The large amount of fly ash produced in the process of power generation through coal based thermal power stations is a matter of great environmental concern. Proper handling of this huge amount of fly ash is badly needed. As we know that fly ash is a coal residue, so it is entirely organic in nature. It has different micro and macro nutrients like soil. The present study was performed to find out the effect of fly ash on different growth and yield parameters of wheat through field experiments. Fly ash (FA), organic manure like farmyard manure (FYM) and chemical fertilizer (CF) were used alone and also in different combinations. In relation to different parameters it was seen that combined application of fly ash and chemical fertilizer with farmyard manure helped in improving the estimated various growth characters as compared to fly ash alone and control.


【With the reduction of contagious diseases throughout the world and prolonged life expectancy has lead into increase of habitual related diseases. Industrial development and better economic situation made people more concerned about their health. As primary illnesses are subdued in the past years, health care system and the public value prevention and well-being more than the treatment itself. Based on this trend, this study focused on the view of life from the perspective of Oriental medicine as it's peculiarities, regimen methods, and the definition of healthy life are evaluated. Following results were obtained: - View of life in Oriental medicine focused on two basic principles of interrelationship between the organs internally, inter-dependency with the natural environment and social surrounding externally as recognition and respect between the medium were valued. - Sustaining and maintaining good health in Oriental medicine are closely related to prenatally healthy pregnancy and fetation, as well as prenatal training. Postnatal maintenance includes accommodation to seasonal changes, adequate food intake, mind control, various regimen methods and avoidance of wrong doings. - Defining health includes body's internal condition and external influences, principles of essence, qi, spirit, and yin and yang, harmony and balance, and individuality. - To conclude, good health in Oriental medicine is defined as 'external adaptation to society and natural environment, and internal balancing of individual difference with accumulation of essence, nurturing and circulating qi, and every material around the body in harmony and balance.'】


Practical collective robotic systems will be faced with decisions that have to be made in order for them to function effectively. In this paper, we present a biologically inspired algorithm that allows system level decisions to be made. Such decisions ensure consensus amongst the robots that make up a collective system. Our algorithm is based on the collective house hunting strategy of a particular species of ant. A series of experiments were conducted in simulation in order to study our algorithm's performance. A particular variable, the quorum, was found to strongly impact decision making ability. It was found that setting the quorum as high as the robots that composed a system could reliably measure produced the best results


To study the prognostic value of P53 and MDM2 protein expression in patients of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Methods: Samples of 72 cases of HCC were detected by immunohistochemical technique with SP, using the specific monoclonal antibodies against anti-P53 proteins and anti-MDM2. In 72 patients, the patients who had mutant P53 expression and MDM2 were compared with the other patients who had no mutant P53 expression and no MDM2 for clinicopathological paramenters and survival. Results: The frequencies of P53 and MDM2 positivity in HCC cells were 38.89% (28/72) and 31.94% (23/72), respectively. Expression of MDM2 showed a significantly positive correlation with expression of mutant P53 (r=0.248, P0.05). Patients with positive expression of mutant P53 or protein MDM2 had poorer prognosis than patients with negative mutant P53 or protein MDM2 protein expression. Moreover, patients with both positive expression of mutant P53 or protein MDM2 (13/72, 18.06%) had the most poor prognosis than other patients with negative mutant P53 or protein MDM2 protein expression. According to Cox,s hazards analysis, univariate and multivariate analysis showed that positive expression of mutant P53 or protein MDM2 protein, and HCC sizes were significant determinants of patients, overall survival. MDM2 expression was the most useful independent factor for patients, overall survival (P(0.000 1)). Conclusion:Detected immunohistochemically, mutant P53 or protein MDM23 protein overexpression may be used as the useful predictor of poor prognosis in patients with HCC.


ABSTRACT In this article, I explore how Qiu Zhijie's curation of the exhibition Continuum – Generation by Generation at the China Pavilion of the 57th Venice Biennale offers a new understanding of 'China' and 'Chineseness'. It is neither a reproduction of literati arts nor a critical use of symbols of socialist China, but an appropriation of Chinese folk culture to re-envision the central role of China in the global art scene. This new form of Chineseness is what I call 'folk culture China'. Although the curator attempts to challenge the existing interpretation of contemporary Chinese art widely circulated in the art market, the curatorial strategy deployed in this exhibition inherits a culturalist view of Chinese culture by re-nationalizing folk culture as the essence of Chinese culture that sustains Chinese civilization. Folk culture China also highlights the importance of collaboration between folk and contemporary artists in which the former can remind the latter of the collective spirit embodied in craftsmanship, which is the core of the Chinese mode of art-making. More importantly, folk culture China is an anti-nation-statist discourse that paradoxically repositions China from an object of the Euro-American-centric contemporary art system to the center of the world.


Motivated by the extensive investigations of integro-differential equations on $\mathbb{R}^n$, we consider nonlocal filtration type equations with rough kernels on the Heisenberg group $\mathbb{H}^n$. We prove the existence and uniqueness of weak solutions corresponding to suitable initial data. Furthermore, we obtain the large time behavior of solutions and the uniform H\"older regularity of sign-changing solutions for the porous medium type equations ($m\geq 1$). Notice that both conformal fractional operators $\mathscr{L}_{\alpha/2}$ and pure power fractional operators $\mathscr{L}^{\alpha/2}$ on the Heisenberg group $\mathbb{H}^n$ have their integral representations with suitable kernels. Therefore, all the results in this paper will hold for these equations with operators $\mathscr{L}_{\alpha/2}$ or $\mathscr{L}^{\alpha/2}$.


With the example of the "4·14" earthquake in Yushu Qinghai province,according to the geographical and weather features of high altitude district which is anoxic,the difficulty of earthquake rescue in high altitude district which is anoxic was analyzed.Suggestion and measures to earthquake rescue in high altitude district were put forward form the aspects of selecting fire fighters,equipment and logistics assurance.The rescue in high altitude and anoxic district depends on the fire fighting force from same area.The rescue team should be equipped with special equipment which can be used at cold and anoxic area.Transportation method should be effective,the people and light equipment should be transported with aircraft in one time.The rescue teams need to be trained to rescue in high altitude anoxic district,more medical supplies is needed also.The rescuer should be protected himself at least for 72 hours.


In his historical perspective, Jeffrey O'Riordan accounts for the appearance of rickets in London in the early 17th century from reduced UV exposure and vitamin D deficiency, resulting from coal burning and air pollution. However, we propose another hypothesis to account for the appearance of rickets, which also accounts for O'Riordan's observation that rickets was reported initially in the country, where presumably there was less smoke. Rickets was evidently a popularly known disease in the early 17th century and was described in the Netherlands as early as 1614. The appearance of rickets was coincident with another cultural practice increasingly adopted in 17th century London: wet-nursing. Infants from wealthier parishes were sent out of London to wet-nurses in country parishes. Rickets was more common among affluent than working-class children. Francis Glisson observed, "this disease doth more frequently invade the cradles of the rich than afflict poor men's children." Swinburne pointed out that "there was a suspicion among families and doctors that a bad wet-nurse or poor feeding provoked the condition." Infants who were wet-nursed in the country were likely to have as much sun exposure as other children in the wet-nurse's family. Wet-nurses often nursed several children simultaneously. The concentration of calcium in breast milk declines as the duration of breast feeding increases. Consequently, the continuous lactation of the wet-nurse would have resulted in a relatively low calcium concentration of her breast milk. Cereal porridges used in weaning, possibly with high phytate content, would have further aggravated a marginal calcium intake. We propose that the calcium intake of many infants who were wet-nursed and weaned to cereal porridges was insufficient to permit adequate bone mineralization. The resultant hypocalcemia and secondary hyperparathyroidism are likely to have increased vitamin D catabolism and converted relative vitamin D insufficiency to vitamin D deficiency. The latter hypothesis emphasizes the role of low dietary calcium intakes in the pathogenesis of rickets and is analogous to the situation in developing countries today, where calcium deficiency is an important cause of nutritional rickets. Whereas vitamin D–deficient rickets typically manifests in the first year of life, Glisson described manifestations primarily in the second year, similar to children with inadequate calcium intake. Calcium deficiency likely contributed to the appearance of rickets in England, which was probably supplanted 200 years later by vitamin D deficiency as the principal cause of rickets during the industrial revolution.


This paper examines the concept of competence education and suggests that university libraries can function as facilitators,ervice providers and educators in competence education of students.


As a poet in the Mid-Tang Dynasty,Li Yi's forbears was one of the old and well known families.However,Li Yi had not made achievement in terms of political careers throughout his life.Three major aspects are the possible reasons for his failure,including the social environment,his personality the inadequate competence of management.


SUMMARY This paper outlines the use of multibody systems analysis as a tool for vehicle designers. The way in which the ADAMS program is used to model and simulate the performance of automotive suspension systems together with the forces and moments occurring at the tyre/road contact patch is described followed by an account of the full vehicle modelling requirements to predict handling characteristics. For suspension systems the level of modelling complexity and simulations which may be performed in support of a new vehicle design are discussed. The methods used to model experimental tyre force and moment data are described followed by an outline of some of the simulations performed to predict the handling performance of the full vehicle. Vehicle handling simulations have been carried out using data for a large saloon vehicle and compared with results obtained during instrumented testing on the proving ground. Initial comparisons for extreme manoeuvres indicate that relatively simple suspension and tyre ...


On the base of explaining ceremony ideology,the relationship between ceremony ideology and Chinese traditional architecture and Chinese traditional architecture decoration were discussed,architecture implicated profound culture thought as culture vector was analyzed and strengthened from "Li" spirit in traditional architecture decoration and concrete embodiment in traditional architecture decoration component.


The Adjusted Rand Index measures the quality of the results of clustering algorithms for data. In this work, a study is shown about the Adjusted Rand Index applied in two algorithms, the Fuzzy C-Means and ckMeans. Experiments are made on the Vowels data base that was previously validated. Results of these algorithms partitions are shown and also the ratio of these results, ie, the quality of the results is discussed groups.


