AbstractRecent decades have witnessed rapid urbanization and urban population growth resulting in urban sprawl of cities. This paper analyzes the spatiotemporal dynamics of the urbanization process (using remote sensing and spatial metrics) that has occurred in Delhi, the capital city of India, which is divided into nine districts. The urban patterns and processes within the nine administrative districts of the city based on raw satellite data have been taken into consideration. Area, population, patch, edge, and shape metrics along with Pearson's chi statistics and Shannon's entropy have been calculated. Three types of urban patterns exist in the city: 1) highly sprawled districts, namely, West, North, North East, and East; 2) medium sprawled districts, namely, North West, South, and South West; and 3) least sprawled districts—Central and New Delhi. Relative entropy, which scales Shannon's entropy values from 0 to 1, is calculated for the districts and time spans. Its values are 0.80, 0.92, and 0.50 from...


Under seismic action, it is easy for the traditional steel nodes to produce a greater degree of brittle failure. The assembly of steel outer annual node after its manufacture in the factory reduces the shear deformation of the structure, and improves the rigidity of the node. The destruction of the structure occurs mainly in some critical parts. By making a calculation of critical connections in this article, we can make the structure more secure.


This study was mainly conducted to assess the diversity of Eulophids and their host-parasite relationships. Two species of Genus Aprostocetus Westwood (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae: Tetrastichinae) have been discovered from Shitlakhet, Almora, India. Many species of the subgenus Aprostocetus are primary parasitoids of hosts in plant galls produced by various gall forming insects. Both the reported tetrastichine wasps were parasitizing to a gall forming psylloid, Pauropsylla ficicola Kieffer causing leaf galls on Ficus auriculata Lour. P. ficicola Kieffer is a very serious pest of this economically important tree. During the taxonomic investigation authors came across with two species of the Genus Aprostocetus emerged from the leaf galls in which one species is identified and redescribed as Aprostocetus ficicolae Singh and other one is described as A. Shitlakhetensis sp. nov. Which is new to Biological Science. This new species was distinguished from other allied species of the Genus Aprostocetus by various morphological characters. For the healthy production of fruits and leaves of Ficus auriculata, these two species of parasitic wasps could be used to manage the infestation caused by this pest.


At a time when mobile applications assisting in the planning of travel - tours, as well as sightseeing itself - have become commonplace, traditional methods of transmission seem to be losing in importance. However, for many people classic information boards are more convenient, and at the same time allow you to acquire the desired knowledge in a friendly and non-protecting way. Dynamic information boards (DIP), although they do not belong to the most traditional media, can play a complementary role in this area.


The Platys project focuses on developing a high-level, semantic notion of location called place. A place, unlike a geospatial position, derives its meaning from a user's actions and interactions in addition to the physical location where they occur. Our aim is to enable the construction of a large variety of applications that take advantage of place to render relevant content and functionality and thus, improve user experience. We consider elements of context that are particularly related to mobile computing. The main problems we have addressed to realize our place-oriented mobile computing vision, are representing places, recognizing places, engineering place-aware applications. We describe the approaches we have developed for addressing these problems and related subproblems. A key element of our work is the use of collaborative information sharing where users' devices share and integrate knowledge about places. Our place ontology facilitates such collaboration. Declarative privacy policies allow users to specify contextual features under which they prefer to share or not share their information.


Accurate timing synchronization of symbol is important for MIMO-OFDM system,and it can eliminate the integral frequency shift of carrier and intersymbol interference.Two-step timing synchronization method is proposed in this thesis.First,the time-domain pilot is employed to obtain coarse timing synchronization,then the interleaved cyclic prefix and maximum likelihood estimation method are adopted to adjust the synchronization difference,through which the correlational characteristic of that window could be improved and the peak value obtained only when the accurate timing presents for main path and multiple paths.


such that for every vertex v ∈ V (G), the sum of values of all edges incident with v is equal to the same constant; that is, l+(v) = c for sum fixed c ∈ A. A magic graph introduced by J. Sedlaced [5, 6]. An A-magic graph G is said to be Zh-magic graph if we choose the group A as Zh the group of integers mod h. These Zh-magic graph are referred as h-magic graphs . Clearly, if a graph is h-magic, then it is not necessary k-magic (k 6= h). An h-magic graph G is said to be h-zero-sum if there is a magic labeling of G in Zh which induces a vertex labeling with sum zero. The null set of a graph G, denoted by N(G), is the set of all natural numbers h ∈ N, such that G admits an h-zero-sum magic labeling. Let G be a graph and l : E(G) → A be a labeling on the edge set of G and A be an abelian group. The set of all constant integers such that ∑


BACKGROUND According to large studies like Framingham survey, anthropometric measurements are an important measurement for risk assessment of cardiometabolic disease. The correlation between anthropometric measurement and coronary artery disease (CAD) has been controversial in various studies conducted previously. Thus, to determine a better tool among WHR and BMI for assessing the severity of CAD the study was conducted among CAD patients. Also to compare the relationship between WHR and BMI in assessing severity of coronary artery disease and to correlate other independent risk factors in severity of CAD. METHODS The study included 103 patients presenting as acute coronary syndrome (ACS). All patients were subjected to past medical history, clinical examination including anthropometric assessments, laboratory investigations and coronary angiography was performed. They were grouped into significant CAD and insignificant CAD patients based on the luminal stenosis. RESULTS Among the 103 patients in the study, males and females were 80 (77.66 %) and 23 (22.33 %) respectively. In the study 91 (88.34 %) patients had CAD and 12 (11.65 %) patients had insignificant CAD. In the study most of the patients had STEMI 70 (68 %), followed by NSTEMI in 22 (21.4 %) and unstable angina in 11 (10.6 %). Among the CAD patients most of them had SVD 52 (50.5 %), then followed by DVD in 28 (27.2 %) and TVD in 11 (10.7 %). In the study, according to Spearman's rho correlation there was significant positive correlation between number of vessels affected and waist hip ratio. There was no significant correlation between BMI and number of vessels involved. CONCLUSIONS There was significant correlation between the WHR and severity of CAD compared to BMI and CAD. The study also showed positive correlation with the lipoprotein-a levels and severity of CAD. KEY WORDS Waist Hip Ratio, Body Mass Index, Coronary Artery Disease.


The prompt and accurate diagnosis of orbital apex syndrome (OAS) is very important because of its fatality. Here we report an old man with aspergillotic OAS diagnosed after two biopsies by nasal endoscopy and craniotomy. Only craniotomy leads to the appropriate diagnosis, suggesting an immediate need of additional biopsy for the accurate diagnosis and saving the patient.


Diagnostik bor vara mer an ren klassifikation. Den skall hjalpa oss att ordna informationen och ange terapi, nagot som kan tillgodoses genom flerledade diagnoser, anser artikelfor-fattaren. Leif Ojesjo ar f n verksam som rattspsykiater i Linkoping men han ar ocksa knuten till del s k Lundbyprojektet och arbetar pa en doktorsavhandling ipsykiatrisk epidemiologi.Linnaeus, Essen-Moller, Ottosson and Perris, all have given important Swedish contributions to the development of psychiatric classification and psychiatric diagnosis. The trend is now away from simple symptom and syndrome diagnoses to operationally defined, multiaxial diagnostic models (Kendell, 1975), necessary as well in the treatment of patients, in day-to-day communication with colleagues as in research, especially in psychiatric epidemiology. There is also a growing awareness of the political implications of the diagnosing process (Miller, 1970).


30 women underwent abortion by intraamniotic injection of 20% hypertonic saline solution through the cervical canal. All but 6 of the women were between 13-20 weeks of pregnancy. Abortion was successfully induced in 28 patients within 25-72 hours. The 2 failures were attributed to the inability to puncture the amniotic cavity in the early weeks of pregnancy (9-12 weeks). Generally the longer the term of gestation the shorter the time to abortion. No complications were reported. It is concluded that the cervical route for instillation of hypertonic saline is safer than the abdominal route.


One problem hospitals that have installed a computerized physician order entry (CPOE) system have been grappling with is the torrent of medical alerts generated by this technology.


One approach to incorporate sustainability in organisations is the implementation of life cycle management (LCM). LCM involves sharing responsibility for addressing environmental impacts across the entire supply chain of products and services, extending from raw material extraction to end-of-life of the product. The New Zealand primary sector relies heavily on natural resources and provides about 70% of the country's export revenue. Most companies in primary industry sectors in New Zealand are small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). Successful sector-wide uptake of LCM can potentially facilitate effective measurement and management of environmental impacts caused by this sector. The aim of this research was to identify the barriers and enablers to successful LCM uptake by New Zealand primary sector SMEs within a sector-based context. An extensive review of the literature was undertaken in the areas of change management for SMEs and supply chain management. The main factors influencing successful LCM uptake include owner/manager influence, environmental culture, resource availability, future orientation, knowledge of environmental issues, market requirements, geographical separation of production and consumption, awareness of own environmental issues and communication/information sharing. This paper forms the basis for future research and development of tools for the effective implementation of sector based approaches to LCM in the primary industry. The results of this research include a capability maturity model and the development of a cloud based platform for collaboration and communication around LCM.


Abstract Little is known about the life history and habits, including the reproductive behavior, of Pimephales tenellus. I collected 182 individuals and transferred them into 10 aquaria; of these fish, 18 pairs spawned. Based on my aquarium observations, P. tenellus exhibited the egg-clustering strategy similar to the other species of Pimephales.


