Today, we live in a world in which materialistic schools work to prevail over cultural affairs and protest upon spirituality. In such an atmosphere, introducing Imam Ali (A.S.) as a model of asceticism, science, justice, anti-oppression, bravery, and Islamic kindness can bring hope and liberation for today's human beings. For this, it is essential to demonstrate the kind of attitudes and views of Islamic religions towards Imam Ali (A.S.) and introduce his virtues and characters from their words. Depicting the image of Imam Ali (A.S.) in Kutub al-Sittah of the Sunni hadith, which is a well-known Sunni hadith collection, enables us to reach our objectives. The authors of Kutub al-Sittah have confirmed the great moral and scientific characteristics and endeavors of Imam Ali (A.S.) and the interest of the Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) to him by narrating a part of virtues and characters of Molaye Mottaghian.About Imamah and Wilaya (Guardianship of the Islamic Jurist), there are few but succeeding narrations in Kutub al-Sittah, which can be a valuable way to prove his proficiency for the Wilaya and leadership of the ummah after Muhammad (PBUH). Though the authors of Kutub al-Sitta have worked to justify the process of the Caliphate after the death of Muhammad (PBUH) by narrations to deny his administratorship, especially from Aisha Bint Abi Baker, it is plausible to realize his preponderance in leading the religious and materialistic affairs of the people, after the Prophet (PBUH) by reviewing Kutub al-Sittah of the Sunni hadith and according to the narrations on virtues and characters of Imam Ali (A.S.).


The quantum chromo-dynamics (QCD) may not preclude the presence of the multi-quark hadrons such as tetraquark (qqq̄q̄), pentaquark (qqqqq̄), dibaryon (qqqqqq) and so on, because of the color confinement. Especially, we are let to be interested in exotic multi-quark hadrons, which should have exotic quantum numbers. Now, let us address ourself to the pentaquark state. Consider the SU(3) flavor case. Pentaquark states should form six different multiplets:


The spectrum of the sdO star HD 49798 was monitored for a week in 1995 December with the Helen Sawyer Hogg Telescope of the University of Toronto Southern Observatory. The resolution of the spectra is 1.7 Å pixel−1. A new spectral type of sdO5.5 has been determined. Some subtle changes may be attributable to the X‐ray pulsating companion, but no gross changes were observed on timescales of days, hours, or tens of minutes.


The article presents the analysis of working capital in the process of financial support of high-rise construction investment projects. The factors influencing the choice of the working capital management model were analyzed, the reasons of the change in the requirement for the values of current assets in the process of construction of high-rise facilities were determined. The author has developed the scheme of interrelation between production, operational and financial activity cycles of enterprises implementing investment projects of unique buildings and structures and made a comparative description of their financing sources.


IT IS the object of this report to call attention to an unusual metastasis of pancreatic carcinoma, simulating cellulitis, and to re-emphasize the importance of early, prompt biopsy. Case Report A 60-year old Navajo was referred to the Navajo Medical Center from the United States Indian Hospital, Shiprock, New Mexico, because of a hard cutaneous and subcutaneous swelling of the right side of the face and neck, and suprasternal area that was progressive and had begun with a small pimple of the right cheek 3 or 4 weeks previously. There had been progressive difficulty in swallowing as well as hoarseness. . . .


Johar leaf (Cassia siamea L.) is a medicinal plant containing alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins and tannins which have antibacterial activity. Ease of use and effectiveness of johar leaf extract as an antibacterial can be improved by formulating johar leaf extract in the form of a cream. The purpose of this study was to formulate a cream preparation from johar leaf extract which has antibacterial activity. Johar leaves were extracted by maceration method using 96% ethanol solvent. Johar leaf extract with a concentration of 15% was formulated into a cream preparation with three different formulas, where adeps lanae concentration was varied, namely 3%, 4% and 5%. Evaluation of the physical characteristics of the cream preparation includes organoleptic tests, homogeneity, pH, type of cream, and spreadability. Testing the antibacterial activity of cream preparations using the well diffusion method with a positive control of clindamycin. The results of variations in the concentration of adeps lanae in the formulation of johar leaf extract cream showed that the higher the concentration of adeps lanae used, the less spreadability of the cream. The results of the antibacterial activity test of the cream preparations showed that all cream formulas of johar leaf extract provided inhibition against Staphylococcus aureus bacteria. Cream preparations of johar leaf extract with a concentration of 15% produced an inhibition zone with an average diameter of 4.53 mm..


Geometric primitives are important features for aerial image interpretation, especially for understanding of manmade objects. With the increasing resolution of aerial image, growing size and complexity of image make it more difficult to efficiently extract dependable geometric features such as lines and corners. In this paper, we propose a novel linear feature extraction approach called 'trichotomy line extraction'. According to the knowledge of geometric properties of interested objects in aerial image, i.e. manmade objects, a rule is designed to remove line segments meaningless for boundaries of interested objects. Then line updating is carried out based on spatial and geometric relation between lines, to improve connectivity of boundary lines and also to extract corners on object boundary. Experiment results show that proposed line extraction method can perform efficiently with accurate linear features of objects in large aerial image and meaningless line segments removing process is effective to improve the geometric features' description of object and to reduce computing burden of following step


High-efficiency (5%-10% wall-plug efficiency) high-power continuous-wave (CW) visible lasers have been developed for large-format-display applications (e.g., planetariums, visualization centers, etc.). Using an approach pioneered by Evans & Sutherland (E&S), a fiber based master-oscillator-power-amplifier (MOPA) architecture is employed to generate high power near-infrared (NIR) tunable lasers that are then converted to visible wavelengths in external enhancement nonlinear ring cavities. Depending on the wavelength generated, either second-harmonic generation or sum-frequency mixing (or both) in lithium triborate (LBO) are utilized to convert 1064 nm and/or 1550 nm to visible wavelengths, with NIR-to-visible optical-conversion efficiencies of 65%-95% routinely obtained. The resulting visible lasers are single-axial-frequency (FWHM bandwidth < 200 kHz) spatially pure (m2 < 1.05) Gaussian beams, and are used as light sources in ultrahigh-resolution projectors manufactured by E&S. The current systems reliably produce 6 W of visible laser power at 448 nm, 532 nm, and 631 nm, with short-term CW operation yielding up to 18 W visible-laser output per color. Laser-induced damage (LID) on nonlinear-crystal facets is the primary limitation to long-term operation at visible powers > 6 W, and efforts are underway to increase crystal LID thresholds to allow reliable operation at greater power levels.


Recent scholarship in the history of science and technology has established that the British Industrial Revolution was unique and not the bridle path to modernization, as was once supposed. Even the United States, with its close cultural and economic ties, diverged significantly from the British pattern. This book shows how Americans accomplished their unique Industrial Revolution, and how they came to rival their British mentors in technology and industrial might by 1860, even surpassing them in some areas at the London Crystal Palace Exhibition in 1851. Engines of Change is a distinctive book. It was written in conjunction with the 'Engines of Change' exhibit, which opened at the National Museum of American History at the Smithsonian Institution in November of 1986. Perhaps because the writers are affiliated with a museum, not an academic institution, their work emphasizes the material culture aspects of American industrialization and includes numerous illustrations of technological artifacts, many from the Smithsonian's holdings. They provide essential insights into the way the technologies of the period functioned, how inventors, who, the authors claim, had the ability to 'see' in three dimensions, manipulated objects to create new machines, and how people responded to new technologies. As the authors point out, the illustrations 'in some ways . . . constitute the book's primary message.' Engines of Change is written largely for a popular audience, the type of people who visit the Smithsonian Institution. The presentation is straightforward, sentences are short and concepts and technical terms are clearly explained. Yet, it is not a superficial, nor timid treatment of the subjecti it is well researched and includes many fresh interpretations. The book contains sixteen chapters which can be divided into three unequal parts. The first part, consisting of five chapters, deals with the political, economic and cultural roots and context of the American Industrial Revolution. The authors show how Americans borrowed attitudes, institutions and technologies from the Old World; and yet, because of the peculiarities of the American situation—a high degree of economic and political freedom, an abundance of land and other natural resources, including vast forests that precluded the extensive adoption of coal-based technologies, and a low population density—they nevertheless developed a unique industrial economy. The second section consists of eight chapters and concentrates on the key American industries: railroads, textiles, gun and clockmaking and machine shops. The case study on American railroads and the John Bull, the world's oldest operable locomotive and the centrepiece of the 'Engines of Change' exhibit, is exemplary because it shows, in some detail, how British technology was modified to fit American needs. The chapter 'Textiles and the Styles of American Industrialization' will provoke and perhaps puzzle the reader because of the unusual application of the term 'style'. The final part of the work, composed of three chapters, deals with questions of interpretation. Americans were largely progressiveminded and welcomed industrialization, but a few rejected the notion that the 'invisible hand' would regulate social relations for the good of all and, instead, set up communitarian living experiments that invariably failed. The British, at first sceptical of American technology, recognized American genius for mechanical ingenuity and simplicity of design at the Crystal Palace Exhibition. In the final chapter, the American experience is compared to that of Japan and other countries. Engines of Change focuses on the technological aspects of the American Industrial Revolution. There is no treatment of the role of scientific knowledge or methodology, even as the precursor to the technical changes. This omission does not, however, seriously detract from the overall quality and significance of the work, which is considerable.


The electrical conductivity of Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (SOFC) anode is one of the most important indexes effect the efficiency of SOFC. In order to improve performance of fuel cell systems, it is necessary to have model which modeling the electrical conductivity. In this paper, a model using Support Vector Regression Machine (SVRM) was established to modeling the electrical conductivity of La0.75Sr0.25Cr0.5Mn0.5O3-δ-xCuO (LSCM-xCu) composite anode under two influence factors, including operating temperature (T) and Cu content (x) in LSCM-xCu composites anode. The test result by SVRM support that the generalization ability of SVRM model is with high accuracy. The mean absolute error (MAE) of 4 test samples is 0.32, mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) is 1.05%, multiple correlation coefficients (R 2) is 1.00, which is quite satisfied with the engineering demand. This investigation suggests that SVRM is a powerful tool to be used for optimal designing or controlling the technological process of fuel cell system.


