The intensive downlink (DL) inter-cell interference created by cell range expansion (CRE) of picocells is an urgent problem needing to be solved under macro-pico heterogeneous network (HetNet) scenario. A promising approach is taking advantage of additional degree of freedom brought by carrier aggregation (CA). However, poorly arranged carrier configurations or interference coordination schemes can lead to a degradation of system overall performance. In this paper, we propose a novel dynamic interference coordination scheme based on carrier aggregation to alleviate the DL interference from macrocells to users located in the cell range expansion area. Novel carrier configuration pattern and dynamic power control scheme based on price algorithm are applied to mitigate detrimental interference to picocell-edge users and improve the availability of macrocells. Simulation results show that the proposed scheme can boost the picocell-edge throughput significantly while ameliorating the overall system throughput.


Polyurethane (PUR) nanofabrics based on nanofibers of average diameters in the range of 250-110 nm with different meso-tetraphenylporphyrin (TPP) loading (0.01-5 wt %) were prepared by an electrospinning process. The oxygen quenching of excited states and singlet oxygen-sensitized delayed fluorescence (SODF) of TPP were studied at different oxygen pressures. We found that TPP in PUR matrix is present in monomeric state, and it is easily accessed by oxygen. Analysis of the kinetics of the TPP triplet, singlet oxygen, and SODF indicates that repopulation of TPP fluorescent state includes reaction of singlet oxygen with TPP triplets. The integrated SODF achieved more than 20% of the prompt fluorescence for nanofabric loaded with 5 wt % TPP. The dependence of SODF intensity on the TPP concentration in nanofibers is nearly quadratic.


We herein present results from experimental investigations and new numerical methods for the investigation of fluid flow and heat transfer in cellular solids, in particular open cell metal foams. Results from a custom made test facility contribute to enlarge the public available database of open cell metal foams and serve for the validation of applied commercial and inhouse numerical methods. Contrary to the classical numerical finite volume (FV), finite difference (FD) or finite element (FE) interface tracking methods, the employed method combines a lattice Boltzmann solver for fluid flow with a heat transfer equation, both in context of a diffuse interface representation of the complex cellular structure [1]. The diffuse interface concept (also known as phase-field modelling) is used to smoothly generate and map complex microstructures [2]. We assume no interface dynamics, i.e. the order parameter of the phase field is only used to distinguish between different phases, namely fluid and solid. However, in view of multiphysics applications and more complex convoluted microstructures, extensions to phase change systems can hardly be mastered by body fitted, interface tracking methods. The presented method promises to be a comfortable, feasible and high potential method.


Abstract : The physical mechanism of drift wave instability is studied from the particle point of view by following the method used by Dawson in his theory of Landau damping. The plasma particles are divided into two groups, resonant particles and non-resonant particles. Assuming that a drift wave starts initially while resonant particles are undisturbed, the trajectories of the particles are computed within the framework of linear theory. Such a drift wave of longitudinal mode is considered that propagates obliquely to a static magnetic field and in the plane normal to density gradient. (Author)


With the recent advancements in microcontroller technology, radar test equipment can be designed to improve the accuracy of measurements being made and simplify designs. An embedded integrator monitor design application (hardware and software) is presented and comparisons are made between the embedded design and the more traditional discrete design approach.


Objective—The key initial step in atherogenesis is the subendothelial retention of apolipoprotein B–containing lipoproteins. Acid sphingomyelinase (acid SMase), an enzyme present extracellularly within the arterial wall, strongly enhances lipoprotein retention in model systems in vitro, and retained lipoproteins in human plaques are enriched in ceramide, a product of SMase. We now sought to test a direct causative role for acid SMase in lipoprotein retention and atherogenesis in vivo. Methods and Results—We studied atherogenesis and lipoprotein retention in Asm−/− versus Asm+/+ mice on the Apoe−/− and Ldlr−/− backgrounds. Asm−/−;Apoe−/− mice had a ≈40% to 50% decrease in early foam cell aortic root lesion area compared with Asm+/+;Apoe−/− mice (P<0.05) despite no difference in plasma cholesterol or lipoproteins. To assay lipoprotein retention in vivo, the two groups of mice were injected with fluorescently labeled Apoe−/− lipoproteins. Early foam cell lesions of Asm−/−;Apoe−/− mice showed a striking 87% reduction in lipoprotein trapping (P<0.0001) compared with Asm+/+;Apoe−/− lesions. Similar results were obtained with Ldlr−/− mice, including an 81% reduction in lipoprotein retention within Asm−/−;Ldlr−/− lesions compared with Asm+/+;Ldlr−/− lesions (P<0.0005). Conclusions—These findings support a causal role for acid SMase in lipoprotein retention and lesion progression and provides further support for the response-to-retention model of atherogenesis.


A theoretical study of effects of excluded volume intermolecular interactions on the sharpness of helix–coil transitions in solutions of polyamino acids or simple proteins indicates that the transition width may vary appreciably as a function of polymer concentration. The analysis is based on a second virial approximation for the excess free energy of mixing of a solution of polymers of varying degrees of helicity. The virial coefficients involved are roughly estimated on the basis of gross polymer geometry. For large N (degree of polymerization) the transition is found, typically to sharpen with increasing concentration, becoming second order and then first order at sufficiently high concentrations. The critical polymer concentration is found to be roughly of the order N−1.2 𝔡0−1 for an "all or none" model and of order σ1/2 N−0.2 𝔡0−1 for a model with continuously variable degree of helicity (𝔡0 is the volume of a single helical molecule and σ1/2 the normalized statistical weight of a helix–coil interface). In the second case for N ∼ 103 and σ ∼ 10−2–10−4, the predicted critical concentration is in the range 10−1–10−3 g/cm.3 Comparison is made with experiments on solutions of poly(γ‐benzyl‐L glutamate).


Christian morality, as a morality of response, insists that there must be a call which precedes human freedom and in some way provokes it. In the biblical tradition, this call assumes the form of the Torah, which expresses the idea of the «instructive character of the narrated history of salvation and the laws that belong to it». The study considers the call in the form of Christian understanding of the law. It does not claim to exhaust the subject, but rather offers a programmatic index for a work that could subsequently be developed, and indicates a pastoral application that deserves, in turn, to be further explored.


Mg-doped GaN samples prepared by reactive molecular beam epitaxy have been investigated in an attempt to gain insight into the impurity incorporation and the origin of auto doping in otherwise undoped GaN films. The Hall and secondary ion mass spectroscopy data were utilized for the analysis of possible background impurities such as Si, O, and H in an effort to ascertain whether the background electron concentration is of impurity origin or native defect origin. The data appear to support the N vacancy as a possible cause of auto-n-type doping seen in undoped GaN. The effect of the ammonia flow rate on the incorporation of Mg atoms in GaN films and on the behavior of H were studied for layers grown on c-plane sapphire as well as 6H–SiC. Increased incorporation of Mg with larger ammonia flow rates is attributed to Ga vacancies and accompanying site selection. Moreover, p-GaN films grown under high ammonia flux are reported with a hole concentration, mobility, and resistivity of about 8×1017 cm−3, 26 cm2/V ...


A high-resolution mesoscale meteorological model TSU-NM3 has been presented for use in forecasting and investigating the weather phenomena and ground air quality over a limited urbanized area and over a major industrial centre or road junction. To solve mesoscale model equations an efficient explicit-implicit differencing method of the second order of approximation has been developed and supercomputer-oriented. The calculation results are well correlated with the measurements made for the City of Tomsk.


Passenger car oil formulators face several challenges when interpreting results from industry standard fuel economy tests: a) their relevance to the evolving vehicle fleet and marketplace under 'real-world' driving conditions is not readily understood; b) based on these test results, it is usually not possible to have a feel for the maximum benefit theoretically/practically achievable. This paper attempts to address these issues with engine and vehicle simulation techniques. The 'real-world' fuel economy potential of passenger car oils is investigated in a wide range of cars that are representative of the European, U.S. and Indian market.


