The Seabee type barge-carrier Yulius Fuchik, the first of two sister ships built by Valmet Oy, Helsinki, for the Soviet-owned Banube-Sea-Line can carry 26 barges each weighing 1,300 tonnes, and these are handled by a winch-operated lifting platform at the stern; two barges can be lifted at the same time. The barges and lifting platform are larger than those of the American Seabee ships, and the hoisting and handling gear is of a different type. The electrical equipment for driving the eight winches and operating the platform was developed and supplied by the Author's firm, AEG-Telefunken, working in conjunction with Kone Oy, the main contractors for the complete barge-handling installation. The article describes the electrical installation for the elevator, and in particular the control and regulating arrangements provided to meet the exacting requirements of the installation. There is a pair of winches for each corner of the platform, and each winch is driven by a shunt-wound d.c. motor rated at 88.5 kW at 1,000 rpm, giving a total power of about 700 kW. At least two generators supply the ship's mains during lifting operations; the winch motors have their own controlled rectifiers. After some general information on this installation, including a brief description of its mechanical components, the control and regulation arrangements are described in detail under the main headings: 1. General Layout of System. 2. Operational Requirements. 3. Central Control Unit. 4. Regulating Arrangements for the Electrical Drive Installation (Regulation of Individual Drive--Regulation of a Pair of Winches--Regulation of Complete Installation). 5. Operational Performance of the Drive Installation. Order from BSRA as No. 54,164.


El Habbasha Two field experiments were carried out in the Research Farm of Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Wady El-Notron Province, El Behaira Governorate, Egypt, during two successive winter seasons of 20122013 and 2013-2014 to study the effect of different concentrations of proline on growth parameters, yield and yield attributes and some chemical constituents of canola under saline conditions. The results showed that plant height, number of leaves.plant -1 , number of branches.plant -1 and dry weight.plant -1 were significantly affected by increasing the proline concentration from 0 to 100 μM. Increasing proline concentrations from 0 to 100 μM with both varieties Serw 4 and Serw 6 significantly increased all yield attributes as compared with control plant (0 proline) except number of seed.siliqua -1 , 1000-seed weight and seed yield.plant -1 . However, Serw 6 with 75 μM proline concentration records the highest values of number of siliqua.plant -1 , 1000-seed weight, seed yield.plant -1 , seed and biological yield.ha -1 , while the highest recorded values of plant height and number of seed.siliqua -1 were recorded at 100 μM proline with Serw 6. Serw 4 + 50 μM of proline records the highest values of Ca, Mg, K, Na and Fe. Also, proline application at 50 μM with the same variety records the highest value of protein per cent, while the highest seed oil content recorded by Serw 4 + proline concentration at 75 μM.


A finite-time linear time-invariant filter for discrete-time stationary systems in singular mode is presented in which the non-singular and coloured measurement noise solutions occur as special oases. The filter provides an optimal state estimate at the end of a specified time interval, identical to that of the reduced-order time-varying Brammer filter. It is characterized by a transfer-function matrix and is almost as easy to implement, as the infinite-time Brammer filter.


Working memory refers to an intriguing and essential problem in cognitive science: How does the brain succeed in maintaining information for certain duration and perform mental operations on the stored information? An important avenue in tackling this issue stems from the relatively well-defined domain of selective attention. The role of selective attention in working memory has become increasingly dominant over the last decades as information stored in working memory has been shown to modulate (external) selective attention processing—and vice versa (for reviews see e.g., Awh and Jonides, 2001; Kiyonaga and Egner, 2013). Indeed, whereas attentional components in traditional working memory models typically relate to executive mechanisms assumed to control and supervise dedicated working memory buffers (e.g., Baddeley and Hitch, 1974; Baddeley, 2000), more recent models envisage working memory as directly and specifically emerging from selective attention turned to long-term memory representations (e.g., Cowan, 1999; Oberauer, 2009).

Despite the prominent role that selective attentional models of working memory play in current cognitive science, there is still much work to do in determining the precise implications of these models for specific aspects and characteristics of working memory—in both healthy and neuropsychological populations. The current Research Topic in Frontiers in Human Neuroscience aims to contribute to this challenge and offers novel empirical observations, state-of-the-art reviews, and intriguing theoretical proposals that illuminate the interplay between selective attention and working memory. In general, these contributions can be categorized into three broad classes of studies:

First, the majority of the papers involve empirical or theoretical efforts directly aimed at a better understanding of the interplay between selective attention and working memory. Camos and Barrouillet (2014) review the literature and identify attentional and non-attentional mechanisms that contribute to the maintenance of information in verbal working memory. Vergauwe and Cowan (2014) conclude on the basis of a review that attentional search within working memory happens at a high-speed processing rate of about 35–40 ms per item, and propose that this rate reflects the involvement of gamma oscillations in the brain. Pedale and Santangelo (2015) investigated to what degree sensory saliency of the item information during encoding modulates the current contents of WM during recollection. van Moorselaar et al. (2015) focus on the reverse relationship and investigate the time course in which information in working memory is protected against interfering visual input. Zokaei et al. (2014) tackle an outstanding question about the representational state of items in working memory that are not prioritized by attentional focusing. Abrahamse et al. (2014) hypothesize that serial order coding in verbal working memory appeals to the spatial attention system and thereby can be synthesized with selective attentional models on working memory in general. Ginsburg and Gevers (2015) conclude from their experiments that serial order in working memory and long-term memory both drive spatial effects but differentially so. De Fockert and Leiser (2014) tackle the relationship between working memory functioning and executive attention and wonder whether the lack of available working memory resources can in some situations enhance information processing. By reviewing the literature, Vandierendonck (2014) elaborates on the link between executive attention and selective attention and proposes a symbiotic model in which their close relationship is stressed. Relatedly, Kiyonaga and Egner (2014) investigate to what degree interactions between external attention and attention in working memory depend on shared attentional resources. Quak et al. (2015) extend these issues by emphasizing the need for a multisensory approach to working memory, and list a number of potential starting points.

Second, the study of the interplay between selective attention and working memory is not only fruitful for increasing our understanding of the cognitive underpinnings of working memory, it also helps us to achieve a better understanding of specific cognitive and behavioral difficulties across various types of populations. Holmes et al. (2014) demonstrate this to be the case for children with ADHD and children with low working memory capacity. In a similar vein Wong et al. (2015) show that this approach is also helpful to describe the subtle cognitive characteristics associated with specific genetic variations, such as the fragile X premutation. Roome et al. (2014) propose and show how the bisectioning of working memory into various (attentional and other) components can help to better understand the (normal) development of working memory.

Third, the current Research Topic also contains studies that extrapolate insights from the interplay between selective attention and working memory to other domains. For example, Meghanathan et al. (2015) investigate whether the availability of working memory resources can be predicted from oculometric parameters, such as eye fixation duration and pupil size. Moreover, Tanaka et al. (2014) use eye-tracking methodology to investigate to what degree individual differences in working memory capacity are predictive of word relocation processes during reading.

Overall, we are convinced that the studies in the current Research Topic provide much food for thought, as well as inspiration to keep up the empirical work on the interplay between selective attention and working memory. We would explicitly like to thank all the authors for their contributions as well as the reviewers for their critical reading.


To examine the cross‐sectional relationship of age, urinary and depressive symptoms and partner status on pain intensity and quality of life (QoL) in chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CP/CPPS).


Such a revolution in the economic incidence of the burden of child-bearing would leave the way open to the play of the best instincts of mankind. To the vast majority of women, and especially to those of fine type, the rearing of children would be the most attractive occupation, if it offered economic advantages equal to those, say, of school teaching or service in the post office. At present it is ignored as an occupation, unremunerated, and in no way honoured by the state. Once the production of healthy, moral and intelligent citizens is revered as a social service and made the subject of deliberate praise and encouragement on the part of the government, it will, we may be sure, attract the best and most patriotic of the citizens. Once set free from the overwhelming economic penalties with which it is at present visited, the rearing of a family may gradually be rendered part of the code of the ordinary citizen's morality. The natural repulsion to interference in marital relations will have free play. The mystic obligations of which the religious-minded feel the force will no longer be confronted by the dead wall of economic necessity. To the present writer it seems that only by some such ' sharp turn' in our way of dealing with these problems can we avoid race deterioration, if not race suicide. – Concluding paragraph.


This article is based on the technology and theory of precision agriculture. It sets forth the variable rate control method based on pulse width modulation which is used on the sprayer in China by discussing the actuality of the variable rate spraying in china and analyzing the disadvantage of the traditional variable spraying technique. This variable rate control system consists of PWM driven solenoids, variable rate controller and the executive software based on GIS maps .It gets the conclusion from large numbers of tests that the PWM method can accord with the requirement on volume control for variable rate sprayer and realize the flow control range of 4:1.


Therecent demandfor extremely thin high-quality steel products makestemperature control anincreasingly determining factor inthefinal quality. Infact, uneven temperature during thin steel production makesthesteelfracture rate increase sharply. This workproposes amethod torecognize acommonuneven temperature pattern knownas thehot-shoulders pattern. Theproposed recognition method iscarried outinthree steps. Firstly, theinfrared image obtainedfrom thesteel strip isprocessed inorder tocalculate theinfrared profiles. Next, eachofthese profiles isprocessed in order todetermine itsshape. Finally, afuzzy approach isusedto determine themembership degree ofeachprofile tothehot- shoulders temperature pattern.


Volumetric, viscometric and ultrasonic studies of uracil in an aqueous urea solution in varying concentration of 2, 3 and 5 M have been carried out at 298, 308 and 318 K. The uracil concentration in the aqueous urea solution varies from 0.05% to 0.4%. Density (ρ), viscosity (η) and sound speed (u) have been measured. The experimental data are used for computing various thermodynamic and acoustic parameters, namely apparent molar volume, isentropic compressibility, apparent isentropic compressibility, relative association, intermolecular free length, acoustic impedance, viscous relaxation time, hydration number, Gibb's free energy, classical absorption coefficient of the solution and viscosity data have been further analysed in the light of Masson's equation and Jones–Dole's equations, respectively. The results have been discussed in terms of solute–solute and solute–solvent interaction and the structural changes of the solutes in solutions. The effect of variation of temperature on these interactions has also been investigated.


