Abstract This paper examines the effect that the major public policy changes that occurred in the 1980s and 1990s, most noticeably a drastic reduction in tariffs and a move away from centralised industrial relations, had on the operating environment of Australian business associations. Based on earlier research undertaken by Stephen Bell (1994) and using surveys and interviews with senior officers of Australian business associations, this paper aims to verify the contemporary accuracy of his 1994 hypothesis that business associations were reacting to their tough new operating environment by adopting a number of survival strategies. This paper concludes that Australian business associations are indeed reacting to a tougher operating environment by way of expanding the services they offer, both to their members and the State, and are increasingly willing to act collectively with other business associations to further the interests of their members.


IF we examine the techniques of printing and the method of pub lishing current at the end of the fifteenth century, and compare them to the corresponding practices at the end of the eighteenth century, we find surprisingly few differences 5 throughout these three hundred years books were set in movable metal type and printed upon handmade paper by means of simple presses; the printed sheets were then folded by hand, arranged in their proper order, sewn, and then sold. Arrangements for providing a more permanent protective cover for the volume were usually left for the purchaser. It is not our purpose here to examine these practices with anything more than a fleeting glance. Several points, however, should be par ticularly noticed: a volume published at the end of the eighteenth century, like one published at the end of the fifteenth, was printed by hand on hand-made materials, and published under the ultimate di rection of the man who had supervised these operations. Further, the object which left the printer's shop was quite a different one from that which was finally placed upon the shelves of one fortunate enough to be able to purchase it. I do not mean to assert that there were no developments in the methods of book manufacture and distribution in these three hundred years; indeed there were, especially in the genesis of that fascinating figure the publisher. But what I would like to stress is that the techni cal developments were almost negligible, and the social develop ments—that is, the clear distinction between the roles of printer, pub lisher and bookseller—scarcely more remarkable. If we look at the book industry of today, we find quite a different picture. The text of books is wholly set in type (if indeed type is even used) and printed, by machine, on machine-made paper; printed sheets are folded, placed in their correct order, trimmed, and bound by other machines. Further, these operations are executed under the di rection of an agent other than the one responsible for the distribution


Abstract This paper reports the recording and analysis of an aerodynamic database of 51 words produced by four patients with unilateral vocal fold paralysis. The vowel–fricative–vowel boundaries were manually annotated, and the mean absolute oral airflow amplitude (OA), fundamental frequency (f0), and first formant intensity (IF1) were extracted from a 20 ms window in the steady state of each phone. A case study approach to analysis of phonatory behaviour for the subjects is presented. Significant differences were found between the absolute OA and IF1 for different phones. Large between-subject variations in absolute measures for OA and f0 were found. Relative values calculated from the difference in these parameters between phones show consistency for subjects of the same gender.


The Dutch government has dropped its controversial plan to make women pay for the contraceptive pill. The plan would have removed oral contraception for adult women from basic health insurance as part of a £35m savings package. The U turn follows pressure from contraception experts who argued that the move would damage the Netherlands' international reputation for the lowest rates of abortion and unwanted teenage pregnancies in the world. The plan had also provoked a public campaign by women's groups, immigrant bodies, and political parties who feared that it could lead to an extra 5000 abortions a year. Some women, especially among risk groups such as women from Surinam and Morocco, would stop using the pill, it was argued. A national demonstration was held in the Hague and newspaper advertisements


The present paper is concerned with investigation of spatiotemporal organization of brain bioelectrical activity by two groups of adults (the native language is Russian) who have acquired the second language (English language) at early age or at school age. It's described technique of EEG registration and methods of multiparameter analysis of electroencephalogram (EEG). The study deals with investigation of spatiotemporal relationships of biopotential of the brain during realization verbal tasks related to hearing and mental repeating Russian and English poems by two groups of subjects. The results permit to suppose that there is essential difference in central organization of neurophysiologic processes of language realization by people with different levels of knowing the second language.


Most companion animal veterinarians will be aware of the controversy and debate raging in the United States around the issue of frequency of revaccination of dogs and
cats. It is an issue of huge importance to the profession over there and it shows no signs of going away, however fervently some might wish it would. Indeed, it seems likely that the American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA) will publish new recommendations concerning revaccination frequency in the near future. Several commentators, including some who seem reluctant to embrace change, anticipate that the AVMA will follow the lead of many American veterinary schools and the American Association of Feline Practitioners (AAFP) in recommending a decrease in "booster" revaccination frequency, despite the fact that advisory statements on vaccine package inserts generally recommend annual revaccination.


Monitoring traffic flows on road infrastructures has increasingly become a more common practice. Diverse types of sensors and devices to count and classify vehicles have been tested and installed on European roads in recent years, contributing to the growing availability of several databases. Moreover, methodologies to assess energy consumption for transport and the consequent emissions require several data sets, which are not always available. Consequently, it is an interesting endeavour to investigate an approach that can model energy dissipation, beginning from simple mechanical rules and traffic monitoring data and related parameters. The presence of ITS can have a positive influence on traffic flows. Beginning with this assumption, this study presents different scenarios based on actual and simulated data to estimate energy used in vehicular flow and how the energy consumed can change when the vehicular flow changes due to the influence of an ITS application. The approach presented in this study accounts to use both a mechanical model, providing a simple evaluation of energy consumption, and a traffic micro-simulation approach; both cases begin from the measurement of classical traffic flow parameters.


In this paper, a ZnSO/sub 3/ based electroluminescent light source with an electricluminofora dark blue luminescence color is described. Details of the glass binding materials used in the device construction are also given.


In 2007 the Howard Government was swept aside in a landslide at a Federal Election. On that day, many hundreds of Your Rights At Work activists were on polling booths around the country - frequently outnumbering the major parties - in what was the key phase of the campaign.

The previous years had seen the largest trade union campaign for industrial rights in decades. This paper looks at how that campaign was organised, and asserts that the victory of the campaign in defeating the Howard Government was not the result of a silver bullet strategy, but a mix of campaign components in a specific context. While certain strategies were new, in many ways the Your Rights At Work campaign was a back to basic initiative that had its success on the back of local organising across the nation.


We present experimental and theoretical study of single semiconductor quantum dots excited by two non-degenerate, resonantly tuned variably polarized lasers. The first laser is tuned to excitonic resonances. Depending on its polarization it photogenerates a coherent single exciton state. The second laser is tuned to biexciton resonances. By scanning the energy of the second laser for various polarizations of the two lasers, while monitoring the emission from the biexciton and exciton spectral lines, we map the biexciton photoluminescence excitation spectra. The resonances rich spectra of the second photon absorption are analyzed and fully understood in terms of a many carrier theoretical model which takes into account the direct and exchange Coulomb interactions between the quantum confined carriers.


To evaluate the behavior of the free internal mammary artery (IMA) graft in coronary bypass surgery an experiment was carried out in canine arteriovenous shunt position. From 6 dogs the IMA was dissected free from the right side as a naked artery and from the left side with the 2-cm-wide surrounding tissue. Three-cm-long free IMA grafts were anastomosed between the carotid artery and the contralateral external jugular vein as arteriovenous fistulas. After six months the grafts were harvested and studied by light microscopy and scan ning electron microscopy (SEM). Of 12 grafts, 10 were patent. In 1 dog both free IMA grafts were throm bosed. By light microscopy intimal thickening was seen in 2 IMA grafts with the surrounding tissue, and me dial fibrosis was seen in 1 naked IMA graft. In the SEM study in 4 samples of naked IMA grafts and in 2 samples of the IMA grafts with the surround ing tissue, the endothelium covered the luminal surface, although it had degenerated. In other samples the basement membrane was almost de nuded of endothelial cells. This study showed that free IMA grafts main tain their patency well in arterioven ous shunt, although the endothelium was severely degenerated in all grafts.


The purpose of this thesis is to build the SUE model of demand change types. In the model the reliability of time required information which depends on the VICS installation rate is considered. The main purpose is to show the evaluation method of the VICS by using the model. Time required information that the driver receives has the error which depends on the number of uplink of VICS installation cars moving on the network. In this thesis, the proposed model contains the information error, and the sensitivity and the characteristic of the model was analyzed. Afterwards, when social welfare of the VICS introduction was evaluated by using the proposed model, As a result the introduction convenience was largely was obtained. At the same time, when convenience was provisionally calculated, the difference arose in the size of convenience and it was possible to confirm the installation features by changing installation features of the beacon equipment.


(57) Abstract: The present invention selectively bind to PTH2 receptors, thus, abnormal CNS effects, abnormal spleen action, normal mineral metabolism and homeostasis derived divergence, male infertility, abnormal blood pressure adjustment or thalamus useful in the treatment of lower diseases, related series of PTH and PTHrP analogues.


ABSTRACT This exploratory study examined race/ethnicity, income, and employment status (including underemployment specifically) as predictors of relational distress for members of a couple in a predominantly low-income, historically marginalized racial-ethnic (HMRE) background sample (N = 671 couples). Results of a dyadic multiple regression using structural equation modeling did not show an effect for underemployment on relational satisfaction, but effects for employment status and race differed significantly. Findings strengthen the demand for holistic and integrative approaches to multi-couple group career counseling and career development for disproportionately higher numbers of HMRE couples and families.


Carotid artery vessel tracking and lumen segmentation is an important task for atherosclerotic plaque study, where the active contour model Snake has become one of the most powerful techniques for this purpose. However, its intrinsic weakness in initialization and topology changes handling limits its application in complicated situations. In this research, we focus our work on atherosclerotic blood vessel tracking and lumen contour segmentation of magnetic resource (MR) image sequences, along which the blood vessel bifurcates at indefinite position. To automatically capture this topology change in the processing, a practical solution is proposed by extending our previous research work. The procedure first presegments each MR slice into regions, and then uses a decision tree to track the blood vessel's topology change. Finally, the minimal path Snake (MPS) algorithm is applied to further search optimal lumen contours. Some experimental results in the preliminary study are provided to demonstrate its encouraging performance.