BACKGROUND
Numerous studies have documented the clinical outcomes of laser therapy for untreated periodontitis, but very few have reported on lasers treating inflamed pockets during maintenance therapy. The aim of this study is to compare the effectiveness of scaling and root planing (SRP) plus the adjunctive use of diode laser therapy to SRP alone on changes in the clinical parameters of disease and on the gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) inflammatory mediator interleukin-1β (IL-1β) in patients receiving regular periodontal maintenance therapy.

METHODS
This single-masked and randomized, controlled, prospective study includes 22 patients receiving regular periodontal maintenance therapy who had one or more periodontal sites with a probing depth (PD) ≥ 5 mm with bleeding on probing (BOP). Fifty-six sites were treated with SRP and adjunctive laser therapy (SRP + L). Fifty-eight sites were treated with SRP alone. Clinical parameters, including PD, clinical attachment level (CAL), and BOP, and GCF IL-1β levels were measured immediately before treatment (baseline) and 3 months after treatment.

RESULTS
Sites treated with SRP + L and SRP alone resulted in statistically significant reductions in PD and BOP and gains in CAL. These changes were not significantly different between the two therapies. Similarly, differences in GCF IL-1β levels between SRP + L and SRP alone were not statistically significant.

CONCLUSION
In periodontal maintenance patients, SRP + L did not enhance clinical outcomes compared to SRP alone in the treatment of inflamed sites with ≥ 5 mm PD.


The extensive research conducted in the past decades has led to the development of safe and reliable Artificial Pancreas (AP). However, there are still several challenges hindering successful fully automated insulin delivery such as maintaining time-in-range (TIR) above 90% throughout treatment and continuously administering exogenous insulin to patients with severe insulin resistance. The traditional strategy has been to implement an algorithm capable of handling the full complexity of the insulin-glucose physiology (IGP) while keeping blood glucose (BG) within the desired TIR. This paper proposes a novel architecture that adopts independent agents specialized in the control of each critical compartment of the IGP and a Decision Engine (DE) that coordinates the agents to achieve near-optimal performance. The approach allows for the development of treatments tailored to the patient's physiology through custom tuning based on patient-specific metabolic parameters. The preliminary results led to superior TIR, predictive carbohydrate (CHO) and insulin behavior, and greater system robustness.


I t all started almost by chance in early 1997. A lovebird breeder friend who had at the time recently purchased several Blackcheeked Lovebirds Agapornis nigrigensis, let me know she had a couple of birds available for sale. At that time I really wasn't interested in getting into another species of lovebirds (as I had only Peach-faced at the time) and didn't think I was ready to tackle a rare species of lovebird. But I decided it was worth the four-hour round trip to visit my friend and to see her new birds in any case. I was fascinated from the moment I arrived. Here in the cage before me were five of the most beautiful tiny green jewels I had ever seen. Their relative quiet (compared to the same number of Peach-faced Lovebirds) and vibrant colors amazed me. After being captivated by these birds for 15 minutes, I decided to get two of them to take home with me. Once I got home and got the birds settled in a new cage, I began to do research on the internet and in all the bird books and magazines I owned. I was disappointed in how little current information there was out there. What I did learn was that this species is considered threatened in its native habitat in southwest Zambia, Africa along the northern tributaries of the Zambesi River. The area they occupy is only about 10,000 meters square. I also learned that this species has been frequently hybridized in aviculture with other eye-ring lovebird species (Fischer's, Masked, Nyasa) and that birds of pure lineage were now harder to find. Signs of hybridization include dark black mask (instead of black-brown), any blue in the rump color (should be green), and the salmon patch under the chin should not contain any yellow nor extend down the chest. After doing my research, I decided I would definitely like to try breeding this species but my first hurdle to clear was that both of my birds were DNA sexed hens. I began my yearlong search for a male Black-cheeked Lovebird. Eventually I found a breeder who was short on females and was willing to trade bird for bird. I was ecstatic. After the bird came out of quarantine, I set him up with my lone hen. After four weeks, I began to think there was a problem when the male began to look "eggy." Sure enough this new bird was also a female. That'll teach me not to have them DNA sexed first! By this time the weather was prohibitive to try to ship in another bird so we waited the winter and spring out. The plus was that I now had two non-related female Black-cheeked Lovebirds. The next summer I found another breeder who had confirmed DNA sexed males available. I opted for one male since I hadn't planned on having two pairs of Black-cheeked Lovebirds. I had thought about selling a female but wanted to wait a while. After the obligatory quarantine I introduce the male to the older of the two females. I had them set up in my largest cage - 3 1/2 feet long, 2 1/2 feet tall and 1 1/2 feet deep with a larger than usual nestbox 10 inch H x 10 inch W x 8 inch D in size. I normally use 6 x 6 x 6 inch nestboxes for my Peach-faced and Fischer's Lovebirds. I placed one inch of aspen shavings in the bottom of the box for a base and I gave them plenty of fresh palm fronds (ordered from a church supply company) for nesting material and waited. She laid a total of six eggs but all were infertile. I wasn't too disappointed as it was their first pairing and things don't always go perfectly the first time. After a break of eight weeks, I set them up again. Again she laid six eggs; again they were all infertile. I decided to change things around by switching females. The male was now paired with the younger female in the large cage. Things were different from the first second. The pair was together non-stop - no fighting, lots of mutual preening, and sleeping side by side. When I offered the nest box and the palm fronds, the box was stuffed with strips of palm within two weeks. They even weren't shy about mating and copulated (several times that I noted) on the perch in front of the nestbox. The hen had made a 2-room domed nest with an entry room for the male with another chamber further under for the eggs. It was fascinating to see how much work she put into the nest but at the same time it was frustrating to not be able to monitor the eggs without destroying her work. She went on to lay a total of six eggs as well (one every other day) with five of them being fertile. All of the fertile eggs hatched but the last chick died within 24 hours of hatching. Around the time the oldest one began to feather out, I noticed that the parents (I never figured out who was the culprit) began to pluck the feathers out of the back of the babies. I recalled hearing or reading somewhere that Black-Cheeked Lovebirds require more protein in their diet when rearing chicks and began to offer them mealworms. They wouldn't even touch them! You'd think I was trying to poison them! I instead began to offer them soaked monkey biscuits, which they devoured completely. Within days I noticed an improvement in the condition of the babies' feathers - the adults didn't stop picking the babies completely but gradually the babies were feathering in more than they were being picked. The parents went on to raise three beautiful DNA sexed males (one died right around weaning). Black-Cheeked Lovebirds are uncommon in aviculture but hopefully with continued breeding, this gem will become a common lovebird in the future. While I am certainly no expert on this species (or any other for that matter), I did enjoy my first successful attempt with breeding these beautiful eye-ring lovebirds. I look forward to raising more Black-cheeked Lovebirds and to hearing tips, successes and problems from other breeders of this species.


To study the effects of row spacing on grain yield and quality of different (super-high) yield wheat (varieties), the properties of grain yield and quality of different (super-high) yielding wheat (varieties) were studied under different row spacing. The results showed that the trend of grain yield, total spikelet number and ear number of (super-high) yielding wheat varieties under the same planting density(225×10~4/hm~2) was that the highest of that were obtained at row spacing 16.67 cm. The optimum row spacing required for realizing the biggest ear number of (super-high) yielding wheat varieties was different because row spacing and variety of (super-high) yielding wheat interact on ear number. The biggest ear number were inchieved at row spacing of (16.7 cm) for Zhoumai 16 and Aizao 8, for Wenmai 6-986 and Bainong 9711 at 20 cm and for Yanshi 4110 at 23.3 cm. The influences of row spacing on the main quality properties, such as protein content and (sedimentation) value,were not significant. It suggests that grain yield may be increased by adjusting row spacing for raising ear number based on the (effects) of each yield components on yield of (super-high) yielding wheat (varieties).


The biostratigraphy of Miocene-age sediment samples recovered from Ocean Drilling Program Sites 1143 and 1146, South China Sea, is presented. The preservation of the planktonic foraminifers recovered from both sites varies widely, from poor to very good. The volume of biogenic sediment in the >63-μm size fraction also varies considerably, with many samples being dominated by mud. In comparison to shipboard biostratigraphy, based on core catcher analyses with a depth resolution of ~10 m, we analyzed samples from the two stratigraphic columns every 2–3 m (~45to 93-k.y. resolution). The placement of planktonic foraminifer zonal boundaries was made at a resolution of ~1.5 m at Site 1146 and ~3.0 m at Site 1143. The higher resolution has resulted in significant changes in biostratigraphic zonal boundary locations compared to shipboard results. For the time interval of 5.54–10.49 Ma, the changes in zonation reveal similar age-depth models at both sites, with three segments of changing sedimentation rate through the upper Miocene, though the differences in sedimentation rates at Site 1146 are subtler than those at Site 1143. The boundary between lithologic Units II and III at Site 1146 corresponds to a sharp change in sedimentation rate (58 to 21 m/m.y.) at 15.1 Ma (the first occurrence of Orbulina suturalis). At this site, the interval from 16.4 to 15.1 Ma is characterized by very high mass accumulation rates in the noncarbonate fraction. Above this interval the carbonate fraction becomes increasingly important in the sediment flux to the South China Sea. At Site 1143, sedimentation rates increase from 8 to 99 m/m.y. at 8.6 Ma. This corresponds to a dramatic increase in 1Nathan, S.A., and Leckie, R.M., 2003. Miocene planktonic foraminiferal biostratigraphy of Sites 1143 and 1146, ODP Leg 184, South China Sea. In Prell, W.L., Wang, P., Blum, P., Rea, D.K., and Clemens, S.C. (Eds.), Proc. ODP, Sci. Results, 184, 1–43 [Online]. Available from World Wide Web: . [Cited YYYYMM-DD] 2Department of Geosciences, University of Massachusetts, 611 North Pleasant Street, Amherst MA 01003, USA. Correspondence author: email@example.com Initial receipt: 6 September 2002 Acceptance: 12 February 2003 Web publication: 20 June 2003 Ms 184SR-219 S.A. NATHAN AND R.M. LECKIE MIOCENE PLANKTONIC FORAMINIFERAL BIOSTRATIGRAPHY 2 both carbonate and noncarbonate mass accumulation rates at the site, but no change in lithology.