Objective To observe and improve the effect of endoscopic sinus surgery(ESS) on nasal sinusitis.Methods One hudred and fifty cases of chronic nasal sinusitis were treated by ESS,and follow - up surveyed for 6 months postoperatively.Results It was found that 120 cases (80.0%) were cured,22 cases(14.7% ) got improved,but 8 cases (5.3%) were failed,and the effective rate was 94.7%.The main complications were intraoperative bleeding and postoperative adhesion of nasal cavity.Conclusions The curative effect of ESS in treating sinusitis is successful.It is effective to clear the ill tissue,treat middle turbinate correctly and clear the operating cavity after operation.It could readuce operative complication and ensure a good outcome for endoscopic surgery.

Key words:
Sinusitis;  Endoscopic sinus surgery


The primordial forms of human society were "Ajobi" and "Ajogbe" and the English equivalent of these two Yoruba conception of the social structure are consanguinity and co-residentship (Akiwowo, 1980). While consanguinity describes the collateral relationship based on blood, co-residentship explains the fact of sharing contiguous shelter whether or not the persons concerned are blood relations. The present writer argues with the aid of selected litigated boundary dispute cases that the ideal of consanguinity was threatened to the point of attenuation during the colonial days. In many of the cases, land disputes borders on unacceptable boundary shifting or its unilateral adjustments. An impact analysis of such disputes is here attempted with a view to bringing out the effects of attenuation on consanguinity. The paper adopts a historical method where historical facts are juxtaposed to elicit the correct position. Findings revealed that litigated land boundary disputes actually caused attenuated consanguinity during the colonial days in Yorubaland.


1 Ground-based Temperature and Humidity Profiling: Combining Active and 2 Passive Remote Sensors 3 4 5 David D. Turner1 and Ulrich Löhnert2 6 7 1 NOAA / OAR / Global Systems Laboratory 8 2 University of Cologne / Institute of Geophysics and Meteorology 9 10 11 Submitted 31 August 2020 12 13 Special Issue for the 11th International Symposium on Tropospheric Profiling in 14 Atmospheric Measurement Technology 15 16


In this paper, the 2D FE models for the structural analysis of a planar 3-Edge-axis connection and a key connection were set up. Considering the contact characteristics between parts, the load-standing capabilities of both connections were analyzed and compared.


To achieve the progammable filtering of the acoustic emission information received by the AE sensor limited in the three low-pass frequencies and three high-pass frequencies,based on the program-controlled switch-capacitor active filters MAX262,the design of a Chebyshev multi-frequency series band-pass filter meeting the design requirement,which was composed of a low-pass filter and a high pass one,was discussed in this paper.Using the single chip microcomputer to control two clock generator DS1099 chips'enabled output,it can detect all setting frequency in the signal processing module.With the filter's programming support software from MAXIM company,the parameters of various center frequency for the filter and the main program flow chart of software design can be available.This paper supplies a positive idea and method for multi-frequency filters.The testing results indicate that this fiter's performance is satisfied.


PURPOSE
To investigate the role of repairing tissue defects by infrahyoid myocutaneous flap after oral cancer surgery in elder patients.

METHODS
From December 2005 to November 2010, we used infrahyoid myocutaneous flaps to reconstruct soft tissue defects in 19 elder patients after radical operation of oral cancer. There were 11 males and 8 females with the age range of 65 to 89 years (average: 72.8) .The lesions included 10 tongue cancers, 2 buccal cancers, 6 mouth floor cancers and 1 gingival cancer.

RESULTS
All wound healed uneventfully, and all the 19 infrahyoid myocutaneous flaps survived without total or partial necrosis. The results were satisfactory both in appearance and functions. The patients were followed up for 6 months to 5 years, no tumour relapse and metastasis occurred.

CONCLUSIONS
The procedure of preparing the infrahyoid myocutaneous flap is simple and the result is reliable. The flap is useful for reconstruction of soft tissue defects in elder patients.


Nowadays, the structural environment is becoming so complicated that an index, which can better assess earthquake damage than the originally defined intensity scale and PGA, is needed. Housner [1] suggested that spectral intensity (SI) can be a risk index of an earthquake. After Housner some earthquake engineers keep on exploring different period range of SI and its application [2-5]. The study of Matsumura [4] shows that SI is a better measure of earthquake intensity for a wide range of frequencies with a good correlation with damage than peak ground acceleration (adequate to structures with shorter natural period) and peak ground velocity (adequate to structures with longer natural period). Recently, Jean [6] investigated earthquake intensity attenuation law and site effect of strong ground motion using earthquake records in Taiwan area. Their results show that SI is a better earthquake damage index than PGA. This study enhanced the SI concept proposed by Jean [6]. The spectral intensity was separated into three periods, short period (acceleration controlled period), medium period (velocity controlled period), and long period (displacement controlled period). The average spectral intensity of short period, medium period, and long period can be an earthquake damage index of low-rise buildings, buildings of medium height, and high-rise buildings. Since average value of a certain data is meaningful when the data has a small variance, the start and end points of the three periods are calculated by statistical method so that the data at each period has minimum variance. Finally, the relationship between disaster and spectral intensity of 1999 Taiwan Chi-Chi earthquake was investigated in this study.


The invention discloses an organosilicone composition for packaging of an electronic element and a preparation method thereof. The organosilicone composition is prepared from a component A and a component B. The component A is prepared from, by weight, 50-100 parts of polymethyl siloxane, 0.001-0.1 part of catalyst, 1-10 parts of tackifier, 2-30 parts of fortifier, 1-5 parts of thixotropic agent and 5-20 parts of fire retardant. The component B is prepared from, by weight, 10-50 parts of polysiloxane, 1-10 parts of cross-linking agent, 0.001-0.1 part of inhibitor and 20-100 parts of filler. During use, the component A and the component B are mixed according to the weight ratio of 10:1 to 1:10. The mixture can serve as an electronic packaging material and is used for encapsulation and embedment of the electronic element. The organosilicone composition has excellent flexibility and temperature impact resistance. The organosilicone composition further achieves high current impact resistance, a coating can massively absorb impact energy under high current impact, and explosive cracking and cracking are avoided. The organosilicone composition further has excellent moisture resistance.


In this talk, some of the preliminary work done in area of seamlessly integrating different blockchain based systems without the need of intermediates and compromising the distributed characteristic of the technology will be discussed. In addition, an overview will be given about a number of ongoing projects in different application areas.


One hundred and fifty nine parents and guardians from the May Pen West and Chapelton were interviewed between March and April 1994 to compare their knowledge, attitude and practice on immunization. The data were collected through the administration of questionnaires. Both parents and guardians had similar knowledge on immunization in both health districts. However, in the Chapelton District there were more highly educated respondents. Their attitude toward immunization as being very important to them. The practice of taking their immunization card to the clinic on each visit was given high priority because of the Governments legislation that children would not be admitted to school without being fully immunized. This study reaffirms the importance of health education on immunization to the public, not only in the health centres but to make the information available on the media and in literature (AU)


The method of Principal Component Analysis(PCA) can extract the main character from all kinds of factors that influence the precision of sausage suttle.A method for reducing dimension and a model for improve the technology of controlling sausage suttle are described.One way is to keep the sausages in the same weight,another way is to keep the same fat proportion of sausage.On the basis of what was said above,experiment is shown to prove the veracity of the scientific model.


In this paper it is established that a decomposition of a 3-uniform hypergraph K_v^{(3)} into a special kind of hypergraph K_4^{(3)}+e exists if and only if v\equiv 0,1,2 (mod 5) and v\geq 7.


There is now an increasing number of evidence supporting the idea that the cosmic Gamma-ray Bursts (GRBs) originate from the collapse of massive stars in distant star-forming galaxies. Because GRBs are likely detectable up to very high redshift, and because the gamma-rays are not attenuated by intervening columns of gas and dust, these phenomena thus offer a unique perspective to probe the star formation in the early Universe independently of the biases associated with dust extinction. We report on the R-K colors of the GRB host galaxies. We find that they are very blue sources, with colors comparable to those of the faint blue star-forming galaxies at high redshift.


Continuing professional development (CPD) is mandatory for registered Australian medical radiation practitioners (MRPs) to maintain competence in their respective scopes of practice. The aim of this study was to explore MRPs attitudes, opinions and satisfaction towards CPD activities offered by the Australian Society of Medical Imaging and Radiation Therapy (ASMIRT).


The high level goal of software verification is to prove mathematically that, given a computer program and its specification, the program is correct with respect to the specification. In general, the process of verifying a given program is not trivial and tedious to do by hand. In order to make software proofs practically usable, they have to be automated. Over the last 15 years, significant progress has been made in the field of software verification both theoretically and practically. One especially important achievement has been the development of so-called permission logics that facilitate reasoning about programs that access and modify the heap during their execution, separation logic being probably the best-known example among them. To be able to reason about the heap in a simple way is very significant in many contexts, e.g. in verifying algorithms using data structures such as lists. Though possible, specifying pointer-based algorithms remains very cumbersome without special support.


As a result of reductions in form drag and roughness drag, skin friction, drag, or viscous drag now represents a major contributor to the cruise drag of subsonic business and transport aircraft, and hence, is considered a barrier problem to further significant improvements in the aerodynamic efficiency of these aircraft. To meet the challenge, research in the areas of laminar-flow control and turbulence control/drag reduction was initiated at NASA Langley Research Center. The significance of this research is discussed.