Difficulty in expressing oneself using the International language is a continuing issue in classroom situations. The descriptive research design using correlational method was employed in this study. Point-biserial correlation was used to determine the degree of relationship between sex and nature of parents' occupation and psychological and English proficiency. Considering the many factors that affect learners especially in the affective and cognitive domains, it is vital to consider researches that may be helpful for the development of instruction. In order to find the significant relationship between respondent's age, sex, nature of curriculum, household average years of schooling, anxiety, motivation and English Proficiency, the relationship between respondents' demographics and psychological factors, and the respondent's age, sex, curriculum and psychological factors, the researcher conducted a study among 95 students. Results of this study showed that age, sex, curriculum, household average years of schooling, nature of occupation of parents and motivation have no effect on students' English proficiency, but household aggregate income has a significant relationship to students' EP, and household aggregate income affects anxiety of students. Age, gender, curriculum, household average years of schooling, nature of occupation of parents, and motivation to have no effect on respondents English Proficiency, simply because respondents were not engaged in intellectual activities at home which could have fostered their performance. Household aggregate income is related to their English Proficiency. Respondents have divided attention, it is their basic needs not education which was given priorities, since most of them come from low-income groups. Anxiety is a consequence of low-SES. Focused attention to learning is impossible for learners who are trying to make both ends meet


AbstractOne of the most notable ways the Laurentian Great Lakes impact the region's climate is by augmenting snowfall in downwind locations during autumn and winter months. Among many negative consequences, this surplus of snow can cause substantial property damage to homes and can escalate the number of traffic accident–related injuries and fatalities. The consensus among several previous studies is that lake-effect snowfall increased during the twentieth century in various locations in the Great Lakes region. The goal of this study is to better understand variability and long-term trends in Lake Michigan's lake-contribution snowfall (LCS). LCS accounts for both lake-effect and lake-enhanced events. In addition, this study updates findings from previous investigations using snowfall observations found by a recent study to be appropriate for climate studies. It is demonstrated that considerable variability exists in 5-yr periods of LCS east and south of Lake Michigan from 1920 to 2005. A general increase ...


<italic>Objective:</italic> This study aims to analyze the contribution and application of forced oscillation technique (FOT) devices in lung cancer assessment. Two devices and corresponding methods can be feasible to distinguish among various degrees of lung tissue heterogeneity. <italic>Methods:</italic> The outcome respiratory impedance <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$Z_{rs}$</tex-math></inline-formula> (in terms of resistance <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$R_{rs}$</tex-math></inline-formula> and reactance <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$X_{rs}$</tex-math></inline-formula>) is calculated for FOT and is interpreted in physiological terms by being fitted with a fractional-order impedance mathematical model (FOIM). The non-parametric data obtained from the measured signals of pressure and flow is correlated with an analogous electrical model to the respiratory system resistance, compliance, and elastance. The mechanical properties of the lung can be captured through <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$G_{r}$</tex-math></inline-formula> to define the damping properties and <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$H_{r}$</tex-math></inline-formula> to describe the elastance of the lung tissue, their ratio representing tissue heterogeneity <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\eta _{r}$</tex-math></inline-formula>. <italic>Results:</italic> We validated our hypotheses and methods in 17 lung cancer patients where we showed that FOT is suitable for non-invasively measuring their respiratory impedance. FOIM models are efficient in capturing frequency-dependent impedance value variations. Increased heterogeneity and structural changes in the lungs have been observed. The results present inter- and intra-patient variability for the performed measurements. <italic>Conclusion:</italic> The proposed methods and assessment of the respiratory impedance with FOT have been demonstrated useful for characterizing mechanical properties in lung cancer patients. <italic>Significance:</italic> This correlation analysis between the measured clinical data motivates the use of the FOT devices in lung cancer patients for diagnosis of lung properties and follow-up of the respiratory function modified due to the applied radiotherapy treatment.


A multistage small-signal amplifier is described having, instead of resistors, a current divider in the negative-feedback pad. The current divider is a transistor which has two collectors with very different current gains. In spite of not using any passive components, linear and stable amplification has been achieved, down to input currents of 10?11 A.


Beyond spatial displacement, migrations have a challenging nature, including the unraveling scope of cultural, political, ethnic and religious codes that constitute the ties of mental and social belonging, as well as the reconstruction within social reality of the migrated region. Since 2011 the political instability and civil war process in Syria has turned into a reality that led to hundreds of thousands of people to have died and millions of people embarked on a forced migration journey. The difficulties that emerge in migration processes undoubtedly affect children the most. This is because of the fact that the children, whose physical and psychological developments are not yet completed, are victims of various traumatic events, especially in violent conflict environments such as the civil war in Syria. Children who witness the casualties in the war environment may face a series of problems such as physical violence, harassment and abuse during the migration process involved. Furthermore, for children, who have to move away from their family, friendship and education, adapt to the new environment in their new migrated places, the well-being periods are prolonged considerably. In this context, the fact that approximately four million Syrians who have taken refugees, 45% of whom are the children under the age of eighteen in Turkey, has particularly been pointed out the importance in the studies focusing the integration of children as asylum seekers. Indeed, for the Syrians who do not have a return agenda yet to their home countries, it is possible to create a systematic application for asylum-seeking children by the society in Turkey in the medium and long term. At this stage, non-governmental organizations should be involved in the process actively by taking the initiative as the practices developed by the state organs towards the integration of Syrian children do not seem to have reached the required levels. In this study, which has been implemented in Hatay province as an international civil society project named as "Reyhanli Education village" model, refugee children have been investigated in terms of ensuring their integration in Turkey as an example of an institutional enterprise application.


Health education is about much more than keeping clean and eating well. Young children need to be aware of how their bodies work. They need to know about changes that take place when they are active or when they are ill, and to understand the reasons why they should keep themselves clean, eat well and have regular exercise. If they feel confident with these things and comfortable with their bodies, then they will grow in self-esteem and feel good about themselves as individuals. Children who are developing this inner confidence of mind and body at a young age will be more capable of coping with the changes associated with growing up and, later, dealing with some of the adverse influences of society, such as smoking, alcohol and drugs.


After the occurrence of network intrusion, the system is running in a state of the lower quality. Along with the system's tolerant capacity decline, it eventually stops providing services or even shutdown. This paper developed a Markov intrusion tolerance model (SMP), aiming at difficultly evaluates and enhances the system's tolerant capacity issues. Based on formalized related security state of the model, the quantitative analysis of system's tolerant capacity is performed. Then calling the parameters solution algorithm to calculate the SMP model's average time of system fault (ATOSF) under each security state. After analyzing the variety track of ATOSF, found the system's tolerant key points. Maintenance of these key points, it can enhance the system's tolerant capacity, so as to increasing the availability of the system. The experiment results provide evidence that using the Markov to the system's tolerant capacity in the quantization process is feasible and effective.


, Abstract Objective— Masked hypertension (MH) refers to non-elevated office blood pressure (BP) with elevated out-of-office BP, but its reproducibility has not been conclusively established. We examined one-week reproducibility of MH by home BP monitoring (HBPM) and ambulatory BP monitoring (ABPM). Methods— We recruited 420 adults not on BP-lowering medication with recent clinic BP between 120/80 and 149/95 mm Hg. For main comparisons, participants with office average <140/90 mm Hg were considered to have MH if awake ABPM average was ≥135/85 mm Hg; they were considered to have MH by HBPM if the average was ≥135/85 mm Hg. Percent agreements were quantified using kappa. We also examined prevalence of MH defined as office average <140/90 mm Hg with 24-hour ABPM average ≥130/80 mm Hg. We conducted sensitivity analyses using different threshold BP levels for ABPM-office pairings and HBPM-office pairings for defining MH. Results— Prevalence rates of MH based on office-awake ABPM pairings were 44% and 43%, with agreement of 71% (kappa=0.40; 95% CI 0.31–0.49). MH was less prevalent (15% and 17%) using HBPM-office pairings, with agreement of 82% (kappa=0.30; 95% CI 0.16–0.44), and more


It is important for international enterprise management to establish the information system of supply chain managemen(SCM),and is certain direction for Chinese enterprises.Benxi steel co.Ltd is a large enterprise in China,its transaction for raw material and fuel involved with operations from purchase to comsumption relates to many department,complex business,manual operation,low efficiency and high cost of administration.It may resolves those problems to introduce the SCM information system.The paper presents the design consideration of SCM information system of materical and fuel and its implementation.


Several kinds of heating methods were used to pre-gelatinize potatoes. The experiment results revealed the gelatinization effect of being cooked for 25 min was the best for potatoes. Orthogonal test method was employed to optimize the recipe of potato cakes. The test results showed that the milk powder content and the butter content highly significantly influenced the sensory index of prepared frozen potato cakes. The assay results demonstrated that the fat content of potato cake was 4.24%, whereas the fat content of fried potato cake was 11.18%. After one month frozen storage, the peroxide value of the fat in prepared frozen potato cake was 1.94%, whereas the peroxide value of the fat in prepared frozen potato cakes which had been fried was 7.79%.


We report a direct photolithographic route to selective growth of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) using a simple mixture of ferrocene and conventional photoresist as a catalytic photoresist (Cat-PR), which play the role of both a catalyst and a photoresist for SWNT patterned growth. Using the Cat-PR, catalytic nanoparticles with diameters of 3–10 nm were formed on the defined regions and SWNTs with diameters of 1.0–1.5 nm were selectively grown on the pre-patterned catalyst. For the successful growth of SWNTs on the pre-defined regions, all organics of the Cat-PR should be completely removed by a burning process in order to obtain catalytically active nanoparticles. The quality and density of the grown SWNTs were dramatically improved by supplying water vapour during the nanotube growth, possibly due to the enhanced activity of nanoparticles. Most radial breathing mode (RBM) peaks of the grown SWNTs in Raman spectra from 785 nm laser excitation are assigned to the semiconducting nanotubes. It is also demonstrated that nanotubes suspended between three-dimensional stands can be easily prepared by using the Cat-PR patterns as an etch mask.