Objective To evaluate the efficacy of fluorine fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography-computed tomography(~(18)F FDG PET-CT)in the diagnosis of renal cell carcinoma(RCC).Methods Between 2006 and 2011, 27 patients with suspicious primary renal masses detected by conventional imaging underwent F-FDG PET-CT imaging. The results were retrospectively analyzed,and the final diagnosis was based on histopathology findings or long-time follow-up. Results For RCC tumors,the sensitivity,specificity and accuracy of ~(18)F-FDG PET-CT were 60%,50%,and 59.3%,respectively.In RCC tumors,the SUV_(max) between early and delayed imaging was 4.0±3.0 v.s 4.6±4.4,and was of no statistically significant difference.The maximum diameters of FDG-positive malignant lesions were(5.6±2.0) cm,and was statistically higher than FDG-negative ones of(2.5±1.0)cm.The Fuhrman grades of FDG-positive malignant lesions were statistically higher than FDG-negative ones,which was 3.1±0.8 vs 1.9±0.6.The SUV_(max) of primary renal tumors of the patients with distant metastasis was 7.7±3.7,compared with the 3.0±2.3 of those without distant metastasis, showing significant difference.Conclusion ~(18)F-FDG PET-CT has limited efficacy in the differential diagnosis of benign and malignant renal tumors.As F-FDG PET-CT is more likely to detected RCC with larger maximum diameters, higher Fuhrman grades and with distant metastasis,it is still helpful for patients with renal tumors,and can be used as a supplementary tool to conventional imaging.


The article is dedicated to the concept of glory, which should be placed among the main concepts of the world's folk epics. According to the author's analysis (undertaken through the axiological, comparative-historical, and historical-genetic methods), glory – as rendered in Homer's Iliad and Odyssey, The Mahābhārata, European and Oriental medieval epics, etc. – is most often related to the rumors about a concrete hero and emerges as a substitute of individual immortality or as a pledge of postmortem beatitude. Among nearly all known works of heroic poetry, only the Russian folk epics are fundamentally opposed to this interpretation: Bylinas don't treat glory as a specific attribute belonging to this or that hero, but as a collective virtue of all Russian knights – the one intended to deter foreign rulers from their invasions of Russia and to protect, in this earthly world, both the divine law and suffering people. Accordingly, the article provides a comparison between different works of heroic folklore and Russian bylinas, which enables both to interpret more fully the axiological structure of the epic tradition as such (the notions of glory, honor, boasting, and rumor – the ones still insufficiently analyzed in scholarly literature and defined more precisely in the present paper), and to determine the principal originality of the Russian folk epics, their unique position among other oral songs of similar nature. In particular, a comparison between the heroic songs of Christian Europe and Russian bylinas allows the author to argue confidently that precisely the latter incarnated (in the most original and profound way, at different levels of their artistic structure, including plot, motives, and imagery) the values and the ideas of Christianity, its spiritual and moral potential.


The populist economic system has been defeated by a liberal economic system that controls almost all countries, even though Indonesia has long known a populist-based economic system which pays attention to the culture of an Indonesian nation. Economic Democracy is taken from the values of the Indonesian Nation, the populist economic system has been in effect since 1998, at that time the government was determined to implement a populist economic system with the issuance of MPR Decree No. . Democracy is oriented towards development and various freedoms that are in favor of the interests of the people. people's economy is developed as an effort to further advance society. The method used is descriptive research method because this research aims to obtain answers related to one's opinions, responses or perceptions so that the discussion must be qualitative or use descriptive words. Descriptive research tries to find appropriate and adequate descriptions of all activities, objects, processes and people. The results of the study show that the concept of populist economy is carried out as a development strategy that prioritizes the welfare of the Empowerment community. populist economy can be realized by rearranging political institutions at the district level. Thus the issue of people's economic development cannot be separated from political institutions at the district level. For this reason, it must create a conducive political climate for people's economic development. SMEs, cooperatives, local and central government, food security supports the running of several people's economic activities in Indonesia, when the economic crisis hit Indonesia, large companies experienced a downfall and many went out of business, while SMEs and cooperatives remained strong and even existed at that time.


A modified Tamm-Dancoff approximation, developed in a previous paper, has been applied to even Ni and Sn isotopes. Detailed spectra, E2 transition strengths connecting various levels, and the quadrupole moment of the first excited 2 + level have been calculated and the trends of the results compared with experimental values. The method appears to be fairly satisfactory. It points to the necessity of more reliable information on the effective interaction, active single-particle orbitals, and single-particle radial functions in order that a dependable quantitative fit to the data can be achieved.


COMPLEXES of antigen and antibody (immune complexes) are capable of causing inflammatory injury.1 Many human diseases can now be attributed to the presence of immune complexes in tissues. Some examples are systemic lupus erythematosus, acute and chronic glomerulonephritis, rheumatoid arthritis, vasculitis, and tissue injury associated with a variety of infectious agents. Immune complexes are formed by the union of one or more antibody molecules with one or more antigen molecules. Once formed, the complex may activate cellular and humoral mediator systems that cause tissue injury. The means by which immune complexes develop in tissues has been determined in several experiments. . . .


Diverse calixarene 1,3-diketones including those having additional triazole or crown ether functionalities can be readily prepared by acylation of magnesium enolates of acetophenones with calixarene-based 1-acylbenzotriazoles.


Can the exercise of political leadership, which is meant to transcend laws, nevertheless, be governed by formal rules? This Article examines the relationship between the illiberal governance project and rule-based governance in the context of the Chinese Communist Party's internal "intraparty" regulations. In the past few years, Chinese Communist Party leaders have sought to strengthen the Party's political leadership by extending its discipline inspection mechanisms further into Chinese state organs. The Party leaders have also sought to regulate Party cadres' uses of power more closely through intraparty regulations. The efforts to strengthen the Party's political leadership through improving intraparty regulations point to a number of puzzling contradictions and even paradoxes in the illiberal governance project. Rules make the Party more governable and at least potentially limit space for corruption and other unsanctioned personal projects; but at the same time, they provide opportunities for resisting Party leadership and divide the Party into organizational departments with conflicting interests. This Article discusses such contradictions and paradoxes within the context of global illiberal political thought and argues that prominent solutions to the tension between illiberal political leadership and rule-based governance mask uncertainty about what illiberal political leadership actually entails.


This investigation was concerned with toxicity and bioconcentration of zinc and cobalt in three species of algae as reflected by growth inhibition, algal accumulation of metal, and percentage uptake. Although there was generally an overall growth decrease from lower to higher metal concentrations (with the exception of the 2x zinc concentration), increased uptake and concentration of metals occurred in all three algal species. Therefore, the lower cellular weights resulting from high metal concentrations were more effective in accumulating zinc and cobalt. Chlorella vulgaris had a higher percentage uptake of zinc but a lower percentage uptake of cobalt than did Euglena viridis and Pediastrum tetras. Chlorella vulgaris thrived in surprisingly high concentrations of zinc. Euglena viridis concentrated the greatest amount of zinc, while both P. tetras and E. viridis had a higher affinity for cobalt than did C. vulgaris. Concentration of metal to an extreme degree was evident in all species studied. The three species, therefore, could accumulate trace metals to an extent that might make them toxic in the food chain. Moreover, all test species could be effective as biological filters to help remove zinc and cobalt from polluted water.


PURPOSE: A communication module and a signal receiving method using the same are provided to improve low cost and packaging performance by enabling a module unit standard design and induce the simplification of a module by improving manufacturing and assembling performance. CONSTITUTION: An IR(Infrared Ray) receiver(20) receives an IR signal. An antenna(31) receives an RF(Radio Frequency) signal. The IR receiver and the antenna are formed into one module capable of mounting. The antenna is a PIFA(Planar Inverted F Antenna) receiving the RF signal of various frequency bands. The length of the PIFA antenna is varied according to a wavelength of a received frequency.


For a operating mine, the shaft was extended by using the ladderway which would not affect normal production on one hand, and offer such advantages as low capital expenditure, easy engineering and rapid excavation on the other. This paper presents the various engineering schemes and the construction procedures.


It is predicted that, by 1995, 10% of ordinary French bread will be produced from frozen dough. The objectives of this study were to examine parameters that directly influence French lean doughs destined to be frozen and to compare results with those obtained elsewhere with rich recipes. The production process proposed should improve dough stability through prolonged storage (three months or longer)


Enzymatic membrane reactors are widely used to produce protein hydrolysates. During the past few years, leaf extracts have been recognised as a good source of high quality protein. The interest in alfalfa protein concentrate (APC), a hydrophobic protein with excellent functional and nutritional properties, is due to its abundance, to its amino acid composition and to its ribulose 1,5-biphosphate carboxylase–oxygenase content. In order to use this potential protein source in various fields (food, pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries), a pilot process for APC hydrolysis in a continuous stirred tank membrane reactor (CSTMR) was carried out. At pH 9.5 and 40 °C, the hydrolysis of APC (30.6 g dm−3) by Delvolase (2.4 g dm−3) with a residence time of 180 min, gave a conversion of 759 g kg−1 protein at steady state. Coupling the reactor with an inorganic ultrafiltration membrane (Carbosep M5) with a 10 kDa nominal molecular weight cut-off (NMWCO), allowed production of a soluble and reproducible peptide permeate with 23 g dm−3 of hydrolysed protein. Phenolic compounds, responsible for the brown colour of the permeate, were removed at pH 5.0 and room temperature by anion-exchange chromatography using Amberlite IRA900Cl, with a yield of 920 g kg−1. After electrodialysis and spray-drying of the decolorised permeate, an alfalfa peptide isolate (API) was obtained. It was soluble over the full pH range and its amino acid composition was comparable to that of the FAO/WHO standard. It could be used as a protein supplement in human diets and other fields. Copyright © 2003 Society of Chemical Industry


This paper reports the use of single-factor and orthogonal array design methods to optimize the integrated ultrasonicassisted extraction and hydrolysis of anthocyanins in black soybeans prior to their HPLC quantification.The optimal conditions for extracting and hydrolyzing anthocyanins in black soybeans were determined to be:ultrasonic-assisted extraction for 20 minutes using 2 mol/L hydrochloric acid in a mixture of half methonol and half water(V/V),followed by hydrolysis for 40 minutes at 90 ℃.The mobile phase for HPLC quantification of anthocyanins in black soybeans was a mixture of 10% formic acid aqueous solution and acetonitrile and the detection wavelength was set at 520 nm.The HPLC method exhibited a good linearity over the range from 1 to 250 μg/mL for the determination of delphinidin(Dp),cyaniding(Cy) and peonidin(Pn),with a correlation coefficient of lager than 0.9999.The contents of Dp,Cy and Pn were(31.7340 ± 1.9538),(895.3267 ± 12.9120),(26.8699 ± 0.8815) mg/100 g in black soybean seed coat,and(1.0338 ± 0.0160),(76.6534 ± 0.2322),(2.1283 ± 0.3244) mg/100 g in whole black soybean,respectively.


