Introduction: The aim of the current research was to design and fit the structural pattern of casual relationships between the psychological empowerment of organizational culture with work motivation, job engagement, and innovative behaviors. Method: This was a cross-sectional descriptive study. The participants in this study included 226 employees of an industrial company who were selected through multi-stage random sampling. five questionnaires, including Organizational Culture Survey, Psychological Empowerment, Job Engagement, Work Motivation, and Innovative Behaviour, were used. A confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modeling through AMOS-16 software were used for data analysis. Results: The structural equation modeling analysis supported model fitting to the data. The results showed that the organizational culture was positively and indirectly related to work motivation, job engagement, and innovative behaviors through psychological empowerment. Conclusion: It is recommended that managers support a culture where teamwork is encouraged, information is distributed fairly, decision-making is shared, communication is open, rewards fit functions and meetings are effective in order to empower employees. Such a culture will increase innovative behaviors, work motivation, and engagement.


2015 Revealing humans' sensorimotor functions with electrical cortical stimulation. One contribution of 15 to a theme issue 'Controlling brain activity to alter perception, behaviour and society'. Direct electrical stimulation (DES) of the human brain has been used by neurosurgeons for almost a century. Although this procedure serves only clinical purposes, it generates data that have a great scientific interest. Had DES not been employed, our comprehension of the organization of the sensorimotor systems involved in movement execution, language production, the emergence of action intentionality or the subjective feeling of movement awareness would have been greatly undermined. This does not mean, of course, that DES is a gold standard devoid of limitations and that other approaches are not of primary importance, including electrophysiology, modelling, neuroimaging or psychophysics in patients and healthy subjects. Rather, this indicates that the contribution of DES cannot be restricted, in humans, to the ubiquitous concepts of homunculus and somatotopy. DES is a fundamental tool in our attempt to understand the human brain because it represents a unique method for mapping sensorimotor pathways and interfering with the functioning of localized neural populations during the performance of well-defined behavioural tasks. 1. Electrical stimulation: a unique approach for probing brain functions One of the most important discoveries in modern neuroscience can indisputably be attributed to Luigi Galvani, who showed that electrical stimulation of the sciatic nerve in a severed frog leg caused the attached muscle to contract [1]. This finding sparked a flurry of research activity that has persisted up to the present. In animals, the first systematic use of direct electrical stimulation (DES) was conducted by Gustav Fritsch and Eduard Hitzig in Germany [2] and David Ferrier in England [3]. These authors showed that stimulating the cerebral cortex of dogs and monkeys evoked topographically organized muscle contractions in the contralateral hemibody [4]. They also established that lesions of the regions from which a movement was evoked caused a deficit in the realization of this movement and even, sometimes, a total paralysis. In the following years, DES was progressively generalized to human patients with various levels of success and ethical concerns [5]. However, this technique only reached its apogee in the 1930s with the well-known work of Wilder Penfield [6]. Since then, the approach has remained roughly unchanged, beyond minor technical and procedural adaptations [7,8]. Of course, in humans, the unique raison d'e ˆtre of DES is (and has to …


Superoxide dismutase(SOD) is an important free radical scavenger,which could scavenge excessive O2 in vivo.Diethyldithiocarbamate(DDC) has been used extensively as an inhibitor of Cu,Zn-SOD.In order to probe into the mechanism of SO2 on cardiovascular system,the enhancing effects of DDC on increasing INa of Na+ channels by sulfur dioxide derivatives in the ventricular myocytes were studied using the whole cell patch-clamp technique.The results showed that SO2 derivatives had no significant effect on SOD activity,but the addition of DDC to the SO2 derivatives-containing medium led to significant inhibition of SOD.DDC increased sodium current(INa) in a concentration-dependent manner,the concentration of DDC for half-maximum increase was(19.85±0.95) mmol/L.10 μmol/L SO2 derivatives and 20 mmol/L DDC significantly shifted voltage-dependent activation curve of INa toward the more negative potential and steady-state inactivation curve to more positive potentials.These results indicated DDC could enhance the effects of increasing INa of Na+ channels by SO2 derivatives,and suggested that the toxicity of SO2 derivatives on ventricular myocytes of rat was induced by free radical especially O2.


In this short review, focus has been on the improvisations in the synthetic procedures of the Calix[4] pyrrole type compounds, since their first discovery in the year 1886 and subsequent discussion on their binding pattern towards different chemical species. Calix[4] pyrrole, which is an analogue of hetero calixarenes, is the representative of a group of macrocycles. It has an ability to bind neutral and anionic species. The selectivity towards guest species emerges from the energetics and conformational features of this compound. Different structural modifications and fuctionalizations have been incorporated in the parent Calix[4] pyrrole moiety in order to achieve better selectivity.


In this study, we implemented the type II seesaw mechanism into the framework of the gauge model. To achieve this, we added a scalar triplet, , to the canonical particle content of the gauge model. By imposing that the gauge symmetry be spontaneously broken at TeV scale, we show that the type II seesaw mechanism is realized at an intermediate energy scale, more precisely, at approximately GeV. To prevent heavy right-handed neutrinos from disturbing the mechanism, we evoke a discrete symmetry. Interestingly, as a result, we have standard neutrinos with mass around eV scale and right-handed neutrinos with mass in TeV scale, with the lightest one fulfilling the condition of dark matter. We developed all of these in this study. In addition, we show that the neutral component of may perform unproblematic non-minimal inflation with loss of unitarity.


Two experiments were conducted to investigate the mechanisms which underlie the learning in consistently mapped (CM) memory search. In Experiment 1, old and young adults were trained in both CM and variably mapped (VM) category search. The training results replicate previous findings by Fisk and Rogers (1991). Even though older adults are initially at a disadvantage relative to young adults, the comparison times of young and old adults are near zero after CM training. For VM, older adults remain at a disadvantage relative to younger adults, even after extensive training. A full reversal manipulation was implemented in Experiment 2 to investigate the learning in memory search. Initially, the young subjects were less affected by the full reversal condition compared to the performance of the older adults. However, older subjects quickly recovered and both young and old were performing at trained CM levels within 60 trials of additional practice. These results suggest: (a) attention is not being trained in CM memory search; (b) automatic category activation does not contribute much, if at all, to the performance improvement in memory search; and (c) age-invariant learning mechanisms account for performance improvement in CM memory search.


Recent progress in the development of edge‐emitting and surface‐emitting photonic‐crystal distributed‐feedback lasers is reviewed. For an edge‐emitting device with a mid‐IR "w" active region, the beam quality is no worse than 8 times the diffraction limit for stripes as wide as 600 μm.


Examiners were directed to score three essays differing in quality and were told that the essays were written by LD or normal students. Half of the examiners received a brief introduction to the scoring procedures; the other half received more intensive training. Labeling effects were successfully attenuated by providing additional training.


In acid media, the corrosion inhibition offered by ethanol amines, benzoic acids, acetylinic alcohols for iron and nickel was investigated. These molecules absorbed on the metal surface and offered inhibition. A correlation between inhibition and electronic configuration of the molecules was attempted. In benzoic acids, the anchoring group is the benzene ring and the electron delocalization in the aromatic ring played a crucial role in the surface chelate formation. In the case of amines, the inhibition takes place due to absorption via lone pair of electrons on the nitrogen atoms. Acetylinic alcohols offered inhibition by accepting electrons from the vacant 'd' orbitals of the transition metals. On prolonged exposure in acid medium they form thick polymeric film on the metals thus offering inter-phase inhibition


Strain Gradient Solutions of Eshelby-Type Problems for Polygonal and Polyhedral Inclusions. (December 2011) Mengqi Liu, B.Eng., Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China; M.S., Southern Methodist University Chair of Advisory Committee: Dr. Xin-Lin Gao The Eshelby-type problems of an arbitrary-shape polygonal or polyhedral inclusion embedded in an infinite homogeneous isotropic elastic material are analytically solved using a simplified strain gradient elasticity theory (SSGET) that contains a material length scale parameter. The Eshelby tensors for a plane strain inclusion with an arbitrary polygonal cross section and for an arbitrary-shape polyhedral inclusion are analytically derived in general forms in terms of three potential functions. These potential functions, as area integrals over the polygonal cross section and volume integrals over the polyhedral inclusion, are evaluated. For the polygonal inclusion problem, the three area integrals are first transformed to three line integrals using the Green's theorem, which are then evaluated analytically by direct integration. In the polyhedral inclusion case, each of the three volume integrals is first transformed to a surface integral by applying the divergence theorem, which is then transformed to a contour (line) integral based on Stokes' theorem and using an inverse approach. In addition, the Eshelby tensor for an anti-plane strain inclusion with an arbitrary polygonal


Strained yoghurts were produced by straining of set type yoghurt in the cotton bag (dimension 33x36 cm) that contains 15 x 22 fibre/cm 2 for 12 h. The average chemical composition of strained yoghurt was determined as follows: 26.39% total solids, 11.49% fat, 10.67% protein, 77.20 acidity (°SH), 3.67 pH, 0.82% ash, 3.36% lactose, 481.38ppm, Na 1487.17 ppm K 1525.54 ppm, Ca 2145.03 ppm , P, 0.337 ppm thiamine and 1.95 ppm riboflavin. In the amino acid analysis glutamic acid was found to be the highest (16,42 mg/g) and proline the lowest (0.39 mg/g). During the straining process especially water-soluble nutrients such as minerals and lactose were removed, but the nutrients ratio has not changed due to concentration. Moreover, especially fat and protein contents increased significantly concerning both, ratio and amount.