Bacterial biosensors are simple, cost-effective and efficient analytical tools for detecting bioavailable heavy metals in the environment. This work presents the design, construction and calibration of a novel whole-cell fluorescent biosensory device that, simultaneously and with high sensitivity, reports the presence of toxic mercury, lead, cadmium and/or gold ions in aqueous samples. This bio-reporter can be easily applied as an immediate alerting tool for detecting the presence of harmful pollutants in drinking water.


The article deals with attempts of usage the concepts of memory for studying urban identity. The starting point of such efforts is the consideration of urban identity using the concept of imagined communities, which means emphasis on the ideas of specifi city of cities and urban residents as the basis of identity. These ideas usually have their origins in percep- tions of the past that enable usage the concepts of memory for identity studies. Memory studies as a part of social studies in broad sense are based on the Durkheimian idea that society always determines any individual phenomena. It means that the society decides what people should remember, how they should evaluate past events, and how they should behave accordingly to these evaluations. Main authors (M. Halbwachs, J. Assmann, P. Ricoeur, P. Nora) one way or another emphasize that every group has its own memory that compete with each other. They argue that memory gives lots of arguments for one in- terpretation of specifi c groups or another according to groups' interests. Which prove that real subject of memory studies is group identity mostly. It is argued that these ideas can be used for study of urban identity because the city usually consists with different groups that have their own memory. This approach was applied for the study of the cities of Lviv and Kharkiv. Different images of these cities were disclosed; combination and competition of different perceptions of each city were shown. Since the modern city is heterogeneous composition of its inhabit- ants, various memories will compete with each other and the issue of which/whose city is will unlikely be completely solved. Accordingly, urban identity remains to be problematic to some extent. Keywords: memory, city, urban identity, imagined community.


Conflicts of interest pose special problems for the professions. Even the appearance of a conflict of interest can undermine essential trust between professional and public. This volume is a comprehensive and accessible guide to the ramifications and problems associated with important issue. It contains fifteen new essays by noted scholars and covers topics in law, medicine, journalism, engineering, financial services, and others.


A SQP algorithm to tackle constrained min-max problems was introduced.Adding just one extra variable,a constrained min-max problem was transformed into sequence quadratic programming problem.It is proved that,under certain reasonable assumptions,the minimize of this sequence quadratic programming problem is equivalent to the minimize of the original constrained one.The numerical results demonstrate that the SQP algorithm is an effective and promising approach for solving constrained finite min-max problems.


In the crystal structure of the title compound, C13H14O6, hydrogen-bonded dimers are held together by the cyclic (COOH)2 synthon. The planar dimers are arranged in layers via additional C—H⋯O interactions. Tight offset-stacking of such layers characterizes the crystal packing.


Labelled proof theory has been famously successful for modal logics by mimicking their relational semantics within deductive systems. Simpson in particular designed a framework to study a variety of intuitionistic modal logics integrating a binary relation symbol in the syntax. In this paper, we present a labelled sequent system for intuitionistic modal logics such that there is not only one but two relation symbols appearing in sequents: one for the accessibility relation associated with the Kripke semantics for normal modal logics and one for the pre-order relation associated with the Kripke semantics for intuitionistic logic. This puts our system in close correspondence with the standard birelational Kripke semantics for intuitionistic modal logics. As a consequence, it can be extended with arbitrary intuitionistic Scott–Lemmon axioms. We show soundness and completeness, together with an internal cut elimination proof, encompassing a wider array of intuitionistic modal logics than any existing labelled system.


This article based the Qinghai area ecological environment question and aims at the sustainable development question from the ecological environment question and in the economical development function,the protection and the construction ecological environment is the Qinghai sustainable development reality choice,the sustainable development strategy and so on the questions has launched some research highly,but the Qinghai area ecological environment faced the question were many.Therefore,proposed had to strengthen the Qinghai ecological environment to protect and to construct and proposed some policies and the suggestion.


We aimed to assess differences in the summer excess of mortality by COVID-19 history using data from the mortality and COVID-19 surveillances. We found 4% excess risk in 2022 summer, compared to 2015-2019. A mortality rate ratio of 1.59 (95%CI 1.39-1.82) for COVID-19 survivors compared to naive, was found. Both were higher in people aged >74 years. During the July heat wave, the excess for COVID-19 survivors decreased and disappeared when excluding people living in nursing homes.


This study aims to determine the ability of the Regional Development Planning Agency in absorbing community aspirations in development planning, and the factors that support and hinder it. This research uses qualitative by taking the research setting or location in Gorontalo Regency. Data collection techniques were carried out using interviews, observation and documentation. Data analysis in this study used analytical techniques with interactive patterns. The results of the study show that the Development Planning Agency still has difficulties in accommodating and accommodating community aspirations through the development planning system so that the results have not been able to fulfill all existing aspirations. in the form of communication has not been able to support the management of community aspirations to run well. Factors supporting the Regional Development Planning Agency in absorbing community aspirations are coordination between stakeholders, availability of information technology, stakeholder participation, and the authority possessed by the institution. While the inhibiting factors are the capabilities and skills of the apparatus, the minimum quality of apparatus resources, political intervention from the authorities, elite domination in setting programs, and the low quality of proposals from the community.


Today, considering the problems of anthropogenic impact on the environment and depletion of natural resources, the development of technological schemes that are the basis for the creation of technologies for the waste processing with the simultaneous receipt of alternative energy sources is relevant.
The alcohol industry has a problem with the utilization of distillery spent wash (DSW), which is formed in large quantities in the process of alcohol production. The use of anaerobic fermentation will allow not only to clear highly concentrated wastewater but also to obtain biogas. The problem of using anaerobic fermentation of pure form of DSW lies in its low pH values, which makes it impossible for fermentation processes and insufficient content of nitrogen compounds to be necessary for the development of microorganisms-destructors and methane producers. Unlike the investigated methods, where chemicals are used to neutralize pH and provide nutrients, we propose to carry out the process of DSW co-fermentation with a poultry manure.
The purpose of the work is to develop a technological scheme for the purification of highly concentrated distillery wastewater with the simultaneous production of biogas.
The proposed technological scheme consists of two stages of fermentation, which allows a high yield of biogas at the expense of a balanced content of nutrients and a dry organic matter content in the first fermenter and stabilizes the pH at the level of 7,0±0,5. In order to achieve the required degree of purification of highly concentrated distillery wastewater (DSW) and the maximum conversion of pollutants into biogas, fermentation of the liquid fraction, after separation of the solid residue, is carried out in a second fermenter.
The rational parameters of the anaerobic fermentation of DSW for obtaining the maximum biogas yield are established: the ratio for dry organic matter of wastewater /DSW /poultry manure – 0.2: 1: 7, the concentration of dry organic matter in the first fermenter - up to 10%, temperature – 40 ± 2 0С, stirring rate – 100 rpm, pH=7,0±0,5.
With the use of the given technological scheme, the output of biogas is 380±20 cm3 /g of dry organic matter, the content of methane in biogas – 70±2%. The COD of water after the solid phase removal after the second fermenter is 500±20 mg O2 /dm3.


Abstract Ten years or more after Geoffrey Chaucer's death in 1400, his younger contemporary, fellow civil servant and amateur poet, self-described disciple, and perhaps even acquaintance, Thomas Hoccleve, wrote of Chaucer:


s of some of the theses listed as completed may be found in "Dissertation Abstracts," published bi-monthly by University Microfilm, Ann Arbor, Michigan. Terrence Cook, The Relationship of Educational and Political Philosophies in Locke, Rousseau and Helvetius. Princeton. Fred S. Coombs, Development Patterns of Political Behavior: The Role Performance of American Children in a Simulated Political System. Illinois. Jerome I. Cooperman, A Critical Comparative Analysis of Three Positions in Contemporary Political Thought: Weldon, Strauss, and Camus. Rutgers. Francis E. Devine, Stoic Philosophy and Natural Law. Syracuse. Patricia B. Edmondson, Jean-Paul Sartre: An Existential Perspective of Freedom. Duke. Eldon Eisenach, Nineteenth-Century Legal Philosophy as It Relates to Theories of the State and Politics, with Special Emphasis on German and English Law. California (Berkeley). J• Peter Euben, The Destructive Understanding of Politics. California (Berkeley). Louis B. Fike, The Political Philosophy of Herbert Spencer. Brown. John G. Fraser, Ideology in Mass Publics. Illinois. Barry W. Greenberg, America's New Radicals: An Existential Analysis. Stanford. Magnus Gunther, Personality and Attitudes Toward Democracy: A Study of the Development of Attitudes Toward Democracy in High School Children. North Carolina. Ken Harris, The Political Thought of Albert Camus: The Limits of Liberalism. Kansas. Kenneth Hayes, The Political Behavior of Specialized Occupations: A Comparative Analysis of the Politics of Professionals in a Small Community. Massachusetts. Nannerl O. Henry, The Liberal Order in the Political Thought of Benjamin Constant. Yale. Dorina G. Hermann, Power and Its Corrupting Influence. California (Los Angeles). Benjamin G. Hoffman, The Political Thought of James Burnham. Michigan. Joyce M. Huntley, The Just War Theory in Contemporary Thought: A Critique of American Military Policy. Duke. John R. Kayser, Introduction to Plato's Republic. Claremonl.


A mixed-compression supersonic inlet with a variable throat can solve the contradiction of the starting capability at low Mach numbers and the total pressure recovery performance at high Mach numbers. However, the variation of the throat area is rather difficult for an axisymmetric supersonic inlet. A new method based on a deforming air cell to control the throat area of an axisymmetric inlet is brought forward and investigated by both experimental and computational methods. The morphing behavior of the deforming air cell in a supersonic wind tunnel is also obtained. The results indicate that the contraction ratio of the inlet can be effectively controlled by the cooperation of the air cell profile under different charging pressures and the cowl inner surface. As compared with a fixed geometry inlet, the total pressure recovery and the corresponding maximum backpressure of the morphing inlet are increased by 25.7 and 31.8%, respectively. In addition, the air cell can withstand the impact of strong oscilla...