This report examines data relating to all car crashes occurring in Australia in 1990 where at least one occupant fatality resulted from an impact to the side of the vehicle. In total 34% of all cars with occupant fatalities sustained a side impact, with equal numbers of such impacts occurring to the driver and passenger sides. While side impacts were found to be more likely to occur in urban areas and involve a collision between vehicles at an intersection, this situation is far from typical. For example, 40% of all fatal crashes occur in rural areas and 59% occur mid-block (ie away from intersection). In addition 40% of side impacts result from a collision with a fixed object such as a tree or pole rather than being hit by another vehicle. The vast majority of side impact fatalities result from a very small number of crash types with four patterns accounting for 83% of multiple vehicle crashes and another four patterns of crashes accounting for 94% of single vehicle side impact crashes. Although left and right impacts were equally common among vehicles with occupant fatalities, a much higher proportion of potentially lethal side impacts occur on the passenger side but generally do not result in death because the passenger side seats are often unoccupied. (a)


dbTRACE is used to store city road map information, user tracking information and provide tracked data for analysis. This platform is designed to address the prevalent issues of the TRACE initiative. The idea of TRACE was to reinforce the importance of a more active lifestyle to improve health and city environments. dbTRACE uses TitanDB, a graph database engine that uses Cassandra as a storage back-end and communicates with an ElasticSearch cluster as a geospatial index to distribute data across a cluster of machines in order to provide highly scalable storage and traversal performance. User trajectories are processed using Barefoot, a Map-matching solution that matches points to a road network obtained from OpenStreetMap. Barefoot can be scaled out using the Spark framework for distributed processing. The trajectories are then inserted into TitanDB which can then be quickly traversed and queried for statistical analysis and reward validation.


The modified meerschaum was first used to recover gallium from acid solution and the experimental results were satisfied.The effects of systematic acidity,amount of meerschaum and reaction times on the rate of recovery were investigated.And the desorption of gallium and the recovery of meerschaum were also studied.The experimental results show that the recovery of gallium can reach over 95%,however,other ion(e.g.Cd~(2+)、Zn~(2+)、Pb~(2+) and Cu~(2+)) less than 10% under the condition of pH value 3.0,the amount of meerschaum 3.0g,the reaction time 30min.The gallium can be desorbed from meerschaum by 2.0 mol/L HCl and the rate of desorption was over 99%.The meerschaum desorbed can be recycled to recover gallium.


The utility model relates to a driving wheel balancing carriage structure for an electric vehicle. The utility model separates a weight bearing carriage of an operator from a power wheel carriage and uses an auxiliary wheel frame to be pivoted with the weight bearing carriage. A pivot shaft of the auxiliary wheel frame and the weight bearing carriage is parallel to the direction of a wheel shaft, the auxiliary wheel frame and the power wheel carriage are pivoted, a pivot shaft of the auxiliary wheel frame and the power wheel carriage is perpendicular to the direction of the wheel shaft, and a buffer module is installed between the weight bearing carriage and the power wheel carriage. Thus, the utility model can use the auxiliary wheel frame for matching the weight bearing carriage to carry out deflection following the center of gravity and prevent the operation of the power wheel carriage from the influences of shifting of the centre of gravity of the operator, crossing path steps and turning at high speed. Thus, the power wheel carriage presses power wheels on the ground, which effectively prevents accidents that the power wheels fail and the vehicle turns backward. Therefore, the utility model is a driving wheel balancing carriage structure for an electric vehicle, which can increase the stability in crossing path steps and turning.


Andre Galih Pri Hartarto, 2018, NIT : 50134987.T, "Identifikasi Penyebab Terjadinya Over Flow pada MDO Purifier di MV. Tanto Bersatu", skripsi Program Studi Teknika, Program Diploma IV, Politeknik Ilmu Pelayaran Semarang, Pembimbing I : Achmad Wahyudiono, M.Mar.E. dan Pembimbing II : Capt. Suherman, M.Mar.
The purpose of this study is to discuss the causes of over flow in MDO purifier, Purifier on the ship is one of the auxiliary machines that have a very important role to separate the fuel from water and sludge. The usefulness of this clean fuel is to support the operation of the generator engine to produce perfect combustion, so that damage to the engine due to the use of unclean fuel can be reduced. The method that will be used for this research is Fishbone Analysis method or Fish Bone Diagram is one of method in improving quality. Also often this diagram is called a cause-effect diagram or cause-effect where this diagram uses verbal data (non-numerical) or qualitative data. Fault Tree Analysis is a technique used to identify risks that contribute to failure. This method is done with a top down approach, which begins with the assumption of failure or loss of the event of the peak (Top Event) and then detailing the causes of a Top Event to a root failure (root cause). The results obtained from this study indicate that the cause of over flow is the occurrence of dirty bowl, deadlock on the nozzle and wear on the Main Seal Ring can adversely affect the work of the Purifier. This is characterized by a nonnormal purification process in the MDO Purifier which results in clean fuel not coming out through the fuel outlet, which is often called over flow. To overcome the above problems do the cleaning and maintenance periodically / periodically against the bowl and nozzle is really maintained especially the cleanliness of the mud on the bowl and crust that can lead to deadlock on the nozzle, if there is a deadlock then immediately cleaned and treated, and replace the Main Seal Ring with a new one before its working hours. .
Keywords : over flow, purifier, nozzle, bowl, main seal ring


The question of inequality of opportunity has been at the core of sociological study for a long time. The basis is a classical liberal goal that one's chances in life should not depend on circumstances at birth, be it socio-economic background, cultural origin, sex, or ethnicity. The paper by Bjorklund, Lindahl, and Sund (henceforth, BLS) follows in that tradition, and I think it is very good that also economists engage in this field. BLS ask whether childhood circumstances in general— measured by sibling correlations—and parental earnings in particular have become more important for children's educational attainment during the 1990s in Sweden, indicated by grade point averages (GPA). Although they are careful not to make unwarranted causal inferences, they study the change with explicit reference to changes in the Swedish educational system: is it possible that budget cuts, decentralisation and increased private schooling have increased educational inequality? In a study of long-term trends in educational inequality, reported as part of a Governmental commission, Robert Erikson and I expressed similar concerns for the (then) ongoing changes in the educational system (Erikson and Jonsson, 1993, Ch. 11), so I find the study by BLS a timely undertaking.


New immunosuppressive drugs are under development for the treatment of neurologic diseases like multiple sclerosis ( M S ) t h a t may be a result of autoimmunity. Some of these new drugs, now in clinical trials, are the early fruits of the developing industry in biotechnology. These new therapeutics include monoclonal antibodies t h a t have been genetically engineered to increase their efficacy and to reduce their toxicity. Even if these new drugs a r e effective i n ha l t ing t h e pathologic immune response within the CNS, is there any prospect of repairing the damage of an overactive immune response? Recent evidence from the laboratory of Moses Rodriguez in this issue of Neurology' indicates t h a t immunosuppression can actually promote CNS remyelination in an animal model of demyelin a t i n g disease t r iggered by a n RNA vi rus . Moreover, viral persistence within the nervous system can be tolerated. In fact, neuronal and glial cells within the CNS may have evolved elaborate mechanisms to evade immune surveil lance of viruses with tropism for the CNS. The new therapeutics may help to restore the isolation of the CNS from immune attack and to allow repair. In order to understand what Rodriguez and Lindsley have demonstrated, i t i s necessary to briefly explain a few aspects of immunology. T lymphocytes, originally derived from the thymus, are involved in destruction of myelin. T lymphocytes recognize antigen, including fragments of one's own myelin, by means of a complex molecular interaction, which involves the T cell receptor (TCR) for antigen, major histocompatibility complex (MHC ) proteins, and a coreceptor. A heterodimeric receptor (TCR) on killer T lymphocytes recognizes a fragment of myelin bound in a cleft of the MHC protein. Binding of a coreceptor, termed "CD8," to the MHC protein is also required for this interaction to effectively trigger the T cell to release its cytotoxins. Likewise, for helper T cells involved in tissue destruction, the TCR recognizes a fragment of myelin bound in a cleft of the MHC protein, only in the case of helper T cells a coreceptor, termed "CD4," must bind the MHC molecule. CD4 T cells (helper T cells) bind peptide fragments of myelin in the cleft of class I1 MHC antigens (encoded by HLA-D molecules), while CD8 T cells (killer T cells) bind peptide fragments of myelin on MHC class I molecules (encoded by HLA-A and HLA-B). Evidence for the role of T cells in MS is indirect but includes the following: T cells and aberrantly expressed MHC molecules are found a t the site of lesions in MS.2Products of T cells called "lymphokines" (such as tumor necrosis factor, TNF) are demonstrable by immunohistochemistry at the site of MS plaques3 TNF is destructive to myelin cultures in ~ i t r o . ~ TNF levels are elevated in spinal fluid during exacerbations of M S 5 In the two animal models most closely resembling MS, namely experimental allergic encephalomyelit is a n d Theiler's virus-induced encephalomyelitis, many aspects of the pathophysiology of demyelination, inferred in studies on MS, can be analyzed directly. We know that cloned T cells that recognize myelin fragments, when given to normal recipient mice, can direct ly t r igger demyelination.6 These pathogenic T-cell clones produce high levels of TNF-alpha. It has been demonstrated that antibodies directed to CD4, to CD8, to the TCR, t o the MHC molecules, or to lymphokines like TNF can reverse paralytic disease in these model^.^ In Theiler's disease, an RNA virus induces paralysis and demyelination in susceptible strains of mice. Rodriguez and Lindsley have shown that it is not only possible to suppress the immune systems of these mice and reverse clinical symptoms, but also that it is possible to enhance remyelination within the CNS. Thus, treatment with cyclophosphamide or anti-CD4 or anti-CD8 antibodies promoted remyelination of CNS axons in the spinal cords of mice infected chronically with Theiler's virus. CNS remyelination occurred despite evidence for viral persistence within the CNS. It is likely that lymphokines like TNF and gammainterferon produced by T lymphocytes within the demyelinated lesion impair the remyelination process. The mechanisms whereby TNF and other factors impair remyelination is unknown. It is clear that ablation of T cells from the lesion site with monoclonal antibodies and other cytotoxic drugs may remove their ability to produce these harmful products.


