The formulation and processing of a brittle polyurethane foam containing triboluminescent powder additives is described. Two powder additives, known to exhibit triboluminescence, were individually examined: triethylammonium tetrakis (dibenzoylmethanato) europate [NEt3H][Eu(DBM)4] and ordinary table sugar (sucrose, C12H22O11). In each instance, the powders were mixed into the polyol component of the foam. When combined with the isocyanate component, the resulting foams had these powders incorporated into their cellular structure so as to induce a triboluminescent response upon crushing during impact testing. The triboluminescent response of foam specimens containing each of these powder additives was characterized by measuring: the time rate of change in the optical output (measured as Watts), the peak optical output, the total integrated output (Watt-seconds), during the impact event. Foams containing the europate compound were found to yield several orders of magnitude higher output when compared to the sugar-containing foam. Strain rate and concentration of the powder (in the foam) were important variables with respect to optical output. Both the peak and total triboluminescent output increased with increasing powder concentration. Peak output was also found to increase with increasing strain rate. However, the total output was found to be roughly constant for a given concentration regardless of strain rate (over the strain rate range: 20 sec-1< e& < 150 sec-1). At very low strain rates, no triboluminescent response was measured.


An investigation on milk vetch (Astragalus adsurgens) root rot was conducted in Chifeng City, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region. The result shows that with the plant advances in age, its pathogenicity grows. A plant of 3 to 5 years of age succumbs to the disease at an 100% rate, and the disease index reaches 85 or even higher. The re-greening rate in spring of a 4-or 5-year-old milk vetch plant is as 68.8% or 54.8%, and their tillers re-greening rate is 20%~30% only. Pathogenicity tests on 19 species of Astragalus in greenhouse show that two fungal cultures isolated from a diseased milk vetch plant could infect A. adsurgeus, Medicago varia Martin cv., and Melilotus ofliciralis. Based on the morphological and pathogenicity study, the two isolates which caused root rot of A. adsurgens are identified as Fusarium solani f. sp. astragali, and Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. astragali.


This article explores how the Supreme Court and the Supreme Administrative Court have interpreted and applied the concept of public policy for the setting aside or non-enforcement of arbitration awards. It is found that the courts' approach to the interpretation of the public policy defence appears to be broader than the approach that courts in foreign jurisdictions use in the context of international commercial arbitrations. The current approach seems to be that Thai courts will draw the line between questions of fact and questions of law, whereby only questions of fact are not subject to judicial review. This means that any errors made by arbitral tribunals in deciding questions of law may result in the arbitration awards being set aside or refused for enforcement by the courts on the ground of public policy. The author then concludes that this broad ambit of the public policy defence can be seen as an excessive judicial intervention in arbitration which may undermine the fundamental objectives of arbitration as a dispute resolution mechanism.


In this work we present a flexible, probabilistic and reference-free method of error correction for high throughput DNA sequencing data. The key is to exploit the high coverage of sequencing data and model short sequence outputs as independent realizations of a Hidden Markov Model (HMM). We pose the problem of error correction of reads as one of maximum likelihood sequence detection over this HMM. While time and memory considerations rule out an implementation of the optimal Baum-Welch algorithm (for parameter estimation) and the optimal Viterbi algorithm (for error correction), we propose low-complexity approximate versions of both. Specifically, we propose an approximate Viterbi and a sequential decoding based algorithm for the error correction. Our results show that when compared with Reptile, a state-of-the-art error correction method, our methods consistently achieve superior performances on both simulated and real data sets.


Summary In this paper we present a new filtering technique for coherent and random noise suppression of seismic data, based on complete ensemble empirical mode decomposition (CEEMD) which is suitable for decomposition of nonlinear and non-stationary signals. The method is applied on constant-frequency slice in the frequency-offset (f-x) domain and trace-by trace- manner in time-distance (t-x) domain. It provides a better spectral separation of the modes and requires a lesser number of sifting iterations comparing to EEMD and EMD methods. The filtered data is reconstructed by eliminating appropriate intrinsic mode functions and summing the rest of them. The key advantages of the method is to reduce the EMD's mode mixing problem and the EEMD's different number of modes generated by residual noise and different realizations of signal plus noise. Efficiency of the method is tested on both real and synthetic seismic data.


The charging behavior of metal nanoparticles bouncing from conductive surfaces was investigated in a single-stage-low-pressure-impactor. Ag and Pt particles of a fixed particle size between 20 nm and 100 nm were impacted on targets of bulk Au and Pt, respectively, and the resulting contact charge was measured as a function of impact velocity. The influence of target hardness was revealed by the comparison to measurements with soft nanostructured layers obtained by direct current sputtering of Au and Pt on mica discs. From the dataset, regions of elastic, elastoplastic, and fully plastic particle deformation were identified, and the size-dependent effective yield stress for the respective particle materials was calculated. The influence of electron back-tunneling in the separation phase of the collision on the effective contact charge is discussed. Copyright 2014 American Association for Aerosol Research


In the remote sensing user community there is a lack of consistency in definitions and properties of reflectance quantities. On one hand, more recent satellite programs such as NASA's MODIS and MISR sensors take into account the directional dimension of the different reflectance products. On the other hand, many published studies still remain unspecific on the reflectance quantities they are based on, or do not follow common definitions. One example is the term 'albedo' assigned to significantly differing products. This fact makes it difficult and confusing to evaluate and compare published results. Our contribution briefly summarizes basic reflectance nomenclature articles. The main aim is to quantify differences of reflectance products to stress the importance of adequate usage of reflectance definitions and quantities. Results from the comparison of directional-hemispherical reflectance versus bihemispherical reflectance and bidirectional reflectance factors versus hemispherical-directional reflectance factors are shown. We exemplify differences of these quantities using modelling results of a black spruce forest canopy and snow cover, as well as selected biome-specific MISR reflectance products of the year 2001. The presented case studies can only give an insight into the dimension of the problem. The actual differences in the reflectance products of a remotely sensed surface depend on the atmospheric conditions, the surroundings, topography, and the scattering properties of the surface itself. Never the less the presented results are urging the user community to be more specific on the application and definition of reflectance quantities.


Data-driven design is making headway into a number of application areas, including protein, small-molecule, and materials engineering. The design goal is to construct an object with desired properties, such as a protein that binds to a target more tightly than previously observed. To that end, costly experimental measurements are being replaced with calls to a high-capacity regression model trained on labeled data, which can be leveraged in an in silico search for promising design candidates. However, the design goal necessitates moving into regions of the input space beyond where such models were trained. Therefore, one can ask: should the regression model be altered as the design algorithm explores the input space, in the absence of new data acquisition? Herein, we answer this question in the affirmative. In particular, we (i) formalize the data-driven design problem as a non-zero-sum game, (ii) leverage this formalism to develop a strategy for retraining the regression model as the design algorithm proceeds---what we refer to as autofocusing the model, and (iii) demonstrate the promise of autofocusing empirically.


The Nonlinear Finite Element Analysis was applied to study the stress and modal of an air spring, which is composed of composites with multiple orthotropic materials. Composites and nonlinear geometry of large deformations were considered during numerical analysis. By selecting the thickness of each ply, better stress distribution on the air spring has been obtained. And the preceding six mode shapes are calculated through modal analysis.


In December 2019, an outbreak of a series of severe respiratory illness was found in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China. It was due to a novel coronavirus, now identified as SARS-CoV-2. The virus is human-to-human transmissible and that is why it has created a pandemic. Due to the continuous increasing death toll, several governments have been compelled to execute complete lockdown throughout the countries and followed by a social separation. The lack of tailored treatment remains an issue. Usually, patients above the age of 65 are more vulnerable to serious illnesses, according to epidemiological studies, whereas children have lesser symptoms. Depending on the present scenario of coronavirus disease, World Health Organization (WHO) advised to implement precautionary measures to defend self and other population. It has been also instructed to take legal action if some careless personnel do not abide with the guidelines of WHO and respective government of his country. A covid detection mechanism from X-ray images is presented in this paper, where a deep convolutional neural network has been utilized to determine whether a person is a covid patient or not. The proposed model accomplishes more than 96% accuracy, which proofs the goodness of the proposed work.


Neocortical neurons are sensitive to hypoxic‐ischemic (H‐I) injuries at term and their demise contributes to neurological disorders. Here we tested the hypothesis that the subventricular zone of the immature brain regenerates neocortical neurons, and that this response is sustained.


The Home Secretary has made it clear that the enhancement of public credibility in community sentences is a crucial prerequisite if the Probation Service is to successfully divert more offenders from custody. Steve Collett draws on the experience of Greater Manchester Probation Service's involvement in the tagging pilot to argue that the nature of the response to electronic monitoring could be a crucial factor both in the development of sentencer and public confidence in the Probation Service, and, by extension, in the future of the Probation Service itself. Steve Collett is an Honorary Fellow, Department of Sociology, Social Policy and Social Work, Liverpool University, and an Assistant Chief Probation Officer in Greater Manchester.


substrate; M when phenylethylamine or dopamine was used; 3 x M with tryptamine; and 2 x 10-7 M if noradrenaline or 5hydroxytryptamine (6-HT) was the substrate, all substrates being a t 2 x M concentration. Similar differences were found when other reversible inhibitors were used. Enzymes obtained from different regions of the brain behaved in the same way in this respect. Differences exist however between enzyme preparations from the brains of different species both in the relative rates of oxidation of different amines and in their relative affinities as indicated by the actions of reversible inhibitors. Selective inhibition of the destruction of endogenous amines should result in selective alteration of their tissue levels when reversible monoamine oxidase inhibitors are given to animals. It was found that if harmaline or cx-methyltryptamine was administered to mice in doses sufficient to cause marked rises in brain 5-HT and noradrenaline levels, the level of dopamine was not raised. Factors, such as the relative turnover rates of amines and the availability of alternative metabolic pathways for their destruction, can determine the relative rises in endogenous amines after blocking monoamine oxidase action. However, since irreversible inhibitors of the enzyme cause dopamine, 5-HT and noradrenaline levels to rise, it seems probable that the differential increase observed in our experiments was due to the selective inhibition of monoamine oxidase by the reversible inhibitors used.