The digital dimension assumed by communication in recent years has made it possible to focus more clearly on the model of conglomerates of language and image, whose codes become complementary, producing an autonomous meaning. Internet, especially social media, in fact allow you to observe these conglomerates of language and image while speakers spontaneously create them. Focusing on the fact that the use of language can be non-declarative as well, we realise that linguistic utterances can do more than reflect a meaning, they are words designed to get things done. In the same way work conglomerates of language and image. In multimodal linguistics the meaning of a sentence seems to be given by the effect of different perceptions that are all simultaneously present in the utterance. In network communication this effect is achieved through the so-called multimodal conglomerates or aural material. With the advent of digital culture, they became the object of a specific field of study, and refer both to image science and in the German area to Bildlinguistik (which I translate here in Italian with the term iconolinguistica ). Indeed patterns of "speech-acts", "illocutive acts", can be adapted to other codes. We can talk about Bildakte, "image acts", Bildillokutionen, "image illocutions" and try to transfer categories of linguistics to visual-linguistic communication, in a sort of image pragmatics. It was Soren Kjorup who first tried to develop a model of "pictorial speech act" that is analogous to a speech act. After him Horst Bredekamp conceptualised pictures as more than passive object. On the other hand, we need to develop a linguistic theory and vision that takes into account this expansion of the linguistic context, which is dominated by the presence of conglomerates of language and image, whose codes become complementary, producing an autonomous meaning.


The use of high energy and high intensity ion beams is considered as a potential way of overcoming some critical problems in the nuclear energy industry such as the treatment of nuclear waste or the design of nuclear hybrid reactors which work at subcritical regime. However the design of accelerators which produce such ion beams is itself a scientific and technological challenge. The mathematical modeling of the physical phenomena occurring in these accelerators and the numerical simulation of the corresponding models are a way of providing some aid to this design. In this paper, we consider phenomena which occur in the low energy part of an ion accelerator. An ion beam is extracted from a plasma produced in a reaction chamber and reaches a first accelerating device through a drift


When the embedded dimension of reconstructive phase space increase,applying the traditional adding-weight local-region model,which the weight of neighbor phase points is generally determined by space distance to forecast the chaotic time series,is not so satisfied.In the paper,taking the incidence-degree impact on the dynamical behavior of forecast center point into account,a novel adding-weight local-region linear model for forecasting network traffic is created,with the weight of neighbor phase points defined by incidence-degree between neighbor phase points with forecast center point.The result of simulation shows the presented model can greatly improve precision of network traffic forecasting when the embedded dimension is high,compared with the traditional method.


MORAINES ARE INVESTIGATED WHICH ARE MIXTURES OF CALCAREOUS AND SILICEOUS MATERIALS. THE FIRST PHASE OF SOLUTION WEATHERING IS A DECALCIFICATION. THE REMNANT IS A COLLOIDAL CLAYEY SUBSTANCE THAT IN TEMPERATE CLIMATES IS AT FIRST QUITE MOBILE. THIS SUBSTANCE CHARACTERIZES THE FUNDAMENTAL PROCESS OF SOIL FORMATION THAT IS OF SPECIAL INTEREST IN THIS CONNECTION: THE LESSIVAGE OR CLAY PERMEATION. THE REGULARITY IN THE VARIATION OF SOIL DEVELOPMENT WITH VARIATION IN EXPOSURE CONDITION, AND THE CONSTANCY OF THE BOUNDARY BETWEEN THE UPPER AND LOWER SOIL HORIZONS AT ABOUT 40 CM, RENDER PAIRS OF OPPOSITE DRUMLIN FLANKS FAVORABLE OBJECTS FOR THE STUDY OF THE INFLUENCE OF THE COURSE OF SOIL TEMPERATURE ON SOIL FORMATION. FOR THIS PURPOSE A FOREST-FREE DRUMLIN, NAMED THE WALZENBERG, LOCATED AT THE VILLAGE BOUNDARY OF ALLENSBACH, WAS CHOSEN. THE MICROCLIMATIC INVESTIGATIONS ARE BASED ON THE FOLLOWING CONDITIONS: (1) THE TWO TEST AREAS ARE SITUATED AT AN ELEVATION OF 450 AND 500 M ABOVE SEA LEVEL, IN THE UPPER THIRD OF THE UNFORESTED DRUMLIN, SLOPES OF AN AVERAGE SLOPE ANGLE OF 20 DEGREES TOWARD SOUTHWEST-SOUTH AND NORTHEAST-NORTH, RESPECTIVELY, (2) THE ARTIFICIAL FILLING OF RAW LIME-RICH MORAINE MATERIAL HAS A SINGLE-GRAIN STRUCTURE OF GOOD PERMEABILITY, AND IS NONPLASTIC AND HARDLY SUSCEPTIBLE TO EROSION, AND (3) THE SURFACES OF THE ARTIFICIAL SOIL FILLS WERE FITTED TO THE NATURAL SLOPE AND WERE KEPT CONTINUOUSLY FREE OF VEGETATION. THE FOLLOWING MICROCLIMATIC FACTORS WERE DETERMINED: (1) SOIL TEMPERATURES AT DEPTHS OF 2, 5, 10, 20, 35, 50, 75 AND 100 CM BY CONTINUOUS MECHANICAL RECORDING, (2) PRECIPITATION AND SEEPAGE WATER, AND (3) DRAINAGE. THESE INVESTIGATIONS OF SOIL TEMPERATURES ON BOTH SLOPES OF THE WALZENBERG PRODUCED THE FOLLOWING PRELIMINARY RESULTS:(1) ANALYSIS OF THE 4 GEOTHERM FIELDS RENDERED A GIVEN THERMAL PROFILE, (2) WITH THE AID OF TAUTOCHRONES, A DIVISION INTO 3 PARTS WAS VISUALIZED: THE FANNING OUT OF THE TAUTOCHRONES IN THE ACTIVE UPPER ZONE, THE BOUNDARY LAYER WITH THE LOCALIZED TEMPERATURE INVERSION DURING THE NIGHT HOURS, AND THE ALIGNMENT OF THE TAUTOCHRONES IN THE SAME DIRECTION IN THE PASSIVE LOWER ZONE, AND (3) THE OVERVIEW OBTAINED WITH REGARD TO THE COURSE OF SOIL TEMPERATURES DURING THE GROWING SEASON BY MEANS OF SELECTED TAUTOCHRONE PAIRS LEADS TO THE RECOGNITION OF SUBDIVISIONS THAT ARE FUNCTIONS OF TIME.


The invention relates to a system and a method for storing data in a motor vehicle. As storage medium having a very large storage volume the invention provides for a data storage card which is assigned to the motor vehicle and housed in a vehicle-side interface designed for reading/writing into the storage card. The motor vehicle is equipped with a data bus to which the interface as well as other systems, components and sensors of the motor vehicle are connected. A vehicle-mounted error-diagnosis unit generates malfunction codes which together with other relevant data of different vehicle-side systems are constantly stored in the data storage card so as to generate permanent load profiles and are maintained throughout the service life. The stored data include data on the motor vehicle and its owner, malfunction codes reflecting the state of different systems and components of said motor vehicle, operating data, repair and service information and possibly data regarding mandatory technical checks as well as technical specifications and operating instructions. From an evaluation of these data conclusions can be drawn which are relevant for product improvements and repair strategies and indicate the performance of a motor vehicle in the field.


[Objective]To explore the life satisfactory degree and the related factors among the military population in Anhui province.[Methods]The life satisfactory degree of the 767 military elderly people were measured with questionnaire combined with physical examination.[Results]The elderly had high scores of subjective life satisfactory degree. 461(59.97%)elder people had good scores. The results of logistic regression analysis indicated that marriage,economic income,sleeping situation,nutrition condition,activity of daily living were the influencing factors of life satisfactory degree.[Conclusion]It is suggest that health policy for elder people should emphasize on health care as well as paying more attention to the marriage and quality of family life of elder people.


The aim of master thesis is creation of the marketing strategy for company DOMAPEK s. r. o., which is producing bakery products. The first part of this thesis is focused on theoretical informations which are necessary for successful marketing strategy. After brief characterization of the company DOMAPEK in analytic part there is a situation analysis of the company. This situation analysis includes PEST analysis, Porter´s model of five competitive forces and SWOT analysis. In the closing part there is created an individual project of the marketing strategy of the company DOMAPEK which is supported by analysis of expected costs and analysis of business risks.


The local tissue tolerance after intramuscular injection caused by two multivitamin preparations, two excipient preparations without vitamins and a reference preparation (glycine 2.5%) was determined in albino rats and volunteers by measuring the creatine phosphokinase activity in the blood. The creatine phosphokinase activity was determined 2 h after the injection in the rats and before, 6, 12, 24, and 48 h after the injection in the volunteers. These measurements were compared to findings from an in vitro test using the haemolytic effect of the preparations in human erythrocytes. The haemolytic potential of the drug and excipient preparations was closely correlated to the creatine phosphokinase elevation in rats. The elevation of creatine phosphokinase in the volunteers was not indicative of any differences between the test preparations. Thus it could be shown that the elevation of the creatine phosphokinase activity is useful in demonstrating muscle damage and that the haemolytic potential of the drug and excipient preparations are closely related to the elevation of the creatine phosphokinase activity in rats. However, the results of the elevation of the creatine phosphokinase activity in humans are inconclusive for determining local muscle damage.


Professor Berin U. Yurdadog is one of the pioneers of Library Science and Education in Turkey. This letter, written in her memory, is a sort of pouring out of our hearts. We commemorate our beloved Professor with mercy, respect and gratitude.