Currently, image-based 3-dimentional (3D) planning brachytherapy allows for a better assessment of gross tumor volume (GTV) and the definition and delineation of target volume in cervix cancer. In this study, we investigated the feasibility of our novel computed tomography (CT)-guided free-hand high-dose-rate interstitial brachytherapy (HDRISBT) technique for cervical cancer by evaluating the dosimetry and preliminary clinical outcome of this approach. Dose-volume histogram (DVH) parameters were analyzed according to the Gynecological GEC-ESTRO Working Group recommendations for image-based 3D treatment in cervical cancer. Twenty cervical cancer patients who underwent CT-guided free-hand HDRISBT between March 2009 and June 2010 were studied. With a median of 5 (range, 4–7) implanted needles for each patient, the median dose of brachytherapy alone delivered to 90% of the target volume (D90) was 45 (range, 33–54) Gyα/β10 for high-risk clinical target volume (HR-CTV) and 30 (range, 20–36) Gyα/β10 for intermediate-risk clinical target volume (IR-CTV). The percentage of the CTV covered by the prescribed dose (V100) of HR-CTV with brachytherapy alone was 81.9%–99.2% (median, 96.7%). With an additional dose of external beam radiotherapy (EBRT), the median D90 was 94 (range, 83–104) Gyα/β10 for HR-CTV and 77 (range, 70–87) Gyα/β10 for IR-CTV; the median dose delivered to 100% of the target volume (D100) was 75 (range, 66–84) Gyα/β10 for HR-CTV and 65 (range, 57–73) Gyα/β10 for IR-CTV. The minimum dose to the most irradiated 2 cc volume (D2cc) was 73–96 (median, 83) Gyα/β3 for the bladder, 64–98 (median, 73) Gyα/β3 for the rectum, and 52–69 (median, 61) Gyα/β3 for the sigmoid colon. After a median follow-up of 15 months (range, 3–24 months), two patients experienced local failure, and 1 showed internal iliac nodal metastasis. Despite the relatively small number of needles used, CT-guided HDRISBT for cervical cancer showed favorable DVH parameters and clinical outcome.


The large global production of fly ash and rapid advances in geopolymer technology and knowledge mean that a viable alternative to ordinary portland cement concrete is now available, in the form of alkaline-activated class F fly ash geopolymer concrete. The aim of this research is to examine a potential mix design process for this emerging product. A process that can be worked through in a calculated way in order to find the full range of mix proportions to meet a particular targeted product has not been investigated or submitted to date. This research seeks to bridge this gap, which is currently preventing the more widespread use of geopolymer concrete (GPC). This work is a largely experimental investigation into mixture proportion and strength relationships, attempting to detail a large amount of data which will be utilised at the core of the process to be investigated. The purpose of this experimental investigation is to study the flexural behaviour of fly-ash based geo-polymer ferro-cement elements. Ferro-cement composite is a rich Geo-polymer mortar mix of 1:1. The effectiveness of the Square woven, Square welded and Expanded metal mesh were compared with different layers such as single layer, double layer and triple layer. Results showed that slabs with square welded mesh triple layer were most suitable and cracked at highest load.


ABSTRACT Crangonyx stinei sp. n. is described from Peacock Springs Cave, in Wes Skiles Peacock Springs State Park, Suwannee County, Florida. Crangonyx stinei sp. n. was collected from the cave benthos via SCUBA cave diving techniques. Molecular analyses of the nuclear 18S and 28S rDNA and mitochondrial 16S rDNA reveal significant phylogenetic differences between C. stinei sp. n. and closely related Crangonyx spp. Crangonyx stinei sp. n. is the sixth member of the floridanus species complex in the State of Florida, but only the second to be described from a hypogean habitat. To determine the biogeographic range of C. stinei sp. n., additional collecting in both epigean and hypogean systems is needed. http://www.zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:39692E06-EBAA-492B-91FD-20EBB5D5C242


The invention discloses a fret saw cutting device which comprises a fret saw frame and a locating clamp. Fret saws are arranged on the fret saw frame side by side, the fret saw frame can be driven by a fret saw frame driving mechanism to drive the fret saws to reciprocate linearly, and the locating clamp is driven by a clamp driving mechanism to move on the horizontal plane. The fret saw cutting device can be used for cutting multi-dimensional products in large scale, and the producing efficiency is greatly improved. When being arranged in the oxygen controlling equipment, the fret saw cutting device can be applied to near-net processing of green compact of special materials especially rare-earth permanent magnetic materials and can prevent the materials from being oxidized in processing.


A fuel cell includes a hydrogen permeable membrane, an electrolyte layer, a cathode and a hydrogen non-permeable layer. The electrolyte layer is formed on the hydrogen permeable membrane and has proton conductivity. The cathode is provided on the electrolyte layer. The hydrogen non-permeable layer covers a sidewall of the hydrogen permeable membrane. A manufacturing method of a fuel cell includesforming an electrolyte layer having proton conductivity on a hydrogen permeable membrane, forming a hydrogen non-permeable membrane on a sidewall of the hydrogen permeable membrane with an electrolytic plating treatment after forming the electrolyte layer, and forming a cathode on the electrolyte layer.


The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of nitrogen and inoculation with Herbaspirullum seropedicae on maize (Zea mays) yield and nutrient contents in grains. The BRS 1030 and BRS 1060 simple hybrids received inoculation with the BR 11417 strain in the presence or absence of nitrogen-fertilizer levels in a Typic Hapladult, during the periods of off-season (sowing in May 2012) and season (sowing in October 2012). In each season, the following treatments were evaluated: absolute control, without nitrogen fertilization or inoculation; inoculated control; doses of 50 and 100 kg ha-1 N, without inoculation; and dose of 50 kg ha-1 N plus inoculation. BRS 1030 produced 1,157 kg ha-1 more grains than BRS 1060, in the joint analysis of both crop seasons. For the first genotype, the dose of 50 kg ha-1 N with inoculation increased crop productivity by 2% in the off-season and by 4.5% in the season. The inoculation with H. seropedicae, BR 11417 strain, favors P accumulation in grains, but it has positive effect on yield only in combination with mineral N levels, which indicates that its effect is more important for maize growth promotion than for biological N fixation.


Goal - The article aim is solving the problem of using table processor Microsoft Excel for building a model of developing a plan for grain transportation using motor transport with minimum expenditures. Grain is transported from concrete grain storage to concrete users. The cost of transportation of 1 ton of grain between suppliers and consumers is set. The Problem is almost all examples of building such models and solving such tasks have an abstract approach, which doesn't deal with any branch of science, manufacturing or education. Methodology of solving such a problem is in using methods of linear programming, which take into consideration two common basic features. The first feature is a presence of restrictions. The second feature – each model of linear programming has a single index, which must be minimized or maximized. Singularity is in one of the Excel's possibilities for solving problems of linear programming - Finding a solution. Practical value is in possibility of very simply and fast building linear models and to get the results of solving transportation problems with making appropriate decisions.


Methods and systems are provided that can navigate the directory. Using the sensing device, the method comprising the transfer of the steps of printing a document that contains a list of directory entries corresponding to at least one node of an index of the directory, at least one user interactive element is a required data in a computer system the elements and interaction with by the print method comprising: enabling the user is allowed to display a request to the further directory information, and a step of printing a further directory information in the document. Directory information, directory navigation, directory entry


In this work, carbon nanotubes were prepared using catalysts consisting of nickel particles supported on the naturally occurring minerals diatomite and shungite. The carbon source for the chemical catalytic vapour deposition (CCVD) synthesis was a propane-butane gas mixture. The synthesized multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) were characterized using Raman spectroscopy, transmission and scanning electron microscopy, and the effect of temperature on their structure was investigated. The carbon content was determined by thermogravimetric analysis. In Raman spectra of CNTs the intensity ratio I(G)/I(D) for 650 °C is higher than that for 700 °C and then it begins to increase with increasing temperature. The results show that the diameter of CNTs which were synthesized on the surface of diatomite/shungite samples were in the range of 33–100.3 nm. The development of new methods for creating catalytic systems that allow controlling the structure of carbon particles is an important task leading to the improvement of existing approaches to the synthesis of CNTs with certain functional properties.


Verbal interaction is organized into sequences of utterances which are understood according to their sequential context. One of them is the opening sequences which are the initiation chunks of speech in order to start a conversation. Much work has been done on the opening sequences in other languages, whereas these sequences have not received attention by researchers in Kurdish. The study is the first attempt to identify the structure of the opening sequences in one variety of Kurdish, namely, Behdini. Besides, it will show the forms of each sequence identified in the structure and how the structures and sequences vary according to gender. The study is based on the analysis of the opening sequences of 77 radio phone call-in conversations. The data has been analysed qualitatively and quantitatively using the conversation analysis approach. Two structures of opening sequences in Kurdish are identified depending on whether the call is known or unknown. For the caller-unknown conversations, the structure is summons answer, greeting, how are you sequence, identification, and greetings sending/ compliments/ guest welcoming sequence.  In the caller-known, identification sequence is not realized. The study identified the common forms of each sequence realized in the structure of the opening sequences. Some gender variations are realized in the structure of the opening sequences, their sequences and forms.
The study is important because it will help identify language-specific conventions of opening sequences and to which extent they vary according to social factors. Besides, it will enrich the typological studies of opening sequences by adding another language-specific convention of opening sequences to the ones already investigated and to pave the way to formulate general or even universal principles of organisation of talk in interaction.


