Large quantities of pulp suspensions are handled in the pulp and paper industry and knowledge of their flow behaviour is very important in the design and operation of process equipment. Despite this, there is still a lack of a fundamental understanding of the mechanisms of the pulp suspension flow. The suspension consists of fibres and water, and the fibre phase causes the complex flow behaviour due to the characteristic property of the fibres to aggregate and form coherent networks. Moreover, there seems to be areas with lower amounts of fibres near solid walls as a result of a compression of the network and orientation of the fibres, and this also affects the frictional behaviour of the pulp suspension.
In this thesis the flow of pulp suspensions in pipes has been studied experimentally using two different techniques, Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) and Ultrasound Velocity Profiling (UVP). The experimental data from the PIV study and the LDA study by Pettersson et al. (2006) were further analysed to get a more detailed understanding of the mechanisms of the plug flow of pulp suspensions. Computational Fluid dynamics (CFD) was used to simulate the flow in an agitated pulp stock chest using a rheology model, where the local fibre concentration is taken into account.
Visual observations of images acquired in the PIV study were made to couple the structures in the flow to the flow regimes and related pressure drop curves reported in the literature. The images show that the distribution of fibres is very inhomogeneous in the near wall region, especially at low flow velocities, while the flow becomes much more structured when the velocity is increased. The mean velocity profiles show a distinct plug flow region at the centre of the pipe, and there is a steep velocity gradient close to the walls. The plug region increases with an increase in bulk concentration or a decrease in bulk velocity. This is consistent with previous studies. Both experimental techniques (PIV and UVP) can be used to measure the velocity profile, although the results of the two techniques show some deviations. Both techniques indicated the existence of a concentration profile near the wall, but the effects of various flow parameters are not clear. Further, the velocity and pressure drop data were used to estimate the shear stress at the wall, apparent boundary layer viscosity, equivalent fibre concentration at the wall, and area fraction of solid-wall contact. The results indicated two-phase flow effects near the wall, and the order of magnitude of the obtained values seems realistic.
The results of the CFD simulations show how the change in the local fibre concentration affects the cavern formation, thus also affecting the mixing efficiency of the tank. The flow patterns obtained in the transient simulations, including the fibre concentration variation, indicate that there are areas that will remain unchanged over time.


4,5-Dihydro-3-(4-pyridinyl)-thieno[4,3,2-ef][1,4]benzoxazepine maleate 2 has been synthesized from 3-amino-4-fluorobenzo[fc]thiophene by employing an intramolecular nucleophilic aromatic fluoride displacement. In the presence of strong base and heat, 2 rearranges to form the isomeric hemiaminal, 3,4-dihydro-4-methyl-3-(4-pyridinyl)thieno[4,3,2-ef][1,3]benzoxazine 10. A proposed mechanism for this rearrangement is discussed.


Abstract The reaction of the carbanion derived from phenyl isopropyl sulfoxide with benzaldehyde is very stereoselective if the carbanion is generated with butyllithium in contrast to the reaction where the carbanion is generated with lithium diisopropyl amide.


HOW DOES MEMORY WORK? WHAT CAN THE ART LEFT BY DEAD LOVED ones teach us about how to live without them? How do we move forward into a future they could not have imagined? Blood/Loss is a memoir about queer kinships and the experiences of outrage, grief, love, and artistic process in the plague years of the s. In , when I was , I joined the Los Angeles chapters of Queer Nation and ACT UP (AIDS Coalition to Unleash Power). In public we protested against legislation aimed at dismantling rights for LGBT people, prisoners, and immigrants; and fighting for needle exchange programs, women's right to safe abortions, safe sex education, hospice funding, and the right to die with dignity. We were arrested fighting against the criminalization of people living with HIV and the first Gulf War. Privately, we were a queer chosen family who fostered fierce intimacies; made visual, literary, and performance art; rearranged jazz standards for queer duets; and


The primary aim of this research was to explore whether the conceptual framework for intentional positioning in public relations proposed by James in 2010–11, which is underpinned by positioning theory, could be used to guide a discourse analysis of strategic positioning tactics. Positioning discourse analysis is designed to examine how discourse is being used to strategically position something in order to gain an advantage, or to achieve a goal in a public relations context. In this study, a sample of speeches by the two leading politicians in Australia on the topic of carbon pricing was analysed. Both politicians worked to position a carbon price/tax as good and bad for Australia respectively. Guided by James's framework, the positioning goal, positioning type and positioning purpose were identified along with the discursive strategies used. However, one of the positions was not as strongly held in the public debate as the other. Applying positioning theory, it could be seen that although other factors in the strategy and tactics were basically sound, it could also be argued that the right to position in a certain way had not been sufficiently established in the opinion of Australian voters. Undertaking a positioning discourse analysis offers another way of examining practice and sheds more light on the role of discourse in strategic public relations. This was a small study with generally encouraging findings that indicate further testing of the method is warranted.


Under the circumstance of the national macro-control policy supervision,the slowness of the inner economy move speed,the keeping slowing down the social fixed assets invest increasing and two adjusts on electricity prices from January to October of 2008 in China,the author analyzed the major industrial motion state and the main monitor data of Jinzhong city in Shanxi Province,especially aiming at its power supply data since 2008,in order to improve the power supply level and the ability to keep a lookout the market risk.Also,the article not only made the research on the future tendency of the regional power supply,but gave its own strategies as well.


While most previous studies have analyzed the performance of the Option Strategy Benchmark Index (SBI) in a specific market such as S&P500 and KOSPI200, this study comprehensively investigates the performance of the option SBIs in nine global options markets in Europe, Asia, and Oceania. In the empirical analysis using the sample data from September 2008 to April 2019, the main results of this study are as follows. First, most of the option SBIs generally provide better performance than the simple buy-and-hold strategy, which is mainly due to a reduction in risk rather than improvement in returns. Second, the option SBIs based on straddle or protective put, one of the most popular option trading strategies, perform poorly in almost all markets, whereas the option SBIs based on covered call or (cash) covered put show relatively good performance. Finally, there is no significant difference in the performance of the option SBIs between markets in the same region or those with a similar level of development. However, we found significant differences in the performance of the option SBIs between Europe and Asia and developed and emerging markets.


Creative and pedagogical activity of Igor Ostapenko is considered in the article. I. Ostapenko is a designer and one of the leading teachers of Kharkiv State Academy of Design and Arts of the late 20th and early 21st centuries. The proposed research is based on the use of methods of formal, functional, figurative, stylistic and comparative analysis. The range of researched materials includes realized projects, models, sketches, exhibitions, workbooks, scientific publications, design periodicals, interviews and memoirs. New names and artworks were introduced into scientific circulation. Materials of professional periodicals in the context of the chosen topic were generalized. Peculiarities of Igor Ostapenko's creative and pedagogical positions are determined on the basis of the analysis of these materials. Main factors influencing the formation of his propaedeutic courses Theory of Composition and Fundamentals of Shaping are highlighted. Parallels with the concepts of educational process of leading design institutions are established. The continuity of creative principles of Kharkiv Art School founders and Igor Ostapenko's activity is revealed. Such main features of the workshop as laconism of expressive means, artistic figurativeness, attention to the texture and natural qualities of materials can be traced in creative works of the teacher and his students. Conformity of creative and pedagogical achievements of Igor Ostapenko and his students with the "Art School" concept is substantiated. It includes system unity of art and project principles, methods and techniques of their realization, presence of significant achievements and their recognition by domestic and world professional community. It is emphasized that the work of the workshop is one of the representative phenomena in design education of Ukraine during its independence.


Underutilized legumes are common crops in developing countries with superior dietary potentials that could be useful sources of protein as well as some phytoconstituents. They are more tolerant of abiotic environmental conditions like drought than the major legumes. This makes them more adapted to harsh soil and climatic conditions, which helps to minimize the pressure brought on by climate change. However, despite their potential, underutilized legumes have been greatly overlooked compared to the major legumes due to supply constraints. Underutilized legumes in the subfamily Caesalpinioideae are better suited for use as animal feeds with little or no value as food for humans, and the extracts and infusions of the different parts of plant species in this subfamily are traditionally used for the treatment of different diseases. In addition, underutilized legumes in this subfamily contain phytoconstituents that are of pharmacological relevance, some of which have been isolated, characterized and evaluated for use in the treatment of a variety of disorders. Therefore, this review describes the medicinal activities of some selected underutilized legumes from five genera in the subfamily Caesalpinioideae as well as their phytoconstituents, which could be exploited as lead compounds for drug discovery.


Context. The standard ACDM cosmological model implies that all celestial bodies are embedded in a perfectly uniform dark energy background, represented by Einstein's cosmological constant, and experience its repulsive antigravity action. Aims. Can dark energy have strong dynamical effects on small cosmic scales as well as globally? Continuing our efforts to clarify this question, we now focus on the Virgo Cluster and the flow of expansion around it. Methods. We interpret the Hubble diagram from a new database of velocities and distances of galaxies in the cluster and its environment, using a nonlinear analytical model, which incorporates the antigravity force in terms of Newtonian mechanics. The key parameter is the zero-gravity radius, the distance at which gravity and antigravity are in balance. Results. 1. The interplay between the gravity of the cluster and the antigravity of the dark energy background determines the kinematical structure of the system and controls its evolution. 2. The gravity dominates the quasi-stationary bound cluster, while the antigravity controls the Virgocentric flow, bringing order and regularity to the flow, which reaches linearity and the global Hubble rate at distances ≳15 Mpc. 3. The cluster and the flow form a system similar to the Local Group and its outflow. In the velocity-distance diagram, the cluster-flow structure reproduces the group-flow structure with a scaling factor of about 10; the zero-gravity radius for the cluster system is also 10 times larger. Conclusions. The phase and dynamical similarity of the systems on the scales of 1-30 Mpc suggests that a two-component pattern may be universal for groups and clusters: a quasi-stationary bound central component and an expanding outflow around it, caused by the nonlinear gravity-antigravity interplay with the dark energy dominating in the flow component.