I. SELF-CONCEPT & SELF-ESTEEM DEVELOPMENT. Introduction to Section I. Definitions. Questions of Self. The Role of Self-Esteem. Why Self-Motives? 1. Self-Concept Development. The Difficulties of Understanding Ones Self. The Foundations of Self-Concept Development. The Development of Self-Images. The Cyclical Nature of Self-Concept Development. The Power of Self-Images. Interpreting Self Feedback. A Revised Definition of Self-Concept. Altering the Self-Concept. Wrapping it Up: What Does All of This Mean? 2. Self-Esteem Development. Background Information. Defining Self-Esteem. Cognitive Connections to and Implications for Self. Behavioral Choices and How They Affect Self-Esteem. Levels of Interpretation for Success and Failure. Wrapping it Up: What Does It Really Mean to Have 'Low Self-Esteem'? 3. Self-Motives. Defining 'Motives' as They Apply to Self. Motives and Their Meanings. Self-Verification. Self-Completion. Self-Enhancement. Self-Assessment. Elements of the Appraisal Process. The Importance of Feedback from Others. Implications of Reflected Appraisals. Self-Regulation Theory. Wrapping it Up: What Does All of This Mean? Wrapping it Up: Integration of Section I. II. SOURCES OF SELF KNOWLEDGE. Introduction to Section II. 4. Self-Perception Theory. Background Information. The Mechanics of Self-Perception Theory. Wrapping it Up: What Does All of This Mean? Coda. 5. Social Comparison Theory. Introduction to Social Comparison Theory. Mechanics of Social Comparison Theory. When and Toward Whom Will Social Comparisons Be Made? 'When and Toward Whom Will Social Comparisons Be Made?'-Revisited. The Implications of Comparison Choices. Wrapping it Up: What Does All of This Mean? A Working Model of Social Comparison. 6. Self & Culture. Background on Self & Culture. Describing Culture. The Self-Culture Connection. Implications of a Cultural Influence on the Self. Wrapping it Up: What Does All of This Mean? 7. Organismic Approaches to Self. Background Information. Self-Determination in Human Behavior. Self-Determination as an Energizing Force. Self-Determination as a Source of Conflict and Strife. Wrapping it Up: What Does All of This Mean? Wrapping it Up: Integration of Section II. III. CONSEQUENCES OF SELF-KNOWLEDGE. Introduction to Section III. 8. Self-Reference Effect. Basic Questions. Problems with Verifying the Self-Reference Effect. Implications of the Self-Reference Effect. Processes that Might Underlay the Self-Reference Effect. 9. Self-Enhancement versus Self-Verification. Background Information on Each Side of the Controversy. The Self-Enhancement Literature. The Self-Verification Literature. The 'Why?' Question. The 'When?' Question. The 'How?' Question. Wrapping it Up: What Does All of This Mean? 10. Self-Fulfilling Prophecies. Background Information. The Cyclical Nature of Self-Fulfilling Prophecies. The Mechanisms of Self-Fulfilling Prophecies. When Will Perceiver Biases Not Be Confirmed? Wrapping it Up: What Does All of This Mean? Wrapping it Up: Integration of Section III. IV. INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES. Introduction to Section IV. 11. Self-Consciousness. Background Information. Becoming Private or Public in Self-Consciousness. The Implications of Private and Public Self-Consciousness. Wrapping it Up: What Does All of This Mean? 12. Self-Monitoring. Caveat. Background Information. The Development of High versus Low Self-Monitoring. Implications of Self-Monitoring Level. Wrapping it Up: What Does All of This Mean? Wrapping it Up: Integration of Section IV. V. APPLICATIONS OF SELF THEORIES TO EVERYDAY LIFE. Introduction to Section V. 13. Self-Esteem Enhancement. A Review of the Relevant Literature. Brief Summary of 'Self-Esteem The Puzzle of Low Self-Regard.' Elements of Successful Self-Esteem Enhancement Strategies. An Earth-Core Model of Self-Esteem. A Stair-Step Approach to Self-Esteem Enhancement. Wrapping it Up: What Does All of This Mean? 14. Applications of Self in Daily Life. A Personal Reflection. Background Information. The Role of Self-Belief Patterns. An Application of the Gestalt Principle or The Role of Self-Patterns in Emotional and Physical Health. Self-Esteem and Wellness. Other Applications of Self to Everyday Life. Wrapping it Up: What Does All of This Mean? 15. Applications of Self in Educational Settings. Introduction. Academic Success and Self-Worth. Suggested Methods for Solving the Crisis in Education. The Mind Fitness Program for Esteem and Excellence. A Social Cognitive View of Self-Regulated Learning. Assessment and Other Issues of Self as Applied in Educational Settings. Wrapping it Up: What Does All of This Mean? Epilogue - A Few Final Mental Morsels. Where Has All of This Taken Us? Self Develops and Changes Across the Lifespan. Lifespan Approach to Self. We Cant Escape the Role that Others Play in Our 'Selves.' Can High Self-Esteem Lead to Egomania? Knowing 'Self' Means Knowing Who You Are and Who You Are Not. What Does 'High Self-Esteem' Really Mean? References. Subject Index.


Abstract : The collection of articles considers questions of the natural radioactivity of the troposphere and radioactive contamination of it and of the earth's surface by products of atomic explosions, as well as questions of the use of radioactive tracers in meteorological studies. The first section, deals with natural radioactivity of the atmosphere. The second section is devoted to global radioactive contamination of natural media. The third section deals with physico-chemical properties of aerosols. The fourth section is devoted to problems of measurement methodology. (Modified author abstract)


: This study describes the vowel system of EkeGusii ("Bantu E.42")(Guthrie, 1948) in an acoustic phonetics perspective using oral data got from purposively sampled subjects: four adult males, four adult females and four children (two boys and two girls all 8 years old) equally from the two dialects of EkeGusii (EkeMaate and EkeRogoro Dialects). In order to capture the distribution characteristics of the vowel acoustic concentration, the group frequency means are normalized using Lobanov's (1971) algorithm. Two view-points are the subjects of analysis in EkeGusii vowels: (a) acoustic vowel space as projected by the intersection of F2 vs. F1 or quadrilateral, and (b) spatial features of high, low, front and back. These qualities are mainly influenced by the physiology of speakers and social variability as occasioned by gender, age and dialect. The results indicate that children have no gender difference in formants, and have the highest frequencies for all formants, followed by adult females and then adult males. Furthermore, acoustic vowel space and spatial features are affected by gender, age, and dialect. A vowel pattern, replicated by all informants, is realized in the dispersion of the vowels within the chart influenced by gender and age. This study found out that EkeGusii seems to adopt a seven-vowel system of /i e ɛ a ɔ o u/ with a length contrast.


ORIGINALThere is just enough conflicting information circulating to make the topic of group B Strep very confusing. To help unravel this perplexity, the key problem — early-onset group B Streptococcal (EOGBS) infection — must be clearly defined. The current UK prevention guidelines also need to be c


On the theoretical treatment of the additional loss at the entry of a pipe through which viscous liquid flows slowly, no attempt has ever been undertaken by anyone, as far as the author's knowledge is concerned. Assuming the velocity distributions so as to satisfy the boundary conditions and equation of continuity, and treating this problem from the stand point of energy dissipation, the author succeeded in obtaining the equivalent length of additional loss at the entry Δli<0.444 d, and made some consideration in addition. By this result he could prove that the experimental value of the equivalent length of additional loss Δli=0.385 d determined by the author is not unpropriete.


Purpose: This article aims at shedding light on differences in terms of crisis management approaches adopted by the Italian government in order to tackle the two most impactful crises that heavily hit the entire globe in the last 15 years: the financial and economic crisis occurred in 2007/2008 and the health crisis occurred in 2020 due to the COVID-19 pandemic Furthermore, the article makes conceptual previsions on the potential impact of the health crisis even though, at this time, it is hard to predict the exact extent of its negative consequences Design/methodology/approach: The authors implement a comparative approach, in terms of budgetary response, to identify the differences and the consequences of the different responses provided by the Italian government to deal with the two worldwide crises Findings: While the economic and financial crisis occurred in the past decade required the Italian government to adopt predominantly austerity measures, the pandemic occurred due to the spreading of COVID-19 pushed the Italian government to adopt investment and fiscal policy based on tax breaks in order to allow the re-launch of the socio-economic fabric of the nation Originality/value: The originality of this paper stems from the scant research focused on the budgetary response of governments to tackle global crises In addition, the paper endeavours to demonstrate the consequences of the myopic vision of the political leaders who, as it occurred in the Italian context, mainly aimed at maximizing the results in the short run at the expense of the potential consequences in the long run © 2020, Emerald Publishing Limited


Understanding sustainable development as meet the needs of the current generation without compromising the ability for future generations to meet their own needs, is necessary to present the behavior of the industrial company in Ibague respect of environmental care. This paper, as part of a research project developed by the research groups ECO and GIDEUT of the Universidad del Tolima, in its practical study analyzed 29 companies in Ibague, classified as medium and large which correspond to 16 industrial subsectors. Is realized a descriptive analysis of appreciation of companies managers and/or persons in charge, about environmental policies and ecological monitoring of production processes; in a deeper analysis, of the principal components, are taken 21 variables that are related to environmental aspects, by means of this technique are identified 2 different factors, which brings together those variables that are closely related and others distantly related to the rest.


Unique metal sulfide (MS) clusters embedded ultrathin nanosheets of Fe/Ni metal–organic framework (MOF) are grown on nickel foam (NiFe‐MS/MOF@NF) as a highly efficient bifunctional electrocatalyst for overall water splitting. It exhibits remarkable catalytic activity and stability toward both the oxygen evolution reaction (OER, ƞ = 230 mV at 50 mA cm−2) and hydrogen evolution reaction (HER, ƞ = 156 mV at 50 mA cm−2) in alkaline media, and bi‐functionally catalyzes overall alkaline water splitting at a current density of 50 mA cm−2 by 1.74 V cell voltage without iR compensation. The enhancement mechanism is ascribed to the impregnated metal sulfide clusters in the nanosheets, which not only promote the formation of ultrathin nanosheet to greatly enlarge the reaction surface area while offering high electric conductivity, but more importantly, efficiently modulate the electronic structure of the catalytically active atom sites to an electron‐rich state via strong electronic interaction and strengthen the adsorption of oxygenate intermediate to facilitate fast electrochemical reactions. This work reports a highly efficient HER/OER bifunctional electrocatalyst and may shed light on the rational design and synthesis of uniquely structured MOF‐derived catalysts.


The antioxidant activity of sprouts from four Brassica oleracea varieties was evaluated using "in vitro" methods (total phenolic and flavonoid content; radical scavenging assays: DPPH•, hydroxyl and peroxyl; and Ferrous Ion-chelating Ability Assay). Light cycles and sprouting influenced the potential antioxidant activity of sprouts and significant differences were observed between varieties. Generally, antioxidant activity decreased with sprouting and increased in the presence of light, whose discriminant effect was highly significant (P <0.001). Red cabbage sprouts produced under light cycles showed the highest antioxidant activity (57.11 μg.mL Ferrous Ion-chelating Ability, 221.46 μg.mL


In this work is presented an optimization method of correcting cylinder-withdrawal to the withdrawal of the semi-finished steel to vertical continuous casting plant of steel. Optimizing cylinders was achieved by: use of statistical calculations applied to quantities, experimental measurements obtained directly from the withdrawal of blanks, using techniques CAD (Computer Aided Design) and CAE (Computer Aided Engineering) design, modeling and optimization of cylinders; using finite element method, FEM for static and dynamic simulations, the behavior of withdrawalstraightening rolls in continuous casting process for determining stress, strain and displacement that occur in this process. The studies is both experimental and theoretical, and aims to improve the process of withdrawal of the semi continuous casting with vertical curvilinear wire of steel, using modern methods of analysis, design and optimization of mechanical drives. The study has as a result in a pair of cylinders practical realization of withdrawal, multiple-ray machines, able to withdraw more dimensions of round profile. This is an advantage in that, to change the diameter of semi-products withdrawn, no is necessary to change withdrawal cylinders. Keywords— CAD, CAE, continuous casting, cylinder, FEM, optimization


The patient, Mr. W. S., aged 69, by occupation a laborer, was referred for treatment May 20, 1930, by Dr. H. L. Fahrney. History and Examination.—About a year before the examination to be reported the patient noticed a small pimple on the bridge of the nose, and picked it open. It never healed, but grew rapidly, and on the date named presented the appearance of an elevated area 3½ × 3½ × 1½ cm. in size. The surface was bloody and ulcerated and extremely tender. (See Fig. 1.) Treatment.—It was treated by combined fulguration and low voltage X-rays. Owing to the difficulty of anesthetizing the growth, only a small amount of fulguration could be accomplished at a time. The total number of fulgurations given was nine. These were followed by X-ray therapy. Technic.—Spark gap, 8½ in.; 4 ma., no filters, 10 in. distance, time 5 minutes each treatment. Result.—Following a period of two months during which this treatment was faithfully carried out, the growth, which had progressively healed, had completely disappe...


