DFT functional B3LYP. The perylene molecule, which is a possible constituent of dyes in dye-sensitized solar cells, was functionalized by attachment of phosphonic acid or carboxylic acid groups to permit anchoring to the metal oxide surface. The anchor groups were bound to the molecule directly or via different spacer groups, namely -−CH2−, −CH2−CH2−, and −CHCH−. The effects of the anchor and spacer groups on the adsorption geometry and energy, on the electronic structure of the dye−TiO2 interface, and on the electron transfer rates were investigated. The phosphonic acid anchor group was found to bind the perylene derivatives much more strongly to the surface than the carboxylic acid anchor group. The spacer groups were capable of significantly altering electron transfer rates across the dye−metal oxide interface, where the unsaturated groups permitted inject...


Static and dynamic reflection high energy electron diffraction (RHEED) has been applied for studying the initial growth processes of ZnTe crystallized by molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) on vicinal surfaces of GaAs(100) substrates. Atomically smooth ZnTe epilayers have been grown by MBE when in situ thermal desorption of the substrate protecting oxide layer was performed in the ultra high vacuum environment of the vacuum growth chamber just before the growth of ZnTe started. By gradual increasing of the substrate temperature of the crystallized ZnTe epilayers from 300°C to 420°C, when recording the RHEED intensity oscillations at these and eleven intermittent temperatures, it has been shown that the transition from the 2D-nucleation growth mechanism to the step-flow growth mechanism of ZnTe occurs at 410 ° C. Measuring periods of RHEED intensity oscillations recorded during the MBE growth processes it has been demonstrated that the growth rate of ZnTe at constant fluxes of the constituent elements decreases with increasing temperature from 0.37 ML/s at 300°C to 0.22 ML/s at 400°C. PACS numbers: 81.15.Gh, 61.14.Hg


Various applications provide simple ways for individuals interested in investing in crypto assets or stocks - both domestic and international - to do so. One of the companies in this industry, Nanovest, has launched the Nanovest investment application. Since its release in 2022, numerous positive and negative responses have been on Google Play, the App Store, and Twitter. However, Nanovest faces two main problems regarding the use of its application. First, they often receive complaints submitted to the operational team, indicating dissatisfaction or problems faced by users. Second, Nanovest has never conducted formal research regarding user experience in using their application. This indicates a lack of understanding of the perspectives, needs and challenges faced by users. This study tries to find out how the public responds to the Nanovest application through a sentiment analysis. This study used tweet and review data from January 1, 2022, to February 17, 2023. The data underwent sentiment analysis, employing the Naïve Bayes algorithm, and were classified into positive and negative sentiments. The findings revealed that 96.07% of the sentiments expressed towards Nanovest were positive, while 22.11% were negative, with these percentages calculated based on the total number of sentiments detected in the data. To evaluate the model's performance, a 10-fold cross-validation approach was utilized alongside the Naïve Bayes algorithm, resulting in an impressive accuracy rate of 94.8391%. This positive sentiment suggests that users are highly favorable towards the crypto assets and global stock investment services offered by the Nanovest application. Nevertheless, 3.93% of users still expressed dissatisfaction with the app due to some flaws that existed when Nanovest was initially launched. Based on the results that have been obtained and analyzed for the development team, it is recommended to make three improvements, namely reducing application size to minimize memory usage, increasing overall application performance, and increasing access speed across all features to allow application users to access more efficiently. It is recommended for the product team and stakeholders to consider developing the Candlestick chart feature into the application. This also increases the competitiveness of the Nanovest application against other applications.


Job stress is an area of research in which the relationships among job stressors (characteristics of the workplace) and individual strains (responses of the individual worker) are explored. The uncertainty model of occupational stress proposes that the two uncertainties (of effort-to-performance or E-P and performance-to-outcome or P--0 ) are intervening variables between some job stressors and individual strains. It is inherent in the uncertainty model that the two uncertainties can function as intervening variables between some job stressors and individual strains. Also, supervisory practices have long been thought to contribute to role conflict and role ambiguity, and the uncertainty model is therefore consistent with the proposition that conflict and ambiguity would be intervening variables between supervisors' styles and the uncertainties. This study examined these intervening various possibilities. Subjects were 106 employees of 260 (response rate was 41%) in 3 offices of a large accounting firm who responded to questionnaires measuring supervisory styles, job stressors, uncertainties, and outcomes. Overall there was mixed support for the uncertainty theory of occupational stress. Role conflict and role ambiguity were related to estimate effort-to-outcome and performance-to-outcome uncertainties in different, predicted ways. Supervisory styles tenued to be less strongly related to the uncertainties than the role stressors were, and they also tended to be more strongly related to the role stressors than to the uncertainties. (413L) 1C********************************************************************** Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. *********************************************************************


ABSTRACT Perhaps the most significant cultural difference regarding successful aging is that in western countries it is associated with self-sufficiency, while the Chinese focus is on the availability of support from their children. This study uses five waves from the CLHLS to examine the impact of having children on successful aging. Random-intercept Poisson regressions show that having more living children is positively related to successful aging. Co-residence with children does not contribute to better successful aging; but having children living nearby has a positive effect. Therefore, findings from this oldest-old study show that support from children is important in an individual's aging process. Policies should be adjusted to prepare for the future decrease in support from children.