Abstract : Efficient repair of oxidative damage in mtDNA is essential for survival of the cells undergoing oxidative stress, and may play a role in cancer cells resistance to a radiation therapy. Decreasing mtDNA repair capacity in cancer cells can make them more vulnerable to cancer therapy. Our previous results demonstrated that stable expression of E.coli Exonuclease III in mitochondria of breast cancer cells diminishes mtDNA repair capacity following oxidative stress, which leads to a decrease in long-term cell survival. Because of the temporary nature of cancer therapy, only transient introduction of proteins into cells is required. In this study we utilize the novel method for direct delivery of purified proteins into cells via protein transduction, combined, for the first time, with targeting of the transduced proteins to mitochondria. Recombinant EGFP and Exonuclease III bearing the mitochondrial targeting signal from human Manganese Superoxide Dismutase and protein transduction domain from HIV-1 Tat protein were expressed in E.coli and purified. Our results show the high efficiency of the transduction as well as mitochondrial localization of the transduced proteins. Current studies are under way to assess the effect of the protein transduction on Exonuclease III activity in the mitochondria and its consequences for mtDNA repair and cell survival.


This paper presents an approach to dynamically extract individual user models by engaging users in diagnostic interactions. A framework for maintaining diagnostic dialogues based on approaches known as dialogue games is outlined and illustrated in STyLE-OLM an interactive student modelling system. The framework is validated in an evaluative study of STyLE-OLM. Potential improvements are sketched out.


1,3-propanediol oxidoreductase (PDOR) and formate dehydrogenase (fdh) were co-overexpressed in the wild type Klebsiella pneumoniae to enhance the NADH production and decrease the 3-HPA accumulation which may cause an irreversible cessation of the 1,3-propanediol fermentation process.dhaT gene encoded PDOR from K.pneumoniae and fdh gene encoded fdh from Candida boidinii were both amplified and then overexpressed in K.pneumoniae.For the constructed strain,the activity of PDOR,fdh,and NADH were 2.8,3.5,and 1.3 fold higher than the wild type strain,respectively.In the batch fermentation with initial 50 g/L glycerol,3-HPA concentration decreased by 50.1%,which effectively avoided the irreversible cessation of the fermentation process with strain K.p/pTF.


Linum usitatissimum commonly known as Alsi is a medicinal plant. Mid Himalayas are the bowl of stone fruits and peach is one of the important stone fruit of Himachal Pradesh Farmers are raising the orchards, hence keeping in view the importance of medicinal and aromatic plants under peach orchard is very good option. Farmers of many states in India have made the choice of cultivating medicinal plants and making profits by cultivating it. The use of FYM @ (2t/ha and 4t/ha), vermicompost @ (2t/ha and 4t/ha) and jeevamrutha @ (500l/ha) at appropriate doses was found beneficial minimizing competition for critical resources. The most beneficial treatment is fertilizers T6(NPK) under peach base Linum usitatissimum crop. Maximum plant height (54.15 cm) at harvesting stage was observed with NPK 120:60:30 kg/ha + peach. The maximum numbers of branches per plant (4.85) were recorded in T6. Maximum fresh aerial biomass per plant (11.98 g/plant) and estimated fresh aerial biomass per hectare (39.93 q/ha) was recorded as T6. Maximum dry aerial biomass per plant (8.22 g/plant) and estimated dry aerial biomass per hectare (27.40 q/ha) was observed as T6. Maximum seed yield (10.16 q/ha) was found in T6. The highest gross return (Rs. 1,01,600) for Linum usitatissimum was recorded under T6. The maximum total net return (Rs. 1,25,026) was recorded in T6. Benefit cost ratio of Linum usitatissimum plants was best result (2.13) in T5. All over all characteristics maximum were observed in T6 as compare to other treatments. The intercropping of Linum usitatissimum with peach was found more beneficial as compared to sole crop.


Introduction: William Vickrey Jacques Dreze and Richard Arnott Part I. Social Choice and Allocation Mechanisms: Introduction Kenneth Arrow 1. Measuring marginal utility by reactions to risk 2. Utility, strategy and social decision rules 3. Counterspeculation, auctions and competitive sealed tenders 4. Auctions and bidding games Part II. Taxation: Introduction Anthony Atkinson 5. Averaging of income for income tax purposes 6. Cumulative averaging after thirty years 7. An integrated successions tax 8. Expenditure, capital gains and the basis of progressive taxation 9. The problems of progression Part III. Marginal Cost Pricing: Introduction Jacques Dreze 10. Marginal and average cost pricing 11. Some objections to marginal cost pricing 12. Responsive pricing of public utility services 13. Airline overbooking: some further solutions Part IV. Pricing Urban Transportation: Introduction Richard Arnott 14. A proposal for revising New York's subway fare structure 15. Pricing in urban and suburban transport 16. Congestion theory and transport investment Part V. Urban Economics: Introduction Richard Arnott 17. The city as a firm 18. General and specific financing of urban services 19. The impact on land values of taxing building Part VI. Macroeconomic Policy: Introduction Jacques Dreze 20. The optimum trend of prices 21. Design as a market anti-inflation program 22. Necessary and optimum government debt 23. Today's tasks for economists Part VII. Miscellany: Introduction Richard Arnott 24. Resources distribution patterns and the classification of families 25. On the prevention of gerrymandering 26. One economist's view of philanthropy Bibliography of William Vickrey.


This study examines the legal protection based on positive law on the registration of famous brands in Indonesia. We carried out this study using statue and conceptual approaches. The study data were collected through library research, i.e. collecting the theories and legal protection provisions for brands and specifically for famous brands. Results show that legal provisions for famous brands protection in Indonesia are still vague, especially as stipulated in the Republic of Indonesia Law Number 20 of 2016 concerning Trademarks and Geographical Indication. From positive law aspect, registration of famous brands is protected by preventive and repressive measures. In Indonesia, an Independent institution functioning to inventory and determine a database and criteria for a brand is required. In addition, the Government Regulation after the issuance of Law Number 20 of 2016 concerning Trademarks and Geographical Indications and between the Government and the community needs to be formulated and enforced.


CLOSURE of the glottis plays a most important part in all expulsive acts, such as coughing, sneezing, vomiting or deftecation; or in those muscular actions where it is necessary to have the thorax fixed, in order to enable the muscles attached to it to act with greater advantage or greater precision. On looking at the human larynx, it not unfrequently happens that the mere act of introducing the mirror into the fauces excites movements of retching. The appearance which the larynx then presents, is that of a somewhat circular or slightly elliptical opening completely filled by three bulging segments, strongly reminding one of the appearance of the aortic valves, as seen from below in an injected aorta. On consulting several text-books on physiology we find that the mode of closure of the glottis is treated in a very cursory way. In the wonderfully complete physiology of Haller we can find no definite information, nor is there any in Todd's Cyclapcdia of Anatomy and Physiology. In Muller's Physiology, translated by Dr. Baly, 2nd edition,1 we find the statement that in holding the breath the air tubes are cut off from the mouth and nostrils by approximating the posterior palatine arches, and pressing the root of the tongue against the palate. In Carpenter's Physiology, 9th edition, and in Foster's Physiology, 3rd edition, we have also failed to find a definite account of the mechanism of the closure of the glottis. In Czermak's Treatise on the Laryngoscope,2 he states that during closure of the glottis he has observed that-


Sukarno's Guided Democracy and the Takeovers of Foreign Companies in Indonesia in the 1960s William A. Redfern (email@example.com) Accepted 2010, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor MI This disserta...


Abstract. Maryanto SD, Tanjung ZA, Roberdi, Sudania WM, Pujianto, Hairinsyah, Utomo C, Liwang T. 2021. Involvement of purple acid phosphatase gene into nitrogen uptake of oil palm (Elaeis guineensis). Biodiversitas 22: 1385-1390. Nitrogen is the most important nutrient element in terms of plant growth. Plant purple acid phosphatases (PAPs) are known to participate in the phosphate (Pi) acquisition and utilization. Moreover, PAP gene plays an important role in nitrogen fixation. A single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) was previously detected in the exon 7 of EgPAP3, based on SNP mining analysis of oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.). genome database. This study was aimed to obtain a Cleaved Amplified Polymorphic Sequences (CAPS) marker based on SNP within EgPAP associated with efficient nitrogen uptake oil palm progenies. Primer pairs were designed and used for PCR amplification of 3 oil palm progenies that showed low N-content, 3 progenies with moderate N-content, and 3 progenies with high N-content. The amplicon was purified prior to single-pass DNA sequencing analysis. Based on Pearson's chi-square and odds ratio statistical analysis, the SNP has strong positive correlation with the phenotype. The SNP is located at chromosome 13 with a distance of 17.7771 cM from start codon. The sequencing analysis revealed that three progenies with high N-content samples had GG allele motif, while moderate N-content progenies had GA allele and low N-content progenies had AA allele motifs respectively. In addition, a restriction site of NIaIV was found to be adjacent to the SNP location, thus the PCR products of all samples were digested with NIaIV restriction enzyme. NIaIV was able to distinguish between high, medium and low efficient DNA samples. Whole high N-content progenies with GG allele motifs were undigested indicating a single band size of 670 bp identical to the untreated PCR product (control). Moderate N-content progenies produced a 670 bp, 550 bp, and 120 bp bands because of digested by NIaIV. Low N-content progenies also resulted in double bands of 550 bp and 120 bp due to digested by NIaIV. Furthermore, NIaIV restriction enzyme was applied to digest other 54 oil palms DNA samples with unknown genotypes. Whole GG samples were consistently shown to have single band, GA and AA samples were also consistent in producing two bands with different lengths. Based on this result, CAPS marker based on SNP in EgPAP3 was successfully developed to screen between high and low efficient N-uptake of oil palm progenies.


Abstract Persuasive discourse is a fundamental aspect of contemporary asymmetric warfare where the power of military technologies has been displaced by the need for all parties to a conflict to persuade others to act in accordance with particular war aims. Here we suggest that persuasive military discourse evokes corporeality, transforming armies and enemies into individuals, and utilizing powerful corporeal imagery to fantasize ideals or imagine threats. This article investigates the use of the body as a tool of persuasion through an analysis of NATO Psychological Operations materials used in Afghanistan. These materials are primarily used to persuade the local population and Afghan security forces of particular courses of action, whilst simultaneously seeking to dissuade, disrupt and deter Taliban forces. Such an investigation not only offers insights into the ways in which the body becomes a site for political ideals, truths and imaginings but also the extent to which this process masks the lived bodily reality of war.