In this study, our main focus is on finding alternative fuel resources and utilizing them to eliminate their negative effects. Because of the limitations of petroleum products, the used engine oils can be used in engine as engine oil after purifying it. Production of gasoline like fuel from used engine oil is involving chemical filtrations and blending process. The GLF is produced from waste engine lubrication oil (WLO) using the pyrolitic distillation method. Firstly, the WLO collected in a tank was particulates removed by a refining process. The refined lubrication oil samples were taken into a reactor and blended with some catalysts, and purified from dust, heavy carbon soot, metal particles, gum-type materials and other impurities. A fuel production system mainly consisting of a seven main parts using are waste oil storage tank, filters, a reactor, oil pump, a product storage tank, thermostats and control panel. The characteristic such as density, viscosity, flash point, heating value, sulphur content and distillation of the GLF are deliberated. The gasoline like fuel can be used in gasoline engine without any problem and increases the engine performance.


Goats (Capra hircus hircus) offer an opportunity to more effectively convert pasture nutrients to animal products as milk, meat and fiber which are currently marketable and in demand by a growing segment of the US population. With the introduction of the Boer breed and the upgrading of meat-type goats with Boer genetics, research focusing on forage evaluation, feeding strategies and the development of economical grazing systems was urgently needed to meet the needs of this emerging industry. The first part of this paper focuses on the description of grazing/browsing behavior of goats and grazing management, and grazing strategies such as control and strip grazing, differences between control and continuous grazing, forward creep grazing, limit grazing and co-grazing and multispecies grazing. The second part reports on results from research conducted at North Carolina State University, the objective of the program being the development of year-round grazing systems. Studies were conducted with winter and summer annual forages, cool-season perennials in spring and fall, weaning age in spring on perennial forages, summer perennial forages including gastrointestinal parasite control, evaluation of fodder trees, and finally a demonstration with a volunteer stand of a mixture of a summer annual forage and a broadleaf plant.


Systems Engineering encounters situations where stakeholders disagree. Disagreement shows itself both in the form of different claims and through particular human interaction patterns. In situations of strong disagreement, systems engineers can benefit from social science methods. This paper presents such an approach that combines elements of cultural anthroplogy, family systems therapy, and systems engineering. It is intended to be used to document stakeholder behavior in a more rigorous and defensible manner and to point toward additional technical information that can benefit the systems engineering effort. Knowledge of stakeholder interaction patterns can also enable engineers to form better questions during requirements inquiry and can lead to a healther overall team environment.


Attenuation of ultrasonic waves was measured in different notched specimens of Poly(methylmethacrylate) (PMMA) at different points of crack propagation path. Crack propagation takes place when specimens, with initial single edge notch produced using sharp milling cutter, are subjected to different crosshead speeds of a tensile testing machine. These measurements were performed on specimens having different thicknesses by using pulse echo technique at different frequencies. Attenuation measurements results were confirmed by microscopic images. The present study showed that attenuation increases when crack propagation speed increases as a result of an increment of crosshead speed of the applied load. Such relation is not affected by the specimens' thickness. The resulting attenuation curves elucidated the neck zone of the crack.


Trypanosoma cruzi causing Chagas' disease needs to invade host cells to complete its life cycle. Macromolecules on host cell surfaces such as laminin, thrombospondin, heparan sulfate, and fibronectin are believed to be important in mediating parasite-host cell adhesions and in the invasion process of the host cell by the parasite. The SELEX technique (systematic evolution of ligands byexponential enrichment) was used to evolve nuclease-resistant RNA ligands (aptamer = to fit) that bind with affinities of 40–400 nm to parasite receptors for the host cell matrix molecules laminin, fibronectin, thrombospondin, and heparan sulfate. After eight consecutive rounds of in vitroselection four classes of RNA aptamers based on structural similarities were isolated and sequenced. All members of each class shared a common sequence motif and competed with the respective host cell matrix molecule that was used for displacement during the selection procedure. RNA pools following seven and eight selection rounds as well as individual aptamers sharing consensus motifs were active in inhibiting invasion of LLC-MK2 monkey kidney cells by T. cruzi in vitro.


The method was suggested and the laser control set-up was developed of the arrow bend and bend profile of the semiconductor wafers. It was established, that on the basis of determining the inclination angle of tangent at any point of the surface due to deflection registration of the r eflected laser beam from the position, corresponding to reflection from the ideally plat surface, by means of its scanning by one of the wafer diameters it is possible to determine its bend profile.


It uses the camera to collect face and ocean image information, and realizes face input and robot automatic startup based on OpenCV visual library. The main controller uses Raspberry Pi 4B and STM32 to monitor the video information on the ocean in real time according to the camera, control the robot to move and pick up garbage, remotely control the robot through Wi-Fi wireless communication, and use the turbidity sensor to collect and display the current ocean turbidity information during the robot movement. This design has the characteristics of low cost, simple and friendly GUI interface, good stability and so on.


We suggest and realize experimentally quantum walks on a spectral photonic lattice with optically tunable long-range and complex hopping coefficients facilitated by nonlinear parametric interactions, enabling asymmetric frequency shaping and Talbot effect with arbitrary periodicity.


Tall man (uppercase) letters are used within a drug name to highlight its primary dissimilarities and help to differentiate look-alike names.1 Several studies have shown that highlighting sections of words using tall man lettering can make similar drug names easier to distinguish,2 and fewer errors are made when tall man letters are used to differentiate products with look-alike names.3,4

The Institute for Safe Medication Practices (ISMP),5–7 the FDA,8 The Joint Commission,9 and other safety-conscious organizations such as the National Association of Boards of Pharmacy (NABP)10 have promoted the use of tall man letters as one means of reducing confusion between similar drug names. From a survey conducted by the ISMP in 2008, most respondents appeared to agree. Nearly all of those surveyed (87%) felt that the use of tall man letters by the medical product industry helped to reduce errors in drug selection, and two-thirds (64%) reported that tall man lettering actually prevented them from dispensing or administering the wrong medication.

A fully alphabetized list of drug names with tall man lettering can be found at www.ismp.org/Tools/tallmanletters.pdf.11 A partial list of drug names that have been approved by the FDA is presented in Table 1. Additional examples are shown in Table 2.

TABLE 1

Examples of FDA-Approved Generic Drug Names With Tall Man Letters

Table 2

Examples of Additional Drug Names With Tall Man Letters


WT5BZ]According to thermodynamic consideration, it is possible that, during alloying MoSi_2 with WSi_2, Mo_5Si_3 W_5Si_3 particles can be introduced in the [Mo (1-x) ,W_x]Si_2 powder by the method of self propagating high temperature combustion synthesis [Mo_ 0 87 ,W_ 0 13 ]Si_2/ [Mo 0 87 ,W_ 0 13 ] 5Si 3 composite powder was synthesized by the method It was confirmed that Mo_5Si_3 W_5Si_3 exists in a form of solid solution of [Mo_ (1-x) ,W_x]_5Si_3


This thesis is to estimate the currency of narrative literature, among the contemporary Korean novels accepted as 'a work of a question', taking Guest, Jokes of antiquity, Minor League, A Woman of Lucanus maculifemoratus as subject of study. The results are as follows. In the first place, it is the realities of digital age that Guest and Minor League set as a background alike. In Guest, a big discourse is detailed, that is, regarding Christianity as the plague, smallpox, and prescribing US army for a satan who kills peoples of North Korea. On the other hand, In Minor League, the actual problems are diluted by wagging an age of a good cause with a jokey ability of speaking. Guest carries on the critical view on the real by accepting, and changing the technique of realism, but Minor League fails to embody the objectivity which is the characteristics of narrative literature, only to borrow the conception of realism. Guest surpasses restrictions, tangible or not, of reflecting the real thing by making the shadow of a shade, and a ghost. Such narrative techniques are considered successful strategies as a method to realize writer's consciousness making people's problem the topic again. In the second place, contrasty review is possible in respect that jokes of antiquity and A Woman of Lucanus maculifemoratus has an archtype of existence, way being of the modern man as a basic motif. But the result is contradictory. In Joke of antiquity, the narrative contrivance is not found lined with digital age. In A Woman of Lucanus maculifemoratus, narrative quality is acquired revealing the tendency of the contemporary society successfully by visionary techniques which are being used frequently in recent popular novel. It is most evident in creation of cyborg which exist like a phantom in the area of crumbling down the border between men and things, characteristics of digital age. In the third place, A Woman of Lucanus maculifemoratus has got a accomplishment over established technique by a post-modern subject, favored by public reader with the advent of digital age, and being detailed through visionary motif. In this respect. this novel could be laid at the first position in the Korean narrative literature; for acquiring the reality in characterizing gloomy identity of the modern man as alienated person who loves Lucanus maculifemoratus. It is worthwhile to review the 'visionary' utilized as an the narrative technique in Guest, A Woman of Lucanus maculifemoratus in comparison with that of old novel in further research. The reason is that an hypothesis that certain quality can be found through this technique having lasted in the Korean narrative literature could be built.


Nor Polish neither Ukrainian linguists have dealt with the comparison of biological vocabulary related to the study of mushrooms – mycology yet. The present article is an attempt at starting such studies and it focuses on the collection of selected names of edible mushrooms functioning in the Ukrainian and Polish languages with their semantic properties being the starting point. What is an essential element of the paper is the table comprising 79 names of edible mushrooms (in Latin, Ukrainian and Polish) as well as a preliminary classification of myconyms. The number of the categories is significantly high and they include the colour features of mushrooms, the place of their existence, their taste, similarity to objects, co-existence with other plants, the properties of their look etc.


Cardiac pacing has developed into a technically reliable and efficient treatment for patients with bradycardic heart diseases. Randomized controlled trials have been done documenting the efficacy of this treatment with respect to improvement in quality of life and reduction in morbidity as well as to which pacing mode to select. However, in each centre performing pacemaker implantations, a continuous work still should be done aiming at improvement of treatment quality and at reducing side effects and complications. For this purpose, the regular feedback from obligatory well-organized quality control programmes is invaluable.