The utility model provides an IGBT driving protection circuit which comprises a fiber transmitting-receiving unit, a signal processing circuit, a detection and short-circuit protection circuit, an under-voltage protection circuit and a signal control circuit. The IGBT driving protection circuit with reliable performance and strong protective functions meanwhile has short-circuit protection and driving power supply under-voltage protection functions. Furthermore, the IGBT driving protection circuit has the characteristics of simple structural design, low cost, high reliability and easy maintenance. The IGBT driving protection circuit is suitable for wide application.


8 patients with parapsoriasis guttata were treated by oral photochemotherapy. In 6 of them, complete clearing was obtained. Many suggestions concerning the mechanism of action of oral photochemotherap


ABSTRACT To the Editor:— A potentially interesting coincidence occurs in the October 2 issue of The Journal. On page 1142 there is a report by the Bureau of Investigation concerning a reducing compound, "Pompay," which is being distributed by some of the largest and best known department stores in the country. According to the analysis of the American Medical Association Chemical Laboratory, the preparation is essentially 6.6 per cent salicylic acid in petrolatum. The directions for its use recommend that the entire body, including the face, be covered with the ointment and that it be left on for a length of time that would amount to more than an hour. A single jar of the stuff contains enough for seven applications.On page 1160 of the same issue appears an abstract of a paper by G. Sannicandro in Dermosifilografo, in which he describes the case of a boy of 7 years


At the beginning of the twenty-first century, Mexico is currently at a stage of intermediate development, and is experiencing profound social, economic, political and demographic transformations. The changes in its population structure reveal a rapidly aging population together with financial insufficiency and actuarial deficits in the social security systems. One challenge yet to be met are the vast requirements of retirement pensions. The social security system consists of various institutions covering various groups of workers: salaried workers from private companies, the public sector and decentralized firms. Over half the economically active population is completely excluded: these include farm workers and the informal sector with the least resources. A mere 24% of the population over 60 draws some sort of retirement pension, most of which are quite inadequate. Social security institutes have experienced deficiencies due to the country's economic and social problems. Various projections envisage sharp imbalances in two main areas; between active and retired workers and between the cost of maintaining retirees and the income obtained from salaries. These perspectives mean that modifications must be considered. The main change has occurred in the IMSS, which covers salaried workers in the private sector. It has shifted from a system of defined benefits to a system of defined contributions. This system will be unable to achieve an adequate percentage of salary replacement and most future pensions will be set at the minimum guaranteed level. This guaranteed level is paid for by public finances, which, together with the costs of transition, entail a vast burden for both those enrolled in the social security system and non-enrollees. In terms of economic activation, given the current internal savings of the social security system, the country's economy will be unable to convert these funds into productive investment. The problem warrants political, economic and social attention, together with long-term vision.


Early and Late Testament (1952)Early and Late Testament(Preamble)Time of Brightness(First Testament)(Second Testament)The Iron LandsDo I Know Their Names?For a Workers' Road-SongAll Day the Chill ...Will You Remake These Worlds?(Third Testament)A Coil of Glass (I)Anchorage in Time (I)(Fourth Testament)This War Is LoveA Coil of Glass (II)Hero Statues(Fifth Testament)Dialogue of the HeartbeatThe BridgeHeartbeat ObbligatoEnd of the Flower-World(Sixth Testament)Looking for PapaAmong Trees of LightCoasts of DarknessIn Strength of Singleness(Seventh Testament)It Was Never This Quiet ...When Was It Lost?WoodpeckerVoices in Dearness ...Song Aspires to SilenceAnchorage in Time (II)(Eighth Testament)Two Men Fell in the Irish SeaPoetry: The ArtOdes and LyricsTo a Young Girl SleepingInnocenceEvent in a FieldThe FearLight Outlives All ShapeMidnight: Deserted PavementsRandom Pieces of a ManWaiting in WinterOutcast of the WatersRestful GroundDriving SongWillowy WindThe Hollow RiverSecond-Hand PoemsAnonymous Alba: En un vergier soiz folha d'albespiOrleans: Le temps a laissie ...Spire: NuditesSpire: Ce n'est pas toi ...Spire: NativiteSpire: Un parfum eternel ...Spire: BaisersSpire: FriselisSpire: VolupteCaged in an Animal's Mind (1963)Thoughts about a GardenHistorical Song of Then and NowSummerRavel and BindCaged in an Animal's MindAncient of NightsSymbol CurseThe Valley BetweenThoughts about a GardenPetitioner DogsFather-StonesNight of the Canyon SunA Recurring VisionMidnight Wind to the TossedThe Axe of EdenListen:Random Pieces of a ManThoughts of the War and My DaughterA RiverSurfacePreparation for Self-Portrait in Black StoneMornings of St. CroixBoy over a StreamLetter from One Who Could Not Cross the FrontierVoyage: Journal EntryNightmare in a WorkshopA Rose SongGuide's Speech on a Road near DelphiSong of Nothings: In the Mountain's Shadow at DelphiI Think among Blank WallsSeedling AirThree in ThroesModes of BeliefHouse in St. PetersburgTime Is a Double LineSecond-Hand PoemsAkhmatova: The MuseGeorge: Denk nicht zu viel ...luard: L'AmoureuseVon Hofmannsthal: Eigene SpracheAlberti: El angel buenoIn the Terrified Radiance (1972)The Terrified RadianceThe Terrified RadianceTo a CrowInnocent WarGulls ...Central Park: MidwinterThe Finding LightErstwhile HunterTheir Singing River (I)Not to Bereave ...Underbreathing SongEmptiness ...ProcreationsWomen and MenMovie Poster on a Subway WallEnd of a VisitThe Echoing ShapeSummer Morning Train to the CityWomen and MenTalmudistWhat Plato WasSong of SuccessionEn l'an ...Dialogue of the Stone OtherIn the Coastal CitiesWill of ChoiceChanson InnocenteThe RockCondor FestivalThree FriendsWe Brought You Away As Before ...Friend across the OceanWildnessThe Hero of SilenceI. Dedication: An Eternity of WordsII. Master and PupilsIII. Soliloquy from a Window: Man and FlowersIV. Dialogue before WakingV. FumeVI. Into the Blond TorrentVII. The WakingSecond-Hand PoemsPaz: Ms alla del amorSpire: Retour des MartinetsAlberti: Cancion del angel sin suerteAlberti: El angel mentirosoVerhaeren: La BecheAkhmatova: from "The White Flock"Unamuno: Me destierro ...Mirages: Travel Notes in the Promised Land (1977)I. First LandscapeII. Generations of TerrorIII. Blind TaleIV. Seventh-day MirageV. The RockVI. TalmudistVII. Marching SongVIII. ChoicesLater Poems (1977- )Message to Someone Four Hundred Nights AwayThe House HollowFlorida SeasideOld Enough at Last to Be UnsolemnMind, If You Mourn at AllTo Wake Each DawnTheir Singing River (II)Speech, the Thinking-MiracleMan on a GreenswardSocial Poems of the Depression (from The New Masses and The Iron Land [1936])The Crane-DriverStreet Song: New StyleI, Jim RogersMr. Tubbe's Morning ServiceNotes on the PoemsSelected ProseMy Friend, My FatherStevens' "Mr. Burnshaw and the Statue"The Poem Itself: "Discussing Poems into English"Thomas Mann Translates "Tonio Kroger"A Future for Poetry: Planetary MaturityThe Seamless WebToward the "Knowable" FrostIndex of Poem Titles and First Lines


Taking the country libraries into the national public library net,and then building the information and service sharing system between them is an effective method to develop the country libraries.To ensure the effect of this system,the network platform building,the information source building and country users' self-service information ability development are all very important..


Observers of American life have seen a silver lining in the dark clouds that billowed from the Twin Towers and the Pentagon on September 11, 2001. Along with the horror wrought by the terrorist attacks came an outpouring of solidarity and patriotism—a sudden change of heart for many Americans who, prior to that fateful day, had seemed to be drifting inexorably toward individualism, self-absorption, and cynical disinterest in public affairs. As Stanley Greenberg (2001) aptly puts it, suddenly the "we" mattered more than the "me." People reached out to family members, neighbors, and friends, while proudly declaring their membership in the American national community.


Chapter 3 presents fingerings for the tenor flute, together with detailed suggestions for the minute embouchure adjustments possible for each fingering, and needed to create the best sound on each note of the instrument. Vibrato (as described in sixteenth-century treatises), articulation and its relationship to speech and language, and the ideal of the human voice as the model for all instrumentalists are also discussed.


history of pediatric neurology is not widely known, although it has been briefly discussed previously."2 Some will argue that it is too early to review this history since the subspecialty is still maturing, and many important pioneering physicians are still active. This con-siders the evolution of the subspecialty and the individuals involved, mentions the living only briefly to avoid unwitting offense. re-views of or the of the nervous system


An attitude estimating system for detecting the attitude in a short time without being affected by the brightness of an input image even with a small-scale hardware of low calculation capacity. The attitude estimating system comprises a matching image generating section for binarizing each pixel of an input image extracting a specified part with a set threshold value based on an image value within a specified coordinate range and obtaining a binary image by further specifying a component having a size within a set range, and a pattern matching section for detecting the attitude by collating the binary image obtained by specifying a component with a specified template.