The object of this research is know the impact of organizational citizenship behaviour (OCB) on nurse loyality and job satisfaction as a mediating variable (study of the Harapan Bunda Hospitas Banda Aceh). In this study the data used are primary data,while the population in this research is all nurses who working at Harapan Bunda Hospital were 157 people. Where sampling in this study is Hierarchical Regression Linear. Where the result showed that OCB has significantly effect on nurses loyality, OCB has significantly, effect on job satisfaction, and job satisfaction has a significantly effet on nurses loyality, based on the result of mediating analysis, job satisfaction has mediate partally the effect OCB on nurse loyalty


The children exploitation that occurs within the scope of Islamic boarding schools is increasing and it is required for strict supervision from the government to take preventive measures against this crime even though the implementation of Islamic boarding schools that regulated in Law of the Republic Indonesia No. 18/2019 concerning Islamic Boarding Schools. The aims of this research is divided into two types, to examine the effectiveness of positive law in Indonesia in law enforcement cases of crimes against children as victims and examine the legal sanctions from the actions of educators who exploit children in the Islamic boarding school environment; also, to fulfillment of academic requirements of researcher to complete the task of child criminal course at the Postgraduate of Law Faculty in Narotama University Surabaya and add theoretical and practical knowledge in legal science, especially in criminal law. The method used is juridical-normative method combined with conceptual, statutory and case approach. The source data of this research consist of primary, secondary, and tertiary legal materials. In addition, the data collection used library research. The criminal sanctions for perpetrators of child exploitation in Islamic boarding schools are regulated in the Child Protection Law in Article 761 and Article 88 which the perpetrator is threatened with a maximum imprisonment of 10 years and a maximum fine of IDR 200,000,000,- and the child as a victim can apply for restitution rights or compensation based on Government Regulation No. 43/2017 concerning the Implementation of Restitution for children who are victims of criminal acts.


The globalization of fish and fishery products markets combined with the increase of consumer demand lead to a huge variety of non-endemic fish species in the marketplace. This might raise concerns about the inability of fish inspectors to distinguish fish species with similar morphological characteristics, particularly when they are processed and sold as fillets or slices in the country of origin, and to detect fish substitution, a practice where high value species are mislabeled and/or substituted in whole or in part with low value, species or products with potential toxins. Several biochemical methods have been developed in order to identify fish species. The isoelectric focusing (IEF) of the water soluble sarcoplasmic proteins proved to be suitable, fast and reliable. A project funded by the Italian Agricultural Ministry aimed at identifying fish species with IEF has recently been concluded. The results demonstrated the suitability of the method in identifying most of the commercial fish species. The database developed contains the patterns of more than 250 fish species, and the software is able to compare the IEF patterns and identify unknown species. In the present paper we show the application of the IEF method to semicooked products in order to demonstrate the usefulness of the method also in the identification of species used in breaded fish products (breaded fish fingers and fillets). The importance and advantages of using the IEF technique in the African fish industry exporting to Europe in the context of self-control and certification program are also highligthed.


In order to solve the problem that the existing food-grade inert dusts have large difference in the insecticidal effect at different ambient temperatures,we performed a test on the death time of the adults of three kinds of stored-grain insects,such as Rhizopertha dominica(Fabricius),Cryptolestes ferrugineus(Stephens) and Oryzaephilus surinamensis(Linne),using the food-grade inert dust with a dose of 0.2 g/m2 by residual film method at a laboratory temperature of 20,25,30 and 35 ℃,respectively.The results showed that,as the ambient temperature rose,the death time of the three kinds of stored-grain insects was shortened significantly;the average death time of the adults at 20 ℃ was 2 to 4 times that at 35 ℃;the average death time of the adults of three kinds of stored-grain insects at 35 ℃ reached the minimum value,and respectively were 40 hours for Rhizopertha dominica,18 hours for Oryzaephilus surinamensis and 6 hours for Cryptolestes ferrugineus;and Rhizopertha dominica,Oryzaephilus surinamensis and Cryptolestes ferrugineus could be killed in 179,38 and 20 hours at 20 ℃,respectively.


Deepens understandings of key issues about multiculturalism in music education. Covers a broad range of the world's musics: Japanese, Native American, Australian Aborigine, South African, Hispanic, African-American, Israeli, Hawaiian, Amazon Indian, Tennessee Mountain, and more. Based on a Northwestern University Music Education Leadership Seminar.


Previous research has indicated that dreams are often shared, most frequently within the intimate social networks of the dreamers. The present online survey was completed by 1808 participants (1110 women, 698 men) with a mean age 45.64 ± 15.33 years. About 24% of the participants reported that they had dealt with dreams within professional contexts, and about 50% of the participants reporting that they know at least one person who is regularly engaged in dream topics. Overall, the findings indicate that most dream sharing takes place in private settings, e.g., partnerships, but this study is the first to show that at least some of the dream sharing also occurs within professional contexts. To expand the findings of this exploratory study it would be interesting to investigate the nature and context of dream sharing within professional contexts more deeply.


An adhesive composition comprising: (i) a one part curable epoxy adhesive and (ii) a low profile additive (LPA), the low profile additive being a polymer that is compatible with the epoxy adhesive such that it forms a single phase when admixed with the adhesive composition and that separates from the adhesive to form a network of stress-absorbing nodules therein when the adhesive is cured, the low profile additive being present in an amount sufficient to prevent or reduce shrinkage and/or the formation of voids or cracks when the adhesive is cured.; In one embodiment the LPA is a block copolymer including at least one flexible block and at least one rigid block that makes the low profile additive compatible with the epoxy adhesive such that a mixture of the uncured epoxy resin and the low profile additive forms a homogenous solution and as the epoxy resin is cured, the low profile additive forms a stress absorbing network of nodules in the cured epoxy resin matrix.


Implementing efficient communication protocols is an important task in building distributed systems, but is complicated by the difficulties of dealing with complex multi-thread interactions and timing-related bugs. The paper describes Cicero, a set of language constructs designed to alleviate these difficulties. Cicero uses the notion of event patterns (C. V Ravishankar and R. Finkel, 1989) to help programmers build robust protocol implementations. Event patterns provide structure for controlling synchrony, asynchrony, and concurrency in protocol execution, and also allow implementers to exploit parallelism of varying grains. Event patterns can be translated into other formal models, so that existing verification techniques may be used. Our prototype implementation indicates that the total overhead imposed by event patterns accounts for less than 5% of the overall latency for protocols above the transport layer on single-processor implementations.<<ETX>>


Utilisation of food industry by-products in senegalese sole (Solea senegalensis) diets: effects on growth and nutrient utilisation. 17. International Symposium on Fish Nutrition and Feeding ISFNF


Throughout this paper, C will denote the complex plane, C—C\J {oo} the number sphere, and D= {z: \z\ PSL(2, C) and a locally univalent holomorphic Mequivariant map (the developing map)f: D-*C> so that foy=M(y)of for all γ G Γ (see [2, ch.9)]). Let M(Y) denote the image of Γ by M. The kernel of a projective structure means ker(M), and a projective structure is called faithful if its kernel is trivial. Two projective structures (M^/i) and (M2,/2) are said to be equivalent if and only if there is a £GPSL(2, C) SO that fi=g°f2 (and hence M1=^gM2g~ ). It is well known that the space of equivalence classes of projective structures is in one-to-one correspondence with the affine space of holomorphic quadratic differentials on i?, Q(i?). We choose an origin in the space of quadratic differentials by fixing an equivalence class of projective structures. In this case the Fuchsian equivalence class will be denoted by OeQ(i?), making Q(R) a vector space. Now the mapping from equivalence classes of projective structures to quadratic differentials is readily expressed: P=(M,f) corresponds to the quadratic differential Sf^ Q(R), where Sf is the Schwarzian derivative of /: J9-»C. This indeed determines a map from the equivalence classes of projective structures to Q(R)) for any ^ePSL(2, C), Sgof=Sfy implying that equivalent projective structures correspond to the same quadratic differential. This map is actually a bijection (see either [2, ch.9] or [4, §11.3]), and we will identify equivalent projective structures and use the identification with Q(R) implicitly. Thus PQ means a representative of the equivalence class of projectivje structures corresponding to Q G


The capacity of IL-12 to stimulate T and NK cell production of IFN-γ is required for resistance to Toxoplasma gondii. To identify the transcription factors involved in this mechanism of resistance, mice deficient in STAT4, a protein involved in IL-12 signaling, were infected with T. gondii and their immune responses were analyzed. STAT4−/− mice were unable to control parasite replication and died during the acute phase of infection, whereas wild-type mice controlled parasite replication and survived this challenge. The susceptibility of STAT4−/− mice to toxoplasmosis correlated with a defect in their ability to produce IFN-γ in response to infection, whereas administration of IFN-γ to these mice inhibited parasite replication and delayed time to death. Interestingly, analysis of infected STAT4−/− mice revealed that these mice did produce low levels of IFN-γ during infection, and the ability of splenocytes from infected or uninfected STAT4−/− mice to produce IFN-γ was enhanced by the addition of IL-2 plus IL-18. Moreover, administration of IL-2 plus IL-18 to STAT4−/− mice resulted in elevated serum levels of IFN-γ associated with a decreased parasite burden and delayed time to death. In vivo depletion studies demonstrated that the ability of IL-2 plus IL-18 to mediate STAT4-independent resistance to T. gondii is dependent on NK cell production of IFN-γ. Together, these studies identify STAT4 as an important transcription factor required for development of the innate NK and adaptive T cell responses necessary for resistance to T. gondii. However, other signaling pathways can be used to bypass STAT4-dependent production of IFN-γ and enhance innate resistance to T. gondii.