Nowak et al. 1 present a study of the effect of patient gender on pacemaker implantation based upon analysis of pre- and peri-operative data from a cohort of 17 800 consecutive patients undergoing primary pacemaker implantation and reported as part of an obligatory external quality control programme. Some very interesting findings regarding pacing mode selection and complications of pacemaker treatment appeared in this analysis.

A surprisingly high percentage of patients received a single-lead ventricular (VVI) pacemaker system instead of a physiological pacemaker system that preserves synchrony between the atria and the ventricles. More women than men were treated with VVI pacing. Restricting the analysis to patients treated in small centres performing less than 20 pacemaker implantations per year, the gender differences were extreme, with 60% of women receiving VVI devices vs. 45% of men, but still in the remaining larger centres as many as 39% of women and 33% of men were treated with VVI devices. In the elderly population, significantly more women than men received VVI pacemaker systems, both in …

*Corresponding author. Tel: +45 89 49 55 66, Fax: +45 89 49 60 02, Email: jenniels{at}rm.dk


Present research paper is focusing on the impact of advertising on consumer buying behaviour with reference to FMCG. Brand image, persuasiveness, and celebrity endorsement in the advertising are the key factor, which raise the consumer's intentions toward the product and buying behaviours. In the present era consumers are the king of the market. Without consumer no business organisation can run. All the activities of the business concerns end with the consumers and consumer satisfaction. The primary data of the study is collected through questionnaires. And the secondary data was collected from internet, journals and business magazines. A sample of 100 respondents was taken. The study explores that a creative and well executed advertisement has always a great impact on the buying trends and the purchasing behaviours of the consumers. At the same time quality of the of the product and price are also included with their strong impact on buying behaviour of consumer. Therefore the study conclude that the positive impact of all these factors on buying behaviour of consumers towards brand which helps in promotion of the advertising product and changes the buying behaviour towards buying intentions.


Summary The modeling of the response of the human head to blast like loading is of importance for many applications including the study of traumatic brain injury resulting from improvised explosive devices. One key issue in simulating the response of the head is to have models that are characteristic of the response of the head and its components under these conditions. We review different characterization efforts for evaluating the response of the skin, skull, and brain within this window of response and use these results to develop models appropriate for the characterization of each component. We discuss efforts made to construct an artificial head model capable of simulating similar results in a blast environment.


In 1767 German author and critic Gotthold Ephraim Lessing launched his beautifully written polemics against French drama: he called it frightful, vain, all too rational and idealist, focused on rules and norms only. Lessing wished to ban this kind of drama from the German stage, which was still in its infancy (Lessing, of course, called it "barbarian"): indeed, during its brief period of existence, the Hamburg national theater, Lessing's theater of reference at which he himself was employed as a critic, played 70 French, 40 German, 5 Italian, and 4 English dramas, plus a Dutch text.1 Though Lessing (like Moses Mendelssohn and Friedrich Nicolai) himself aimed to direct German theater toward the English – according to him, in retrospect Shakespeare beat Voltaire – German literature and theater history thereafter stressed the influence of French drama up to the 1760s and credited the discovery of Shakespeare on the German stage to Lessing and his contemporaries.2 Lessing's polemic led to an unintended effect: the forgetting of the relevance of English theater and drama in the early modern German context.3 It goes without saying that ascriptions like these suffer from the dominance of "the national" in histories of theater and literature as well as from – so to


Background: Pump thrombosis is a dreaded complication in patients with left ventricular assist devices (LVADs). Intravenous anticoagulation is often instituted prior to surgical pump exchange. The use of eptifibatide, a glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitor has been reported with data showing increased adverse events by as much as 65%. This study evaluated eptifibatide use for suspected pump thrombus/thrombosis and bleeding outcomes

Methods: This was a single center retrospective study of eptifibatide use in patients with suspected pump thrombus. All LVAD patients who received eptifibatide for suspected pump thrombus from October 22, 2011, through April 19, 2014 were included. Pump thrombosis was suspected if one or more was present: elevated lactate dehydrogenase, decreased haptoglobin, elevated free plasma hemoglobin and persistently elevated powers. The study was approved by the institutional board review.

Results: A total of 17 patients (13 Heart Mate II, 3 Heart Ware and 1 Abiomed AB5000 LVAD) with 25 admission events received eptifibatide (dose range, 0.25-2 μg/kg/min). The mean time from device implantation to eptifibatide therapy was 660 days (range: 1 - 1809 days). 9 (36%) patients underwent pump exchange while the rest resolved medically. 7 (28%) patients had confirmed Pump/LVAD thrombus while 3 (12%) had major bleeding events (1-GI, 1-Oral and 1-Acute Intracranial Hemorrhage) requiring drug interruption. 8(47%) patients had combined 11 minor mucosal bleeding events (Oral-2, GU-5, GI-1 and Nasal-3) that did not require therapy interruption. 2 of the 3 (67%) patients with major bleeding died as a result.

Conclusions: Minor bleeding is more common than major bleeding with eptifibatide use in patients with suspected pump thrombus. Comparative effectiveness studies of eptifibatide therapy in suspected pump thrombosis are needed to assess risk benefit ratio.


The Paul Scherrer Institut (PSI) has a project to build a compact, high brightness free electron laser. For this purpose a new 2.5-cell RF gun has been designed at PSI and is now ready to be manufactured. The RF gun plays an important role in preserving beam emittance and hence to deliver a high quality beam to the injector. We present beam dynamic studies on the effect of cell length variations using two different codes OPAL and ASTRA. Furthermore laser spot size and RF gradient are scanned to find the best working point of the injector. The simulation results show that the SwissFEL injector requirements ( ≤0.4 μm normalized projected emittance) can be achieved with this new RF gun design.


Student engagement is critical to creating a collaborative and involved learning environment. The pandemic brought the class room engagement between the faculty and the students to a halt. We tried to find different avenues for the students to reach out to the faculty and to have an open forum to facilitate discussions among themselves. This approach helped us in increasing engagement and also allowed students who would normally not speak during the class hours to contribute to the overall learning during the course. JEL Codes: I20, I23, I29


ABSTRACT Sprague-Dawley rats were fed with normal (Control), high cholesterol (HC), and high cholesterol containing 3.5% pectin- hydrolytic activity industrial enzyme (Viscozyme L)-treated tomato cakes (ETC) for 4 weeks. In the first week, the weight gain of the HC-fed group was significantly increased to 151.7% (p<0.05), compared to the 115.4% weight gain of the ETC-fed group. The feed efficiencies of the Control- and ETC-fed groups (0.236± 0.041 and 0.447±0.030, respectively) were significantly different to those of HC-fed group (0.355±0.034) (p<0.05). The kidney and epididymal fat pad of the rats fed with ETC were decreased to 0.303 g and 0.274 g, respectively. There were no significant differences in serum cholesterol, triglycerides, high density lipoprotein- cholesterol or low density lipoprotein-cholesterol levels between the HC- and ETC-fed groups. The ETC-fed group exhibited appro-ximately a 1.1-fold higher total antioxidant activity determined by 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) radicals than the HC-fed group at 2 weeks. Glutathione peroxidase activity of the ETC-fed group exhibited 2.5-and 1.3-fold increases at 2 and 4 weeks, respectively.


Many of the synthetic as well as herbal drugs despite of their notable in vitro finding demonstrate insignificant in vivo activity majority of times due to poor bioavailability. As per Biopharmaceutical Classification System (BCS) one of the main concern is low solubility and/or permeation of drugs resulting in reduced absorption and poor bioavailability. To overcome these issues the various strategies have been adopted including use of permeation enhancers which are also known as bioenhancers. Bioenhancers are synthetic or natural compounds that increases the bioavailability of drugs and nutrients such as vitamins, amino acids, minerals, etc. into the systemic circulation and at the site of action for exhibiting improved therapeutic action. By improving bioavailability, bioenhancers can lead to reduction in drug dose, decrease in the treatment period and can circumvent the problem of drug resistance. Numerous studies have reported application of synthetic bioenhancers. On the other hand, owing to the natural origin, plant based bioenhancer can serve as better alternative. Literature review have revealed that the plant-based bioenhancers have been used in with a wide varieties of drugs including antibiotics, antiviral and anti-cancer. These can be categorized based on their sources and the mechanism of activity. This review will provide a systematic and detailed overview of the various plant based bioenhancers and applications.


The ability to analyze a piece of music for tempo and beat information has many applications, especially in the field of music information retrieval (MIR). They include the broad categories of song comparison, harmonic analysis, mood analysis, and song retrieval. Our tempo tracking and beat-annotation algorithms work to extract the implicit beat information present in music audio files. We use a high performance software package for scientific and engineering computation (MATLAB) to analyze music of several genres in the form of general audio. Our purpose is to extract the time-variable tempo for each piece and phase-aligned beats for each piece. Once these are found we superimpose a synthetic beat track onto the original signal for evaluation purposes.


One characteristic of living organisms is the integration of functions that they show at all levels toward fulfilling purpose in a consistent and harmonious way. In this paper, the concept of integration will be approached at a behavioral level and will be seen as a psychological process that gives coherence and self-direction to behavior. It is a process that organizes the moment-by-moment responses of an organism to form coherent molar behavioral units that, in turn, are integrated and unified parts of a life history with its own organization, coherence, and consistency.