Ultraviolet-visible (UV−vis), infrared transmission, reflection−absorption (RA), and fluorescence spectra have been measured for one-, three-, and nine-monolayer Langmuir−Blodgett (LB) films of an azobenzene-containing long-chain fatty acid (4-dodecyloxy-4'-(3-carboxytrimethyleneoxy)azobenzene, abbreviated 12A3H) at various temperatures to investigate dependences of phase transitions and annealing effects on the number of monolayers. The UV−vis spectra of the LB films have revealed that the fatty acid investigated forms H-aggregates in the LB films irrespective of the number of monolayers at room temperature. With a temperature increase the H-aggregate in the one-monolayer LB film gradually breaks into the monomers, while that in the three- and nine-monolayer LB films abruptly changes into the J-aggregate near 90 °C. These observations show that the one-monolayer LB film does not have a clear order−disorder transition, while the three-and nine-monolayer films have a phase transition near 90 °C. The infrar...


This review is an academic report used to provide recommendation and an in-depth look into The NOCCA Institute. The report includes an analysis of the organization's structure, programs, finances, and my internship activities; Spring Summer 2015. Additionally the report includes a SWOT Analysis and my recommendations based on the analysis and best practices of similar organizations.


The paper proposes an analytical model for the design and planning of Product Recovery Networks. The model has been validated through the analysis and implementation of a PRN for end-of-life refrigerators in the northern regions of Italy. The scope of the analysis is to evaluate the capacity and cost of the existing network, as well as its possible development in the near future to fulfil the requirements of the Directive 2002/96/EC on WEEE, determining the collection and complete treatment cost for refrigerator unit, identifying a set of plants (location, allocation and configuration) able to manage the target flow rate.


Due to the lack of suitable optical modulators, directly generated Pr3+- and Dy3+-doped bulk visible lasers are limited in the continuous-wave operation; yet, pulsed visible lasers are only sparingly reported recently. It has been theoretically predicated that Au nanorods could modulate the visible light operation, based on the nonlinear optical response of surface plasmon resonance. Here, we demonstrate the saturable absorption properties of Au nanorods in the visible region and experimentally realized the pulsed visible lasers over the spectral range of orange (605 nm), red (639 nm), and deep red (721 nm) with Au nanorods as the optical modulator. We show that Au nanorods have a broad nonlinear optical response and can serve as a type of broadband, low-cost, and eco-friendly candidate for optical switchers in the visible region. Our work also advocates the promise of plasmonic nanostructures for the development of pulsed lasers and other plasmonic devices.


Space is not only a place of international cooperation, but also a place for competition. The failures that accompanied the key player in the market, the United States, have recently stimulated NASA's ambitious commercial space program which has enabled a successful partnership with two American companies. This new business model should not only reduce the cost of flights, but also create a basis for further space exploration. In order to create sustainable economic growth in Russia, it seems necessary to develop the whole range of priority areas. One of the most promising is the rocket and space industry. The reasons are the large turnover, experience and unique technological competencies. We believe that Russia will succeed in case it activates internal reserves of a country and wisely uses global market opportunities. Technical and technological development of the rocket and space and related industries will strengthen the state's position in the world market and will enhance the international competitiveness of Russian enterprises. In this article, authors analyze the current state of the Russian and world space markets, evaluate the performance of RSC «Energia», formulate proposals for modernization of company's activities that will help Russia strengthen and expand its positions among the global players.


Device for automatic control of a track-bound vehicle, in particular a magnetic levitation vehicle, with along a guideway arranged, predetermined holding zones (A), a drive and brake system (4) for the vehicle with an auxiliary brake (9) on the vehicle, with an outside of the vehicle and stationarily arranged drive machine (5) for the drive and brake system (4), which is arranged along the travel path information transmitters (10) for providing state signals relating to the location, the speed and / or direction of travel of the vehicle and provided in the vehicle means for switching off the drive and braking system (4) and for switching on the auxiliary brake (9), when the scanning of the information transmitter (10) yields an unacceptable running condition for the vehicle, characterized in that the means (12, 29) for securely stopping and / or starting of the vehicle established to or from preselected target holding points (15) within the holding zones (A) and are configured such that when it reaches the unacceptable traveling state in the region of a holding zone (A) an immediate decoupling of the vehicle from the drive and brake system (4) without the feedback of a remote operating center is made to be seen.


Tempo in music is beats perceived by us in unit time. The tempo is measured as number of beats per minute (BPM) in a music clip.  This paper includes two algorithms used to measure tempo of music file. First one is an online musical beat tracking algorithm based on Kalman filtering(KF) with an enhanced probability data association (EPDA) method is proposed.  This beat tracking algorithm is built upon a linear dynamic model of beat progression, to which the Kalman filtering technique can be conveniently applied. The beat tracking performance can be seriously degraded by noisy measurements in the Kalman filtering process. Three methods are presented for noisy measurements selection. They are the local maximum (LM) method, the probabilistic data association (PDA) method and the enhanced PDA (EPDA) method. Also another algorithm called Tempo Detection Using a Hybrid Multiband Approach is used for calculating beats per minute. The model tracks the periodicities of different signal property changes that manifest within different frequency bands by using the most appropriate onset/transient detectors for each frequency band.


The morality evaluation of the students is an important part of the morality evaluation of the universities and colleges and an indispensable part of the ethics work of the universities and colleges. It is stated in the article that the evaluation of the students' morality should be according to "Citizen Ethics Implementation Outlines ", "moral education Outlines", the ethics structure of people and the ethics-forming rules. It is indicated that ethics evaluation should include these four aspects such as the politics character, mind character, moral character, law discipline character. It is also stated that the morality evaluation of the students is good for enhancing moral education, improving the students' comprehensive quality and achieving scientific moral education. 


As the pioneering research work on poetry schools in Tang Dynasty,Shi Ren Zhu Ke Tu with distinctive form and content has profound effect on later generations. However,Scholars have paid little attention to its literary position and value. It becomes necessary to summarize documents about Shi Ren Zhu Ke Tu so as to find both shortage and prospect of the previous researches.


This paper reviews the factors undermining a stabilization in vehicular emissions of CO2 in line with commitments made at the Rio Conference, 1992. Despite effective technologies to reduce such emissions, resistance to more fuel–efficient cars from manufacturers and consumers combined with increased usage means that no progress has been made as yet.


The European Community's (EC) pending requirement for a standard assessment of the causal association between a drug product and a reported drug‐associated event prompts a review of this aspect of pharmaceutical safety evaluation. Pharmaceutical manufacturers who use various methods, or no methods, may need to consider these EC definitions and their interpretation for evaluating their current procedures and planning any future changes. This paper first describes the EC classifications and their basis as one statement on the status of causality assessment in Europe. Reflecting the rather different view of causality assessment in North America, this paper then briefly reviews the evolution and uses of causality assessment over the last two decades. The controversies over causality are next discussed, followed by examination of the diverse uses of assessment by a pharmaceutical manufacturer or a regulator. Finally, the paper concludes with thoughts on applying causality concepts as tools for enhancing drug‐risk assessment.


Several measures of haemostasis and fibrinolysis were tested in 34 patients with cerebral haemorrhage and 47 patients with cerebral infarction within 11 days of the event. No significant differences w


The probabilities of the radiative transitions ν′1(3P1)–ν″0(1S1) and the radiative lifetimes of the resonant ν′1(3P1) states of the CdAr molecules as functions of the vibrational excitation degree were calculated using the effective Hamiltonian method and the semiempirical method of quasi-molecular term analysis.


Shearing an initially isotropic Langmuir film by a rotating disk can lead to an optical anisotropy at the interface. This induced anisotropy is related to a local in-plane molecular alignment due to the shearing and was experimentally observed using a monolayer based on a liquid crystal polyacrylate. The variation of the anisotropy versus shearing was modelized and measured by Brewster angle microscopy. The results reveal that the optical property of such a monolayer is similar to that of a two dimensional nematic liquid crystal.


Research was aimed to developed science learning with pemaknaan learning model on subject matter genetic substance through 4-D models to train moral sensitivity of Senior High School and tested on 15 students of SMAN 10 Samarinda with one group pretest-postest design. Analyzed by descriptive quantitative-qualitative and the result are: (1) Validity of the syllabus, lesson plans, worksheets, BAS, and THB very valid category (3,68); (2) practicality based on: a) Feasibility of instruction good category (88,89%), b) The response of students positively (98%); (3) Effectivness based on: a) The students' activities that stand out in the high category are paying attention to explanations, asking questions, holding discussions with groups to make sense, b) Moral sensitivity increase (N-Gain: quite-sensitive category). Conclusion of this research was science learning which developed based on pemaknaan learning model, feasible and can be used to train moral sensitivity of senior high school in genetic substance.


In the face of constantly progressing climate and environmental changes that lead to hydrological droughts and, in consequence, to permanent water deficiency, the administration and management of water resources have become priority elements of local policy in rural areas. New water management methods are based on numerous digital tools and solutions. They allow, for instance, the optimising of water consumption, or the accelerating and increasing in the effectiveness of communication with local communities. This governance model fits into the green economy. This paper presents digital tools and ways of using them for water management in rural communities. We assumed that a higher degree of the socio-economic development in rural communities affects the use of high technology in the local governance. According to surveys, suburban communities featuring a higher level of urbanisation more often invest in 'smart' technologies, reflected by a more rational management of water resources.