Trend analysis as a foresight method is gaining popularity. Category of "trend" is not very precise, but we could define it as directions of changes in values and needs. In this meaning, trends link the present and projected future. There are more and more commercial, nonacademic analysis of trends. Professional firms and organiza tions show directions and sources of "always approaching" changes and they are preparing the strategies of dealing with them. We can read published reports as text showing present imaginations of the future. Reports usually concern the economy or technology development but some of them give insight into what would be the place of religion and spirituality in that future. The elaborations indicate the disappearance of religion and its replacement by spirituality. The main directions of religious changes are connected with "wellness" and "dying well" trends.


In order to suppress wideband interference and make the pattern null in the direction of interference,a new wideband transmitting beamforming algorithm is presented based on the LFM waveform.The method uses digital weight and frequency-dependent phase weight to replace phase shifters at the element level and analog time delay units at the subarray level respectively,which avoids using analog time delay units that cause quantization style errors and high cost.Moreover,digital weight in subarray can be constructed by the narrowband method and make a wide null,realizing the wideband pattern null finally.Finally,the computer simulations illustrate that the proposed algorithm can keep waveform range resolution and obtain pattern null.


The ribbon cocycle invariant is defined by means of a partition function using ternary cohomology of self-distributive structures (TSD) and colorings of ribbon diagrams of a framed link, following the same paradigm introduced by Carter, Jelsovsky, Kamada, Langfor and Saito in Transactions of the American Mathematical Society 2003;355(10):3947-89, for the quandle cocycle invariant. In this article we show that the ribbon cocycle invariant is a quantum invariant. We do so by constructing a ribbon category from a TSD set whose twisting and braiding morphisms entail a given TSD 2-cocycle. Then we show that the quantum invariant naturally associated to this braided category coincides with the cocycle invariant. We generalize this construction to symmetric monoidal categories and provide classes of examples obtained from Hopf monoids and Lie algebras. We further introduce examples from Hopf-Frobenius algebras, objects studied in quantum computing.


Noninvasive monitoring of end-tidal carbon dioxide (ETCO2) is not new technology but its routine use in the emergency department is a recent development. It is a better tool to evaluate ventilation when compared to oximetry because it provides the caregiver with breath-to-breath information. End-tidal carbon dioxide reflects the production, transportation, and elimination of CO2. This technology has been used to evaluate endotracheal tube placement. Now with both side stream and mainstream monitoring available, emergency departments can use ETCO2 in a variety of situations. The emergency nurse needs to be able to evaluate the configuration of the waveform in addition to the numeric value.


He‐implanted samples of LiNbO3 have been analyzed by 24‐MeV 28Si elastic recoil detection. For 50‐keV He implants, the Li and H profiles show a depletion of Li from the sample near‐surface region which coincides with a gain of H. The Li loss is seen to increase with increasing ion fluence and implantation temperature.


Men have a higher prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) than women. The reason for this remains unclear but it could, in part, be due to the availability and removal of fatty acids (FA) from the liver. As the transition from fasted to fed state may fundamentally alter hepatic FA partitioning we aimed to study hepatic FA partitioning in healthy men and women before and after the consumption of a mixed meal.


Through the Poem Helen of the Nobel Prize laureate George Seferis, we question the foundations of Fuzzy Logic, which seem to appear in the literature from the time of Euripides.


The practice of integrated planning in Shanghai Changning Linkong Business Park can shed light on the convergence and integration of multiple planning methods employed in most planning practices.This paper points out that under the existing planning system,statutory planning and non-statutory planning must be complementary and integrated.The paper further explores the means to achieve scientific and effective planning outcomes through employing integrated planning methods.


A phreatic eruption (phreatic explosion) happened at Ontake Volcano on September 27, 2014 accompanied by more than 50 casualties including mountain climbers who were caught by volcanic smokes or hit by volcanic bombs. Phreatic eruptions often occur in many active volcanoes but what causes them is less understood compared with magmatic eruptions for some reasons as smaller scales and less influence to people. For that phreatic eruption of Ontake Volcano video images and deformation data that revealed basic natures of the eruption were obtained. Based on these data the present paper proposes a model that may be useful for a better understanding and simulation of eruptive processes. A video camera at Takigoe Observation Point, Ministry of Land gave an interesting image about initial features of the Ontake eruption that began about 11: 55 a.m. even if the eruption point itself was obscured by clouds. In the summit area with weak fumaroles the eruption suddenly emitted voluminous dark gas, which first flowed down about 3 km long as a pyroclastic flow and then ascended as a plume. The plume reached the height up to 8 km above the sea level according to a radar measurement. Another video image taken from a helicopter about 2:00 p.m. showed that the plume was substantially weakened and split into several separate gas flows. The eruption was very dark and moved down pyroclastic flow that should have Rich solid gas explain lots volcanic and thick ash the summit. The gas flow understood to have turned to plume when through steam and high the steam flow out during the eruption. The tilt data obtained at Observation Point, Japan Meteorological Agency gives another important constraint on the eruption process. The data revealed that inflation first took place below the eruption point during about 7 minutes and then contraction followed as soon as the eruption started. The inflation prior to the eruption was likely caused by increase of vapor in the underground water system. Simple vaporization, however, cannot produce inflation because successive vaporization is suppressed by pressure increase. Inflation often arises in volcanoes when some material ascends under gravity. Here, the process in which steam bubbles generated at the bottom ascend through the ground water is considered. The bubble formation may result from a thermal instability due to heat supply to the bottom consistently with no significant seismicity observed with the inflation. The above idea gives a model of phreatic eruptions in the system of steam overlying ground water. The equilibrium described by an evaporation curve is assumed to hold at the interface between steam and water. The steam flux generated at the bottom of the ground water is prescribed as a function of time. The steam is assumed to migrate to the surface as a permeable flow and the effect of erosion is represented by the change of permeability whose speed is defined by a prescribed function of steam flux and permeability. In this model pressure, permeability and gas fluxes are calculated as a function of time from a set of ordinary differential equations derived from conservation laws and thermodynamic relations. The differential equations give the solutions that qualitatively reproduce pre-eruptive underground inflation followed by rapid gas effusion during the eruption if constants and initial values of variables are suitably prescribed..


What determines the constitution and limits of the church? Vatican II speaks in favor of a concentric understanding of ecclesial communion, using terms such as «fully incorporated», by «explicit intention», not «in unity of communion», «incomplete», «defective», and «in various ways». The three bonds which unite people to the Church are the profession of faith, the sacraments which express that faith, and the ecclesiastical government and communion that are at its service (LG 14), keeping in mind that all human beings are related implicitly to the Church (LG 16, RMi 5). And so we can speak of «various ways» (LG 13, 16) of belonging to the Church: full, partial, close, implicit and peripheral, but always understood in reference to the full communion in the Church.


. Since 1960s, the Tepehan (Turkey) region had long been suffering from serious soil erosion. Therefore, large-scale afforestation with mainly coniferous species has continued during the past decades in order to control soil erosion and it has yielded quite successful results. However, since it has been unknown how afforestation influences biodiversity so far this study investigated it. Braun–Blanquette method was used to select a plot in each stratum which represents the vegetation characteristic of the whole area of the forest and to assess vegetation parameters. The results of the survey show that 77 species belonging to 58 genera were recorded in different layers including 7 trees, 4 shrubs and 66 herbs in the study area. Diversity index was used for measuring biological diversity and was found consistently and significantly greater in native Quercus forests than in exotic coniferous plantation forests. These results show that afforestation has a negative influence on species diversity. Therefore, it is recommended to develop strategies for biodiversity conservation in afforestation work in the country to maintain habitats and minimize loss of native species.


To date, there have been few attempts to model the dispersal of invasive weeds in rainforests to create predictive simulation models for their management. This may be partly due to the difficulty of describing the movement of vertebrate seed dispersers which are responsible for dispersal of most rainforest plant species, and partly due to a lack of baseline data on invasive species. We address these issues by constructing a single species, individual based and spatially explicit simulation model. The model is based on an expert understanding of the ecological processes driving dispersal and invasion by fleshy-fruited species in Wet Tropics rainforests (north Queensland), and allows us to examine how these small-scale processes create population-level patterns and rates of spread across a landscape. This is an extremely useful tool for: 1) predicting the spread of invasive species like Miconia calvescens (Melastomataceae) in rainforest landscapes; 2) understanding which ecological processes dominate and drive the spread of weeds; and 3) supporting management decisions about efficient allocation of resources in eradication efforts. The generalised modelling framework can be used to examine any vertebrate dispersed plant, but for the purposes of this study we parameterised the model using detailed and empirically derived dispersal and survivorship curves based upon extensive field data for native plants with similar characteristics (Dennis and Westcott 2007) to Miconia calvescens, a class one invasive weed in Queensland. We incorporated estimates of seed dispersal patterns by rainforest frugivores, and plant mortality rates due to age and population densities at two scales, as well as maturation rate and fecundity. We used this model to investigate rates and patterns of spread around areas currently under active eradication efforts as part of Biosecurity Queensland's 'Four Tropical Weeds' program (Murphy et al. in press). Early model predictions overestimated rates of spread and population size compared to observed and historical data. However, refinements to the model mechanics, including the implementation of habitat suitability metrics and anisotropic dispersal processes Simulating the spread of Miconia calvescens in Queensland's Wet Tropics


This study aimed to determine the renal health prac tices of nurses in La Union. It was conducted in the calendar year 2009-2010. One hundred sevente en (117) regular staff nurses in five (5) tertiary hospitals were selected using stratified r andom sampling. Descriptive survey method and a questionnaire were used in gathering data which were treated using Weighted Mean, Average Weighted Mean, t-test and Analysis of Variance. Results show that most nurses are young adults, fem ales, employed in private hospitals with incidence of UTI. Hygiene is always implemented whi le the rest are often implemented. The extent of implementation of renal health practices differs as to gender. All the renal health practices are strengths of the respondents and a re nal health advocacy for nurses in La Union is proposed.