Neural networks are a prominent tool for identifying and modeling complex patterns, which are otherwise hard to detect and analyze. While machine learning and neural networks have been finding applications across many areas of science and technology, their use in decoding ultrafast dynamics of quantum systems driven by strong laser fields has been limited so far. Here we use deep neural networks to analyze simulated noisy spectra of highly nonlinear optical response of a 2-dimensional gapped graphene crystal to intense few-cycle laser pulses. We show that a computationally simple 1-dimensional system provides a useful"nursery school"for our neural network, allowing it to be easily retrained to treat more complex systems, recovering the band structure and spectral phases of the incident few-cycle pulse with high accuracy, in spite of significant amplitude noise and phase jitter. Our results both offer a new tool for attosecond spectroscopy of quantum dynamics in solids and also open a route to developing all-solid-state devices for complete characterization of few-cycle pulses, including their nonlinear chirp and the carrier envelope phase.


Objective:To decide the kinematics of the intercarpal joints as the wrist joint moving.Methods:Wrist joints of 10 healthy volunteers were CT scanned,and three-dimensionally reconstructed by surgery operation simulation system developed by Dr lijing.The centroids and inertial rotatory axises of scaphoid and lunatum were calculated out by this system,and coordinates were founded in the capitatum to express the rotation and translation of the scaphoid and lunatum relative to the capitatum with finite screw axises.Results:When the ulnar deviantion of the wrist joint was 40°,the scaphoid extention would be(19.2± 10.3)° relative to capitate,the radial deviation(19.3±6.2)°,the lunar extention(27.8±11.6)°,and the radial deviation(14.0±4.8)°;when the radial deviation of the wrist joint was 20°,the scaphoid flection(12.2±6.4)°,the ulnar deviation(15.0±3.8)°,the lunare flection(9.9±3.9)°,and the ulnar deviation(15.3±3.9)°;when the wrist joint flection was 60°,the scaphoid extention(32.6±5.2)°,and the lunar extention(41.5±6.9)°;when the wrist joint extention was 60°,the scaphoid flection(7.9±3.9)°.Conclusions:While the wrist joint is processing radial-ulnar deviation,there appears out-of-plane motion of the scaphoid and lunatum besides the radial-ulnar deviation;while flexing and extending,in addition to some slight out-of-plane motion,the main motion of the scaphoid and lunate are extension and flexion,and the lunate moves more than the scaphoid.The scaphoid acting as the bridge between distal and proximal row of carpal bones follows the distal row of carpal bones,which differs from the slight movements of the distal row of carpal bones.


Image edge extraction and recognition has great significance to measurement accuracy of various workpieces and parts. In order to solve the distortion problem caused by camera shooting, calculate the internal and external parameter distortion coefficients of the camera for the given three dot array images through MATLAB, and then establish an appropriate mathematical model to analyze the mapping relationship between the pixel distance and the actual distance, so as to calculate that the total length of the image edge contour in Annex 2 is 460.447mm. In order to automatically segment the edge contour with straight line segment, arc segment and elliptical arc segment, this paper uses the Ramer Douglas Peucker algorithm to establish the mathematical model, and uses Halcon software to calculate and verify the effectiveness of the model. Finally, the length of each segment of the two edge contours is calculated, as shown in Annex 2.


An integrated form of the basic solar collector heat balance equations is derived which permits use of average temperature and insolation data to determine seasonal performance when the average storage temperature is known. Typical collector performance is presented graphically for the case of finite storage and constant storage temperature for a variety of collector operating conditions. Use of the integrated collector equation makes possible a calculation of monthly and annual solar collector performance.


Emergency department (ED) overcrowding is known to be associated with poor patient outcomes, especially for patients with high acuity or unstable


Abstract. In the satellite-to-satellite optical communications, two optical terminals need to keep precise tracking for the beacon each other. However, in the tracking stage, the beacon recognition can be influenced by the star background light, which will result in the decline of tracking precision or the loss of the beacon. To solve these problems, we propose the centroid coordinate sequence fast Fourier transform algorithm, which distinguishes the beacon and the star background light by the frequency feature. Furthermore, for improving the tracking precision, the prediction method for the beacon is also introduced. To study the tracking precision of the algorithm, we simulated the satellite platform vibration. Finally, an experiment was performed to verify the practicability of the algorithm. Compared with the tradition method, the results showed that the prediction accuracy was improved more obviously. When the vibration frequencies are 50 and 80 Hz, the tracking precisions were improved by 58% and 33%, respectively. The new algorithm will be beneficial for improving the tracking precision and maintaining the steady laser link.


A new method has been used to optimize a ternary mobile phase used for separation of mixtures of organic Cited By since 1996 This article has been cited 3 times in Scopus: (Showing the 2 most recent) Sherma, J. Planar chromatography (2000) Analytical Chemistry Document Type: Article View references (14) Scopus Journal of Planar Chromatography Modern TLC: A new method for mobile phase optimization in high-performance thin-layer chromatography ... 5/21/2007 http://www.scopus.com/scopus/record/display.url?view=basic&origin=resultslist&eid=2-s2.0-0031695620&sort=plf-f&src=s&st1=jantschi&st... compounds by high-performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC). Computer programs have been written to assist prediction of the optimum mobile phases. The method was found to he a rapid and efficient tool in mobile phase optimization. Author


Poor air quality in the dormitory will affect students' physical and mental health and reduce their learning efficiency. The environmental status of university dormitory is gaining more and more attention. The indoor environment quality is always affected by outdoor condition during the heating period due to the requirement of natural ventilation. Using ANSYS Fluent software establishes a full-scale indoor and outdoor inner-corridor-type dormitory taking into account the different floor numbers. The results revealed that the living area on the south side of the corridor has a higher temperature and carbon dioxide concentration compared with the north side of the corridor. The balcony and corridor play an important role in maintaining the temperature of the dormitory. The mean velocity on the first floor is the lowest, and there is no significant difference in the air velocity in the living area on both sides of the corridor. The living area on the fifth floor has the better ventilation effectiveness. The results of this study will help architects understand the impact of natural ventilation on the indoor environment in inner-corridor-type dormitory.


The Lagos Area Metropolitan Transport Authority is using an effective public private partnership (PPP) financing structure in order get its first metro line, the Blue Line, up and running. This article takes a look at the project management aspect of this construction and how it is hoped that the expansion of its rail transit will improve congestion and boost economic prosperity to its former level in the 1960's.


Background: In 2009, the Italian Society of Obesity developed the short-form questionnaire for Obesity-related Disabilities (TSD-OC). Aims: To stage the degree of disability in obese patients using TSD-OC; to verify its sensitivity to change after rehabilitation. Subjects: Three hundred and fifty-five adult obese individuals [body mass index (BMI) >30 kg/m2] undergoing rehabilitation. Exclusion criteria were severe cardiovascular or respiratory diseases, neurological and psychological conditions. Sensitivity to change of TSD-OC was evaluated in 194 patients out of the initial sample. Methods: To define the disability levels according to TSD-OC, the method of interquartile range was applied to the initial sample. The 194 in-patients were assessed with Roland-Morris Disability Questionnaire, Functional Independence Measure (FIM), Functional Visual Analogue Scale, and TSD-OC before (S0) and after 4 weeks (S1) of intensive (3 h daily) rehabilitation multidisciplinary program. Individuals were grouped according to age (1: age 30–59 yr; 2: age over 60 yr) and degree of obesity (BMI: A, 30–40 kg/m2; B, 40–50 kg/m2). Results: At S1, BMI and all the clinical scores improved significantly in the whole study sample. The younger individuals with higher level of obesity showed a higher functional improvement (−51.3%). In the older subjects, improvement was not statistically different when varying BMI (A2–13.7% vs B2–14.6%). In the whole group, the TSD-OC improvement was statistically greater than the physical FIM gain (−25.9% vs +5.4%, p<0.05). Conclusions: Our data evidenced that the TSD-OC is a sensitive measure of short-term changes in disability status of obese individuals after rehabilitation.


This article explores questions arising out of the substantial body of jurisprudence developed within the Inter-American system of human rights relating to the application of the American Convention on Human Rights to the many armed conflicts that have occurred in Central and South America since the Convention entered into force. Two separate, but related, issues will be considered in detail. The first concerns the material scope of the Convention and, in particular, the extent to which the Inter-American Court of Human Rights and the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights can apply international humanitarian law in considering the cases or communications which come before them. The second question concerns what role international humanitarian law plays in interpreting the rights contained in the Convention. If the application of Convention rights is not prevented by the existence of lex specialis in the form of international humanitarian law, then how can the rights contained in the American Convention be applied in armed conflict situations to take proper account of the relevant principles of international humanitarian law? In response to these questions the article identifies two ways in which the Court and Commission use international humanitarian law in respect of substantive rights contained in the Convention. The first is as a means of supplementing the jurisprudence that has been established under the Convention in circumstances where doing so provides additional human rights protection for individuals. The second use is concerned with avoiding normative conflict. In this regard the Court uses international humanitarian law in the process of establishing whether a state's international responsibility is engaged under Article 1(1) of the American Convention. After considering the different ways in which international humanitarian law is used by the supervisory mechanisms of the Inter-American system, the article concludes by highlighting some potential problems with the Court's approach to these matters. In particular, while international humanitarian law creates reciprocal legal obligations regulating the conduct of both states and non-state actors in an internal armed conflict, converting these obligations into human rights means that they are enforceable against one party to the conflict alone, namely, the state. This discrepancy, it is argued, may give rise to a number of undesirable outcomes.


We all recognize the invaluable contribution milk makes to the pregnant woman's diet, especially in regard to calcium needs. What we must also realize is that all women cannot tolerate this food, so for them other sources must be used.


