The utility model discloses a manual and electric double-opening lock which includes a pedestal and a lock core. The utility model is characterized in that the manual and electric double-opening lock is also provided with a rotating shaft, a locking piece, a brake plate and the electric drive mechanism of the brake plate; the brake plate is arranged on the pedestal in a rotating plate; the lock core and the electric drive mechanism are matched with the brake plate in a rotating transmission connection way; the end of the rotating shaft penetrating the pedestal is a rotating operation end; the braking plate is matched with the rotating shaft in a radical brake way; the locking piece is linked with the rotating shaft. The utility model has two lock opening modes of key and electric opening. When the key is used to open the lock, the key drives the lock core to rotate; the lock core drives the brake plate to rotate; the brake plate releases the radical braking matching with the rotating shaft; the operation end of the rotating shaft is rotated to lead the locking piece to interlock for realizing unlocking; when the lock is electrically opened, the electric drive mechanism drives the brake plate to rotate; the brake plate releases the radical braking matching with the rotating shaft; simultaneously the operation end of the rotating shaft is rotated to lead the locking piece to interlock for realizing unlocking.


The technical feature of FSC from Honeywell Company and its application in the catalyst cracker plant in the Company are introduced. The structure and operation of the system are described and the effect is summarized.


Alongside the acceleration of population aging, the morbitity of dementia is rising, it has become a great concern of the whole society. The level of the skills for recognition of dementia for community doctors is lower no matter in domestic or international. The training on skills for recognition of dementia is still deficient. They have begun to pay attention to the problem and carried out related training research in abroad, but there haven't any training of dementia for community doctors in domestic, we need to think about the necessity and the methods of training on dementia for community doctors in China.


Inthis papera newbehavior-based control for autonomous mobile robots isproposed andcompared with themainbehavioral control techniques. Thebehavioral al- gorithms share thesameapproach totheproblem: rstthe overall motion control problem isdecomposed insimple tasks tobeachieved bytherobot; thenthetasks arearranged so that anunivocal motion commandisgiven totherobot. The difference amongthealgorithms ismainly inthewaythey compone theoutputs ofthesingle tasks. Ourevaluation will concern inparticular thekinematic aspect ofhandling those outputs. IndexTermsBehavioral Control, Mobile Robots.


We report an autofocused, enhanced proton acceleration by the interaction of an intense laser pulse with a bulged target. These results are obtained from two-dimensional particle-in-cell simulations using a real Gaussian laser pulse, normally incident on a bulged/planar, 60 nm thick foil (C:H=1:1). When the laser pulse hits the precurved target, energetic protons are converged on the axis automatically. For the bulged foil, due to oblique incidence at the wing region, the efficient vacuum heating at larger incidence angles will result in more energetic hot electrons than from the flat foil. The enhancement of hot electron temperature and density will result in a larger longitudinal field, which contributes to an enhancement of proton energy. The maximum proton energy of 124 MeV is attained from a bulged target irradiated by a linear polarized laser pulse at an intensity of 1.3×1020 W/cm2, which is two times higher than from the planar target (61 MeV).


The purpose of this study was to determine the use of interactive multimedia-based teaching materials in early childhood with the application of the CIPP evaluation model (Context, Input, Process, Product). This study used the CIPP method which has four evaluation attributes: 1) Context, 2) Input, 3) Process 4) Product. And the rating weight category with a Likert Scale with a questionnaire used in the form of 5 answer choices. Objects in product evaluation of interactive multimedia-based teaching materials that will be developed. The research was conducted by testing the evaluation model. By testing the quality of the model developed is truly tested empirically. The validation instrument is to determine the feasibility of interactive multimedia-based teaching materials developed for use by Early Childhood Children to achieve an effective learning process. Collecting data in this study using validation instruments. The data analysis technique in this study used the CIPP model to evaluate the use of interactive multimedia-based teaching materials with 12 indicators and 53 questions related to the use of interactive multimedia-based teaching materials for early childhood with an average score of 72%. Declared relevant and can be utilized in learning in early childhood. The revisions desired by the evaluator are: 1) instructions for using teaching materials are made, because in the manufacture of interactive multimedia-based teaching materials there are no guidelines for operating these interactive multimedia teaching materials. With the revision of this evaluator, the researcher made instructions or guidelines for the operation of this interactive multimedia-based teaching material. 2) suitability of the material with the daily learning implementation plan (RPPH) on interactive multimedia-based teaching materials


Objective To investigate the effect of hepcidin on iron and bone metabolism indexes in osteoblasts and their correlation.Methods After 3-day culturing,the expression of ferroportin1(Fpn1) in human fetal osteoblasts hFOB1.19 was detected using reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR).Then,different concentrations of hepcidin(25 noml/L,50 noml/L,and100 noml/L) were additioned to the medium,and the same volume of double distilled water was additioned in control group.After 20-hour intervention,cell proliferation was detected using MTT method.The changes of fluorescence intensity after fluorescence staining of intracellular iron in osteoblasts were measured using a confocal laser scanning microscope(CLSM).von Kossa staining was performedto evaluate cell mineralization.The expression of BGP,COL1,and OPG was detected using RT-PCR.Results The expression of Fpn-1 was positive in hFOB 1.19.Hepcidin had no significant effect on hFOB 1.19 proliferation(P0.05).After the intervention with hepcidin,the concentration of ion increased in osteoblasts,and the mineralization also enhanced,both showing a dose-dependent manner with the concentration of hepcidin(P0.05).After the intervention with different concentrations of hepcidin,the mRNA expression of COL1,OPG,and BGP detected using RT-PCR was positive in all groups.The optical density ratio of COL1,OPG,and BGP after the intervention with different concentrations of hepcidin was different,and the difference was significant(P0.05).The expression of OPG was inhibited by hepcidin at the concentration of 400 nmol/L(P0.05).Conclusion Fpn1,which can react with hepcidin,exsits in osteoblasts.So,after the intervention of hepcidin,the intracellular concentration of iron ion changes specificly.And the mineralization enhances.The mRNA expression of BGP,COL1,and OPG also increase.Hepcidin may affect the changes of iron ion concentration through Fpn1 in osteoblasts,and the changes of iron metabolism may result in the up-regulation of osteogenesis indexes.


Objective To investigate clinical effet of proximal femur locking compression plate fixation(LCP) and dynamic hip screw in treating old patients with intertrochanteric fractures.Methods All of 64 old patients with intertrochanteric fractures were randomly divided into the DHS group and LCP group,with 32 patients in each group.The surgical time,bleeding amount,and fracture healing time and outcomes were observed and compared.Results In the LCP group,the surgical time was(55.2±11.3) min,which was significantly lower than that of the DHS group(84.1±14.5) min(P0.05);the bleeding amount in the LCP group was(102.2±21.5) mL,which was significantly less than that of the DHS group(260.7±42.1) mL(P0.01).The fracture healing time had no significant difference between two group(P0.05).The clinical outcomes had significant difference between two groups(χ2=3.98,P0.05),and the healing ratio was 96.9%(31/32) in the LCP group,which was remarkably higher than 78.1%(25/32) in the DHS group(P0.05).Conclusion Compared with DHS,the LCP could treat old patients with intertrochanteric fractures has less surgical time,bleeding amount,and high fracture healing ratio,thus worth clinical application.


The authors present a fascinating study that reveals compelling evidence of plant genotype mediating the influence of inundation on coastal marsh soil microbial communities. Overall, the work makes a strong contribution that substantively advances understanding of whether (and how) intraspecific variation in ecologically dominant plants influences key aspects of carbon cycling in coastal marshes, which disproportionately influence the global carbon budget. Accordingly, the work warrants publication as it will be of great interest to a broad audience, ranging from evolutionary biologists to soil biogeochemists. Before publication, the authors should make some relatively minor but important revisions that will strengthen the presentation of their work, as follows:


Urbanization and the economic, social and environmental development of the city in Algeria are based on urban planning instruments. These instruments, once approved by the different deconcentrated directions of the state as well as the associations, become opposable to third parties and move directly to their implementation on the ground. To ensure the habitability of urban spaces, these urban planning instruments, whether approved, in the process of being approved or not yet launched, must have the characteristics of efficiency and profitability. The question that arises is how to ensure this efficiency and profitability of the instrument? In order for these instruments to meet these characteristics and be equal to the urban changes and needs of tomorrow, the use of good management of the instrument is essential, but this management can only be ensured through the establishment of a grid of indicators that will serve as a tool for monitoring and evaluating the degree of effectiveness and profitability of the instrument at the time of its execution. In the event that the instrument does not meet a given need, a decision will be taken to ensure its proper management, effectiveness and profitability.


The study was carried out to investigate sensory characteristics of Chongilppong mulberry fruit wine, as well as biological effects of subfraction of MeOH extracts. In the results of sensory evaluation of mulberry fruit wine, color and taste showed good overall preference. In the cholesterol-induced hyperlipidemia rats administered with subfraction of mulberry fruit extract, serum triglyceride, GPT and GOT level in serum were generally decreased. Therefore, the above results suggested that mulberry fruit water soluble fraction can help to maintain normal liver functions and to protect hyperlipidemia.


In this paper we consider the question of observational signatures of a false vacuum decay event in the early universe followed by a period of inflation; in particular, motivated by the string landscape, we consider decays in which the parent vacuum has a smaller number of large dimensions than the current vacuum, which leads to an anisotropic universe. We go beyond previous studies, and examine the effects on the CMB temperature and polarisation power spectra, due to both scalar and tensor modes, and consider not only late-time effects but also the full cosmological perturbation theory at early times. We find that whilst the scalar mode behaves as one would expect, and the effects of anisotropy at early times are sub-dominant to the late-time effects already studied, for the tensor modes in fact the the early-time effects grow with multipole and can become much larger than one would expect, even dominating over the late-time effects. Thus these effects should be included if one is looking for such a signal in the tensor modes.