During the preparatory stage when laws are formulated at the local level it is necessary to straighten out the following fundamental relationships:the fundamental relationship between the local branches of the Communist Party of China and the local People's Congress;that between the local People's Congress and the local Government;that between the relevant organizations within the local People's Congress;that between the exclusive law-making body and the will of the common people;that be- tween the various participating subjects;that between the local laws and the objective reality;that between the formulation of laws at the local level and that at the central level;that between the procedures of preparations for law-making and those of official law-making;that between the formulation of new laws and alteration or abolishment of old laws during the preparatory stage.All these fundamental relationships are to be sorted out in the preparatory stage in order to give full play to the functions of the prepar- atory stage of local law-making,to improve the quality of the formulated laws and to enhance the efficiency of law-making.


OBJECTIVE: To compare test performance characteristics of conventional Pap tests and liquid-based cervical cytology samples. DATA SOURCES: Eligible studies, published between 1991 and 2007, were retrieved through PubMed/EmBase searching and completed by consultation of other sources. METHODS OF STUDY SELECTION: Studies were selected if a conventional and a liquid-based sample were prepared from the same woman or when one or the other type of sample was taken from a separate but similar cohort. The current systematic review and meta-analysis is restricted to studies where all subjects were submitted to gold standard verification, based on colposcopy and histology of colposcopy-targeted biopsies, allowing computation of absolute and relative test validity for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2 or worse. Randomized trials were selected as well if all test-positive cases were verified with the same gold standard, allowing computation of the relative sensitivity. Impact of study characteristics on accuracy was assessed by subgroup meta-analyses, meta-regression, and summary receiver operating characteristic curve regression. TABULATION, INTEGRATION, AND RESULTS: The relative sensitivity, pooled from eight studies, with complete gold standard verification and from one randomized clinical trial, did not differ significantly from unity. Also, the specificity, considering high-grade and low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions as cutoff, was similar in conventional and liquid cytology. However, a lower pooled specificity was found for liquid-based cytology when presence of atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance was the cutoff (ratio 0.91, 95% confidence interval 0.84–0.98). Differences in study characteristics did not explain interstudy heterogeneity. CONCLUSION: Liquid-based cervical cytology is neither more sensitive nor more specific for detection of high-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia compared with the conventional Pap test.


AM fungi in three varieties of Puerraria were studied in Wugong county of Shanxi,the results showed: there was a good symbiosis relation between Puerraria and AM fungi.Different varieties of Puerraria have the different AM fungus growing characteristic and the colonization.Total colonization,vebuscular colonization and hypha colonization were in the order of CaigeFengeYaoge.Under different host plants,the abuscular colonization was in the trend of FengeYaogeCaige.The spore density was in the order of Yaoge Fenge Caige.The resource of abuscular mycorrhiza in rhizasphere of Puerraria were abundance.Glomus and Acaulospora were primary genera in the Puerraria and Scutellospora was rarely found.Twenty species of AM fungi in three genus,including thirteen species of Glomus,six species of Acaulospora and one species of Scutellospora,were isolated from rhizasphere of Puerraria.


The first total syntheses of 13,14,15-isocrambescidin 800 (1) and 13,14,15-isocrambescidin 657 (2) were accomplished in convergent fashion. The central strategic step was tethered Biginelli condensation of guanidine aminal 14 and β-ketoester 15 to give 1-iminohexahydropyrrolo[1,2-c]pyrimidine carboxylic ester 16. This step united all the heavy atoms of the pentacyclic guanidine nucleus and set the critical trans C10−C13 stereorelationship. Acidic treatment of derivative 18 triggered tricyclization to generate pentacyclic guanidine 19b in high yield. After cleavage of the allyl ester, the derived acid underwent coordinated epimerization at C14 and C15 in the presence of triethylamine to form the pentacyclic isocrambescidin nucleus. The synthesis of 1 was achieved in 11% overall yield from amine 12 by a sequence involving five isolated intermediates. As detailed in the preceding account, 12 can be accessed from commercially available 3-butyn-1-ol in 30% overall yield by way of nine isolated and purified int...


New observations show promise for better understanding a range of neural processes in several species, from stimulus coding to decision making.


Communicated by Academician Aleksey V. Matveev The reconstruction of environmental changes in the southeast of Belarus during the last 14700 cal. BP is based on the results of palynological, radiocarbon, isotope and lithological studies of Lake Staroje deposits. Climatic fluctuations, fires and human activities played a significant role in the transformation of the vegetation cover. The beginning of the lacustrine sedimentation was dated circa 16000 cal. BP. The intensification of erosion processes on the water catchment area was marked by an increase in the mineral material flow into the lake. These events have a positive correlation with the climate cooling and humidity phases in the Late Glacial and Early Holocene, and in the Late Holocene with anthropogenic impact stages. The traces of the episodic human activity were dated to 5800 cal. BP, while the expansion of farming and pasturing areas began at 3000 cal. BP Currently the consequences of human activities (including drainage of bogs) are reflected in the treeless landscapes adjacent to the lake.


CHEST, VOL. 60, NO. 6, DECEMBER 1971 branch block. Dis Chest 55:306-309, 1969 8 Pryor R, Blunt SC: The clinical significance of true left axis deviation. Amer Heart J 72:391-412, 1966 9 Castellanos A Jr, Chapunoff E : The vectorcardiogram in left posterior hemiblocks. Presented at the XI International Symposium on Vectorcardiography. Long Island Jewish Nledical Center. New York, NIay 1970 10 Cerqueira-Gomes NI : Novas ideias sobre a activacao septal. 0 Medico 975:492-499, 1970 -11 Castellanos A Jr, Lemberg L: Vectorcardiography. A Programnied Introduction. New York, Meredith Corporation, 1969 12 (;rant RD : Left axis deviation. An electrocardiographicpathological correlation study. Circulation 14:233-249, 1956 13 Rosenbaum MB, Elizari MV, Lazzari JO: Los Hemil)loqueos. Buenos Aires, Paidos, 1968 14 Frank E : An accurate, clinically practical system for spatial vectorcardiography. Circulation 13:737-749, 1956 15 Grishman A, Scherlis L: Spatial Vectorcardiography. New York, Saunders, 1952, p 14 16 Castellanos A Jr. Martin 0, Arcebal AC, et a!: Alternating and coexisting block in the division of the left branch. Dis Chest 56:103-109, 1969 17 Castellanos A Jr, Maytin 0, Arcebal AG, et al: Significance of cxniplete right bundle branch block with right axis deviation in absence of right ventricular hypertrophy. Brit Heart J 32:85-92, 1970 18 Hugenholtz PC, Forkner CE, Levine HD: A clinical appraisal of the vectorcardiogram in myocardial infarction. II. Frank system. Circulation 24:825-850, 1961 19 Hoffman lR, Taymor C, Cootnick A: Vectorcardiographic residua of inferior infarction. Seventy-eight cases studied with the Frank system. Circulation 29:562-576, 1964 20 Young E, William C : The frontal plane vectorcardiogram in old inferior myocardial infarction. Circulation 37:604, 1968 21 Benchimol A, Barreto EC: Serial vectorcardiograms with the Frank system in patients with acute inferior wall myocardial infarction. J Electrocardiol 2 : 159-166, 1969 22 Rosenbaum NIB: Types of left bundle branch block and their clinical significance. J Electrocardiol 2 : 197-206, 1969 23 Grant RP: Pen-infarction block. Prog Cardiovasc Dis 2:237-247, 1959 24 Watt JB, Freud GD, Durrer, et al: Left anterior arborization block combined with right bundle branch block in canine and primate hearts. An electrocardiographic study. Circ Res 22:57-63, 1958 25 Rosenbaum MB, Corrado C, Olivera R, et al: Right bundle branch block with left anterior hemiblock surgically induced in tetralogy of Fallot. Amer J Cardiol 26: 1219, 1970 26 Kulbertus HE, Coyne JJ, Hallidie-Smith KA: Conduction disturbances before and after surgical closure of ventricular septal defect. Amer Heart J 77 : 123-131, 1969 27 Lemberg L, Castellanos A Jr. Arcebal AG : The vectorcardiogram in acute left anterior hemil)lock. Amer J Cardiol ( in press) 28 Cohen SI, Lau SH, Stein E, et al: Variations of aberrant conduction in man : evidence of isolated block within the specialized conduction system. An electrocardiographic and vectorcardiographic study. Circulation 38:899-916, 1968 29 Nlayer JW, Castellanos A Jr. Lemberg L: The spatial vectorcardiography in pen-infarction block. Amer J Cardiol 11:613-621, 1963 30 Rosenhaum NIB, Elizari NIV, Lazzari JO: The hemiblocks. Oldsmar, Fla. Tampa Tracings, 1970


Face authentication is commonly offered as an alternative to passwords for device unlock. However, available face authentication systems are vulnerable to simple spoofing attacks. We demonstrate the impact of image quality on spoofing, using low resolution photo representative of those commonly posted online. We also show that videos and slideshows of images at different angles, and crude 3D avatars are effective. To defend against these vulnerabilities, we propose a face authentication system that includes a secrecy challenge. We present SAFE (Secure Authentication with Face and Eyes1), an improved face authentication method that uses a commodity gaze tracker to input a secret. During authentication, the user must not only show her face but also gaze at a secret icon that moves across the screen. Using a novel method for estimating the noise level in the gaze tracking data, SAFE adapts the system's parameters to enable secure, hands-free authentication.