ABSTRACT: This paper explores the question of mentation and communication in the unborn using data from neurology, pediatrics, obstetrics, biochemistry, embryology, animal research, ultrasound studies, infant development, studies of autism, linguistics, kinesics, patient reports, family system theory, and studies of primitive mental states. It also includes a discussion on the pertinence of polysema and semiosis, non-verbal knowing, time sense, and the ambient prenatal psychological family to an understanding of prenatal experience. Countertransference resistances to studying mentation and communication in the unborn are examined, particularly relative to the issue of considering a psychological component in prenatal trauma. A review of these many areas of study provides documentation of the fact that there is more mentation and communication in the unborn than is generally believed to be the case. This lends credence to the idea that the dread of being aborted has its genesis in an intrauterine trauma involving the threat of being aborted, which is registered, remembered, and transferentially acted out symbolically in post natal life until analysis connects the presenting symptomatology to the underlying dread of being aborted, as has been demonstrated in the two cases presented in part I of this paper. A hypothesis is advanced whereby a threat of being aborted could be communicated to and registered in the unborn. The combined data from both part I and part II suggest that new models of therapy and of the mind are needed that include a consideration of prenatal mentation and communication. INTRODUCTION I have described in part I of this paper (Sonne, 1995) how connecting the word abortion to feelings of dread that had been previously attached to other entities such as tunnels, bridges and various everyday interpersonal situations resulted in major changes in two men, George and Richard. Each experienced a marked diminution of presenting symptomatology, a change in thinking processes, an enrichment of language ability, and the development of a more solid sense of presence and self-assertiveness. The dread previously attached to other elements ultimately turned out to be a dread of being, and a wish to be, aborted themselves. As a defense against this dread and wish each had a wish to abort, or sanction the abortion of, others. Prior to resolution of their abortion complexes, George and Richard's mental lives, although mature in many ways, possessed qualities of formlessness, timelessness, sameness, fusion and equilibrium, similar to that seen in borderline conditions and psychoses. They were drifting, alive but not alive. Both men had regarded themselves as incurable. Their symptoms had proved to be intractable despite years of analysis with myself and other analysts, and there was a long delay before their feelings of dread were connected with the word abortion. The dramatic positive changes and the rapid disappearance of intractable symptoms in George and Richard when their abortion dynamics were explored raises many important theoretical questions about prenatal mentation and communication which will be addressed in this paper through examination of studies from multiple disciplines which are applicable to furthering our understanding of the biopsychosocial life of the unborn. I shall discuss various impediments, including countertransfence resistances, that have interfered with expanding our knowledge of the prenatal period of development. A hypothesis will be advanced to explain how an intrauterinely experienced threat of being aborted could be communicated to the unborn, producing a physical and psychological traumatic insult which results, among other consequences, in the registration of a dread of being aborted, at that time unnamed as such. The study of prenatal experiences, which might be called the study of psychoembryology, presents scientists with a challenge equivalent to the physicist's study of outer space and the origin of the universe. …


In this article we present a clarification of the problem of intentionality that combines the psychologistic and phenomenological-logical traditions, but at the same time is naturalistic. Laird Addis's theory of intentionality, which we try to reconstruct here, falls into this category. He explains intentionality by using Ockham's concept of a natural sign. Such a sign is a property of a mental act. According to Addis, there are important arguments for the existence of such signs: (1) scientific (behavior varies according to what a person thinks - this implies the existence of properties of mental states), (2) phenomenological (through natural signs we find a justification for our certainty regarding the characteristics of our states of consciousness), and (3) dialectic (referring to the common sense fact that there is an unconventional, natural, and stable representation).


We introduce a numerical method for the numerical solution of the Lur'e equations, a system of matrix equations that arises, for instance, in linear‐quadratic infinite time horizon optimal control. We focus on small‐scale, dense problems. Via a Cayley transformation, the problem is transformed to the discrete‐time case, and the structural infinite eigenvalues of the associated matrix pencil are deflated. The deflated problem is associated with a symplectic pencil with several Jordan blocks of eigenvalue 1 and even size, which arise from the nontrivial Kronecker chains at infinity of the original problem. For the solution of this modified problem, we use the structure‐preserving doubling algorithm. Implementation issues such as the choice of the parameter γ in the Cayley transform are discussed. The most interesting feature of this method, with respect to the competing approaches, is the absence of arbitrary rank decisions, which may be ill‐posed and numerically troublesome. The numerical examples presented confirm the effectiveness of this method. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


Background and objective After a large-scale natural disaster, the lack of supply and unfair distribution of relief items can cause high human casualties and hinder the function of the humanitarian supply chain. Therefore, this study aims to present a framework based on mathematical modeling for the proper distribution of relief items among the affected areas in Tehran. Method In this study, mathematical modeling was used for the distribution of relief items in a humanitarian supply chain at two high and low levels. For this purpose, a multi-purpose and multi-level humanitarian supply chain was first developed. The proposed model had three objective functions that were solved by the weighted sum method. Results According to the results, with the decrease in the supply parameter, the amount of unmet demand increased, and there was a shortage of essential items in all periods. This shortage affected the desirability of distribution among recipients and had a negative effect on the performance of the humanitarian supply chain and fair distribution. On the other hand, with the increase in supply parameter, there was a surplus of items, and considering the time window, there may be no demand for some food items, which can lead to their spoilage. In this case, an additional cost is imposed on the chain. Conclusion The proposed model is suitable in the event of natural disasters locally in urban areas of Tehran (with a certain number of residents). The results of this study can be useful for managers to make appropriate decisions after disasters and control the situation.


An externally pre-stressed continuous box girder bridge is designed according to loading features of the continuous beam. The CFRP bars and steel strands are used to make two models for externally pre-stressed reinforcements at the supporting points. CFRP reinforcement area of Model 1 at the supporting point is 1/2 of steel strand externally pre-stressed reinforcements of model 2 at the supporting points. After the calculation, we can find that under effects of the same tension control stress and the external loads, mechanical effects of the continuous box girder bridges with CFRP bars can be equal to or better than performances of continuous box girder bridges with steel strands. They can provide references to applications of CFRP bar.


IN THE PLANNING AND DESIGN of electric generation systems for aircraft there is always the need for reduction in weight, volume, maintenance, and rebuilding costs. There is also the need for improvements in performance; i.e., better voltage and frequency control and higher efficiency. A system design is important which will improve reliability by reducing unpredictable failures through fewer and more reliable parts, especially those subject to wear.


The main purpose of this paper is to study the existence theorem for a common solution to a class of nonlinear three-point implicit boundary value problems of impulsive fractional differential equations. In this respect, we study the fuzzy version of some essential common fixed-point results from metric spaces in the newly introduced notion of complex valued fuzzy metric spaces. Also, we provide an illustrative example to demonstrate the validity of our derived results.


This article focuses on the success of the U.S. Department of Transportation Office of Small and Disadvantaged Business Utilization (OSDBU). It describes how the OSBDU offers various programs to promote the awareness of projects and to provide assistance to small disadvantaged and women-owned businesses. Examples of firms that have capitalized on their experiences are given.


The two planting densities (3.5 m × 3.5 m and 5 m × 5 m) as main plot and four apricot varieties (CITH-Apricot-1, CITH-Apricot-2, Harcot and Erani) as sub-plot treatment were laid out in split plot design with three replication. Experimental results clearly indicated that maximum trunk cross-sectional area (TCSA) of tree (118.38 cm2), fruit number (2,044), fruit weight (56.43 g), fruit size (4.87 cm × 5.06 cm) and yield (118.68 kg/tree), stone weight (3.50 g), stone size (2.59 cm × 2.24 cm), kernel weight (1.13 g) and size (1.66 cm × 1.39 cm), TSS (15.90°Brix) and leaf N,P,K content (1.17, 0.149, 1.69%) were recorded at wider spacing 5 m × 5 m. Whereas, fruit yield per hectare (52.05 t/ha) and acidity (0.71%) was maximum in closer plant spacing (3.5 m × 3.5 m) in main plot treatment. Among variety, maximum trunk cross-sectional area, fruit weight, size, fruit yield, TSS and leaf NPK contents were recorded in CITH-Apricot-1. However, fruit number, stone weight, size, kernel weight, size and acidity were recorded in CITH-Apricot-2. TSS/acid ratio was highest in Harcot.


The aim of this study was to develop an improved technology for ridge-stepped ploughing of slopes and plow, which protects the soil from water erosion, improves the accumulation and preservation of soil moisture. The paper proposes an effective method for ridge-stepped ploughing of slopes, including the alternation of layer's incomplete rotation with its full rotation within its furrow by 1800 in combination with the band subsoil loosening. A technological model of a ridge-stepped ploughing with simultaneous subarable strip loosening was developed. The design of the developed plow for ridge-stepped ploughing is highlighted. During the study the followings were theoretically and experimentally established: with a longitudinal distance between the hulls of 50 cm, the required qualitative incomplete turnover of the layers with the lowest energy costs is provided with the following plow's parameters of the odd hulls: plow length is 75 cm, plow width is 25 cm, stabilizing plate height is 15 cm, and the minimum distance from the ploughshare toe to the stabilizing plate is 25 cm.


This paper has three main goals. First, we study fixed subgroups of automorphisms of right-angled Artin and Coxeter groups. If φ is an untwisted automorphism of a RAAG, or an arbitrary automorphism of a RACG, we prove that Fixφ is finitely generated and undistorted. Up to replacing φ with a proper power, we show that Fixφ acts properly and cocompactly on a convex subcomplex of the universal cover of the Salvetti/Davis complex. Thus, Fixφ is a special group in the sense of Haglund–Wise. By contrast, there exist "twisted" automorphisms of RAAGs for which Fixφ is finitely generated but not of type F (hence not special), of type F but distorted, or even infinitely generated. Secondly, we introduce the notion of "coarse-median preserving" automorphism of a coarse median group, which plays a key role in the above results. We show that automorphisms of RAAGs are coarse-median preserving if and only if they are untwisted. On the other hand, all automorphisms of Gromov-hyperbolic groups and right-angled Coxeter groups are coarse-median preserving. Finally, we show that, for every special group G (in the sense of Haglund–Wise), every infiniteorder, coarse-median preserving outer automorphism of G can be realised as a homothety of a finite-rank median space X equipped with a "moderate" isometric G–action. This generalises the classical result, due to Paulin, that every infinite-order outer automorphism of a hyperbolic group H projectively stabilises a small H–tree.