The approval by the IEEE of the 802.11 Standard for wireless LANs has given the WLAN industry a needed boost. Manufacturers of WLAN systems are now cooperating in performing interoperability testing. Such testing is providing assurance that 802.11 compliant equipment purchased from one manufacturer will interoperate with 802.11 radios manufactured by other OEMs. This is an important consideration for MIS managers who desire to use WLAN technology to provide mobility with connectivity to their workforce.


Legged robots have great potential to travel across rough terrain, but they mostly move quite slow. This paper deals with the design and construction of a omni-directional seven degrees of freedom hexapod (i.e. six-legged) robot which is equipped with a horizontal coxa joint. The wheels can be used in flat terrain so the robot can reach higher speeds and additional coxa joint makes the robot more robust when climbing in rough terrain. The robot is controlled by terrain adaptive movement controller, which reacts on terrain difficulty and adjusts robot movement speed and gait.


The photoionization cross sections of the singly excited H2 states are calculated. The Coulomb approximation method utilizing the Temkin‐Vasavada electron H2+ scattering phase shifts is used. Cross sections of ∼1–2 × 10−17 cm2 are found for all states at threshold, the same range as found for H(n=2) atoms.


Earth observation data is an ideal platform for capturing change in biodiversity at various resolutions, both spatially and temporally, while GEOBON creates an explicit structure for monitoring biodiversity by proposing EBV candidates. It is not only important to generate remote sensing (RS)-enabled biodiversity products using high-resolution data, but more than ever, it is necessary to address the biodiversity loss at the global scale from satellite acquisitions. In this regard, under the biodiversity pilot of the NextGEOSS initiative, the ITC biodiversity community portal (http://nextgeoss.itc.utwente.nl/ebv/) provides a self-service framework to generate RS-enabled biodiversity products for better understanding of biodiversity loss and ecosystem changes for the remote sensing and biodiversity communities. In addition, the WENR Biodiversity community portal (https://www.synbiosys.alterra.nl/nextgeoss) applies the RS-enabled biodiversity products as predictors, as well as in situ vegetation plot data for EUNIS habitat suitability modelling. Different users, including research and development institutions, public and private stakeholders, and decision-makers, are also making use of these resources. Currently, users can access the ITC Biodiversity community portal to generate Leaf Area Index as an RS-enabled biodiversity product in GEOBON EBV class 'Ecosystem Function', and also as one of the most important vegetation biophysical variable on a global scale using high-resolution satellite data (Sentinel-2, 20m) processed online using Cloud services (Terradue Cloud service). Also, under the EuroGEOSS project, additional remote sensing biodiversity products (Net primary productivity, chlorophyll content, habitat type, and fragmentation) are being moved and mirrored from the ITC biodiversity community portal to the GEOBON biodiversity portal, where they will be permanently available for use by the biodiversity and remote sensing communities.


This study analyzes how American interns in Japanese companies use Japanese addressee honorifics to assimilate to new cultural and professional settings. Data are drawn from recorded interactions of interns' regular work activities and are supplemented with follow-up interviews. The analysis uses Interactional Sociolinguistics to link micro-level discursive practices revealed in records of interaction to macro-level ideologies revealed in interviews. Results suggest that interns use honorifics to conform to ideological beliefs regarding politeness and formality in Japanese companies. However, the analysis also reveals that such attempts to establish social belonging may become the very means by which an intern's foreign or outsider position is brought to the foreground. This happens as (i) overgeneralized ideologies lead to unnatural use of honorifics, (ii) appropriate use of honorifics triggers an 'other-ing' response from interlocutors, and (iii) interns use honorifics ironically to resist marginalization. This research contributes to an understanding of how foreigners establishing belonging in international workplaces, contending that belonging emerges in gradients, assimilation does not require 'native-like' speech, and attempts at conformity may be counterproductive.


The WHO/IUIS Allergen Nomenclature Sub-Committee (http://www.allergen.org/), an international body of experts, has developed an allergen nomenclature system to provide a common language for unambiguous communications between researchers, clinicians, pharmaceutical companies and regulatory authorities regarding specific allergenic proteins. Official allergen names are only assigned by the WHO/IUIS Nomenclature Sub-Committee once a new allergen has successfully undergone the submission and evaluation process. This article highlights the necessary steps to obtain an official allergen name and the high importance of having an official allergen nomenclature. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.


A formal method of exploitation based on the B method and component technology was proposed.The method unifies the component technology and formalized method,improves the software development method,thus enhances the software entrusting with heavy responsibility and well eliminates the system ambiguity,imperfection and nonuniformity.The software development efficiency is obviously enhanced.


F*="ai*qr .::* ghe mid-term review team (MTR) for II{DO-UK Projecr on Forage Producrion visited IGFRI during March 10-14, 1997. The purpose of the team was to take a strategic overview of progress to-date and to make recommendations for the future of the project. The team was led by Mr. Mike Wilson, Senior NR Advisor, BDCOD. The members of the team. were Mr. VUay Pillai, Economic Advisor, BDCOD, Dr. Roger Smith, Tropical Agricultural Research Consultant and Dr. Don Loch, principal Scientist, Department of Primary Industries, Queensland, Australia. The resource persons were Dr. Bhag Mal, Director, IGFRI and Technical Coordinator, Prof. Roger Haggar, Technical Coordinator and Ms" Maureen Peersofi, Project Manager, British Councitr"


In tropical Africa where the daily diet is dominated by starchy staples, African leafy vegetables (ALVs) are the cheapest and most readily available sources of proteins, vitamins, minerals and essential amino acids. Five leafy vegetable species (Amaranthus hybridus, Andasonia digitata, Ceiba patendra, Hibiscus sabdariffa and Vigna unguiculata) that are used as soup condiments in Northern Cote d'Ivoire were subjected to cooking in order to evaluate the effect of this processing method on their nutritive value and antioxidant properties. The result of the study revealed that longer time of cooking (higher than 15 min) caused negative impact by reducing nutritive value but positive impact by reducing anti-nutrients such as oxalates and phytates. The registered losses at 15 min were as follow: ash (9.41 – 62.87 %), proteins (11.33 - 36.24 %), vitamin C (33.33 – 82.14 %), carotenoids (69.17 - 100%), oxalates (27.23 – 59.10%) and phytates (40.29 – 91.03%).The average reduction at 15 min of cooking was 31.30 – 56.02 % for polyphenols content. Contrary to these reductions, a slight increase of fibres content was observed in the studied cooked leafy vegetables. Furthermore after 15 min, the residual contents of minerals were: calcium (139.10 – 314.46 mg/100g), magnesium (40.55 – 344.57 mg/100g), phosphorus (120.46 – 248.93 mg/100g), potassium (177.65 – 747.28 mg/100g), iron (18.62 – 34.31 mg/100g) and zinc (7.33 – 26.33 mg/100g). All these results suggest that the recommended time of domestic cooking must be less than 15 min for the studied leafy vegetables in order to contribute efficiently to the nutritional requirement and to the food security of Ivorian population.


The assessment of the follicular penetration of chemicals into the human skin is of high importance to topical and transdermal drug delivery, personal care, as well as risk assessment of chemical exposure. This is due to the significant contribution of the hair follicles to the penetration of chemicals through the epidermal barrier. The purpose of this work is to develop a two-dimensional pharmacokinetic model which will provide quantitative elucidation of the impact of the follicular pathway, in addition to the transcellular and intercellular routes, on a wide range of chemicals. The follicular pathway is modelled by diffusion in the sebum, which is assumed to completely fill the gap between the inner and outer root sheath. The model is capable of predicting the transdermal permeation kinetics by using built-in equations to estimate the input parameters (e.g. the partition and diffusion coefficients in various skin components). The model has been quantitatively or qualitatively compared to 18 experimental studies, and has demonstrated good predictive capability against the majority of the experimental data. Simulations across a wide chemical space have indicated that the follicular pathway has a greater impact on the penetration of lipophilic than hydrophilic chemicals. Additionally, the larger the molecular weight of the chemical, the greater the impact the hair follicle has on its penetration. The follicular impact has been quantified in various ways (e.g. amount penetrated, bioavailability, permeability difference). The developed model can provide new insight and detailed information regarding chemicals' disposition and localised delivery in lipid, corneocytes, viable dermis, dermis and the hair follicle.