This paper presents initial studies of applying isolated speech recognizer (ISR) on different datasets of adultpsilas speech ISR is normally created for a targeted user or language. Even though the targeted user is defined, there are often speakers who are badly recognized. The purpose of this study is to determine whether a different recording specification has an effect on the performance of the recognizer. We used probabilistic models, known as hidden Markov models (HMMs) to interpret a sequence of word. In this study, we tested four datasets that consist of isolated word that utter the different days in standard Malay language. We apply the ISR on the datasets to determine the recognition rate performance and identify pattern of word recognition. The overall result shows that there is strong correlation between the different specification of the datasets and recognition rate. The study shows that, if certain specification is not fully considered during the recording, the recognition rate by the ISR is degraded.


Ion exchange resins are used to extract nickel from the waste liquor at lab scale. The adsorption and stripped characteristic are studied. Suitable resins, which are commercially available, were evaluated in order to recover nickel from ammoniacal sulphate waste liquor with 0.164-0.235g/dm3 Ni and 0.038-0.040g/dm3 Mg, for substitute the sodium or ammonium hydrosuiphide used. The nickel concentration after the waste liquor has been flowing through the dynamic ion exchange column until the breakthrough point was 0.2mg/dm3, the maximum permitted nickel concentration in the effluent waste liquor according to exigent European Standard, the adsorption efficiency exceed 98%.


Introduction: This is a cross sectional study conducted on cancer patients who presented at the peripheral cancer center, Mandya Institute of Medical Sciences, Mandya with an objective to find out the possible factors influencing the delay in treatment of cancer.
Method: Each day the patients coming for radiotherapy treatment were selected, based on the inclusion criteria for the study and an informed consent was taken before collecting the data. Data was collected by questionnaire method and was entered in an excel sheet and analyzed.
Result: The result revealed that 65% of the patients belonged to the age group 50-69 and that the delay in treatment significantly increased with increase in age, 80% of the patients were not aware and their median delay was about 60 days, 59% of the patients neglected the symptoms and their median delay was about 60 days, and 5 percent of them took self-treatment and their median delay was 60 days.
Conclusion: This study, revealed that 4 important factors, all of which belonged to the patient, were responsible for the significant delay in the treatment. The 4 factors were age of the patient, awareness about the symptom, neglecting the symptom and history of self-treatment.


Objective Most women with advanced-stage epithelial ovarian cancer (OVCA) ultimately develop chemoresistant recurrent disease. Therefore, a great need to develop new, more active, and less toxic agents and/or to optimize the efficacy of existing agents exists. Methods In this study, we investigated the activity of Avemar, a natural, nontoxic, fermented wheat germ extract (FWGE), against a range of OVCA cell lines, both alone and in combination with cisplatin chemotherapy and delineated the molecular signaling pathways that underlie FWGE activity at a genome-wide level. Results We found that FWGE exhibited significant antiproliferative effects against 12 human OVCA cell lines and potentiated cisplatin-induced apoptosis. Pearson correlation of FWGE sensitivity and gene expression data identified 2142 genes (false discovery rate < 0.2) representing 27 biologic pathways (P < 0.05) to be significantly associated with FWGE sensitivity. A parallel analysis of genomic data for 59 human cancer cell lines matched to chemosensitivity data for 2,6-dimethoxy-p-benzoquinone, a proposed active component of FWGE, identified representation of 13 pathways common to both FWGE and 2,6-dimethoxy-p-benzoquinone sensitivity. Conclusions Our findings confirm the value of FWGE as a natural product with anticancer properties that may also enhance the activity of existing therapeutic agents. Furthermore, our findings provide substantial insights into the molecular basis of FWGE's effect on human cancer cells. Research Highlights Fermented wheat germ extract has significant antiproliferative effects on OVCA cell lines and may enhance the effect of cisplatin-induced cell death. Genome-wide expression data reveal that FWGE sensitivity in ovarian cancer cells was associated with 2142 genes, representing 27 biologic pathways. The known safety and tolerability of FWGE supports the clinical evaluation of this natural product in patients with ovarian cancer.


Revealed significant violations of taste reception in conditions of chronic alcohol intoxication. There are reliable data that in 22,3% and 43,2 % of cases there is no taste sensitivity to sweet and sour, respectively; 34,5 % of patients have noted the appearance of discomfort when taking a sweet and salty foods. Found morphological changes in the lingua: the appearance of fissures and lobes at the back of the tongue, atrophy of the mushroom and elongation of papillae threadlike tongue. The detailed description of inflammatory-destructive mechanisms of these phenomena, and described the role of the side effect of basic pharmacotherapy in chronic alcoholism on sensory receptors zone of lingua.Set the possible causes of late diagnosis of inflammatory and degenerative processes in the mucosa of the language. Signals the need to develop medical and institutional ways of preventing diseases of the morphofunctional unit of language psychogenic, neurogenic and inflammatory and infectious genesis.


Controlling the frequency of a target wave is an important issue in the dynamics of pattern formation. A common method for controlling is to apply a local disturbance to the media, such as a periodic disturbance source which is not always valid in practice. In the present study, we proposed a method to control the frequency of a target wave by the application of a steady disturbance. We found that the size of a steady disturbance source affects the frequency of the chemical wave by the numerical simulations of three mathematical models. The simulation results are confirmed by theoretical analysis. Our theory and method shed light in the controlling frequency of the oscillatory media.Controlling the frequency of a target wave is an important issue in the dynamics of pattern formation. A common method for controlling is to apply a local disturbance to the media, such as a periodic disturbance source which is not always valid in practice. In the present study, we proposed a method to control the frequency of a target wave by the application of a steady disturbance. We found that the size of a steady disturbance source affects the frequency of the chemical wave by the numerical simulations of three mathematical models. The simulation results are confirmed by theoretical analysis. Our theory and method shed light in the controlling frequency of the oscillatory media.


One of the impacts affected by the existence of the Large Scale Social Restriction Policy in Jakarta is the urban transportation sector, according to data from ppid.Transjakarta, which states that there has been a decrease in Transjakarta and Jaklingko 2020 users by 33.8% of the data on the number of Transjakarta and Jaklingko users in Jakarta in 2019 for the period of March –July. However, the dependence of urban communities on public transportation in carrying out their activities during the COVID-19 pandemic has the potential for the spread of COVID-19 cases. This article aims to develop a strategy for urban transportation development in the COVID-19 era in Jakarta. Input this research results on internal and external factors in the form of strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats in the development of transportation for the COVID-19 era in Jakarta is based on interviews with key stakeholders using the content analysis method and the second stage is in formulating the right strategy using SWOT analysis. The research results show that six alternative strategies can be applied in the development strategy of urban transportation in the COVID-19 era in Jakarta.


The Pueblo Chemical Agent-Destruction Pilot Plant (PCAPP) is for demilitarization of chemical weapons stored at the Pueblo Chemical Depot (PCD), Pueblo, Colorado. The PCD stockpile consists of projectiles and mortars containing blister agents (93.4% of total stockpile), explosives (4.2%), and propellants (2.4%). Agents are approximately 98% HD (distilled mustard, β, β"dichloroethylsulfide), and 2% HT, a mixture of HD and T (bis-2-2-chlorethylthioethyl ether). Agent demilitarization involves: collection from munitions; hot water and caustic hydrolysis to produce agent-free hydrolysate; biological treatment of hydrolysate to reduce organic content; and effluent treatment to recover water for reuse. The selected biotreatment process for the hydrolysate is Immobilized Cell Bioreactor (ICB) technology. This paper describes the design of ICBs for PCAPP. The design is based on laboratory and pilot testing results, which defined organic loading rates, hydraulic retention times (HRT), aeration and nutrient requirements, and operational parameter ranges and controls (temperature, dissolved oxygen, and pH).


Three-dimensional flows and their influence on the stagnation pressure losses in a centrifugal compressor impeller have been studied. All 3 mutally perpendicular components of relative velocity and stagnation pressure on 5 cross-sectional planes, between the inlet and outlet of a 1 m dia shrouded impeller running at 500 rpm were measured. Comparisons were made between results for a flow rate corresponding to nearly zero incidence angle and two other flows, with increased and reduced flow rates. These detailed measurements show how the position of separation of the shroud boundary layer moved downstream and the wake's size decreased, as the flow rate was increased. The wake's location, at the outlet of the impeller, was also observed to move from the suction surface at the lowest flow rate, to the shroud at higher flow rates.Copyright © 1982 by ASME


The present study assesses the sensitivity of dairy animals to thermal stress, and projects the economic losses due to heat stress in the Trans and Upper Gangetic plains region of India with Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) 4.5 climate scenario for the time slice 2010–2039 and two subperiods, 2020–2029 and 2030–2039. The projections were carried out for two different


Researchers in Japan report findings of a convolutional three-dimensional neural network program trained to detect colon polyps based on short


SUMMARY A study was conducted to determine whether P in a low phytic acid mutant barley (Hordeum vulgare L.; MB) containing the lpa 1-1 allele is more available than P in a near-isogenic, wild-type barley (NB). The MB contained 0.21% non-phytate P (nP) (estimated available P; aP) and 0.35% total P (tP), whereas NB contained 0.11% aP and 0.35% tP. A completely randomized design was used with 150 1-d-old male poults randomly assigned to five treatments (six pens of five poults per treatment) for 21 d. The five treatments were 1) a NB diet containing 0.30% aP, 0.41% tP, and 1.0% Ca; 2) a MB diet containing 0.36% aP, 0.41% tP, and 1.0% Ca; 3) a NB diet similar to Diet 1 but with KH2PO4 added to increase the aP to 0.36% (0.47% tP) to match the aP in Diet 2; 4) a MB diet containing 0.60% aP, 0.86% tP, and 1.2% Ca; and 5) a NB diet containing 0.60% aP, 0.92% tP, and 1.20% Ca. Performance and bone ash were significantly lower (P 0.05) in poults fed Diets 2 and 3 and in poults fed Diets 4 and 5. Poults fed Diet 1 retained 13.9% more P than did poults fed Diet 2 (P < 0.05). Poults fed Diets 2 and 4 retained 11.9 and 4.9% more P than poults fed Diets 3 and 5, respectively (P < 0.05). Poults fed MB diets excreted 41% less P than did poults fed NB diets when barley was the sole source of phytic acid in the diet. Results of the current study indicate that P in MB is more available than P in NB, and decreasing the phytate content did not compromise the nutritional value of MB.