Caesarean delivery or sectio ceaserea (SC) is a surgical process to give birth to a fetus through incisions in the abdominal and uterine walls. This action generally causes anxiety in mothers who will undergo childbirth. Objective: Knowing the effect of Javanese Langgam music on anxiety in pre-sectio caesarea patients. A pre-experimental design with one group pre and posttes without control group design. The study used 46 accidental sampling techniques. Data analysis with paired t test. 39 respondents (84,8%) were not in the category of risky ages, 21 respondents (45,7%) were secondary graduates, 21 respondents (76,1%) were housewives, and 27 respondents (58,7%) were primipara parity. The average patient's anxiety was 19,04 with a standard deviation of 3,25 before Javanese Langgam style music and it was 11,83 with a standard deviation of 2,93 qfter the treatment. Based on the statistical test result, it obtained p-value 0.05, there is an effect of Javanese music style a ward the anxiety in patiens with pre section caesarea p-value 0.000. Conclusion: Javanese Langgam music effect on anxiety in pre-sectio caesarea patients in Banyumas Regional Hospital with p-value 0.000. Hand music can be a powerful mood regulator that can cause relaxation and reduce maternal anxiety pre CS.
 Keywords: Javanese style, anxiety, pre sectio caesarea


Two-dimensional assemblies of packed alkyl chains can be viewed as stacks of microlayers or strata, where each stratum is comprised of closely packed atomic groups with intrachain bonding constraints between the strata. A perturbing stratum can be introduced by imposing spacing, symmetry, and size constraints in one of the strata that are incommensurate with close-packing requirements of the other strata. Using molecular mechanics and dynamics simulations, we study two concrete examples: a chemisorption potential incompatible with planar close-packing and a mid-chain bulky group. We find a progressive rearrangement from the packing at the perturbing stratum toward a lower energy-packing, at the expense of progressive distortions of the chains that increase their total bond angle energy. The experimental implications of such rearrangements are discussed briefly.


The developments of deep learning in natural language processing (NLP) in recent years have resulted in an unprecedented amount of computational power and data required to train state-of-the-art NLP models. This makes lower-resource languages, such as Swedish, increasingly more reliant on language transfer effects from English since they do not have enough data to train separate monolingual models. In this study, we investigate whether there is any potential loss in English-Swedish language transfer by evaluating two types of language transfer on the GLUE/SweDiagnostics datasets and comparing between different linguistic phenomena. The results show that for an approach using machine translation for training there is no considerable loss in overall performance nor by any particular linguistic phenomena, while relying on pre-training of a multilingual model results in considerable loss in performance. This raises questions about the role of machine translation and the use of natural language inference (NLI) as well as parallel corpora for measuring English-Swedish language transfer.


Our research is focused on defining the functions of histone modifying enzymes in normal cells, so that we can understand how alterations in these activities contribute to tumor development or progression. Many of our studies focus on the SAGA complex, which houses both histone acetyltransferase (HAT; Gcn5) and deubiquitylase (DUB; USP22) activities, as well as core module that has features resembling both the histone octamer and TFIID. In an effort to dissect the roles of these modules in SAGA, we have made mice bearing mutations in GCN5, including a deletion allele, a mutant hat mutant allele, and a mutant bromodomain allele. We have also created mice null for USP22 and mice that overexpress this DUB. Our data revealed that Gcn5 is an important co‐activator for Myc in regulating self‐renewal of mouse ES cells, as a Yamanaka factor in stimulating conversion of differentiated cells towards an induced pluripotent state, and as an oncogene. The SAGA DUB module is also implicated in cancer, as the USP22 catalytic subunit is overexpressed in several highly aggressive human tumors. Our data indicate that USP22 drives TGF‐beta and receptor tyrosine kinase signaling pathways that are critical both to normal developmental processes and to oncogenesis. Altogether, our studies indicate that both Gcn5 and USP22 may provide unique targets for development of new cancer therapies.


The result of ULV spray of Shachongyou and low volume spray of chlorbenzuron against Dendrolimus superans with GA-200 aircraft showed both the pesticides were high effective,stable,rapid and lasting.Shachongyou at the dosage of 2.25 kghm~2 and chlorbenzuron 1.5 kghm~2 could effectively check the outbreak of pine caterpillars and had little effect on parasitoids.


The work thinking should be changed for enterprise efficiency supervision.Multiple and deep level is focused on instead of taking temporary solution to continually spread efficiency supervision area;in supervision timing,after-the-event supervision is changed to supervision ahead of and during the event,which gives priority to the advance intervention and overall monitoring;in work principle,"round outside and square inside" is changed to " the unity of inside and outside"to eliminate the "Special Zone" of the supervision.We should conduct "four innovations" in real work,i.e.,idea innovation,system innovation,field innovation and method innovation.


This article provides a comprehensive overview of the contribution of linguistic research on Portuguese as a heritage language in Germany to the general understanding of heritage language development. From 1955 to 1973, nearly 166,000 Portuguese migrants found work in Germany as so-called 'guest workers' (Gastarbeiter). Because the aim of many Portuguese migrant families was to return to Portugal, their children met relatively good conditions for the acquisition of their heritage language. Nonetheless, second-generation heritage speakers (HSs) show some linguistic particularities in comparison to monolingual Portuguese speakers in Portugal. Based on the results of previous research, we show that the following factors shape the linguistic knowledge of this group of bilinguals: (1) Restricted exposure to the heritage language may cause a delay in the development of certain linguistic structures, (2) deviations from the standard norm may be related to the lack of formal education and the primacy of the colloquial register and (3) heritage bilinguals may accelerate ongoing diachronic development. We argue that apparent effects of influence from the environmental language can often have alternative explanations.


Managing its processes is one of the major tasks an organization has to perform in order to maintain its competitiveness. The main objective of process management is to find the most efficient and effective way to transform customer requirements into customer satisfaction. Frameworks such as CMMI or the German V-Modell XT are standards for assessing organizational and software process maturity. They can be used for benchmarking against an ideal set of process requirements and provide guidance on which process areas have to be covered as a minimum. However, they do not propose concrete SE technology∗ to be used in specific project situations. The International Conference on Product Focused Software Process Improvement (PROFES) has a long tradition of researchers and practitioners publishing their findings regarding the appropriateness of new technologies in the context of software process improvement. PROFES 2008 was held in Frascati—Monteporzio Catone, Rome, Italy from June 23–25, 2008. PROFES 2008 addressed both process management and quality engineering topics, including aspects of processes, methods, techniques, tools, organizations. PROFES 2008 addressed different development modes, roles in the value chain, stakeholders' viewpoints, and collaborative development as well as economic and quality aspects. Agile development was again included as one of the topics. The technical program was selected by a committee of leading experts in software process improvement, software process modeling, and empirical software engineering research. This year, 61 papers from 23 nations were submitted, with each paper being assigned to at least three reviewers. After a thorough evaluation, the program committee finally selected 31 technical full papers containing solutions emerging from practice as well as research results from academia. We would like to thank all participants, the inspiring keynote speakers—Prof. Antonia Bertolini from Software Engineering Research Laboratory (Italy), Prof. Kurt Schneider from University of Hanover (Germany), and Mr. Horst Degen-Hientz from KUGLER MAAG CIE (Germany)—, as well as the tutors and workshop co-chairs of co-located events. In this issue of Journal of Software Maintenance and Evolution: Research and Practice, we have four papers under the umbrella topic of process management. The papers were selected as being among the best papers of PROFES 2008—based on the reviewer scores. First, out of the 31 papers selected, the seven best papers were invited to submit a journal version for this special issue. Each submission was reviewed by three independent reviewers. Based on the results of the reviews, four papers were selected for inclusion and revised accordingly.


To elucidate the clinicopathological correlations among vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), microvessel density (MVD) and tumor suppressor gene p53 in hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs), we adopted a new definition of "VEGF overexpression."


Remifentanil, an ultra-short acting opioid, exhibits at low doses distinct sedative properties that may be useful for supplementation of regional or local anesthesia. We described two patients suffered from serious underlying medical problems who underwent unilateral inguinal herniorrhaphy. One of them was 61 year-old male patient who had type B viral hepatitis, Child class B liver cirrhosis and rheumatoid arthritis with severe joint deformity including instability of cervical vertebrae. The other patient was 73 year-old man who had severe coronary artery occlusive disease which was recently managed with coronary stent and was underwent hemodialysis three a week due to chronic renal failure. successfully complications respiratory all and surgeon very with MAC. Pain


Most current information management systems can be classified into text retrieval systems, relational/object database systems, or semistructured/XML database systems. However, in practice, many applications data sets involve a combination of free text, structured data, and semistructured data. Hence, integration of different types of information management systems has been, and continues to be, an active research topic. In this paper, we present a short survey of prior work on integrating and inter-operating between text, structured, and semistructured database systems. We classify existing literature based on the kinds of systems being integrated and the approach to integration. Based on this classification, we identify the challenges and the key themes underlying existing work in this area.


This paper proposes a chaos-based image encryption scheme where one 3D skew tent map with three control parameters is utilized to generate chaotic orbits applied to scramble the pixel positions while one coupled map lattice is employed to yield random gray value sequences to change the gray values so as to enhance the security. Experimental results have been carried out with detailed analysis to demonstrate that the proposed image encryption scheme possesses large key space to resist brute- force attack and possesses good statistical properties to frustrate statistical analysis attacks. Experiments are also performed to illustrate the robustness against malicious attacks like cropping, noising, JPEG compression. Index Terms—Chaotic system, Coupled map lattice, Ergodicity, 3D skew tent map, Image encryption scheme


The theory of air age was introduced.The effect of air age in pressurization room air quality evaluation of space station was discussed.Research progress of numerical simulation and validation test of air age distribution in pressurization room of space station domestic and abroad was summarized.Suggestions were put forward for numerical simulation and validation test of air age in pressurization room of space station.


At present,parameterization methods to describe cloud and precipitation processes are widely used in cloud and mesoscale models,but with different drop size distributions.When precipitation formation mechanism,weather modification technique,and mechanism of hail suppression with seeding are studied by using these models,a question that needs to be addressed is:what is the influence of different drop size distributions and related parameters on cloud and precipitation?In this paper,by using a three-dimensional hail cloud numerical model developed by the Institutes of Atmospheric Physics,Chinese Academy of Sciences, we performed numerical experiments with varied drop size distribution parameters for two hail storms,and analyzed the influence of shape parameters(ar,ai,and ag)of raindrops,ice crystal,and graupel size distributions on rainfall,hail amount,and microphysical processes in clouds.The results show that the variation of ar has no effect on precipitation formation on the whole,but affects directly the production rates for the physical processes related to raindrop.The ag variation has a less obvious effect on rainfall amount,but has a significant effect on hail amount,hailfall rate,and rainfall intensity.It impacts noticeably on the generation rate of the number and mass of ice crystal,graupel,and hail,and also to various degrees on all the microphysical processes in clouds.The ag variation also influences the growing process of the hydrometeors.The effects of the ai variation on part of the generation and growing processes of all the hydrometeors are significant,and even dramatic,such as the collection process of cloud water to rain through melting ice crystal(T CLcir).However,for clouds located in different geographic regions,the variation of ai has different effects on precipitation,which reflects the complexity of the impact of drop size distribution on cloud and precipitation.At last,some issues about the application of cloud models are also discussed.