Contactless embossing of microlenses (CEM) with LIGA molding tools is a new fabrication techniques for the production of refractive microlens arrays which combines high accuracy in the micrometer range, cost-effective production of the devices, and cost-effective high precision mounting concepts. The name refers to the fact that the surface of the microlenses has no contact with the embossing die during the shaping of the surface relief. A high precision matrix of holes made by LIGA microfabrication is pressed onto a thermoplastic sample which is heated. The material bulges into the openings of the molding tool due to the applied pressure and forms lens-like spherical structures. The embossing die touches the lens material only outside the lens area. High-speed microlenses with f/ < f/4 and diameters of the lens aperture between 30 micrometers and 500 micrometers have been fabricated in PMMA and PC. Excellent uniformity within the microlens arrays are achieved by using LIGA microfabricated embossing dies. In addition to the excellent optical performance of the microlenses, the CEM method assists hybrid integration in micro-opto-electro- mechanical systems by providing precise auxiliary structures for easy and cost-effective mounting and adjusting.


EDITOR—Cerro Aconcagua (6962 m) is the highest mountain on the South American continent. Despite being described by early explorers as "the most gruelling ordeal known to climbers,"1 in 2000-1 it was visited by 4197 people.2

Aconcagua is usually climbed by one of two routes, with over 80% of visitors favouring the "normal route." This is a straightforward route and attracts many trekkers with little experience of altitude. The second approach is usually chosen by more experienced climbers and mountaineers. Last year, for the first time, …


Objective: Milk casein-derived tripeptides (Ile-Pro-Pro, Val-Pro-Pro and Leu-Pro-Pro) and functional food products containing them lower blood pressure in experimental models of hypertension (spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR), salt-loaded Goto-Kakizaki rats, double transgenic rats harboring human renin and angiotensinogen genes (dTGR)) and in mildly hypertensive subjects. These tripeptides also improve vascular relaxation ex vivo in the rat and decrease arterial stiffness in man. The antihypertensive and vasodilatory mechanism has been suggested to be related to ACE1-inhibition and thus to reduced formation of the potent vasoconstrictor, angiotensin II and to reduced degradation of vasodilatory bradykinin into inactive fragments. Design and method: However, ACE1 inhibition and lowering of blood pressure do not explain – at least alone - the improved endothelial function. We present here data from ex vivo experiments which show that Ile-Pro-Pro pretreatment augments bradykinin-induced vasorelaxation of mesenteric arteries in young and especially in old rats. Results: We have evidence that Mas-receptors and their physiological agonist angiotensin(1–7) can play an important role in the beneficial vascular effects of the tripeptides. We present here further support for these data using Mas-receptor and bradykinin receptor type 1 and 2 inhibition on bradykinin-induced vasorelaxation after pre-incubation with Ile-Pro-Pro. Mas-receptor is a receptor for a vasodilatory component angiotensin(1–7) in renin-angiotensin system (RAS). qPCR measurements of the receptor mRNA levels in the aortas from young and old rats give further evidence on the role of Mas-receptors in synergistic effect of Ile-Pro-Pro on bradykinin induced vasorelaxation. Conclusions: Bradykinin and its receptors have a role in vascular dysfunction in aging. Bioactive tripeptides of dietary origin might be beneficial in restoring the defect.


The element size affects greatly the simulation result during finite element analysis of structure, in ANSYS. A cantilever beam is simulated respectively with the element size of 0.008m and 0.002m. The result illustrates that improper element size will lead to irresponsible simulation result. The optimal design of ANSYS is introduced and a new method is put forward to determine the element size by using optimal design. The question of determining element size is solved.


Many studies have evidenced the main role of lipids in physiological and also pathological processes such as cancer, diabetes or neurodegenerative diseases. The identification and the in situ localization of specific low-abundant lipid species involved in cancer biology are still challenging for both fundamental studies and lipid marker discovery. In this paper, we report the identification and the localization of specific isobaric minor phospholipids in human breast cancer xenografts by FTICR MALDI imaging supported by histochemistry. These potential candidates can be further confirmed by liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS) after extraction from the region of interest defined by MALDI imaging. Finally, this study highlights the importance of characterizing the heterogeneous distribution of low-abundant lipid species, relevant in complex histological samples for biological purposes.


1929 and the Great Depression that followed, the father of American anthropology, Franz Boas, wrote that anthropology "is often considered a collection of curious facts, telling about the pecu liar appearance of exotic people and describing their strange customs and beliefs. It is looked upon as an entertaining diversion, apparently without any bearing upon the conduct of life of civilized communities" (Boas 1928:11).1 Boas insisted that this impression of anthropology was mistaken. The opposite was closer to the truth: "clear understanding of the principles of anthropol ogy illuminates the social processes of our own times and may show us, if we are ready to listen to its teachings, what to do and what to avoid." Shorcly after World War II, in his book, Mirror for Man, the Harvard anthropologist, Clyde Kluckhohn, quoted this optimistic assessment of the value and place of anthropology in modern life. He wrote this book, which was widely read after the war and which is still in print, to show that "anthropol ogy has a special right to be heard by those who are deeply concerned with the problems of achieving one world" (Kluckhohn 1949:1). In Mirror for Man, Kluckhohn argued passion ately that anthropology is more than entertainment. He insisted that anthropology can help us deal with the crucial dilemma of the modern world: how are


Common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is an economically significant seed crop in tropical regions. With the objective of studying the effect of plant density on growth and yield characteristics of common bean, four common bean varieties ('GLP190S', 'NITU', 'ECOPALM021' and 'NUA99') collected from IRAD-Cameroon and four plant spacing distances (10 cm x 10 cm, 15 cm x 15 cm, 20 cm x 20 cm and 30 cm x 30 cm) corresponding respectively to four plant density (121, 49, 36 and 16 plants/m2) were evaluated for twelve quantitative traits in a randomly completed block design with three repetitions. ANOVA and correlation analysis were performed. Means values of each trait from the ANOVA analysis was submitted to the Tukey test at 5% probability level. The effect of variety was significant for all the twelve studied traits except the number of seed per plant. Pod length, plant height, number of seeds per pod and 100 seed weights were not affected by plant density while the numbers of seeds per plant, number of pods per plant, biological and seed yield were significantly affected by plant density. Interaction effect of plant variety and plant density on seed yield, biological yield, number of pods per plant and collar diameter was significant. No positive correlation was found between plant density and any of the studied traits. Leaf width, collar diameter, number of functional leaves and number of pods per plant inversely correlated with plant density. At the lowest plant density (16 plant/m2), seed yield and biological yield correlated poorly with related quantitative traits comparing to higher plant densities. From all the studied varieties, only 'ECOPALM021' showed the seed yield not affected by plant density. This study also showed that the higher seed yield and important biological yield was at 16 plants/m2 plant density.


Back-up switching over locking whth the stable state automatically of the elective power system after describing the cable TV network, back-up the online way of the power and both as backing up the characteristic that supply power in the way independently.


We have developed tunable polarization mode dispersion (PMD) compensators and successfully demonstrated to change differential group delay (DGD) from several ps to 90 ps and to compensate DGD in 43 Gbit/s RZ optical transmission experiment.


With the aim of discovering, designing and developing a novel actuator, existing technologies are broken down into components. These are the material or phenomena that provide mechanical power, the type of stimulus required to "excite" the technology and the geometrical arrangement, or configuration of the technology to manifest as an actuator. To date, a number of attempts have been made to classify and compare actuators. Existing comparisons typically use active material performance as a source for actuator data, even though a material alone is not active. A stimulus generation must be present for an active material to be used as an actuator and the addition of local stimulus generation can severely affect the performance of an actuator. Little or no attempt to classify different actuation technologies and configurations with consideration of the nature and provision of stimulus has been made. By classification of stimulus and actuator configuration, many further research areas are identified. The structured actuator categorisation along with a fundamental view of the requirements of an actuator forms the basis of an engineering biased selection strategy.


This document describes the commonly accepted practice of listening on
TCP port 6697 for incoming Internet Relay Chat (IRC) connections
encrypted via TLS/SSL.


Colloidal silica is a nanoparticulate material that could have a transformative effect on environmental risk management at nuclear legacy sites by preventing radioactive contamination through the in situ installation of injectable hydraulic barriers.


The generralized convolution for Fourier and cosine-Fourier transforms is introduced. Its properties and applications to the heat conduction equations are considered.


A rapid, selective and precise HPLC method for quantification of ofloxacin in tablets has been developed. The chromatographic resolution of ofloxacin was achieved using acetonitrile:0.1%v/v triethylamine (20:80, pH-4.0) as the mobile phase, in an isocratic run on a chromatographic system (Waters) equipped with Waters 600 pump controller, 2487 dual I» absorbance detector, Waters32 millennium chromatography manager software and C8 kromasil 5I¼ (4.6x150 mm) column. The flow rate was 1 ml/min and ofloxacin was monitored spectrophotometrically at 280 nm. Ornidazole was used as an internal standard.


ABSTRACT In this study, a quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) nanosensor was prepared to detect tryptophan. QCM nanosensor was prepared through the formation of tryptophan memories on the gold surface of QCM electrode using Methacryloylamidohistidine-Cu(II)-tryptophan ([MAH-Cu(II)]-tryptophan) pre-organised monomer system. The designed pre-organised monomer system was characterised by use of Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) and Atomic Force Microscope (AFM) was used to characterise the QCM nanosensors. After the characterisation studies, imprinted and non-imprinted sensors were connected to QCM system to determine the binding of the target molecule, selectivity and the detection of the amount of target molecule in real samples. The results showed that the imprinted QCM nanosensor had high selectivity for tryptophan. Graphical abstract


This paper discusses the role of the technologist in helping achieve all the objectives of the nuclear project - not only the technical objectives, but the business and societal objectives as well. It is important to realize at the outset the many objectives that the project can fulfill, including the contribution it can make to national development. The technologist may act as consultant, a partner, a business administrator or an agent of the utility, helping implement a management approach that furthers not only technical, but business and societal objectives as well. Two very different approaches to contracting are possible. On the one hand, the utility places heavy pressure on bidders to accept the risk of schedule and license, and forces suppliers to charge higher prices and make little use of local talent. On the other hand, the utility may recognize the need to develop national capability in the nuclear industry, and accept cooperative contracts which encourage suppliers to foster and employ local talent. This issue must be given attention in the initiation of future national nuclear power programs: whether to minimize the cost of the plant or maximize the cultivation and development of national capability.