The sedimentation of slender particles with different densities in stagnant Newtonian fluid was studied Different from former studies based on the concept of sphericity, the drag coefficient of slender particles is quantitatively correlated with the orientation and Reynolds number based on the particle cylindrical diameter With the aid of Galileo number,the particle cylindrical diameter, the proposed correlation represents very well the experimental data with aspect ratios, orientations, particle material and fluid properties in wide ranges


Haemorrhoidal disease is a common proctologic disorder. The HemorPex System (HPS) is an innovative surgical technique based on muco-haemorrhoidopexy without Doppler guidance. Purpose: The aim of this study is to evaluate the HemorPex System (HPS) efficacy on grade II and grade III haemorrhoidal patients. Methods: 100 patients affected by grade II and grade III haemorrhoidal disease were included in the study and operated by means of the HemorPex System (Angiologica, Italy) without Doppler support.The proposed procedure consists in the re-positioning of the haemorrhoidal cushions in their anatomical place by means of sutures applied circumferentially in the six supposed position of the superior haemorrhoidal artery terminal branches. These sutures determine a plication of the mucosa and could determine the closure of the terminal branches of the superior haemorrhoidal artery. A few parameters were compared preoperatively and postoperatively: pain, bleeding, prolapse and hygienic difficulties. Results: Operative time was 16 ± 5 minutes; pre-treatment observed symptoms improved considerably after the procedure: pain from 44,8% to 10,4%; bleeding from 56,7% to13,4%; prolapse from 44,8% to14,9% and hygienic difficulties from 23,8% to 0,4% . Conclusions: HemorPex System (HPS) is an innovative technique for the treatment of grade II and grade III haemorrhoidal disease. From the data collected in this study this technique depicts itself as a fast, low pain and economic approach to the haemorrhoidal disease which is also granted with good long term results.


Introduced a new type seeding device for industrial raising seedlings-the working theory of seedplate pneumatic precision seeder; Analyzed its air device,mechyanical structure, the arrangement and feature of electrical eontrol system; Esteblished seeding combined parameters by the first experiment.


Honored as "the forefather of Chinese modernism literature",Shi zhecun's novel creation made a roar in the field of 30s Chinese modern literature.This paper intends to discuss the character's purely true emotion in his early works,and further explain the cause of the human nature alienation by modern civilization's corrosion,showing the discarded virtues of native human simplicity,justice and humanity,and valuing the agriculture produces and others.


The concept of linking was developed to produce Palais-Smale (PS) sequences G ( u k ) → a , G ' ( u k ) → 0 for C 1 functionals G that separate linking sets. These sequences produce critical points if
they have convergent subsequences (i.e., if G satisfies the PS condition). In the past, we have shown that PS sequences can be obtained even when linking does not exist. We now show that such situations produce more useful sequences. They not only produce PS sequences, but also Cerami sequences satisfying G ( u k ) → a , ( 1 + | | u k | | ) G ' ( u k ) → 0 as well. A Cerami sequence can produce a critical point even when a PS sequence does not. In this situation, it is no longer necessary to show that
 G satisfies the PS condition, but only that it satisfies the easier Cerami condition (i.e., that Cerami sequences have convergent subsequences). We provide examples and applications. We also give generalizations to situations when the separating criterion is violated.


For 50 adult patients referred for chest radiography, air kerma at the diaphragm KD, dose area product and entrance skin dose were measured. The air kerma at the diaphragm and the dose area product were determined using Diamentor M4KDK(PTW) which allows measuring air kerma and dose area product simultaneously. For the measurement of entrance skin dose TLDs are used. A 50% variation in dose, incident dose as well as entrance skin dose, was registered for the same patient thickness. The recommendation of ICRP to perform the measurements for DRLs at "representative patients" and that of the CEC to use "standard-sized patients" seem to make little sense in the case of chest radiography. It could be demonstrated, that the dose area product is the least appropriate dose quantity for patient measurements and to define dose reference levels. For some radiological examinations like chest, pelvis and lumbar spine the dose area product is even sex dependent. Incident dose and entrance surface dose are of equal quality for patient dose measurements in diagnostic radiography.


The survivability of air weapons systems must be considered throughout all phases of the systems acquisition process. From the development of requirements, during analyses of alternatives, in system specification compliance testing, in operational test and evaluation and live fire testing, to mission rehearsal and employment, survivability is an essential part of the design and evaluation process. If the Department of Defense is to have a meaningful evaluation of system performance from the beginning to the end of this process, there needs to be a consistent approach to survivability assessment throughout all phases of acquisition. SURVICE Engineering Company has developed a consistent Integrated Survivability Assessment (ISA) process focused on survivability operational test and evaluation (OT&E) and Live Fire Test and Evaluation (LFT&E) for the Joint Aircraft Survivability Program Office (JASPO) and the Director, Operational Test and Evaluation (DOT&E). This paper describes how the ISA process can be applied throughout the life of an acquisition program, using a notional example program for illustration.


Detailed procedure for cannulation of the hepatic lymph duct and collection of hepatic lymph from rats is described. The average rate of flow of hepatic lymph from 12 rats so cannulated was 1.5 ml ...


Fresh or fresh‐frozen tissue samples are preferred for molecular profiling as formalin fixation degrades intracellular nucleic acids. Radical prostatectomy (RP) specimens are a valuable source of prostate cancer tissue, but the reliance on whole‐organ pathological processing for prognostication limits sampling opportunities. Few studies have addressed specific harvesting techniques using prostatectomy specimens.


Structural relaxation of amorphous materials is usually described as resulting from the contribution of microscopic transitions covering a spectrum of activation energies, gðEÞ [1,2]. When gðEÞ is flat, the relaxation kinetics follows a logðtÞ dependence [2,3]. Thus, it is quite surprising that Knoll et al. [4] do not rely on this classic model to describe their experimental results. Their model, relating the activation energy to the relaxation degree, is very appealing. However, their good fitting to experiment, with 0 depending on the annealing temperature, cannot be an argument for the model validity because (a) before annealing the state is always the same and (b) the number of free parameters is too high to deliver meaningful values [5]. First, let us show that the experimental points can be fitted to the classical model [1,2]. According to it, a particular state d=d0 is reached when the transitions with a given activation energy Eðd=d0Þ take place, i.e., at time t 1 0 exp1⁄2Eðd=d0Þ=kT , where 0 is the attempt frequency [1]. For d=d0 1⁄4 0:6, we obtain 2.0 eV and 0 2 10 s 1 for t 1⁄4 120, 100, and 80 C (inset of Fig. 1) [6]. Furthermore, the observed logarithmic dependence of d=d0 on time is consistent with a flat spectrum between Emin and Emax. We can thus fit the experimental points to the theoretical dependence [2,3]:


A BSTRACT . Let K be a number field, and let (cid:96) be a prime number. Fix some elements α 1 , α 2 of K × which generate a torsion-free subgroup of K × of rank 2 . Let n 1 , n 2 , m be positive integers with m (cid:62) max( n 1 , n 2 ) . We show that there exist parametric formulas (involving only a finite case distinction) to express the degree of the Kummer extension K ( ζ (cid:96) m , (cid:96)n 1 √ α 1 , (cid:96)n 2 √ α 2 ) over K ( ζ (cid:96) m ) for all n 1 , n 2 , m . The parameters appearing in the formulas are explicitly computable.


Recent structural mapping shows that the rocks in the Matterhorn-Twin Peaks area comprise parts of seven east-dipping and east-facing thrust sheets. These sheets and their bounding thrusts all appear to dip beneath the structurally higher, Glenberry Lake thrust sheet, and are intruded discordantly in Spiller, Cattle, Horse canyons by the 86-Ma Cathedral Peak Granodiorite of the Tuolumne Intrusive Suite (TIS). The lowest exposed sheet contains rocks that probably correlate with the Upper Triassic and Lower Jurassic Koip sequence. The overlying six sheets contain a distinctive assemblage of metamorphosed calcareous sandstone, siltstone, mudstone, limestone, and interbedded silicic tuffs of the Horse Canyon sequence, possibly of Middle Jurassic age. Thrust faults expose mylonitic and schistose metavolcanic rocks, and the two lowest are marked by slices of periodotite up to several tens of meters in length. Locally, conglomerates with clasts of peridotite, quartzite, and metavolcanic rocks are associated with the peridotite slices. A sill-like body of granitic orthogneiss occurs along one of the thrusts. Stretching lineations in the most intensely deformed rocks plunge steeply to the east, suggesting dominantly dip slip displacement. The origin(s) of the peridotite slices are enigmatic, but the authors provisionally interpret the peridotite to have been intermittently exposed atmore » the surface during thrusting, and the conglomerates to have been thrust-derived. Age of thrusting is unknown, but probably was between Middle Jurassic and Middle Cretaceous. The structure of this area argues against major deformation due to intrusion or return flow along the margins of the TIS.« less


Theoretical and practical problems involved in the application of electromechanical damping for spacecraft docking-mechanism attenuation are discussed. Some drawbacks of hydraulic dampers used for the purpose are pointed out. The basic scheme of the attenuator with the electromechanical damper is given.