A calculation model based on artifical neural networks technology was proposed and used in the calculation of activity coefficients of methanol propanol water system. It could be used easily and the result was accurate.


The Engine cylinder is one of the major automobile components, which is subjected to high temperature variations and thermal stresses. In order to cool the cylinder, fins are provided on the surface of the cylinder to increase the rate of heat transfer. By doing thermal analysis on the engine cylinder fins, it is helpful to know the heat dissipation inside the cylinder. We know that, by increasing the surface area we can increase the heat dissipation rate, so designing such a large complex engine is very difficult. The main aim of the present paper is to analyze the thermal properties by varying geometry, material and thickness of cylinder fins. Transient thermal analysis determines temperatures and other thermal quantities that vary over time. The variation of temperature distribution over time is of interest in many applications such as in cooling. The accurate thermal simulation could permit critical design parameters to be identified for improved life. We are Using Aluminum and bronzeMaterial used to manufacturing cylinder fin body.


SARCOCYSTIS species are common, ubiquitous, sporozoan parasites of herbivores. There are four species in sheep; two nonpathogenic macrocyst species which produce grossly visible cysts in muscle and two potentially pathogenic microcyst species. The two macrocyst species (Sal-cocystis medusifowmis and S ovijelis) are often found in oesophageal muscle and are an occasional cause of carcase condemnation in some countries. They only rarely occur in Britain. Microcyst species are found mainly in the myocardium and striated muscle and are present in at least 85 per cent of sheep of nine months of age. Occasionally, cysts may also be found in the brain. The life cycle of the parasite and the identity of pathogenic species of Sai-cocystis are now well established but diagnosis of disease in field cases remains problematic, mainly because of the vague character of the clinical signs and the lack of a serological test to differentiate severe, acute and subacute infection from asymptomatic intercurrent infection. At present, confirmation of disease is dependent upon histopathology and for this it is necessary to demonstrate the presence of parasites in association with lesions. However, parasites are not invariably detected in the tissues of infected sheep. Saicocv:stis species are obligate two-host parasites. The sheep is the intermediate host of the two macrocyst species, S medusXiftwnis and S ovijelis, which have a sheep-cat cycle. The two microcyst species, S arieticanis and S teniella, usually have a sheep-dog cycle but it has also been shown that the fox is an efficient final host for them. As the macrocyst species are thought to be non-pathogenic, the rest of this article will be concerned only with the pathogenic microcyst species.


Background In the literature on nipple-sparing mastectomy (NSM) with one-stage immediate implant reconstruction, contralateral symmetrisation has drawn little attention, with many surgeons still performing standard cosmetic mammaplasty procedures. However, standard implant-based mammaplasty usually does not result in proper symmetry with the mastectomy side, especially regarding breast projection, overall shape, and volume distribution. Methods We retrospectively reviewed 19 consecutive patients undergoing unilateral NSM with immediate prosthetic reconstruction and contralateral simultaneous symmetrisation by using the tailored reduction/augmentation mammaplasty technique between June 2012 and August 2013. Results The average follow-up time was 13 months (range, 10-24 months). No major complications, such as infection, haematoma, and nipple-areola complex necrosis, were experienced. Conclusions Our experience suggests that simultaneous contralateral symmetrisation with tailored reduction/augmentation mammaplasty after unilateral immediate implant reconstruction after NSM facilitates durable and pleasant symmetric outcomes.


The COVID-19 pandemic started toward the end of 2019 and social distancing requirements imposed worldwide led to the rapid growth of online shopping, adversely impacted the global efforts for environmental protection. This study examines packaging and logos as stimuli to explore visual attention and attraction, arousal, and environmental awareness using eye tracking and a survey questionnaire. The results suggest that reusable packaging can enhance both attention and attraction. As a result, through the comprehensive data of the eye tracker, it was found that the reusable packaging and monotone logo can attract consumers' attention faster than the original packaging. Post-event independent sample t-tests should prove that reusable packaging can positively impact consumers.


Tokagi, H and Watanabe [1] Yano, Y. [2], Mishra, R.S. [3], Pandey [4] etc., have studied H-Conformal  Curvature tensor , The studies of Cosymplectic manifold with orthogonal basis equipped with different structure have been made by Yano [2 ], Tokagi [1] and Mishra[3]. Here we have discussed Cosymplectic manifold Mn (n=2m+1) possessing the orthonormal basis {ei,Fei}, i=1, 2, 3-------------2m of unit vector which are normal to the contact vector T, we have obtained the expression relating the sectional curvature and scalar curvature in H-Conformal  curvature tensor.


A field experiment was conducted to study effects of controlled-release coated urea of 60-d release duration(CU60) combined with conventional urea(U) on dry matter and N accumulation amount at silking stage,nitrogen use efficiency,aboveground biomass nitrogen accumulation amount,yield,economic benefits for spring maize.In addition,nitrogen release was carried out under field conditions.The results indicated that when the same dosage nitrogen was applied,the ratios of dry matter and N accumulation amount after silking stage were higher than those of CK2.After comparasion of CU60 combined with U treatment and the traditional treatment(CK2),the accumulations of total nitrogen and maize kernel nitrogen were obviously higher than CK2 with apparent recovery efficiency of applied N up by 2 to 12%,agronomic efficiency of applied N up by 2 to 5%,partial factor productivity from applied N up by 2 to 6 per cent.The best ratio is 30% CU: 70% U was when compared with other treatments.The spring maize yields were increased under 25% CU60 + 75% U,30% CU60 + 70% U,and 40% CU60 + 60% U used as base fertilizer with the grain yield increased by 7.3% ~ 10.7% and net economic benefit increased by 1425 ~ 2166 yuan·hm-2.Compared with other treatments,the treatment of 30% CU + 70% U has the highest1000-grain weight and grain yield.Nitrogen release under field conditions of controlled-release coated urea of 60-d release duration was longer than under static water conditions at 25℃,the nutrient release under field conditions was accorded with nitrogen absorption dynamics of spring maize in Dongbei sandy loam region.To sum up,30% CU60 combined with 70% U was a optimal choice for Dongbei spring maize production,especially for sandy loam.


Present study examined Psychological Health (Depression, Anxiety, and Stress) and quality of working life among Teachers. Mental Health Inventory (MHI) by (Veit and ware 1983) and Work-Related Quality of Life (WRQoL) Scale by (Van Laar et al., 2007) were used for data collection. The sample of the present study was 200 teachers. Purposive sampling technique was used to draw the sample. Descriptive statistics and correlation used to analysis the data. Results indicate that Psychological health have positive relationship with quality of working life


The objective of this Final Year Project is to design and implement the real world
problem as part of the preparation towardsthe future workingexperience in a specific
area of Electrical Engineering field. Besides, this project is a requirement for the
undergraduate students in order to complete their studies. The topic chosen for this
project is "Reduction of Reactive Power Losses in the Radial Distribution Lines and
its Relationship with Harmonics". The introduction part will elaborate the
fundamental term and terminology of the topic. The project objective is to investigate
the effectiveness of inserting capacitors to rectify the problem. Brief descriptions of
the theory used are covered in the literature review. This report also states the
methodology used during this project. The last part is the conclusion which describe
the student's expectation from this project
iv


Despite an output of only 7 feature films in 20 years, Andrei Tarkovsky has had a profound influence on international cinema. Famous for their spiritual depth and incredible visual beauty, his films have gained cult status among cineastes and are often included in ranking polls and charts dedicated to the best movies ever made. Beginning with the late 1980s, Tarkovsky's highly complex cinema has continuously attracted scholarly attention by generating countless hermeneutic challenges and possibilities for film critics. This book provides a fresh look at the director's legacy, with critical essays by both world-famous and early-career film scholars. It consists of four parts covering biographical, aesthetic, and philosophical aspects of Tarkovsky's work as well as tracing his influence on other filmmakers. Part one, entitled 'Backgrounds' (chapters one to three), discusses extra-cinematic factors that influenced Tarkovsky's cinema, such as his biography and theoretical statements. Part two, entitled 'Film Method' (chapters four to eight), examines Tarkovsky's cinematic techniques, including his treatment of film genre, documentary style, temporality, landscape, and sound. Part three, 'Theoretical Approaches' (chapters nine to thirteen), discusses Tarkovsky's work in the contexts of psychoanalytical, philosophical, and other theoretical perspectives. The fourth and final part of this volume, 'Legacy' (chapters fourteen and fifteen), is dedicated to Tarkovsky's longstanding influence on such prominent auteurs as Andrei Zvyagintsev and Lars von Trier, who are often hailed as the heirs of the Russian master.


SATRYO WIBISONO. Production of Oligosaccharides from Black Potatoes Through Hydolisis α-Amylase from Brevibacterium sp. Supervised by HASIM and NANIK RAHMANI. Oligosaccharides is a carbohydrate macromolecule composed of 2-10 monosaccharide residues that have benefits in the field of food and health. One way to produce oligosaccharides with enzymatic hydrolisis of starch. Black potatoes have high carbohydrate content, especially starch by 83%. Activity of amylase enzyme from raw extraction have 1.708 U/ml. Degree of polymerization of black potatoe's starch is 10. Hydrolysis reaction of black potatoe's starch with that enzyme gave 3 spots on TLC analysis with mobile phase n-buthanol:acetic acid:water purified (2:1:1). In HPLC analysis showed 3 main peaks that means consist of 3 compound with mobile phase acetonitrile:water (75:25). Fresh sample consist of glucose as many as 1,60% (b/v), maltose 0,36% (b/v), and maltotriose 0,46% (b/v). Freeze dried sample consist of glucose as many as 4,20% (b/v), maltose 0,21% (b/v), and maltotriose 0,30 % (b/v).