The invention provides a mobile terminal which comprises a judgment module, an extraction module and a display module, wherein the judgment module is used for judging whether a picture exists in information received by the mobile terminal; the extraction module is connected to the judgment module and is used for extracting the picture in the information when the judgment module judges that the picture exists in the information; and the display module is connected to the extraction module and is used for displaying the extracted picture. According to the technical scheme adopted by the invention, the picture in the information can be rapidly viewed in a centralized mode and the fussy operating step in the process of viewing the picture in the information is avoided. The invention also provides a picture processing method.


The invention discloses acteoside and a separating preparation method thereof, and relates to natural medicine separating. The acteoside is named as 2-(3',4'-dihydroxyphenyl)ethyl-O-alpha-L-pyran rhamanopyranosyl(1->3)-beta-D-(4-O-coffee acyl) glucopyranoside, and the molecular weight of the acteoside is 624.59. The preparation method comprises the steps that the dry overground part of macfadyena unguis-cati is smashed and then added in an ethanol solution for leaching, and a leaching solution is concentrated and dried, then dispersed and suspended with a methanol solution and extracted with petroleum ether; the degreased and decolored methanol solution is concentrated, diluted with water and then processed through macroporous adsorption resin, elution and impurity removal are performed with a low-concentration ethanol solution, and then elution is performed with high-concentration ethyl alcohol; eluant containing the acteoside is collected, concentrated and then processed through reverse-phase silica gel column chromatography, and gradient elution is performed with a methanol-water system; elution fractions containing the acteoside are combined, concentrated and then processed through LH-20 gel, elution is performed with a methanol-acetone system, the elution components containing the acteoside are concentrated and dried, and then the acteoside is obtained.


The author reviews past and possible future developments in world population. Information is included on population size and growth regional distribution total fertility rate life expectancy at birth mortality differentials infant and child mortality age distribution urban population international migration and refugees. (SUMMARY IN ENG AND FRE) (ANNOTATION)


The introduction of new digital technologies in industrial work systems and increasing implementation of Cyber Physical Systems are evoking new and unknown challenges and opportunities related to aspects of human work and organisation. To ensure human wellbeing and overall system productivity, there is a need for interdisciplinary methods and approaches for dealing with the challenges and taking advantage of the opportunities. In this paper, we present a conceptual framework for designing Industry 4.0 enabled work systems, which serves to accommodate this need. The framework combines elements and principles of Design- and Lean thinking methodologies and Human Factors and Ergonomics, thus making it a practical, systematic, and iterative, human centred approach. We use examples from a retrospective industrial case study to illustrate elements of the framework and provide several implications for practitioners.


Dear Editors, Ravulizumab is a long-acting C5-complement monoclonal antibody developed through targeted modifications of eculizumab to significantly extend the half-life of the drug with comparable affinity and specificity to eculizumab (approx. 52 days vs. approx. 11 days) [1]. The efficacy and safety of ravulizumab in patients with aHUS treated with or without complement inhibitors has been adequately studied in adults [2] and pediatric patients [3] and recently led to the approval of the drug by the European Medicines Agency and the US Food and Drug Administration (Ultomiris® SmPC). During 26 weeks of treatment, ravulizumab provided rapid and effective complement inhibition with no unexpected safety issues. In renal transplant patients, there has been only a single report of ravulizumab use. Ravulizumab was successfully administered in the case of a living kidney donation in a patient with aHUS over the reported treatment period of 6 months [4]. Here we report the results of a young woman who was successfully switched from chronic aHUS treatment with eculizumab to ravulizumab after kidney transplantation. Back in 2013, we published on the long-term eculizumab treatment of a kidney transplant patient who had a relapse of her aHUS shortly after a living kidney donation [5]. The cause of the aHUS relapse was an MCP mutation and, as was determined in a later analysis, also a factor H mutation. Recurrent aHUS attributable to both complement factor mutations requires lifelong anti-C5 treatment due to high risk [6]. Our patient had been treated with eculizumab administered every 14 days for more than 10 years. As shown in Figure 1, the complete available laboratory data of creatinine, hemoglobin, and platelets show a very stable course of the patient. Remarkably, only one episode of fever occurred during the entire observation period, the cause of which remained unclear. However, the patient achieved restitutio ad integrum with short-term inpatient treatment with piperacillin/ tazobactam. Because eculizumab has been shown to be effective after renal transplantation for treatment of aHUS and because ravulizumab is a modified version of eculizumab, we expected comparable efficacy and safety of both products [7]. Immunosuppressive therapy consisted of tacrolimus (target through 4–6 ng/ml), low dose mycophenolate mofetil, and prednisolone. At the time of conversion, our 39-year-old patient (body weight 70 kg, BMI 19.6 kg/m) had a serum creatinine of 1.66 mg/dl (eGFR 39 ml/min/1.73 m (CKD-EPI formula)), hemoglobin concentration of 11.6 g/dl, and platelet count of 359 × 10/mm). After 22 months of therapy with ravulizumab 3,300 mg every 8 weeks following an induction therapy with additional administration of 3,300 mg 2 weeks after the first infusion according to the prescribing *Correspondence: Ulrich Jehn firstname.lastname@example.com


There are no unified modes about capital structure;formation of each capital structure has its reasonability.In this paper,the situation of coexistence of diversiform capital structure is called "diversity" of capital structure.And once the capital structure of enterprises is formed,it will maintain stable to some extent.On the other hand,capital structure of enterprises will vary a little with the changing of management and financing of enterprises.Keeping "flexible" of capital structure and reducing finance risks are the first concerns for financing.


The principle and the method used to develop portable dynamic balancing testing system based on virtual instrument technology are expatiated in this paper.The idea of the hardware structure and the software design of dynamic balancing virtual instrument measuring system were given,and the method of obtaining the amplitude and phase of dynamic unbalancing signal is analyzed by correlative filter.The experimental results show that it has perfect effect.


Eugenics and Social Security in France before and after the Vichy Regime Historiography of French eugenics has long been hindered by a mechanistic conception derived from history of ideas, which postulated that it was incompatible with pronatalism and catholicism, with republicanism and Lamarckism; and that it simply collapsed after World War II. The reference to the transnational model of «Latin eugenics» redirects the thinking around a more plastic definition of eugenics that stresses its connections with social hygiene, in order to better understand the conversions it has undergone after 1945 in connection with the circulation of scientific and administrative models. Beyond medicine and psychiatry, genetics and occupational medicine, are particularly concerned demography, biotypology, educational and occupational choice, the fight against alcoholism, and of course family planning. Eugenics has also paradoxically contributed to the psychologization of human relationships. Taking it seriously allows historians to return to the issue of norms underlying population, social and health policies over the past century.


To investigate the relationship between expression of Fas-FasL and apoptosis of peripheral blood CD8+CD28-and CD8+CD28+T lymphocytes in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus(SLE),the rates of Fas-FasL expression and apoptosis of CD8+CD28-and CD8+CD28+ T cells were measured by three antibodies labeling flow cytometry(FCM) analysis in 22 active cases,18 inactive cases of SLE and 20 controls.The results showed that:(1)Compared to controls and inactive SLE,apoptosis rates of CD8+ T cells was significantly higher in active SLE group(P0.05),and the expression of Fas in CD8+CD28-T cells and FasL in CD8+CD28+T cells were higher in active SLE group(P0.05).The expression rate of Fas of CD8+CD28+ T cells in SLE patients was featured by the fact that active SLE group inactive SLE groupcontrol group,and there was a significant difference in statistics in these 3 groups(P0.05).(2) The activity of SLE was positively correlated with the apoptosis rate of CD8+T cells,but there was no correlation with expression of Fas、FasL in CD8+CD28-and CD8+CD28+ T cells.(3) The expression of Fas、FasL were correlated with apoptosis,and expression of Fas was significant correlated with expression of FasL in CD8+CD28+ T cells.The expression of Fas was not significantly correlated with expression of FasL in CD8+CD28-Tcells.It is concluded that the apoptotic rate of the peripheral blood CD8+T cells is abnormally increased and the activity of SLE was positively correlated with the apoptotic rate of CD8+T cells.The difference of expression in Fas and FasL between active and inactive cases of SLE may induce the disability of immune tolerance.


This study is concerned with the description of the semantic and pragmatic characteristics of the attributive adjective self-proclaimed, employing corpus-linguistic methodology to explore its meani ...


Abstract This paper was originally written for the 2004 World Association of Infant Mental Health Congress in Melbourne. Four interacting voices offering a blend of perspectives about infant observation include experienced psychotherapists who had never had an opportunity to do an observation. This approach, not unlike a jam session of jazz musicians, offers insight into the creative process of the seminars. The paper extols the value, for experienced clinicians, of being involved in the observer role. It shares the excitement of experiencing intensely the development of the baby's mind and internal world and of the mother–baby relationship. The seminar was conducted by telephone with three observers in one city and the leader in another. The whole process contributed significantly to the participants' thinking, reflective capacity and clinical work.


The technology of wireless power and information synchronous transmission (WPIT) broadens the application scenario of the system. In this paper, the power transmission channel and information transmission channel of WPIT system are modeled and analyzed in detail. Frequency division multiplexing technology is adopted, and different frequency carriers are used for power and information transmission. The composite circuit of power and information transmission is introduced, and the function of each element of the circuit is explained in detail. Furthermore, the methods of signal modulation and demodulation are given. In order to realize the decoupling design of power and information transmission circuit, the crosstalk between power and information carrier is discussed. Then, the channel of power and information transmission are given respectively to analyze the power transmission performance and communication transmission gain. It provides guidance for the parameter design of information transmission circuit. Finally, an experimental prototype is built, with an output power of 200W and a data transmission rate of 200kbps.