Nucleation of either the α or γ polymorph of glycine takes place by the dominant existence of dimer or monomer molecular conformations in solution. The effect of the selective additive sodium nitrate on the nucleation behaviour of the α and γ polymorphs of glycine is investigated both by experimental and analytical approaches. Experimentally, in situ nucleation tests were performed to measure the induction period of nucleation, type of nucleation and their proportionate appearance in the presence of different concentrations of the additive in solution. The internal structure of the nucleated crystallites was confirmed by single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. Nucleation of α and γ glycine takes place through a charge compensation mechanism. The incorporation of various concentrations of the additive changes the supersaturation of the system, which in turn changes the induction period of nucleation. Nucleation of the γ polymorph occurs at a critical concentration of the additive. Analytically, the nucleation parameters, such as interfacial energy, volume excess free energy, critical radius, critical energy barrier and nucleation rate of the α and γ polymorphs, were estimated based on classical nucleation theory from the experimentally measured induction periods. Variation in these theoretically deduced nucleation parameters with respect to the supersaturation in the system coincides well with the experimentally observed variation of these parameters during the kinetic processes observed within the experimental conditions. This correlation between the experimental and theoretical evidences provides a deeper insight in enabling us to have a clear idea as to what exactly happens inside the system. Moreover, the probability nucleation ratio of the α and γ polymorphs, estimated by powder X-ray diffraction and DSC followed by their structural confirmations, coincides very well with the experimentally observed values.


Key parameters of a nanostructure modified porous silicon (PSi) template that can affect the development and performance of PSi-based sensors are considered. The importance of pore selection and direct in-situ nitrogen functionalization are emphasized. Metal oxide nanostructured island sites deposited to select, well defined, and reproducible nano-pore walled, micron sized p and n-type silicon pores (0.7–1.5 μ diameter) provide enhanced selectivity. The micron-sized pores facilitate rapid Fickian analyte diffusion to these highly active sites. The metal oxide nanoparticles are trapped by a thin nanopored wall covering preventing their sintering at elevated temperatures. The varying sensitivities of the highly active metal oxide nanostructured sites are well predicted within the recently developed Inverse Hard/Soft Acid/Base (IHSAB) model. Nitrogen functionalization of the nanostructure decorated surfaces provides the conversion of these PSi interfaces from hydrophilic to hydrophobic character. The decrease of water interaction provides greatly enhanced stability. Selectivity can be extended to the measurement of multiple gases using a combination of nanostructured island site determined detection matrices, p and n-type charge carrier variation, time dependent diffusion response, and pore structure influenced sensitivity. The range of variable responses is dominated by the molecular electronic structure of the nanostructured island sites as evaluated using the IHSAB concept. Pulsed mode operation can facilitate low analyte consumption and high analyte selectivity and further provide the ability to assess false positive signals using Fast Fourier Transfer techniques. The modeling of the PSi sensor response with a new Fermi energy distribution –based response isotherm is found to be superior to other isotherms. The rate of sensor response, linearity of measurement, and hysteresis of response are also considered within the framework of the decorated micron sized pore structure.


The solution of evolutionary Cauchy problems by means of Lie series expansion and its linkage to Pi card iteration method, is presented. Thanks to a Taylor transform and to the introduction of a differential Lie-Groebner operato r D, the initial generally non-linear and non-autonomous problem can be reduced to a linear one, whose solution is given in terms of t he Lie operator exp(tD). The Picard procedure applied to the Volterra integr al equation that turns out from the initial problem, can rigorously introduce generalized Lie series since its steps are the part ial sums of those series. INDING solutions to partial differential equations (PDEs), in a general, fast and efficient way, is as importa nt as it is a difficult task. In previous papers (1)-(8) we faced the problem to find out a unique method capable to solve evolut ionary PDEs, both linear and nonlinear, both autonomous and non- autonomous, under the constraint of analyticity reg arding the evolutionary operator, i.e. the transformed functio n of the unknown one were analytic, developable in a multiple power series of its arguments. We reached this goal by im proving and extending a method, based on Lie series, proposed b y W. Groebner and others in the 70's (9)-(11). Inspired by those ideas, we started a systematic st udy both aimed at a better theoretical foundation and at a p ractical applicability of that method. So we fixed what can be considered a generalization of the Groebner's appro ach. The present paper is a further step in that direction. In it we study the integration of a linear or nonlinear PDE of the evolutionary type in the Cauchy's formulation of the problem. Fo r the sake of simplicity of exposition, here we treat a two di mensional problem, but the method is easily extendible to hig her dimensions, to systems of equations and to boundary value problems, as we partly already showed and partly ar e going to show in future papers. Anyway, in this work we util ize the classical Picard's iteration procedure in order to construct the unique solution, whose components will remain represented by Lie series. In fact, as a standard result from nonlinear functi onal analysis, we know Picard's iteration gives a genera l theorem on the existence (and uniqueness) of the solution. Therefore we are going to revisit that approach in order to s how that the Picard's procedure is constructive also because, by our point of view, it allows to write the solution in explici t form by means of Lie series. Finally we stress from a practical point of view, t hat the improved method gives an approaching polynomial, in the frame of an integration by series, with the require d precision, to the solution to the assigned Cauchy problem, eve n in situations when other methods fail. We want to rema rk that here, at the end, we shall find a link between the Picard's


Canada has made considerable progress in achieving the ambitious 10-year goals to strengthen health care set out by the country's federal and provincial leaders in 2004, though it is too early to predict if those goals will ultimately be met, according to the Health Council of Canada.

"If we


This research investigates the processes of symbolic mediations by means of drama techniques in interventions of Community Psychology, aiming to understand and articulate theoretically drama and questions related to art and playing. The psychic functioning was understood from Historical Cultural Theory. This empirical study was conducted from an intervention in Community Psychology with a group of youngsters from an NGO in Fortaleza, Ceara. The intervention situation analyzed was filmed. The analysis procedure was taken as constructive, interpretative intending to produce evidences that allowed to trace nexus of intelligibility facing the phenomena studied. The results appoint to the constructions made possible from drama, understanding that drama may objectify not only an individual experience, but also represents a way of life passed through the place history and the social interactions established, as well as it opens space for a new elaboration of the experience as a creator act.


firmed this conclusion. vermiculite in soils from the acid igneous rocks is high in Alzoa: Al3+ substitutes for si,+ in tetrahedral positions in the same order of magnitude as in micas, and AIB+ is the dominant octahedral ion. vermiculite in soils derived from basic igneous rocks is high in Sio2: only Sia+ occupies the tetrahedral positions, and psa+ and Mgz+ are the dom1 Permanent address: College of Agriculture, University of Atexandria, U.A R.


In this paper, the stochastic chaos of the stochastic Bonhoeffer-Van der Pol system with bounded random parameter and its control by noise are investigated. The stochastic Bonhoeffer-Van der Pol system is first transformed into an equivalent deterministic system using the Chebyshev polynomial approximation, so that the problem of controlling stochastic chaos is reduced to the problem of controlling deterministic chaos in the equivalent system. Thus, the top Lyapunov exponent of the equivalent system can be used to examine the chaotic behavior and its control of the responses. The numerical simulations show that the chaos behavior in the stochastic Bonhoeffer-Van der Pol system is by and large similar to that in the equivalent deterministic Bonhoeffer-Van der Pol system. The chaos behavior can be controlled to the periodic states by noise, but under the effect of the random parameter and its intensity, it has cortain specific features.


In the practice of the course Professional Laws and Regulations teaching of the strdents major in resource and environment and program management of city and country,we held a discussion and let the students go to the platform in classroom in order to promote the students' legal concept and social responsibility.


We study the vibrational frequency, the ground-state energy and the ground-state binding energy of the strong-coupling impurity bound magnetopolaron in an anisotropic quantum dot. The effects of the transverse and longitudinal effective confinement lengths, the electron–phonon coupling strength, the cyclotron frequency of a magnetic field and the Coulomb bound potential are taken into consideration by using an linear combination operator and unitary transformation methods. It is found that the vibrational frequency, the ground-state energy and the ground-state binding energy will increase rapidly with decreasing confinement lengths. The vibrational frequency is an increasing function of the Coulomb bound potential, the electron–phonon coupling strength and cyclotron frequency, whereas the ground-state energy is a decreasing function of the potential and coupling strength, and the ground-state binding energy is an increasing function of the potential and coupling strength. The ground-state energy and the ground-state binding energy increases with increasing cyclotron frequency.


The application of brush plating on H-6000-crusher cone axis was introduced,and the process and conditions during brush plating were obtained.The use of repaired proof shows that:cone axis of brush-coating and the combination of strength,wear resistance can meet the H-6000-crusher in heavy,the impact load,power transmission,high-frequency vibration,dust and other harsh environment of the normal work.


The reaction between zinc(II) acetate with the similar tridentate Schiff bases 4-chloro-2-[(2-ethylaminoethylimino) methyl]phenol (HL1) and 4-chloro-2-[(2-isopropylaminoethylimino)methyl]phenol (HL2), produces two trinuclear zinc(II) complexes, [Zn{Zn(L1)(μ2-acetato-O,O)(μ2-acetato-O,O′)}2] (1), and [ZnZn(L2)(μ 2 -acetato-O,O)(μ2-acetato-O,O′)2] (2), in which two deprotonated Schiff base ligands are coordinate to three zinc(II) atoms, one hexa- and the other two penta-coordinate via the phenolic oxygen, imine nitrogen and amine nitrogen atoms. The coordination spheres of the zinc atoms being completed by acetate oxygen atoms. Two of the acetate groups bridge adjacent two zinc atoms via single oxygen atoms, while the other two bridge adjacent two zinc atoms via both oxygen atoms. In each of the complexes, the central Zn atom is located on an inversion center and has an octahedral coordination. The coordination around the terminal Zn atoms may be regarded as midway between trigonal-bipyramidal and square-pyramidal. The Zn…Zn distances are 3.060(2) Å in (1), and 3.059(2) Å in (2), respectively.


printing supported by . Visit Chiesi at Stand D.30 MONDAY, SEPTEMBER 26TH 2011 great interest whether these 2 distinct symptoms would point to different exercise limiting mechanisms. Aim of the present study was to evaluate potentially differences in dynamic hyperinflation and peripheral muscle strength between patients stopping exercise because of intolerable dyspnoea (D) or leg discomfort (L). Methods: 496 patients with COPD (GOLD II-IV) performed a constant work rate cycle test at 75% of maximal power output till exhaustion. Ventilatory variables including inspiratory capacity (IC) were measured during this test. In addition, maximal peripheral muscle strength of the quadriceps (QF) was measured using a hand-held dynamometer. Because the prevalence of exercise limiting factors related to FEV1, analysis of variance was performed for each GOLD class separately.