A wrinkle-resistant cotton fabric was produced by photo-initiated, free-radical reaction with N- methylolacrylamide monomer from aqueous solution to form a poly(N-methylolacrylamide) copolymer, followed by crosslinking reactions of the methylol groups of the copolymer with cellulose. The product had increased conditioned and wet wrinkle-recovery angles and retained breaking and tearing strengths and stiffness values in the ranges normally obtained for wrinkle-resistant cottons. The efficiency of the conversion of monomer to polymer was greater when the cotton-monomer solution was irradiated wet than when it was irradiated dry, and greater when irradiated with 254- and 300-nm ultraviolet light than when irradiated with 350-nm light. Catalysts used to initiate reaction of methylol groups were about equally effective whether they were included in the initial monomer solution or added to modi fied cotton fabric after copolymer formation.


The study examines issues related to translating an author's name and character names when these are considered paratexts. The introduction briefly describes the interdisciplinary context of study into paratextuality, pointing to the research areas emerging at the intersection of literary theory, translation studies, and onomastics. The paper then analyzes the translation methods used in the case of authors' names, pseudonyms, title characters, and intertextual names in separate sections, focusing on publications of popular literature and 20th-century Hungarian prose, especially Zsigmond Móricz, Dezső Kosztolányi and Jenő Rejtő in foreign languages. Following the criteria described in the literature review, the study examines verbal paratexts and the visual paratexts of the covers (typography, cover image).


The invention discloses a multilayer large-span assembling integral type space steel grid building structure and a manufacturing method. The multilayer large-span assembling integral type space steel grid building structure is formed by adopting a steel grid type bearing outer wall structure and an assembling integral plated type or curved surface type steel hollow grid structure as a floor cover or a house cover structure to be assembled; the steel grid type bearing outer wall structure is formed by connecting a combined upright columns manufactured by rectangular steel tubes and combined transverse beams manufactured by H-shaped steel or T-shaped steel; the rectangular shape of the upright column is 200-300mm in height or width; the wall thickness of the upright column is 4-10mm; the shape height of the H-shaped steel or T-shaped steel of the transverse beam is 100-200mm; the center distance between every two adjacent upright columns is 1500-4000mm; and five transverse beams are connected in a column net structure within each height range and between two adjacent upright columns. The multilayer large-span assembling integral type space steel grid building structure has the advantages of being light in weight, high in strength, easy to construct, good in quality and the like.


This paper draws attention to the contribution of tidal friction (TF) to plate tectonic processes. Our proposed model supports recent geodetic observations and geodynamic models highlighting exogenous local contributions to plate motions. The TF has a westward effect on lithospheric plates and the lithosphere as a whole. To determine the extent of this effect, we use the asthenospheric viscosity estimated using the Eötvös force. We also show that TF has a detectable impact on the latitudinal distribution of earthquake activity.


The invention relates to an apparatus for determining an optimized configuration of an extension of a filling nozzle of a body, this apparatus comprising in succession a plurality of adjacent parts, respectively a first tube (3) connected to said filling nozzle, a portion angled (4), a second tube (5), a handle (6), and a third tube, hose (7) .According to the invention, each part (3, 4, 5, 6, 7) carries a reference enabling to be identified in a referencing database, from a list of different parts together, and at least one of the parts (3, 4, 5, 6, 7) of the apparatus is engaged by a releasable securing means ( 9) with at least one of the other parts (3, 4, 5, 6, 7) adjacent thereto, angularly adjustable and / or length, the adjustments being identifiable by identification means.


Considering economic effect and low-carbon effect the benefit formation mechanism of wind power was analyzed, and then through integrating the benefits from the two aspects by low-carbon economic elements a concept of low-carbon comprehensive benefit was proposed. Combining with construction cost of wind power , an analysis model of low-carbon comprehensive benefit from wind power was built.


Gemini Observatory serves a diverse community of four partner countries (United States, Canada, Brazil, and Argentina), two hosts (Chile and University of Hawaii), and limited-term partnerships (currently Australia and the Republic of Korea). Observing time is available via multiple opportunities including Large and Long Pro- grams, Fast-turnaround programs, and regular semester queue programs. The slate of programs for observation each semester must be created by merging programs from these multiple, conflicting sources. This paper de- scribes the time allocation process used to schedule the overall science program for the semester, with emphasis on the International Time Allocation Committee and the software applications used.


Chitin is a highly abundant N-acetyl-glucosamine (GlcNAc) polysaccharide which has been linked to immune responses in the context of fungal infections and allergic asthma, especially to T helper 2 (Th2) immune responses. Unfortunately, due to the frequent use of crude chitin preparations of unknown purity and degree of polymerization, there is still great uncertainty how chitin activates different parts of the human immune system. We recently identified chitin oligomers of six GlcNAc units as the smallest immunologically active chitin motif and the innate immune receptor TLR2 as a primary chitin sensor on human and murine myeloid cells, but the response of further immune cells, e.g. lymphoid cells, to oligomeric chitin has not been investigated. Our analysis of primary human immune cells now shows that chitin oligomers activate immune responses of both innate and adaptive lymphocytes: Notably, chitin oligomers activated Natural Killer (NK) cells but not B lymphocytes. Moreover, chitin oligomers induced maturation of dendritic cells and enabled potent CD8+ T cell recall responses. Our results suggest that chitin oligomers not only trigger immediate innate responses in a limited range of myeloid cells, but also exert critical activities across the entire human immune system. This highlights chitin oligomer immune activation as an interesting and broadly applicable potential target for both adjuvant development and therapeutic interference in chitin-mediated pathologies.


Ever increasing needs and capabilities in high power radio frequency waves heating and current drive scenarios of present and future magnetic confined fusion plasmas motivate expansion of understanding for vast variety of ever upcoming nonlinearities in such levels of power. Among many motivating experiments, one of the most relevant and actively studied in the regime for electron Bernstein wave (EBW) heating is high-β National Spherical Torus Experiment. A very special type of large amplitude electron plasma oscillations known as localized upper hybrid (UH) mode is demonstrated. It is shown that the mutual synergetic interaction of EBW and the localized UH mode can significantly shift the resonance layer about △x∼0.9 mm compared to the prediction of linear theory and consequently can explain the considerable reduction of conversion value around 35% observed in our modelling. This reduction is due to scale up of density scale length, Ln, at the new UH resonance (UHR) location followed by the increase of B...


This study compares the perceptions of elementary gifted child and science teacher in a science class for the gifted. In order to explore the research problem, students and teachers answered a written semi-structured questionnaire and participated in interviews regarding the gifted science class. The data was collected and analyzed. Science teachers recognized the characteristics of a good science class, especially in terms of educational content and teaching methodology. First, they suggested promoting inquiry skills, presenting a challenging task in atypical topic selection, student-centered curriculum, and controlling the pace of learning to recognize individual differences. Second, in terms of the science class skills and attitudes category, teachers recommended raising mutual satisfaction through vigorous interaction within a permissible atmosphere. Finally, science teachers need to strive for continued professional growth. Gifted children, meanwhile, want to investigate a wide range of topics without time constraints. Additionally, they may have to explore challenging topics further. They prefer to act like scientists in that they enjoy group activities, communication and cooperation. In particular, they want to be evaluated by others in a totally embedded assessment. Gifted children also expect teachers to understand the life circumstances and needs of the students. In addition, they asked for teachers to respect individual experiments and to show them how to safely use new equipment or research methods. As a result, gifted children and science teachers have to recognize the differences of opinion concerning a good science class for the gifted. This study can help formulate strategies to establish quality management of materials in gifted science classes.


Based on the PMT test system analysis, from the perspective of PMT single photo-electron peak starting to get accurate test existing test pulse generator is optimized to achieve the interactive system and PC control system through the ARM controller, through the FPGA to achieve adjustable duty cycle pulse width output, to achieve the output datum transformation through the level conversion chip and programmable voltage source, and ultimately the high-precision, multi-channel pulse generator, and the output signal quality pulse signal generator and RIGOO-DG5352 350MHz analog output signal source for comparison, the rise time, fall on superior signal source parameters currently used time. And expand the design is better, you can compare the signal source quickly expanded into more channels compared to conventional sources, only 2 channels or 4 channels more suitable PMT test system.


Brussels woke up with a terror hangover this Monday morning. The threat level remains at its highest level (level 4), for the second time only since it was created. While most of the city was shut down the entire weekend, schools and many public services remain closed at the time of writing. Security operations to dismantle a terrorist cell in Brussels are still ongoing, in the aftermath of the recent coordinated attacks in Paris. Although we still know very little about these operations and the cell that they aim to dismantle, we can make a number of observations related to the terrorist threat in Europe, and how to respond to it.


Introduction 1. A Framework for Comparison 2. Loyalism and Violence 3. Irish /Polish Nationalism and Violence 4. Boundaries, Territory, Identity and Violence Conclusion: Retrieved Gauntlets Glossary Biographical Notes Bibliography


words-of each chapter. Because it has been constructed primarily by young, white women of privileged class status, mainstream feminism has been viewed as constructed for them and as insensitive to the needs and concerns of the women who fall outside of those categories. We have made progress integrating poor and minority women into our politics and theory because we could simply add their issues to our list, leaving that list intact. We cannot simply add the needs and issues of disabled women to our list (as the editors and many of the authors of the book attempt) and therein lies the problem and the challenge. Our belief that women must be freed from the confines of oppressive gender roles cannot be integrated with the disabled woman's longing for them. We can resort to our typical Procrustean strategies of mutilating women's experiences until they fit the tidy bed of mainstream feminist thought and of deciding that the women in question are too uneducated and unenlightened to know what they feel or want. Alternatively, we can learn from the diversity of women's experiences, and revise our thinking. Disabled women challenge us to do the latter. Construed to be incompetent by virtue of gender and defective by virtue of disability, these women may represent and experience gender per se. They may represent and experience socially constructed femaleness without a well-defined gender role that organizes its socialized emptiness, needs, and utter uselessness and hides its ludicrous face. If these lives at the edge of gender provide a glimpse of what women in a patriarchal society are, can do, and can be without gender roles, then these experiences might become the cutting edge of a politics that seeks to eradicate not gender roles, but masculinity, femininity, and gender itself.