Blue zones are areas where the inhabitants live longer than other people on this earth. Dan Buettner of National Geographic Magazine pioneered a study on the blue zones where it is common to find people above 90 years of age enjoying good health. Life-threatening diseases are rare. Researchers have found out certain commonalities among the food, activity and life styles in these areas. People eat generally low-processed, plant-based food more out of necessity than out of choice. The terrain is either rough or insular; hence import and export trade is limited. Therefore home-grown and locally-marketed produce forms their staple diet. The researchers noticed a 90-year-old woman fishing to get fish for her dinner. People keep moving the whole day; they are gardening, fishing or walking to visit relatives and friends. Gymnasium and treadmill are conspicuous by their absence. Familial, communal and societal bonds are strong. Nobody feels lonely nor is anyone left out. Spirituality transcends material gains. Lessons to be learnt from the blue zones: Sports, Education and Nutrition have a great implication on the health of the nation. Society as a whole has to create a positive ambience about what and how to eat, move and live. Promote and create awareness about fresh, wholesome, home-cooked food. Discourage processed, tinned and bottled health supplements, snacks and soft drinks. Ambulate throughout the day, not just a 40-minute workout. Educate the girl child, the future home maker. Mental health and happiness are more valuable than money and fame.


Medium-voltage DC (MVDC) collector grid has been a promising solution to improve energy yield of large-scale PV farms. To enable higher energy yield, multi-string maximum power point tracking (MPPT) DC-DC converter is desirable. This paper presents an non-isolated MPPT DC-DC converter for MVDC PV collector grid. Different from traditional MPPT converters, the proposed converter can operate in both buck and boost modes, which allows strings with large voltage difference coupled to a middle DC voltage. The power processing analysis indicates that the proposed converter features partial power processing in both buck and boost operations. Simulation simulation results are presented to confirm the high efficiency of the proposed converter. Mission profile based evaluation has been conducted to demonstrate that with the proposed buck-boost converter, more energy can be captured than using the conventional boost-only converter.


Researches were conducted in 2019-2020 in the department of closed artificial agroecosystems for plant growing on the basis of Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution "Federal Scientific Agroengineering Center VIM", Moscow. The object of the study was the seeds of tomatoes Solanum lycopersicum L. The aim of the research was to study the effect of a biostimulant (succinic acid) on biological characteristics and productivity of Solanum lycopersicum L. grown in the substrate hydroponics of a climatic chamber. As a result of conducted researches, there was identified the most effective method of using succinic acid as a biostimulator – inoculation of seeds, which contributed to an increase in yield with a significant rise in relation to the control – 64.1%. The average fruit weight in this variant was 114.1 g, which exceeds the control by 37.0%. The complex application of the biostimulator provided an increase in the average fruit weight in 18.6%, the addition of hydroponics to the nutrient solution is 4.1%.


The aim of experiment involved in this study is to measure the resistivity of intact rock samples in the CX basin.A new methed of drawing resistivity logging curve under the condition of simulated stratum,by using the resistivity measured from the bedrock was proposed.The train of thought of this method is as follows:①selecting a well exposed geological section in the CX area,describing the lithology,attitude and thickness of strata and collecting samples;②measuring the density,porosity and resistivity in real stratum conditions(such as pressure,saturation,mineralization);③analysing the measured results and determining the empirical formula of rock resistivity varied with the pressure,saturation and mineralization;④calculating the resistivity of tock and simulating the resistivity logging curve.The obstained resistivity logging curve achieved good result.


Sign language is a language which chiefly uses manual communication to convey meaning, as opposed to acoustically conveyed sound patterns. This can involve simultaneously combining hand shapes, orientation and movement of the hands, arms or body, and facial expressions to express a speaker's thoughts. Sign language is a way of non-verbal communication in which the signs, symbols and facial expression are used to communicate with each other, as communication is the process through which an individual or group of people communicate with each other using different type of medium. Communication is the basic need for a person to survive in this world where it becomes an essential tool for livelihood. In this study the main objective is to find the motive behind learning second language and sign language as a second language.100 respondents were selected for of the study through Purposive Sampling Technique. The study is a descriptive survey research design. For primary data collection survey method is used with structured questionnaire.


We investigate a THz-photomixer based on quasi-ballistic transport in an asymmetric n-i-p-n superlattice. The measured frequency roll-off is due to the device RC time constant alone whilst the transit-time limitation is overcome in this device. Measured power levels compare well with those from standard LT-GaAs photomixers.


The utility model relates to a recombination-type pipe section one piece supersonic flow meter, comprising a pipe section body with a fluid channel, wherein on the side wall of the pipe section body a pipe section opening communicated with the fluid channel is arranged, and a probe component fixed on the opening of the pipe section body, wherein the pipe section body comprise a inner sleeve and a reinforced outer thimble covered on the inner sleeve. By applying the mentioned structure of covering a reinforced outer thimble made of high tensile strength materials on the inner sleeve, the pressure can be imposed only on the reinforced outer thimble, thereby reducing the influence caused by the varying pressure on the measuring result of the flow meter.


In vitro conservation technology is one of the strategies to maintain the genetic diversity of perennial plants, such as Arabica coffee. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of nutrient elements dilution on the emphasis of growth of Arabica coffee micro cuttings of AS2K variety. The plant materials were Arabica coffee plantlets of AS2K variety which were reproduced using Murashige and Skoog (MS) media and given BA 2 g L−1, sucrose 30 g L−1, and phytagel 2.5 g L−1. The treatment conservation used MS medium without adding growth regulator with sucrose 30 g L−1 and phytagel 2.5 g L−1. The examined treatment was the dilution of MS nutrient elements into a half (1/2) and a quarter (1/4) of the basic concentration, the full (basic) MS as the control. The experimental design used was a completely randomized design with 10 replications. The results showed that Arabica coffee culture on 1/2 MS media can be considered for conservation since it is cost-effective, able to reduce the growth of shoots and produce more rooted plantlets than controls. This media culture can be stored for 8 months without morphological changes so that it can recover spontaneously.


simpAL is a programming language introducing an agent-oriented programming abstraction layer on top of actors, with the the aim of simplifying the development of programs that need to integrate aspects related to concurrency, interaction, reactivity and distribution.


Filled gelatin capsules can be inserted in the stomach of non-anaesthetized flounder using a cheap, easy tube and plunger method.


The issue of signification in language is as old as man. Structuralism has changed the relation of signifier and signified. According to the modern approach language is not more than a name of cultural codes, in this way, importance has been given to the signifying system rather than meaning. In Islamic intellectual history, a group of Muslim scholars had an opinion of natural relation between word and its meaning. One of them was Abbas b. Sulaiman a Mutazali scholar. But ahl al-Sunnah wa al-Jamat scholars' have different approach. In short, if we have a belief that a society gives meaning to a word then the approach to Shariah and the Quranic injunctions will be interpreted in the light of societal demands. We will have to admit the authority of time, space and society over meaning of the Quran and Sunnah which is against the teachings of Islam


In order to evaluate the major off-flavor components in frozen strawberry juice after ultra-high pressure(UHP) treatment,strawberry juice was subjected to UHP treatment at 400 MPa for 15 min,and then stored at-60,-18 ℃ and-5 ℃ for 4 weeks,respectively.Solid phase micro-extraction(SPME) with different fiber coatings and gas chromatographymass spectrometry(GC-MS) were used to analyze and identify the major off-flavor components.The results showed that volatile flavor components of strawberry juice after frozen storage revealed an obvious change and unpleasant off-flavor was observed.Compared with unfrozen strawberry juice,hydrogen sulfide and isooctyl alcohol were detected in frozen strawberry juice as the major off-flavor sources.


A SAM (Social Accounting Matrix) can be an important tool for measuring a society's activity, underlying which there are systems that can be worked upon in different ways. This tool will be presented as an alternative support for those who intervene in the policymaking process, which can be directed towards different parts of those systems. Both numerical and algebraic versions of the SAM will be referred to, while the method to be used in constructing the former from the System of National Accounts (SNA), implemented by the United Nations, will be examined. The SAM's basic structure and consistency within the whole system will be studied, as well as any possible disaggregations, extensions, aggregates, indicators and balances that can be calculated. Other aspects beyond that basic structure will also be examined.


AIM: To study the effects of Radix Astragali injection on glial reaction in and around cerebral hemorrhagic area. METHODS: Collagenase was injected into the stratum of the rat to produce a bleeding. Immunohistochemical ABC method was used to study the expressions of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), a marker for astrocyte, in the rat brain at different time points in Radix Astragali group and control group after intracerebral hemorrhage. RESULTS: There were more densely distributed GFAP-immunoreactive cells (398±6)/mm 2 around the blood clot 12 h after collagenase injection and the number of GFAP-positive cells was decreased by Radix Astragali [(368±3)/mm 2, P 0.05]. After 72 h, GFAP-positive cell attenuated (342±5)/mm 2 and was enhanced by Radix Astragali [(352± 4)/mm 2, P0.05]. CONCLUSION: The regulatory effect of Radix Astragali on astrocytes may be one of its mechanisms in repairing nervous functions after cerebral hemorrhage.


In this paper, social psychology methods were employed to explore the intention of a Greek city's residents to use a new bicycle network for their mobility needs, the factors affecting this intention, and the residents' attitudes toward the environment, car use, and alternative means of transport. A strong intention to use the new bicycle network was found, complemented by pro-environment, pro-alternative means of transport views and realization of car-related problems. The construction of the bicycle network, along with soft cycle-promotion policies and car-restriction measures, may strengthen the perceived behavioral control and attitude and, consequently, this intention.


THE SCOPE OF ACADEMIC FREEDOM Academic freedom is that freedom of members of the academic community, assembled in colleges and universities, which underlies the effective performance of their functions of teaching, learning, practice of the arts, and research. The right to academic freedom is recognized in order to enable faculty members and students to carry on their roles. It is not sought as a personal privilege, although scholars enjoy the activities it permits,' and the tenure rights of faculty members, which are conferred after a period of probation, bestow economic security as well as forestall restrictions on freedom that might stem from the power to dismiss. In relation to tenure the position of the faculty member resembles that of the judge who holds office during good behavior to safeguard his fearlessness and objectivity in the performance of his duties.2 The conception of academic freedom which is dominant in colleges and universities in the United States today rests mainly on three foundations:


In the new historical society,it is important to further research and promote Chinese management mode which is of great age function.Specific to see,the promotion of Chinese management mode plays a positive role in advancing China's economic development,boosting Chinese culture development,realizing the development of the society,strengthening the construction of political civilization,and improving the core competitiveness of China.