In order to overcome the subjectivity on weight allocation of the traditional evaluation methods in e-commerce software quality evaluation, based on the object classification capability of rough set theory, the paper presents a completely data-driven e-commerce software quality evaluation method using measurement methods of knowledge dependence and attribute importance in rough set theory. It overcomes the subjectivity and ambiguity of traditional evaluation methods. An example is presented to explain the evaluation process.


In the present work, fungal biodegradation of diluted straw kraft black liquor were studied. Phanerochaete chrysosporinm and Fusarium solani were selected as fungi to be used in this experiments. The results obtained indicated that it could be promising to treat the pulping waste liquor with a single fungus. It is shown by the experiments that P. chrysosporium and F. solani can remove over 50% or 60% CODcr components of the kraft black liquor with a high CODcr of 28,000 mg/L, respectively, and the process can produce some valuable products as well, comparison of the essential amino acid in protein of P. chrysosporium growing on the waste liquor with soybean meal and cotton seed cake suggested that the protein of P. chrysosporium is the best one.


The Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau forms a key genetic resource for plant flora in China, while also providing an important base for localized animal production. From an ecological perspective, its current degraded state has caused much concern amongst researchers and many factors contribute to this, particularly the Qinghai-Tibetan Highway. In this research, an altitudinal transect was established along the Qinghai-Tibetan Highway from the Xidatan (94°10.016′E,35°43.063′N) to the southern Tanggulashan pass (33°07.120′E,91°52.670′N), and 75 sampling zones in 32 locations were identified at vertical intervals of 100 m between 4300 and 4930 m above sea level in the permafrost region of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. The #beta# diversity of the plant communities was measured by using the Cody index and the Whittacker index.


AbstractTwo binary Al-rich Al–Nb alloys containing 4·5 and 7·7 wt-%Nb have been rapidly quenched from the liquid state using the 'gun' technique. Transmission electron microscopy and diffraction techniques have been extensively employed to characterize the as quenched as well as externally heat treated alloy foils. Each alloy in the as-quenched state shows only a supersaturated solid solution, indicating a substantial increase in the solid solubility limit of Nb in Al by rapid quenching. Elongated solid solution grains and defect structures have also been observed in the as-quenched foils. While no precipitation was found to occur on annealing the quenched dilute alloy (Al–4·5Nb) foils for 1 h at 673 K, precipitation along grain boundaries was observed in the concentrated alloy (Al–7·7Nb). Higher temperature annealing (≥773 K) resulted in the formation of a new metastable phase having an ordered fcc GeCa7 type structure with a lattice parameter a ~ 0·8 nm. This phase forms predominantly with a rodlike mor...


The purpose of the research is to reveal and explain about the matters of Ronggeng performance as a traditional art in Muaro Kiawai village. As a traditional art, Ronggeng now is in endangered due to the declining number of its presentations. This study is qualitative, where data is collected by observation, interviews, and documentation. The research informants were the actors who are involved in Ronggeng art, the ethnic group elites, and the society. The research instruments were the researcher, helped by recording instrument. The data was analyzed using Miles and Huberman model. The study finds that Ronggeng is formed by two type arts; dance and music. Ronggeng is marginalized by the society, because it does not adapt with the current changes and civilization. Therefore, most Ronggeng artists establish Senandung Rindu group in an effort to save Ronggeng from extinction. In the end, the effort contributes to the preservation and sustainability of the existence and activities of Ronggeng in Muaro Kiawai.


The transition temperature to superconductivity, T c , of the high-temperature superconductor R 1 - y Ca y Ba 2 Cu 3 O x (R=Y, Nd) can easily be changed by variation of oxygen or calcium content. Exposing the sample to hydrostatic pressure leads to additional T c changes depending on the oxygen and calcium content. In this work possible origins of the T c changes under hydrostatic pressure and the role of doping and structural aspects will be discussed. Like many other superconducting properties the pressure effect dT c /dp is strongly depending on the hole concentration n h in the CuO 2 planes. In the underdoped region the pressure effect of R 1 - y Ca y Ba 2 Cu 3 O x is positive and can reach values up to 7 K/GPa. In the optimally doped and overdoped region all R 1 - y Ca y Ba 2 Cu 3 O x systems show the same linear decreasing dT c /dp(n h ) dependence. For n h > 0.175 the dT c /dp values are even negative. It will be shown that the dT c /dp(n h )-dependence with a pressure effect maximum in the underdoped region can be qualitatively described by pressure induced charge transfer from the CuO chains to the CuO 2 planes especially in the underdoped region, however, additional effects besides charge transfer increase T c under hydrostatic pressure. In the light of the model of pressure induced depinning of spin-charge stripes it becomes clear why non-charge transfer effects lead to large T c variations under pressure especially in the underdoped regime and why these non-charge transfer effects differ strongly from system to system.


CHEMOPREVENTION Chemoprevention is the use of small molecules, including dietary or herbal chemicals, to prevent diseases, as opposed to chemotherapeutics, where chemicals, mostly synthetic, are used to remove or alleviate the symptom of diseases. The concept of chemoprevention, although prevalent in the East for thousands of years, has not gained scientific recognition in the West until recently. Large-scale clinical studies have demonstrated the efficacy of using tamoxifen, raloxifene, both estrogen receptor antagonists, and fenretinide, a synthetic retinoid, in protecting women from breast cancer. 1‐3 The report by the Chemoprevention Working Group to the American Association for Cancer Research was a watershed that signaled the acceptance of chemoprevention as a viable alternative means in cancer control. 4 Therefore, it is of interest to explore the possibility of using phytochemicals or other dietary chemicals as chemopreventive agents. Further, the study of the biological effects of these phytochemicals at cellular level provides the molecular basis for their anti-disease function and helps to establish the platform for generating more potent chemopreventive and even chemotherapeutic agents.


In the article the pedagogical experiment as an effective means of testing, which aimed at identifying successful use of educational tests when studying spelling and punctuation in learning Russian as a foreign language.


Pharmaceutical counterfeiting is becoming a significant issue in the healthcare community as well as for the pharmaceutical industry worldwide. A rapid screening technique such as near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy could aid in the search for and identification of counterfeit drugs. In the present paper, five generic vitamin tablets with different active ingredient content, produced by different manufacturers, were used as examples to test NIR spectroscopy for screening counterfeit products. The results showed that qualitative and quantitative NIR models of the generic drugs can be constructed, despite differences in formulation and physical properties of the tablets from the different manufacturers. In the case of the vitamin tablets, there is a high correlation between the spectra and the active ingredient content of the drug formulations. The differences in the active ingredients are significant enough to discriminate the tablets. Combining qualitative analysis with quantitative analysis further increases the effectiveness of NIR analysis. NIR spectroscopy offers an excellent opportunity for use as a screening technique to detect counterfeit samples.


The chinese have held to the architectural standards of the past no less tenaciously than to other traditions of their ancient civilization. Buildings standing at the present day testify to this fact, and innumerable written records indicate a continuity of architectural practice lasting more than 2,000 years. The probability is that foreign importation has affected Chinese architecture least of all the arts.


Abstract We present a case of a 32-year-old transgender male who underwent chest masculinization, complicated by purulent soft tissue infection of bilateral chest incisions. Cultures tested positive for non-typhoidal Salmonella, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Herein, we discuss multiple factors contributing to the complexity of treating this patient's clinical course.


The study assessed the business education lecturers on instructional delivery in colleges of education in Kaduna and Kano State. Two research questions guided the study and two null hypotheses were formulated and tested at a 0.05 level of significance. The descriptive survey research design was used for the study. The population of the study comprised 32 business education lecturers from the Federal Colleges of Education, Kano (FCE Kano and FCE (T) Bichi), Kano State College of Education, Kumbosto, Federal College of Education, Zaria and Kaduna State College of Education, Gidan-Waya, Kaduna State. Since the population size is manageable, the researchers used all populations, and so, there was no sample size for the study. The researchers developed a structured questionnaire for data collection. The instrument was validated by two experts from the rank of senior lecturer and above from the business education department of Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria. Cronbach Alpha method was used to test the reliability of the instrument which yielded a coefficient value of 0.90. Mean and standard deviation was used to answer the research questions while Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) was used to test the two null hypotheses formulated for the study at a significance of the level of 0.05. The findings revealed among others that Business education lecturers give prompt feedback on students learning outcomes. Based on the findings of the study, it was recommended among others that, the college authority should employ more lecturers in the area of business education programmes for comprehensive curriculum delivery to the students.


(1) Background: Exploring the interactive relationship between intensive land use (ILU) and tourism industry development (TID) is of vital significance to promote the high-quality and sustainable development of tourism and the urban economy. (2) Methods: This paper constructs an evaluation index system of ILU and TID, and comprehensively measures the coupling and interaction between ILU and TID in China's 58 major tourist cities from 2004 to 2018 by using the entropy weight method, coupling coordination degree model, and panel vector autoregressive model. (3) Results: In terms of the coupling relationship, the coupling coordination degree of ILU and TID in China's major tourist cities were optimized year by year, and the coupling coordination degree from 2004 to 2008 was less than 0.2, which is part of the serious imbalance recession stage. From 2009 to 2018, the coupling coordination degree was between 0.2 and 0.4, which is part of the moderate maladjustment recession stage. In terms of interactive response, ILU and TID formed a long-term interactive relationship, and the intensity effect of ILU on TID is significantly higher than that of TID on ILU. (4) Conclusions: There is a significant correlation and bidirectional process between ILU and TID, and they have an essential impact on the high-quality development of tourist cities.


If you ask most people about cost and price they believe they understand exactly what is meant. Cost is what you pay for an item and price is what the seller asks — and for most buyers the transactions are the same. However, cost and price are different to different players in a transaction. There is the cost of creating, developing, producing, marketing, supporting, distributing, storing, and selling an item. There is the retail or list, wholesale, sale, or discounted price at which the item is sold and which the purchaser pays. It sounds simple, but in reality it is a complex process involving a high degree of subjective judgment.