We present a thermodynamic theory of the conductive filament growth and dissolution in random access memory describing the observed features of their current-voltage (IV) characteristics. Our theory is based on the self-consisted Fokker-Planck approach reducing the filament kinetics to its thermodynamics. Expressing the observed IV features through material parameters, our results pave a way to device improvements.


We fabricated oxidized porous polysilicon (OPPS) field emitters and investigated their field emission characteristics using a Ti/Pt multi-layer electrode of different thicknesses and OPPS emitters, which were patterned in a 7 × 7 array. Each unit pixel of the 7 × 7 array OPPS on the field emitter, with a structure of Pt/OPPS/n-type Si, was in operation and their field emission characteristics were investigated using a thermal oxidation process with a Ti/Pt multi-layer electrode. A non-doped polysilicon layer 1.75 µm is deposited on a heavily doped n-type silicon wafer and anodized in a solution of HF (50%):ethanol in a 1:1 ratio. The Ti/Pt multi-layer electrodes were formed with different thicknesses using a DC sputter. The achieved higher emission efficiency of the Ti/Pt electrode, with thickness of 2 nm/7 nm was 1.57% at Vps = 20 V. The investigated field emission characteristics of the unit pixel also demonstrated good uniformity.


This paper reports on the synthesis and use of palladium on nano-magnetite as a magnetically separable catalyst for copper- and ligand-free Songashira and Stille coupling reactions. The catalyst was characterized using powder XRD, SEM, EDS and VSM techniques. This method has the advantages of high yields, simple methodology and easy work-up. Catalytic efficiency remains unaltered even after several repeated cycles.


This article comprehensively using J2EE, Struts, Hibernate, MVC design patterns, Data mining technology etc,Established a multilayer distributed of E - government system, And using for reference the Winters model, Unitary linear regression, quadric exponential smoothing model of data were abstracted prediction, And in the J2EE platform using Java language to realization.


This paper argues the possibility of application of principle of proportionality, as a general principle of international law, for actions of the Host-State in pursuance of the contract with the investor, without abrogating the distinction between contract and treaty-based rights and obligations. The task would be to probe whether breach of contract with investor entails an international obligation of balancing the excess of exercise of contractual authority by the State with the investor's contractual rights and delimit the ex ante discretionary powers of Host-State, which principle of proportionality seeks to promote.


ABSTRACT A procedure for soil moisture (SM) estimation over flat lands in the Argentinian Pampas region, using the water balance equation that considers SM to be the result of water inflows and outflows to the soil system, is presented. In recent years, remotely sensed data with Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) and radiometer sensors have been used to develop different methodologies to obtain SM maps. Thus, a variety of methodologies with different levels of complexity are available nowadays. These models require soil information such as soil physical properties and mineral composition, not readily available in Argentina and many other remote areas of the world. The procedure presented in this paper takes into account water input and output processes of the soil system and represents them with different hydro-environmental variables and SAR data. The water balance equation was solved with Multiple Linear Regression (MLR), Multivariate Adaptive Regression Splines (MARS) and Artificial Neural Network (ANN) statistical models, fed with readily available data over Comisión Nacional de Actividades Espaciales (CONAE) core site located in Cordoba province, Argentina. The resulting models were obtained with precipitation (PP), air temperature () and relative humidity (RH) observations and with SAR data from the Sentinel-1A satellite mission. The accuracy of the model estimates represents 10 of the observed measured values of SM and is in line with state of the art algorithms. Results suggest that any model can be used with similar precision, since they show similar errors, although the MLR method allows analyzing and quantifying the errors introduced by the variables.


The definition of marriage varies according to different cultures. It is considered a cultural universal. In terms of legal recognition, most sovereign states and other jurisdictions limit marriage to opposite-sex couples or two persons of opposite gender in the gender binary, and a diminishing number of these permit polygyny, and forced marriages. In modern times, a growing number of countries and other jurisdictions have lifted bans on and have established legal recognition for same-sex marriage. This work attempts a critical analysis of the concept of same sex marriage in a jurisdiction such as Nigeria and compares with more developed jurisdictions such as the United States and the United Kingdom. With the advent of globalization and the flexible use of human rights, the work creates a convergence between different forms of marriage and the need for countries such as Nigeria to appreciate the inherent right of human beings to engage in a union that is best for them.


The paper deals with turbidity current in settling tank. The flow field is assumed to be twodimensional, steady, isothermal and turbulent. Special attention is paid on the effect of boundary layer growth along the tank bottom on density affected flow.To predict velocity profile and sediment concentration distribution, a mathematical model is presented using k-e turbulence model. Laboratory experiments are excuted and numerical solutions of the model predict well the results of the experiments. It is demonstrated that the growth of bottom boundary layer promotes vertical mixing of suspended solids and at the same time bottom shear depresses turbidity currents and that the flow patterns are similar to that of ideal tank, near the inlet zone, since the boundary layer thickness is small.


Aluminized glass fiber composite with epoxy and polyester matrix were used in this work in order to study fatigue properties and its comparison to conventional glass fiber composites. Until now aluminized glass fiber materials have been only used as decoy flares in military applications. The innovative advantages of these composites, using modified fibers, are potentially the improvement of thermal and electrical conduction. The main objective of this work was to study the fatigue damage of coated fiber materials using stiffness loss and potential drop t th were also t ©


The early diagnosis of thrombosis of the deep veins of the legs is one of the most difficult, as well as most important diagnoses doctors have to make. The condition, frequently, is unsuspected until embolism occurs. This missed diagnosis may cause a serious or a fatal complication. While surgical or anticoagulant therapy, or a combination of the two, can reduce effectively these complications, the diagnosis must be made first. In a previous report on the diagnosis and treatment of thrombosis of the deep veins of the leg, I briefly mentioned the presence of three dilated veins over the tibia as an early sign. 1 Since then, this phenomenon has been observed so consistently that the term "sentinal" veins has been coined for it. I believe that these veins are the earliest objective sign of deep vein thrombosis and that attention should be directed to their presence so that effective therapy


Introduction: Endometriosis is quite common in ladies in their reproductive age, however, endometriosis of the appendix is uncommon. It is important for general surgeons to be aware of this diagnosis as incidental findings of endometriosis may occur intraoperatively during abdominal surgery to ensure timely referral to our colleagues. I present a case of endometriosis of the appendix that was diagnosed as an acute appendicitis on computed tomography (CT) scan. Case Report: A 30-year-old lady presented with one day history of lower abdominal pain more on the right lower abdomen. She is known to have endometriosis previously. A CT scan revealed acute appendicitis with inflammatory changes in distal ileum and the appendix was slightly dilated at 6.3 mm. She also had an ultrasound that revealed a large 4 mm ovarian hypoechoic mass on her left ovary likely representing an endometrioma. She underwent a laparoscopic appendectomy and the histology result revealed two foci of endometrial present in the subserosa of the appendix with surrounding endometrial stroma seen. However, there was no acute inflammation of the appendix. Conclusion: It is essential to be aware of the potential of endometriosis being a differential diagnosis in female of childbearing age who present with right iliac fossa. The gynecology team should be involved early especially when there is suspicion of involvement of the female reproductive organ. We would recommend surgical management of patient with symptomatic endometriosis of the appendix.


Yamama Formation is an important sequence in southern Iraq. Petrographic analysis was used to determine and analyze the microfacies and pore types. The diagenetic processes and the impacts on the petrophysical properties of the rocks were also identified. The petrographic identification was based on data of 250 thin sections of cutting and core samples from four wells that were supplied by the Iraqi Oil Exploration Company (O.E.C). The present study focuses on the depositional environment and the microfacies analysis of Yamama Formation. The results revealed several types of microfacies, including  peloidal wackestone-packstone, algal wackestone-packstone, bioclastic wackestone-packstone, foraminiferal wackestone, bioclastic wackestone, and  mudstone. The latter was divided into two submicrofacies, namely argillaceous lime mudstone and sparse fossiliferous lime mudstone. The study showed that Yamama Formation was deposited through various settings within the carbonate platform; these comprise inner ramp, middle ramp, and outer ramp settings. The inner and middle ramp settings, characterized at the top and middle Formation, have high effective porosity and low clay volume, due to dominant packstone.


The invention discloses a preparation method and production device of iodine pentafluoride. The preparation method comprises following steps: (1) adding iodine pentafluoride and molten iodine respectively into a first reaction kettle and a second reaction kettle to form a mixed system; (2) feeding a mixed gas containing fluorine and nitrogen into the first reaction kettle, feeding the rest mixed gas into the second reaction kettle for reaction, and discharging the rest gas; (3) when the reaction in the first reaction kettle is finished, discharging generated iodine pentafluoride and then preparing the mixed system; (4) feeding the mixed gas containing fluorine and nitrogen into the second reaction kettle, feeding the rest mixed gas into the first reaction kettle for reaction, and discharging the rest gas; (5) when the reaction in the second reaction kettle is finished, discharging generated iodine pentafluoride and then preparing the mixed system; and (6) repeatedly performing the operations from the step (2) to the step (5). The preparation method achieves continuous production of the iodine pentafluoride and increase a utilization ratio of the raw materials. A product is stable in quality and high in yield. Meanwhile, waste of a fluorine resource and environmental pollution are avoided.