Advances in sensor technology enable environmental monitoring programmes to record and store measurements at a high temporal resolution, enhancing the capacity to detect and understand short duration changes that would not have been apparent in the past with monthly, fortnightly or even daily sampling. However, there are various challenges in terms of the processing and analysis of these environmental high-frequency data due to their complex behavior over the different timescales and the strong correlation structure that persists over a large number of lags. Here, we explore the complexities of modeling high-frequency data which arise from environmental applications. With increasing understanding of the importance of surface waters as a source of atmospheric CO2 we consider a high-resolution sensor-generated time series of the over-saturation of CO2, EpCO2, in a small order river system. We will present advanced statistical approaches to analyze and model the data, which include visualization tools for exploratory analysis, wavelets and additive models. These methods reveal the complex dynamics of EpCO2 over different timescales, and the multivariate relationships of EpCO2 with hydrology and temporal autocorrelation structures, which are time and scale dependent. Handling Editor: Bryan F. J. Manly. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s10651-015-0329-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. B Amira Elayouty firstname.lastname@example.com 1 School of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland, UK 2 School of Geographical and Earth Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland, UK 3 Department of Economics and Statistics, University of Torino, Turin, Italy


The operation of electric arc furnaces (EAF) causes variations in the electrical variables, such as: active and reactive power, voltage and frequency. These variations are related to the proper operation of the EAF that produces a highly intermittent consumption, which makes it a special load. This work presents a methodology for the analysis and interpretation of the data recorded by the SCADA/EMS system and the wide area monitoring system WAMS, during the operation of an EAF connected to the electric power system (EPS) of Ecuador. The purpose of this analysis is to characterize the disturbances through the electrical variables frequency, voltage, active and reactive power, measured in the most sensitive substation to the EAF operation. To this aim, a multivariate data analysis is performed based on Empirical Orthogonal Functions EOF, together with intelligent classifiers. In addition, an EAF model is proposed for electromechanical transient simulation, which is based on a pulse-width modulation PWM train, affected by a noise signal with a parameterizable frequency. Both the proposed methodology for characterizing the performance of the EAF through records, and the proposed model show promising results regarding the post-operative evaluation and operational planning of the impact of an EAF operation in the EPS


Mn atoms and MnH molecules, the latter formed by reaction between metal and hydrogen atoms, were trapped in solid argon and their ESR/ENDOR spectra measured at 4 K. At each pumping magnetic field two ENDOR lines were observed for 55Mn(I=5/2) atoms, corresponding to hyperfine transitions within the MS =±1/2 levels. Values of the hyperfine interaction constant and nuclear moment of 55Mn were derived from the six sets of data. For MnH, three sets of signals were detected: a proton ''matrix ENDOR'' line, transitions in the MS =0,±1 levels involving MI (55Mn)=1/2, 3/2, 5/2 levels, and proton transitions corresponding to νH and νH±aH. Analysis yielded the hyperfine constant aH =6.8(1) MHz and the nuclear quadrupole coupling constant Q′(55Mn)=−11.81(2) MHz. The latter compared favorably with a theoretical value derived earlier by Bagus and Schaefer. A higher term in the spin Hamiltonian appeared to be necessary to fit the proton hyperfine data.


Due to the fact that point clouds are always corrupted by significant noise and large transformations, aligning two point clouds by deep neural networks is still challenging. This paper presents a semi-supervised point cloud registration (PCR) method for accurately estimating point correspondences and handling large transformations using limited prior datasets. Firstly, a modified autoencoder is introduced as the feature extraction module to extract the distinctive and robust features for the downstream registration task. Unlike optimization-based pairwise PCR strategies, the proposed method treats two point clouds as two implementations of a Gaussian mixture model (GMM), which we call latent GMM. Based on the above assumption, two point clouds can be regarded as two probability distributions. Hence, the PCR of two point clouds can be approached by minimizing the KL divergence between these two probability distributions. Then, the correspondence between the point clouds and the latent GMM components is estimated using the augmented regression network. Finally, the parameters of GMM can be updated by the correspondence and the transformation matrix can be computed by employing the weighted singular value decomposition (SVD) method. Extensive experiments conducted on both synthetic and real-world data validate the superior performance of the proposed method compared to state-of-the-art registration methods. These experiments also highlight the method's superiority in terms of accuracy, robustness, and generalization.


Program LOSS was designed to compute estimated statistics of the path loss between two radio antennas operating at frequencies between 20 MHz and 20 GHz. It was written specifically for the CDC 3000 and 6000 series of computers.

This "User's Guide" provides:
1) Definitions and descriptions of input parameters and output values.
2) A description of the input format and the minimal data required
3) A description of various output choices and how to instruct the program to produce them.
4) An explanation of all input parameters one might want to specify for an "area prediction."
5) An explanation of the additional parameters useful in a "point-to-point" situation.

There are also five appendices in which are given a summary of the input parameters, examples of input data and the resulting output, and description of some of the theory behind the program and how the program operates.


Chilled water thermal storage systems can reduce the electrical demand charge during the onpeak months. However, operational problems such as the inability to fully charge the system or premature discharge of the stored cooling capacity can be costly, which can result in turning on chillers during on-peak hours in order to provide cooling to the buildings. In this paper the optimization of a thermal storage system operation through Continuous Commissioning SM is presented. Detailed building and chilled water loop commissioning activities are discussed.


The present invention provides a fabrication method of a copolymer, which comprises a radical polymerization initiator or a photopolymerization initiator in the presence of a monomer mixture containing a compound of formula 1 is a free or photopolymerization. The amount of the compound of Formula 1 100 parts by weight with respect to the raw material monomers 0.001 to 1.0 parts by weight. The present invention further relates to a copolymer of Formula 2 with a copolymer component of the lens, and a lens made therefrom. Soft contact lenses which comprises an aqueous or oxygen permeable hard contact lenses. Formula 1 and 2, the symbols are as defined in the specification.


Before practical usage in microwave radiometers, the calibration targets must be tested for its emissivity/total reflectivity. In this work, the authors address the issue that remains in the total reflectivity determination, which is estimating the total reflectivity based on measured backscattering in the mono-static configuration, specifically at high frequencies. Based on the efficient modeling on periodic unit of the array-shaped calibration target, the authors quantitatively evaluate the relationship between backscattering and the total reflectivity, on the common structure of coated cones and coated pyramids. It is found that, the total reflectivity estimation becomes target-specific for the coated cones, meanwhile stable compensation can be concluded for the pyramidal units, which is important for practical testing in sub-millimeter applications. Then, the disturbing effects of the geometric defects on the total reflectivity estimation are discussed, and it is inferred that wide-band measurement is vital for diagnosing those defects. Furthermore, actual test results are analyzed, showing the complex scenario in estimating the total reflectivity of a prototype with shape defects. And the numerical concluded Cg compensation is verified in the clear case of a fine prototype. The findings in this work offer direct reference for the application of microwave radiometer calibration, especially in the region of sub-millimeter waves.


The term 'specialist contractor' in Sweden refers to all contractors who are involved in the construction process, apart from the general contractor. About 12 organizations from eight groups or trades were selected for interviews and the results of those interested and complying with ISO 9000 was varied with the most common problems for the specialist contractors easily identified.


Many researchers believe that a connection exists between phonological processing skills and reading ability, and phonological deficits have often been cited as possible explanation for reading disability among both children and adults. This study will present research findings on phonological processing of various speech sounds among school‐aged children who were classified as good and poor readers by standardized tests. These subjects will be administered speech discrimination tests using a variety of speech stimuli. Results of their performance on these tasks will be presented and a relationship between their reading and phonological processing abilities will be discussed.


Streamflow in Mediterranean Mountain Areas is highly linked to the storage capacity of snowpacks and its seasonal dynamics, these becoming the only water source,during long periods, particularly during dryer seasons such as spring or summer. This fact makes that to have a better understanding of the significant drivers of change in the hydrological regimen in many mountain rivers requires a process-oriented approach to assess the different interacting effects and their propagation from atmospheric conditions to runoff and baseflow generation in these areas. Snow dynamics has a direct and major impact on the partitioning of river flow into baseflow, subsurface flow, and runoff. Moreover, the snowpack is extremely affected by the partitioning of precipitation and water outflows (i.e., rainfall vs snowfall and snowmelt vs evaposublimation) that largely modify the riverflow regime with a stronge nonlinearity of their interactions.


Efficient operation of a green hospital was defined as sustainable improvement of medical services,human resources,asset utilization,logistical support through performance management and cost control in the article.The goals included being comfortable,convenient,low-carbon,efficient and safe.Assessment index system of a green hospital was also introduced.