The purpose of this study is to find how frontline workers' multidimensional sense of humor influences their self-esteem, burnout, and job satisfaction. Multidimensional sense of humor consists of the following six dimensions: appreciation humor, creative humor, public relations humor, coping humor, manner humor, and smiles tendency. The study confirms the development of the "Multidimensional Sense of Humor" scale designed to measure frontline workers' individual difference in the sense of humor. The valid sample is 472. The Cronbach's α of the scale is .93, and subscale is around .70 to .89. The results also showed the scale has stable construct validity. The results also found that frontline workers with higher appreciation humor and coping humor have higher self-esteem and lower burnouts. Furthermore, frontline workers with higher appreciation humor and manner humor have higher job satisfaction. According to the above results, we find appreciation humor is the key factor in frontline workers' working attitudes.


In article the imbalance of economic interests in modern economy of Russia is opened, its determinants of subjective and objective character are revealed. The mechanism of harmonization of economic interests of managing subjects in the conditions of realization of majestic economic policy is offered


Background: In DH seems to be present a deficit of the surfactant system. We study the effects of the surfactant therapy on oxygenation, in neonates with DH.


It is demonstrated that implicit constraints of the form G( theta )=0 can be incorporated into the Cramer-Rao lower bound. Constraints on the estimator restrict the local movement of the estimator theta (X) under statistical fluctuation in the observation vector X. A modified Cramer-Rao bound can be obtained by incorporating these restrictions into the formulation of the unconstrained bound. Conversely, when the parameter is constrained, the observation vector X is only allowed to vary according to the probability distribution F/sub theta /, where theta is confirmed to the constraint set. The Fisher information matrix for the case of a constrained parameter can be written as a projection of the unconstrained Fisher matrix onto a subspace defined by the constraint. Conditions under which an estimator achieves the lower bound for constrained estimation are derived, and an example of an estimator that achieves the bound for the linear Gaussian problem is presented.<<ETX>>


Spatial data users need to know about the availability and usability of the data. Therefore, metadata are important. The meaning of metadata grows in the context of interoperability in networked geo-information systems. In order to integrate heterogeneous spatial data, it is necessary to label the latter with metadata. The concept of enhancing spatial data so that they contain their own metadata would diminish the work of updating two separate data sets and thus obtain a better data quality and less redundancy between metadata and spatial data. In order to be able to integrate different data sets the formal descriptions of the different data schemas (data models) for every data source must exist and be used to map the different metadata and spatial data models to each other. This concept was tested on three different examples from different information communities and modelled in different Modelling languages. General rules for spatial data-metadata integration were created based on the case study experiences for object-oriented modelling languages and relational modelling languages. Furthermore, a tool was developed, which assists modellers who plan common spatial data and metadata sets from the beginning and the general rules were implemented to assist a modeller. Thus, the concept of integrating spatial data and metadata proved to be feasible and further developments for supporting tools are planned.


To investigate the optimal preparation technique of ultrasound on the extraction of Coriolus versicolor polysacchrides.Orthogonal method was used in this shudy with Coriolus versicolor polysacchrides content for indices.The suitable preparation technique:powder with water(1:20) for 15min(×2).Conclusion: the method of ultrasonic extraction is advisable.


This paper presents the importance of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) as a tool for sustainable economic development. Access to skills, information and technology, particularly in rural areas acts as a conduit for the growth and prosperity of Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs), who make up the lion share of businesses in the developing world. Increased access to ICT by SMEs has an impact on productivity, innovative capacity and the ability to generate profit. The paper showcases the United Nations Industrial Development Organisation's (UNIDO) award winning Business Information Centre (BIC) model, currently functioning in Uganda. A description of the methodology used, achievements, challenges, future perspectives and recommendations is given. Additionally, the paper touches upon UNIDO's holistic approach to addressing the issue of the lifecycle of computers in Uganda.


Abstract Emerged Salvelinus fontinalis (brook trout) and landlocked Salmo salar (Atlantic salmon) fry of 2–4 cm total length (TL) are morphologically similar. Size at emergence, parr marks, maxillary bone length, and fin ray numbers are highly similar until fry of these species exceed 4 cm TL. Emerged brook trout and landlocked Atlantic salmon fry were examined for characteristics that would permit rapid and reliable field or laboratory identification. Relative pectoral fin length ratio (PECT/TL) provides the most robust measure separating the species in this study. Landlocked Atlantic salmon fry have a significantly larger PECT/TL than brook trout fry. Emergent fry with a PECT/TL ratio greater than 0.16 were classified as landlocked Atlantic salmon while fry with a PECT/TL ratio of less than or equal to 0.16 were classified as brook trout.


Seven hundred and seven forest stands dominated by Quercus, Carya, and Castanea species from 32 states in eastern North America were classified into eight forest community types; (1) Pinus palustris-Quercus laevis sandhill community, (2) southern mixed hardwoods, (3) Quercus alba, (4) Quercus prinus, (5) Quercus stellataQuercus marilandica, (6) Quercus macrocarpa-Quercus muehlenbergii, (7) Pinus rigidaQuercus coccinea pine barrens, and (8) Castanea dentata. Several of the above may be represented by several phases. No real evidence was found for a regional oak-hickory forest. A better designation would be oak or mixed oak forests for what formerly has been called oak-hickory forests.


It is not uncommon in time travel stories to find that the mechanism by which the time travel is achieved is not invented. A time traveller could journey to his/her own past and give the designs of the time travel machine to his/her earlier self as s/he was given the designs as a younger person. These designs never get thought up by anyone. Such a situation would conflict with the usual conception of the acquisition of knowledge. This situation is called the Temporal Epistemic Anomaly and would arise if knowledge is gained at a time prior to the information in question being transmitted but is not discovered or invented at any time. This article examines the implications of information propagating around a causal chain that is closed in time (which is required to create the Anomaly) and whether this information need have a specific origin point.


Talent is the summit of comprehensive national power.The base of training talent lies in education.Physical education has its unique role in talent training.Teachers paly an important role in physical education.It is the quality improvement of physical teachers that determines the accomplishment of reform and development in physical education.


We evaluated the discrepancy of endophenotypic performance between probands with schizophrenia and unaffected siblings by paternal age at proband birth, a possible marker for de novo mutations. Pairs of schizophrenia probands and unaffected siblings ( N ¼ 220 pairs) were evaluated on 11 neuropsycho- logical or neurophysiological endophenotypes previously identi fi ed as heritable. For each endophenotype, the sibling-minus-proband differences were transformed to standardized scores. Then for each pair, the average discrepancy was calculated from its standardized scores. We tested the hypothesis that the discrepancy is associated with paternal age, controlling for the number of endophenotypes shared between proband and his or her sibling, and proband age, which were both associated with paternal age. The non-signi fi cant association between the discrepancy and paternal age was in the opposite direction from the hypothesis. Of the 11 endophenotypes only sensori-motor dexterity was signi fi cant, but in the opposite direction. Eight other endophenotypes were also in the opposite direction, but not signi fi cant. The results did not support the hypothesized association of increased differences between sibling/ proband pairs with greater paternal age. A possible explanation is that the identi fi cation of heritable endophenotypes was based on samples for which schizophrenia was attributable to inherited rather than de novo/non-inherited causes. vs. simplex family status. Of these, we included the variables that were signi fi cantly associated with average discrepancy in sibling/proband pairs for the shared endophenotypes. We did not consider proband's years of education, since it may be substantially associated with age at onset and the course of the disorder. An additional analysis evaluated the quadratic model for proband's paternal age, by testing the quadratic component.


Carbon and carbon nitride (CN) films were prepared under ultrahigh vacuum condition by ion beam deposition using isotopically mass-separated, energetic (50–400 eV) negative 12C2− and 12C14N− ions, respectively. The optical properties as well as structures and chemical composition of the films have been characterized and discussed as a function of the kinetic energy of C2− and CN− ions. The structures of carbon and CN films in this study were hydrogen-free amorphous carbon (a-C) like. The N/C composition ratio of the CN films was N/C∼0.4, although the arrival ratio of N/C was N/C=1. The CN film properties depended weakly on kinetic energy of CN− ions, while on a-C films there were kinetic energy dependence of C2− ions of optical constant observed.


Aimed at the development features for low permeability oilfields, based on the optimized calculating result of single well fracturing horizontal well, for effective reservoir recovery of individual well , 3 kinds adaptable well patterns such as reverse five-spot horizontal well, anamorphic reverse nine-spot horizontal well and vertical well were optimized from 12 kinds of different well patterns combined with reservoir simulation for given low permeability reservoirs. The method could provide advisable development program of well patterns for low permeability reservoirs. It provides a rational program of well pattern arrangement for horizontal well development for low permeability reservoir.


The aim of this study is the analysis of long-term results of surgery for vascular airway compression. Out of those operated within last 14 years at our institution, thirty two have a longer than five years follow up, being now 9.1 +/- 3.0 years following surgery. All are in excellent clinical condition. One quarter of patients show occasional stridor and one third frequent respiratory infections. Eighty percent have some lung function abnormality, 72% features of central airways obstruction. Pulmonary perfusion scintigraphy demonstrated in 19% asymmetric pulmonary blood flow. Magnetic resonance imaging showed relationship between vessels and airways. Although long-term outcome of surgery for vascular airway compression is excellent, high percentage of pathologic lung functions is of concern and substantiates the need for close long-term follow-up.