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Folk games are part of the life of a society. They have been used as a means of entertaining and educating for children as well as adults. With their governing principles, ways of playing, folk games can teach children different values such as honesty, cooperation, working together for achieving a common goal, and democracy. Adults can improve the games and make use of them in different entertaining contexts such as sports activities. Improvising folk games for educational purposes could also be an important step in enhancing the context of school education and helping our students to have authentic and enjoyable experiences. Children at KG and elementary level are assumed to benefit more from this improvisation. Integrating them with different syllabus in appropriate contexts could give an inspiring experience for children. So, this book is assumed to give an important insight in how we can improvise folk games and integrate them for educational purposes. Sports departments can also use the collected folk games for creating improvised games. Besides, it can be used as a step for further research in the area.


Sustainable architecture is a method of designing which reduces the use of nonrenewable resources and optimizes the use of renewable sources and suggests that what we need for survival, can be obtained from the environment and it defines the view about the world by clever and compassionate use of resources and considering the quality of life of future generations. In the leading world it can be said that energy, in fuel sense, means power and stability, and architecture is one of the effective areas in this important section, and stability and security and health of a society depend on that. Understanding the capabilities of energy and saving in energy use in construction has a huge role in urban management. Residential and commercial complex designing with a view to practical and urban climate solutions, not only is not a matter of ornamentation, but also it is a way to respond to our search for providing better safety, comfort, and environment. In this study, by investigating and analyzing the climatic elements in sustainable architecture in order for amending the energy consumption pattern in buildings, we investigate the use of materials' thermal capacity, solar greenhouse, double walls, and other practical strategies of the article 19. In this study we selected a research area of North Khorasan in order to improve energy consumption pattern by applying the article 19 of National Building Regulations. And all relevant information was collected in a four-month period; then using OUT CAD software, the data was registered, processes, integrates, and analyzed and designed such that all climatic elements in sustainable architecture were considered in designing the studied area and the final design of the optimal pattern of energy consumption in the building was resulted according to the article 19 of National Building Regulations.


Summary An X-ray and chemical examination of deweylites reveals that they are intimate mixtures of very poorly ordered trioctahedral 2:1 and 1:1 layer silicates. The 2:1 mineral exhibits no swelling in the presence of ethylene glycol or water and is best described as an extremely fine-grained and highly disordered form of talc, for which the term kerolite is often used. Stevensite is not a component of deweylites. The 1:1 component most closely resembles a disordered chrysotile. Evaluation of the chemical data, including values for H2O +, shows that both end-members are hydrated to various degrees. This hydration is most probably attributable to the presence of water molecules and hydroxyls associated with the large surface areas and unbalanced surface bonds. Formulae for the end-members are approximately R 3Si4O10(OH)2·0·3 0·7 H2O and R 3Si2O3(OH)4·0·3–0·7 H2O where R is principally Mg, but samples with more or less H2O are entirely possible due to variations in crystallinity. No specific formula can be given to deweylites as they are mixtures with variable proportions of the components. The name is useful, however, as a field or 'box' term, similar to the use of garnierite and limonite.


This study was on the impact of insurgent activities on government senior secondary education in Borno and Yobe States. Three purpose of the study with three corresponding research questions and hypotheses guided the study. Descriptive survey research design was adopted for this study. The population comprised of 2600 teaching staff and 276 administrators for Borno and 957 teaching staff and 123 administrators for Yobe State. The sample was randomly selected among the senior secondary schools in those areas while the sampling technique used was proportionate stratified sampling. The instrument used for data collection was "Impact of Insurgents' Activities on Senoir Secondary Schools in Borno and Yobe States Questionnaire (IIASSSBYQ). The reliability of the instrument was .825. The findings of the result revealed that Students were reluctant to go school for fear of insurgency (.768). Also, the coefficient of influence of insurgency activities on students enrolment reveal that forceful recruitment of student as child soldiers and suicide bombers by insurgency lower enrolment in my school (.817). Conclusions and recommendations were made among which are Nigerian Government should address the root and symptom of the problem by eradicating poverty, providing employment to the people and enhancing security efforts. Government should ensure that there is equity and transparency in the distribution of resources and maintain justice and fairness in resolving


The utility model designs a composite sealing material of the non-metal material coating layers of rubber, etc. Which are coated on a metal basal material, and a sealing gasket which is made from the composite sealing material. The utility model breaks through the defects of the traditional sealing gasket, and has the advantages of good rigidity, high pressure resistance, strong working environment adaptability, high temperature resistance, low temperature resistance, high pressure resistance, oil resistance, and freon corrosion resistance, etc. The utility model can be used for sealing various mechanical products.


Primary agricultural tractors used metallic wheels with clutches as locomotion elements. Due to the impossibility to run in roads, damages provoked on the pathways and the suppression in disintegrated soil made necessary to seek other materials for the tractors' tread. The pneumatic tread, by being deformed, adjust better to irregularities on the ground, increasing the traction capacity and commodity for the operator. The decreased ballastage, replaced by dynamic loads induced by weight transference, improve even more the performance of the wheels in the soil, converting them in actual support points. In spite of the evolution experienced by the treads, they offer several technical options that aren't always used, because not every tread available in the market are appropriate for every application. The size, technical features, inflation pressure, etc. determine the behavior and durability. Thus, an overloaded tread has a decreased useful life; on the other hand, thinking otherwise charges the product, once the lack of weight can jeopardize its primary function, stressing that, by not supporting the whole tread, gliding can be increased. In consequence of the exposed above, it becomes necessary to choose the tread properly in order to determine the application and find out that its use for each moment occurs in conditions that provide better benefits and higher durability.


In this article, a fast approach of video stabilization is presented based on haerachical estimmation of global motion and multi-thread parallel computation. At first, the structure-texture decomposition is adopted to tackle the negative effect from illumination changes. Then according to pyramid structure of image texture a hierachical model is built to estimate global motion parameters with least square method. Afterwards Gaussian smoothing method is employed to eliminate error accumulation in motion compensation. Meanwhile the multi-thread parallel computation is used to speed up the processing efficiency so as to achieve a real time performance for videos with 25fps.


The scarcity of Kentucky specimens of Synaptomys in the recent papers of Hall and Cockrum (1953) and Wetzel (1955) have prompted the author to put on record his findings relative to the status of Synaptomys cooperi in Kentucky.

Welter and Sollberger (1939) were apparently the first to record Synaptomys cooperi stonei Rhoads from Kentucky. They recorded two specimens from a swampy area near Morehead, Rowan County. Barbour (1951) was the second to record the species, with his five specimens from the summit of Big Black Mountain, in Harlan County. These are apparently the only two published accounts of the occurrence of the species in the state.

The zoological collections of the University of Kentucky currently contain 86 specimens of Synaptomys cooperi from Kentucky, collected by the author and his students, largely since 1950. A series of 16 specimens from Mason County was borrowed from the private collection of Mr. James T. Wallace of Maysville. Three specimens from Rowan County were borrowed from the zoological collection of Morehead State College. Mr. Dwight M. Lindsay, of Georgetown College, Georgetown, Kentucky, kindly lent a series of 13 specimens of Synaptomys cooperi from Ripley and Jefferson counties, Indiana. Credit is due the Research Fund Committee of the University of Kentucky for financial assistance incident to the collection of many of the specimens.

We have found Synaptomys rather easy to trap, particularly in the months of January, February and March. At this time in Kentucky, at least, the ground is relatively free of snow cover, and the tall grasses that constitute the habitat of Synaptomys are rather limited in distribution, confined largely to fence rows, swampy areas, and the relatively few waste fields. At this time of year, the population of Synaptomys is concentrated in such areas, and snap-back mouse traps set across the runs …


This paper is aimed to perform optimization of a multifunctional actuator utilizing magnetorheological (MR) fluids. In the design of the MR fluid based rotary devices, the inner coils are mainly in interior and exterior forms. However, the effect of these two forms of inner coils on output torque was not discussed. In this research, models with different inner coils are built, analyzed and compared. Among them, the model with interior inner coil is the best option in terms of output torque. Based on the analysis, optimization of the multifunctional actuator is carried out. The corresponding prototype is then fabricated and each function of the developed multifunctional actuator is tested.


Local area networks (LAN) are subject to crashes. If a communication link goes down or a server crashes, services provided by the network become unavailable. To provide fault tolerant and fault resilient network services, LANs are required to be adaptive and reconfigurable so that they can recover from crashes by reconfiguring themselves. The paper presents an application of the adaptive team design methodology on computer networks to design adaptive reconfigurable local area networks.


To describe and compare perceptions of collaboration between care providers on the part of three groups of Registered Nurses working in municipal care and having particular responsibility concerning the care of frail older people with intellectual disability (ID); and, furthermore, to investigate the presence of and compliance with guidelines for the coordination of care.


As multilayer ceramic capacitors (MLCs) become larger for increased charge storage, the removal of binder by thermal degradation becomes more ditficult. An alternative strategy is to remove the binder by supercritical extraction (SCE). In this work, we present the results for the degree to which poly(vinyl butyral) (PVB) and dioctyl phthalate (DOP) can be removed from MLCS. Whereas supercritical carbon dioxide can easily extract the DOP plasticizer, removal of the PVB is more difficult. Alternate strategies for PVB removal are discussed, and we assess the degree to which the permeability of the body is enhanced by using supercritical extraction to increase the pore space in the body.


In this paper, an economic order quantity inventory model is analysed, considering the effect of inflation on a multivariate demand function and inventory control for non-instantaneous deterioratin...