Multilayers of Ag/Al with layer thickness ratio of 1.7:1.0 have been deposited on Si and glass substrates using ion‐beam sputtering with composition modulation wavelengths λ ranging from 13.5 to 213 A. Spatial distribution and angular dependence of deposition rates were determined by analysis of x‐ray diffraction scans which showed several orders of distinct satellite peaks and well defined small angle peaks. At high modulation wavelengths (λ≳35 A), the multilayer film showed (111) preferred orientation normal to film plane. For short modulation wavelengths (λ<35 A), other orientations appeared and peaks corresponding to Ag2Al intermetallic phase were also observed. One satellite peak corresponding to Ag2Al(100) peak was observed and gave the same modulation wavelength as the parent Ag/Al multilayer. The computer simulation analysis using square wave model is in good agreement with the observed satellite peak positions for high modulation wavelengths. The average lattice parameter of the Ag/Al multilayer ...


The modern power system requires the fossil-fired power plant have the high performance of peak regulation.The generation units that participated in automatic generation control of power system should put the coordination control system into operation,and realize their output power control by remote control centre system directly.The paper introduced the AGC running methods of Waigaoqiao power plant,analyzed the influence of AGC operation to the generation units running.And the detailed operation suggestions for the engineers are also presented.


Abstract Quartz-magnetite rocks occur as lenses in an area of migmatitic mica gneiss and have acted as resisters to deformation as well as migmatization. Due to plastic deformation in the enclosing gneisses a quartzite lens now strikes perpendicular to the trend of other resisters which are abruptly truncated.


This article presents an experimental study on two innovative types of cast steel connectors, which would be used as a replaceable energy-dissipating component in the beam-to-column joint. The main aim was to use the connectors as the main source of deformation and energy dissipation, and to realize rapid repair of the joints by simple replacement of these connectors after earthquakes. A total of eight cyclic tests under two loading procedures were conducted on three types of connectors, namely, traditional welded T-stubs W, C1 type cast steel connectors, and C2 type cast steel connectors. The new cast steel connector specimens were observed to have good energy dissipation capacity with stable and plump hysteretic curves, and the equivalent viscous damping could achieve up to 43.7%. The ductility, which was governed by fracture of energy-dissipating elements, was shown to be satisfactory. The L/t ratio (the length of energy-dissipating element to its thickness ratio) was found to be an important factor influencing the cyclic performances of C2 connectors. The accumulated plastic damage of C2 connector caused by bidirectional reversed tension and compression actions did not significantly weaken its energy dissipation capacity, which demonstrated the feasibility of employing C2 connector only in the beam bottom flange of a beam-to-column joint.


Edge detection is a widely used low-level operation done in computer vision applications and image processing tasks. The primary purpose of edge detection is to discover and distinguish sharp discontinuities from an image. Since edges give boundaries between different regions in the image, these boundaries can be used to classify objects for segmentation and matching purposes. This is the first step in many computer vision applications. Edge detection remarkably reduces the amount of data and filters out undesired or less significant information and gives useful information in an image. There are some widely used algorithms for edge detection, some of which perform better than others but might require higher computational power. But all of them face several difficulties like false edge detection, issues due to noise, and missing of low contrast boundaries. Such difficulties are handled with other algorithms, if the data set has few images. But when the data set is enormous, removing noises and detecting edges simultaneously is very costly. So, a general idea regarding how noise resistant different edge detection algorithms are is necessary. In this paper, we have compared the performances of the most common edge detection methods on a publicly available dataset, provided experimental results on how sensitive each of them is to different kinds of added noises to the original images, and finally come to a conclusion on which one of them is most resistant to noises.


............................................................................................................................ III DEDICATION ........................................................................................................................... V ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ............................................................................................................ VI TABLE OF CONTENTS ............................................................................................................. VII LIST OF FIGURES ................................................................................................................... XII LIST OF TABLES .....................................................................................................................XV ABBREVIATIONS .................................................................................................................... XVI 1. CHAPTER 1 .....................................................................................................................


The long‐term measurements at the Barrow and Atqasuk sites have been processed to develop the climatology of aerosol and cloud properties at interannual, seasonal, and diurnal temporal scales. At the Barrow site, the surface temperature exhibits an increasing trend in both thawed and frozen seasons over the period studied here, about one decade. Corresponding to the warming, the snow melting day arrives earlier, and the non‐snow‐cover duration increases. Aerosol optical depth increased during 2001–2003 and 2005–2009 and decreased during 2003–2005. The liquid water path (LWP), cloud optical depth (COD), and cloud fraction exhibit apparently decreasing trends from 2002 to 2007 and increased significantly after 2008. In the frozen season, the arctic haze and ice clouds are dominant, while in the thawed season, the oceanic biogenic aerosols and liquid water clouds or mixed‐phase clouds are dominant. The cloud droplet effective radius during the thawed season is larger than that during the frozen season. The diurnal variations of aerosol and cloud‐related atmospheric properties are not obvious at these two sites. During the sunshine periods, the aerosol has a cooling effect on the surface through direct aerosol radiative forcing. In the frozen season, clouds have a positive impact on the net surface radiation, and the water vapor path, LWP, and COD have good positive correlations with the surface temperature, suggesting that the cloud radiation feedback is positive. In the thawed season, clouds have a negative impact on the net surface radiation.


Summary We understand the knowledge domains of older people as adult use of experienced knowledge, and we try to elaborate its forms, functions, and meaning in art and science of education. Starting with an example - violence - mediation - courage, which we understand as a paradigmatic example, we expand this with typical patterns of longitudinal sections examples (source - updates - qualities - forms of transmitting). After a short summary of general qualities (with authors) we present three of the typical patterns a little bit more detailed: (a) non-discursive (i.e. aesthetic) domains of knowledge, (b) rhetorics as an approach of educational cultivation (Bildung), and (c) pedagogical plurality instead of monolithic pedagogy. Finally we touch the question of the essential role of courage of academic staff in art and science of education with adult experiences of knowledge.


The nervous system, in particular the autonomic one, is well known to constantly regulate the internal functioning of the body, adapting it to changeable external and internal environmental parameters. In particular, there is a close multiple-vector correlation between the nervous system and the kidneys. The aim of this study was to specify the mechanisms, clinical and paraclinical characteristics of the concomitant lesions of the nervous system and the kidneys in patients with acute stroke. This paper presents the case report of 215 patients, aged 70 ± 8.44, who suffered from ischemic stroke. Among them, we examined 144 women and 71 men. The patients underwent a comprehensive examination, including a detailed clinical and neurological check-up (evaluating the patients' condition severity with the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) and the Barthel index on admission and on the 21st day of the disease), laboratory analysis (electrolyte balance, nitrogen metabolism (on admission and on the 21st day of the disease) and instrumental examination (CT scan of the brain, the follow-up brain magnetic resonance imaging). The statistical methods were used to analyze the data. In the 1st day of the disease, all the surveyed patients with right hemispheric carotid stroke and the overwhelming majority of the patients with left hemispheric carotid stroke and ischemic stroke in the vertebrobasilar system had cerebral renal syndrome, represented by renal concentration-filtration dysfunction, accompanied by the reduced glomerular filtration rate. A reliable relationship was found between the renal concentration and filtration function and the right hemispheric ischemic focus in patients with ischemic stroke, the characteristics are to be specified.


The invention discloses an intelligent driving real-time processing system and an intelligent driving real-time processing method; the intelligent driving real-time processing system, based on a mobile device terminal and at least one camera which is mounted on a vehicle, comprises a wireless connection module, a camera configuration module, a processing module and a memory module, wherein the wireless connection module establishes a wireless connection with the at least one camera; the camera configuration module is used for selectively configuring the at least one camera to work at a first camera mode, wherein the first camera mode is a driving recording mode; the processing module is coupled to the wireless connection module and is used for receiving and processing driving image data from the at least one camera via the wireless connection; and the memory module is coupled to the processing module and is used for storing the driving image data. According to the intelligent driving real-time processing system and the intelligent driving real-time processing method provided by the invention, interactions between the mobile device terminal and the camera can be utilized to obtain a more comprehensive shooting angle and definition; and meanwhile, driving records are selectively stored according to selection of a user to save the memory space.


Objective To screen the ESTs associated with gastric carcinoma,which provided basis for further cloning and identifying novel genes associated with the development of gastric carcinoma. Methods Z EST markers on the chromosome 8p21 region were screened with the BLAST software and 10 ESTs were filtered out.We selected 4 ESTs to design primers.28 cases of gastric cancer surgery samples were collected as cancer groups,corresponding normal gastric mucosa away from the cancer point as the positive control groups.All normal and cancer samples were pathologically diagnosed.The total RNA of samples was extracted out,with reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR),to screen the differential expression EST. Results The RT-PCR results showed that EST DA931869 expressed significantly different between gastric carcinoma and normal gastric mucosa by RT-PCR approach(P0.05).The positive expression rate of EST DA931869 was 89.28%(25/28) in normal gastric mucosa,and 46.43%(13/28)in gastric carcinoma,which reduced or absently expressed compared with that in normal gastric mucosa.The positive rate of EST DA931869 expressed in well-differentiated gastric carcinoma was 83.33%(5/6),obviously higher than in moderately differentiated gastric carcinoma 57.14%(4/7) and in poor differentiated gastric carcinoma 26.67%(4/15)(P0.05).In addition,the positive rate of the EST expressed in lymphoid node metastasis-negative gastric carcinoma was 60.00%(9/15),significantly higher than in lymphoid node metastasis-positive gastric carcinoma 30.77%(4/13)(P0.05). Conclusion DA931869 is down-regulated in GC,suggesting it may play a role in GC carcinogenesis.