The Malaysian hotel industry has experienced significant growth in the last 10 years and many hotels in Malaysia are now opulent, new hotels achieving the highest standards of presentation. However, service delivery often lags behind the physical environment, struggles to meet international standards and ergo the expectations ofinternational guests.
There are diverse views among service quality researchers as to how to improve service delivery standards. Consequently, this study seeks to develop an appropriate service delivery improvement model that provides a framework that can be used to attract, train, motivate and retain hotel employees. Within the literature many strategies have been presented that are designed to enhance both products and services in a variety of contexts. Among the better known ofthese are Total Quality Management
(TQM), Six Sigma (SS), SERVQUAL (SQ), the Relationship Marketing paradigm (RM), Internal Marketing (1M) and Internal Market Orientation (IMO). The general view among scholars, however, is that there is a link between employee satisfaction and job performance. This article examines
and analyses the most significant elements of various product and service improvement models, and presents a revised service delivery improvement model as afirst step in customising a modelfor the Malaysian hotel sector. The research concludes that a number of these elements are critical to service improvement, the authors note that the implementation of such a model will need to be further developed with assistance from industry stakeholders in Malaysia.


ObjectiveTo establish the quality standard of Macrothelypteris torresiana. MethodsThe plant was studied by the methods including microscopic identification,TLC,HPLC,and the contents of water,ashes,acid insoluble ashes were determined,respectively. ResultsThe limits of the content of water,ashes,acid insoluble ashes were 15.01%,8.31% and 3.90%.The minimum content of protoapigenone(C15H10O6) in the plant was not less than 0.71%.The content of total flavonoids was equal to or higher than 28.21%. ConclusionThe results can be used for the quality control of Macrothelypteris of Thelypteridaceae.The results indicated that the contents of total flavonoids and protoapigenone of different batches showed significant difference(0.01P≤0.05) probably due to the variable cultivation region.


As a kind of coleopteran insects, the unfolding and folding of ladybirds' hind wings shows the natural superiority, which provides a new way for the design of space deployable structures (such as satellite solar wings, bionic wings, antennas, etc.). The equivalent simulation study based on the crease model of the ladybug's hind wings by the origami found that the membrane part of the hind wings has local stress and deformation during the folding process, which increases the difficulty of the engineering design of the folding structures based on rigid panels. Based on the geometric constraint analysis of the crease model of the ladybug's hind wings, this paper proposes a calculation method that can realize rigid foldability, which will provide a reference for the engineering application research of the space folding structures.


Awide area measurement(WAMS) is developed to meet the requirement of synchronization in time and wide area in space.With the application of GPS(Global position system),the state measurement in the same time will be possible.Finally the study on WAMS is reviewed.The method of synchronized phasor measurement principle is discussed.WAMS is focused in power system applications.The future trends of it is discussed in the end..


The sheet metal forming processing based on hydro-forming processing and multipoint-forming has been developed.Punch is replaced by liquid,and die is formed by adjusting the multipoint fundamental elements.And the accuracy of sheet metal surface contour is improved with the die pad.It provides a new efficient method for the flexible forming of sheet metal.


Le plus-que-parfait - expression d'antériorité et/ ou d'accompli? Essai d'analyse contrastive The Reichenbach's category of anteriority proves insufficient when we are trying to explain the uses of plus-que-parfait in French. In fact, this form has two functions: on the one hand PQP introduces events (system of infectum), on the other, consequences of events (system of perfectum). However, it is not always easy to decide, when analyzing texts, which is the right interpretation. The solution is to examine: 1. the narrative distinction between "first plan" and "second plan" (H. Weinrich's conception); 2. the phenomena of "flash-back".


Traditionally, interaction techniques for virtual reality applications are implemented in a proprietary way on specific target platforms, e. g., requiring specific hardware, physics or rendering libraries, which withholds reusability and portability. Though hardware abstraction layers for numerous devices are provided by multiple virtual reality libraries, they are usually tightly bound to a particular rendering environment. In this paper we introduce Viargo - a generic virtual reality interaction library, which serves as additional software layer that is independent from the application and its linked libraries, i. e., a once developed interaction technique, such as walking with a head-mounted display or multi-touch interaction, can be ported to different hard- or software environments with minimal code adaptation. We describe the underlying concepts and present examples on how to integrate Viargo in different graphics engines, thus extending proprietary graphics libraries with a few lines of code to easy-to-use virtual reality engines.


High-precision HST photometry has recently revealed that the globular cluster (GC) NGC 2808 hosts a triple main sequence (MS) corresponding to three stellar populations with different helium abundances. We carried out photometry on ACS/WFC HST images of NGC 2808 with the main purpose of measuring the luminosity function (LF) of stars in the three different MSs, and the binary fraction in the cluster. We used isochrones to transform the observed LFs into mass functions (MFs). We estimated that the fraction of binary systems in NGC 2808 is f_bin ~0.05, and find that the three MSs have very similar LFs. The slopes of the corresponding MFs are alpha=-1.2+/-0.3 for the red MS, alpha =-0.9+/-0.3 for the middle MS, and alpha = -0.9+/-0.4 for the blue one, the same, to within the errors. There is marginal evidence of a MF flattening for masses M<~0.6 M_SUN for the the reddest (primordial) MS. These results represent the first direct measurement of the present day MF and LF in distinct stellar populations of a GC, and provide constraints on models of the formation and evolution of multiple generations of stars in these objects.


It is very usefull and helpfull in neurophysics research to apply electromagnetic theory and measures.In this paper discussi questions in neurophysics and of sone corresponding results which makes it clear that some biological concepts,such as axon, synapse,dendrites,have definite meanings.


The importance of the sense of proprioception (literally, the perception of position) was made most forcefully in the book by Jonathon Cole about a patient who, overnight, lost his sense of where his limbs were in relation to his body ([1][1]). The title of this fascinating book, Pride and a Daily


Platelet (P) Cyclo-oxygenase (CO) deficiency is characterized by bleeding tendency due to platelet release mechanism defect. Pareti et al. have reported a patient with PCO deficiency whose CO activity was defective not only in platelets but also in vessel walls. But it has not been demonstrated whether other cells than platelets do have this enzyme in other.patients with PCO deficiency. Recent data suggest taht hemorrhagic or thrombotic diathesis is dependent on the site(s) (platelet, vessel wall or others) or CO deficiency. In order to determine the CO activity in kidney in a patient with PCO deficiency (Scand. J. Haematol., 32; 167 – 174, 1984), We studied the urinary PGE2 excretion and renal function at basal state and before and after intravenous administration of angiotensin II (ANG II). Before ANG II infusion to the patient, 600 ml H20 was orally intaked, and then AGN II (5, 10, 18 ng/min. each dose for 10 min.) was infused intravenously. Urine samples were collected before (20 min.) AGN II infusion. Urinary PGE2 was measured by RIA. Urine osmorality was determined by Fiske osmometer. To measure basal daily excretion of urinary PGE2, daily total urine was collected into ice box for 2 days, and then stocked at −80°C until PGE2 measurement by RIA. A reduction of Uosm following the intravenous infusion of ANG II to normal humans has been reported by Usberti et al. (Am. J. Physiol. 248; 254-259, 1985), atK] aiso reported that Uosm increased after aspirin administration. It was concluded that CO activity in thd kidney of this patient was no al least defective, but endogenous PGE2 synthesis stumulated by ANG II ma be decreased.


Objective-To evaluate astructured, behavioural change, smoking cessation intervention designed for usewithin general practice. Design-Randomised controlled clinical trial. Setting-General practices in Newcastle, Australia. Patients-311 Patients identified assmokers bya screening question wereentrolled inthestudy. Of these, 101wereassigned toastructured behavioural change programme, 104toa simple advice programmeadapted fromprevious research, and106to a control group. No significant differences were foundbetween groups fordemographic andsmoking related variables before thestudy. Interventions-Patients inthesimple advice group received abrief statement ofadvice fromthegeneral practitioner aswell asthree pamphlets; those inthe structured intervention groupweregiven strategies whichincluded attitude andbehavioural change programmes aswell astechniques toaidcompliance. Theamountofsmoking inall groups wasassessed by selfreports withvalidation bymeasurement of salivary cotinine concentrations. Mainoutcomemeasure-Significant


The objective was an ethno-zootechnical characterization of the populations of fiber-bearing lamas from Puna in Jujuy Province, establishing the degree of archaism and determining the quality of the fiber produced. A survey included 173 flocks and 17 022 animals from nine areas of production (CP) and described morphological and productive aspects, including a fiber sample. The degree of archaism was determined by index of primarity (IPNA) for each flock. The IPNA was calculated based on the characteristics morphotype, hoof, pigment pattern, type of white spot, type of fleece and fiber color, and their respective variants. The following criteria were evaluated in the laboratory as fiber quality characteristics: fiber color (CM), fleece type (TM), fineness (FM) and average diameter (DM). The IPNA values for the CP studied fell between 4.84 and 8.07, reflecting different primarity situations and in particular a CP (Cieneguillas) with a process of standardization. Significant variations were observed for all fiber quality criteria by CP. The total weighted relative frequencies for CM showed 40.88% of depigmented animals, for TM similar proportions of the different types and for FM 82.53% of fiber less than 25 microns with a mean of 22.44 microns. It was concluded that there are areas with different ethno-zootechnical situations in terms of their status of archaism and flocks with a high potential for fiber production, with important variations according to the geographic areas.


of a dissertation at the University of Miami. Dissertation supervised by Professor Daniel J. Liebl. No. of pages in text. (126) Traumatic brain injury (TBI) continues to be a major health concern worldwide. One of the earliest and most profound deficits comes from vascular damage and breakdown of the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Despite the consequences of blood vessel destruction, little is known of the cellular responses that occur in vessel integrity following TBI. Bclass ephrins and Eph receptors are membrane bound proteins that initiate bidirectional signals during cell-cell interactions, and are indispensable for developmental and pathological neovascularization. The role of EphB3 and its ligand ephrinB3 was investigated in vascular integrity in a murine controlled cortical impact (CCI) injury model of TBI. We identified a novel pro-apoptotic role for EphB3 in cerebral vascular endothelial cells (cvECs) that lead to increased BBB permeability and immune cell infiltration after CCI injury. In addition, EphB3 also regulated the degree of cvECastrocytic end-feet membrane association in the gliovascular unit, as well as the expression of the endothelial intercellular junction proteins ZO-1 and VE-cadherin. In short, our findings demonstrate that blocking EphB3 receptor signaling in the cerebral vasculature increases cvEC survival and reduces BBB permeability representing a potentially important therapeutic strategy for vessel repair and/or stability following TBI.