This work aims to study the intervariation of chemical composition and antioxidant capacity of fresh immature fruits of 12 varieties of Abelmoschus esculentus. The phytochemical screening of fresh immature fruits powder of A. esculentus was realised using the experimental methodology of Houghton. Total phenolic content was determined by using the Folin-Ciocalteu method while total flavonoids and condensed tannins content were estimated using the AlCl3 method and vanillin method respectively. The antioxidant capacities in the forms of DPPH (2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) was evaluated by spectrophotometric method. The phytochemical screening made upon the powder of fresh immature fruits of A. esculentus revealed the presence of catechin tannins, mucilages, flavonoids, leuco-anthocyanins, reducing compounds, sterols and terpens. The results showed also that total phenolic compounds content, flavonoids and condensed tannins values were higher in V16 extract: 25.514 ± 0.005 mg GAE/100mg of dry matter, 63.786 ± 0.013 mg QE/g of dry matter and 12.242 ± 0.036 mg CE/g of dry matter. At 1 mg/mL, the inhibition percentage of DPPH radical scavenging activity ranged from 60.40 to 92.71%. The variety V16 had the highest DPPH scavenging capacity. Hence, the variety V16 represents a potential source of phenolic compounds and antioxidants and could be used in pharmaceutical and food preparations.


Abstract Agricultural programmes are implemented in sub-Saharan African countries to stimulate rural economic development. One such programme is the Presidential Cassava Initiative (PCI) in Nigeria aimed at reducing poverty and food insecurity, but there is a limited study on contribution of the programme to cassava output and food security. This study estimated the effects of the PCI on cassava output and food security in Nigeria. A three-stage multivariate linear regression model was applied in the empirical analysis. The results showed that the PCI has increased cassava output; promoted food supply; and enhanced national food security. The study concludes that agricultural development interventions are required to achieve a sustainable food supply and food security in sub-Saharan Africa. It is recommended that exit strategy should be incorporated in designing agricultural interventions to enable beneficiaries to enjoy sustainable effects.


Earnings management in financial statements can be caused by accrual accounting policies applied and conflicts of interest in agency theory. This study aims to analyze and compare earnings management in financial statements of conventional banks and Islamic banks. This research is a descriptive study of banks listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2017-2018. Earnings management is measured by accrual earnings management proxied by discretionary accruals using the modified-Jones model. The samples are 10 Islamic banks and 32 conventional banks. The results show that the comparison of the average absolute value of discretionary accruals for conventional banks is 0.0659 and for Islamic banks is 0.0478. It shows that discretionary accruals for Islamic banks are generally smaller compared to conventional banks. This indicates that the level of earnings management in Islamic bank financial statements is lower than conventional banks.


In recent years, optical properties of the complex systems involving both metal plasmons and molecular/semiconductor excitons have attracted great attentions due to their rich and varied optical characteristics. In this type of hybrid systems, the plasmon plays a role to drastically enhance the coupling between the system and external field, while the exciton plays a role to control the detailed spectral properties, providing tempting avenues for manipulating new optical control beyond what can be achieved using either of the components. In addition to the mutual coupling between the plasmon and exciton, their different linewidths and the abilities to couple with external field provide a variety of control handles to tune the optical properties of the hybrid systems. It thus allows to precisely manipulate light on the nanometer‐scale, opening up opportunities for novel sensing, light‐emitting, and photovoltaic devices. Here, the recent progress in both theoretical and experimental developments is reviewed. The theoretical part is focused on studies of the absorption/scattering spectral line shapes of the hybrid systems, especially the transition between Fano resonance and Rabi splitting peaks. The various technical approaches to tune the plasmon–exciton coupling in complex systems are reviewed in the experimental part.


During the spring semester 2012 Robin Westlund has accomplished "Controlled interaction for more creative meetings - Summit Flexiwall" with the individual focus on social communication based on visual interaction in future office. The project was a part of the course Degree Project for degree of Bachelor of Science in Innovation and Design Engineering (MSGC12) which includes 22,5 ECTS Credits. The course is a part in the program Innovation and Design Engineering program within the Faculty of Technology and Science at Karlstad University. Assigner of the project was Moelven Eurowand AB with their head office in Orebro. The company manufactures and assembles entire room solutions for offices. Supervisor at the company was Pernilla Irewharn. Supervisor at Karlstads University was adjunct and program holder Monica Jakobsson. Examiner has been professor at the Faculty of Technology and Science at Karlstad University, Fredrik Thuvander. Moelven Eurowand is the market leading company and intends to maintain that position. To keep that position the company needs to take the lead of developing new room solutions. With that in mind this project was initiated. In the beginning of the project the main focus was to identify the needs on future offices. These were analyzed and summarized. The summary resulted in a vision which was visualized as an adjustable dimmer for fully control of the environment on the individual workplace. The dimmer was vital for further development of a realizable product and operated as a symbol through the entire project. Summit Flexiwall is a product developed to satisfy the needs of an office worker in terms of privacy and social interaction. Summit Flexiwall is a flexible panel wall who operates as a screen wall when necessary. The product is designed to encourage spontaneous meetings because these kinds of meetings are the ones who are the most creative and leading the work forward. Summit Flexiwall creates room in a room and because of this very suitable for Moelven Eurowand AB product range.


This paper is concerned with the locomotion property of the Lamprey neural system that is modeled by the winnerless competition (WLC) networks. An improved small dataset method for computing the largest Lyapunov exponent is proposed and applied to chaos detection. Application to classical non-linear systems shows that the new algorithm not only works effectively but also achieves better accuracy than the Wolf method. The new algorithm is then employed to study the chaotic properties of the Lamprey neural system. In addition, phase portrait for small perturbation on initial states of the dynamic system is also drawn to aid in chaos determination. Simulation results demonstrate that under some mild external stimulus, the Lamprey neural system exhibits chaos, when external stimulus continues increasing, the Lamprey neural system could return back to steady state.


The IDR/UPM Institute1 (Instituto Universitario de Microgravedad 'Ignacio da Riva') joined the 1st European Space Agency (ESA) Academy's Concurrent Engineering Challenge in September 2017. The aim of this Challenge was to gather around students of different ESA members or associated States to design a mission in the ESA Educational Concurrent Design Facility (CDF). Three more groups from Universidad Politecnica de Madrid (Spain), Politecnico di Torino (Italy), and University of Strathclyde (United Kingdom) were invited to join the Challenge. The purpose of this exercise was the design of a mission proposed by ESA. Universidad Politecnica de Madrid (UPM) was represented by students and professors from the Master in Space Systems (Master Universitario en Sistemas Espaciales - MUSE2), who successfully developed a full mission (Moon Explorer and Observer of Water-ice -MEOW-), which is described in the present work. This mission fulfilled all ESA requirements. In this paper the educational point of view is described (students preparation, challenges encountered, lessons learned, etc.).


This paper presents a picture of the segmentation and social diversity in the Metropolitan Area of Porto Alegre. It is based on the assumption that labor has a structuring role in society. Evidence was collected in the Demographic Census of the year 2000. The authors built a social-occupational typology and it identifies a number of basic characteristics in the population. The main hypothesis is that a process of social and spatial segregation is under way and that this was deepened in the most densely populated urban areas due to the transformations provoked by the economic restructuring.


The availability of information on pavement moduli profile is essential for mechanistic design and rehabilitation decisions of new and distressed pavements. The Falling Weight Deflectometer (FWD) test is in use by many states for monitoring variability of pavement materials and seasonal changes in material properties, and for providing data for overlay thickness design. Experience has shown that different backcalculation programs produce different results when applied to the same pavement. In this project, dynamic finite element models of flexible, rigid, and composite pavements were developed to produce deflection basins that closely match those measured during FWD tests. The pavement moduli profiles predicted by several major backcalculation programs for the same pavement structure will be compared with the moduli profile used in the finite element model. The backcalculation algorithm that produces a moduli profile closest to the one used in the model will be identified. The effect of thermal warping of concrete slabs and layers interface bond on the backcalculated moduli will be studied.


Approximately 75% of xenobiotics are primarily eliminated through metabolism; thus the accurate scaling of metabolic clearance is vital to successful drug development. Yet, when data is scaled from in vitro to in vivo, hepatic metabolic clearance, the primary source of metabolism, is still commonly underpredicted. Over the past decades, with biophysics used as a key component to restore aspects of the in vivo environment, several new cell culture settings have been investigated to improve hepatocyte functionalities. Most of these studies have focused on shear stress, i.e., flow mediated by a pressure gradient. One potential conclusion of these studies is that hepatocytes are naturally "mechanosensitive," i.e., they respond to a change in their biophysical environment. We demonstrate that hepatocytes also respond to an increase in hydrostatic pressure that, we suggest, is directly linked to the lobule geometry and vessel density. Furthermore, we demonstrate that hydrostatic pressure improves albumin production and increases cytochrome P-450 (CYP) 1A2 expression levels in an aryl hydrocarbon-dependent manner in human hepatocytes. Increased albumin production and CYP function are commonly attributed to the impacts of shear stress in microfluidic experiments. Therefore, our results highlight evidence of a novel link between hydrostatic pressure and CYP metabolism and demonstrate that the spectrum of hepatocyte mechanosensitivity might be larger than previously thought.


Xen is an exciting and still relatively new technology. This paper describes how to get a bare bones install of xen going with minimal trouble and time.