Taro tubers potentially serve as functional foods with significant health benefits, due to their abundant oligosaccharides. The substance is a potential raw material in flour production, as a result of their high starch composition of approximately 70%. The purpose of this research, therefore, was to determine the physical properties of chevon meatballs, comprising of various levels of taro substitutes as fillers. The materials involved were the thighs of the meat sample and taro flour. Additional ingredients consisted of ice, tapioca flour, pepper, salt, MSG, egg white, and garlic. Meatballs were produced from chevon with 10% flour as filler, in the form of tapioca and taro, with successive composition ratio of 10:0 (P0), 7.5:2.5 (P1), 5:5 (P2), 2.5:7.5 (P3), and 0:10 (P4). Data assessments were subsequently conducted, using analysis of variance (ANOVA). The results showed that the use of taro flour filler up to a level 10% did not affect the cooking loss of chevon meatballs, with exception in pH, water holding capacity (WHC) and tenderness. Consequently, the addition of filler ratio of 0:10 (tapioca:taro) tended to boost the pH, while reducing the WHC and tenderness. Moreover, the WHC increased by using tapioca and taro flours with a ratio of 5:5 (P2), compared to 7.5:2.5 (P1), 2.5:7.5 (P3), and 0:10 (P4). Furthermore, a considerable improvement in meatball tenderness was observed by the inclusion of P2 filler ratio, compared to utilizing tapioca and taro flours at 2.5:7.5 (P3) and 0:10 (P4). In summary, taro flour was feasibly applied in chevon meatball preparation up to a level of 5%, while retaining the physical properties.


Akshaya project aims to 'Bridge the Digital Divide' by enabling thousands of ordinary citizens to access relevant information in the local language over the internet. The main objective of Akshaya is to develop a comprehensive digital network. The article based on the study which analysed how far Akshaya helps in the e-literacy programme.


This paper presents the design of an isolated gate driver system using a low volt-second differential pulse scheme to enable the use of a thin-film magnetics-on-silicon coupled solenoid transformer. The transformer was designed for a CMOS compatible back-end-of-line (BEOL) process to ultimately enable monolithic integration with the gate driver. The transformer enables primary side or functional isolation of the gate driver with very low propagation delay and low CIO. The design of a prototype custom 130 nm CMOS gate-driver signal-coupling chipset around this transformer achieved operation with sub 10 V.ns gate driver signal pulses. The prototype system simulated a common-mode transient immunity (CMTI) to a switch-node slewing rate of 34 V/ns but simulations on an improved design achieved CMTI of 200 V/ ns. The gate driver system design presented is applicable for advanced heterogeneous integration of thin-film magnetically isolated gate driver chipsets for a variety of power switch technologies including DMOS, GaN, and SiC.


Abstract Community development was applied as the training methodology and learned as the subject matter of an experimental Master's program offered by Community Development Services, Southern Illinois University at Carbondale. The methodology consisted of six community development training principles. Tests and informal evaluations indicated that students taking the experimental program learned as much or perhaps more about community development than did students taking the regular Master's program. The success of the experimental program and the principles which characterized it should alert educators in community development and other social science disciplines to the advantages of similar experiments and innnovations within their own programs.


PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to explore and analyse interfaces between scholarly and science communication practices by using the production of open letters on climate change as a point of departure. Furthermore, the paper highlights an understudied form of science communication – open letters.Design/methodology/approachThe material consists of nine open letters on climate change, written and signed by academics and published in 2018–2019, as well as 13 semi-structured interviews with the initiators and co-authors of the letters. The interviews were analysed by qualitative thematic analysis and grouped into thematic clusters.FindingsThe study finds that three practices used in scholarly communication – more specifically: peer review, professional community building and, to a certain extent, communication as "merit-making" – are central in the making of the open letters, illustrating an integration of scholarly communication practices in academic science communication activities.Social implicationsThe study suggests that the conflation of communication practices needs to be seen in relation to larger structural changes in the academic working environment, as well as in relation to the specific environment in which communication about climate change occurs.Originality/valueThis study contends that the proposed conflation between scholarly and science communication concerns not only texts and genres but also practices integral to contemporary science, thereby conflating the forms of communication at a practical level.


Some insights are given which were gained by one user through experience with the use of the ADIFOR 2.0D software for automatic differentiation of Fortran code. These insights are generally in the area of the user interface with the generated derivative code - particularly the actual form of the interface and the use of derivative objects, including "seed" matrices. Some remarks are given as to how to iterate application of ADIFOR in order to generate second derivative code.


This is the first example of a solvent effect on fluorinated
product selectivity; anodic fluorination of 4-arylthio-1,3-dioxolan-2-ones
in CH2Cl2 containing a fluoride supporting
electrolyte using an undivided cell provided the fluorodesulfurization
product, 4-fluoro-1,3-dioxolan-2-one preferentially while anodic
fluorination in DME resulted in α-fluorination, without
desulfurization, selectively.


As employees' behaviour is a crucial factor for organizational success, the question on how to promote the engagement of employees in their work and boost their implication in the innovation process is central for companies. In this article we study this question building on the Karasek model suggesting that employees in jobs with high autonomy and time pressure will be more engaged and more innovative. The results of the multi-level regression analyses confirm that such a combination is associated with high employee innovation. For work engagement, the job autonomy helps in buffering the negative effects of time pressure.


For several years I have worked upon bismuth ores of varying richness for the extraction of the bismuth they contain, and I have already communicated the results to the Royal Society. Many, if not most of these ores, contained traces of tellurium. Tellurium has a marked tendency to associate itself with bismuth, as silver may be said to do with lead, or phosphorus with iron, and accordingly the crude bismuth extracted from these ores invariably contained small quantities of tellurium, which was reduced together with the bismuth, and was found to exist in it in a greater proportion than in the ores.


It has been recently argued that inserting a probe $\overline{\mathrm{D}3}$-brane in a flux background breaks supersymmetry spontaneously instead of explicitly, as previously thought. In this paper we argue that such spontaneous breaking of supersymmetry persists even when the probe $\overline{\mathrm{D}3}$-brane is kept in a curved background with an internal space that does not have to be a Calabi-Yau manifold. To show this we take a specific curved background generated by fractional 3-branes and fluxes on a non-K\"ahler resolved conifold where supersymmetry breaking appears directly from certain worldvolume fermions becoming massive. In fact this turns out to be a generic property even if we change the dimensionality of the antibrane, or allow higher-order fermionic interactions on the antibrane. We argue for the former by taking a probe $\overline{\mathrm{D}7}$-brane in a flux background and demonstrate the spontaneous breaking of supersymmetry using worldvolume fermions. We argue for the latter by constructing an all-order fermionic action for the $\overline{\mathrm{D}3}$-brane from which the spontaneous nature of supersymmetry breaking can be demonstrated by bringing it to a $\ensuremath{\kappa}$-symmetric form.


Introduction: Ankle joint fractures are commonly encountered by orthopedic surgeons. Fractures are result of twisting and sport injuries. Ankle joint is maximum weight bearing joint of body and has maximum load per unit surface as compared to other joints. Minimum soft tissue coverage around ankle joint makes it susceptible to injury. The aim of the study was to figure out modalities available for ankle fractures surgical management and their outcomes on early mobilization. Materials and Methods: It was a prospective hospital based analytical study. Total 30 ankle joint fracture cases (preferably malleolar fractures) occurred in a period of 2 years were selected for surgical treatment and assessment. Minimum follow up period was of 5 months to a maximum of 1 and half years. Symptoms and functions were assessed using scoring system of Olerud and Molander. Complications were noted followed by assessing of results. Results: Twisting injuries and Road Traffic Accidents were found to be trivial for around ankle joint fractures. Twenty seven fractures were found to be united in a satisfactory manner at an average of 13 weeks. Functional outcome was excellent in most of the patients. Pronation Abduction and Supination Adduction are common causes of fractures according to Lauge Hansen's classification. Only 2 patients had complication of wound infection. 27 of the 30 patients had more than satisfactory results. Conclusion: Open surgical reduction and stabilized internal fixation are treatment methods which lend valuable results in form of early mobilization, faster rehabilitation and swift return of function.