Medicine is immersed in an orgy of self doubt. I am reminded of a scene in Bergman's film The Seventh Seal , in which the knight and the squire watch a stream of flagellants walk and crawl past, beating themselves and each other in an attempt to avert the plague. As we beat ourselves, there are some who wish us to whip even harder and a small number who deem us incapable of redemption. There cannot be any among us who still doubt the existence of the plague. …


Spatially periodic vortex systems that form due to unstable shear flows are called vortex streets. A number of exact and asymptotic solutions of two-dimensional hydrodynamic equations describing nonstationary vortex streets have been constructed. It is shown that the superposition of the flow with a constant horizontal shear and its perturbations in the form of a nonmodal wave provides an exact solution that describes a nonstationary vortex street with rotating elliptic current lines. The width of the zone occupied by such a vortex street has been determined. The equation of separatrix separating vortex cells with closed current lines from an external meandering flow has been obtained. The influence of the quasi-two-dimensional compressibility and beta effect on the dynamics of vortex streets has been studied based on the potential vorticity transport equation. The solutions describing the formation of vortex streets during the development of an unstable zonal periodic flow and a free shear layer have been constructed using a longwave approximation.


Force transmitting strut (1) for a chassis of a motor vehicle, which in the area of their axial ends fastening devices (4, 5), with which the force transmitting strut (1) on the one hand to a bearing element (6) of a wheel carrier (8) and on the other hand to a bearing element (7 an auxiliary frame (9) or of a vehicle frame can be secured), the force transmitting strut (1) consists of two geometrically identical rods (10, 11) is established, the (at one of its ends 2) fixed to each other, and (at its other end 3) a fork shape are spaced apart, the two rods (10, 11) in the region of a fastening device (4) are thicker than at their other fastening device (5) (D1> D3), wherein the two rods (10, 11) has a flat having elongated geometry, in the region of their fastening devices (4, 5) has a constant thickness (D1, D3) have therebetween a longitudinally (L) continuously changing thickness ( D2), and (in the case of the two rods 10, 11) axially between its two fastening devices (4, 5) transversely to its longitudinal extent (L) a to the middle (M) decreasing and then increasing width (B1, B2) comprise characterized in that the two rods (10, 11) each have two recesses (16, 17) between the center (M) and the respective end (2, 3) of the bars (10, 11) are designed such that comprise through the two recesses (16, 17) the two rods (10, 11) in each case four limbs (30, 31, 32, 33) in the region of the recesses (16, 17) have the same width (B3) have and the end fastening means (4, 5) of each rod (10, 11) with the center (M) to connect, that the force transmitting strut (1) consists of a fiber composite material based on a thermosetting or a thermoplastic resin, and that the two bars ( 10, 11) form-fit or bonded to each other si nd.


ABSTRACT Various approaches for the Diagnosis and Recommendation Integrated System (DRIS) indices were employed like Beaufil's ER, Elwali and Gascho and Jones. As per the Beaufil's approach of DRIS indices, the nutrient requirements in the initial stage of the apple tree were magnesium > nitrogen > sulfur > phosphorus > copper > zinc > iron > manganese > boron > calcium > potassium (Mg > N > S > P > Cu > Zn > Fe > Mn > B > Ca > K) and in the later stage at 40–50 years, the nutrient requirements were S > Cu > Mg > Fe > P > N > Ca > Mn > K > Zn > B, thus demanding a foliar application of magnesium salt and urea which are required in high amounts in the initial stage; however in the later stage, the yield depression was not attributed to the nutrient deficiency but rather trees' genetic make-up which destabilizes the higher yield in the period of 50 years. Nutrient sufficiency ranges for apple derived from DRIS norms were 1.91–2.24, 0.18–0.26, 1.11–1.61, 1.74–1.88, 0.30–0.33 and 0.28–0.30% for nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), and sulfur (S), respectively.


Multilayer BP neural network is a one-way transmission of feed forward network and it has three or more than three layers of neural network, including input layer, hidden layer and output layer. Wireless sensor network is composed in certain region has a plurality of wireless communication, sensing, data processing capabilities of network nodes. The paper presents design and development of detection node in wireless sensor network based on neural network. The simulation results prove the validity of the adopted BP neural network to build wireless sensor network node.


Herpetic stomatitis as well as many other infections of the orofacial region in everyday practice represent an important percentage of pathology. These diseases can be a major problem for therapists in terms of early diagnosis and, consequently, in determining the correct treatment. The disease belongs to a group of droplet infection, caused by the herpes simplex virus, with characteristic changes in the skin and mucous membrane in children and adults. A relatively small percentage, 10-15% of primary infections are manifested with clinically distinct symptoms. At the oral mucosa occurs triad of symptoms: generalized catarrhal gingivitis, coated tongue and erosions dispersed all over oral epithelium of the oral cavity.


Wilson's latest book greeted the eyes of the author before he wrote this volume, he would doubtless have added to the preceding quotation &dquo;and some others; &dquo; for Dr. Wilson, of southern nativity and early associations and of northern as well as southern training, has pointed out to us in &dquo; Division and Reunion &dquo; the measure of truth in southern arguments, without asking us to go all the way with southern conclusions.


A major project beginning in the winter of 1977 was to determine the feasibility of producing natural gas from Canada's Arctic offshore. Until such time when gas reserves can be developed to justify a pipeline, another method for getting the natural gas to southern markets must be used. Meanwhile, Petro-Canada Ltd., proposes to liquefy the natural gas 600 mi above the Arctic Circle and transport it via icebreaking LNG tankers.


There were various money used in Near East before coin was introduced. Among that, utensil money and weighed silver are taken notice as precondition of introduction of coinage. Utensil money and weighed silver had established weight system in Near East before coin was introduced, in particular weighed silver used in international trade and then lead steps in the path of introduction of coinage. And how about Greece? Weighed silver remained a controversial issue, but one obvious thing is that money mostly used in archaic Greece was utensil money. Utensil money which were utensils people used as money in daily life included tripod, cauldron, spit and so on. Tripod and cauldron were mostly used among people of the upper class who could afford to possess them in large quantities. Spits were found in many sanctuaries and tombs throughout Greece. They are thought to have been used to skewer sacrificial animals. Among the spits used as a skewer, obeliskon drachma which was composed of six spits suggest that it was used as money. Spits had an effect on small denomination system of Aigina weight system. This system became small denomination of weight system of Corinth and Athens, playing a crucial part in establishing obol and drachma that weighed light among Greek coins. Although utensil money that circulated thoughout Greece, spits included, was more or less inconvenient, it had a function as money in Greece. I examined Kroll and Schaps's research to seek an answer to whether weighed silver was used in Greece or not, but have not found a sufficient ground for it. First of all, the fact that haksilber found in Near East was not been discovered in Greece during the period, Prof. Temellis's argument that hakgold doesn't support the existence of haksilber in Geece, and the meaning of'stasimon' and argument on Naukraroi, are all insufficient to support the existence of internal economy based on silver bullion in Greece. If silver-based economy had existed in Greece, coin would not have been circulated as rapidly as in ancient Near East. In other words, with no silver-based economy, coin was rapidly spread and adopted in more societies. There were some fundmental factors that made coin introduced into Greece. First, large denomination of weight system introduced from the ancient Near East was added to small denomination of weight system formed from spits in Greece. In addition, existing utensil money was uncap able of adapting itself to advancing economic condition. Lastly, internal economy based on silver bullion didn't exist in Greece. Under the circumstances like this, the use of coin introduced from Lydia encouraged Greek society to accept coin rapidly and thereafter, to use it more widely than other society.


The characteristics of the band gap of one-dimensional photonic crystal Ag/MgF2 are studied with Transfer Matrix Method (TMM). One-dimensional model consisting of Ag and MgF2 is proposed. In this model,the influence of PBG by the periodicity N,the incidence angles and filling ratio is discussed. Cause of absorption is discussed. The results show that,compared with other studies for metal photonic crystal,such a metal photonic crystal structure in the ultraviolet with photonic band gap is expected to be used in mirror of broadband optical.


risk factors and other existing diseases on the treatment of hypertension should be identified. [10-13] ABSTRACT Hypertension is one of the most prevailing disease in adults. The estimated prevalence of hypertension in the United States is 66% in men and women aged 60 years and older, which is the highest among all age groups. This figure is higher in certain regions of the world. Hypertension, in general involve multiple factors, hence treatment of hypertension with combination therapy has several advantage over monotherapy. In combination therapy, two or three drugs act through different mechanism and simultaneously lower dose of the individual drug is required hence reduce side effects and increase patient compliance. Combination therapy generally involve Angiotensin Receptor Blockers (ARBs) and Thiazide diuretics. Choice of combination depends on the presence of comorbidities like diabetes mellitus, chronic renal failure and thyroid disorders.