On mountainous areas, fuel for cooking, such as propane or firewood, has to be transported. A heat retention box (HRB) is an energy-efficient cooking device by completing the cooking process while reducing energy consumption and preserving all of the food's organoleptic properties. In this article we present the design of a cylindrical-shaped HRB (C-HRB), its construction and thermal evaluation. In addition, we have compared its thermal performance and its cost to the parallelepiped heat retention box (P-HRB), traditionally used in rural and urban areas of Mendoza, Argentina. Results show that the P-HRB keeps the food only 3.3°C warmer than the C-HRB after 1 hour. This period is an average cooking time for most meals. Furthermore, the cost is similar to the P-HRB, and it is moredurable during transport. This box is easily portable by mule, the pack animal most commonly used to transport goods and equipment in mountainous regions worldwide.


Data from the Cambridge Study in Delinquent Development, a prospective longitudinal survey of 411 London males, were analysed to identify predictors of participation (prevalence) in officially recorded offending between ages 10 and 20 years; of early onset (between ages 10 and 13 years) vs later onset of offending (between ages 14 and 20 years); and of persistence vs desistance of offending in adulthood (between ages 21 and 32 years) to investigate whether the same or different variables predicted these different aspects of criminal involvement. Generally, the three crime outcomes were predicted by different variables measured in childhood. Early antisocial behaviour, interaction with antisocial others, temperament (daring and low nervousness), low academic skills (school attainment), poor parental child-rearing practices and a low level of commitment to the family were independent predictors of participation in offending. In contrast, an early onset of offending was predicted particularly by low paternal involve-ment with the boy in leisure activities and was negatively related to interaction with antisocial others (parents and siblings). Persistence in crime between ages 21 and 32 years was predicted by low paternal involvement with the boy in leisure activities, a low degree of commitment to school and low verbal IQ at ages 8–10 years. It was not predicted by self-reported delinquent involvement at age 18, but it was pre-dicted by heavy drinking and unemployment in the teenage years. The data show the utility of considering different aspects of the 'criminal career' separately in seeking to understand and predict crime. Implications of the findings for criminological theories and interventions are discussed.


In wet waxy makeup on drying as well on the skin, it provides a rich and for good properties of the foam head retention, suitable make-up remover composition to a discharge from the mechanical pump type foam dispensing container . Foam maintains stability at -5 ° C.. Makeup remover composition of the present invention is also compared with the comparison product, to provide a high moisturizing feeling to the skin after rinsing it can be expected. Composition, the aqueous polyol surfactant matrix, including C10~C14 acyl alginate two sulfonates and C10~C14 acylglycinate specific minimum ratios.


The control system is a key technology to extract maximum energy from the incident wind. By regulating aerodynamic control, it is possible to adapt the changes in wind speed by controlling shaft speed. Thus, the turbine generator can track maximum power extracted from wind. In this paper, we propose a Lyapunov based switching control under quasi-linear ARX neural network (QARXNN) model to track maximum power of wind energy conversion system. The switching index is used to measure the stability of nonlinear controller and selects linear or nonlinear controller in order to ensure the stability. Interestingly, a simple switching law can be built utilizing the parameters of model directly. Finally, we have compared the proposed algorithm of switching controller with another algorithm. The results show that the proposed algorithm has better control performance.


Summary Synaptophysin isan integral membrane protein ofsmall synaptic vesicles inbrain andendocrine cells. We havedetermined thestructure andorganization ofthehumansynaptophysin geneandhaveestablished the chromosome localizations inman andmouse.Analysis ofa cosmid clone containing thehumansynaptophysin gene(SYP) revealed sevenexonsdistributed over "-20kb,whencompared withthepreviously published cDNAsequence.Theexon-intron boundaries havebeenidentified anddonotcorrelate with functional domains. Oneintron interrupts the3'untranslated region. Chromosomal localization ofthehuman andmurine genesforsynaptophysin established thehumanSYPlocus on theX chromosome insubbands Xpll.22-pll.23 andthemouse synaptophysin genelocus (Syp) on theX chromosome inregion A-D. Inaddition, an EcoO109 RFLPhasbeenidentified andusedingenetic mapping ofthehumanSYPlocus andsupportstheorder TIMP-SYP-DXS14 within a spanof"-4-7 centimorgans.


always been dominated by men, women have made important contributions to its development. In the face of frequently inadequate appropriations and insufficient staffing, the Forest Service may not have been able to accomplish much of its mission were it not for the able assistance of women. Women have performed many of the critical administrative and management functions necessary to ensure the smooth operation of the service, such as fire fighting, timber contracts, reporting, and public relations. To suggest the importance of women in the Forest Service and in other government agencies nationally, this study focuses on what women did and were expected to do for the Forest Service in the state of California during the early years of this century3 By serving as clerks, telephone operators, and rangers' wives, these forgotten foresters assisted the service in carrying out its mission in California and assumed a role as infor


Abstract : This report summarizes the result of a literature and bibliographic review and telephone survey of Department of Defense (DoD) installations that focused on issues related to Native American access to religious and sacred sites located on DoD lands. The report briefly examines the nature of religious and sacred sites, the legal framework for allowing Native American access to these properties, and current DoD policies concerning access issues. The nationwide telephone survey yielded considerable information on current Native American access programs at DoD installations. Using these data, a recommendation is made for an approach that will result in a better understanding of Native American access needs by DoD personnel. Access, Native Americans, Department of Defense installations, Sacred and religious sites.


Feature Tracked Winds (FTWinds), derived by tracking cloud and water vapor motions from geostationary satellite imagery, have proven to be an important source of data for the U.S. Department of Defense (DoD) global weather prediction model, the Navy Operational Global Atmospheric Prediction System (NOGAPS). Fleet Numerical Meteorology and Oceanography Center (FNMOC) and Air Force Weather Agency (AFWA) also run highresolution regional forecast models for remote areas of interest to DoD, where in-situ data may be absent and FTWinds become a particularly important data type. In addition, the Navy and Air Force jointly forecast for tropical cyclones over vast regions of the oceans, and FTWinds are an important source of observations for these operations. Because of the diverse and global scope of these responsibilities, a robust FTWinds processing algorithm commensurate with currently utilized algorithms at other data processing centers (e.g., NESDIS) is highly desirable for DoD. Therefore, the Navy and Air Force have teamed with the Cooperative Institute for Meteorological Satellite Studies (CIMSS) at the University of Wisconsin and the Naval Research Lab (NRL) in Monterey to transition state-of-the-art FTWinds software into the DoD operational processing environment. An AFWA, FNMOC, and CIMSS integration team installed the software on hardware at AFWA, and the system became operational in the summer of 2001. _____________________________________ *Corresponding author address: Charles E. Skupniewicz, FNMOC, 7 Grace Hopper Ave., STOP 1, Monterey, CA 93943-5501 email@example.com 2. CONCEPT OF OPERATIONS (CONOPS)


The technological process of a multi-element one-parameter selective assembly is considered. The schemes of set-making of this elements and formation of the selective groups are shown. The main analytical relationships describing this process are presented. A simulation model of one-parameter selective assembly of three elements has been developed, which makes it possible to determine the number of accepted assembly sets, incomplete elements forming incomplete production and preliminary scrappage. The results of modeling and prospects for further research are presented. The obtained results can form the basis for the development of combined (analytical and simulation) models of a one-parameter multi-element assembly and be used to assess the reserves for increasing the efficiency of the assembly process.


In this paper, the authors presented the research on laser formed construction bars made of C20 steel on the example of the T-shape. The CO 2 TRUMPF TruFlow 6000 laser was used in the research. The influence of the laser treatment parameters (the power and speed of the heat source) on the volume of the bend angle, structure and properties of the elements (hardness and tensile strength) was examined. On the basis of the results obtained from the conducted experiments, the authors suggested a way of selecting treatment parameters so that the element should meet the strength assumptions at the allowable time of its implementation.


Large‐scale sequencing has characterized an enormous number of genetic variations (GVs), and the functional analysis of GVs is fundamental for understanding the difference of disease susceptibility and therapeutic response among populations. Combined with a sequence‐based predictor of GPS 2.1 (http://gps.biocuckoo.org), known phosphorylation and protein‐protein interaction information, we computationally detected 4,490 potential phosSNPs (Phosphorylation‐related non‐synonymous single nucleotide polymorphisms) including 275 known disease‐associated SNPs that dramatically rewire the human phosSNP‐associated kinase‐substrate network. Also, cancer genes and drug targets were significantly over‐represented in the network, whereas proteins in the network are heavily implicated in a number of signaling and cancer pathways. Moreover, we observed that known inherited disease‐ or cancer‐associated mutations were significantly over‐represented in predicted phosSNPs, with a two‐fold enrichment. In addition, we re‐constructed four population‐specific kinase‐substrate networks and revealed several inherited disease or cancer genes such as IRS1, RAF1 and EGFR were differentially regulated by phosSNPs. Thus, phosSNPs may influence the disease and cancer susceptibility by differentially rewiring the phosphorylation networks among different populations. Taken together, our results can be helpful for further experimental analysis of the molecular mechanisms of known disease‐associated phosSNPs, and provided new leads for personalized medicine. The PhosSNP 2.0 database was freely available for academic research at http://phossnp.biocuckoo.org.


Blood pressure increases in women after menopause. The mechanisms responsible have not been elucidated. The present study was performed to test the hypothesis that 20‐HETE levels and expression of the cytochrome P450 (CYP) 4A ω‐hydroxylases are different in young female (YF, aged 3 mos, n=5–6) and postmenopausal (PMR, 16 mos, n=5–6) spontaneously hypertensive rats. 20‐HETE was measured by liquid chromatography‐mass spectroscopy; renal cortical mRNA expression of CYP4A isoforms were measured by real time RT‐PCR; and CYP 4A protein was measured by western blot. The renal production of 20‐HETE was 2 fold higher in YF than PMR (101.5±5.2 vs 44.4±2.8 pmol/min/mg; p<0.001). There was no difference in production of 20‐HETE in renal or cerebral blood vessels. Renal cortical mRNA expression of CYP4A2 was increased 2 fold (n=8/grp; p<0.01), and CYP4A8 mRNA expression was decreased by 50% (n=8/grp; p<0.01) in PMR compared to YF. CYP4A protein expression was decreased by 15% in PMR. The data suggest that renal production of 20‐HETE is reduced in PMR, and that this may contribute to the resetting of pressure‐natriuresis and development of postmenopausal hypertension in PMR.