Abstract This paper aims to examine the sustainability of smallholders' citrus supply chain characterized by low coordination and the need to reinforce producers' welfare, through optimization-based decision support method in the field where logistics specialization and global sustainability are required by agricultural producers. More specifically, a mixed-objective and multi-objective linear programming model is developed to achieve a sustainable balance: at the economic level, to reduce the logistics costs associated with the production chain as well as to reduce the environmental impacts in the form of carbon dioxide emissions generated during transport, while at the social level, integration through job creation into a three-echelons fruit supply chain including producers, intermediaries and retailers. The model is applied to four scenarios, whose analyses determine the importance of supply chain costs that cannot be neglected but which lead to an optimum that also reduces environmental burden and increases social welfare. In conclusion, the integration of opposing approaches represented by this model enables the improvement of the performance of the supply chain studied.


and lung tumors). Thyroid transcription factor 1 (TTF1) immunoreactivity was seen only in SCC (Fig. 1c, SCC on left). Based on clinical, histological, and immunohistochemical features, the diagnosis of SCC with a dimorphic phenotype (consisting of classical SCC and a WDC with tubulolobular features) was rendered. Primary mammary SCC is a rare neoplasm, and may be difficult to distinguish from metastatic nonmammary SCC in breast. Two features of mammary SCC may appear confusing. First, as in this case, SCC may lie in juxtaposition to another better-differentiated invasive mammary carcinoma (the latter component can be invasive lobular, ductal, or of another type); and secondly, one-half of mammary SCC express TTF1. During embryogenesis, TTF1 facilitates development of thyroid and lung; and TTF1 immunostaining is positive in majority of lung and thyroid tumors. However, extrapulmonary SCC, including ones primary in bladder, cervix, kidney, and prostate, can also be TTF1-positive. In summary, mammary SCC is a rare tumor and may show dimorphic phenotype. TTF1 immunoreactivity is not helpful in establishing origin: primary versus metastatic. Definite diagnosis of primary mammary SCC can be made if a nonmammary primary can be excluded or a definite in situ carcinoma is present.


The effects of bandgap narrowing on silicon solar cell performance are demonstrated by showing that experimental values for open-circuit voltage (Voc) and spectral quantum efficiency (QE) at 0.4 µm can both be calculated with accuracy only by including high-doping effects. Experimental performance data were collected from high-quality single crystal silicon solar cells of both p+-n-n+and n+-p-p+types. The cells exhibited maximum power conversion efficiencies of ∼18% (at 25 suns AMl). Reflection as a function of wavelength was measured on the cells so that an intrinsic value for QE was determined. In all cases the measured values of QE at 0.4 µm were above 0.75. Calculations consisted of solution to the current transport equations including effects of Auger plus deep trap recombination, Fermi statistics, bandgap narrowing, and the concentration and field dependence for the mobility. All parameters used in the caluclation were taken from the literature; consequently, the calculation is a first-principles type. The calculated results were within 5% of the measured parameters when the Lanyon-Tuft bandgap narrowing model was used. Experimental agreement for Voccan be achieved without the effects of bandgap narrowing by changing the minority carrier lifetime in the heavily doped regions. However, all attempts to use the same model for Vocand QE failed unless high-doping effects were included.


A funding organization and multiple grants to the second author (RMD) were incorrectly omitted from the Funding Statement. The Funding Statement should read:

"This study was supported by a USUHS Intramural Grant, and a USUHS predoctoral grant. The work was additionally funded by Defense Threat Reduction Agency grant H.1006_09_US_R and Defense Medical Research and Development Program grant D10_I_AR_J7_119 from the US Department of Defense to RMD. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript."


Multi-element permeation on cast steel ZG15 at lower temperature was carried out.The microstructure and hardness of alloying layer were investigated by SEM and HMV-1T micro hardometer.The influence of permeating temperature and time on thickness and micro-hardness of alloying layer was discussed.The results show that the permeated alloying layer formed on the cast steel surface consists of carbide,nitride.The hardness of the alloying layer is between 300-700HV,which depends on the process parameters.Temperature and holding time are main factors affecting the microstructure and hardness of the alloying layer.


Tandem mass spectrometry is a powerful tool for studying proteins and protein post-translational modifications. However, typically less than half of the proteins in a complex sample can be successfully identified. The low identification coverage is largely due to the presence of various protein modifications, which usually lead to incorrect protein identifications by existing methods. Therefore, how to effectively detect protein modifications simultaneously with protein identification is crucial for improving the identification coverage and accuracy. We have developed a new hybrid probability-based protein identification method to address this issue. Our method applies a new two-stage algorithmic framework that incorporates (i) spectra library searching and (ii) a more sophisticated scoring model. In the first stage, fast spectra library searching and simplified database searching are utilised to determine a reduced search space, which in the second stage is comprehensively explored to find the most likely protein and its modifications. Evaluated on large public datasets, our method is shown to identify more proteins and protein modifications than other popular protein identification engines.


Background Word cloud (WC) is the visual representation of a collection of text documents that uses various font sizes, colours, and spaces to arrange and depict significant words. WC generated from spontaneously articulated views by medical students as a single word summarisation (SWS) could assist in medical teaching. SWS could also assist pediatric teaching faculty to foster better student engagement. There is a paucity of published material in pediatric medical education using the WC analysis technologies. Methods A descriptive study was conducted in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) of University Maternity Hospital Limerick (UMHL) for five years from October 2012 to September 2017. One faculty member prospectively recorded the SWS of neonatology by medical students. Hospital audit committee approved study as a quality improvement project (QIP) in clinical teaching. Online WC generator under an open source license was used to compute the WC and an automated layout algorithm for positioning words without overlap was chosen. Results Total of 268 SWS were generated from 268 graduate entry medical students who had neonatal rotations over five years. Words reflecting 'abstract' concepts predominated (example -rewarding) (182/268) compared to 'concrete' concepts (example- incubator) (86/268) with p<0.005. Numerical predominance with maximum repeatability was noted for the following fifteen words: intensive, ventilation, nutrition, emotional, high-risk, sepsis, premature, outcomes, risk, mortality, rewarding, nursing, feeding, sensitive and careful. Feedback data showed SWS and WC generation as unique 152/268 (56.7%), stimulating 142/268 (52.9%) and creative 130/268 (48.5%). Interestingly 72/268 (26.8%) found it as a fun. A relatively small proportion found it not interesting 20/268 (7.4%), boring 8/268 (3%) and waste 4/268 (1.5%). Power point slides of WC aided students to reflect on the visual impact of their chosen words. Conclusion Visualization of medical student-generated SWS could stimulate reflection and clinical discussion. SWS could assist teaching faculty to foster better student engagement. This narrative teaching methodology with computer aided WC enhancement has the potential transferability to other clinical disciplines.


Objective: To evaluate the significance of antigliadin antibodies (AGA) levels for spinocerebellar ataxia type 2. Methods: We determined AGA levels in 64 patients with spinocerebellar ataxia type 2 and in 65 healthy matched controls. The clinical assessment was carried out using the International Cooperative Ataxia Rating Scale and CAG repeat number was assessed by PCR. Results: Antibodies were positive in 23.4% of the ataxia patients and 9.09% of the controls. Statistical comparison using χ2 test with Yates's correction reveals significant differences between these two groups (χ2 = 3.94; p = 0.047). The same was obtained for strongly positive AGA (χ2 = 4.62; p = 0.032). There were no significant differences between AGA positive and AGA negative patients in age at onset, disease duration, ataxia score or CAG repeat number, neither in the prevalence of gastrointestinal symptoms, prevalence of wheat intolerance or body weight. Conclusions: These results demonstrate an association between antigliadin antibodies serum levels and SCA2. However, more work has to be done to clarify the clinical consequences of such an association.


A method comprising: providing blood on paper or buccal smear on paper, wherein the paper contains a lysing reagent; placing the blood on paper or buccal smear on paper in a direct buffer to form a solution containing nucleic acid; and performing a PCR solution containing the nucleic acid, wherein the direct buffer comprises 0.2% - 0.9% polysorbate, 3% - 8% glycerol and 1000-3000 ug / ml BSA.


The Liminal Space There is so much talk of "endings" and "after this" and even of "returning" to some way that we used to be. None of those imagined times and places feel real to me. Only this time...


Wild relatives of bread wheat are potential sources of valuable genetic materials for wheat improvement. Genomic relationship and cross-ability between plant species can be deduced from chromosomal structure, size and behavior during meiotic division. In this study, the meiotic behavior of 21 wheat genotypes possessing the 3 ploidy levels of diploid, tetraploid and hexaploid and belonging to 3 wild, cultivated and synthetic growing statuses was investigated. The results indicated that the average number of ring bivalents at metaphase I ranged from 60 to 100% in the studied genotypes with the lowest rate belonging to the diploid wild relative wheat species. Four meiotic abnormalities including (1) precocious chromosome migration to the poles at metaphase I, (2) laggard chromosomes at anaphase I and telophase I, (3) chromosome stickiness and chromosome bridge at anaphase I and (4) formation of micronuclei at telophase I and in the tetrad cells were found in the studied genotypes. The highest meiotic abnormalities were found in synthetic wheat accessions. The average value of the meiotic index for the studied wheat genotypes was above 99%, revealing their normal meiotic behavior.