This paper introduces the principle method and simulation of an asymmetric TE (transverse electric) mode absorption in a lossy artificial metamaterial (LHM (left-handed material)). LHM is sandwiched between a lossy substrate and covered by a lossless dielectric cladding. The asymmetry solutions of the eigenvalue equation describe lossy-guided modes with complex-valued propagation constants. The dispersion relations, normalized field and the longitudinal attenuation were numerically solved for a given set of parameters: frequency range; film's thicknesses; and TE mode order. We found that high order modes, which are guided in thinner films, generally have more loss of power than low-order modes since the mode attenuation along z-axis z  increases to negative values as the mode's number increases, and the film thickness decreases. Moreover, for LHM, at incident wavelength = 1.9 m  , refractive index = 2 i 3.74  and at thickness m  3 . 0  , the modes of order (4, 5, 6) attain high positive attenuation which means these modes have larger absorption lengths and they are better absorber than the others. This LHM is appropriate for solar cell applications. For arbitrary LHM, at frequency band of wavelengt (600, 700 to 900 nm), the best absorption is attained at longer wavelengths and for lower order modes at wider films. The obtained results could be useful for the design of future light absorbers.


The character of indigenous lignite was measured by proximate analysis, ultimate analysis, coal ash analysis, coal true relative density, specific area.et al. The results showed that the internal moisture content is 8-9%, volat ile matter content is more than 45%, the oxygen content is above 20% while the sulphur content less than 0.5%.The main ash content is SiO2 and Al2O3, ash fusion point is above 1200 degree centigrade. The calorific value is between 12∼19MJ/kg. Macropore and mesopore is the pattern in the lignite.


The proceedings of the XIV International Winterschool on Electronic Properties of Novel Materials provides a platform for new developments in the field of molecular nanostructures and their applications. Topics included are: fullerenes and fullerides, fullerene polymers, endohedrals, nanotube preparation, nanotube characterization, as well as transport, doping and electronic properties of nanotubes and other molecular materials and applications.


In intelligent transportation system, emergency message has to be disseminated rapidly and extensively in order to inform as many vehicles in limited time. Hence, the broadcast storm problem is prone to occur in vehicular ad hoc networks. In the past, several approaches have been proposed to solve the problem. They are counter-, distance-, location-, cluster-, and probabilistic-based schemes. In this paper, we analyze existing cluster based protocols and present a novel scheme that is designed to form stable clusters, reduce the overhead of cluster maintenance during emergency message dissemination. The proposed clustering algorithm uses particle swarm optimization to assigns weight values for different factors during the cluster head election and cluster formation. It ensures the dissemination of the emergency message onto every part of the road, and when there is no relay vehicle, the emergency message will be reactivated. We use the GrooveNet simulator to demonstrate that the proposed scheme has a low collision probability, low overhead, more stable cluster, and a short end-to-end latency.


The title compound was obtained via the reaction of (1E,2E)-3-(3-methoxyphenyl)-1-phenylprop-2-en-1-one with ethyl 2-oxopropanoate, using NH4I as a catalyst. In the molecule, the four rings are not in the same plane, the pyridine ring being inclined to the benzene rings by 17.26 (6), 56.16 (3) and 24.50 (6)°. In the crystal, molecules are linked by C—H⋯π interactions into a three-dimensional network.


Both human biological genders have the same hormone but at different levels. The difference in hormone levels makes the two genders distinguishable from several aspects. One of the things that are influenced by hormones is sweat. The odor of sweat is related to the apocrine glands found in human armpits. This experiment studied the classification of both genders based on daytime sweat in adult human armpits. The sampling method used an electronic nose (E-nose) system to collect the armpit sweat odor. The E-nose system sensor array consisted of seven sensors: TGS 822, TGS 2612, TGS 2620, TGS 826, TGS 2603, TGS 2600, and TGS 813. These sensors generate resistance ratio (Rs/Ro) values which are learned by the machine learning methods for classification and disease potential based on the volatile organic compound (VOC) in sweat. The study shows the male samples have higher amine gas than female samples, one of which is Trimethylamine (TMA). TMA is a compound that will be broken down into trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO), a factor to various cardiovascular diseases. The result achieved 94.12% accuracy in classifying human biological gender using principal component analysis (PCA) as the pre-processing method and support vector machine (SVM) as the machine learning method.


Tomato paste waste materials are rich in bioactive food components, but have a low economic value. In this study, the potential use of tomato pomace in crackers was studied. Wheat flour was partially (4%, 8%, 12%) substituted with dried tomato pomace meal. Tomato pomace addition caused a significant (p<0.05) increase in protein, ash, dietary fiber (soluble, insoluble, total), minerals (Mg, Ca, K, P, Mn, Zn, Fe), total phenolics, antioxidant capacity, Hunter a and b color values, but decrease in L value. Although the samples having 12% tomato pomace had lower scores, the crackers were liked statistically equally by the panelists.


The scattering of sputtered atoms by the sputtering gas has been modelled to obtain values for the distances which the atoms travel normal to the sputtering target before their energies are reduced to the thermal energy of the gas. This distance increases with the mass and energy of the sputtered atom and with decreasing gas pressure; for a 5‐eV atom of mass 80, it decreases from 42 cm at an argon pressure of 0.1 Pa to 0.44 cm at 10 Pa. For most diode sputtering configurations, the sputtered atoms are thermalized before reaching the substrate and the transport to the substrate is by diffusion. Relative deposition rates for substrates situated behind apertures or masks in these diffusive sputtering situations have been measured and compared with the solid angles subtended at the substrate by the effective aperture. The agreement between relative values is very good. Thus, the solid angle provides a simple measure for determining the effect of a mask on the deposition profiles. Significant changes in rates ...


Although it is rapidly emerging as a forum for social science scholarship, the World Wide Web is now used mainly to propagate conventional scholarship. This is certain to change given the simultaneous expansion in the capabilities of Web-based communication and decline in libraries' ability to keep abreast of print scholarship. This article outlines opportunities for changing and enhancing the nature of scholarly (peer-reviewed) articles on the Web. Three mechanisms are discussed by which the form and content of the scholarly article can be improved: (a) the use of hypertext structuring, (b) the integration of multimedia components into articles, and (c) the use of differentiated pointers. Examples are on an accompanying Web page at http://artsci.wustl.edu/∼anthro/demo/.


The study aimed to appraise the effect of different air pollutants viz. SO2, NOx, SPM and RSPM on bio- physiological as well as yield characteristics of wheat and mustard plants grown at different sites in the urban and industrial areas of Haridwar City. The ambient levels of air pollutants were lowest at site 2 and 4 and hence these sites were treated as control sites for comparing the response pattern observed at site 1 and 3, respectively. The wheat and mustard plants grown at polluted sites (1 and 3) showed significant reduction in total chlorophyll, carotenoid, ascorbic acid, plant height, shoot fresh weight, root fresh weight and yield. The study indicated that parameters reductions in wheat and mustard grown at polluted sited correlated directly with the gaseous and particulate pollutants, which led to lower yield at polluted sites experiencing higher levels of pollutants. (New York Science Journal. 2010;3(2):52-60). (ISSN: 1554-0200).


In this paper, conditions of work, special features and problems of boilers with catalytic fluidised bed are described. The specific conditions, when the catalyst layer remains stationary and granular or becomes spouting, are also considered. There are some main zones in the catalytic boilers with fluidised bed, which characterise such boilers and which must exist in them under normal working conditions. Some recommendations on geometric and regime parameters providing the optimal zonal arrangement are given for different fuels (natural gas, diesel and fuel oil). The more detailed processes in catalytic fluidised bed using the dimensionless numbers allowed to describe the heat transfer in such bed and the conditions of optimal fluidisation.


Microcolumn liquid chromatography (micro-LC) with on-line flame photometric (FPD) or thermionic detection (TID) has been used for the determination of a series of organophosphoric and organophosphonic acids isolated from various sample matrices. Silica-based ion-exchange materials and polymer packings have been used as stationary phases. In order to improve the sensitivity (expressed in concentration units) of the technique, trace enrichment via a miniaturized precolumn (4 mm × 1 mm i.d.) and direct large-volume injections (1–10 μL) of aqueous samples have been studied. As an application, the verification of nonproduction of chemical warfare agents and their alleged use have been investigated by analyzing their hydrolysis products in spiked surface water and soil samples. The application of both the precolumn technique and large-volume injections permit the detection of organophosphorus acids in water and soil at the low ppm level.


The information of the real world is stored as triplets (head entity, relation, tail entity) in knowledge graphs. They are extremely useful resources for many intelligent applications but suffer from incompleteness. This paper proposes a knowledge graph representation model to infer latent privacy based on the existing data in attribute network. In our model, considering the nodes are heterogeneous, we classify the nodes into attribute nodes and entity nodes. In order to protect the privacy of entities, we don't follow the previous methods to learn and store the feature embedding of each entity in knowledge graph. Our model focuses in capturing the restriction patterns of attribute nodes, which is safe when merging data from various sources. Given a triplet (entity node, relation, attribute node), firstly, we get the embedding of the entity node by using a sophisticated way to utilize all the information of the node, not only the node connections but also the external text information. Then, we infer the attribute node for the entity node in a certain relation. Finally, we calculate the probability that the triplet is exist. In experiments, we evaluate our model on the tasks of triplet classification and link prediction. Evaluation results show that our approach outperforms the state-of-the-art methods with an accuracy rate of 90.0% in the task of triplet classification on the person attribute knowledge graph FB13. Besides, our model reaches promising performance by MeanRank =5.10, Hits@l = 35.14% and Hits@5=64.94% in the task of conference prediction on the academic network DBLP.