In the present Perspective, a recent approach in radiation chemistry is summarized. By employing radiation chemical methods, such as γ-ray radiolysis and pulse radiolysis, powerful oxidative and reductive species can be generated to initiate various reactions. Thus, radiation chemical methods are applicable to various systems in a wide variety of fields and are not restricted to basic radical or radical ion chemistry. For example, our research group has employed radiation chemical methods to elucidate the mechanisms of various phenomena. Here, radiation chemical investigations on the charge delocalization process, excited radical ions, photocatalytic systems, emitting devices, and biological systems are introduced as examples of the wide applicability of radiation chemistry. Radiation chemical methods should be useful for a wide variety of researchers in the future as well.


Reports on a detailed study of multiple-tuned VLF antennas by experimental and numerical modelling. The experimental model was placed on a 30 metre diameter elevated ground plane, so that the instruments to measure impedance and the effective height of an antenna under test could be deployed from beneath the wire grid ground plane. To measure impedance either a Hewlett-Packard RF impedance analyzer Model 8505A or a Model 4194A were employed. The numerical modelling studies used the numerical electromagnetic codes NEC-3 and MININEC-3. The MININEC computer program uses an IBM compatible microcomputer. >


The present paper reviews effects of green measures in the EU 2015 agricultural reform, including crop diversification, permanent grasslands management and the related environmental impacts on carbon accumulation, greenhouse gas emissions, nitrogen leaching, biodiversity and soil protection in Denmark. The study indicates that the demands for crop diversification have resulted in a significantly increased reduction in the number of small farms in the category below 30 ha. The number of farms with only 1 or 2 types of crops was reduced, whereas the summed farm area for applicants with 3 to 6 different crop types increased significantly. In contrast, the summed farm area for applicants with 7 or more crop types only increased slightly. Measured per ha, the large farms are less crop diverse than the smaller farms, and while the number of crop types increased from 2.5 to 2.8 at farms in the size class 10-30 ha, it increased from 4.7 to 4.9 for farms with >30 ha rotational area. In general, greater cropping system diversity improves soil quality. Both permanent grasslands and grass in rotation contribute to soil carbon accumulation. For common, productive grassland fields in Denmark the accumulation is estimated to around 0.6 t C/ha/yr, both for permanent and rotational grasslands, and with significantly higher accumulations than for cereals. In addition, grasslands at low fertilizer levels have low GHG emissions of nitrous oxide, and the summed GHG effect of conversion from cereals to grassland is significant. If measured per area, the highest GHG effect is for conversion to grass-clover at low fertilizer levels, whereas the GHG effect per ha of conversion from cereals to grass is reduced at high grassland fertilizer levels. However, the nitrogen leaching is relatively independent of the fertilizer level, and there are significant positive trade-offs between fertilization and yields. For biodiversity, especially extensive permanent grasslands have positive effects, whereas there is no significant difference between the biodiversity effect of intensively farmed grassland and cereal fields, unless the grassland is grown in a more extensive production system than the cereals, for example as permanent grass or in systems with no or only little fertilizer or pesticides input. With regard to soil protection, the establishment of grassland can be a useful option to mitigate erosion risks. Moreover, grasslands can facilitate sediment deposition and as a preferred cover on riparian buffer zones prevent runoff to surface waters. Experimental evidence shows a high vulnerability of winter cereals and maize to water erosion. In contrast, well established grassland provides very good protection from erosion, but due to the short period with bare soil, restricting ploughing of permanent grassland would not noticeably improve soil protection against soil erosion in the relatively flat landscapes of Denmark. Finally, especially permanent grassland is expected to reduce risk of subsoil compaction; a main threat to soil quality under Danish conditions.


The modern accountant works in extremely difficult conditions, which is associated with the rapid development of the service economy, which leads to the formation of new and complex business processes and operations. Since all transactions must be reflected in the accounting system of the enterprise, there is a need to find sound methods that allow to implement it within the existing legal field. However, domestic legislation in the field of accounting and taxation is increasingly undergoing changes that are not always relevant and systematic. As a result, the accountant in his work is faced with problematic issues that need to be addressed immediately. However, the solution of such problems is not always directly regulated by law. In such conditions, the role and importance of professional judgment of the accountant, the content of which is disclosed in the article, increases significantly. It is determined that professional judgment is bases on acquired knowledge, own skills, abilities, experience and professional sense, and is a kind of superstructure of professional opportunities. The cost of such a judgment depends on the result obtained on the basis of its application. Professional judgment is a variable characteristic of an accountant's capabilities and requires constant development. To do this, you should follow certain principles, which include consistency, argumentation, reliability, completeness, logic. Adherence to these principles will form the level of professional judgment that will provide an opportunity to effectively solve non-standard production situations and bring additional income to the accountant. In addition, we believe that the application of international accounting and reporting standards provides more opportunities for the development of accounting judgment. This is because international standards describe the basic principles that a particular entity must comply with. Domestic accounting regulations provide many alternatives by which objects can be recognized in accounting. Therefore, the development of professional judgment in the application of national provisions is primarily related to the justification of a specific alternative or scheme of application of methods of recognition, evaluation, accounting of individual objects.


Composite dilation wavelets generate bases or frames using two groups of dilations. One group is associated with a set {ai,a ∈ GL n(ℝ),i ∈ ℤ}, where a is an expanding matrix with det(a) an integer....


ABSTRACT The modified couple stress theory (MCST) is utilized to investigate the bending of viscoelastic nanobeams laying on visco-Pasternak elastic foundations based on a new shear and normal deformations beam theory. This model consists of the material length scale coefficient that captures the size impact on small-scale beams. The simply supported beam is made of viscoelastic material, subjected to time harmonic transverse load. The nanobeam is presumed to be laying on double layers of foundations. The first layer is modeled as Kelvin–Voigt viscoelastic model and the second is taken as a shear layer. Based on the proposed beam theory and MCST, the differential motion equations are deduced using Hamilton's principle. To check the validity of the obtained formulations, the predicted results are compared with those available in the open literature. In addition, the influences of various parameters such as the material length scale parameter, length-to-depth ratio, viscoelastic damping structure, the stiffness and damping coefficients of the viscoelastic substrate, and shear and normal strains on the deflection and stresses are illustrated.


Robots will soon deliver food and beverages in various environments. These robots will need to communicate their intention efficiently; for example, they should indicate who they are addressing. We conducted a real-world study of a water serving robot at a university cafeteria. The robot was operated in a Wizard-of-Oz manner. It approached and offered water to students having their lunch. Our analyses of the relationship between robot gaze direction and the likelihood that someone takes a drink show that if people do not already have a drink and the interaction is not dominated by an overly enthusiastic user, the robot's gaze behavior is effective in selecting an interaction partner even "in the wild".


The invention provides a capacitance-voltage test preprocessing method which comprises the steps as follows: a to-be-tested piece is provided; and the to-be-tested piece is placed in an ozone environment for preprocessing, so that an oxidation layer is formed. The capacitance-voltage test preprocessing method has the advantages as follows: the surface of the tested piece is processed with ozone, the processing flow is greatly simplified, and the preprocessing time is shortened and only accounts for about 20% of that of a conventional preprocessing method. As no chemical agent is used, the capacitance-voltage test preprocessing method has the advantages that the method is more efficient, more environment-friendly, safer, more cost-saving, good in test repeatability and the like.


Incidents of piracy and armed robbery against
ships have sharply increased in the last decade
of the 20th Century and the early 21st Century.
The high rates of such incidences occur due
to States which suffer from political uncertainty
or lack of effective enforcement power in their
respective maritime jurisdictions. The situation
in Somalia reflects this notion in full account.
There would be no hope to expect such a State
to conduct efficient surface and aerial patrols
in its maritime jurisdiction on its own. Therefore,
prevention and suppression of such maritime
crimes in high risk areas should be conducted
by the international community as a whole.
Accordingly, this paper intends to search for a
viable way in which the international community
can cooperate without impairing the sovereignty
of the respective States in high risk areas. It
is suggested that an international naval and
air force should be established under the UN
Security Council to operate surface and aerial
patrols in high risk areas all over the world. This
exercise should be done in cooperation with
the regional powers in the respective State and
cease when it is capable of conducting efficient
surface and aerial patrols on its own or jointly with other States


Abstract UV-curable acrylates are the base for a large and growing product group within the coatings industry. Traditional chemical catalysis is poorly suited for acrylation reactions since these require low temperatures to avoid polymerization. In this study, immobilized Candida antarctica lipase B has been used to efficiently acrylate four polymers through transesterification of ethyl acrylate, via a solvent-free process using continuous distillation. The four products were based on three polyesters and one polyether, which represent two major classes of acrylates used in coatings today. The performance of the products was estimated with regard to curing rate, hardness, and chemical-resistance. While each product by itself had some weakness, a combination of acrylated polyether and polyester produced an adequate curing rate, good hardness, and excellent chemical-resistance properties.


In the traditional Multiphase Image segmentation algorithm, there are some problems, such as long operation time, high calculation cost and high error rate. In order to improve the above problem, originally proposed a multiphase image segmentation enhancement algorithm and model based on the combination of clustering algorithm. In this paper, for the problem of large amount of initial calculation for the segmentation model of multiple targets, a clustering algorithm is proposed to segment the image, and finally the model is established, the function data set is initialized, and the method of multiphase image segmentation is easier to segment idealized goal. This method can reduce the sensitivity of the clustering algorithm in the initialization, making the multiphase image segmentation model under the clustering algorithm easier to segment the ideal image. At the same time, the image segmentation model can quickly get the minimum value, reduce the amount of calculation, fully and effectively improve the efficiency. The M-level set implicit surface of multi-level set function is used to divide the image into m regions. The maximum value of level setting function is calculated to realize fast segmentation and reconstruction of constant value of multiphase segmentation. Experimental results show that the algorithm can greatly improve the contrast and clarity of images, and bring the best visual experience to people. Compared with the traditional clustering model, it has less iteration steps and faster segmentation speed.