Background: breast cancer is the most frequently diagnosed cancer globally and is the leading cause of cancer-related death in women. The American Cancer Society estimated that 249, 260 Americans were diagnosed with invasive breast cancer and 40, 890 were died of the disease in the United States in 2016.Aim of the Work: this was a retrospective study aimed to evaluate the disease free survival, overall survival and toxicity profile in premenopausal breast cancer patient who received tamoxifen versus tamoxifen with ovarian suppression (LHRH) agonists as adjuvant hormonal treatment.Patients and Methods: this was a retrospective cohort study. Premenopausal Female patients with Breast Cancer, who received Tamoxifen with or without Ovarian Function Suppression (LHRH agonist for 2 years) as adjuvant hormonal treatment, presented to clinical Oncology Department, Al-Hussein University Hospital in the period between January 2008 and January 2015 in Breast Cancer Unit, Clinical Oncology Department, Al-Hussein University Hospital. Results: in our retrospective analysis there was no statistical significant difference in the primary endpoint of DFS between group I who received tamoxifen and group II receiving tamoxifen plus ovarian suppression (2-year DFS, 65.3% vs. 75.0%) with (P value=0.838 not significant).Conclusion: we concluded that adding ovarian suppression to tamoxifen did not provide a significant benefit in the overall population of premenopausal women in this study (P=0.15 not significant).


The author presents the scheme of working out an economic growth strategy of cross-boarder region on the basis of activation of cross boarder cooperation. The model is focused on the basic strategic directions of interstate and interregional relations development, modernization of regional economic structure, optimization of organizational and institutional relations.


Nanocrystals of Zn(Fe)O-based diluted magnetic semi-conductor (nanoDMS) have been prepared by forced hydrolysis in polyol medium, using zinc and iron salts, and coated with carboxymethylpullulan (CMP). TEM studies revealed that CMP-nanoDMS are spherical, with average diameters on the order of 20 nm. Hydrodynamic diameters of about 75 nm were found in a physiological medium. NanoDMS were superparamagnetic at body temperature, and exhibited high saturation magnetization values (3.25 emu g−1). In aqueous suspensions, the colloids revealed high transverse proton relaxivities (T2) with an r2 value of 203 mM−1 s−1 (300 K, 1.41 T). Visible photoluminescent properties were evidenced with an excitation wavelength of 366 nm. No evidence of cell toxicity was found for human endothelial cells incubated with CMP-nanoDMS, at concentrations up to 100 μg mL−1 and for 48 h. No modification to the cytoskeleton was found up to 6 days of exposure. These hybrid nanomaterials could be considered as novel potential MR and luminescent bioimaging agents.


the duration of the period from the beginning of its flowering to the beginning of the berries ripening under the environmental conditions of 2018 is 12 days shorter than that of the control variety and the group of complex varieties. The full physiological maturity of the berries in the studied variety came earlier for 18 days than that of the control variety and 9 days than that of the group of complex varieties.


ETIOLOGY The cause of CKD is difficult to determine when diagnosed in later stages of disease. Damage can occur to any part of the nephron, including the glomerulus, tubule, interstitial tissue or vasculature, which can result in irreversible damage and loss of function of the nephron. The more common causes of CKD in dogs and cats include incomplete recovery from an acute renal injury (toxic, infectious, other), pyelonephritis, glomerulonephritis (more common in dogs), nephrolithiasis and ureterolithiasis (more common in cats), tubulointerstitial disease, feline infectious peritonitis in cats, Lyme disease in dogs, amyloidosis, neoplasia, hypercalcemia, various hereditary nephropathies, polycystic kidney disease (PKD) in cats and Fanconi syndrome. Diagnostics that facilitate early recognition of kidney disease should allow for earlier investigation and identification of an underlying cause; this could lead to more specific therapy and an opportunity to reverse or slow progression of kidney disease in some cases.


Satellite remote sensing monitoring of forest fire-points is a routine operation of weather service. By taking advantage of remote sensing information's characteristics such as relatively fixed resolution, little geometric distortion and quite stable data quality, the thesis establishes Henan Satellite Remote Sensing Forest Fire-points Automatic Monitoring System in the way of automatic geography registration based on gray correlation and control point database, which can realize automation of the whole process including automatic monitoring,automatic geography registration,automatic fire-points monitoring,automatic production releasing and cell phone short-message notice of fire-points warning information. The system could greatly improve service efficiency. Automatic registration of remote sensing information based on gray correlation and control point database features simpleness and quickness. Through automatic geography registration testing of sunny EOS/MODIS data (at daytime and nightime) during 18 periods from February 2008 to May 2008 in Henan Province with average error of registration is 0.637 pixels at daytime and 0.319 at nighttime, it can fully meet ordinary operation requirements. Fire-point identification and fire-point area estimate method in the system can be applied to monitoring different fires at daytime and at nighttime. Besides, it can automatically screen effective fire-points according to background geographic information, and thus it can improve monitoring accuracy.


COPYRIGHT © 2022 Rosteius, De Boer, Staudacher and Verbeek. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. Building trusting relationships with sta members of nursing homes during rapid ethnographic research


Introduction: Amoxicillin is one of the most used antibiotics among pediatric patients for the treatment of upper respiratory tract infections and specially for acute otitis media (AOM), a common diseases of infants and childhood. It has been speculated that the use of amoxicillin during early childhood could be associated with dental enamel fluorosis, also described in literature with the term Molar Incisor Hypomineralization (MIH), because they are generally situated in one or more 1st permanent molars and less frequently in the incisors. The effect of Amoxicillin seems to be independent of other risk factors such as fluoride intake, prematurity, hypoxia, hypocalcaemia, exposure to dioxins, chikenpox, otitis media, high fever and could have a significant impact on oral health for the wide use of this drug in that period of life. Objective: The aim of this work was to review the current literature about the association between amoxicillin and fluorosis. Methods and Results: A literature survey was done by applying the Medline database (Entrez PubMed); the Cochrane Library database of the Cochrane Collaboration 148 Ped. Med. Chir. (Med. Surg. Ped.), 2012, 34: 148-154 Dental enamel, fluorosis and amoxicillin Smalto dentale, fluorosi ed amoxi cillina I. Ciarrocchi,1 C. Masci,1 A. Spadaro,2 G. Caramia,3 A. Monaco1


BS>Using the anomalous imaginary part of the elastic scattering amplitude, the single-dispersion representation of the pi -meson--deuteron scattering amplitude is made. The contribution of the anomalous imaginary part to the total integral is estimated and shown to be small.


A 34 year old male patient was admitted with complaints of the seizure episode in spite of being on anti epileptics. CT scan Brain showed left cerebral hemiatrophy suggestive of Dyke-Davidoff-Masson syndrome (DDMS).


This extended abstract provides an overview of the development of a simulation model to be used in the assistance of triaging patients into the Hospital Internal Medicine (HIM) Department at The Mayo Clinic in Rochester, MN in an effort to balance workload among the department services. The main contribution of this work is the development of a score that measures provider workload more accurately. Delphi surveys, conjoint analysis, and optimization methods were used in the creation of this score and it is believed to better represent provider workload. Preliminary results were based on the proportion of time of a month that each service was at or above "maximum utilization", which is how workload is currently viewed at an instance. A simulation model built in SIMIO 8 yielded a 12.1% decrease in the proportion of time that a service was at or above their "max utilization" on average, while also seeing a decrease in the average difference among these proportions by 8.3% (better balance among all services).


Abstract : Non Linear Internal Waves (NLIW) are ubiquitous and appear wherever a proper combination of stratified water, current and bathymetry occur. In recent years, they have also been proven of primary interest for acoustic oceanography, since they are known to play an important role in sound speed fluctuations in shallow waters. The predictability of acoustic variability caused by these waves has been somewhat limited, and largely based on direct numerical simulation. Through this project, we present a simple and computationally efficient analytic model based on coupled mode theory. For this purpose, narrow and broadband acoustic normal mode fluctuations in the 2001 South China Sea ASIAEX experiment are first examined. Then ASIAEX environmental data were used to characterize the space/time scales of NLIW sound speed structure. Finally, a comparison is conducted between the observed normal mode variability and the predictions from an analytic model utilizing the observed NLIW structure, such as its width, amplitude and speed. As the model proves to be very sensitive to these characteristics, an overview of the Synthetic Aperture Radar capabilities to retrieve them is also conducted. In this latter part of the project, particular attention is given to wind effects on SAR data.


Container (1) for a pad (100) hygienic feminine hygienic pad female comprising a body (101) of absorbent material interposed between a layer (104) of microperforated material on one side, and a layer (102) of material waterproof, on the other side, on which are arranged strips (103) adhesive, wherein said container (1) comprises a layer (a) functional, oriented inside the container, consisting of said layer (a) functional material thermoplastic comprising a siloxane polymer with a low coefficient of friction toward said adhesive strips (103) of the pad (100) hygienic, to allow easy separation pad (100) sanitary container (1), without damage to the strips (103) on adhesive, said layer being obtainable (a) by extruding a functional mother (MB) siloxane polymer mixture mixed with thermoplastic resins.


Abstract : It was hypothesized that there is a relationship between the output efficiency utilization of research and development and the behavioral characteristics of the individuals in the user organization. Concepts and models are discussed leading to this hypothesis. A linker type of performance is defined and a methodology for identifying such an individual is formed into a measuring instrument. Results from using the instrument in a census situation are presented. The instrument discrimination is subjected to validity tests and the results are reported.