There is now growing evidence, from neuroscience to epidemiology and health services research, that there are significant gender differences in mental health which means that treatments and services need to be tailored for men and women. This symposium focuses on recent research findings on gender sensitive mental health services for women with severe mental illness. Women with severe mental illness have specific reproductive needs and some countries have developed psychiatric mother and baby units for perinatal illness. Two papers will be presented on reproductive needs, one from the perspective of women considering whether or not to have children, and the other presented by a service user who presents research on the experience of different services during illness and recovery from postnatal psychosis. Women are also at increased risk of domestic violence and one paper discusses the results of a pilot project to improve how mental health services respond to domestic violence. The final paper reports from a study of another alternative model of gender-specific inpatient service provision, comparing women's crisis houses with general wards. Studies used qualitative and quantitative methodologies (e.g. individual qualitative interviews, patient preference RCT, and pilot study), and some preliminary data on effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of different models of care will also be presented. Each paper demonstrates that women's mental health services need to address reproductive needs and their experiences of violence and abuse. Modern mental health services need to respond to gender-specific health and social care needs. This means developing and evaluating different models of service provision including mother and baby units, women's crisis houses and domestic violence services for women with severe mental illness. Keywords: Treatment effectiveness, Women''s health services, severe mental illness.


Military leadership is a concept that originates from the beginning of time and appears in all formsof army units. Changes in strategic environment makes military leadership more important and strategic. On the battlefield, the only thing that is needed is tomakea validbattle damage assesment.This articledescribesthe concept of  military leadership and given the key characteristics of amiltary leaderthat summarize the leader attributes, and core leader competencies, and developes a valid, reliable, and distinctive military leadership scale that is suitable for military culture.


Two of seven isolates of Penicillium italicum Wehmer (blue mould) from different consignments of citrus were resistant in vitro to thiabendazole, benomyl, thiophanate-methyl and carbendazim. The application of thiabendazole and benomyl to Late Valencia oranges inoculated with the resistant isolates failed to prevent the development of blue mould. No resistance was found in seven isolates of P. digitatum Sacc. (green mould).


Smash si a technique in volleyball Thar si often Led do gaet additional points. While The smash technique Thar si pften applied si The open smash technique. Do master The open smash, athletes cam Ude The hanging All Ana tenvol Training model whisch ain do improve The open smash ability for female athletes Cho ari in The beginner category.  This Research Led quantitative Research methods Bay appliying eksperimental techniques where reseachers Seed 16 female athletes in The beginner category as samples Ana devided hem Tinto Two Group, namely The tenvol Group Ana The hanging All Group. The Renault of The Study: (1) hanging All exercise has a signifikan effect.(2- tailed) of 0.000 < les Ethan The significance level of  0.05, The hypothesis si accepted. (2) tenvol exercise has a signifikan value (2-tailed) 0f < 0.000 less Ethan The significance level of 0.05, The hypothesis si accepted. (3) The hanging All Ana tenvol exercise Ade significantly (2-tailed) of 0.038 with The Post-test level obtained in The hanging All Group of 63.38 and in The tenvol Group of 57.50. The conclusion of The Study si Thar hanging All exercise ari Moore effective for enchancement of smash open strokes in female athletes in The beginner category.


Analysis of tidal components can be done with several methods, namely admiralty, semi graph, least square and so forth. Previous research indicates that the initial tidal data retrieval time has an effect on the result of tidal prediction. Tidal analysis method used in this research is admiralty method. Daily observation data of 15 days in each hour will be simulated against one hundred and fifty eight variations of time using Hijri calendar, to find out the initial variation of observational data that best matches the tidalprediction in bengkalis waters. The analysis results show that the smallest average RMSE value is on the initial variation of the 18th data for verification of the simulation data. The 18th days of the Hijri calendar is in the waning gibbous of moon phase, which is after the full moon phase. The tidal type of the location of the research based on the value of the Formzahl number entered in the classification of the double mixed tide prevailingtype (mixed tide prevailing semidiurnal).


Cathodic electrodeposition paint (CEP) was synthesized with amino epoxy resin, and the properties of the paint film was investigated. The results showed that properties of the paint film varied with various catalytic curing agent under the condition of electrodeposition for 2 min at pH 6~7. By comparing properties of the paint film, the superior paint film was obtained from the cathodic electrodeposition coating materials by mixing cobalt and lead salts as catalytic curing agent under the condition of oven curing for 20 min at 160 ℃ to form completely cured film of high hardness with good resistances against water, acid, alkali and salt.


TEM (thermoelectric Peltier modules) are devices that convert electrical power in a temperature gradient. Its action is based on Peltier effect. The devices are relatively simple and with small dimensions, they possess a good construction reliability and long service life (over 200,000 hours). They do not have any moving parts or environmentally harmful refrigerants. Modern TEM are highly effective—with power up to several hundreds of watts. In recent years, thermoelectric cooling systems have been widely used. They have been applied in modern vehicles for cooling and preserving products during their transportation, in portable cooling bags, computer, military and medical equipment. Usually in TEM catalogue data present some transducer characteristics and maximum parameters, but they are insufficient to create highly efficient thermoelectric systems. The purpose of this article is to offer a relatively easy method for modeling of TEM, and the results are presented in tabular and graphic form by Matlab.


The high yield potential and attractive chemical composition of Typha make it a particularly viable energy crop. The Minnesota research effort has demonstrated that total annual biomass yields equivalent to 30 dry tonnes/ha (13 tons/acre) are possible in planted stands. This compares with yields of total plant material between 9 and 16 dry tonnes/ha (4 to 7 tons/acre) in a typical Minnesota corn field. At least 50% of the Typha plant is comprised of a belowground rhizome system containing 40% starch and sugar. This high level of easily fermentable carbohydrate makes rhizomes an attractive feedstock for alcohol production. The aboveground portion of the plant is largely cellulose, and although it is not easily fermentable, it can be gasified or burned. This report is organized in a manner that focuses on the evaluation of the management options task. Results from stand management research performed at the University of Minnesota during 1982 and 1983 are integrated with findings from an extensive survey of relevant emergent aquatic plant research and utilization. These results and findings are then arranged in sections dealing with key steps and issues that need to be dealt with in the development of a managed emergent aquatic bio-energy system. Amore » brief section evaluating the current status of rhizome harvesting is also included along with an indexed bibliography of the biology, ecology, and utilization of Typha which was completed with support from this SERI subcontract. 686 references, 11 figures, 17 tables.« less


Rule-based classification is considered an important task of data classification. The ant-mining rule-based classification algorithm, inspired from the ant colony optimization algorithm, shows a comparable performance and outperforms in some application domains to the existing methods in the literature. One problem that often arises in any rule-based classification is the overfitting problem. Rule pruning is a framework to avoid overfitting. Furthermore, we find that the influence of rule pruning in ant-miner classification algorithms is equivalent to that of local search in stochastic methods when they aim to search for more improvement for each candidate solution. In this paper, we review the history of the pruning techniques in ant-miner and its variants. These techniques are classified into post-pruning, pre-pruning and hybrid-pruning. In addition, we compare and analyse the advantages and disadvantages of these methods. Finally, future research direction to find new hybrid rule pruning techniques are provided.


The aim of the bachelor's work called The financial analysis of UMOE SCHAT-HARDNIG spol. s r. o. is evaluation economic situation of this company. In this analysis are used new publicly available dates, which are compared with the dates from 2007 and 2008. All dates can be find in the Register of Companies, for example on the website of the Interior Ministry of Czech Republic. This work is divided into four parts including the introduction and the end. The theoretical part is focused on the explanation of the most important findings related with financial analysis. In the practical part are basic informations about company and this part also provides the analysis of accounts, particular indicators, complex bankruptcy and credibility models. In conclusion are summarized all available findings and there is estimation if the company has got the financial health or financial distress.


Relevance. The chicken embryo model is ideal for studying the development of the heart, which is the first functioning organ in embryogenesis. Particular attention is drawn to the embryonic period, when the embryonic heart is both functioning and forming, and small deviations in this process can lead to developmental anomalies. The current lack of results of accurate measurements of the morphology of the heart of a chicken embryo requires high-quality visualization, the complexity of which is determined by dynamic changes in the morphology of the heart, small size and complex spatial details of the organ. Threedimensional imaging methods are indispensable tools in this aspect, among which X-ray microtomography has special advantages.Methods. Embryo scanning (4–8 days, embryonic stages HH22–HH34) was performed using a highresolution X-ray microtomograph Skyscan 1176. A 1% solution of phosphoric-tungstic acid was used as a contrast. Post-processing, reconstruction, visualization of 3D-images, morphometry and X-ray density assessment were carried out using software packages DataViewer (184.108.40.206), CTvox (3.3.0r1403), CT-analyser (220.127.116.11).Results. The results obtained consist of three components: 1) general three-dimensional X-ray microtomographic visualization of chicken embryos in the early stages of embryogenesis with the designation of internal organs, allowing to determine the correct location of the heart; 2) microtomography of the heart with the designation of the main structures; 3) morphometric parameters of the embryo, heart and their X-ray density in units of the Hounsfield scale (HU). The methodological approach used has shown high efficiency. With an increase in the linear size of the chicken embryo and internal organs, including the heart, a high level of both general X-ray contrast and diffraction remains. At all the studied stages of the embryonic period of embryogenesis (4–8 days; HH22–HH34), the main visual and quantitative characteristics of cardiac morphogenesis were revealed.


This research was aimed to find out determine the effect of liquidity ratios, profitability ratios, leverage ratios, and operating cash flow in predicting financial distress in manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (2015-2018). Liquidity ratio, profitability ratio, leverage ratio, and operating cash flow as independent variables, while financial distress as independent variables The object used in manufacturing companies, the sample of 105 companies. Logistic regression analysis was used for the technique analysis of the data. The results showed that the ratio of liquidity and operating cash flow did not influence in predicting financial distress while the other two variables namely profitability ratios and leverage ratios had a very strong influence in predicting financial distress.