In this paper, we compare the properties of the main criteria proposed for selecting the number of factors in dynamic factor model in a small sample. Both static and dynamic factor numbers' selection rules are studied. Simulations show that the GR ratio proposed by Ahn and Horenstein (2013) and the criterion proposed by Onatski (2010) outperform the others. Furthermore, the two criteria can select accurately the number of static factors in a dynamic factors design. Also, the criteria proposed by Hallin and Liska (2007) and Breitung and Pigorsch (2009) correctly select the number of dynamic factors in most cases. However, empirical applications show most criteria select only one factor in presence of one strong factor.


Robust performance is the most important concern in the design of any product, especially in system design stage that precedes parameter design, because it actually determines the attainable level of product robustness in the parameter design phase. In this article, a framework of modelling and analysis of system robustness is proposed, which includes system modelling, cluster analysis and design of experiments. In the process of system modelling, the metamodel of general design theory was utilized to describe the function–structure model of product design, and the customer needs are transformed into functional requirements. Based on the independent axiom and zigzag mapping mode of axiomatic design, the functional requirements are mapping to design parameters, and the design matrix is created, which is then converted into design structure matrix by identifying the relationship between functional requirements and the sensitivity of functional requirements to design parameters. The fuzzy clustering algorith...


This is the 4th and latest compilation of the Geologic Map of Arizona published in 2000 at 1:1,000,000 map scale. Released online on 19 January 2017


Root buds of leafy spurge (Euphorbia esula L. # EPHES) were found to be quiescent during most of the growing season due to correlative inhibition rather than innate dormancy. Excised root buds taken from plants that were fully flowering showed reduced elongation, indicating a period of innate dormancy. This innate dormancy could be eliminated by chilling plants for 8 days at 4 C. Root buds from plants showing late summer regrowth were no longer innately dormant. IAA (indole-3-acetic acid) and NAA (1-napthaleneacetic acid) completely inhibited the growth of excised leafy spurge root buds at concentrations of 10−3 and 10−5 M, respectively. A significant increase in root bud elongation was produced by 1 mM TIBA (2,3,5-triiodobenzoic acid) applied to stem and root tissue. These data provide further evidence for the involvement of IAA in correlative control of root bud growth in leafy spurge.


THIS REPORT IS A RESUME OF THE FIRST OF A SERIES OF STUDIES OF TAXATION AND EXPENDITURES IN THE VARIOUS STATES BEING MADE JOINTLY BY THE U.S. BUREAU OF PUBLIC ROADS AND THE UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN FOR THE PURPOSE OF OBTAINING FACTS COLLECTED ON GENERAL PROPERTY AND OTHER SOURCES BY THE STATE COUNTIES, TOWNS AND CITIES; THE AMOUNTS SPENT BY THE VARIOUS TAXING UNITS AND THE PURPOSES FOR WHICH THEY ARE EXPENDED. PARTICULAR ATTENTION IS GIVEN TO THE SOURCES OF FUNDS FOR HIGHWAY PURPOSES AND THE PROPORTIONATE AMOUNTS EXPENDED UPON THE VARIOUS CLASSES OF HIGHWAYS. /AUTHOR/


Batik is one of the famous Indonesian cultural products and has been patented by UNESCO 2 october 2009. Looking at the progress, current technologies and interests of Indonesian people in using internet, contrivances inspiration to make a web based multimedia tourism as an effort to develop tourism batik to be more attractive. In making web, html5 technology is applied in fields, especially in multimedia and using new elements like canvas element, video elements, audio elements.


In order to study the influence of micro-environmental regulation mode in root zoon on the soil temperature,soil volumetric water content in root zone and new branch increment of Chinese jujube to support base for its water-saving irrigation,the soil of root zone are replaced by other material and laid coated film.The results show that the treatment can greatly improve root zone temperature and prevent the water percolation out of root-zone.It can also remarkably increase the accumulated temperature to promote of the growth of new jujube branch.It can be concluded that the regulation model can increase water utilization efficiency and promote growth for jujube in arid area.


Available evidence indicates that traditional medicine practitioners are increasingly involved in providing reproductive health care to men and women in many parts of Africa. A large proportion of pregnant women in the continent are attended at birth by traditional birth attendants, and in some countries up to fifty per cent of pregnant women rely on the services of traditional birth attendants for antenatal care and delivery. In many sub‑Saharan African countries, traditional medicine practitioners offer treatment for sexually transmitted diseases and some have claimed successful cures for HIV/AIDS 1‑3 . Indeed, traditional medicines are often the first method of choice for treatment of infertility in many parts of Africa 4 and there are touted but unproven traditional methods of fertility regulation. No doubt, the use of traditional medicines for reproductive health care is due in large part to subsisting cultural beliefs about the causes of reproductive ill health and perceptions regarding the effectiveness of various methods of treatment for addressing them 1,2 The social stigma often associated with various reproductive health problems in Africa and poor access to orthodox services are additional factors that contribute to the persisting importance of traditional medicines in reproductive health care in the continent. Despite the use of traditional medicines in reproductive health, there are to date very few reports that evaluate the effectiveness of traditional medicines in reproductive health care in Africa. The paper by Abrahams et al 5 in this issue of the journal and that by Imogie et al 6 provide evidence of the persisting use of traditional medicines and traditional birth attendants for reproductive health care in two countries in Africa. As demonstrated in both papers, there are subsisting community beliefs about the efficacy of these forms of treatment in addressing reproductive health in Africa.  However, we believe that more empirical experimentation of these methods is needed to provide appropriate scientific evidence for the continuing use of the methods for reproductive health care in the continent. When considering effectiveness and safety, traditional medicines, as used for reproductive health care in Africa, can be grouped into three broad categories.  The first group consists of those that are potentially useful and efficacious in addressing specific reproductive health problems. There can be no doubt that when appropriately trained and well motivated, traditional birth attendants can play important roles in providing maternity care to underserved communities in Africa, especially to women who would otherwise have no access to any form of assistance at birth.  In this regard, having a traditional birth attendant would be regarded as better than not having any form of attendant at all. The second category comprises traditional medicines that are harmful or potentially harmful, and that can worsen the state of reproductive health for men and women.  The continued practice of female genital cutting clearly falls into this category, as it does not have any known benefit and has been shown to be harmful to women. Additionally, the use of traditional methods of abortion, which produce serious side effects and even death, and the use of herbs for the management of prolonged labour, which sometimes lead to uterine rupture, are traditional treatments that are harmful to women's reproductive health. A major challenge to contemporary efforts at promoting reproductive health in Africa is to identify ways to improve and refine the use of the beneficial methods while discouraging the use of harmful traditional methods. Clearly, this is an important area for intervention research in Africa in the coming years. Harm can also arise from traditional medicines when there is delay in the use of effective orthodox medicines because of reliance on an ineffective traditional treatment. To date, although traditional practitioners claim cures for sexually transmitted diseases and HIV/AIDS, there is no evidence that the available treatments are effective.  Thus, while a large number of patients utilise traditional methods for STDs and HIV/AIDS treatment, there has been a nagging suspicion that these merely lead to delay in seeking more efficacious orthodox treatments leading to a worsening of the clinical condition.  Indeed, we believe that a large majority of traditional treatments offered for reproductive health care in Africa fall in this third category of treatments that are neither effective nor harmful, but which nevertheless result in delay in the use of effective orthodox treatments.  An important research question in many parts of Africa is to identify factors that predict the use of traditional treatments versus orthodox treatments for various reproductive health problems. Especially for those conditions where traditional treatments have doubtful effectiveness, it would then be relevant to determine how best to discourage traditional methods of treatment while promoting more effective orthodox treatments. There has been intense public health debate in many parts of Africa to determine the most appropriate official policy towards traditional medicines for reproductive health care.  Some countries have policies that discourage traditional medicines, while others have supportive policies.  The majority of countries do not have official policies and have simply left traditional medicines to individuals to decide.  However, there is now a growing consensus that traditional medicine practitioners would be difficult to wish away in Africa, and that the best policy is to seek ways to integrate them into the formal system of health care delivery. 7,8 Such integration would involve the re‑training of traditional medicine practitioners on basic principles of reproductive health care, the identification and mapping out of specific roles, and arrangements made for supervision and referral to the orthodox health care system.  The priority to be accorded to implementing such a comprehensive programme will differ between countries, and would depend on the burden of reproductive ill health in the country, the relative importance of traditional practitioners in the health care delivery system, and an assessment of the cost‑effectiveness of the programme in preventing reproductive morbidity and mortality.      It is clearly evident that traditional medicines are important in reproductive health service delivery in Africa. Despite this, there has been little substantive research to document the effectiveness and cost‑effectiveness of traditional medicine for reproductive health care and to identify ways to integrate it with the orthodox system of care. Apart from curative care, traditional medicines would have even more important roles to play in preventative reproductive health care. Traditional practitioners are often rooted in the cultural and traditional consciousness of populations, and they work more closely with the grassroots as compared to orthodox practitioners.  Therefore, traditional practitioners would be more able to advocate for changing behaviours that impact negatively on reproductive health in Africa. With appropriate re‑orientation, traditional medicine practitioners can advocate for the eradication of harmful traditional practices such as female genital cutting; they can offer counselling on family planning and the use of condoms to prevent STDs/HIV; and they can link difficult cases of reproductive ill health to the orthodox system of care.  Surely, seeking integrative and cooperative roles for traditional medicine practitioners is a major challenge for reproductive health in Africa in the coming years.