Regular maps and hypermaps are cellular decompositions of closed surfaces exhibiting the highest possible number of symmetries. The five Platonic solids present the most familar examples of regular maps. The gret dodecahedron, a 5-valent pentagonal regular map on the surface of genus 5 discovered by Kepler, is probably the first known non-spherical regular map. Modern history of regular maps goes back at least to Klein (1878) who described in [59] a regular map of type (3, 7) on the orientable surface of genus 3. In its early times, the study of regular maps was closely connected with group theory as one can see in Burnside's famous monograph [19], and more recently in Coxeter's and Moser's book [25] (Chapter 8). The present-time interest in regular maps extends to their connection to Dyck\`s triangle groups, Riemann surfaces, algebraic curves, Galois groups and other areas, Many of these links are nicely surveyed in the recent papers of Jones [55] and Jones and Singerman [54]. The presented survey paper is based on the talk given by the author at the conference "Mathematics in the New Millenium"held in Seoul, October 2000. The idea was, on one hand side, to show the relationship of (regular) maps and hypermaps to the above mentioned fields of mathematics. On the other hand, we wanted to stress some ideas and results that are important for understanding of the nature of these interesting mathematical objects.


Under the European Union (EU) energy efficiency targets that Romania has assumed, increasing the share of solar energy has been one of the main points to be considered. The most important solar energy resources are found in the lowlands and low hills in southern and south-eastern parts of the country. The current paper is focused on the Romanian Plain, which has the best environmental conditions to support the development of photovoltaic (PV) farms. One hundred and ten PV farms have been identified and mapped which cover a total area of 1393 hectares. Although it provides a clean and sustainable energy source, the related environmental implications of PV farms could be either positive or negative. In this study, some of the main categories of impacts have been selected for identification and analysis of their environmental consequences. Several indicators have been computed: the share of PV farms from the main land use/cover categories and main soil types, and the distance of PV farms to forests, water bodies, or protected areas. The overall results of the study reveal the current and potential impacts of PV farms in order to understand the interactions between the environment and the use of renewable energy sources and further support science-based solutions for sustainable development.


BACKGROUND
In recent years, many researchers have focused on legacy data utilization, such as pooled analyses that collect and re-analyze data from multiple studies. However, the methodology for the integration of pre-existing databases whose data were collected for different purposes has not been established. Previously, we developed a tool to efficiently generate Study Data Tabulation Model (SDTM) data from hypothetical clinical trial data using the Clinical Data Interchange Standards Consortium (CDISC) SDTM.

OBJECTIVE
To design a practical model for integrating pre-existing databases using the CDISC SDTM.

METHODS
Data integration was performed in three phases: i) confirmation of the variables, ii) SDTM mapping, and iii) generation of the SDTM data. In phase 1, the definitions of the variables in detail were confirmed, and the datasets were converted to vertical datasets. In phase 2, the items derived from the SDTM format were set as mapping items. Three types of metadata (domain name, variable name, and test code), based on the CDISC SDTM, were embedded in the REDCap field annotation. In phase 3, the data dictionary, including the SDTM metadata, were output in the Operational Data Model (ODM) format. Finally, the mapped SDTM were generated using REDCap2SDTM v2.

RESULTS
SDTM data were generated as a comma-separated values file for each of the seven domains defined in the metadata. Twenty-two items were commonly mapped to three databases. Because the SDTM data were set in each database correctly, we were able to integrate three independently pre-existing databases into one database in the CDISC SDTM format.

CONCLUSIONS
Our project suggests that the CDISC SDTM is useful for integrating multiple pre-existing databases.

CLINICALTRIAL


Background and purpose: Urban trees provide a number of services including shade and thermal attenuation. This is related to morphological and physiological characteristics of trees and may vary between species and even between individuals of the same species. The aim of this work was to identify thermic attenuations on concrete sidewalks under six tropical urban trees with six different types of shadows. Materials and methods: In Santa Marta City, Colombia (10o12 ́20" N, 74o13 ́33" W, 10 meters above sea level and 31oC temperature), we selected six trees (species) with different types of shade, and they are evaluated for soil temperature and the temperature in the shade and off throughout the day for four different days of the year. ANOVA and t-tests were performed with R program in order to identify the influence of the specie, the day, the hour and the position (at the thermic comfort level, surface temperature) on the temperature results obtained. urban surface materials [11-13]. For example, asphalt roads can reach temperatures over 70oC without shadow effect causing a reduction in the life cycle of this kind of surface and inducing other effects such as the release of toxic – mutagenic gases [14, 15]. The aim of this work was to identify thermic attenuations on concrete sidewalks under six tropical urban trees with six different types of shadows in Santa Marta city, Colombia. MATERIALS AND METHODS This research was developed in Santa Marta City, Colombia (10o12 ́20" N, 74o13 ́33" W, 10 meters above sea level) (Figure 1), which has an average temperature of 32.6 oC (Figure 2), and 443 mm of rain per year (Figure 3) [16]. Results and conclusion: Some trees have the most translucent shadows most likely due to nictinastic movements and consequently less temperature attenuation. On the other hand, other trees have denser shadows and can generate more substantial thermic attenuations. Regarding temperature data, the hour of the day shows the greatest influence on the variability of air temperature and the species shows the greatest influence on the variability of surface temperature. Honey berry (Meliccoca bijugatus) and Malay almond (Terminalia catappa) trees have denser shadows and can generate more substantial thermic attenuations. Tree physiology can play an important role in temperature attenuation in cities as a result of shadow effects and can be applied as a criterion to select urban trees in tropical cities.


In recent decades, modernization is extensively changing the face of Iranian cities. Besides, urban places are losing their traditional features, identity and cultural characteristics. Conservation of cultural heritage resources rescued historical parts of the cities; hence, other traditional urban spaces do not receive enough attention and protection due to economic concerns. Mashhad, as one of the main religious touristic destinations in Iran, is unfortunately losing its traditional features due to extensive attractions of physical transformations. Economic profits fascinating constructions into the city center of Mashhad, specially surrounding areas of the holly shrine. This issue has been led to demolishment of the old texture of the city center. Sarshoor bazaar is one of rescued traditional urban public spaces in city center of Mashhad with characteristics of an Iranian ancient bazaar.  This study mainly focuses on cultural and aesthetical patterns of traditional Iranian bazaars in order to provide a conceptual strategy for revitalization of Sarshoor bazaar. To this aim, a theoretical review is provided through main representative factors of cultural landscape to decide about a proper strategy for improving cultural quality of the selected case study. We also provide a practical analysis through social and behavioral patterns of the citizens and pilgrims in public spaces to realize material and immaterial features of Sarshoor bazaar, and consequently, find out any possible opportunity of improving tangible and intangible characteristics of this case study area. To capture cultural landscape qualities of Sarshoor bazaar, a final design is provided to envelope a light traditional surface representing the visual landscape of the bazaar. Main passage and piazzas are also equipped for the movements of pilgrims and setting up annual traditional and social events.


This paper addresses the problem of trajectory tracking of underactuated surface vessels (USVs) in the presence of thruster failure. Multilayer neural networks (MNNs) are employed to estimate the unknown model parameters and external disturbances. To design a fault-tolerant controller without a fault detection scheme, we use the Nussbaum gain technique. We introduce an additional control to resolve the difficulty arising from having fewer inputs than degrees-of-freedom. Further, an approach angle is proposed to track both a straight and curved path. Stability analysis and simulations are performed to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed scheme.


Environmental effects of land use and cover change is one of the hot issues of global change research.Changes of urban land use patterns and structures would cause a certain impacts on urban environment in rapid urbanization process.Land use can influence water environment by changing the flow of material and energy.In this study,we chose Zhengzhou city as the study area to further reveal the relationship between urban land use and surface water pollution.Based on image interpretation data and surface water quality data,Spatial Analysis Module in ArcGIS Software,Nemerow Comprehensive Pollution Index(NCPI) and Canonical Correlation Analysis(CCA),this study analyzed the changing characteristics of land use patterns and structure of Zhengzhou city in its rapid urbanization process,the situation of city's surface water pollution,and emphasized the impacts of area changes of different land use types on the concentrations of major pollutants in surface water.The results indicated that the urban areas of Zhengzhou city had expanded quickly in the period of 1998—2008.The area of built-up and industrial storage land increased by 124% and 158%,respectively,which lead to the vast occupation of farmland and significant change of land use structure.The surface water has been seriously polluted in the past decade.The concentration of various pollutants,including petroleum,ammonia nitrogen,volatile phenol,etc.,in rivers and reservoirs were seriously overweighed.There were significant positive correlations between industrial storage land and volatile phenol and petroleum pollutants;built-up land and fluoride;transportation land and petroleum.However,significant negative correlations were found between garden land and heavy metal pollutants;waters and biochemical oxygen demand(BOD).The rapid expanding of urban built-up land,industrial storage land,and transportation land was one of the reasons resulting in serious surface water pollution.It would be beneficial to the city's surface water protection that the area of ecological land,such as green garden,had increased and the structure and pattern of urban land use had been optimized and adjusted.


The aim of our research is to use the GPS log captured over 2 days from a PDA and try to extract locations the user have visited. For this research, we have logged GPS data over two days when the user was moving at least 2 miles per hour. To achieve this we cluster the information using data mining clustering software and then analyse the results to see which locations represent a place the user has spent his time.


The $GW$ approach of many-body perturbation theory has become a common tool for calculating the electronic structure of materials. However, with increasing number of published results, discrepancies between the values obtained by different methods and codes become more and more apparent. For a test set of small- and wide-gap semiconductors, we demonstrate how to reach the numerically best electronic structure within the framework of the full-potential linearized augmented plane-wave (FLAPW) method. We first evaluate the impact of local orbitals in the Kohn-Sham eigenvalue spectrum of the underlying starting point. The role of the basis-set quality is then further analyzed when calculating the ${G}_{0}{W}_{0}$ quasiparticle energies. Our results, computed with the exciting code, are compared to those obtained using the projector-augmented plane-wave formalism, finding overall good agreement between both methods. We also provide data produced with a typical FLAPW basis set as a benchmark for other ${G}_{0}{W}_{0}$ implementations.