To date, more than 100 loci associated with coronary artery disease (CAD) have been detected in large-scale genome-wide studies. For some of the several hundreds of genes located in these loci, roles in the pathogenesis of the disease have been shown. However, the genetic mechanisms and specific genes controlling this disease are still not fully understood. This study is aimed at in silico search for new CAD genes. We performed a gene-based association analysis, where all polymorphic variants within a gene are analyzed simultaneously. The analysis was based on the results of the genome-wide association studies (GWAS) available from the open databases MICAD (120,575 people, 85,112 markers) and UK Biobank (337,199 people, 10,894,597 markers). We used the sumFREGAT package implementing a wide range of new methods for gene-based association analysis using summary statistics. We found 88 genes demonstrating significant gene-based associations. Forty-four of the identified genes were already known as CAD genes. Furthermore, we identified 28 additional genes in the known CAD loci. They can be considered as new candidate genes. Finally, we identified sixteen new genes ( AGPAT4, ARHGEF12, BDP1, DHX58, EHBP1, FBF1, HSPB9, NPBWR2, PDLIM5, PLCB3, PLEKHM2, POU2F3, PRKD2, TMEM136, TTC29 and UTP20 ) outside the known loci. Information about the functional role of these genes allows us to consider many of them as candidates for CAD. The 41 identified genes did not have significant GWAS signals and they were identified only due to simultaneous consideration of all variants within the gene in the framework of gene-based analysis. These results demonstrate that gene-based association analysis is a powerful tool for gene mapping. The method can utilize huge amounts of GWAS results accumulated in the world to map different traits and diseases. This type of studies is widely available, as it does not require additional material costs.


Abstract An ongoing discussion in ELF research is the ability of ELF speakers to store and retrieve holistic chunks of language, facilitating efficient and fluent production of speech. These questions involve the frequency effects of formulaic chunks of language and their varying degrees of entrenchment for ELF users. In addition, the variable forms in which these chunks may be attested can be treated as approximations of conventional chunks, while serving identical functions. This study addresses these issues by investigating high-frequency organizing chunks in ELF corpora using the Linear Unit Grammar (LUG) framework (Sinclair and Mauranen 2006). Drawing data from the ELFA corpus of spoken academic ELF, the study also considers organizing chunks in written academic ELF from the nascent WrELFA corpus. With ENL comparison data taken from the Michigan Corpus of Academic Spoken English (MICASE), findings are presented on the forms and frequencies of textual and interactive organizing chunks in ELF, with implications for the reality of frequency effects and their connection to distributions of approximated chunks. The lower frequency, organizing chunks showed a higher rate of approximation and number of unique forms, while the higher frequency chunks were primarily attested in conventional forms both in written and spoken ELF.


Reforestation on abandoned agricultural lands is widespread in the belt of boreal forests. We analyzed the morphological and physicochemical properties of a Plaggic Glossic Retisol (Siltic, Cutanic) site that had been abandoned either 7, 19, or 85 years ago, as well as a Glossic Stagnic Retisol (Siltic, Cutanic) as a control. Involvement of forest soils in agricultural use results in the degradation of organic horizons, which are not restored until many decades after the termination of active agricultural use. Arable soil horizons were preserved and were clearly identified 85 years after the land had been abandoned. The morphological features of the eluvial and subeluvial horizons were determined at all sites. Soils at sites that had been abandoned for 7 and 19 years showed lower acidity and higher base saturation compared to the background soil. Total carbon stocks were lower at the abandoned sites. The slow increase of carbon stocks after the soil had been abandoned is caused by C increase as in the organic as in the topsoil mineral horizons. Soils that had been abandoned for 7 and 19 years contained less water‐extractable forms of C and N than the control and 85‐year forest soils. Agricultural use leads to a reduction in C stocks of forest soils. The postagrogenic soil C sequestration rate was estimated to be 30–40 g·m−2·yr−1.


In April 1878 Constable Fitzpatrick was wounded by Ned Kelly while attempting to arrest his brother Dan for horse stealing. The incident triggered the "Kelly outbreak" that elevated Ned to the status of Australia's most notorious historical figure. Ever since the event Fitzpatrick has been almost universally labelled a liar and perjurer, and the various records of his testimony in two trials and a Royal Commission have been assailed as fanciful and unlikely concoctions. This article reconstructs and vindicates Fitzpatrick's version of events after some 140 years of denigration. Ned and his family and associates' various statements and denials about the event emerge as a series of evershifting self-serving fabrications that, together with other evidence, raise doubts about much other prevalent Kelly mythology.


Parsing is a computationally intensive task due to the combinatorial explosion seen in chart parsing algorithms that explore possible parse trees. In this paper, we propose a method to limit the combinatorial explosion by restricting the CYK chart parsing algorithm based on the output of a chunk parser. When tested on the three parsers presented in (Collins, 1999), we observed an approximate three-fold speedup with only an average decrease of 0.17% in both precision and recall.