Award in Communication. College: Liberal Arts. Program: Professional Technical Communication. Course: Mass Communications. Professor: Rudy Pugliese. Student Honor Awardees are selected by the faculty who teach courses in these areas of Liberal Arts and by the Kearse Awards Committee. Twenty-Ninth Kearse Distinguished Lecture Award Ceremony, nomination for Lynda Redden 2009.


The purpose of this paper is to provide a novel training-responding controlling approach for human–robot interaction. The approach is inspired by the processes of muscle memory and conditioned reflex. The approach is significant for dealing with the problems of robot's redundant movements and operator's fatigue in human–robot interaction system.,This paper presented a directional double clustering algorithm (DDCA) to achieve the training process. The DDCA ensured that the initial clustering centers uniformly distributed in every desired cluster. A minimal resource allocation network was used to construct a memory responding algorithm (MRA). When the human–robot interaction system needed to carry out a task for more than one time, the desired movements of the robot were given by the MRA without repeated training. Experimentally demonstrated results showed the proposed training-responding controlling approach could successfully accomplish human–robot interaction tasks.,The training-responding controlling approach improved the robustness and reliability of the human–robot interaction system, which presented a novel controlling method for the operator.,This approach has significant commercial applications, as a means of controlling for human–robot interaction could serve to point to the desired target and arrive at the appointed positions in industrial and household environment.,This work presented a novel training-responding human-robot controlling method. The human-robot controlling method dealt with the problems of robot's redundant movements and operator's fatigue. To the authors' knowledge, the working processes of muscle memory and conditioned reflex have not been reported to apply to human-robot controlling.


Objective: This paper presents the results of a study that aimed at analyzing the determinants of payout ratio of Brazilian healthcare providers (OPS) under the Supplementary Health Agency (ANS) regulation. It focuses on OPS classified as medical cooperative (COM) and group medicine (MDG). Foundation: The dividend policy is one of the most important decisions in corporative finance. Several studies have analyzed the variables that explained this decision. However, these studies usually focus on public companies and they do not address the regulation role. Methodology: The developed research can be classified as a quantitative, descriptive and explanatory one. The employed sample consisted of healthcare OPS whose 2010-2016 data are publicly available on the ANS website. Data analysis followed these techniques: descriptive statistics, and data panel regression. Results: We verified that the MDG distribute higher portion of their results compared to COM. The estimated models fit the data very well, what indicates the adequacy of traditional variables for explaining the phenomenon. In relation to regulation variables, we observed that the region of location of OPS was the major determinant variable for explaining payout ratios. Contributions: The developed research offers a range of contributions, such as: (a) it addressed the gap in literature about payout in private companies; (b) enhanced the relevance of regulation in explaining payout ratios; (c) it also indicated the validity of traditional variables in models, as a way of explaining OPS payout; and (d) it proposed regulatory variables to help explain this phenomenon on these organizations.


Traditional abnormal trajectory detection algorithms mainly involve the measurement of a single feature; however, the influence of other features on abnormal trajectory is ignored, resulting in the inability to fully discover the abnormal trajectory in the trajectory database. To overcome this limitation, we propose an abnormal trajectory detection method – called $TADSS$ – to find the hidden abnormal trajectory by using a comprehensive measurement. Firstly, we employ three kernel functions to measure the time, velocity and position feature values of trajectory data, where the kernel functions extract semantic feature of the position, time feature of trajectory, and velocity feature of object motion from each trajectory data. Secondly, we propose a feature fusion strategy to measure the similarity of trajectory data, where we assign weights to the above kernel functions and then use a linear combination approach to fuse the weighted kernel functions. Thirdly, we build a trajectory feature graph by using the above fused kernel functions, and then divide the trajectory feature graph into a plurality of subgraphs by using a conventional graph clustering technique. Last, we propose a sparse subgraph method to detect abnormal trajectory, where a novel weight coefficient concept is used to distinguish sparse subgraph. Experimental results driven by both the vehicle trajectory data of Shanghai city and the Atlantic hurricane data demonstrate the performance of our $TADSS$ .


During 2012, Sierra Leone experienced a cholera epidemic with 22,815 reported cases and 296 deaths. We conducted a matched case-control study to assess risk factors, enrolling 49 cases and 98 controls. Stool specimens were analyzed by culture, polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). Conditional logistic regression found that consuming unsafe water (matched odds ratio [mOR]: 3.4; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.1, 11.0), street-vended water (mOR: 9.4; 95% CI: 2.0, 43.7), and crab (mOR: 3.3; 95% CI: 1.03, 10.6) were significant risk factors for cholera infection. Of 30 stool specimens, 13 (43%) showed PCR evidence of toxigenic Vibrio cholerae O1. Six specimens yielded isolates of V. cholerae O1, El Tor; PFGE identified a pattern previously observed in seven countries. We recommended ensuring the quality of improved water sources, promoting household chlorination, and educating street vendors on water handling practices.


Oblique incidence anisotropy in nickel films was investigated. In addition to the anisotropy which arises from an anisotropic stress in the film plane, there exist two anisotropy fields H k (1) and H k (2) which lie in the direction nearly parallel to the vapor beam direction and in the direction perpendicular to the incidence plane, respectively. Both the anisotropy fields H k (1) and H k (2) result from the columnar grains. The elongated shape of the columnar grain contributes to H k (1), while the structure such as the bundle of the columnar grains may contribute to H k (2). Furthermore, the residual strain, which seems to be a microstrain associated with the columnar grain structure, contributes to H k (1).


.............................................................................................................................. 2 CONTENTS ............................................................................................................................... 3 INTRODUCTION ...................................................................................................................... 4 METHODS ................................................................................................................................. 6 Participants ............................................................................................................................. 6 Equipment .............................................................................................................................. 7 Procedure ................................................................................................................................ 9 Data analysis .......................................................................................................................... 9 RESULTS ................................................................................................................................. 12 Qualitative postural changes ................................................................................................ 12 Weight-bearing asymmetry .................................................................................................. 13 Shifts in weight bearing ........................................................................................................ 14 CoP movements .................................................................................................................... 16 DISCUSSION .......................................................................................................................... 17 Weight-bearing characteristics ............................................................................................. 18 CoP movements ................................................................................................................ 18 Qualitative postural changes ............................................................................................ 19 Shifts in weight bearing .................................................................................................... 20 Weight-bearing asymmetry .............................................................................................. 21 Strategies in standing ........................................................................................................... 23 Future directions ................................................................................................................... 24 Conclusion ............................................................................................................................ 25 REFERENCES ......................................................................................................................... 26 Appendix 1 ............................................................................................................................... 30 Appendix 2 ............................................................................................................................... 31


ANTIBODIES that lock up tumor cell surface receptors may be another novel way to attack cancer. Mark I. Greene, MD, PhD, and colleagues at the University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, have identified antibodies that react with certain cell surface receptors which play an important role in tumor-genesis. "These receptors, when expressed in a particular form or density, can determine the malignant state, Greene told the American Cancer Society seminar in Daytona Beach, Fla. Green and coworkers previously identified a transforming gene from neuroblastomas they called "neu," which encodes the "p185" receptor protein. Greene and colleagues found how a point mutation makes the normal gene product tumorigenic. They have now developed monoclonal antibodies that react with and down-modulate the p185 protein. The down-regulation occurs because the p185 proteins bound to antibodies are absorbed by the cell. This novel approach appears to convert the malignant cell back to a normal


In the fast developing modern society, scientific technology,as the substantial embodiment of sense and main product of modern cultural industry,has turned the human beings into single-direction rational machines, the severe materialization has brought crisis to human society. The realization of high emotional importance is not only the gradually growing inherent demands of human, but also is the bridge between people and technology. Its realization depends on research into the real needs of human and inheritance of the cultural spirits.


The probability hypothesis density (PHD) is the first order statistical moment of the multiple target posterior density; the PHD recursion involves multiple integrals that generally have no closed form solutions. A (Sequential Monte Carlo)SMC implementation of the PHD filter has been proposed to tackle the issue of joint estimating the number of targets and their states. However, because the state transition does not take into account the most recent observation, the particles drawn from prior transition may have very low likelihood and their contributions to the posterior estimation become negligible. In this paper, we propose a novel algorithm named Unscented Kalman Particle PHD filter (UKP- PHD), and associate it with Multiple dynamical Models (MM)method. The algorithm consists of a P-PHD filter that uses an Unscented Kalman filter to generate the importance proposal distribution; the UKF allows the P-PHD filter to incorporate the latest observations into a prior updating routine and thus, generates proposal distributions that match the true posterior more closely. Moreover, The MM solves the problem of tracking manoeuvring targets. Simulation shows that the proposed filter outperforms the P-PHD filter.


We computed the free energy of solvation for a series of ions and neutral molecules using two different continuum approaches. First, we used the AM1–SM1 technique, where the AM1 Fock matrix is modified to include a generalized Born contribution. Second, we applied the DelPhi approach, where the electrostatic component of the free energy of solvation is evaluated by resolving the Poisson–Boltzman equation by a finite difference method. Both methods appear equally reliable for ionic systems. For neutral compounds, AM1–SM1 performs better than DelPhi; however, the differences become less pronounced for compounds with larger free energies of solvation. In parallel, both methods were applied to study the influence of the solvation process in the overall drug receptor interaction for a series of closely related ligands for the D1 dopamine receptor. An inverse linear relationship was found between the free energy of solvation and the logarithm of the affinity of the ligands; nevertheless, electrostatic properties are likely to modulate affinity as well. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.