We examine the validity of an assumption commonly made when carrying out free energy perturbation (FEP) calculations: The contributions to the free energy difference from intraperturbed group interactions are negligible. We show: (A) that these contributions are not, in fact, necessarily negligible; and (B) that, in particular, the bond‐stretching contribution resulting from changes in equilibrium bond lengths is important, but can be extremely difficult to calculate using standard procedures. We show how this contribution can be determined using an alternative ''pseudopotential of mean force'' correction. We also examine the behavior of the calculated free energy with the length of the simulation, and conclude that simulation times significantly longer than those typically used at present (e.g., ≥200 ps) may be required to yield reliable and accurate results.


The Fourth International MARGOT Conference - June 18-20, 2014 Barnard College, New York City  Women and Community in the Ancien Regime: Traditional and New Media Scholarly Focus This three-day conference will feature research and teaching approaches that explore how women participated in and contributed to different kinds of community in medieval and early modern Europe. Conference sessions will feature presentations based on texts and images in traditional manuscript and print format, as wel...


Routing and steering of optical beams in guiding structures is an attracting function, especially for the realization of inter-chip and intra-chip optical dynamic interconnections. Several physical mechanisms were used, in a huge variety of materials and device configuration. In this paper we propose a simple solution that allows efficient beam steering in a PMMA/PUR/PMMA slab waveguide, by means of thermal control. The operation principle is based on the generation of a 2D temperature distribution field in the slab waveguide cross section, which induces lateral confinement for the propagating optical radiation. In particular, the choice for core and cladding fabrication, of materials characterized by negative thermo-optic coefficient, allows to push away the optical beam from the hottest region and control the spatial position by tuning the temperature difference between hot and cold electrode. In this way, it is possible to achieve a sort of "analog" operation of the device, whose steering efficiency is proportional to the dissipated power. It has been evaluated a maximum lateral beam steering of about 40 micron, before that the lateral confinement at the cold side vanishes Propagation analysis confirms the results obtained from the modal simulations. The high thermal efficiency of the structure allows the desired behavior with an estimated power expense of few of milliwatts, due to the extremely high thermal insulating characteristic of PMMA and PUR. On the other hand, its dynamic is quite slow; this fact is confirmed by simulated switching time of hundreds of milliseconds. An alternative proposal, with a PUR slab waveguide directly realized on an oxidized silicon substrate, shows faster switching times below one millisecond, but higher driving power.


A superconducting radio-frequency module of CESR type serves as the accelerating cavity at the Taiwan Light Source (TLS) in the National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center. During its routine operation at TLS beginning in 2005, a strong correlation of the movement of the cavity's frequency tuner with the temperature variation of parts cooled with liquid nitrogen was observed. After comprehensive tests on a testing SRF module, satisfactory suppression of the thermal oscillation was achieved. A phase separator with pressure regulation supplied liquid nitrogen to the SRF module, and a thermally insulated buffer tank was installed between the SRF module and the warmer of the exhausted nitrogen. Regulation of either the flow rate of nitrogen or the pressure in the buffer tank improved the temperature stability with an appropriate setting. The motion of the frequency tuner resulting from the temperature fluctuation thereby became suppressed. Identical SRF modules are currently operated in other colliders and light sources such as CESR, CLS, DLS and SSRF; this work is thus essential to improve the operation performance of the SRF module of CESR type for accelerator application.


Emergency preparedness and response (EPR) systems for managing aquatic animal disease outbreaks are contingency planning arrangements that can minimize the impacts of serious aquatic animal disease outbreaks, whether at the national, subnational or farm level — such systems have the objective of containing (preventing the further spread) or eradicating emergency disease outbreaks, thereby greatly reducing the impact, scale and costs of outbreaks. An effective EPR system ensures that there are pre-agreed protocols and resources in place to act quickly in responding to suspected outbreaks of emergency diseases. Importantly, they established a clear structure for effective and rapid decision-making with clearly defined responsibilities and authority.


Abstract This paper explores the ways in which ideas of chorography and theories of empire were drawn upon in the first half of the seventeenth century to sustain notions of Britishness following the 1603 Union of Crowns. In extending our understanding of early modern geography's role in nation building, it considers, too, the representation of geographical knowledges relating to union and empire in two forms: court masques and triumphal processions. These practices, it is argued, should be understood as taking place within particular analytic spaces, namely the court and the street. The representation of geographical knowledge in these ways and in those spaces is seen to be crucial to the 'making' not only of the 'Empire of Great Britain' but of geography itself as a discursive practice.


Tirso de Molina's auto, No le arriendo la ganancia, has long been recognized as one of the playwright's most elusive and understudied works, the curious distinction attributable in large part to the play's anomalous genre profile.1 is it, in fact, really a sacramental auto, or might it not be more accurately classified under some other theatrical rubric, perhaps as a one-act social satire or morality play?2 Written in about 1612 or 1613, its authorial authenticity unquestioned having been included in Tirso's multi-genre religious miscellany Deleytar aprovechando (1635), most scholars reject the play outright as not being a true auto sacramental because of its obvious non-conformity to Lopean models.3 While certainly not denying Lope's invaluable contributions to the genre, among them his lyricism, comedia-like structure, and the all-important apotheosis, or final Eucharistic tableau (Wardropper 291), his allegory – that is, the way he renders visible and performative those concepts that are invisible for his audience – is essentially rudimentary and falls short of the high level of theological sophistication and abstraction seen later in the autos of Calderón, recognized master of the genre. The latter's personification allegory, however, tends toward the abstruse at times, especially when it comes to the portrayal of the theologically abstract. often the actors portraying such figures as Grace, Prudence innocence, Memory, Understanding, and the like, are forced to rely on extensive verbal explanations and the wearing of a host of symbolic trappings to aid the audience in keeping the plethora of performing abstractions on stage within an orderly cognitive framework (Kurtz 211; rodríguez Cuadros 105). A close examination of No le arriendo la ganancia, on the other hand, shows how


Image steganography enables secure communication whether even intimating the enemy regarding the occurrence of communication. Steganography and cryptography play a vast role in rendering effective security for the secret data. However, when the presence of the secret message is revealed then, the secret message is disclosed, which is the major drawback of the existing strategies. Thus, the paper proposes an effective image sharing and steganography method using the Haar wavelet. There are two phases in this research: encoding and decoding phase. In the first phase, the encoding phase, where the secret message is embedded in the input image using the proposed Haar wavelet-based steganography, while in the decoding phase, the secret message is uncovered. In the decoding phase, the Lagrange's interpolation is applied that decodes the secret message from the stego or embedded image. The great significance of the method is that the greater degree of security is rendered against the security attacks and is a robust strategy for combining the secret sharing of messages and steganography. The analysis of the proposed method with respect to the existing methods is enabled using the 500 stego images acquired from the UCID database. The comparative analysis of the proposed method based on the metrics, such as Peak Signal-To-Noise Ratio (PSNR) and Structural Similarity (SSIM) index reveals that the proposed method acquired a maximal PSNR and SSIM of 57.142 dB and 0.9991, respectively.


The efficacy and general safety of flumazenil (YM684), a specific benzodiazepine antagonist, have been evaluated. Forty-seven patients scheduled for surgery under lumbar spinal or epidural anesthesia with diazepam sedation received flumazenil at the end of the procedure. Criteria of efficacy were the degree of sedation and antegrade amnesia. Before injection all patients were heavily sedated with the mean dose of 27 mg of diazepam (range 10-50 mg). After the mean dose of 0.21 mg of flumazenil (range 0.2-0.4 mg), all patients were awake or drowsy within 1-6 min but sedation recurred in one patient 1 hour later. The amnesia was eliminated by flumazenil in 34 patients (72%). No serious side-effects or hemodynamic changes were observed after flumazenil. It is concluded that flumazenil is an effective antagonist of sedation induced by diazepam.


Soil salinity has emerged as a serious issue for food security due to global climate change. It is estimated that currently about 62 million hectares or 20 percent of the world's irrigated land is affected by salinity. Salinity is a serious problem in the coastal areas of Bangladesh. Isolation of salt-tolerant plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB) and applying them as bioinoculants in crop plants are considered promising and effective biotechnological approaches to combat soil salinity. This study aimed to screen salt-tolerant PGPB from the root, leaf, and rhizospheric soils of rice plants collected from salt-affected coastal areas including Chattogram, Noakhali, Lakshmipur, and Cox's Bazar districts of Bangladesh and evaluated their performances on the seedling growth of rice. Out of forty-one salinity-tolerant bacterial isolates screened, Brevibacterium sediminis showed salinity tolerance up to 12% NaCl (w/v). In vitro bioassay revealed that B. sediminis promoted the seedling growth of rice cv. BRRI dhan29 (salinity susceptible) and BINAdhan-10 (salinity tolerant), and the growth-promoting effects were higher in BINAdhan-10. This study for the first time identified B. sediminis strain IBGE3C as a salt-tolerant PGPB from a widely cultivated rice variety, BRRI dhan28 in the Lakshmipur district of Bangladesh. Our results suggest that salt-tolerant PGPB isolated from the root, leaf, and rhizospheric soil of rice plants could be used as a low cost and environmentally friendly option for overcoming the detrimental effects of salt stress on rice plants in the southern coastal regions of Bangladesh. However, further studies are needed for assessing the efficacy of B. sediminis on enhancement of salinity tolerance, and growth and yield of rice under salinity stressed conditions.