This study examined the major contents of some 70 kinds of tea rites and eight kinds of tea books from Song Dynasty based on A Collection of Chinese Historical Materials on Tea Leaves (中國茶葉歷史資料選集) compiled by Jin Jo Gyu and Ju Ja Jin. In China, the writing of books on tea started with Tea Classic(茶經) by Yuku in Tang. In Song Dynasty, a hefty 30% of Chinese ancient books on tea were published, including Cheonmyeongrok by Dogok, Darok by Chaeyang, Yongcharokhuseo by Gu Yang Su, Pumchayorok by Hwang Yu, Donggyesidarok by Song Ja An, Daegwandaron by Emperor Huizong Zhao Ji, SeonhwaBukwonGongChaRok written by Woongbeon(熊蕃), and Bukwonbyeolrok by Jo Yeo Ryeo. In Song, some 70 kinds of tea rites were further enriched by literati s literary talent and emotion such as the writing of poems or literary commentaries. In those times in Song, many literati, scholars, and government officials were the very masters of teas, and they created the harmonious beauty and deep mental world into poems, calligraphies and paintings, from their tea life.
In particular, most of books on tea published in Dynasty feature many contents of tribute tea. Nearly all authors of tea books were government officials in charge of tea rites in Bukwon, including officials responsible for transporting grains as taxes in Bukwon, Geonan. The books recorded the authors first-hand experience, detailing the entire process of making tea from cultivation to collection to drying, as well as kinds of tribute tea. Books on tea published in Song are important historical materials for researching Song s tea industry and tea culture. Song s tea culture reached the loftiest level in the history of China. Considering the times publication circumstances and expansive geographical scope, however, the distribution of books on tea and exchange of knowledge presumably were not facilitated. Due to such circumstances, Song s books on tea were generally written based on compilers experience, observation and knowledge.


Overnight or longer exposure to a saturated atmosphere of carbon tetrachloride (about 925 mg per liter) at 24-29 severely injured seeds of species of Pinus, Picea, Larix , and Thuja but apparently not those of Cupressus spp., whether the seeds were germinated shortly after treatment or 9-10 months later. Moreover, 1 or more species of Pinus, Picea , and Larix were injured by a 4-hour exposure. Slight reduction in germination of 2 of 3 species of Picea and I of 3 of Pinus occurred after a 24-hour fumigation with a mixture of 80% carbon tetrachloride-20% carbon disulfide (5: 1 by weight) at a rate of 480 mg per liter of carbon tetrachloride and 96 mg of carbon disulfide.


The method of extrusion rolling depression molding was used to prepare the composite of the carbide slag and polyvinyl chloride.It was investigated that the different coupling agents influence on the mechanical property of the composite,the optimum portion of the coupling agents that modified effects was the best and the optimum filling share of the carbide slag was modified by it had been researched.The results indicated that the modified effects of silane coupling agents KH-590 was the best in the different coupling agents,the optimum portion was 2 %.When the portion of polyvinyl chloride were one hundred shares,the best filling portion of the carbide slag which was modified by KH-590 were sixty shares.


The present invention relates to a device for transporting, separating, stopping and / or magazining inherently stable Werkststucken 1 comprising a transportation path 2, 12 for moving the workpiece 1 in a transport direction 4, 13, and, in the direction of transport 4, seen 13, the right side and arranged on the left next to the transport path 2, 12 guides 6, 14 for the work pieces 1. the guides 6, 14 are provided with means 7, 15 for driving, holding and / or braking of the workpieces 1, said means 7, 15 of elastically resilient material are formed.


Folia digitalis (Syn. Digitalis purpurea ) is a medicinal plant of high value. It is not indigenous to India but it is cultivated in temperate hill stations. Complete details regarding its cultivation are furnished, concerning such items as nursery practice, method of planting, manuring, harvesting, storage of leaves, etc. The leaves of plants raised at Lachog in Solan Division were analysed, and found to have a potency equivalent of 31.5 units per gram or 252% stronger than the international digitalis powder. The yield of leaves varied from 500 to 1,000 pounds per acre.


With the advent of technology and algorithms in image processing, many wearable aides are available in the market, and researchers across the globe are developing new solutions. The existing solutions and products fail to provide an economically viable and single solution to the problem of visually impaired people. This study introduces AIde, a novel system amalgamating optimized computer vision algorithms and wearable IoT devices to convert the information extracted from the camera mounted on the user to audio-based signals for assisted mobility. The proposed system has three user modes: indoor, outdoor, and hybrid, which can be modified using the buttons provided on the wearable device. The indoor mode can be used for object detection and classification to increase the accessibility of the objects inside a confined space, and the outdoor mode will provide the user with enhanced mobility and directional sense based on the highlighted path captured by the mounted camera. The hybrid model combines both the features of indoor and outdoor modes, which will detect objects and improve mobility simultaneously. The proposed model is optimized to work in a computationally efficient environment with an at par efficiency and accuracy as the state-of-art and costly market alternatives.


Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue sections (bursa, spleen, Harderian glands etc.) obtained from broiler chicks infected with IBD virus under experimental conditions were examined for the presence of IBD virus antigen(s). We describe an immuno-peroxidase test for the detection of viral antigens. Precisely, the tissue sections were deparaffinised with xylene, endogenous activity quenched with 0.5% H2O2 in methanol. The non-specific binding sites of immunoglobulins were blocked with 10% BSA and normal rabbit serum (1:1) after treatment with anti-chicken unconjugated whole serum. IBD-specific serum and peroxidase conjugate were then added. Using DAB as chromogen, the tissue sections were counter-stained with haematoxylin. A positive reaction was demonstrable by development of intense brown colour. Lesions were scored based on intensity of colour and area showing positive reaction.


This is a fine and exhaustive study (footnotes and appendices are massive; sub-headings are almost too much of a treat) based on a prize thesis presented to Tfbingen's history faculty in the summer of 1991 on the Lutheran teaching pastorate contained in 1000 printed parish sermons left by twenty-four out of forty theologians in Tfbingen's theology faculty in the long period 1550-1750: visual bar chart supplied (40). The merit of Holtz's book lies in Swabian detail about times associated with the conventional keywords Orthodoxy, Pietism and Enlightenment. Holtz shows us that the Swabian Reformation pulpit lived a very long life indeed: sixteenth-century prescribed pericopes


During the last decades, new techniques and advancements have strengthened the research performed in biotechnology, drug discovery, and biomedical research. The advance in computation has allowed structure-based drug design to emerge as a valuable tool in medicinal chemistry. In the past combinatorial chemistry, coupled with high-throughput screening, shifted the attention away from the more structure-based methods. The relatively large number ofsolved protein structures is reversing the drug discovery process by using the structures to derive rules how molecules might bind to a protein and thereby identifying and designing new ligands that could be potential drug molecules. It is the integration of structure-/ligand-based methods, virtual screening, and combinatorial chemistry that will provide the basis for more efficient drug design in the future, significantly reducing the design cycle and the cost per marked drug. Key principles in the field of computer-aided ligand design will be illustrated through a case study that explores drug design for the protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B.


Hamstring Strength and Morphology Progression after Return to Sport from Injury In the March 2013 issue of Medicine & Science in Sports & ExerciseA, the authors sought to characterize hamstring strength and morphology at the time of return to sport (RTS) and again after 6 months (1). Hamstring reinjury rates can reach levels of 30% within the first 2 wk following RTS, and the theory is that incomplete recovery of strength may be a contributing factor. The relative strength of injured versus uninjured limbs at RTS is currently unknown. In this research study that was funded partially by the National Football League Medical Charities, 25 athletes with an acute hamstring injury participated after completing a controlled rehabilitation program. Subjects averaged 26 d away from sport,with 16 injuries to the biceps femoris, 4 to the semimembranosus, and 2 to the semitendinosus. The subjects underwent bilateral isokinetic strength testing and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) at the time of RTS and again 6 months later. Only 22 subjects completed the testing due to 3 reinjuring themselves during the study. Strength measurements included knee flexion peak torque, work, and angle of peak torque. The MRI looked at muscle and tendon volumes. The measures were compared between the injured and unaffected limbs and over time using repeated measures. The results of the study demonstrated several significant findings. It was found that the injured limb had a peak torque deficit of 9.6% compared with the uninjured limb at RTS but not at 6-month follow-up. The knee flexion angle of peak torque decreased over time for both limbs, and MRI images demonstrated 20.4% of the muscle cross-sectional area with signs of edema at RTS, which was resolved fully by the 6-month follow-up. An interesting finding was that tendon volume of the injured limb tended to increase over time (P = 0.108), while muscle volume decreased 4% to 5% in both limbs (P G 0.001). The authors proposed that part of the strength gains seen over time can be explained by removal of the neuromuscular inhibition during the course of complete muscle healing, regardless of muscle volume changes. They did not, however, collect electromyography data in their study so they were unable to confirm this relationship. The authors concluded that residual edema and deficits in isokinetic knee flexion strength were present at RTS but resolved during the subsequent 6 months. This occurred despite MRI evidence of scar tissue formation (increased tendon volume) and muscle atrophy, suggesting that neuromuscular factors may contribute to the return of strength. The authors suggest that future work is needed to more closely identify the time point of recovery. They also expressed concern that the battery of tests traditionally used to clear subjects for RTS was inadequate as all subjects were cleared for RTS despite findings of residual deficits. The suggestion to include objective measures such as isokinetic strength seems warranted in determining readiness for RTS. Although a limited number of reinjuries were observed during the 6-month period of this study, a preliminary comparison was performed on the measures at RTS between those that did and did not sustain reinjury. No significant differences between these subject groups were observed for any of the outcome measures. Bottom Line: Despite supervised rehabilitation and RTS criteria, athletes who sustain an acute hamstring strain will likely have residual edema on MRI and deficits in isokinetic knee flexion strength at the time of RTS, which will resolve at some point during the subsequent 6 months.


We present Omnidirectional Neural Radiance Fields (OmniNeRF), the first method to the application of parallax-enabled novel panoramic view synthesis. Recent works for novel view synthesis focus on perspective images with limited field-of-view and require sufficient pictures captured in a specific condition. Conversely, OmniNeRF can generate panorama images for unknown viewpoints given a single equirectangular image as training data. To this end, we propose to augment the single RGB-D panorama by projecting back and forth between a 3D world and different 2D panoramic coordinates at different virtual camera positions. By doing so, we are able to optimize an Omnidirectional Neural Radiance Field with visible pixels collecting from omnidirectional viewing angles at a fixed center for the estimation of new viewing angles from varying camera positions. As a result, the proposed OmniNeRF achieves convincing renderings of novel panoramic views that exhibit the parallax effect. We showcase the effectiveness of each of our proposals on both synthetic and real-world datasets.