Dongguan gives many people the impression that it is a manufacturing kingdom with factories all over the city. In fact, Dongguan is not a cultural desert in the eyes of many people; it is also an ancient city with a deep literary and artistic heritage and accumulation. Especially in the heart of the city lies a small but exquisitely designed garden of the Qing Dynasty, the Ke Garden. It can be described as a unique artisanal and Auxiliary side. The four famous gardens of Guangdong (Qinghui Garden in Shunde, Liang Yuan in Foshan, Ke Yuan in Dongguan and Yu Yin Shan Fang in Panyu) are representative of the gardens of the Lingnan region. Although it is a Lingnan garden, it has all the commonalities of a Chinese garden, with its corridors and windows, rockery and fish ponds, and its twists and turns. Therefore, the author has chosen to cut through Dongguan's Ke Garden to see the big picture in a small way. In turn, the characteristics of Lingnan gardens and their inspiration for modern gardens are analysed.


Films of (119) Bi-2223 high-Tc superconductor, potentially useful for future sandwich-stacked structures exhibiting Josephson effect have been prepared by MOCVD on (100) NdGaO3 and (110) SrTiO3 flat and vicinal substrates with different off-angles. It is shown that off-angle is a key parameter in growth control mechanism of the films. In-plane aligned fi lms, with regular morphology and low roughness as well as having maximum zero-resistivity critical temperature of Tc0=67.2K and Tc0=74K when "single" and " two"temperature growth routes are used, respectively, have been obtained for high of-angles (20 °). Growth mechanism is changing from a two-dimensional type for the flat substrate to a step-flow one for vicinal substrates.


At present, there are various supporting schemes for foundation pit that could be adopted in actual projects; however, there are also certain differences in construction cost and applicability of different schemes. To guarantee reasonable and efficient choice of supporting schemes for foundation pit, it is necessary to implement selection of supporting schemes purposefully. This essay discusses mainly the optimization system of supporting schemes for foundation pit. Through analysis of the affecting factors of supporting schemes of foundation pit, comprehensive optimization system of supporting schemes for foundation pit has been constructed, optimization model of supporting schemes based on TOPSIS has been created and comprehensive optimization system of supporting schemes for foundation pit has also been established.


This paper considers the role of team learning in organizational learning. I propose that a group-level perspective provides new insight into how organizational learning is impeded, hindering effective change in response to external pressures. In contrast to previous theoretical perspectives, I suggest that organizational learning is local, interpersonal, and variegated. I present data from an exploratory study of learning processes in 12 organizational teams engaged in activities ranging from strategic planning to hands-on manufacturing of products. These qualitative data are used to investigate two components of the collective learning process--reflection to gain insight and action to produce change--and to explore how teams allow an organization to engage in both radical and incremental learning, as needed in a changing and competitive environment. I find that team members' perceptions of power and interpersonal risk affect the quality of team reflection, which has implications for their team's and their organization's ability to change.


PURPOSE Resectable non–small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with a high probability of mediastinal nodal involvement requires mediastinal staging by endosonography and, in the absence of nodal metastases, confirmatory mediastinoscopy according to current guidelines. However, randomized data regarding immediate lung tumor resection after systematic endosonography versus additional confirmatory mediastinoscopy before resection are lacking. METHODS Patients with (suspected) resectable NSCLC and an indication for mediastinal staging after negative systematic endosonography were randomly assigned to immediate lung tumor resection or confirmatory mediastinoscopy followed by tumor resection. The primary outcome in this noninferiority trial (noninferiority margin of 8% that previously showed to not compromise survival, Pnoninferior < .0250) was the presence of unforeseen N2 disease after tumor resection with lymph node dissection. Secondary outcomes were 30-day major morbidity and mortality. RESULTS Between July 17, 2017, and October 5, 2020, 360 patients were randomly assigned, 178 to immediate lung tumor resection (seven dropouts) and 182 to confirmatory mediastinoscopy first (seven dropouts before and six after mediastinoscopy). Mediastinoscopy detected metastases in 8.0% (14/175; 95% CI, 4.8 to 13.0) of patients. Unforeseen N2 rate after immediate resection (8.8%) was noninferior compared with mediastinoscopy first (7.7%) in both intention-to-treat (Δ, 1.03%; UL 95% CIΔ, 7.2%; Pnoninferior = .0144) and per-protocol analyses (Δ, 0.83%; UL 95% CIΔ, 7.3%; Pnoninferior = .0157). Major morbidity and 30-day mortality was 12.9% after immediate resection versus 15.4% after mediastinoscopy first (P = .4940). CONCLUSION On the basis of our chosen noninferiority margin in the rate of unforeseen N2, confirmatory mediastinoscopy after negative systematic endosonography can be omitted in patients with resectable NSCLC and an indication for mediastinal staging.


Mining and HIV/AIDS Transmission Among Marampa Mining Communities in Lunsar, Sierra Leone by Alphajoh Cham MSc Eng, Dresden University of Technology, Germany, 2001 BSc (Hons), University of Sierra Leone, 1994 Dissertation Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Public Health Walden University October 2015 Abstract Since the human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immune deficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) was first reported in Sierra Leone in 1987, its prevalence rate has stabilized at 1.5% in the nation's general population. However, concerns exist regarding the potential increase in high-risk populations, particularly among mineworkers and commercial sex workers. The potential spread of HIV/AIDS as a result of labor migration may threaten the mining sector, which has been identified as a critical driver of recent economic growth and development. A gap remains in the literature regarding the contextual factors in mining communities that lead to high rates of HIV/AIDS. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to quantitatively examine the association between labor migration and of sexual risk behaviors among mineworkers in the Marampa Mines in Lunsar, Sierra Leone. Grounded in the ecological model and using a cross-sectional design, 296 mineworkers from the Marampa mining communities were surveyed using a standardized survey questionnaire. Research questions were answered using simple linear and binary logistic regression analyses. Analyses of the results indicated a significant relationship between labor migration and condom self-efficacy, where migrants were predicted to have condom self-efficacy scores 7 times higher than nonmigrants. However, the results showed no statistically significant relationship between labor migration andSince the human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immune deficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) was first reported in Sierra Leone in 1987, its prevalence rate has stabilized at 1.5% in the nation's general population. However, concerns exist regarding the potential increase in high-risk populations, particularly among mineworkers and commercial sex workers. The potential spread of HIV/AIDS as a result of labor migration may threaten the mining sector, which has been identified as a critical driver of recent economic growth and development. A gap remains in the literature regarding the contextual factors in mining communities that lead to high rates of HIV/AIDS. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to quantitatively examine the association between labor migration and of sexual risk behaviors among mineworkers in the Marampa Mines in Lunsar, Sierra Leone. Grounded in the ecological model and using a cross-sectional design, 296 mineworkers from the Marampa mining communities were surveyed using a standardized survey questionnaire. Research questions were answered using simple linear and binary logistic regression analyses. Analyses of the results indicated a significant relationship between labor migration and condom self-efficacy, where migrants were predicted to have condom self-efficacy scores 7 times higher than nonmigrants. However, the results showed no statistically significant relationship between labor migration and engagement in multiple sexual partnerships and commercial sex among the mineworkers. These findings will provide important implications for positive social change in the development of multilevel HIV intervention programs to reduce sexual risk behaviors that transmit HIV, thereby improving the health and wellbeing of miners and that of their partners and families in the mining communities. Mining and HIV/AIDS Transmission in the Marampa Mining Communities in Lunsar, Sierra Leone by Alphajoh Cham MSc Eng, Dresden University of Technology, 2001 BSc (Hons), University of Sierra Leone, 1994 Dissertation Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Public Health Walden University October 2015 Dedication This dissertation is dedicated to my late mother, Haja Ramatulai Cham, who had always wanted and inspired me to be a medical doctor. Acquiring an academic doctorate degree in public health is in my own way a fulfillment of your wish, Mom. May you continue to rest in peace. Acknowledgements The successful completion of this dissertation and the quality of the research work have been the result of the hard work and collaboration of so many people to whom I wish to express my profound gratitude and appreciation. First, I wish to say thanks to Allah, the Most Gracious the Most Merciful, for granting me the wisdom, strength, and knowledge to complete this doctoral program. I am sincerely grateful to my review committee members, Dr. Aimee Ferraro, Dr. Hadi Danawi, and Dr. Michael Dunn, for their leadership and scholarship in patiently guiding and advising me through the dissertation process, which has been a very long journey. I would also like to express my heartfelt appreciation to the management and staff of the National HIV/AIDS Secretariat; Global Fund for HIV/AIDS; London Mining Company (TIMIS Mining Corporation); the Chairman of Port Loko District Council; the District Medical Officer; the P. C. Bai Koblo Queen II of Lunsar-Marampa Chiefdom; and the Senior District Officer, for their cooperation and approval to conduct the research study in Port Loko District. I am also very indebted to the Business Coalition for HIV/AIDS in Sierra Leone, which facilitated the data collection process, and the study participants who took part in the survey. Most importantly, I am very grateful in a special way to the love of my life, Dr. Lucinda Cham, for the kind love, emotional support, and inspiration to complete the doctoral program. To those who I did not mention by name, I thank you again very much. You will always be remembered in my heart and prayers for sharing this wonderful academic journey with me.