It is generally stated that drinking plenty of water has a positive influence on skin condition. However, there is no published scientific study that has investigated this matter. The aim of our exploratory 'before‐after' study was to evaluate the in vivo influence of drinking more than 2 L of mineral water or ordinary tap water per day on skin physiology. Ninety‐three healthy subjects were included in our prospective study. After an initial run‐in phase of 2 weeks to monitor individual drinking habits, subjects had to drink 2.25 L day−1 of either mineral water (n = 53) or tap water (n = 40) for 4 weeks. Bioengineering in vivo measurements on the volar forearm included sonographic evaluation of skin thickness and density, determination of skin surface pH, assessment of skin surface morphology, and measurement of finger circumference. Eighty‐six subjects completed the study. In the mineral water group measurements revealed a statistically significant decrease in skin density. Skin thickness increased slightly, albeit not at a statistically significant level. However, when separately analysing those individuals from the mineral water group, who had routinely drunken comparably little before the start of the study, their skin thickness increased at a statistically significant level. Skin surface pH remained almost unchanged in the physiologically optimal range. In the tap water group, skin density increased significantly, while skin thickness decreased significantly. Skin surface pH decreased at a statistically significant level. While in the mineral water group finger circumference decreased significantly, measurements in the tap water group revealed a statistically significant increase. Objective skin surface morphology did not change in any group. In summary, drinking more than 2 L of water per day can have a significant impact on skin physiology. The exact effects within the skin seem to differ depending on the nature of the water ingested. Randomized, controlled, double‐blind follow‐up trials are warranted to confirm the findings of our exploratory pilot study.


Summary form only given. This paper describes the design and the implementation of a 20kJ/s resonant converter based compact high-voltage capacitor chargers with two different transformers and rectifiers structure in order to provide a variety of maximum output voltage. Series-parallel resonant converter (SPRC) based resonant inverter allows not only high-power density but also high-efficiency owing to the high-frequency operation with soft-switching at turn-on as well as turn-off transition. In addition, the capacitors which are used for balancing the voltage across each diode for highvoltage rectifier were designed to shape the resonant current as trapezoidal and it provides less conduction loss compared to the sinusoidal waveform. Based on a novel structure of resonant inverter, two kinds of high-voltage transformers and rectifiers are designed for 10kV and 40kV maximum output voltage specifications, respectively. With the considerations of the insulation in the air, the implementation of highvoltage part for 10 kV output such as transformer bobbin and rectifier circuit is explained. For the 40 kV charger, otherwise usually requires oil insulation, a detailed design of the highvoltage parts including oil box, transformer, rectifier, and cooling structure is provided. Furthermore, the design of transformer with two secondary windings facilitates a variety of maximum output voltage as 5 kV, 10 kV, 20 kV, 40 kV with 20 kJ/s average charging power by simple modification of rectifier connection. A detailed design and implementation procedure as well as experimental results which were carried out with various kinds of load are discussed in the following paper.


The paper discusses the techniques utilized for determining the International Space Station (ISS) radio frequency (RF) systems' compatibly with other RF systems and with electronic circuits. The ISS is a unique, challenging adventure that requires a large number of RF systems to operate in close proximity within a 70 m sphere. These systems range from items critical to ISS operations, communications, and control to systems monitoring scientific experiments. Considerations include the RF systems of one or more visiting vehicles. Techniques are included to determine compatibility issues of ISS RF systems, other US space operation systems and the systems of the Russian, Japanese, and European space agencies. The technical challenge in planning and maintaining the RF systems' operations requires several automated software programs for frequency planning and management. These programs utilize EMC techniques to calculate potential interference between RF systems, in addition to the effect the transmitted signals may have on critical electronic circuitry on the ISS. The actual number of ISS RF systems is fluid due to visiting space vehicles and experiments utilizing RF systems. The need for on going analysis is constant.


Currently, the video annotation process becomes a very necessary task to overcome the problem of finding the adequate information on a huge database. To achieve this, it will be necessary to translate low level analysis results to a semantic meaning related to the video sequence, generally known as problem of semantic gap. Many researchers have worked on this issue in the aim to find new solutions, where the ontology paradigm is represented as one of them. In this paper, we consider this problem by developing a soccer ontology, that is used in our OSAS annotation system (Ontology Soccer Annotation System). This one is based on a set of Semantic Web Rule Language (SWRL) rules that bridges the semantic gap problem. Our idea show new directions and perspectives for future developments.


A representative agent fears that his model, a continuous time Markov process with jump and diffusion components, is misspecified and therefore uses robust control theory to make decisions. Under the decision maker's approximating model, that cautious behavior puts adjustments for model misspecification into factor prices for risk. We use a statistical theory of detection to quantify the appropriate amount of model misspecification that the decision maker should fear. Related semigroups describe (1) an approximating model; (2) the behavior of model detection statistics; (3) a model misspecification adjustment to the continuation value in the decision maker's Bellman equation; and (4) asset prices.


A cuboid-like Bi2Fe4O9/Ag with graphene-wrapping tribrid nanoarchitecture was fabricated using a delicate multistep synthesis process. It is designed to effectively enhance the performance of the pristine Bi2Fe4O9 in the removal of organic pollutants [up to 97% of methylene blue (MB) removal in 30 min under visible light irradiation] through ternary collaboration among Bi2Fe4O9, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), and reduced graphene oxide (rGO). The challenges, such as mass transfer of pollutants in water treatment, recombination of electrons/holes, and interconversion between Fe(III) and Fe(II) states within Bi2Fe4O9, could be addressed effectively. The resulting samples (i.e., Bi2Fe4O9/Ag/rGO, Bi2Fe4O9/Ag, and Bi2Fe4O9) were characterized by various techniques, and their differences in physical and chemical properties were investigated. Meanwhile, their applications in the removal of organic pollutants were assessed via photo-Fenton oxidation and photocatalysis under visible light irradiation. The findings ...


Acute primary angle-closure (APAC) is a notable ophthalmic crisis described by sudden and excessive increases in intraocular pressure (IOP) (1). Severe episodes of APAC can prompt the advancement of visual field damage, chronic glaucoma, and visual deficiency (2,3). APAC has a higher incidence in parts of Asia; for example, its revealed occurrence is 12.2/100,000 per year in Singapore Chinese and 10.4/100,000 per year in Hong Kong Chinese (4). Early biometric research (5,6) has demonstrated that the APAC eyes often have a shallower anterior chamber, a smaller corneal diameter, a thicker Original Article


Abstract Molecular dynamics computer simulations were employed to study damage production mechanisms at solid surfaces during bombardment with kiloelectronvolt ions. Three separate mechanisms are identified: ballistic damage, viscous flow and microexplosions. Ballistic damage is created by the direct knock-on of atoms onto the surface as described within the binary collision approximation. Viscous flow refers to local melting and the forced flow of liquid onto the surface, and microexplosions occur when the high pressures in cascades lead to rupturing of the nearby surface. The relative importance of each mechanism depends on several parameters: atomic mass, melting temperature, atomic density, structure and atomic bonding of the target, and the mass and energy of the projectile. The simulations were performed for Pt. Au, Cu, Ni and Ge self-atom bombardment. Cascades in the interior of the targets were also examined to provide a comparison for the surface events. In addition several events of 4.5keV Ne an...


Stroke is the third most common cause of death in the United Kingdom and the single greatest cause of severe disability. The effects of stroke are complex but the impact on emotional wellbeing is arguably one of the most problematic aspects of stroke rehabilitation to address. Nurses play a key role in stroke rehabilitation and the ways in which they interact with and respond to the emotional experience of stroke, may be crucial to the well-being of the patient and their relatives.

Informed by an interactionist theory of emotion, the aims of this interpretive ethnographic study were to explore the emotional experiences of persons affected by a stroke (patients and relatives), nurses' interpretations of these experiences and how they used them to inform and influence person-to-person interactions during the period of hospital-based rehabilitation. Taking a case study approach, a purposive sample of 10 cases was selected, with each 'case' comprising a patient, their closest relative and the nurses who provide their care. Data were constructed through participant observation, interviews and documentary review.

Data analysis revealed that through a complex interplay of core beliefs, personal and professional attributes and interpersonal skills, nurses enabled patients and relatives to access and utilise their own personal attributes in order to recover from stroke. An emergent relationship model explains how the relationships built and sustained between nurses, patients and relatives during their encounters with each other on a stroke rehabilitation unit are central to creating a positive culture of caring which promotes emotional wellbeing and aids recovery. The findings have implications for policy, clinical practice, health care education and research.


The invention relates to a preparation method of a polyester composition with high surface gloss, which comprises the following steps of: mixing the raw materials of the polyester composition evenly, then adding into an extrusion machine by a feed hopper, heating in the extrusion machine to a molten state, applying ultrasonic irradiation before a material extrusion opening mold, extruding and granulating to obtain the polyester composition with high surface gloss. Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages of direct aluminum metal evaporation, high surface gloss, good heat resistance, excellent demolding property, high qualification rate and the like. The surface gloss of the prepared polyester composition with high surface gloss can reach 102.


Considering the characteristics of credit evaluation on Chinese enterprises, this paper analyzes the basic principles and the influeritial factors of credit evaluation to establishe an evaluation index system. As enterprise credit evaluation is a kind of problem classification influential including many independent variables, fussy consistent matrix and principle component analysis are introduced and an evaluation model is set up based on PCA / FCM. It results in the evaluation model closing to people′s thinking pattern and the index weights are more objective. Using the model and SPSS11.0, MATLAB7.0 to evaluate sample enterprises, the result demonstrates that the described model is very efficient and practical.