The solution of the title problem is often approximated by the temperature distribution in a flat plate due to an array of periodically placed heat sources, where the curvature of the pipe is neglected. Here, using an asymptotic expansion in terms of the thickness to radius ratio, linear corrections to the flat plate solution are obtained explicitly. Results indicate that these corrections may be significant depending, of course, on the above small parameter and the speed of the moving source. Introduction. There are a number of important engineering problems in which the temperature distributions due to heat sources moving with respect to the medium play a significant role. In calculating the residual stresses in circumferential welds the effect of the weld torch is often modeled as a moving heat source. Wells [1,2] used the solution given in Carslaw and Jaegar [3] for a point source moving on top of a flat plate to study residual stresses in butt-welded plates. This approach was extended to cylindrical pipes by Vaidyanathan et al. [4,5] by conceptually flattening the cylinder into a plate and using an array of sources marching on the plate. This way the periodic appearance of the source at the starting point is taken into account. However, two other features of the original problem are neglected. One of these is the effect of the curvature of the pipe and the other is the fact that a circular pipe, unlike a plate, does not reach a steady state if there is no heat loss from its surface. Our objective here is to obtain the effect of curvature of the pipe and as in the previous studies [4,5], we neglect the transient effects. For this purpose, the solution of the steady state heat conduction equation in moving coordinates applicable for a circular, hollow cylinder is sought in the form of an asymptotic series with the cylinder thickness to the outer radius ratio as a small parameter, e. Only linear terms in this expansion are presented here. Although higher-order terms may be obtained using the formulation given below, the complexity of the algebra makes it less rewarding as an approach for the solution for thick cylinders. ' Received January 4, 1984. ©1986 Brown University


ABSTRACT In this paper we critically examine the research landscape in South Africa. We do this by documenting the progression and transformation of the country's National Research Foundation (NRF)-rated researchers from 2005 to 2015. Results indicate that most NRF-rated researchers in South Africa are white and male but this trend is slowly changing with black Africans increasingly becoming rated. Significantly, the data indicate a clustering at the C-rating category and a paucity of black Africans at the highest A- and B-rating category. Explanations for the results are provided and future trends are discussed in the context of the recent dramatic scale-back of the Incentive Funding for Rated Researchers Programme (IFRRP) – an NRF programme which provided guaranteed funding annually to NRF-rated researchers for the duration of their rating (usually five years). The consequences of the withdrawal of this vital funding lifeline is unpacked in the context of an increasingly competitive global research environment.


Traditional administrative culture is both advantageous and disadvantageous in the development of autonomous local government in western Yunnan.Therefore,a law and service-oriented and open administrative culture should be constructed in the transformation of traditional administrative culture in autonomous areas in western Yunnan so as to realize a rapid and sound development of the local government.


SummaryAmong the most disturbing images from the Great War are the close-up photographs of wounded soldiers. The medical photography of severely wounded soldiers is unknown and unseen in New Zealand's Great War historiography. An examination of the Macalister Archive held at Queen Mary's Hospital, Sidcup, Kent, enables a deeper understanding of the suppressed discourse of trauma in the First World War. The archive holds the records of 295 New Zealand soldiers who underwent reconstructive plastic surgery for extensive facial injuries. These photographic records enclose a world of bodily trauma and wartime horror. This archive, together with the Gillies Archive, documents the case-histories of Allied soldiers who underwent reconstructive plastic surgery for facial injuries incurred on the Western Front. Their historic significance as medical documents recording and cataloguing facial injuries and surgical results is assured. But their importance should transcend medical history. They represent a crucial punctuation point in the iconography of this war; one which brings us eyeball-to-eyeball with the wounded. But the resurfacing of hitherto unknown representations of horror raises other, equally complex issues: most importantly, it tells us something about the way in which war memory is contained.


The aims of this research were to examine the vitamin C content found in fresh and processed moringa trees and to know the method/ stage used to analyze the vitamin C content found in fresh and processed moringa trees. This research uses two methods namely spectrophotometric method and iodometry titration method. Initial stage prepare the sample of moringa, which were moringa leaf, moringa stem and moringa seed.  The results showed that at the wavelength of 600 nm and after the iodometric titration, all the moringa samples (leaves, stems and seeds) contain vitamin C. Both of this two methods, spectrophotometry and iodometric titration, is able to analysis vitamin C in Morianga trees.


The present invention relates to a moisture removal pretreatment apparatus, a moisture removal pretreatment method, and a monitoring system to which the pretreatment apparatus is applied. [0001] The present invention relates to a pretreatment apparatus for removing moisture in off-gas before flowing the off-gas into a gas sensor side in a monitoring system for monitoring off-gas discharged from an aeration tank, A thermoelectric element including a cold part and a heating part on the other side; An inlet pipe provided on the cooling / heating unit side for cooling off-flowing offgas; A discharge pipe connected to the inflow pipe and provided on the side of the heating unit to discharge the cooled off gas to the gas sensor side; And a water discharge pipe disposed at one side of the connection end between the inlet pipe and the discharge pipe and separating moisture in the off-gas formed by the cooling and heating unit.


Through choosing of explants,comparison of hormone formulation and treating methods,selection of nutrient concentration supplied and culturing mode,improvement of structure and function of NFT incubator,cutting seedling NFT technique system of Huperzia serrata(Thunb.) Trev.was developed: stem tips+IBA1 000 mg/L 30 min soaking+1/8 MS inorganic nutrients + 98 days NFT culture.Cuttings rooting rate and survival rate reached 98% and 93%~98%,respectively.Technical foundation for sustainable utilization of Huperzia serrata(Thunb.) Trev.resources was established by cutting all the stem tips as cutting seedling explants when harvest,medicinal material yield under artificial cultivation and seedling explants were both guaranteed.


Endothelial cell activation and dysfunction are hallmark features of Acute Lung Injury and Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ALI/ARDS). Caveolin‐1 (Cav‐1) is highly expressed in pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells (PMVECs) and plays a key role in maintaining vascular homeostasis. The aim of this study was to determine whether the lung inflammatory response to endotoxin promotes PMVEC Cav‐1 depletion and appearance of Cav‐1 positive circulating extracellular vesicles (Cav‐1+ EVs) and whether this contributes to ALI.


The experiment was conducted with the objective to evaluate quality lost of Gala apples during refrigerated air storage. Three sizes of apples: 100 apples/40Lbs box, 130 apples/box, and 200 apples/box were sampled every two weeks during 90 days of storage in the first year, 144 days in the second year, and 211 days in the third year. Samples of 20 to 30 apples were evaluated for weight lost, fruit firmness, total soluble solids (TSS) and titratable acidity. The best correlations with the storage period were obtained with fruit firmness and titratable acidity. The smallest apple sizes had the highest indices of quality lost with the exception for fruit firmness.


The comparative estimation morphofunctional conditions of adrenal glands of the person is carried out in case of death from a poisoning by ethyl spirit, the common overcooling of an organism and at a mechanical trauma. Morphological differences of response on some parameters of morphofunctional conditions of adrenal glands are revealed. On the basis of logistical regression analysis the formula with which use it is possible to differentiate the direct reason of death in difficult cases when at research of a corpse attributes of action of external factors are found out is developed, each of which independently could result in death: the common overcooling, an alcoholic intoxication, a mechanical trauma.


This note is concerned with a control problem of designing a cascade compensator which minimizes the effect of the disturbance inputs or the weighted sensitivity H^{\infty} -norm on the plant output subject to the constraint of a sensor-noise characteristic or robust stability of the closed-loop system. Lower and upper bounds are presented.


Objective: to analyze the effect of reading an educational booklet about sickle cell disease related to family members' knowledge. Methods: quasi-experimental study, with 20 children ́s family members with sickle cell disease. A form was used before and 30 days after medical consultation (preand post-test). The booklet was given to the family member on the day of the consultation. Analysis was performed using Statistical Package for the Social Science version 20 with the Shapiro-Wilk, Student's t, McNemar's chi-square and Odds Ratio statistical tests. Results: all participants were female, mostly mothers aged 20 to 30 years with high school education. The analysis revealed increase in the number of correct answers after reading the booklet with statistical significance (p<0.001). Conclusion: the reading of the booklet and the strategies used to encourage it contributed to increase the knowledge of family members about some disease aspects, enabling them to better deal with this disease. Descriptors: Anemia, Sickle Cell; Educational Technology; Health Education; Child; Family. RESUMO Objetivo: analisar o efeito da leitura de uma caderneta educativa sobre doença falciforme relacionada com o conhecimento de familiares. Métodos: estudo quase-experimental, com 20 familiares de crianças com doença falciforme. Utilizou-se um formulário antes e 30 dias depois da consulta médica (pré e pós-teste). A caderneta foi entregue ao familiar no dia da consulta. A análise foi realizada através do Statistical Package for the Social Science versão 20 com os testes estatísticos Shapiro-Wilk, t de Student, Qui-Quadrado de McNemar e Odds Ratio. Resultados: todos os participantes eram do sexo feminino, a maioria, mães de 20 a 30 anos com ensino médio. A análise revelou aumento do número de acertos após leitura da caderneta com significância estatística (p<0,001). Conclusão: a leitura da caderneta e as estratégias utilizadas para o seu incentivo contribuíram para o aumento do conhecimento dos familiares sobre alguns aspectos da doença, capacitando-os para lidar melhor com essa enfermidade. Descritores: Anemia Falciforme; Tecnologia Educacional; Educação em Saúde; Criança; Família. *Extracted from the thesis"Elaboração e validação de caderneta de orientação em saúde para familiares de crianças com Doença Falciforme", Universidade Estadual do Ceará, 2018. 1Universidade Estadual do Ceará. Fortaleza, CE, Brazil. Corresponding author: Sarah Vieira Figueiredo Av. Dr. Silas Munguba 1700 – Itaperi CEP: 60714-903, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil. E-mail: email@example.com EDITOR IN CHIEF: Viviane Martins da Silva ASSOCIATE EDITOR: Renan Alves Silva Sarah Vieira Figueiredo1 Thereza Maria Magalhães Moreira1 Daniella Barbosa Campos1 Edna Maria Camelo Chaves1 Ilvana Lima Verde Gomes1 How to cite this article: Figueiredo SV, Moreira TMM, Campos DB, Chaves EMC, Gomes ILV. Effect of reading an educational booklet about sickle cell disease on family members' knowledge. Rev Rene. 2021;22:e61458. DOI: https://doi.org/10.15253/2175-6783.20212261458 Figueiredo SV, Moreira TMM, Campos DB, Chaves EMC, Gomes ILV Rev Rene. 2021;22:e61458. 2 Introduction Sickle cell diseases are characterized by the presence of red blood cells that assume a different conformation, rigid and sickle-shaped, reducing their flexibility and the adequate blood flow in the vessels, which generates complications in several organs and tissues(1-2). These diseases contribute to the low quality of life and increased morbidity and mortality of children and young adults worldwide, and the most vulnerable group is children up to five years of age, the period in which the onset of sickle cell crises occurs(3). In this case, family members become involved with multiple health care and monitoring, necessary for disease control. A study developed in India with family members of a child with sickle cell disease revealed that the parents' knowledge and skills are relevant for childcare, due to early perception of crisis situations. The more direct and conscious participation of these caregivers may reduce the morbidity and mortality associated with this disease(3), but national and international literature have identified the low population knowledge about sickle cell disease(4-6). In order to contribute to changing this reality by using tools that facilitate family members' understanding about sickle cell disease and care necessary to prevent its crises, a booklet on the subject was developed and validated in 2018, in printed and digital format, as support to family members. This technology is the only existing one for health education for family members of children with sickle cell disease in Portuguese and has undergone a rigorous process of creation and validation of content and appearance by expert judges and target audience(7), being chosen for the development of the present research. Based on these considerations, we aimed to analyze the effect of reading an educational booklet about sickle cell disease related to family members' knowledge.