We show how access to sufficiently flexible trapping potentials could be exploited in the generation of three-dimensional atomic bright matter-wave solitons. Our proposal provides a route towards producing bright solitonic states with good fidelity, in contrast to, for example, a nonadiabatic sweeping of an applied magnetic field through a Feshbach resonance


Conventional dexterous hands have too many DOFs, their driver systems are too big to be installed in a humanoid robot arm, and their controls are tool complex. This paper develops an under-actuated passive adaptive grasp humanoid robot hand named TH-1 hand with control of grasping force. With humanoid appearance and size, TH-1 hand is light, fewer DOFs, and can be easily controlled. Its motors and driver circuit boards are embedded in itself. These features make it fit to be installed in a humanoid robot arm. In addition, for stably grasping operation, a mechanical finger with control of grasping force is designed and applied in TH-1 hand's index. To get more DOFs with fewer drivers, a novel under-actuated passive adaptive grasp mechanical finger is design and applied in TH-1 hand's thumb.


The standard theory of NMR relaxation in liquids (with molecular motion described as a classical Brownian motion, and including intermolecular spin–spin couplings) is re‐examined, taking great care not to drop significant contributions from the dipolar coupling between distant molecules. This results in ''modified Bloch–Redfield equations'' for the spins in a single molecule, valid at all spin temperatures, which contain both the usual relaxation terms and a coupling of each spin with a classical average dipolar field. Delicate issues raised in this derivation, like the neglect of quantum correlations between spins on different molecules at (repeated) initial times, are discussed with the help of exact calculations (for all spin temperatures) performed on a simplified model which includes equal couplings between all N spins of a system. The same model is used to compare the merits of different forms of ''high temperature'' approximation. We also propose an iterative scheme for solving the ''modified Bloch...


International Scientific and Practical Conference on Agrarian Economy in the Era of Globalization and Integration (AGEGI 2018) October 24-25, 2018, Moscow, Russia The International Scientific and Practical Conference on Agrarian Economy in the Era of Globalization and Integration was held on October 24-25, 2018 in Moscow, Russia. The conference was organized by the Federal Research Center of Agrarian Economy and Social Development of Rural Areas – All-Russian Research Institute of Agricultural Economics, All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of the Organization of Production, Labor and Management in Agriculture (VNIOPTUSKH), and the Russian Academy of Sciences. The Conference aimed to bring leading scholars, educators, and practitioners in the fields of agricultural economics, environmental studies, agricultural engineering, and sustainable development to share their research results, insights, and experiences and to discuss actual trends, challenges, and solutions. The focus of the Conference, its interdisciplinary approach, and international outreach allowed to create a truly engaging and intellectually challenging atmosphere. The conference was held in the Headquarters of the Russian Academy of Sciences in Moscow, Russia and brought over 300 speakers and participants representing various universities, research institutions, as well as the leading agricultural and industrial enterprises from Eastern Europe, the Commonwealth of Independent States, and a number of Central Asian nations. We were also very honored to have representatives of the emerging African countries. In particular, the conference was marked with participation of Mohamed Ali Kamil, the Emergency and Authorized Ambassador of the Republic of Dzhibuti in Russia, and Dr. Anisset G. Kochofa, Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary of the Republic of Benin to the Russian Federation and Former High Commissioner of the Eurasian Economic Cooperation Organization for International Cooperation. A great number of policy experts and policy makers took part in the conference and presented their challenging views on the state of agricultural economy in the Eurasian Economic Union and its development prospects in the era of globalization and integration. We are pleased to introduce the Conference Proceedings containing a selection of high-quality papers from contributed presentations in the conference. These papers present an integrated approach to agricultural systems, economic development, and the environment, which is highly necessary in order to respond to a number challenges in conditions of increasing globalization and integration. The intensification and diversification of agricultural systems is observed due to the rapid social development and economic growth in different parts of the world. Such tendencies cause increasing impact on natural resources and lead to unpredictable environmental consequences. Also, agricultural systems are under stress from climate change, environmental degradation, and population growth. The current institutions, policies, and agricultural technologies can hardly cope with such rapid changes. The featured papers present a wide variety of opinions and address these challenges in a comprehensive and innovative ways. Thus, the resulted collection of papers is of interest to a wide audience, including not only specialists and experts with a detailed knowledge of the topic, but also scholars, lecturers, and undergraduates of various fields of economics. Aleksei V. Bogoviz Doctor of Economics, Professor, Chief Researcher Federal Research Center of Agrarian Economy and Social Development of Rural Areas - All-Russian Research Institute of Agricultural Economics


ABSTRACT Morphometry, reproductive biology, diet, and epizoite infestation of Ovalipes stephensoni (Brachyura: Portunidae) are described. The results are based on observations of 347 specimens collected by demersal trawl on the continental shelf of the eastern United States from 13-198 m, between 28° and 37°N, and on 26 specimens from the National Museum of Natural History collections in Washington, D.C. All seven morphometric relationships observed (carapace length, body depth, propodal length, width and depth of crushing chela, and abdominal width) exhibited allometric growth to some extent. Sexual dimorphism was demonstrated for chelar propodal length and abdominal width. Prepubertal and pubertal molts were inferred from two changes in allometry of the male chelar propodal length and female abdominal width. Allometric maturity was correlated with gonad, pleopod, and gonopore development. Males reach full maturity at a carapace width of 61 mm; females complete maturation by the time they reach 51 mm in width. Ovalipes stephensoni is heterochelic and heterodontic with the crushing claw occurring on the right side in 91.6% of the specimens observed. There is little evidence that cheliped laterality changes with age (size). Although this species is an opportunistic carnivore, bivalve mollusks, cephalopods, and small crustaceans comprised the bulk of the diet. Relatively heavy infestations of lepadid barnacles, Octolasmis muelleri, were found in the branchial chamber. Lesions of the ciliated protozoan Synophrya hypertrophica were present in the gill lamellae.


In a previous study, we investigated the simultaneous removal of NO/sub x/ and SO/sub x/ using a plasma-chemical hybrid process and showed nearly 100% of NO/sub x/ and SO/sub x/ removal. In this study, we investigated simultaneous removal of NO/sub x/, SO/sub x/, and particulates using a single-stage wet-type plasma reactor. This reactor consists of a discharge wire and pyrex cylinder, wrapped by the copper mesh where Na/sub 2/SO/sub 3/ and NaOH solutions flow along the inner wall of the cylinder from the top to the bottom of the reactor. Particulates are charged by pulse corona and collected on the inner wall, and then removed by solutions flow. This method is effective for extremely low. and high-resistivity particles to cause reentrainment or back corona. The plasma was used to oxidize NO to NO/sub 2/, Na/sub 2/SO/sub 3/ solution to reduce NO/sub 2/ to N/sub 2/ and Na/sub 2/SO/sub 4/, and NaOH solution to neutralize nitric and sulfuric acids in the solutions. Without Na/sub 2/SO/sub 3/ and NaOH solutions, 95% of NO removal and no SO/sub 2/ conversion were achieved at 2.5 W. With water, 97% of NO and 64% of NO/sub x/ removal were achieved at 2.6 W, and more than 95% of SO/sub 2/ removal was achieved regardless of the discharge power. With Na/sub 2/SO/sub 3/ and NaOH solutions, 98% of NO and 75% of NO/sub x/ removal were achieved at 2.9 W, and more than 93% of SO/sub 2/ removal was achieved regardless of the discharge power. For the purpose of enhancement of surface reaction on NO/sub 2/ reduction with Na/sub 2/SO/sub 3/, Raschig rings were placed beneath the plasma section with the effective lengths of 5, 10, and 15 cm. As a result, no significant NO/sub x/ removal was obtained in comparison with no Raschig rings. Regarding the removal efficiency of diesel soots using the plasma-chemical hybrid reactor, more than 90% of particulate removal efficiency was obtained.


This paper assesses the abilities of courts currently to resolve property disputes in the Episcopal Church USA, arguing that current establishment clause jurisprudential limitations necessitate that churches seek internal resolution of these matters and rely less upon secular courts as a result. It makes various suggestions towards improving the current practices.


In this paper, the deficiency on present mechanism of water inrush from floor is analyzed and it is found that water inrush from fault not only relative with static loads, but also with dynamic loads, especially faults in deep are easily acted by low dynamic loads. Based on fracture mechanics, the fault activation model is built and the stress intensity factor is calculated in view of the deficiency on present mechanism of water inrush from floor. The influence on fault depth, fault length, fault span, fault thickness, underground water pressure is considered in the model for faults in deep. Whether the fault is active is judged by strain energy density factor. The strain energy density factor is relative with fault parameters. It is reverse with fault thickness, positively increases with fault depth and stope span. It also positively increases with dynamic loads and acting time.


A new energy generating device, triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG), was discovered in 2012 and thereafter, many applications such as portable power sources and self-powered, appropriate for portable electronic devices. So far, rapid development of device fabrication technologies and mechanical system designs significantly increased the instantaneous output power up to several tens of mW/cm2. This article provides a comprehensive review of effective dielectrics used so far in TENGs for further enhancement in output power, as well as the fundamental issues regarding the materials. Finally, we show some strategies for obtaining the properties that the materials should have as effective dielectrics.