This paper presents an original way to look at the prob- lem of induction. It is based on the evidence that there is no logic justification in separating the universal affirmative proposition of an inductive inference on a certain topic from the opposite particular negative on the same topic, as far as both derive from the same ob- servational premises. At the operational level, such a practice of separation could be explained, although probably not justified, through basic issues related to the so-called 'focal attention.' This offers a plausible alternative to the solution presented by Hume in terms of 'custom' or 'habit.'


Development of a mechanism with dual remote center of motion (dual-RCM mechanism) intended for teleoperated ophthalmic surgery is reported in this paper. First, characteristics of RCM mechanisms are analyzed. Then, a method to synthesize dual-RCM mechanisms is proposed. Further the mechanical design parameters are optimized to synthesize types of mechanisms meeting functional requirements as well as workspace constraints. The dual-RCM mechanism intended for teleoperated ophthalmic surgery includes two end-effectors: one provides the tool insertion, the other tracks eye movement. The superiority is embodied in the self-synchronized motion of double end-effectors, which allows RCM point of the working instrument to track the penetration point real-time, thereby enhancing microsurgical accuracy. In the proposed implementation, a conceptual helmet mechanical architecture integrating surgical tools with triple-parallelogram linkages is introduced to release the surgeon's hands by enabling more robotic technologies during the procedures. The vision of the research is to help revolutionize the ophthalmic surgical procedures from bimanual fashion to master-slave teleoperation.Copyright © 2015 by ASME


By means of mapping,statistics,surveys,systematic research,etc.,this paper introduces the study on the space design of Olympic Strip-shaped Park on Tsinghua East Road comprehensively and thoroughly.Focusing on the design pattern"multi-theme space+linear space",i.e.,a linear footpath run through many small spaces with different themes,we also get some inspiration through the analysis on their different characteristics.


In this article we present a control scheme for triggering a SCR-based rectifier circuit. As implementation platform we use a field-programmable-analog-array device (FPAA) that allows the development of algorithms for proportional, PID and sliding mode (SMC) control techniques. Results show good performance of tested techniques to avoid effects of perturbations over the circuit load, by keeping regulated the output voltage. This suggests the potential use of the proposed technology for applications of reconfigurable hardware in power electronics.


The latest attack type against network traffic appeared by worm and bot that are advanced in DDoS. It is difficult to detect them because they are diversified, intelligent, concealed and automated. The exisiting traffic analysis method using SNMP has a vulnerable problem; it considers normal P2P and other application program to be harmful traffic. It also has limitation that does not analyze advanced programs such as worm and bot to harmful traffic. Therefore, we analyzed harmful traffic out Protocol and Port analysis. We also classified traffic by protocol, well-known port, P2P port, existing attack port, and specification port, apply singularity weight to detect, and analyze attack availability. As a result of simulation, it is proved that it can effectively detect P2P application, worm, bot, and DDoS attack.


In this paper, we present a comprehensive analysis of star-forming galaxies (SFGs) at intermediate redshifts (z ∼ 1). We combine the ultra-deep optical spectro-photometric data from the Survey for High-z Absorption Red and Dead Sources (SHARDS) with deep UV-to-FIR observations in the GOODS-N field. Exploiting two of the 25 SHARDS medium-band filters, F687W17 and F823W17, we select [O ii] emission line galaxies at z ∼ 0.84 and z ∼ 1.23 and characterize their physical properties. Their rest-frame equivalent widths (EWrf([O ii])), line fluxes, luminosities, star formation rates (SFRs), and dust attenuation properties are investigated. The evolution of EWrf([O ii]) closely follows the SFR density evolution of the universe, with a trend of EWrf([O ii]) ∝ ?> (1 + z)3 up to redshift z ≃ 1, followed by a possible flattening. The SF properties of the galaxies selected on the basis of their [O ii] emission are compared with complementary samples of SFGs selected by their MIR and FIR emission, and also with a general mass-selected sample of galaxies at the same redshifts. We demonstrate observationally that the UVJ diagram (or, similarly, a cut in the specific SFR) is only partially able to distinguish the quiescent galaxies from the SFGs. The SFR–M* relation is investigated for the different samples, yielding a logarithmic slope ∼1, in good agreement with previous results. The dust attenuations derived from different SFR indicators (UV(1600), UV(2800), [O ii], IR) are compared and show clear trends with respect to both the stellar mass and total SFR, with more massive and highly star-forming galaxies being affected by stronger dust attenuation.


In rural and urban areas of Burkina Faso focus groups were conducted with unmarried male and female adolescents married female adolescents and parents of adolescents and interviews were conducted with 30 key informants living in Ouagadougou Kouritenga and Sanmatenga Provinces. The study aimed to understand their knowledge of reproductive health services to identify barriers to contraceptive use among adolescents and to identify existing information sources on sexual relations and to determine the quality of the information received. The principal sources of information on sexuality for adolescents were friends and the mass media. The quality of this information was questionable as demonstrated by the many statements of misinformation revealed in the focus groups. The adolescents seemed to be very familiar with the availability of reproductive health services but they believed that these services do not target adolescents. The perception that physicians treat adolescents poorly was associated with general shame of sexuality and sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) and reinforced barriers to using these services. Few adolescents used contraceptives or other means to prevent STDs even though the adolescents had high knowledge levels about sexuality and STDs. Contraception education specific to adolescents was lacking. Parents often did not know how to approach the subject of sexuality with their children and did not discuss it. Current AIDS/STD education was ineffective as demonstrated by the considerable misinformation expressed in the focus groups. Based on these findings recommendations were developed. Radio shows performed by youth must be better organized and expanded to TV. Theater Forum presentations in rural and urban zones would provide a means to help parents discuss sexuality with their children. Training on how to treat adolescents with respect and not to act in a judgmental manner is needed for health providers.


(DSM-5), "a personality disorder is an enduring pattern of inner experience and behavior that deviates markedly from the expectations of the individual's culture, is pervasive and inflexible, has an onset in adolescence or early adulthood, is stable over time, and leads to distress or impair -ment". In this new edition, the American Psychiatry Association has added an alternative model of personality disorder (PD) evaluation that reflects a need for a complimentary view of this psy-chiatric disorder and addresses "numerous shortcomings" of the current conceptual clinical basis. Indeed, these shortcomings appear in all medical fields. Despite technology, evolving knowledge and guidelines, there will always be gaps in human models, whether they are empiri -cal, statistical or subjective paradigms. Thus, PDs are subjective and difficult to measure, and the heuristic values of these disorders are ambiguous because they have a historical background belonging to human development. There is some overlapping among all the theories, but they are difficult to apply in clinical practice. In this letter, we give our support to the idea that PDs are among the disorders that incite disagreement within the research and clinical fields, in comparison with other diseases or psy-chiatric illnesses. From this scenario, one question emerges: How would we measure someone's intimate perception of inner or outer realities? Philosophers are working on this issue, but we psychiatrists are trying to "read thoughts and minds," so as to allocate and classify them into categories. This challenge may be reflected in the practices of clinicians, surgeons, gynecolo-gists, obstetricians, pediatricians, oncologists and so on, who will face patients with all types of behaviors, from eccentric to numb, elated to depressed, impulsive to protracted and anxious to fearless, and other antithetical pairs of adjectives relating to human emotions.Patients with PDs can be found in different kinds of medical specialties, hospital wards and outpatient settings. Although psychiatry has become a prevalent issue in academic and clinical practice, the nosological category "PD" is still a challenge even to psychiatrists, and is associated with poor treatment outcomes, legal issues, self-injuries, aggressiveness, hostility, staff distress, impairment of the doctor-patient relationship and other variables that may contribute to failure in several realms.In clinical practice, it is commonly observed that doctors (other than psychiatrists) are not trained to identify patients at risk of or presenting personality traits that would be diagnosed as a PD. For example, pediatricians or clinicians might be faced with evaluating and treating cases like that of an adolescent hospitalized due to an infectious disease who evolves with externalizing behaviors (and whose parents may also have a psychopathological condition). Behavioral disorders of this nature will require an approach that goes beyond physical examination and, instead, evalu -ates the disturbed adolescent's environmental, familial, genetic and temperamental background. Another example might be a 17-year-old woman in her 36


The conventional method of measuring the insertion loss of a partition relies on an assumption of the sound field in the source room being diffuse and the classical relation between the spatial average of the mean square pressure in the source room and the incident sound power per unit area; and it has always been regarded as impossible to measure the sound power that is incident on a wall directly. This paper examines a new method of determining this quantity from sound pressure measurements at positions on the wall using 'statistically optimised near field acoustic holography' (SONAH). The purpose is to examine whether one should use a correction similar to the well-known 'Waterhouse correction' when the incident sound power is deduced from the sound pressure in the source room. a Email address: email@example.com


In public underground construction projects, there is a high conflict level between owner and contractor, and there have been several court cases over the past years. The thesis goal is to obtain an overview and analyze which disputes end in the court system. Furthermore, the thesis will identify underlying factor for these disputes, and propose mitigation measures to counteract these factors. Literature review, document studies and interviews have been performed to obtain relevant data for the master's thesis. Four aspects were analyzed from the court cases; reason for litigation, court ruling per year, time spent in court, and cost and financial assessment of claims. Where these disputes originate, and factors contributing to the disputes, are discussed subsequently. The thesis concludes that the underlying factors for these disputes are; the procurement strategy, optimistic bidding, inadequate scheduling work, communication problems, and personal issues in the organizations. It is recommended to involve contractors early in the project and to implement conflict resolution technique during construction, to reduce the chance of court cases.