Meshless methods for solving differential equations have become a promising alternative to the finite element and boundary element methods. In this paper, an improved meshless collocation method is presented for use with either moving least square (MLS) or compactly supported radial basis functions (RBFs). A new technique referred to as an indirect derivative method is developed and compared with the direct derivative technique used for evaluation of second-order derivatives and higher-order derivatives of the MLS and RBF shape functions at the field point. As the derivatives are obtained from a local approximation (MLS or compact support RBFs), the new method is computationally economical and efficient. Neither the connectivity of mesh in the domain/boundary nor integrations with fundamental/particular solutions is required in this approach. The accuracy of the two techniques to determine the second-order derivative of shape function is assessed. The applications of meshless method to two-dimensional elastostatic and elastodynamic problems have been presented and comparisons have been made with benchmark analytical solutions. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


A self-consistent effective field theory of modified gravity has recently been proposed with spontaneous breaking of local Lorentz invariance. The symmetry is broken by a vector field with the wrong-sign mass term and it has been shown to have additional graviton modes and modified dispersion relations. In this paper we study the evolution of a homogeneous and isotropic universe in the presence of such a vector field with a minimum lying along the timelike direction. A plethora of different regimes is identified, such as accelerated expansion, loitering, collapse, and tracking.


Furan carboxylic acids are useful chemicals in various industries. In this work, biocatalytic production of furan carboxylic acids was reported with high productivities by cofactor‐engineered Escherichia coli cells. NADH oxidase (NOX) was introduced into E. coli harboring aldehyde dehydrogenases (ALDHs) to promote intracellular NAD+ regeneration, thus significantly enhancing ALDH‐catalyzed oxidation. These engineered biocatalysts were capable of efficient aerobic oxidation of a variety of aromatic aldehydes. More importantly, they exhibited high substrate tolerance toward toxic furans. E. coli co‐expressing vanillin dehydrogenase and NOX (E. coli_CtVDH1_NOX) enabled efficient oxidation of 250 mM of 5‐hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) to 5‐hydroxymethyl‐2‐furancarboxylic acid (HMFCA), providing a productivity of 3.7 g/L h. With E. coli_CtVDH2_NOX as catalyst, up to 240 mM of furfural and 5‐methoxymethylfurfural (MMF) could be smoothly oxidized. 2‐Furoic acid (FCA, 227 mM) and 5‐methoxymethyl‐2‐furancarboxylic acid (MMFCA, 287 mM) were produced in fed‐batch synthesis, providing the productivities of 2.0 and 5.6 g/L h, respectively.


Two species groups of schizomids occur in California and Arizona. Their low vagility and inability to disperse through suboptimal areas make their present distribution largely a product of the geologic and climatic events since the Miocene. The relictual nature of most schizomid populations testifies to the vicis- situdes of the northerly latitudes during the Pleistocene and Recent epochs for these Neotropical-Tertiary and Madro-Tertiary representatives. The arachnid order Schizomida contains about 75 species, mainly tropical; however a few taxa are present in temperate areas in Cali- fornia and Arizona. Little is known of the feeding habits of schizomids, but they prob- ably prey upon small invertebrates throughout life. Six instars occur in a period of 2-3 years. Schizomid habitats are characteristically moist and dark. These arachnids are extremely sensitive to dessica- tion and therefore inhabit leaf litter and cavities beneath rocks and logs where adequate moisture is present. Moist habitats become scarce in California in late spring and schizomids decrease in abundance at this time, likely retreating into the soil until autumn rains arrive. This habit enables temperate schizomids to survive in a macroclimate quite different from that of the humid tropics. The low vagility and inability of schizomids to disperse through suboptimal areas may account for their geographic distribution. They lack any secondary means of travel, such as phoresy, ballooning, resistant eggs, parasitism or other means employed by archnids. A few species, such as Trithyreus joshuensis Rowland (1971), and T. borregoensis Briggs and Hom (1966), are found in very restricted habitats. Both species are limited to small desert palm oases. Other California taxa such as an undescribed subspecies of T. pentapeltis (Cook, 1899) and T. belkini McDonald and Hogue (1957) range more widely. These occur in many locations in mountain foothills and canyons at low elevations. The highest elevation recorded for schizo- mids in California is for T. joshuensis at about 2400 ft. Snow occasion- ally falls here and summer temperatures are very high. This climate


The dendrological part of the forest fund, which is located in sq. 32 of the Volodymyrsky Arboretum of Gutyanske Forestry and is administratively located on the territory of Muraf Village Council of Krasnokutsky District of Kharkiv Region, at a distance of 12 km northeast of the village of Krasnokutsk. The subjects for the study were written and cartographic materials about the object of research, as well as the results of field surveys of the arboretum. The research was conducted by the method of sub-tree inventory in accordance with the instructions for the inventory of plantations. Field-Map technology was used in the research. According to existing information, the total area of Volodymyrsky Arboretum is about 7.0 hectares. After studying the historical and cartographic materials, as well as the study of the territory, we established the actual balance of the territory. The total area of the arboretum is 6.56 ha, and 4.83 ha (or 73.6 %) are covered with trees and shrubs, and 1.73 ha (or 26.4 %) are not covered and are used as roads (paths, roads) and as areas for walking and recreation. The predominant tree species in the Volodymyrsky Arboretum is Pinus sylvestris L. Its plantations of artificial origin of 50-60 year old with shrub undergrowth cover an area of 0.28 ha, and natural seed plants of 8-12 year old – 3.35 ha, which together is 3.63 ha, or 51 % of the arboretum area. Spruce (Picea abies (L) Karst) occupies 0.28 ha, or 4.3 % of the arboretum area and grows in the curtain N 18 alley. Alleys of larch (Japanese) (Larix kaempferi) (curtain N 19) is located on an area of 0.23 ha, or 3.5 %, and the alley of western thuja (Thuja occidentalis L.) (curtain N 20) – 0.12 ha. Common oak (Quercus robur L.) is represented by two curtains (N 7 and 21) and covers an area of 0.22 ha, or 3.4 % of the arboretum area; red oak (Quercus rubra L.) (curtain N 11) – 0.12 ha. Other species occupy a small area or are represented by single specimens. As a result of research and analysis of the territory of the Volodymyrsky Arboretum, we can note that the created curtains of wood species have mainly preserved their contours. At the same time, during 17 years of the arboretum existence, new plantings of natural origin from low-value tree and shrub species have appeared in the open areas of the park (lawns, meadows, and outskirts).


Researchers suggest a hypothesis that one of the indicators of the Neolithic is settlements based on stable fishing using boats and nets. The northern part of the Lower Volga region is a steppe zone. The peculiarities of natural and climatic conditions (arid climate, a small number of rivers) predetermined a low population density in comparison with other regions. The location of long-term camps is traced on different rivers on particular distance from each other. This provided normal conditions for life of the Orlovskaya culture representatives. The culture stratification in loam leaded to good preservation of faunal remains. The big archeozoological material was accumulated for reconstruction of these societies household. Hunting was carried out mainly on large ungulates. In addition, waterfowl accounted for a significant proportion. A domestic dog provided assistance in hunting. Finds of bone harpoons and hooks, accumulations of scales and bones of pike and perch are speaking about individual fishing. Stone sinkers, axes and adzes, vertebrae may suggest fishing with a net from a boat or a raft. The absence of sturgeon remains give a thought that the Bolshoi Uzen River didnt flow into the Caspian Sea in the Late Stone Age.


cal sections in each entry make this a valuable reference tool for more than Catholic theologians. Over 50 tables and charts, most of which appear to be by B. make this an attractive tool for anyone teaching theology at the graduate level. F. gives credit to Frank Oveis for initiating the idea for an English edition of this volume. Both deserve to be congratulated. Seminarians and graduate students in theology have good reason to thank them, particularly when it comes time for comprehensive examinations.