The crash of 1987 reflected panic selling by the retail public, foreigners, and institutions in response to overvaluation, an effort by the U.S. Congress to restrict merger activity, rising interest rates, and international policy squabbles. Portfolio insurance overwhelmed the specialists, who were unable to handle the large index trades in the Designated Order Turnaround system. The credit crisis on the second day reflected justifiable worries about brokers' credit. With valuation and other indicators back to the record levels of 1987, could the U.S. market suffer a repeat of October 1987?


We give a formula for the general solution of a d th-order linear difference equation with constant coefficients in terms of one of the solutions of its associated homogeneous equation. The formula neither uses the roots of the characteristic equation nor their multiplicities. It can be readily generalized to the case where the domain of the difference equation is the real numbers, and the initial values are given by a function defined on the interval 0,d ). In both cases, we express the general solution of the difference equation in terms of a single solution of its associated homogeneous equation at integer arguments.


A biometric identification system is an important part of the national identification infrastructure. Application of biometric identification technologies provides higher level of security for passports, visas and other identification documents, a better supervision opportunity against fraud in identification documents, an improvement of protection mechanisms for strategic and other locations, accuracy in identification processes, and a complex handling of personal information saved in several information resources. "State Program 2007-2012 on Biometric Identification System" approved by the order 1963 issued on 13. 02. 2007 by the President of Azerbaijan Republic has introduced scientific-theoretical and practical problems for academic society besides legislative, organizational, technical and economic problems regarding the national biometric identification scheme. One of the problems is the certification of biometric systems on the basis of international standards issued for various biometric technologies. Considering the problem, this work analyzes the methodological basis for certification of biometric systems. Biometric systems have been used in security systems for last 5-10 years. It is clear that, since biometric systems are new emerging technologies and there is not enough experience in the field, consumers should consider the problem of adequate evaluation of biometric systems and used technologies. In general, there are two directions in the evaluation of biometric technologies: • performance evaluation of biometric technologies; • security evaluation of biometric technologies. Performance evaluation not only measures the speed characteristics but also covers the evaluations of accuracy measures such as FAR (False Acceptance Rate), FRR (False Rejection Rate), ROC (Receiver Operating Characteristics), EER (Equal Error Rate), and FTE (Failure to Enroll) [1]. Standardization of performance evaluations (e.g. ISO/IEC 19795) are mainly undertaken by NIST and ISO. Standardization of security evaluation of biometric technologies has several directions in international and national standardization organizations. ISO/IEC 2nd CD 19792 and ANSI X9.84-2003 standards by ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC27 are examples. In the ISO/IEC CD 19792 international standard [2], the proposed methodology for security evaluation of biometric technologies cover the biometric components are determined and described in detail. In addition, biometric aspects used in evaluation process of biometric systems are determined as well as vulnerabilities of biometric technologies. As a result of the analysis of the proposed evaluation methodology it can be noted that performance evaluation of biometric technologies is based on this technology and the evaluation is performed in the security context. The second direction of the standardization activities of security evaluation of biometric systems is the application of common criteria in biometric technologies and development of evaluation methodologies as well as protection profiles. It is known that the main methodological base for security evaluation of information technologies (IT) is common criteria (CC). Common criteria suggests general requirements for evaluation of IT systems and devices. They are the functional and assurance requirements. Functional requirements are considered for security functions and mechanisms realizing them. Assurance requirements are considered for IT processes as well as its use and development.


There are many views about the anchoring mechanism of rock bolts,such as suspending action,assembled beam action,reinforcement action and so on.They all interpret the operation mechanism of rock bolt support taking the state of wall rocks and the tension of rock bolt bodies as the prerequisites.By contrast and analysis to these theories,it can be demonstrated that there exist malpractice because of interpreting its operation mechanism with rock bolts being main body;and it is pointed out that keeping rock mass structure as the centre of study is the direction of study for anchoring operation mechanism from the viewpoint of rock mass anchoring system.


PURPOSE: To obtain system and method for inspecting and monitoring an optical fiber used for a communication facility such as a public telephone circuit network. CONSTITUTION: The system for inspecting an optical fiber comprises a light source 40 for introducing a light at one end of optical fiber 14 or 12 under test, power sensors 42, 44, 46 for receiving a light from one end of the fiber under test, a reflector 58 or 54 provided at the other end of the fiber under test, and monitoring means 48, 60 operatively connected to the source and sensors. The monitoring means measures the baseline of optical power reflected by a reflector and subsequently measures the power reflected by the reflector, and compares the result of the subsequent measurement with the result of the baseline measurement to decide whether the power reflected by the reflector is changed or not. The baseline measurement and the subsequent measurement are conducted within one optical pulse from the source.


We propose a method for constructing of algorithm of smooth management by the hydraulic actuator based on the method of combining the maximum principle. Such management increases the accuracy and non-failure operation of operation of the device


In 1997, a forty-three years old woman was diagnosed with CML and treated with alfa-Interferon, achieving complete haematological response (CHR). Three years later, patient was switched to hydroxiurea due to thyroid toxicity. For logistic reasons, therapy with imatinib 400 mg/die was initiated only in 2003, obtaining complete cytogenetic response (CCyR) and suboptimal molecular response in twelve months. CCyR and CHR were then lost three years later. Doubling imatinib dose to 800 mg/die gave no positive results. Mutational analysis performed in September 2007 showed F317L point mutation of the Bcr-Abl kinase domain. In October 2007 dasatinib was started and in April 2008 CCyR was reached with suboptimal molecular response. In March 2009 Bcr-Abl transcript progressively increased, and in August 2009 cytogenetic analysis showed loss of CCyR. Therapy with nilotinib 800 mg/die was started, and in October 2009 the patient obtained complete molecular response (CMR). Bcr-Abl kinase-domain point mutations, acquired during first line therapy, are a common cause of resistance to tyrosine kinase inhibitors. While several Bcr-Abl mutations have been identified, involvement of codon 317 has been reported in the literature following treatment with imatinib and dasatinib.


In this paper, we estimate a production function for CPA firms to examine the effect of the Sarbanes-Oxley (SOX) Act on CPA firm fee productivity. Using annual survey data for 57 large CPA firms in the U.S. for the period from 2000 to 2005, we find that the fee productivity of CPA firms in transforming human resources into service revenues increases in the post-Act period. Consistent with our expectations and with the first year deadline for compliance of Section 404 of SOX, this increase in the fee productivity of CPA firms was particularly strong in 2004. The current evidence seems to suggest that SOX is value-enhancing for CPA firms.


We investigate whether differences in management explain variation in productivity and whether different labor market policies can impact the allocation of managerial effectiveness. Using data on the universe of students and school personnel in Chile, we establish three main findings. First, there is substantial variation in principals' ability to improve students' learning. Second, effective principals are recognized by the school community, decrease teachers' turnover, and obtain higher wages, especially in private schools. Third, despite relatively rigid wages, public schools can attract better principals by improving personnel selection.


The deformation failure mechanism of coal and the effect of initial cracks and closure on coal strength.The research results show that the process of coal failure can be divided into five stages,including damage degradation,quasi-linearity,damage steady evolution,damage accelerating evolution and post-peak softening.With closure of massive initial fractures and void structures in the Shenfu's coal,the strength and the elastic modulus of coal will be improved significantly.So,it's more reasonable to simulate the excavation process by using elastic modulus which has been improved.Acoording to the numerical simulation results,the reasonale thickness of supporting is chosen as 20-25 cm.


New data on the effect of technological modes (depth cutting, amf, longitudinal feed, fn; azimuthal feed, faz; cutting speed, Vr) and constructive factors (geometric and kinematic parameters of the tool) on cutting forces have been obtained. On this basis, semiempirical computational formulas Pz = f (amf, fn, faz, Vr) for the assignment of rational modes of processing by the method of rotational turning multifaceted cutter (RTMC) are proposed. The obtained numerical values of the cutting forces for PTMC (up to 900N) are much lower than for conventional turning (up to 4000N) at similar values of amf and fn.


Abstract The current-drive technique, using lower hybrid waves (LHWs) for radio-frequency heating, is of highest priority on EAST, and over 100 s steady-state long-pulse H-mode plasmas have been achieved recently. The suprathermal electrons driven by LHWs make the interpretation of electron cyclotron emission (ECE) spectrum complex. This paper presents the preliminary results of a synthetic diagnostic for interpreting the ECE measurement results in both ohmic and LHW-heated plasmas on EAST. The synthetic diagnostic is realized by using the simulation code SPECE. The agreement between the simulations and experimental results is fairly good for the ohmic cases. For the LHW case, the simulations don't agree well enough with the measurements.


Wome are neglected half in Indian society and women is always given secondary treatment. Hence, gender justice is a significant and challenging research area in the new world. Gender justice is based on social and economic environment credited through infrastructure economic provisions as well as opportunities give to women for development. Gendr justice is aimed to empower women not only throw microfinance and self help groups but also through the development of new schemes for women's all-round development in the various fields of national life, such as agriculture, industries and education. Analyzing programmes, strategies, interventions and policy initiatives from the perspective of their impact on status of women as reflected in important macro indicators like literacy, maternal mortality rate (MMR), participation in work force, e.g. analysis of substance and content of various interventions directed at health of women and correlate the same with indicators like MMR to establish need for corrective action in formulation of scheme/ approach. Gender Budgeting is a strategy for ensuring Gender Sensitive Resource Allocation and a tool for engendering macro economic policy, not a separate budget for women. In context of Gender Diagnosis a access to Resources POSITIVES Female life expectancy doubled from 31.7 years in 1951 to 60.9 years in 1994. Female life expectancy at birth surpassed that of man (59.7 years). Declining trends in IMR and CMR. Increase in female literacy rate Increase in female gross enrolment ratio. NEGATIVES Adverse sex ratio female IMR > male IMR female CMR> male CMR MMR as high as 540 per one lakh live births (NFHS-2) Around half of Indian women are illiterate (54.28 % in Census 2001). Female enrolment less than half, lagging much from 100 % target.