Various modern life support systems, almost all people need electrical energy. In the use of large quantities and continuously will experience an energy crisis or an end to the supply of BBM (Oil Fuel) or fossil energy. Where fossil fuels cannot be renewed and will easily run out. So alternative energy is needed, namely with solar heat, so the right solution to overcome this problem is by using photovoltaics which are renewable energy. Various modern life support systems, almost all people need electricity. In the conditions described above, alternative energy is used as substitution for one solution or several life support systems. And the solution is to use electric stoves with alternative energy, namely solar energy. In this final project, solar energy is used as an energy test. alternative. This experiment uses 8 pieces of photovoltaics, each of which is 135 WP 40–60 Vdc to supply electrical energy on an electric stove of 220Vdc with a power of 200–600 W. At power settings can be done in two ways, linear or step , which is used in this final project, that is, in order. In electrical energy generated from photovoltaics at 1080 WP in the form of 200–300 Vdc of electrical energy and raised using boost converter by regulating basic switching, the control used is PI Controller to maintain dc voltage output. This voltage is used to supply electric stoves.


We have for the fi rst time succeeded in the preparation of thin tabular crystals of K 2 O- and F-doped lanthanum silicate oxyapatite, which were grown by the high-temperature solution technique using KF as solvent. The crystals were characterized using microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, electron probe micro-analysis (EPMA), and X-ray diffractometry (XRD). The atomic compositions determined by EPMA showed the signi fi cant correlations among the numbers of atoms ( N ) for La, Si, and F. They were well expressed by the two linear equations of N La = 17.52 ¹ 1.426 N Si and N F = ¹ 1.20 + 0.243 N Si , which enabled us to derive the general formula of [La 8.964 + 1.426 x K 0.850 ¹ 0.035 x ]  9.814 + 1.391 x [Si 6 ¹ x □ x ]  6 [O 25.742 + 0.243 x F 0.258 ¹ 0.243 x ]  26 (0 ¯ x ¯ 0.134), where x represents the amount of silicon de fi ciency denoted by □ . Based on the single crystal XRD data, the crystal structure was re fi ned for one of the grains, the chemical formula of which was eventually determined to be [La 9.11 K 0.85 ]  9.96 [Si 5.90 □ 0.10 ]  6 [O 25.77 F 0.23 ]  26 ( x = 0.10). The K and F ions preferentially occupied, respectively, the La and O (channel oxide-ion) sites, with the silicon site being de fi cient by ca. 1.7 % . Since the tabular crystals showed the well-developed { 001 } faces with relatively high aspect ratios, they could act as satisfactory templates for the


ABSTRACT Recent years have seen the emergence of the European dimension to the territorial planning conducted at lower scales, in a process described as the 'Europeanization' of spatial planning. Given that, to date, this phenomenon has received little attention as it affects Spain, this article seeks to analyse the impact of Europeanization on Spanish spatial planning, focused on an examination of its regional territorial plans. The results show that Spain has been no exception in the application of these European directives but, at the same time, its unique administrative organization means that the process of Europeanization remains slow and heterogeneous in its application.


The aim of this study is to provide early detection of children with special needs in early education and to offer proper handling for children with special needs. In fact, many preschool teachers experience difficulty in recognizing children with special needs with various characteristics. Difficulties in detecting children with special needs can only identified after they attend elementary school which is late and more complicated. Based on this urgency, we try to design training which can assist to improve teachers' ability to detect children with special needs early. The early detection in the context of providing appropriate educational services to avoid learning problems in the future. This article propose a design of training intervention for teachers so that it enables them to increase their understanding of children with special needs. Also, the training can improve the teachers' ability to identify various types of child development disorders; thus, they can refer children with special needs to experts accordingly. The design of this training is expected to be applied in preschool teachers so enhance their ability to carry out early detection of children with special needs.


Objective To understand the hardware,administration of networks software and information systems manpower fountain's basic thing of vaccinate units of Guangzhou,and to analyse feasibility of children vaccinate communication manage network build of Guangzhou.MethodsGuangzhou CDC use mail to every section CDC,and section CDC use one to one talk to finish this questionary.Resultsthere are 214 units in Guangzhou,the distributions are asymmetry about distributing of popedom population,the dates of vaccinate,the personnel age and work experience.But there are 97% units have computers and use software of Guangzhou Ziyuan company,thereinto 88% units have go to net,88% units use Windows XP.The workman have high level of use computer,there are 81% workman can use computer.ConclusionThis is feasible of actualize children vaccinate communication manage network build of Guangzhou.


Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate the hand function determinants and related factors of the patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA).
Material and Methods: Thirty nine patients with long standing rheumatoid arthritis were included in the study. Demographic, clinical and laboratory findings of the patients were recorded. Duruoz Hand Index Data (DHI) was used for the assessment of the hand functions. Disease acitivity was calculated by using Disease Activity Score (DAS) 28. In order to evaluate general disability, Health Assessment Questionnaire Disability Index (HAQ-DI) was used. Grip and pinch strengths of the patients were measured by the Jamar dynamometer.
Results: Among all the patients, 82.1% were women. Mean age of the patients were 58.03±13.11 years. Mean disease duration was 9.69 ± 8.96 years. Mean grip strength was 16.58±6.74 kg and pinch strength was 4.80±1.75 kg. Statistically significant positive correlation was found between hand functions measured by DHI and morning stiffness, HAQ-DI, Visual Analog Scale (VAS) hand, VAS global, DAS 28 and pinch (p


This thesis focuses on consumers' perceptions of brand's personality. Brand personality is described as the set of human characteristics associated with a brand. The brand personality that a co ...


With the use of indicator standardization method and triangular fuzzy number method,the econometric model of Zhejiang textile industrial clusters' anti-risk ability was established based on a comprehensive evaluation.Through empirical analysis,the comprehensive evaluation value of the anti-risk ability of Zhejiang textile industrial clusters was revealed as follows:Hangzhou and Ningbo have strong anti-risk abilities;Jiaxing,Huzhou,Shaoxing,Jinhua and Zhoushan a moderate anti-risk ability;and Wenzhou,Quzhou,Taizhou and Lishui are all at lower level.Furthermore,Some suggestions are put forward in the paper.


1. Lossless source coding with side information. Consider the lossless source coding with side information that is available at the encoder and decoder, where the source X and the side information Y are i.i.d. Figure 1: Lossless source coding with side information at the encoder and decoder. Show that a code with rate R < H(X|Y) can not be achievable, and interpret the result. and use similar steps, including Fano's inequality, as we used in the class to prove the converse where side information was not available.


The breakdown threshold for ultra-wideband high-power microwave(UWB-HPM) pulse propagating in the atmosphere pressures lager than 100 Torr is derived.When UWB-HPM propagation in the atmosphere with a breakdown threshold below the intensity of HPM filed,it may cause the breakdown of background gas and generate plasma which varies rapidly in space and time.Such plasma will attenuate the field at the tail portion of the HPM.This erosion shortens the pulses.Using finite difference time domain(FDTD) method,calculation for the UWB-HPM propagation in such range of pressures,and the flowchart of FDTD solution process are given.The numerical results will have reference value in the actual use of UWB-HPM.


Abstract Weighted mean convergence of generalized Jacobi series is investigated, and the results are used to prove weighted mean convergence of various interpolating polynomials based on the zeros of generalized Jacobi polynomials.


The average and local structures of the metals Al, Ni, and Cu have been elucidated for the first time using the MEM (maximum entropy method), multipole and PDF (pair distribution function). The bonding between the constituent atoms in all these systems is found to be well pronounced and clearly seen from the electron density maps. The MEM maps of all three systems show the spherical core nature of the atoms. The mid bond electron density profiles of Al, Ni, and Cu reveal the metallic nature of the bonding. The local structure using the PDF profile of Ni is compared with that of previously reported results. The R value in the present work using low Q XRD data for the PDF analysis of Ni is close to the value in the literature using high Q synchrotron data. The cell parameters and displacement parameters are also studied and compared with the reported values.


Methods from machine learning have successfully been used to improve the performance of control systems in cases when accurate models of the system or the environment are not available. These methods require the use of data generated from physical trials. Transfer Learning (TL) allows for this data to come from a different, similar system. This paper studies a simplified TL scenario with the goal of understanding in which cases a simple, alignment-based transfer of data is possible and beneficial. Two linear, time-invariant (LTI), single-input, single-output systems are tasked to follow the same reference signal. A scalar, LTI transformation is applied to the output from a source system to align with the output from a target system. An upper bound on the 2-norm of the transformation error is derived for a large set of reference signals and is minimized with respect to the transformation scalar. Analysis shows that the minimized error bound is reduced for systems with poles that lie close to each other (that is, for systems with similar response times). This criterion is relaxed for systems with poles that have a larger negative real part (that is, for stable systems with fast response), meaning that poles can be further apart for the same minimized error bound. Additionally, numerical results show that using the reference signal as input to the transformation reduces the minimized bound further.


A method and an apparatus for instantaneously deter mining ions in a carrier solution by means of leading it into a very thin continuous layer over the sensitive surface of an ion-selective electrode in a measuring cell and, from said measuring cell, on to a reservoir having a reference electrode so that the potential difference between the electrodes in the measuring cell can be continuously registered. The apparatus consists of a circuit having an inlet conduit, a pump, a sample addi tion apparatus, a loop, the measuring cell and a conduit via the pump to an outlet. The liquid level in the mea suring cell is held constant, the ion-selective electrode being arranged above the liquid level and the reference electrode being immersed in the solution.