This study was supported by AstraZeneca P5547 | BEDSIDE Early and late changes of multi-marker panel in patients with STEMI angioplasty Background: Post-infarction remodeling is strongly linked with collagen turnover which is influenced mostly by oxidative stress and inflammation, the last being, according to our previous data, triggered by early infiltrated neutrophils (24–48 h) followed by accumulation of macrophages M1 (72 h) and M2 (7–14 days). Aim: Evaluation of circulating markers of inflammation and oxidative stress in the different periods of 1 year follow up post-infarct evolution: first 2 weeks (each day), 1st month (synthesis of collagen type III), 3rd month (synthesis of collagen type I), 6 and 12 months. Material and methods: Study was performed in 47 patients (age range of 37–68 years) with STEMI exposed to angioplasty ( < 12 hours). Circulating levels of 28 markers were determined at admission, 1, 2, 3 ... 14 days, 1, 3, 6 and 12 months. Obtained results were compared with control value of markers determined in 17 apparently healthy persons and admission level (before PCI). Results: The earliest (first 24 h) significant change was inherent to MMP-8, whose double elevation (averagely from 3,1 up to 6,4 ng/ml) corresponded to period of neutrophil infiltration (24–48 h). Serum levels of IL-1, IL-6 have raised significantly since 48 h, followed by authentic increase of TNF-alpha, IL- 8, CRPhs and phospholipase A2 since 72 h. Up to a period of 7 days these markers remained increased, but toward 14th day fell by 24–46% arguably due to macrophage M2 activation. This is consistent to dynamics of anti-inflammatory markers, IL-4 and IL-10 Background: Recentstudiesshowthatlowmolecularweightheparin(LMWH)of- fers pharmacological and practical advantages over unfractionated heparin (UFH) in acute myocardial infarction (AMI). However, few data exist on the comparison of long-term clinical outcomes between LMWH and UFH in patients with AMI. Methods: We compared the impact of LMWH to UFH therapy on the long-term clinical outcomes in patient with AMI enrolled in the Convergent Registry of Catholic and Chonnam University for Introduction: permeability propensity infiltration leukocytes. The N-AcetylCysteine In Acute My- ocardial infarction (NACIAM) trial (a double-blind, placebo-controlled investiga-tion of the effects of high-dose intravenous N-acetylcysteine [NAC] in PCI-treated acute myocardial infarction [AMI] receiving low-dose glyceryl trinitrate [GTN]) pro-vided a basis to investigate glycocalyx "shedding" during evolving AMI, and its interactions with NAC therapy. Hypotheses: (a) Glycocalyx shedding emerges post-reperfusion in patients with AMI, and reflects myocardial area at risk. Methods: Patients (n=102) with AMI and ST-segment elevation (STEMI) were evaluated at admission and 3 hours thereafter, having undergone PCI. Ran-domized therapy was NAC (15g/day) or identical placebo, with GTN infused at 2.5 μ g/min, for 48 hours. Infarct size, myocardial area at risk (AAR), and myocardial salvage were determined by cardiac magnetic resonance imaging. Plasma concentrations of the glycocalyx marker, syndecan-1 (CD138), were determined by ELISA. Data were subjected to univariate followed by multivariate analyses. Results: Overall, there was a significant increase in plasma CD138 concentrations (median 60 [42, 92]ng/ml pre-PCI vs. 396 [224, 646] post-PCI, p < 0.001). There were no correlates of baseline plasma CD138 concentrations, including AAR, pre-PCI TIMI flow and duration of ischaemia. Extent of ( (cid:2) CD138) rises post-PCI correlated directly with AAR (r=0.279, p < 0.05), and was greater fol- lowing NAC treatment vs. placebo (411±37 vs. 316±30, p < 0.05), an interaction evaluated by ANCOVA (see figure). Multivariate analysis confirmed AAR as a sig- nificant determinant of increase in plasma syndecan-1 levels ( β =0.291, p < 0.05). Conclusions: These data suggest that the rate of CD138 release into plasma fol- lowing reperfusion of STEMI patients reflects both washout following greater activation of matrix metalloproteinases in patients with potentially large infarcts, and a washout phenomenon, reflecting the effects of NAC in potentiating the reperfusion process. Background: Hypertension is the most important preventable cause of ST- Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction (STEMI). The objective was to assess the association between hypertension and culprit lesion morphology in patients with STEMI using optical coherence tomography (OCT). Materials and methods: 120 culprit lesions from 120 patients with STEMI who underwent OCT imaging were divided into 2 groups based on the presence or absence of hypertension. Culprit lesions characteristics were compared between hypertension and non-hypertension groups. Results: 55 culprit lesions were in hypertension group and 65 culprit lesions were in non-hypertension group. There was no significantly difference in clinical characteristics between these two groups.Culprit lesions with hypertension had higher incidence of plaque rupture (74.1% vs. 51.6%, p=0.012), thin-cap fibro-atheroma (68.5% vs. 47.6%, p=0.023), and lower incidence of plaque erosion (25.9% vs. 46.9%, p=0.019). In addition, the minmal fibrous cap thickness (56.8±14.1 vs. 75.9±43.6, p < 0.001) was thinner in hypertension group. Conclusions: Our analysis showed high rates of plaque rupture and TCFA de-tected by OCT in STEMI patients with hypertension. Plaque rupture and TCFA seems to be the mechanism of myocardial infarction in hypertensive patients. Background: Several scoring systems have been developed to predict the prog- nosis of patients with an acute coronary syndomes. CHAD2DS2VASc Score was designed to estimate thromboembolic events in atrial fibrilation, nevertheless the components of this score include known coronary risk factors. Objectives: The aim of this is study to analyse the the long-term predictive value in all-cause mortality of the CHAD2DS2Vasc score in a population of STEMI patients undergoing primary PCI compared with the GRACE score. Methods: From January 2008 to December 2015, 1507 consecutive patients with STEMI diagnosis who underwent primary-PCI Introduction: Obesity has been suggested as a protective factor in several chronic pathologies, namely in heart failure. Some evidence suggests that low-grade chronic inflammation, as in obesity, can protect heart against acute inflam- mation and ischemia. However, the impact of the obesity paradox in AMI is still matter of debate. Aim: Evaluation of prognostic value of body mass índex (BMI) on in-hospital car- diovascular mortality in patients admitted with AMI. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 2178 patients who were admitted to our coronary care unit with AMI. Three groups were created based on BMI: i) normal (N; IMC < 25 kg/m 2 ); ii) overweight (Ow; ≥ 25 IMC < 30 kg/m 2 ); iii) obesity (Ob; IMC ≥ 30 kg/m 2 ). Clinical and laboratory features, treatment and adverse events were compared between groups. The primary outcome was in-hospital cardio- vascular death (IH-CVD). Results: We observed an inverse association between BMI and age (N 65.1±14.2; Ow 64.3±12.9; Ob 62.1±12.7 years; p < 0.001) and a direct association with main cardiovascular risk factors, namely diabetes mellitus (N 18.2; Ow 28.3; Ob 34.6%; p < 0.001), hypertension (N 55.3; Ow 66.2; Ob 67.7%; p < 0.001) and dyslipidemia (N 47.9; Ow 58.2; Ob 59.7%; p < 0.001), with a predominance of male gender in all groups (N 73.2; EP 81.5; Ob 75.9%; p < 0.001). At admission, no differences were observed regarding hemodynamic parameters (blood pressure, heart rate and left ventricle ejection fraction) or clinical presentation (Killip class). Patients with lower BMI presented more often with STEMI (N 52.3; Ow 48.2; Ob 42.5%; Background: The management of myocardial infarction with ST-segment eleva- tion (STEMI) underwent major changes in recent years. The single most significant advance was a wider use of primary percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI). However, there were other important changes in STEMI patients treatment including improvements in PCI techniques, devices or concomitant pharma-Downloaded


The aim of this article is to analyze the emergence of worker-owned platforms—whether cooperatives or collectives—as a laboratory of platform labor, considering the circulation of workers' struggles. The research involves six cases in three different countries (Spain, France, Brazil) according to the following dimensions: productive processes and work organization, technological challenges and building platforms, use of social media to communicate with and organize workers, cooperation among cooperatives, and the future of worker-owned experiences. The analysis highlights that, despite different contexts, there are issues in common, such as the low number of workers, the central role of social media for communicating and organizing work, and the emergence of cooperation among cooperatives. This is an ongoing and emerging process that can be the beginning of a broader process of reinventing local economic circuits of production and consumption that involves digital platforms for the common good.


While survival of premature infants has greatly increased in the last decades, prematurity is still a major cause of mortality and subsequent physical and developmental disabilities despite advances in neonatal care. A correct evaluation of their postnatal growth is nowadays of primary concern, although optimal nutrition is not well-defined and their growth patterns differ markedly from that of full-term infants. Efforts to characterize the variables affecting neonatal outcomes have focused primarily on patient characteristics including birth weight, gender, race, gestational age, and markers of illness severity... but a detailed understanding at the protein level is still missing. Recent advances in human proteomics will open new perspectives in premature management. The human proteome, the protein counterpart to the genome, is dynamic and signals a precise physiologic state. Proteomic techniques like two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE) and mass spectrometry (MS) are pivotal in the identification of human sera proteins. Human proteome development was studied from early neonatal stages to fulltime gestational development, using pooled sera of 232 neonates of the following weights at birth: 3500g, n=25. Blood samples were drawn into Vacutainer® SST tube and sera immediately frozen at -86 oC until use. Protocols were optimized for sera preparation, and first (IEF, pH 4-7) and second dimension separations (SDS-PAGE, 18cm). Samples were run in triplicate and gel images analyzed with Proteomweaver (Bio-Rad®). Different time-course protein patterns were recognized with several differential peaks, at extremely low birth weight (401-999g), very low (1000-1499g), low (1500-2499g), and normal birth weights (2500-3500g). Identification and quantification of sera proteins and their time-course patterns will allow a new approach in neonatology, starting from the application of proteomic data to discover new protein biomarkers to finally reach a significant decrease of neonatal mortality rate.


Polyphosphates are commonly used as food additives in meat and meat products, but excessive intake of phosphate may do harm to human health. Different forms of polyphosphates can be determined by ion chromatography method simultaneously. However, due to the rapid decomposition of polyphosphates in meat products, it is hard to detect the amount of polyphosphates in meat products. This paper introduces recent research achievements on ion chromatographic determination of polyphosphates in meat and meat products, which will have some practical significance to choose suitable method for the determination of actual samples.


Dr. Jodi Halpern has written a remarkable book articulating a view of clinical empathy that has practical and philosophical implications for all helping professionals, as well as for normative and relational ethics within the helping professions. Dr. Halpern first carefully deconstructs a detached insight view of empathy (an intellectualist view) and empathy as sympathetic merger between two persons.


Doi's recent letter on empirical weighting versus natural (unweighted analysis) [1] is right on target and supports the contention that the model must be clearly stated. Under methods currently stated by most as their model, only the unweighted estimate leads to unbiased estimates for the mean. The writer also points out that the mean square error is what really needs to be minimized in real applications. There are two points that need to be noted in this author's reply to the Doi letter: (i) Mean square error is very tricky to assess relative to variance. The contribution of the square of the bias must converge to zero in order to have a consistent estimator. (ii) The paper by Shuster, Guo, and Skylar [2] provides definitions for study level and subject level means that can be estimated, as well as for two forms of random effects definitions (a: effects at random and b: studies at random). They are defined for general meta-analysis, even though the paper applies to combining low event rate binomial clinical trials. In short, the Doi letter supports the concept of bias for the classical model parameterization when weights are unequal. Alternative model parameters, such as patient level weighting, are feasible but must be predefined as such.