Once expected to be the signature contract of private participation in infrastructure and for a time its fastest growing form, the brownfield concession was hit hard by the Asian crisis and has never recov ered. Because these contracts involve existing, usually dilapidated government assets, brown field concessions tackled the toughest infrastructure problems in the developing world. But the Asian crisis exposed the fragility of this mechanism, and its sudden unpopularity almost single-handedly crashed the develop ing world market for private participation in infrastructure. Why was so much expected of brownfield concessions, and what happened to them? Why have they performed so poorly? And what market signals suggest that a recov ery in their use is now possible?


the polypeptide product of c-jun, and to specific DNA sequences and stimulates transcription of genes certain phorbol esters 12-O-tetradeca- noylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA). We studied the effects of TPA on the regulation of c-jun gene expression in HL-60 cells during monocytic differentiation. Low lev- els of c-jun transcripts were detectable in untreated HL-60 leukemic cells, increased significantly by 6 h, and reached near maximal levels by 24 h of exposure to 32 nM TPA. Similar kinetics of c-jun induction by TPA were observed in human U-937 and THP-1 mon- ocytic leukemia cells. Similar findings were obtained with bryostatin 1 (10 nM), another activator of protein kinase C and inducer of monocytic differentiation. Furthermore, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin (0.5 PM), a structurally distinct agent which also induces HL-60 monocytic differentiation, increased c-jun


We put forward a tree regularization, which empowers numerous tree models to do feature collection effectively. The type thought of the regularization system be to punish choosing another feature intended for split when its gain is like the features utilized in past splits. This paper utilized standard data set as unique discrete test data, and the entropy and information gain of each trait of the data was determined to actualize the classification of data. Boosted DT are between the most prominent learning systems being used nowadays. Likewise, this paper accomplished an optimized structure of the decision tree, which is streamlined for improving the efficiency of the algorithm on the reason of guaranteeing low error rate which was at a similar dimension as other classification algorithms


According to the experience of national undergraduate electronic design contest and mechanical innovation design competition,we discuss the concrete measures to promote students' practical ability from different aspects,such as the creative teaching idea,the construction of competition platform and student's direction in view of the improvement of students' practical ability.Practice shows that better competition performance and teaching effect was achieved.


A sense of self-inferiority in creation exists at various degrees among teenagers.This article analyzes how they fall into the psychological dilemma,misunderstand the relationship between creation and knowledge and fail to ask questions,and puts forward some corresponding countermeasures.


2483 Published By: Blue Eyes Intelligence Engineering & Sciences Publication Retrieval Number: E7539068519/19©BEIESP Abstract: Rash driving has become a trend in today's world. Speed limit violation has largely increased the rates of mishaps happening. The drivers are carelessly ignoring the road safety rules that cause a threat to the surrounding society by their rash driving. A reliable method to take care of this kind of ignorant behavior and to reduce the accident rate, is being introduced in this paper, which is done by monitoring the driver's driving style in their learning phase. This method intends to check the eligibility of the driver to gain a license by classifying them in groups of a SAFE or UNSAFE DRIVER which can help to filter harsh drivers to a large extend. To be eligible for the license the driver should pass the test by overcoming all the constraints set by the system. The introduced method targets in reducing the number of careless drivers which may naturally help with lowering the accidents caused by improper or harsh driving. It concludes with the discussions of the challenges, results and future works of the proposed technique.


Recently there has been a great deal of interest in the use of incentives to improve academic performance. The flurry of contracts between school systems and private firms, binding the latter to produce specified achievement gains in students in order to be paid for instructional services rendered (Education Turnkey Systems, 1970), has given rise to the notion that outside firms know something about causing students to learn that school personnel do not know. The recent stress on accountability in education (Lessinger, 1970) has also contributed to an interest in incentives. A corollary to accountability is that programs, personnel, or materials and equipment that do not contribute to desired student performance outcomes must face some kind of revision, possibly elimination, while those found effective should be appropriately rewarded (Hawkridge, 1970). Central to the emphasis on incentives is the belief that the new educational programs of the past decade have not produced impressive results and have especially failed the so called "deprived" student. Whereas this failure has produced pessimism in some circles, other educators have thought enough of the power of currently available techniques to venture their own capital on a guaranteed-performance-or-no-pay basis. An examination of these techniques usually reveals a heavy emphasis on technological innovations and "incentives" to learners. The purpose of the present paper is to summarize the research on the use of incentives to influence student performance. Demonstrated principles are identified and areas for further development are indicated. In an attempt to cover the entire range of possibilities for incentive manipulation, the paper focuses on theoretical rationales, types of incentive, target populations, modes of incentive delivery, timing of reinforcements, and criterion measures to assess incentive effectiveness.


Objective: To investigate the effect of Chinese medicine Modified Cangfu Daotan Wan(MCDW) on the expression of tumor necrosis factor alpha(TNF-α) and its receptor in rat model of polycystic ovary syndrome(PCOS),and to further explore its molecular therapeutic mechanism.Methods: Fifty female rats were randomized into 5 groups,blank control group,model group,positive control group,and high-,moderate-and low-dosage MCDW groups.Rats except for the blank control group were given the subcutaneous injection of testosterone propionate and human chorionic gonadotropin(HCG) for inducing PCOS.From day 1 to 14 after the modeling,positive control group was given intragastric administration of clomiphene suspension,high-,moderate-and low-dosage MCDW groups were given CDW at the dosage of 24,12 and 6g/kg 12 hours after the modeling,and the blank control group was given subcutaneous injection of same volume of normal saline at the nape and then given intragastric administration of same volume of normal saline.After treatment for 14 days,general morphology of rat ovary and follicular development were observed under light microscopy.Serum levels of testosterone(T),estradiol(E2),luteinizing hormone(LH) were determined by radioimmunoassay.Expression levels of TNF-α,TNF receptor-1(TNFR1),and TNF receptor-2(TNFR2) in ovarial tissues were determined by immunohistochemical method.Results: Body weight was decreased in MCDW groups,and the decrease was obvious in middle-dosage MCDW group(P0.05 compared with the blank control group).Serum hormone and TNF-α levels were improved in middle-and high-dosage CDW groups and positve control group,and the improvement was obvious in high-dosage MCDW group(P0.05).High-dosage MCDW decreased TNF-α,TNFR1 and TNFR2 protein expression level,and clomiphene decreased TNF-α and TNFR2 protein expression level(P0.05).Conclusion: MCDW shows significantly therapeutic efficacy on rat PCOS model induced by testosterone propionate and HCG,and its possible mechanism is related with the inhibition of inflammatory signals through regulating TNF-α,TNFR1 and TNFR2 protein expression level.


In Strapdown Inertial Navigation System(SDINS), error models based on previously proposed conversion equations between the attitude errors, are only valid in case the attitude errors are small. The SDINS error models have been independently studied according to the definition of the reference frame and of the attitude error. The conversion equations between the attitude errors applicable to SDINS with large attitude errors are newly derived. Lyapunov transformation matrices are also derived from the obtained results. Furthermore the general method, which is independent of the attitude error and the reference frame to derive SDINS error model, is proposed using the Lyapunov transformation.


Soyasapogenols were prepared by hydrolysis of soyasaponins and their inhibitory effect on proliferation and apoptosis of colon carcinoma cell was investigated.MTT assay was used to examine the proliferation of HT-29 cell,TUNEL method was used for analysis of cell apoptosis.The results showed that soyasaponins and soyasapogenols inhibited the proliferation and induced apoptosis of colon carcinoma cells in a time-and concentration-dependent manner,and sapogenols had a stronger anti-tumor activity than glucisides.It is suggested that soyasaponins could exert an anti-colon cancer effect via induction of apoptosis.


Spring oilseed rape (Brassica napus L. var. oleifera) is an important oilseed crop whose cultivation area has increased significantly in Estonia. It is predominantly autogamous but cross-pollination can have several positive effects, including higher seed yield. We studied the effect of fertilization with different foliar microfertilizers on the flower density and pollen and nectar production of spring oilseed rape as well as the impact of these factors on the abundance of flower visiting bees – honey bees, bumble bees and solitary bees. Field experiments were carried out in 2004 and 2005. The field consisted of 32 plots (10 m2 each): control plots (no mineral fertilizers used), plots fertilized with the complex fertilizer OptiCrop (NPK 21-08-12 + S + Mg + B + Ca) alone and plots treated with OptiCrop and one of the six foliar microfertilizers (Mn, S, Cu, B, Mg, Mo). There were four replicates of each treatment. Flower visiting bees were counted twice a week on sunny days. Flowers were counted at the same time on an area of 1 m2 on each plot. Nectar production by the flowers was measured in the field by inserting a 1 μl capillary into the corolla tube of flowers isolated for 24 h. Pollen grains were counted from previously isolated flowers after dissolving the flower tissues. The density of flower visiting bees (honey bees, bumble bees and solitary bees) on spring oilseed rape depended mainly on flower density. Fertilization increased not only the number of flowers but also the amount of nectar and pollen per flower. Additional foliar fertilization had no effect either on the number of flowers or the amount of pollen grains per flower. Nectar production per flower seemed to be inhibited by additional manganese. Therefore, to secure higher number of pollinators for achieving higher seed yield and other benefits deriving from crosspollination, spring oilseed rape should be given proper complex fertilization. Microfertilizers turned out to be useless in terms of increasing the number of pollinators.