In September 1990, the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Lane Council of Governments and the city of Eugene, conducted a reconnaissance study of water quality in Amazon Creek, Oregon. The purpose of the study was to identify the extent of trace-element and organic-compound contamination within the Basin. Water and bottomsediment samples were collected during a summer low-flow condition and analyzed for different classes of organic compounds, including many from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's priority pollutant list. Bottom-sediment samples also were analyzed for trace elements typically associated with urban runoff. Trace-element concentrations in the less-than-63-micrometer fraction of Amazon Creek bottom-sediment samples were compared with baseline concentrations (expected 95-percent confidence interval) for soils from the Western United States and with concentrations found in bottom sediment from the Willamette River Basin. Total-digestion concentrations of antimony, arsenic, cadmium, chromium, cobalt, copper, lead, manganese, mercury, nickel, silver, titanium, and zinc in bottom sediment from Amazon Creek were enriched at some or all sites sampled. Whole-water samples from some sites contained measurable concentrations of several chlorophenoxy-acid herbicides (2,4-D, 2,4,5-T, silvex, picloram, and dicamba), an organophosphorus insecticide (diazinon), and several semivolatile priority pollutants (pentachlorophenol, naphthalene, and pyrene). Classes of compounds not detected in whole-water samples include carbamate insecticides, triazine and other nitrogen-containing herbicides, and purgeable organic compounds. Bottom-sediment samples contained many organic compounds, including chlordane, DOT plus metabolites, dieldrin, endrin, heptachlor epoxide (a metabolite of heptachlor), and PCBs at some or all sites sampled. Twenty-four of 54 semivolatile compounds (including pentachlorophenol, naphthalene, and pyrene) designated as priority pollutants by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency were detected in bottom-sediment samples at some or all sites sampled. INTRODUCTION Amazon Creek flows in a predominantly west-northwesterly direction as it passes through the City of Eugene, Oregon (fig. 1). Land use along Amazon Creek falls into three distinct zones (City of Eugene, 1987). The upper part of the basin is characterized by singleand multifamily residences. The middle part of the basin is predominantly commercial with some older residential areas interspersed. The lower 123°15 r 123° 07'30" T


Crowdsourcing has been pursued as a way to leverage the power of the crowd for many different purposes in diverse sectors from collecting information, aggregating funds, and gathering employees to perform tasks of different sizes among other targets. Data integrity and nonrepudiation are of utmost importance in these systems and are currently not guaranteed. Blockchain technology has been proven to improve on these aspects. In this article, we investigate the benefits that the adoption of Blockchain technology can bring in crowdsourcing systems. To this end, we provide examples of real-life crowdsourcing use cases and explore the benefits of using Blockchain, mainly as a database.


Remitan Crafts are traditional children's toys made from clay in the form of miniature kitchen utensils that are handmade with human power as the main driving force for their manufacture. The double speed electric rotary machine is a product creation that created to support remitan handicraft businesses and the comfortable of making remitan, with rotations that human can manage it adjusted to the level of need. The methods and stages used in machine manufacturing are field observation and review, designing machine prototypes, identifying product specifications, manufacturing and testing of double speed electric rotary machine. As for the results of the study, it was found that the double speed electric rotary machine is a machine in the form of a circular rotary table used to make pottery or remitan using electric power with 1 Phase 0,5; Rpm 1400 electro motor. This machine uses an electric control which can directly adjust the rotation. Engine with two speeds, high speed and low speed. This double speed electric rotary machine is a simple machine which is easy to install in people's homes or educational institutions, tourist attractions, and so on because of its low electricity consumptions.


Objective:Summing up the reasons for neonatal red eye,to provide experience for the clinical treatment.Methods:Gonococcal Conjunctivitis in children were randomly divided into two groups,they were treated with penicillin and ceftriaxone independently,then to analyze the efficacy.Results:The ceftriaxone treated group is more efficient than penicillin treated group,the difference was statistically significant.Conclusions:Red eye caused by a variety of reasons still exist,and ceftriaxone can be used as an effective neonatal gonococcal conjunctivitis treatment.


The mean free path of proton primaries and the p-air inelastic cross section are studied at energies E0 = (2 4)1015 eV using the EAS-TOP array data. Proton initiated Extensive Air Showers, in such energy range and near maximum development, are selected from their N (E > 1GeV) and Ne sizes. The observed mean free path obs is compared with sim obs obtained from simulations, including the full detector response, based on different interaction models (HDPM, VENUS, DPMJET, QGSJET and SIBYLL) in the frame of CORSIKA code. The proton-air inelastic cross section is also inferred by using the factor k = sim obs= sim p air obtained from each interaction model.


Thomas Freeman had a long and distinguished career as both a psychoanalyst and a general psychiatrist. He wrote several books and over a hundred papers related to the study of psychoses. Those who wish to fully appreciate the breadth of his academic contributions are referred to the Obituary in The


: 91 geological sites of scientific, tourist and educational interest were inventoried, following a survey under the project "Development of geotourism products in the tourist destination Patagonia Verde". This project was developed between 2017 and 2019 to promote the values of geodiversity of the Patagonia Verde (southern Chile) territory and its sustainable use in tourism. A quantitative assessment of the sites supported the identification of management categories and the proposal of different action plans for the sustainable management of the identified geoheritage resources. Most sites can be used in education and geotourism initiatives and support the establishment and consolidation of the Patagonia Verde Geopark project.


Stroke is themost prevalent cause of long-term adult disabilitywith no effective treatment available to restore lost function. Our laboratory is studying the effect of blocking the neurite growth inhibitory molecule Nogo-A on functional recovery after ischemic brain damage.We have found that following unilateral ischemic stroke in adult rats, return of skilled forelimb function returns after treatment with the monoclonal antibody IN-1 which blocks Nogo-A. Anti-Nogo treatment also results in prominent axonal plasticity to subcortical areas that have been denervated by the stroke, i.e. the red nucleus and the spinal cord. This new fiber growth is thought to underlie the improvement in function, since lesions to remove the newpathways result in a return in forelimb deficits. In a more clinically relevant model, we now show that anti-Nogo therapy is effective even if given 1 week following stroke in 24-month-old rats, i.e. the aging nervous system is responsive to neurite growth promotion by Nogo-A blockade, and this treatment may be useful in a clinically relevant time frame.


Abstract Background The covid-19 pandemic has had a large impact on the daily lives of adolescents, even in Sweden where the restrictions were relatively mild. The aim of this study was to examine if there had been a change in mental health outcomes and if these changes were related to changes in physical activity patterns before and during the pandemic. Methods In this longitudinal study, data were collected in the autumn 2019 and in follow-up measurements in the spring 2021. Physical activity and sedentary time were measured for seven consecutive days by accelerometry (Actigraph). The mental health outcomes, health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and psychosomatic health were measured with questionnaires (KIDSCREEN-10 and PSP). ANCOVA analyses were applied to estimate the associations between change in physical activity patterns and mental health outcomes. Results In total, 585 boys (45%) and girls (55%), aged 13-14 years (baseline) from 34 schools around Stockholm, were included in the study. Between 2019-2021 there was a decrease in HRQoL (p > 0.001) and increase in psychosomatic problems (p > 0.001) among both boys and girls. There was a significant positive relationship between change in MVPA and change in HRQoL (β = 0.02, CI: 0.00, 0.05). Conclusions The results suggest that the COVID-19 pandemic has impaired the mental health of Swedish adolescents but increased physical activity was related to positive changes in the mental health outcome HRQoL. Funding: The Public Health Authority and Skandia


Disaster history is one of the most important contents of history research,the nature influences dynasties subrogation,the rise and fall of history in the range of space.Shenjing Times set up by Japanese had become one of indispensable history materials on researching disaster history of modern northeast China,because it had following characteristics:covering a wide range of news materials,fine timeliness of news report.The news material value of Shengjing Times in researching disaster history is analyzed.


Landfast sea ice (fast ice) attached to Antarctic (near-)coastal elements is a critical component of the local physical 8 and ecological systems. Through its direct coupling with the atmosphere and ocean, fast ice properties are also a potential 9 indicator of processes related to a changing climate. However, in-situ fast-ice observations in Antarctica are extremely sparse 10 because of logistical challenges and harsh environmental conditions. Since 2010, a monitoring program observing the seasonal 11 evolution of fast ice in Atka Bay has been conducted as part of the Antarctic Fast Ice Network (AFIN). The bay is located on 12 the north-eastern edge of Ekström Ice Shelf in the eastern Weddell Sea, close to the German wintering station Neumayer III. 13 A number of sampling sites have been regularly revisited each year between annual ice formation and breakup to obtain a 14 continuous record of sea-ice and sub-ice platelet-layer thickness, as well as snow depth and freeboard across the bay. 15 Here, we present the time series of these measurements over the last nine years. Combining them with observations from the 16 nearby Neumayer III meteorological observatory as well as auxiliary satellite images enables us to relate the seasonal and 17 interannual fast-ice cycle to the factors that influence their evolution. 18 On average, the annual consolidated fast-ice thickness at the end of the growth season is about two meters, with a loose platelet 19 layer of four meter thickness beneath, and 0.70 meter thick snow on top. Results highlight the predominately seasonal character 20 of the fast-ice regime in Atka Bay without a significant interannual trend in any of the observed variables over the nine-year 21 observation period. Also, no changes are evident when comparing with sporadic measurements in the 1980s and 90s. It is 22 shown that strong easterly winds in the area govern the year-round snow distribution and also trigger the breakup of fast ice 23 in the bay during summer months. 24 Due to the substantial snow accumulation on the fast ice, a characteristic feature is frequent negative freeboard, associated 25 flooding of the snow/ice interface, and a likely subsequent snow ice formation. The buoyant platelet layer beneath negates the 26 snow weight to some extent, but snow thermodynamics is identified as the main driver of the energy and mass budgets for the 27 fast-ice cover in Atka Bay. 28 The new knowledge of the seasonal and interannual variability of fast-ice properties from the present study helps to improve 29 our understanding of interactions between atmosphere, fast ice, ocean and ice shelves in one of the key regions of Antarctica, 30 and calls for intensified multi-disciplinary studies in this region. 31


This work is focused on photogeneration of free charge carriers in polymer materials with stress on one dimensional models. We discuss new model presented in the article [2]. This model is applied on experimental data of poly[1-trimethylsilylphenyl,2-phenyl]acetylene.


A novel technology for the clean production of Novolac was presented in this paper,in which a new catalyst was used,the molar ratio of formaldehyde to phenol(F/P) was changed and the technology was optimized.The optimum technology was that the reaction temperature was 85 ℃,the mass fraction of catalyst was 2.0%,the molar ratio of n(formaldehyde) to n(phenol) was 1.15:1,and the reaction time was 4 h,resulted in a concentration of the free phenol of 58 ppm in the wastewater.The chemical structures of SPN(a shortened form for the novolac produced by this novel process) and CPN(a shortened form for the novolac produced by conventional process) were characterized by means of ?13C NMR.The results showed that the contents of o-o,o-p and p-p structures in SPN were 19.42%,46.21% and 22.32%,respectively.Whereas those in CPN were 15.87%,56.01% and 22.68%,respectively.The properties of the epoxy resin DYD-127 with SPN and CPN as hardeners were studied.The results showed there was little difference in the heat resistance,flexible and impact strength of the cured resins.