The objective was to estimate the sample size (number of points by experimental plot) to estimate soil resistance to penetration in different depth ranges and for different animal stocking density rates. The data was obtained from a factorial experiment in a randomized block design, three replicates, consisting of two grazing intensity levels (canopy heights: 10 and 20 cm) and two levels of nitrogen fertilization applied on the coverage (0 and 200 kg N ha-1) in the form of urea. The penetration resistance (PR) of the soil was achieved in 20 points randomly determined inside each experimental unit (paddock). A "Motorized soil penetrometer" was used (DLG, Model PNT-2000-M). The PR average values were determined for the depth range of the soil (characters): 00-40, 00-10, 10-20, 20-30 and 30-40 cm. For the same estimation error of the soil's penetration resistance, the sample size (number of points) depends on the depth range of soil and animal stocking density. In experiments with varying animal stocking density rate on pasture in winter, 15 points per experimental unit are sufficient to estimate the average with an estimation error of 15% of the average soil penetration resistance.

 Key words: Sample size, grazing pressure, crop-livestock integration, soil depth.


Taking a huge cylinder gas tank as the object of study,the determining of the dynamic wind load is analytically discussed on the basis of the dynamic characteristic.Referring the national codes of several country,the method for calculating dynamic wind load is comparatively investigated,the dynamic wind loads for the gas tank is get and its wind gust loading factor is calculated.It is shown.The provision for dynamic wind load in national codes of each country is not alike,but calculating results from them is little.


Despite its title the book's philosophical content is small and, though the author is polite, philosophers make an unimpressive showing in it. Few readers of this journal would be likely to share the difficulty he attributes to some thinkers in accepting that there must be a neural basis for all cerebral processes, even the most refined ones. Nor would such readers disagree with his plea that philosophers of mind should be cognisant of the current state of neuroscientific knowledge and theory relevant to their field of enquiry. Many of them are, of course; for the remainder, and also for psychiatrists and 'lay' readers who wish to bring themselves up to date with the subject, the book will prove a valuable source of information in easily assimilable form. However, those who wish to get to grips with the body-mind problem in historical and philosophical depth would be better advised to tackle another work also written by a neuroscientist, but in this case in co-authorship with a renowned philosopher of science. I refer to Popper & Eccles' ' The Self and its Brain' which appeared 10 years ago, and which argues for the interactionist form of dualism. In this latter respect the two books could be regarded as complementary since Professor Young, although he deprecates such labelling, would appear to have leanings towards monism. He explicitly rejects identity theory, but perhaps the 'double aspect' form of monism would most nearly describe his position. However this may be, he would doubtless agree that, although advances have been made and more will follow, the gap between Jaspers' two sets of explorers remains a wide one. Indeed, in so far as the concepts' body' and 'mind' have been regarded as belonging to different logical categories, the gap may be inherently unbridgeable.


Zinc (Zn) deficiency in rice has been widely reported in many rice-growing regions of the world. A greenhouse experiment was conducted with the objective of determining Zn requirements of lowland rice. Zinc rates used were 0, 5, 10 20, 40, 80, and 120 mg Zn kg−1 of soil applied to an Inceptisol. Zinc application significantly affected shoot dry weight and grain yield as well as concentrations and uptakes of Zn in soil and plant. Maximum yield of shoot dry weight and grain yield were achieved at 5 and 20 mg Zn kg−1 of soil, respectively. Zinc concentration and uptake in shoot as well as Zn uptake in grain had significant quadratic increases as Zn concentration increased in the soil solution. Zinc concentration as well as uptake was greater in the shoot as compared with concentration and uptake in the grain. Zinc-use efficiencies significantly decreased with increasing Zn rates in the soil except agrophysiological efficiency, which had significant quadratic increases with increasing Zn rates. On average, about 6% of the applied Zn was recovered by the lowland rice plants. Mehlich 1 extracting solution extracted much more Zn than diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA). However, Mehlich 1 as well as DTPA-extractable Zn had significant positive correlations with each other as well as with Zn uptake in grain and shoot.


This paper provides an analytical overview of literature on providing library services to rural communities through creation of social capital. The concept of "social capital" is introduced. Marketing techniques and outreach ideas are identified and discussed. Through introducing the concept of social capital and examining ways of marketing library services to rural communities, the authors hope that rural librarians can have effective ways to bridge the communities they serve with the services they provide and to ensure the library's value is communicated to the community at large.


We develop in this work a general version of paracontrolled calculus that allows to treat analytically within this paradigm a whole class of singular partial differential equations with the same efficiency as regularity structures. This work deals with the analytic side of the story and offers a toolkit for the study of such equations, under the form of a number of continuity results for some operators, while emphasizing the simple and systematic mechanics of computations within paracontrolled calculus, via the introduction of two model operations $\mathsf{E}$ and $\mathsf{F}$ . We illustrate the efficiency of this elementary approach on the example of the generalized parabolic Anderson model equation $$\begin{eqnarray}(\unicode[STIX]{x2202}_{t}+L)u=f(u)\unicode[STIX]{x1D701},\end{eqnarray}$$ on a 3-dimensional closed manifold, and the generalized KPZ equation $$\begin{eqnarray}(\unicode[STIX]{x2202}_{t}+L)u=f(u)\unicode[STIX]{x1D701}+g(u)(\unicode[STIX]{x2202}u)^{2},\end{eqnarray}$$ driven by a $(1+1)$ -dimensional space/time white noise.


We report a study of the local copper environment in Cu I -Y prepared by gas phase reaction of H-Y with CuCI and in Cu II -Y prepared by conventional ion exchange with aqueous cupric salt For the Cu I -Y sample, the effect of the interaction with CO and NO will also been reported. XANES, UV-Vis and IR (NO dosed at 77 K) techniques prove that the copper species in the prepared samples have the desired oxidation state. Reduction of Cu I -Y with CO leads to the formation of small copper clusters well identified by EXAFS, XANES and UV-Vis spectroscopies, while interaction with NO partially oxydate Cu' to Cu II . For both as prepared Cu I -Y and Cu II -Y samples EXAFS does not observe first shell Cu-Cu bond lengths, so excluding the presence of so called Cu/dimers in zeolites prepared following our methods.


Fibronectin is non-collagenous protein which accumulates in osteoarthritic cartilage. The presence of fibronectin and its specific isoform containing the B sequence, Ed-B fibronectin (B.Fn), was studied in normal and osteoarthritic human cartilage using immunohistochemical and biochemical assays, with a specific monoclonal antibody. Results showed substantial amounts of B.Fn in osteoarthritic cartilage, especially in the superficial and middle layers. Western blot analysis confirmed the presence of B.Fn with a molecular mass of 220 and 55 kDa. In contrast, in normal cartilage, expression of B.Fn was extremely low. In conclusion, the expression of a specific isoform of fibronectin during the osteoarthritic process suggests that this isoform might have specific functions in extracellular matrix remodelling.


Jet grouting, a grouting soil improvement construction technique, was first developed in Japan in the 1960s and 1970s, and then introduced in Europe a few years later in the form of a proposal for ...


Profile (9) it can be coupled to the cover (4), is adapted to secure the cover 4 to the support 2. According to the invention, the profile having a recess (17) is provided for accommodating the coupling region, in particular the seam (6) of at least two pieces of the cover sheets of the cover (5.1, 5.2). Profile, the head-rest, the support, seam, the recess


Purpose – The length and sheer scale of the current economic crisis has surprised most managers, who were unprepared to deal with such a situation. Standing at the heart of their businesses, procurement managers need to limit the negative impact of the crisis. Restructuring and cost killing are usually the first responses. However, some buyers are pioneering a new kind of collaborative management that, instead of increasing the pressure on suppliers and reducing risk‐taking to a minimum, advocates taking new initiatives. The purpose of this paper is to present a new, "collaborative buyer" approach to the management of the procurement function.Design/methodology/approach – This qualitative research uses a constructivist methodology based on interviews of 12 buying experts. It develops scenarios and identifies the features of collaborative procurement. In order to map the future of the procurement function, this research looks at the expectations and forecasts of the players involved. The aim is a comprehen...


This paper analyzes forward-looking rules for Swiss monetary policy in a small structural VAR consisting of four variables. First, the paper looks at the ex ante inflation-output-growth volatility trade-off for a forward-looking policy aiming at a convex combination of a strict inflation and output growth targeting rule implied by this SVAR model. Thereby the paper introduces a new analytical method. Second, the paper considers the effect of measurement errors in GDP on this inflation-output-growth volatility trade-off. Third, the paper works at the impact of changing beliefs about the potential growth rate on the variability of output growth and inflation. Finally the effects of different targets in a forward-looking monetary policy on ex post or unconditional volatility of inflation and output growth is explored by a simulation exercise.


Although BCS pairs of fermions are known not to obey Bose-Einstein (BE) commutation relations, we show how Cooper pairs instead do, contrary to popular belief. Hence, the latter can undergo BE condensation to account for superconductivity, as well as for neutral-atom fermion superfluidity where Cooper pairing is also expected to occur.


Glauber dynamics is a powerful tool to generate randomized, approximate solutions to combinatorially difficult problems. Applications include Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) simulation and distributed scheduling for wireless networks. In this paper, we derive bounds on the mixing time of a generalization of Glauber dynamics where multiple vertices are allowed to update their states in parallel and the fugacity of each vertex can be different. The results can be used to obtain various conditions on the system parameters such as fugacities, vertex degrees and update probabilities, under which the mixing time grows polynomially in the number of vertices.


Roberts, Owen. 'Constructing a myth of purity: the marketing of Welsh water', in: 'A history of Water. Vol. iii: the world of water', (London: I.B. Tauris, 2006), pp.254-268 RAE2008


The partitioned iterated function systems (PIFS) fractal image compression technique provides very competitive rate-distortion curves and fast decoding. However, it suffers from complicated encoding computation. Three novel neural network techniques, mixture of nonlinear principal components (MNLPC), mixture of independent components (MIC) and high-dimensional mixture of principal components (H-MPC) are developed to reduce the encoding complexity of the PIFS fractal coding. Applying these new techniques, the potential best range-domain matching search is confined to a relatively small size domain block pool. Using the new techniques, the encoding time is shortened dramatically, and the compression performance is improved as well.