Objective: Bacteria are able to synthesize a wide range of metabolites with fungicidal properties. The present study focused on the in vitro evaluation of antifungal potential of amyloliquefaciens DSM-1067 against Aspergillus spp . and its electron microscopic studies. Methods: An invitro evaluation of antifungal activity of bacterial secreted and cellular proteins was determined by microbroth dilution, disc diffusion and spore germination inhibition assays (SGIA). The cytotoxicity of these bacterial proteins was determined by hemolytic assay, and the effect of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens DSM 1067 lysate proteins on Aspergillus fumigatus was visualized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Results: Bacillus amyloliquefaciens DSM-1067 lysates showed the highest activity by inhibiting the growth of A. fumigatus , A. flavus completely at a concentration of 31.25 µg/ml. In vitro toxicity experiments resulted that the lysate of B. amyloliquefaciens DSM-1067was non-toxic against human erythrocytes even at high concentrations. These findings thus emphasize its usefulness in the development of new antifungal therapies. SEM analysis demonstrated the in vitro inhibition of A. fumigatus growth by B. amyloliquefaciens DSM-1067cytosolic proteins leading to wrinkled hyphae, irregular branching patterns. It also showed disruption of conidiophores development. These cytological effects of B. amyloliquefaciens DSM-1067on the hyphal growth of A. fumigatus can explain its potent anti- Aspergillus activity. Conclusion: The present investigation revealed that B. amyloliquefaciens DSM-1067 lysate protein can act as a potential candidate for exploration in the development of effective and non-toxic treatments against Aspergillus induced diseases. Its effect on the development of conidiophores and hyphal growth are studied in the present study.


Background. Enterovirus infection is widely spread around the world. It has different epidemiologic and clinical manifestations. However, to date, the amount of accumulated information on the epidemic process of enterovirus infection in different constituent entities of the Siberian Federal district of the Russian Federation is insufficient. Objectives. Our objectives were to investigate characteristics of the enterovirus infection epidemic process in Siberian constituent entities subjected to surveillance using the innovative molecular genetic analysis.
Materials and methods. The analysis of long-term enterovirus infection incidence in the investigated constituent entities of Siberia was performed. The total number of 237 enterovirus strains circulating during 2017-2018 epidemic seasons in the analyzed regions were isolated using sequencing technique. A phylogenetic analysis of the obtained nucleotide sequences was performed. Results. The epidemiologic situation related to enterovirus infection was unfavorable in the majority of the Siberian constituent entities in the past two years. A significant increase in incidence rates was registered in the Irkutsk Region, Zabaykalsky Krai and Altai Republic. We distinguished major manifestations of the enterovirus infection epidemic process including a years-long excess of the national average and a rising trend in the annual incidence rate, prevalence of herpangina, exanthema and enterovirus meningitis in the clinical course of the disease among children aged 3–6. Prevalence of Coxsackievirus A-6 and Coxsackievirus A-9 in the landscape of circulation was revealed in a number of Siberian regions. Group incidence and imported cases were also registered. Discussion. Our results demonstrated the importance of molecular genetic monitoring of circulating enteroviruses as part of the epidemiologic surveillance. This state-of-the-art approach can reveal potential epidemiologic links between cases of the disease.


Although there is no legal definition of the word 'superfood', in recent years exotic foods and ingredients have become popular in German food retailers. The aim of the study was to determine consumer preferences for superfood ingredients in different types of bread; to accomplish this, a choice experiment was set up with a representative sample of 503 German consumers. Respondents had to choose between products with varying attributes such as type of bread, superfood ingredient, nutritional information, production method, durability, and price. The results indicate that consumers value bread that serves a functional purpose through superfood ingredients such as linseed or chia. Using latent class segmentation, the respondents were divided into four segments, of which three groups valued bread with superfood ingredients. All in all, the type of bread is the most important factor when choosing a bread. Further market research could take into account different types of superfoods (processed/unprocessed), as well as regional deviations in Germany and the EU member states to analyze differences regarding the market potential of staple foods such as bread that serve a functional purpose through superfood ingredients.


Author(s): Halderman, John Michael | Abstract: This chapter is ashort story about pastoralists in Kenya based on real events that is intended to provide the reader with a deeper and closer sense of the people and issues involved. It presented here at part of the UnderstandingtheHorn.org online curriculum project.


For electricity meters, and in particular, watt-hour only meters, the European directive on measuring instruments (or ldquoMIDrdquo) represents a different spin on setting the performance and safety requirements for those meters. Another European group, the OIML (international organization for legal metrology) has published one document (D11) discussing recommendations for legislation to meet the MID. An OIML technical committee is drafting the recommendation (IR46) that would give regulatory bodies an easily-adoptable set of requirements and tests to meet the needs of the MID. This paper examines the imminent European legislation for electricity meters (measuring instruments), with a comparison of the stated goals versus those pursued in the North American market via the ANSI C12 performance standards. Included are the MID, the OIML publications D11 and IR46, the mutual acceptance agreement (or MAA) and what all of those mean for manufacturers producing typical ANSI C12 meters.


The integration of information and communication technology in learning through the application of virtual laboratory media can be an alternative solution to overcome the constraints of time, cost, and laboratory safety in biology labs. Virtual laboratories are very suitable to be applied to the mechanism of evolution because they involve the context of space and time, and can provide opportunities for students to learn independently and increase active student involvement in learning. These study aims are to determine the effect of the application of virtual laboratory media on the understanding of student concepts; knowing increasing students' understanding of the concept of evolutionary mechanisms, and knowing students' responses after learning with virtual laboratories. This type of research is a pre-experimental design (nondesign) with one group pretest-posttest design. The research subjects were 37 students. The media used as many as 8 web-based virtual laboratory programs (online) that can be freely accessed. Data collection techniques include tests (pretest and posttest) and questionnaires. The pretest and posttest values were analyzed by the T-test while the questionnaire data were analyzed descriptively. The application of web-based virtual laboratory media on the evolution mechanism material influences the understanding of student concepts (t arithmetic> t table then H0 is rejected and H1 is accepted) The application of these media increases students' understanding of the concept of evolutionary mechanisms. The mean value increased from pretest 23.65 to 56.08 at the posttest with an increase of 32.43. Student responses to the application of media in learning showed 91.89% of students felt helped in understanding the process of evolution while 100% of students felt helped in understanding the role of evolution in causing evolution.


The article analyzes the judicial and public control over the discretionary powers of the National Commission for State Regulation of Energy and Utilities. The Authority of the Regulator in the field of setting tariffs in the energy sector is a broad discretion, therefore, an important legal issue is the regulation and implementation of control activities for their implementation.
It has been established that the legislation does not provide for the responsibility of the National Commission for State Regulation of Energy and Utilities before consumers - natural persons for making illegal decisions, which can significantly complicate the process of receiving compensation by the consumer for losses incurred as a result of making such decisions by the National Commission for State Regulation of Energy and Utilities in court. This indicates a very high degree of risk and opportunities for abuse in decision-making by the regulator in the field of setting prices (tariffs), including for housing and communal services, which are related to his discretionary powers.
The article analyzes court cases over the past 3 years by courts of administrative jurisdiction in courts of first instance, in which of the National Commission for State Regulation of Energy and Utilities was a participant (in 2019 – 117 decisions were made, in 2020 – 167 decisions, in 2021 – 179 decisions). However, the results of the analysis led to the conclusion of a very low level of legal activity of consumers - natural persons. Such a low activity of appeals by natural persons against the decisions of the National Commission for State Regulation of Energy and Utilities in the field of setting tariffs may indicate either a low level of knowledge in the field of current mechanisms for setting tariffs in the field of energy and possible public control over their adoption, the need to incur significant costs of time and money to appeal the decisions of the regulator, and mistrust in court in terms of making fair decisions in a dispute with a subject of authority.
It was concluded that today the household consumer of services in the field of energy is practically not protected from the arbitrariness of the Regulator in the context of the presence of an effective mechanism for checking the use of discretionary powers by the regulator in the field of tariff insertion. In general, only a combination of judicial and public control can give a positive result in the direction of implementing the principle of good governance in the activities of all administrative bodies, including the National Commission, which carries out state regulation in the fields of energy and communal services.


Co/Pt multilayered (ML) nanowires were prepared by template-assisted pulsed electrodeposition. Structural and magnetic evolutions of the deposited ML nanowires upon annealing in a hydrogen atmosphere were studied by transmission electron microscopy, x-ray diffractometry and magnetometry. It was found that the deposited nanowires undergo a morphological change from multilayers to continuous and dense alloy wires with increasing annealing temperature. The fraction and the grain size of the f.c.t. Co–Pt ordered phase were also found to increase with annealing temperature, giving rise to a markedly enhanced magnetic performance of the annealed nanowires. Our study provides an alternative approach, apart from direct template-based electrodeposition, to the fabrication of Co–Pt alloy nanowires with tunable structures and magnetic properties.


I make no apology for presenting a paper with this title to the consideration of this Association. The anesthetic, like the poor, is always with us. Other subjects, medical and surgical, may arise from time to time to receive the predominating attention and interest of the hour, but the ever-present and all-important matter of the anesthetic runs its even and constant course, interrupted only now and then by the invention of a new and useless inhaler, or a socalled improved method of giving the anesthetic. A great deal of time and work and mental energy have been unnecessarily expended upon both sides of the imaginary case of Chloroform vs. Ether, and the merits and attractions of the one have been presented as fully and carefully as the disadvantages and dangers of the other. The discussion is quite superfluous except so far as it has served to point out the special conditions suitable and unsuitable for each anesthetic. Chloroform and ether are in a large measure the complements of each other. They have been used side by side since anesthesia was discovered, and they occupy about the same relative positions now that they did forty years ago. Each has its advantages and its proper field of usefulness, and we could ill afford to do without either. While it is the object of this paper to present some thoughts upon the action and administration of chloroform, I wish to say right now that for the general purposes of an anesthetic in the hands of all persons who may be called upon to administer it, ether is the preferable agent from the standpoint of safety alone. The