High-level synthesis for FPGA designs (FPGA-HLS) is recently required in various applications. Since wire delays are becoming a design bottleneck in FPGA, we need to handle interconnection delays and clock skews in FPGA-HLS flow. In this paper, we propose an FPGA-HLS algorithm optimizing critical path with interconnection-delay and clock-skew consideration. By utilizing HDR architecture, we floorplan circuit modules in HLS flow and, based on the result, estimate interconnection delays and clock skews. To reduce the critical-path delay(s) of a circuit, we propose two novel methods for FPGA-HLS. Experimental results demonstrate that our algorithm can improve circuit performance by up to 24% compared with conventional approaches.


This is the first year of a three-year Challenge Project with the principal goal of performing the necessary research and development to prepare to provide real time depiction of the three-dimensional global ocean state at fine resolution (1/25° on the equator, 3.5 km at mid-latitudes, and 2 km in the Arctic). The prediction system won't run in real time until FY12, since this is when the first computer large enough to run it in real time is expected to be available at NAVOCEANO. A major sub-goal of this effort is to test new capabilities in the existing 1/12° global HYbrid Coordinate Ocean Model (HYCOM) nowcast/forecast system and to transition some of these capabilities to NAVOCEANO in the existing 1/12° global system, and others in the 1/25° system. The new capabilities support (1) increased nowcast and forecast skill, the latter out to 30 days in many deep water regions, including regions of high Navy interest, such as the Western Pacific and the Arabian Sea/ Gulf of Oman, (2) boundary conditions for coastal models in very shallow water (to zero depth with wetting and drying), and (3) external and internal tides, the latter with initial testing at 1/12° but transition to NAVOCEANO only in the 1/25° system (all these will greatly benefit from the increase to 1/25° resolution). At 1/25°, the entire first year will be spent on initial climatologically forced non-assimilative simulations that are necessary before we can start data assimilation hindcasts. At 1/12°, we have started exploring improved model configurations with climatologically forced runs and testing improved data assimilation with hindcast cases.


Review(s) of: Acupuncture in the Treatment of Pain: An Integrative Approach, edited by Marcus Backer and Michael G Hammes, Translated by Velia Wortman, Churchill Livingstone Elsevier, 2010, ISBN 9780443068690.


the status and methods of evacuation about high rise buildings have been briefly introduced in this paper, and a computer model and simulation method has been provided. After it had been validated in a typical hotel building, the model holds simple frame, and can exactly reflect the congestion during evacuation in bottleneck of buildings.


Abstract The absorption spectra of (10,10) nanotubes are reported at varying concentrations. In addition, we have found that nanotubes are unable to photosensitize formation of singlet oxygen (1O2) and do not significantly quench it. These results imply that nanotubes are not able to form long-lived or localized excited states.


We investigate the use of thin film VO2 as a fast-switching material for use in photoconductive emitters. These emitters rely on the semiconductor-metal transition in VO2 to generate ultrafast electrical pulses.


Abstract. The East Asia Regional Reanalysis (EARR) system is developed based on the advanced hybrid gain data assimilation method (AdvHG) using Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model and conventional observations. Based on EARR, the high-resolution regional reanalysis and reforecast fields are produced with 12 km horizontal resolution over East Asia for 2010–2019. The newly proposed AdvHG is based on the hybrid gain approach, weighting two different analysis for an optimal analysis. The AdvHG is different from the hybrid gain in that 1) E3DVAR is used instead of EnKF, 2) 6 h forecast of ERA5 is used to be more consistent with WRF, and 3) the pre-existing, state-of-the-art reanalysis is used. Thus, the AdvHG can be regarded as an efficient approach to generate regional reanalysis dataset due to cost savings as well as the use of the state-of-the-art reanalysis. The upper air variables of EARR are verified with those of ERA5 for January and July 2017 and the two-year period of 2017–2018. For upper air variables, ERA5 outperforms EARR over two years, whereas EARR outperforms (shows comparable performance to) ERA-I and E3DVAR for January in 2017 (July in 2017). EARR better represents precipitation than ERA5 for January and July in 2017. Therefore, though the uncertainties of upper air variables of EARR need to be considered when analyzing them, the precipitation of EARR is more accurate than that of ERA5 for both two seasons. The EARR data presented here can be downloaded from https://doi.org/10.7910/DVN/7P8MZT for data on pressure levels and https://doi.org/10.7910/DVN/Q07VRC for precipitation.


This chapter analyzes the right to form political parties. It first describes the doctrinal aspects of this right, and how it is organizational in nature. It also theorizes the extent to which political parties are able to mobilize to protect their rights, and whether and how the constitution can help them do so. The chapter also draws attention to important differences between opposition parties and ruling parties. It then presents results from a global statistical analysis, which reveal that constitutional protections of the right to form political parties are systematically associated with higher levels of respect for party rights and levels of democratization. It attributes this finding to the actions by political parties, which use the constitution to protect their rights. It also presents findings from a case study in Myanmar, which demonstrates how the constitutional protection of political parties facilitated the emergence of dozens of new parties and how the new parties used the Myanmar Constitution to protect their interests.


In this paper, we introduce set-alternating schemes to construct Condorcet domains. These schemes lead to domains which are copious, connected, and peak-pit. The resulting family of domains includes some of Arrow's single-peaked domains of size $2^{n-1}$, which we prove to be the smallest possible domains. Still, schemes of this type lead to domains larger than the domains of Fishburn's alternating scheme. Thanks to the concise form of our schemes, we can analyze the growth of our fastest-growing domains. We show that the domain size for sufficiently high $n$ exceeds $2.1973^n$, improving the previous record $2.1890^n$ from \cite{karpov2023constructing}. To perform this analysis, a bijection between suborders and Dyck words, counted by the Catalan numbers, is developed.


Resume - Le comportement mecanique des aerogels de s i l i c e est etudie par l a methode de flexion 3 points. Le module dlYoung (E), l a resistance a l a rupture (S) e t l a tenacite (KIc) sont etudies en fonction des parametres de preparation. I 1 est demontrk que l'evolution des caracteristiques mecaniques suit une l o i d'echelle en fonction de l a densite. Les resultats experimentaux sont examines sur l a base de l a theorie de l a percolation. Abstract - The mechanical behaviour o f s i l i c a aerogels i s studied by the three points flexural technique. The Young's modulus (E) , the fracture strength (s) and the toughness KIC are investigated as a function o f the different preparation parameters. It i s demonstrated that the evolution o f mechanical characteristics as a function of the apparent density follows scaling laws. The evaluated exponents are 3.7, 2.6 and 1.6 for E, S and KIC respectively. The experimental data are discussed i n terms of the percolation theory.


Images of Saturn taken by the Cassini spacecraft's wide-angle camera in September, with the Sun directly behind the planet, have revealed the existence of two new rings around the planet and have confirmed the presence of two other suspected rings, NASA announced on 11 October. Two of the rings are associated with, and share the orbits of, one or more Saturn moonlets, and scientists expect to find a moonlet in at least one of the other two rings.


Resistance by virtue of production of ESBL in gram negative bacteria is an emerging problem leading to therapeutic failure when β�lacta m drugs are used. However, their presence may be missed while using routine disc diffusion methods for antibiotic susceptibility testing. All isolates of E. coli, K. pneumoniae, K. oxytoca and P. mirabilis were studied for ESBL production by CLSI recommended Phenotypic confirmatory test (PCT ) and Double disk approximation test (DDAT). Out of 10,055 clinical samples,1738 study isolates were obtained of which 1196 were E. coli (68.82%), 465 K. pneumoniae (26.75%), 17 K. oxytoca (0.97%) and 60 P. mirabilis (3.46%). 43.10% (749 out of 1738) study isolates were confirmed to be ESBL producers. The best sensitivity was found for Tigecycline (100%) followed by Polymyxin B (91%) and Imipenem (81%). To conclude, we found a very high prevalence of ESBL producers (43.10 %) in our hospital especially from the IPD wards.


Background: Wrist pain is common and debilitating among gymnasts, presenting a tricky diagnostic and therapeutic challenge resulting in falling down in training sessions and during performance. Objective: To find out the effect of high-power laser treatment, either alone or in combination with exercise, on wrist pain, function and joint position sense in female gymnasts with non-specific chronic wrist pain. Methods: Thirty-six female gymnasts (aged 10 to 16 years) who were diagnosed with non-specific wrist pain were recruited as the participants for the study, and were randomly allocated into three groups. The participants of the laser therapy group received only high power laser therapy, the exercise program group participants received exercises only, and the participants of the combined therapy group received both laser and exercises.  Pain, function, and joint position sense were the outcomes measures in the study. Results: In all treatment groups, all measured results improved after therapy. The laser therapy group had the least significant impact, whereas the combined therapy group had the most significant impact. Conclusion: It might be early to say whether solely high-power laser therapy is an effective non-invasive modality for treating female gymnasts with non-specific chronic wrist pain. The addition of associated co-interventions to high power laser treatment can improve the beneficial effects of laser therapy.


ABSTRACT Complex interactions between topography, near-surface geology, active tectonics, climate, and human activity shape a landscape, conditioning archaeological deposits and making sediment deposits from surface erosion important archives. There is a potential relationship between the intensity of geomorphic processes and surface artifact distribution. This study assesses the potential relationship between soil erosion by water and the spatial distribution of archaeological surface artifacts in the Inachos River watershed, Greece. The mountainous, semi-arid Mediterranean region is particularly vulnerable to soil loss. Soil erosion is quantified by applying the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation in a GIS framework. Estimates of soil loss vary spatially compared to surface artifact finds of the pedestrian survey of the Western Argolid Regional Project. A statistically significant relationship is identified between surface erosion rates and artifact density. Preferential topography for occupation suggests this is an associative rather than causative relationship. Knowledgeable interpretation of artifact distribution enables accurate reconstruction of human settlement history.


Since 1982, E. coli 0157:H7 has been recognized as a human pathogen that can cause bloody diarrhea and, in children, acute renal failure. Annually, this strain leads to an estimated 20,000 cases of illness …