Attention is thought to alter appearance by intensifying the sensory impression of the attended stimulus. Current debates are about how this increases might operate and what are the underlying neural mechanisms. Three mechanisms have been proposed to account the effect of attention: contrast gain, response gain and baseline shift. However, psychophysical and neuroimaging studies produced results that are not always consistent. We used the functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to explore how attention alters the appearance of coherently moving dots. The first experiment assessed coherence response functions for different levels of contrast. This experiment showed which kind of pattern should be expected with attention altering appearance by means of contrast gain mechanism. The results showed that contrast produced a leftward shift of the coherence response function. By our knowledge, this is the first fMRI evidence for the assumption that processing of motion coherence is susceptible to contrast gain. The second experiment assessed the effect of attention on coherence response function. The results showed that attention affects the BOLD response with the same strength for all coherence levels. This pattern of response is compatible with the predictions of the baseline shift model. Finally, in order to explain the discrepancy between psychophysical and neuroimaging results, we suggested a signal detection account for the effect of baseline shift on the perceptual level, proposing that baseline shift may produce a leftward shift of the psychometric function although sensitivity remains unchanged.


A network switching system comprising a crosspoint having a plurality of inputs and outputs for variable sized packets, a plurality of output queues/buffers respectively provided between the outputs of the crosspoint matrix and the outputs and a scheduler configured to schedule the packets across the crosspoint while ignoring any packet tails. Embodiments of the invention include the switch device is capable of operating in either a crosspoint mode for routing cells or packet, or a scheduler mode for controlling flow of cells and/or packets trough at least one other switch device and wherein the scheduler determines whether or not the packet is greater than a predetermined byte value.


In recent years, magnetic resonance (MR) imaging sequences have been developed that enabled visualization of the intracranial vessel walls. The measured vessel wall thickness potentially distinguishes between patient and control groups. Unfortunately, the spatial resolution of the used MR acquisitions thwarts reliable thickness measurements because for reliable measurements, walls need to span at least 2 voxels. This is not feasible because acquisition schemes commonly have voxel sizes between 0.5 and 0.8 mm, whereas vessel wall thicknesses of the larger arteries of the circle of Willis range between 0.3 and 0.5 mm. This results in an overestimation of the true vessel wall thickness, as demonstrated in a simulation and phantom study by Antiga et al. We aimed to quantify the accuracy and precision of vessel wall thickness measurements from clinically feasible MR images of postmortem circle of Willis specimens. The vessel wall thickness measured on clinically feasible (low resolution) images was compared with validated thickness measurements acquired on ultra high-resolution images. Both images were acquired on a 7T MR imaging scanner with an isotropic voxel size of 0.8/0.11 mm for the low/ultra highresolution images, respectively. Twelve postmortem circle of Willis specimens were imaged, and the vessel wall thickness was measured using a validated full-width-at-half-maximum method. A detailed description of the methods and results are available in the online-only Data Supplement. The imaging data are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request. Our results show that normal or slightly thickened walls cannot be measured reliably. The measured vessel wall thickness deviates considerably from the true thickness for walls thinner than 1.0 mm. From 0.2 to 1.0 mm, measurements on the low-resolution images were indistinguishable from each other (median thickness, 1.1 mm; interquartile range, 0.3 mm), confirming the simulations of Antiga et al with real imaging data. The relatively poor precision, given by the interquartile range, prevents potential post hoc corrections of the measured vessel wall thickness. Only walls thicker than 1 mm, for example, advanced plaques, could be measured accurately from the clinically feasible low-resolution images. The clinical application of the vessel wall thickness as a biomarker seems unfeasible given these results, as early wall thickening remains undetected. This will likely hold for other acquisitions with different voxel sizes, although the limit of detection might shift slightly. Although the ex vivo nature of this study might not directly translate to clinical in vivo measurements, the accuracy and precision of vessel wall thickness measurements was assessed in a best-case scenario. In vivo acquisitions are challenged by motion artifacts and blood flow pulsation, which will have an added detrimental effect on thickness measurements. Next to that, the point spread function of the used MR acquisition has a negative effect on the overall image resolution and thickness measurements as well. Our results, in accordance to the measurements by Antiga et al, pose a significant challenge to the MR community to further improve measurement accuracy. Currently, the signal-to-noise ratio and acquisition duration are major limitations for high-resolution acquisitions. Ongoing technological developments, including higher field strengths and compressed sensing, may allow for higher spatial resolutions in the future. Nonetheless, accurate measurements of the thinnest walls theoretically require a resolution of 0.15 mm isotropic. This resolution will likely remain unfeasible for a long period of time as the voxel volume and signal-to-noise ratio are an order of magnitude smaller than the currently highest resolution acquisitions. Alternatively, the use of image processing methods such as deep learning, which can learn relevant image features related to the vessel wall thickness, can be explored. In conclusion, the use of the vessel wall thickness as a biomarker for disease progression should be avoided for walls thinner than 1 mm, given current image resolutions. This ex vivo study confirms the severe overestimation of thickness measurements around and below the acquired voxel size. Additionally, we show that poor precision prohibits post hoc


Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to examine and critique current approaches of higher education (HE) community concerning stakeholder engagement in the development of information and communications technology (ICT) related accessibility practice.

Design/methodology/approach
The approach taken to this examination is to draw on presentations, panel discussions and World Café reflections from an international symposium held in Montreal where researchers and practitioners debated two key questions as follows: have all the relevant stakeholders really been identified? Are there some stakeholders that the HE community has ignored? And what factors influence successfully distributed ownership of the accessibility mission within HE institutions?

Findings
A number of "new" internal and external stakeholders are identified and it is argued that if they are to be successfully engaged, effort needs to be invested in addressing power imbalances and developing opportunities for successful strategic silo-crossing.

Originality/value
The value of this paper is in critiquing the argument that all stakeholders in the development of accessible ICT in HE need to be involved, identifying a gap in the argument with respect to whether all relevant stakeholders have actually been engaged and offering insights into this omission might be rectified.


Abstract Identical 13-year-old twin boys with Class II, division 2 malocclusions are treated at the same time, one with a full complement of teeth and the other with extraction of the first bicuspids. Presented at the Midwest Component of the Edward H. Angle Society, January, 1983.


Marine crustaceans are known as a group with high morphological diversity and great economic value. Most species have planktonic larval stages that are difficult to identify to species level using traditional approaches because of insufficient morphological diagnostic characters or taxonomic descriptions. We used DNA barcoding and molecular species identification to investigate the species diversity and distribution of crustacean larvae in the Zhongsha Islands waters, South China Sea. In total, 108 sequences were obtained from crustacean larvae collected in the Zhongsha Islands waters in 2019 using vertical hauls between the depths of 5 and 200 m. The molecular classification approach confirmed that 108 sequences represented crustaceans typical to the South China Sea, with 70 species identified, representing 43 genera, 23 families, and 4 orders. However, the cytochrome c oxidase subunit I gene sequences of only 27 species identified from the larval samples matched with available sequences taken from adults in GenBank. The comparison of K2P distances yielded a notable gap of 3.5–10.7% between intraspecific and interspecific distances across the sequence dataset. More than 80% of the crustacean larvae species belonged to the order Decapoda, and they displayed marked differences in their distributionsin the Zhongshan Islands waters. The orders Calanoida and Amphipoda were represented by the fewest species, which were recorded only at the edge of the Zhongsha Atoll.


A 1.3-kilobase cDNAclone (7A)coding for bovine galactosyltransferase (glycoprotein 4-3-galactosyltrans- ferase, EC 18.104.22.168) wasisolated fromaXgtll expression library byimmunological screening withmonospecific polyclo- nalantisera totheaffinity-purifie d bovine enzyme. Thenucle- otide sequence ofthis clone predicts anopenreading frame that starts atthe5'endoftheinsert andcodes forapolypeptide of 334amino acids withMr37,645. Based onaMrof57,000 for themembrane-bound enzyme this clone accounts forapprox- imately 61%ofthecoding sequence. Portions ofthepredicted aminoacid sequence matched thesixtryptic peptides isolated fromaffinity-purifie d bovine galactosyltransferase. Clone 7A hybridizes toa 4.8-kilobase bovine mRNA andidentifies multiple EcoRIrestriction fragments inbovine, murine, and humanDNA.


A core-shell structure of Ag-Cr dual cocatalyst loaded-Ga2O3 was found to significantly enhance the formation rate of CO and selectivity toward CO evolution for the photocatalytic conversion of CO2 where H2O is used as an electron donor.

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Background: A tourniquet is commonly used to achieve bloodless field in surgery of the extremities. However, use of tourniquet occasionally has been associated with intraoperative hypertension, but the mechanism of this tourniquet-induced hypertension is unknown. We investigated the effect of preoperative ketamine on tourniquet-induced changes of arterial blood pressure (BP), heart rate (HR), cardiac index (CI), and systemic vascular resistance index (SVRI). Methods: Twenty-two patients of ASA physical status class 1 and 2, scheduled for lower extremity surgery using a tourniquet, were randomly assigned into two groups. Anesthesia was maintained with 1.5-2.0 vol% enflurane and 50%in with endotracheal intubation. The changes of BP, HR, CI, and SVRI were measured (1) at 10 minutes after induction, (2) at 10 minutes after injection of normal saline (control group) or ketamine 0.25 mg/kg, i.v. (ketamine group) before skin incision and tourniquet inflation, (3) at immediately and 5, 10, 15, 20, 30, and 40 minutes after inflation of tourniquet, and (4) immediately after deflation of tourniquet. Results: During tourniquet inflation, BP and HR were not significantly changed in each group and there was no significant differences between the two groups. However, CI decreased during inflation of the tourniquet in both groups, and it significantly decreased in the control group at the time of 5 and 40 minutes after inflation of tourniquet. SVRI significantly increased during inflation of the tourniquet, and decreased immediately after deflation of the tourniquet in the control group. Conclusions: We concluded that preoperative IV ketamine, 0.25 mg/kg can prevent tourniquet-induced hemodynamic changes in patients under general anesthesia.