Designing principle and calculating method for rectifying device in separated-e xcition system with diode rectifier in turbogenerator are described.An overview of parameters and operating condition of a new type of rectifier is presented.


The ductus arteriosus is a structure that connects the pulmonary arch to the aorta during the fetal life of mammals. This ductus allows arterial blood to bypass the unexpanded lung. The absence of closure of this channel characterizes the persistence of the ductus arteriosus. The aim of this study was to describe a case of persistent ductus arteriosus (PDA) in a four-day-old crossbred heifer. The animal had apathy, decubitus and anorexia. The clinical signs evolved to severe dyspnea and death of the animal. Necropsy was performed in which PDA was observed. It has been mentioned that PDA is uncommon in ruminants when compared to dogs. However, some authors suggest that the lack of diagnosis in large animals, especially in ruminants, makes this disease a rare condition. In humans and small animals, the treatment of PDA is surgical. However, there are no reports of this treatment for cattle. PDA in calves should be included in the differential diagnosis of animals with severe dyspnea shortly after birth.


The semi‐analytical integration of an 8‐node plane strain finite element stiffness matrix is presented in this work. The element is assumed to be super‐parametric, having straight sides. Before carrying out the integration, the integral expressions are classified into several groups, thus avoiding duplication of calculations. Symbolic manipulation and integration is used to obtain the basic formulae to evaluate the stiffness matrix. Then, the resulting expressions are postprocessed, optimized, and simplified in order to reduce the computation time. Maple symbolic‐manipulation software was used to generate the closed expressions and to develop the corresponding Fortran code. Comparisons between semi‐analytical integration and numerical integration were made. It was demonstrated that semi‐analytical integration required less CPU time than conventional numerical integration (using Gaussian‐Legendre quadrature) to obtain the stiffness matrix. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Numer Methods Partial Differential Eq, 2006


The neuropathological hallmarks of Alzheimer Disease (AD) are neurofibrillar tangles composed of tau protein and neuritic plaques containing the amyloid beta-peptide (Abeta) that is derived from proteolytic processing of the amyloid precursor protein (APP). Proline is the sole alpha-imino acid in nature's repertoire and, therefore, the only peptide residue that can exist in cis or trans conformation. When phosphorylated on serine or threonine found adjacent to proline, both tau and APP undergo conformational changes that promote the formation of tangles and, in the case of APP, processing to Abeta. Now, new findings on the role of the Pin1, a peptidyl-prolyl cis/trans isomerase (PPIase) that catalyzes rotation of the protein backbone at proline residues, appear to indicate that Pin1 binds to and isomerizes distinct proline residues located in the commonly found phospho-Ser/Thr-Pro motif within APP to detangle APP fibers.Interestingly, the expression of Pin1 is decreased in degenerating neurons of AD patients and causes age-dependent neurodegeneration when deleted in mice.


The imaginary part of the self-energy of a two-dimensional layered electronic gas with disorder has been calculated using the Fermi-liquid approach. The linear dependence of frequency or temperature obtained at the intermediate interlayer distances have been corrected with the terms containing the scattering time 1/\ensuremath{\tau}. In the limit ${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\tau}}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}1}$\ensuremath{\rightarrow}0 all the cases obtained for the pure electron gas have been obtained. The correction given by the interaction of electrons with plasmons that contain the disorder effect can change the energy scale of the excitations, which in the pure case is the scale of the Fermi liquid.


- Network is becoming more and more complex and raises security issues. Networks are subject to attacks from malicious sources. Now a days, complexity of network security reaches to the edge of detecting intellectual attacks on network. Some shortcomings in the current systems disclose the requirement to design a new production of systems modified for dynamical environment. Generally, a network security system usually contains many components. Ideally, all components work together, which minimizes maintenance and improves security. Security management for networks is different for all kinds of situations. Active network is all about flowing of data packets through a network of telecommunication. In our paper, we first report to the active networks. Then, we discuss some new technologies of active networks in congestion control and network management. Second, we address issues of security in active network and the techniques for solving and implementing it and third, to create network services using the genetic algorithms of real-time within the network.


The article is devoted to the description of strategies for learning content differentiation in teaching language for specific purposes. The authors of the article substantiate the choice of an integrative approach as fundamen-tal in the organisation of teaching language for specific purposes in high school. The article describes the classification of existing majors in high school, as well as identifies three levels of career-oriented learning content differentiation, correlated with strategies. The authors provide examples of the implementation of strategies of learning content differentiation at the level of type of the exercise, at the level of content of the exercise and at the level of type and content of the exercise. The results of the testing of the set of differentiated exercises prove the effectiveness of the strategies described in the article. In addition, the content of this article can be used to design alternative educational courses.


It has long been claimed that there is a critical or sensitive period (or periods) for language acquisition, a period with lower and upper bounds during which language acquisition is best achieved (e.g., Lenneberg 1967; Penfield and Roberts 1959). The idea is that there is a time period which is optimal for language acquisition (both native and non-native) and that tmly successful acquisition is impossible thereafter. Attempts to learn language after the end of the critical period are claimed to be less successful, such that the outcome of adult language leatning may be very different from the outcome of childhood language acquisition. ln other words, the end of the critical period has a negative impact on second language acquisition by older learners. The actual point at which the critical period is thought to come to an end is. subject to debate. For example, according to Long (1990), the decline in language learning abilities begins as early as age 6, whereas other researchers place it later, often around the age of puberty (e.g., Lenneberg 1967). On the other hand, some researchers argue that there is in fact no critical period fbr L2 learners (e.g., Bialystok and Hakuta 1994; Birdsong 1999; Herschensohn 2007), or that there are more general maturational effects which do not necessarily implicate a critical period as such (e.g., Johnson and Newport 1991). Claims regarding a critical period as far as L2 are concerned are not simply.claims al)out the course or difficulty of acquisition. in other words, the claim is not restricted to the view that language learning abilities decline with age. According to some researchers at least, the eventual outcome of the L2 acquisition process is affected, such that ultimate attainment of L2 learners and speakers (hencefonh, L2ers) in various areas of grammar will necessarily differ from native speakers. Often,.ultimate attainment is described fairly generally-for example, in terms of whether L2 proficiency appears native-like or not-and tested by means of rather global criteria (e.g., Patkowski 1980). For researchers vvho fbcus more specifically on the exact nature of L2 grarrrrnars, the claim has been that L2ers end ' up with representations that are in some sense `defective'


On July 13,2003,a foundation rock landslide with total volume of about 2.04×107 m3 happened in Qianjiangping on the left bank of Qinggan River in Zigui County located in the Three Gorges Reservoir area.Intensive attention has been aroused for the geologic features and startup mechanism of the landslide because it located in the Three Gorges Reservoir area and happened in the time no more than 2 weeks after the storage of the Three Gorges Reservoir up to 135 m elevation.On the basis of field investigation on the general geological conditions and its mechanical parameters of the actual landslide,and with advantages of real time variable employment and large discontinuous deformation simulation in the method of discontinuous deformation analysis(DDA),the startup criterion for a landslide using DDA numerical modeling has been studied;and the numerical simulation of the startup and whole failure process of the landslide has been carried out by use of DDA method.It is shown that the main reason of Qianjiangping landslide is the reduction of mechanical parameters of controlled sliding surfaces in the landslide body resulted from rainfall and rise of reservoir water level.The landslide belongs to thrust load caused landslide.Compared to the actual process characteristics of the Qiangjiangping landslide,the maximum landslide velocity,and the maximum slide distance are quite reasonable and acceptable.The total duration of the landslide obtained by DDA modelling is about 40 s.In addition,the methods adopted in this paper supply a new approach for stability study of landslide or other geotechnical engineering.


Foreign investment of Changzhou enterprises adapts the objective needs of the bidirectional flow law of international investment,accords with the law of industrial structural development,is also a necessary move of saving energy,reducing pollutants discharge and answering new trade protectionism.For the fast development of foreign investment,the government should give service to the whole course of foreign investment of the enterprises;the enterprises should carry out the strategy of their native talents,develop their own brands and establish the international marketing network actively.


This device uses the way of winding with flexible rope to grab the rescued objects.It can reduce the possibility of injury caused by the rigid items and rescue the people in a coma.The clever use of the slide-crank mechanism and pulley,a couple of ratchets and the structure that combining compression spring within the tubular rod with the flexible rope makes the device small,light,cheap and convenient operation in the wild without other power support.The simulation tests prove the safety and reliability.And the rapidity of flexible rope's winding and loosing can improve the rescue success rate.


This research measured 18 physique factors (body weight, standing height, sitting height, girth of head, girth of neck, girth of waist, girth of thigh, girth of the calf of the leg, girth of ankle, strethch of arms, length of hand, length of foot, girth of forearm and length of leg) and 15 physical fitness factors(trunk flexion, back strength, left-hand grip strength, right-hand grip strength, trunk extention, 30m speed, 100m speed, 400m speed, 800m speed, pull-up.standing board jump, sargent or vertical jump, side step test, burpee test and vertical jump reaction time) to show the co-relation among the factors of competition cpmpetence, physique and physical fitness. For competition competence, we used the one-year results of wrestlers from the first to the fifth of national matches. The numbers of wrestlers that were used was 28. To sum up the results of the research according to the statistic co-relation, the physique excellent freestyle wrestlers are tall sitting height, small grith of the calf of the leg, thick girth of neck, small girth of head, thick girth of wrist. And there were no physical fitness characteristics. Excellent Greco-roman wrestlers and this physical fitmess characteristics are strong back strength, fast vertical jump reaction time.