We investigate the problem of fly past of a space vehicle traveling in a generalized elliptic Hohmann transfer system between the elliptic orbits of the Earth and Jupiter around the Sun. We consider the four feasible elliptic Hohmann configurations. We begin our treatment by a more precise expression for the hyperbolic excess velocity, because we deal with the elliptic not the circular Hohmann case. We assign the semi–major axes and the eccentricity of the hyperbolic trajectory that lies within the sphere of influence of the Jovian planet. Whence we have a more accurate determination of the elements of the hyperbolic trajectory before the vehicle's departure out of Jupiter's influence sphere to follow its trip to a further outer planet of the local solar system.


Some new closure operators in topological spaces with ideals are a part of this paper. A comparative study of a new type of boundary point, which is defined  with the help of the local function and the boundary points will be discussed through this paper. Characterizations of Hayashi-Samuel spaces are also an object of this paper.


This paper dealt with a class of half space fractional differential equations of the boundary problem,proved the convergence of the fractional differential equations based on the Caputo fractional derivative by using Adomian decomposition method,and derived a solution in the form of a series by using this method.


Sialic acid in the sperms and luminal fluid collected from different portions of the epididymis of the adult SD rat and golden hamster were studied.Sialic acid level in the sperms decreased significantly(P0.0l)during their passage through the epididymis,whereas in the luminal fluid it was increased.Between SD rat and golden hamster,sialic acid levels were different(P0.01),but theychanged in similar pattern. it was possible to block epididymal maturation of sperms by interfering thechanges of sialic acid.


Normapolles pollen, fern spores, recent fungi and other palynomorphs were traced and identified from a sample of calcareous/ /clayey deposits from the Gombasek Quarry in eastern Slovakia (Rožňava district). Normapolles, pollen of the extinct angiospermous plants, dominated the spectrum, spores of ferns were also frequent. Presence of these types indicate a Mesozoic (Upper Cretaceous) to Early Paleogene age of the source rocks. The assemblage is mixed with specimens of recent fungi spores , remains of algae and rare gymnosperm and angiosperm pollen grains (Pinus, Asteraceae). Significant Tertiary (Paleogene) taxa were not discovered there. The study produced several new records of taxa which had not been found at this locality previously . Palynology, Cretaceous, Tertiary, Palaeokarst, Normapolles, Gombasek, Slovak Republic Received December 17, 2010 Issued August 2011


In the present study, the relationship between the Zagreb topochemical index M c l and the corticotropin releasing factor receptor antagonizing activity of N-phenylphenylglycine analogs has been investigated. The values of Zagreb topochemical index M c l of all the analogs involved in the data set were calculated using an in-house computer program. The resulting data was analyzed and a suitable model was developed after identification of the active range. Subsequently, a biological activity was assigned to each of the compounds involved in the dataset which was then compared with the reported biological activity. Accuracy of prediction was found to be 82.3% using the said model. High predictability of the model offers vast potential for providing lead structures for development of potent CRF receptor antagonist.


Fluconazole, an inhibitor of cytochrome P450 enzyme is found hydrophobic with dissolution related problems and also fungistatic in action. On the account of few physico-chemical disadvantages, we worked on a novel cinnamon oil based nanoemulsion drug delivery system. The drug-loaded formulation used cinnamon oil, tween 80 and water at a ratio of 6:18:76 v/v and was checked for various parameter of the internal system including conductivity, droplet size and polydispersity index. The surfactant concentration was reduced to a great extent using sonicator as high energy method at a laboratory scale; that would help in the reduction of gastrointestinal irritation. Also sonication helps in the breakdown of coarse emulsion to fine droplets (nanoemulsion). The particle size reduction to about 67 ± 2.13 nm as determined by dynamic light scattering technique would enable easy permeation through capillaries. Thus we propose that the formulated system would serve as excellent oral drug delivery system for fluconazole.


A 35-year-old Japanese woman had recurrent, pruritic, vesicular lesions on the face, neck and upper back as well as erosive lesions of the oral cavity and genitalia. The skin and mucosal lesions healed without scarring upon the systemic administration of corticosteroid and azathioprine. Direct immunofluorescence revealed linear deposits of IgG, IgA and C3 at the cutaneous basement membrane zone. Indirect immunofluorescence on 1 M NaCl-split human skin sections demonstrated that the patient's IgG antibodies reacted with the dermal side of the split, while IgA antibodies weakly reacted with the epidermal side. By immunoblot analyses, the patient's serum reacted with the NC1 domain of type VII collagen as well as both the α3- and β3-subunits of laminin 5. We regarded our case as a nonscarring subepidermal blistering disease with autoantibodies to both type VII collagen and two different subunits of laminin 5. Such a case has not been previously reported.


According to the existing problems after the CFB putting into operation,the fineness of coal,the amount of primary air,secondary air and ratio,excess air coefficient single factor combustion optimizing adjustment have been carried out.Results show that adjusting coal fineness can reduce incomplete combustion heat loss,coordination the amount of primary air and secondary air can reduce exhaust heat loss,improve the boiler efficiency.Through the combustion optimizing adjustment experiment,the existing problems have been solved,and the efficiency of boiler has been improved.


The traditional information retrieval technology is not concerned about the information temporal, but the temporal nature of the data is playing a particularly important role in some fields, so the search of temporal information has become a hot spot. With the relational database information retrieval technology emerge, it is urgent to integrate temporal attributes into the relational database information retrieval technology. In this paper, temporal information retrieval method based on data graph is proposed, and the validity of the method is verified by experiments.


The filter design technique analysed in this tutorial is oriented toward the creation of causal linear-phase Finite Impulse Response (FIR) filters. It is based on the direct approximation of their desired frequency responses by windowing their corresponding impulse responses. The desired frequency response of a given filter Hd(e) (assumed ideal) is shown in Figure 1. Note that the desired filter Hd(e) has an ideal frequency-selective behaviour (it has step discontinuities) and also presents no time delay along the whole spectrum (its phase is a constant function that equals zero). To approximate this desired frequency response (with unrestricted specifications), the corresponding impulse response is windowed (and thus truncated) to ensure that the filter has a finite impulse response. Hence, the first step is to calculate the impulse response of the filter hd[n] based on its desired frequency behaviour Hd(e): hd[n] = G 2π ∫ π −π Hd(e) e dω (1) = G 2π (∫ −ωc1 −ωc2 e dω + ∫ ωc2 ωc1 e dω ) (2) where the change of variable u = jωn is applied, hd[n] = G 2πjn ( ec2 − e−jωc2n + e−jωc1n − ec1 ) (3)


ABSTRACT A dramatic shift in penal philosophy has occurred over the past thirty-years. Incapacitation and punishment have effectively replaced the rehabilitative goals of mid-20th century corrections. To assess how this change has affected the day-to-day lives of inmates, face-to-face interviews with men currently incarcerated in a maximum security Missouri prison, as well as historical accounts of "doing time," are used. Findings show that past accounts of doing time show striking similarity to modern day explanations of everyday life in prison. Results lead one to call into question the impact penal ideology, whatever it may be, has on the experience of doing time in U.S. prisons.


The first scientific article by Zwanzig appeared nearly 40 years ago. Over the years, Bob has produced numerous fundamental papers in diverse areas of statistical mechanics. The clear and concise way in which these papers are written is a testimony to Bob's deep physical insight into complicated problems. Often his solutions to problems have become the basis of new and widely used techniques in statistical mechanics. The two most notable examples are his introduction of the projection operator technique into nonequilibrium statistical mechanics and his use of the perturbation theory to treat problems in the theory of liquids. The projection operator method, which Bob introduced in 1960, has been the cornerstone in the statistical mechanics of irreversible processes. In this work Bob presented, for the first time, a formalism to calculate dynamic physical quantities without resort to perturbation theory. In the three decades that have passed since this work appeared, the number of applications of this method has grown dramatically. The method provides the clearest exposition of a general theoretical scheme for the calculation of dynamic correlation functions in condensed media. Bob himself applied his method to the exposition of memory effects in irreversible thermodynamics and to the justification of the Rouse-Zimm model in polymer solution dynamics. Indeed the use of the projection operator method has now become so common that Bob's original papers are not always duly cited. It is no exaggeration to say that this trailblazing work is truly a landmark in the history of irreversible statistical mechanics. Zwanzig introduced perturbation theory as a route to obtain thermodynamic properties of gases and liquids in 1954. This has had a profound influence on workers in equilibrium statistical mechanics. Many of the modern developments in the equilibrium theory of simple liquids can be traced back to this outstanding contribution. The theory presented in this work has received renewed prominence through its use for numerical computations of free energies, particularly in the context of biopolymer simulations. In addition to these two examples, Bob has written numerous other papers that have, by virtue of his physical insight and mathematical virtuosity, opened new areas of research in statistical mechanics. A few examples include (i) collisional energy transfer to surfaces, (ii) continuum percolation, (iii) molecular electronic excitation transfer in disordered media, (iv) the theory of the surface tension, and (v) contributions to polymer morphology. Bob has also made seminal contributions to the theories of …


With society turning increasingly to sustainable development, sharper demands are being made concerning energy efficiency and other properties that mean reductions in the negative effects of the building on the environment and people. This means that architects must have a suitably adapted solution already in the early design phase, as this has the greatest influence on the final result. Current tools and methods used for this are either focused only on individual topics or are too complex and not adapted for independent use by architects. The paper presents a simplified method for evaluating building sustainability (SMEBS) which addresses these needs. It is intended as a tool to aid architects in the early project planning phases as it allows a quick evaluation of the extent to which the demands of sustainable building are fulfilled. The method was developed on the basis of a study of international building sustainability assessment methods (BSAM) and standards in this field. Experts in sustainable construction were invited to determine weights for assessment parameters using the analytical hierarchy process (AHP). Their judgments reflect the specific characteristics of the local environment.