Cooperative relaying is adopted as a possible candidate to address network coverage and capacity limitations in 4G cellular networks. In this paper we investigate the offline problem of associating mobile stations to telecommunication nodes in a cooperative relay network. We propose a heuristic algorithm to determine how mobile stations should associate to the base station or relay nodes so that overall resource consumption is minimized and compare it against two other conventional algorithms. Simulation results show that the proposed mobile association scheme outperforms the conventional schemes in a heterogeneous environment.


We illustrate an approach based on itinerant magnetism for finding ferromagnetic semiconductors that can be gate tuned to study quantum critical points. We show that $p$-type ${\mathrm{FeAs}}_{2}$ is an example. The complex nonparabolic band structure of this material leads to a ferromagnetic instability when doped, while at the same time allowing for a modest transport effective mass. This leads to an analogy between magnetic semiconductors and thermoelectric materials.


At the outbreak of the Second World War, all cinemas in Britain were closed. Ten days later, they were opened again as a valuable way of boosting morale and a principal source of recreation for the nation at war. Feature films were not just escapist entertainment; they provided instruction and information, and over the next six years, some 300 feature films and thousands of short films and news reels were produced in what is now seen as British cinema's 'finest hour'. "Britain Can Take It" charts this momentous period through the eyes of thirteen key films. Aldgate and Richards make use of key resources, from scripts and box-office returns to official Home Office documents and censorship archives, to bring these films to vivid life. In telling their stories, the authors also recreate the society, the politics and war-time conditions in which they appeared and flourished. This new edition of "Britain Can Take It" features a new chapter on Launder and Gilliat's 1943 film on women factory workers, "Millions Like Us". It will be welcomed back by film scholars and historians, students and film lovers as essential reading.


Territorial disputes in the South China Sea can be seen as one of the most complex issues among states in the contemporary world due to the involvement of many parties. However, despite the presence of peaceful conflict resolutions, which are regulated under international law, the positive result is still miles apart. This article examines why the Vietnamese Government does not choose to bring the dispute to the International Court of Justice (ICJ), which is regarded as a legal action to solve the conflict between the two countries, as the Philippines did. Instead, remedies such as dialogue and media take precedence over all others. In the end, the settlement for both countries, based on the model of Peter Wallensteen in the South China Sea, is also discussed. The author approaches the South China Sea dispute between Vietnam and China from realism and neo-liberalism's perspective and will collect the primary data from legal sources, official statements and secondary data in an effort to examine the strategic decisions of the Vietnamese Government toward China concerning the territorial dispute. The paper's finding reveals that legal action is less likely to be used by the Vietnamese Government to tackle conflict in the South China Sea due to the limitations of international law, the asymmetrical and interdependent Vietnam - Sino relations throughout history, and the strategic foreign policy of Vietnamese Government towards China. There is a tendency that the Vietnam Government will keep negotiating with China by using peaceful resolutions such as dialogue and media. At the same time, the Vietnam Government will draw attention from international communities against China's assertiveness for not complying with international law as well as strengthen external defense with other powers. Using the international court will be the last resort in solving the territorial conflict between Vietnam and China.  Article visualizations:


A novel coplanar waveguide (CPW) and coupled structure with a cylindrical conductor as the shielding are proposed. Simple analytic formulas for the capacitance per unit length and characteristic impedance of the structure are derived using the conformal mapping technique. The numerical results are in good agreement with those obtained by other authors. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 30: 49–51, 2001.


Methods: The presented pilot study exploited a mixed methods approach, including: a literature review to create an indicator framework, self-administered questionnaires submitted to expert nurses, consensus meetings to elaborate the integration program and a final control group comparison. NCAT was before tested in a Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, later we retested NCAT in a pediatric unit with a semi–intensive area.


The present paper reports the first case of leucism in the spadenose shark, Scoliodon laticaudus from India. This report is based on the study of a single specimen of S. laticaudus caught by a commercial trawler off Mangalore coast. Photographs were taken and measurements recorded using vernier calipers. Partial reduction in pigmentation and no other morphometric differences were seen between the specimen studied and other normal spadenose sharks. Conclusion of leucism in the specimen was done based on the partial lack of integumentary pigments and normal eye colour.


We report measurements of birefringence correlation length performed on long single-mode telecommunication fibers. The proposed technique is based on a polarization sensitive backscattering analysis. Results are consistent with standard differential group delay measurement.


Rates of illicit substance use (ISU) in New Zealand are current-ly amongst the highest in the world, 1 and ISU generates a national disease burden of 9,700 disability-adjusted life years per annum. 2 I propose decriminalisation of personal possession and use of all substances as an appropriate policy change for reducing harm. This is a position supported by the New Zealand Drug Foundation, 3 the Drug Policy Alliance, 4 and the World Health Organisation. 5 My suggested legislative changes involve repealing and replacing the Misuse of Drugs Act 1975, in particular Section 7 (which criminalises personal possession and use of illicit substances) and Section 13 (which criminalises possession of utensils associated with ISU). 6 I additionally support the cautioning and brief intervention referral scheme recommended by the Law Commission in 2011, as part of an overall move towards treating ISU as a health issue rather than a criminal justice issue. 7 Evidence shows that criminalisation of personal possession and use of substances is ineffective at reducing substance use, 8–10 as it does not have a significant effect on substance supply or demand. 7 Furthermore, criminalisation causes health harms to already vulnerable populations, as it leads to social exclusion, 7 and it creates stigma which deters substance users from help-seeking. 11 Decriminalisation also al-lows for resources to be diverted from criminal justice to healthcare, which may be more effective at reducing harm. 4 Criminalisation also exacerbates existing inequities, particularly with respect to Māori, through uneven law enforcement. 7,12 Decriminalisation of personal possession and use of substances is an effective and evidence-based harm reduction intervention.


Rare earth mineralization, in the form of xenotime and monazite, occurs along tear faults at an unidentified locality in the Precambrian terrane of European part U. S. S. R. The petrographic and geologic relationships of the last rocks appear to reflect Mg-Fe metasomatism followed by metasomatisrn. The rare earth mineralization appears to have accompanied the K metasomatism. Chemical analyses are presented for one xenotime and two monazites; emission and X-ray spectroscopic analyses are presented for the xenotime. — R.V. Dietrich.


Low-cost maltodextrins can be combined with polyethylene glycol (PEG) to form aqueous two-phase systems which are useful for protein separations. The physical characteristics of the maltodextrin/PEG two-phase systems are described in this paper along with their application towards the purification of yeast alcohol dehydrogenase


A high-quality quantum dot (QD) fabrication technique with precisely-controllable physical (size, position, and density) and electronics properties (energy levels, emission spectrum) is proposed. The fabrication technology employs in situ or ex situ etching of after-growing multi-quantum-well QCL structures followed by the regrowth of properly p-doped AlGaAs large band-gap materials. The heterostructure formed at the sidewall interface together with build-in electric fleld allows us to achieve nanometer-scale carrier conflnement in the etched QDs and thus reduces the non-radiative recombination rate. In this paper, the fabrication method for high- quality QDs is presented. The photoluminescence (PL) enhancement by the nanometer-scale carrier conflnement technology is calculated. Expected performance enhancement is simulated.


We consider continuous Petri nets that are used to model high throughput systems and flow systems. More advanced, continuous marked graphs are well adapted to model cyclic systems in a compact form. Nevertheless, to evaluate performances of continuous models, it is still necessary to study the evolution graph of the model. However, the determination of all the occurred events can be long and tedious. Therefore, this paper presents a new algebraic method based on the graph theory to determine the final marking vector.


The criminal offences to which consent may act as a defence fall into three distinct groups: those against property, sexual offences against the person and non-sexual offences against the person. This article posits a counterpoint to calls for a consistent application of the defence across the various offences to which it may apply, exploring the role of consent as it applies as a defence to violent criminal assaults, and particularly those committed during sport. It further examines the way in which the civil courts have approached consent in largely similar contexts, when assessing claims in negligence arising from personal injury caused by violence in the sporting arena, and juxtaposes and compares the civil and criminal approaches. Sport can provide problematic and anomalous situations with regard to the law, and it is submitted that this is better acknowledged in the civil law, where the courts have more readily considered revisions to substantive legal principles.


Let (Y, g) denote a compact, oriented Riemann 3-manifold without boundary. Denote by π : X → Y a principal S1-bundle over Y , and by Z → Y the associated 2-disk bundle. Set c := c1(Z) ∈ H(Y,Z). Denote by tZ ∈ H2(Z, X;Z) the Thom class of Z → Y , by j the inclusion X ↪→ Z and by ζ : Y ↪→ Z the natural inclusion. Using the Thom isomorphism H•(Z) ∪tZ −→ H•+2(Z,X;Z), c = ζ∗tZ , and the long exact cohomological sequence of the pair (Z, X) we obtain the Gysin sequence · · · π! −→ Hk−2(Y,Z) ∪c −→ H(Y,Z) π∗ −→ H(X,Z) π! −→ Hk−1(Y,Z) ∪c −→ · · ·