Since World War II, Australian industry policy has shifted from providing extensive assistance, such as tariff protection to the manufacturing sector, to creating an environment for the efficient operation of markets. This paper surveys the evolution of the goals and instruments of industry policy in Australia and elsewhere. Copyright 1997 by The Economic Society of Australia.


Representatives of the New Jersey Department of Health's Asbestos Control Service conducted final clearance evaluations at 79 schools where asbestos removal took place during the Summer of 1987. The evaluations entailed a thorough visual inspection of each abatement area by an experienced inspector, the performance of aggressive air sampling, and sample analysis by transmission electron microscopy (Yamate-revised Method). Each abatement site was evaluated against an absolute air-clearance criterion of 0.01 fiber per cubic centimeter (f/cu cm). The results of the study support the premise that a thorough visual inspection strongly influences passing a transmission electron microscopy (TEM) clearance test. These data also demonstrate that post-abatement air concentrations that meet the clearance criterion (0.01 f/cu cm) can be achieved by a detailed cleaning, thorough visual inspection, and subsequent use of aggressive air-sampling techniques.


Wamberto Vas on elos Rolf S hwitter Diego Moll a Department of Information Te hnology, University of Zuri h, Winterthurerstr. 190 { CH 8057 Zuri h, Switzerland wvas on elos a m.org s hwitt ifi.unizh. h molla ifi.unizh. h Jo~ ao Caval antiy Division of Informati s, University of Edinburgh, 80 South Bridge, EH1 1HN Edinburgh, S otland, UK joao dai.ed.a .uk Abstra t We des ribe a modular and ustomisable ar hite ture for a WWW server run by Prolog programs and show how ea h of its omponents an be implemented. Our proposal employs standard Prolog-CGI te hnology but to improve eÆ ien y we also use lient-server modules to perform the a tual servi es of the WWW site. 1 Introdu tion The purpose of this do ument is to des ribe a modular and ustomisable ar hite ture for a WWW server whi h employs Prolog programs to handle requests from HTML forms. It is our intention to provide as mu h detail as ne essary for the appropriate adaptation and ustomisation of our ar hite ture to other similar ontexts. Our proposed ar hite ture onsists of the following omponents: an HTML form { a web page is o ered as an interfa e to remote users who want to pose requests to the WWW server. a Prolog-CGI interfa e { the request posed by users to the WWW site via the HTML form is handled by a CGI (Common Gateway Interfa e) appli ation. Our CGI appli ation is a simple Perl program that enables the requests to be pro essed by a Prolog program. a set of lient-server modules { in order to proess our requests, a Prolog program is initially run to parse and tokenise the a tual input and only then the requests an be handled. Sin e the proessing of requests an be quite omplex, we suggest splitting these two independent stages (parsing/tokenising and handling the request) into two programs. However, we noti e that the program whi h pro esses requests an be ome very large and that loading large programs an take onsiderable time and degrade the server performan e due to simultaneous exe utions triggered by di erent requests. We des ribe how we an use lient-server modules to ir umvent these problems. A graphi representation of our ar hite ture is shown in Figure 1 below. Besides the omponents of our ar hite ture and their relationships, the diagram also onveys On a Post-Do toral leave of absen e from Departamento de Estat sti a e Computa ~ ao, Universidade Estadual do Cear a, Cear a, Brazil, sponsored by the Brazilian Resear h Coun il CNPq, grant no. 201340/91-7. yOn leave of absen e from Departamento de Ciên ia da Computa ~ao, Universidade do Amazonas, Amazonas, Brazil, sponsored by the Brazilian Resear h Coun il CAPES, grant no. 1991/97-3. WWW Server Prolog-CGI Script 2


Using the extended task-technology fit (TTF) model, this paper investigates how certain factors (e.g. task characteristics, technology (i.e. intranet) characteristics, middle managers' demographic characteristics, task-technology fit, and perceived usefulness and usage) affect the port middle managers' job performance. Numerous organizations in the port industry constitute the population of interest. The preliminary results suggest that the majority of middle managers believe that intranet could improve their job performance. The results from the structural equation modelling (SEM) indicate that task characteristics and intranet characteristics significantly justify their variance on task-technology fit. However, demographic variables do not predict task-technology fit. Perceived usefulness is found to be a predictor of intranet usage. Task technology fit, on the other hand, significantly predicts usage and explains the variance on middle managers' job performance. This study is the first study to investigate the effects of intranet usage and managerial performances in an integrative perspective, taking into account various user acceptance models and users' demographic characteristics.


Acyl radicals generated by the addition of alkyl or vinyl radicals to carbon monoxide cyclized onto the C-N bonds of imines and oxazoline with perfect 6-endo selectivity, driven by a preference for attack at nitrogen.


Over the last decade, infrastructure relays have been employed by wireless standards, such as WiMAX and LTE, for coverage and performance enhancement. However, due to their Half-Duplex (HD) nature, these relays incur spectral losses and increase the end-to-end delay. In contrast, in-band Full-Duplex (FD) relays can effectively cope with these issues through simultaneous reception and forwarding, provided that the looped-back Self-Interference (SI) is sufficiently suppressed. Driven by the possible performance gain of FD relaying over traditional HD relay systems; in this work, we present the first implementation of IEEE 802.11a/g compliant FD relay system in GNU Radio framework. Given the Open Source nature of this real-time signal processing software, the implementation is completely transparent and can be studied in all details and modified if needed. For a holistic evaluation of our relay system, we implemented both Amplify and Forward (AF) and Decode and Forward (DF), the two widely adopted relaying strategies. We assess the performance of these relaying strategies both analytically and in simulation experiments. Our results demonstrate and underline the potential gains of full-duplex relays in-terms of spectral efficiency and end-to-end physical layer latency over traditional half-duplex relay systems.


With the advent of the era of automotive inventory, automotive enterprises urgently need digital transformation to open up new business areas. At present, the evaluation indicator system and quantitative judgment method based on the digital transformation maturity of the automotive industry have not yet been formed, and the digital transformation path of automotive enterprises is not yet clear. First, we established a three-level indicator system for maturity evaluation based on the characteristics of the automotive industry. Secondly, a comprehensive evaluation model was constructed by using multiple methods, including Kendall's W and EWM which determine subjective evaluation matrices, AHP and DEMATEL which determine indicator weight, Delphi and EWM which determine the indicator scores that take all experts' opinions into account. Finally, we applied the model to a joint venture automotive enterprise, analyzed its digital status and causes based on its overall digital transformation scores, indicator scores and correlation between indicators, and proposed corresponding suggestions for improvement. The evaluation system constructed in this paper is logically rigorous and industry-specific, providing a scientific and reasonable reference framework for the evaluation, diagnosis and path planning of the digital transformation of automotive enterprises.


In the economic analysis of law, the advantages of liability insurance have been extensively discussed. Liability insurance is considered as the optimal instrument to remedy the risk aversion of the injurer without increasing the size of the expected losses. Thanks to the control devices used by the insurer, it can be guaranteed that the injurer, although insured, will still have appropriate incentives for taking care. It has been argued also that these benefits of liability insurance only apply when there is sufficient competition on insurance markets. In spite of the latter warning, one notices increasing co-operation between insurance companies, especially as far as larger risks are concerned. Professional organizations, such as associations of insurers, provide either so-called market advices to the affiliated insurance companies or outright standard policy forms that can be used by the members. These forms of co-operation may obviously limit competition between insurance companies.


In the shadow of the magnificent peaks of the Helshoogte and in among the vineyards of Thelema, Eikenhof and Rus en Vrede, is Farm France, home to the Rivendell Warmblood Stud. The farm stands two stallions, is home to about 13 mares and also offers semen collection and shipping, artificial insemination facilities and a quarantine station for both outbound and incoming animals.


In this work, we propose two different sequential and adaptive hypothesis tests, motivated from classic Chernoff's test, for both decentralized and distributed setup of sensor networks. In the former setup, the sensors can communicate via central entity i.e. fusion center. On the other hand, in the latter setup, sensors are connected via communication link, and no central entity is present to facilitate the communication. We compare the performance of these tests with the optimal consistent sequential test in the sensor network. In decentralized setup, the proposed test achieves the same asymptotic optimality of the classic one, minimizing the expected cost required to reach a decision plus the expected cost of making a wrong decision, when the observation cost per unit time tends to zero. This test is also asymptotic optimal in the higher moments of decision time. The proposed test is parsimonious in terms of communications as the expected number of channel uses required by each sensor, in the regime of vanishing observation cost per unit time, to complete the test converges to four.In distributed setup, the proposed test is evaluated on the same performance measures as the test in decentralized setup. We also provide sufficient conditions for which the proposed test in distributed setup also achieves the same asymptotic optimality as the classic one. Like the proposed test in decentralized setup, under these sufficient conditions, the proposed test in distributed setup is also asymptotic optimal in the higher moments of time required to reach a decision in the sensor network. This test is parsimonious is terms of communications in comparison to the state of art schemes proposed in the literature for distributed hypothesis testing.


Many of the transport processes encountered in biological systems can be explained in terms of physical forces such as diffusion force, electrical field and solvent drag (that is the frictional force exerted upon the molecular species in question by bulk flow of solution through pores in the membrane). When these forces do not suffice to explain the transport there is every reason to believe that it is energized by chemical reactions occurring in the membrane phase, that is active transport. It appears from these considerations that in order to single out the processes which should be considered active one must be able to predict the behaviour of a molecular species which moves under the influence of the above-mentioned physical forces without associating with other moving species. In the absence of bulk flow the passive behaviour even in a composite membrane is described with good approximation by the flux equation (Ussing 1949):