Copyright© 2018, ASP Ins. This open-access article is published under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License which permits Share (copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format) and Adapt (remix, transform, and build upon the material) under the Attribution-NonCommercial terms. [1] Passport for the orthopedic boards and FRCS examination [2] Functional scoliosis caused by leg length discrepancy [3] Management of leg length inequality [4] Limb‐Length Inequality: Assessment and treatment options [5] Atlas of orthoses and assistive devices [6] Questionnaire for persons with a transfemoral amputation (Q‐TFA): Initial validity and reliability of a new outcome measure [7] Study of stump problems of lower limb amputation in war casualties [8] A theory of metamotivation: The biological rooting of the value‐life [9] Impact of adolescent mental disorders and physical illnesses on quality of life 17 years later [10] The short form health survey (SF‐36): Translation and validation study of the Iranian version [11] The reliability and validity of the satisfaction with life scale [12] Satisfaction with military dental care by active duty soldiers [13] Dental satisfaction survey at an expeditionary dental clinic in support of operations enduring freedom and Iraqi freedom [14] Health status and satisfaction with health care: A longitudinal study among patients served by the veterans health administration [15] VA medical system earns high customer satisfaction ratings [16] Satisfaction of janbazan and azadegan referring health center of janbazan foundation of Kerman city to rcceive medical services in the year 2003‐2004 [17] Service satisfaction among war related bilateral lower limb amputation [18] Health‐related quality of life in patients served by the department of veterans affairs: Results from the veterans health study [19] Quality of life in blind war survivors [20] Sociodemographic and health factors explaining emotional wellbeing as a quality of life domain of older people in Madrid [21] Evaluation of quality of life in psychiatric veterans of Isfehan [22] Quality of life in chemical war victims with sever pulmonary damage [23] Quality of life in chemical veterans 15 years after exposure to mustard gas [24] Modernization and postmodernization: Cultural, economic, and political change in 43 societies [25] Domains of perfectionism: Prevalence and relationships with perfectionism, gender, age, and satisfaction with life [26] Coping strategies and life satisfaction: Chronically ill patients' perspectives Aims That the services should be presented suitably tailored to the status of individuals is of high importance in health needs assessment. The aim of this study was to compare the quality of life, satisfaction with life, and satisfaction with orthopedic shoes among veterans with lower extremities length discrepancy receiving services and not‐receiving services after two years of follow‐up. Instruments & Methods This descriptive study was conducted among veterans with lower extremities difference in West Azarbaijan Province, Iran in 2014 and followed‐up in 2016. A total of 76 veterans were selected by purposeful sampling, 48 of whom received prescriptive services (group 1) and 28 of whom received no services (group 2). The research tools were a Quality of Life Questionnaire, Satisfaction with Life Scale, and a researcher‐made satisfaction with orthopedic shoes questionnaire. The data were analyzed by SPSS 20, using Chi‐square, independent t‐test, dependent t‐test, Wilcoxon, and Mann‐Whitney U test. Findings Of veterans, 76.6% who had received orthopedic shoes were satisfied. In group 1, the difference of the evaluation of 2014 and 2016 was significant in mental health and physical health, but it was not significant in the overall score of quality of life, while in group 2, the overall quality of life score decreased significantly. The two groups did not have a significant difference in life satisfaction. Conclusion Most veterans who use orthopedic shoes are highly satisfied. Veterans who received services after a two year follow‐up have higher levels of physical health, mental health, and quality of life compared with the veterans who did not use the services. The two groups do not differ in their levels of satisfaction with life. A B S T R A C T A R T I C L E I N F O


In this chapter, we review econometric methodology that is used to test for jumps and to decompose realized volatility into continuous and jump components. In order to illustrate how to implement the methods discussed, we also present the results of an empirical analysis in which we separate continuous asset return variation and finite activity jump variation from excess returns on various US market sector exchange traded funds (ETFs), during and around the Great Recession of 2008. Our objective is to characterize the financial contagion that was present during one of the greatest financial crises in US history. In particular, we study how shocks, as measured by jumps, propagate through nine different market sectors. One element of our analysis involves the investigation of causal linkages associated with jumps (via use of vector autoregressions), and another involves the examination of the predictive content of jumps for excess returns. We find that as early as 2006, jump spillover effects became more pronounced in the markets. We also observe that jumps had a significant effect on excess returns during 2008 and 2009; but not in the years before and after the recession.


The paper introduces the application status of hydraulic components for drum shearer and analyzes the reliability of the hydraulic components.The improvement is advanced in the end.


Objective In order to study the situation of air hygiene in Chinese medical herbs fair and its effect on occupational people's respiration system. Methods Air specimen collected from the trade fair were detected for Microbial, SO 2 , CO 2 and IP. Occupational people's respiration system diseases were surveyed. Results The amount of microbial and concentrations of CO 2 and IP in air samples from trade fair were higher than that of control district. The amount of microbial had a positive correlation with the concentrations of CO 2 and IP. Uni-variate analysis showed that the prevalence of respiration system disease worked in trade fair was higher than that of control district. Conclusions It is concluded that air pollution with microbial in the trade fair was an important risk factor and harmed occupational people's respiration system.


Harmonious society is an energetic society. The energetic creativity vigor and the fair, peaceful and systematic society with harmony mutually become reason and result. Stimulating and keeping the creativity vigor will have practical meaning in dealing with a series of significant issues of current economic society and constructing cohesion society during the social developmental form transmission period. In face with the poor creativity environment at present, the government should give assistance to the creativity vigor through providing systematic creativity public product.


Several focused reports have appeared over the past few years documenting the utility of nickel catalysts featuring newly developed DalPhos bisphosphine ligands for C-N cross-couplings of typically challenging (hetero)aryl chlorides with targeted NH nucleophiles. Herein, a more expansive and systematic competitive evaluation of this ligand family in N-arylation chemistry is provided involving primary (linear and branched) and secondary alkylamines, as well as a primary five-membered heteroarylamine (aminopyrazole), in combination with a diverse set of test electrophiles and bases (NaOtBu, K2CO3, DBU/NaTFA). In addition to providing optimal ligand/catalyst identification, and bringing to light methodology limitations (e.g., unwanted C-O cross-coupling with NaOtBu), our survey enabled the development of the first efficient catalyst system for heteroatom-dense C-N cross-coupling of aminopyrazoles and related nucleophiles with (hetero)aryl chlorides by use of an amine 'dual-base' system.


"Beauty is how you feel inside, and it reflects in your eyes. It is not something physical." Sophia Loren Design aesthetics is an important element in any of the product which a man uses in day to day life. This is also one of the major factors which compel a consumer to buy the product. In this growing competition focus is on innovative product development and new approaches to draw customer's attention towards their products. Aesthetics is one of the integral parts of design principles that define a design's pleasing qualities. Aesthetics are one of the most important for customer acceptance in almost all the fast moving goods categories. This study aims to investigate the impact of aesthetics in innovative product development and consumers' perception and acceptability as importance of aesthetics is not being explored by researchers. This paper inspects the importance of aesthetics while working on innovative product development, design process, sustainability, and consumer perception on aesthetics while buying a new product.


The article considers some social and medical aspects of the medical abortion. The study is based on a survey conducted among female patients of gynecology department №1, The Republic of Mordovia Clinical Hospital № 5. The authors have analyzed the medical and social characteristics of women who terminated a pregnancy on late terms by pharmacological abortion. The technology of the modern partial-birth abortion is also described.


Introduction Spondylolysis developed during individual growth. In this article, direct repair of the pars defect was used to treat lumbar symptomatic spondylolysis without spondylolisthesis in young patients. Indication and postoperative outcomes of this operation were analyzed, to investigate the method of early treatment of spondylolysis, which can avoid the complication of spinal fusion for delayed isthmic spondylolisthesis caused by spondylolysis. Materials and Methods Twelve cases of lumbar symptomatic spondylolysis were retrospectively reviewed; all the cases received direct repair for the pars defect during 2005 to 2011, and was followed up for at least 2 years. Among them, there are eight cases of male and four cases of female, average 24.5 years old; there are 10 L5 spondylolysis and 4 L4 spondylolysis. They have low back pain and X-ray-confirmed bilateral spondylolysis without spondylolisthesis. There was no disc degeneration on MRI. The operation includes pars debridement, pedicle screw insertion, V-shaped rod connection, and bone autograft. VAS score was used to evaluate the pain status of the patient. Results All the patients got symptoms relieved, VAS score was reduced from 4.8 preoperation to 2.3 postoperation, and they all resumed to original work. During follow-up, the pars defect attained bony union in X-ray and 3D CT scan. Conclusion For the developmental spondylolysis with severe local symptom, but no disc degeneration, direct repair for the pars defect with pedicle screw and V-shaped rod and bone autograft can be used to heal the pars defect. This treatment, which is safe and effective, can reduce occurrence of disc degeneration caused by lumbar instability and delayed spondylolisthesis, avoid complications caused by spinal fusion. Disclosure of Interest None declared


The optimal increase of revenue should match the growth of GDP,namely,the general tax burden should be maintained at a certain level to avoid too much fluctuation.However,in recent years,there is a trend of slowdown in local revenue and the source of taxes tends to shrink,which makes it even more difficult to match the growth of GDP.The article cites Beijing as an example to analyze the general tax burden and predict the local revenue of next year,illustrating the tendency of local revenue both in practice and in theory.Finally,the thesis offers the advice to avoid the sudden shrinkage of local revenue.


©2001 International Reading Association (pp. 622-624) In response to a previous JAAL column, I received a letter from a retired English teacher in Kansas, USA, who said that there are many ways for the elderly to connect across generations. She lamented that the interests, energies, and experiences of many retired educators are merely wasted. She suggested a local, state, or federal registry that would serve as a "bank" of talented


Summary. A group of university students given the same intelligence test at the beginning and end of their university degree courses, made large and statistically significant gains. These gains do not seem attributable to increase in age and appear unrelated to courses of study taken: they are of the same magnitude as those made on re-test at an interval of a few weeks. Explanations in terms of mental growth, transfer effects and sophistication or practice are discussed.