Gel column analysis of pigment extracts has been automated, and the distribution of total coloured constituents in terms of tannin pigments, acylated anthocyanins and anthocyanins can now be measured routinely, enabling rapid evaluation of materials. Quantitative determinations of polymeric and monomeric pigments in grape extracts and in young wines have been made from the pigment elution curves. Wine grape varieties from the same viticultural area were found to have characteristieally different elution curves. Evidence Ls presented for one variety that some degree of selective extraction of pigments occurs during normal fermentation on skins, the anthocyanins being more efficently extracted than other fractions - thus the composition of pigments in the new wine differs from that in the grape. Other young varietal wines are also qualitatively different from one another in pigment compositions, which generally resemble those of the grape varieties. Regional differences between grapes and wines oi one variety have been demonstrated, which relate to colour extraction and to the ageing characteristics of the wines from these regions. The gross changes in pigment distribution which occur during ageing of red wines, with progressive loss of monomeric pigments and increase in the relative proportions of tannin pigments are described. The latter fraction is seen to be of primary importance to red wine technology. The elution curves obtained are regarded as pigment profiles of the grapes or wines, and the utility of this concept in viticultural and oenological research is demonstrated.


ABSTRACT The most commonly used solvents in the liquid-liquid extraction process are organic solvents with low vapor pressure, thus emitting environmentally toxic components. This fact justifies the search for less harmful solvents, such as ionic liquids, which are chemical compounds that present vapor pressure at negligible levels. This work presents the behavior of imidazole cation-based ionic liquids combined with methyl sulfate (MeSO4) and hexafluorophosphate (PF6) anions as extracting solvents for the ethyl acetate + 2-propanol system in liquid-liquid ternary equilibrium systems. The results indicate that the selectivity coefficients in the extraction of the 2-propanol component are influenced by the anion volume. The length of the imidazole ring alkyl chain of the RMIM PF6 ionic liquids negatively influences the ability of this solvent to purify 2-propanol. MMIM PF6 ionic liquid has higher selectivity indices because it contains fewer -CH3 groups than ionic liquids involving PF6 anion. The results obtained for the Othmer-Tobias and Hand correlations indicate good reliability to the experimental data set. Finally, the experimental data were correlated through the NRTL model to calculate the activity coefficients. The global deviation with 34 tie-lines for verified systems was 4.26%, this result indicates an 8% improvement over the data calculated by the NRTL model using the dynamic interaction methods shown by the author of the article from which the set experimental data was extracted. Thus, it can be inferred that the results obtained for the energy interaction parameters applied with the Microsoft Office Excel® software are recorded and that this method can be used to solve ELL problems using the NRTL model.


A system and a method for controlling PLC data by using a PLC data managing apparatus are provided to store data inputted and outputted data in PLC through an I/O interface of PLC and improve the management efficiency of PLC data. A PLC(Programmable Logic Controller) data management system comprises a PLC(100) and a PLC apparatus for data managing apparatus(110). The PLC outputs data through a communications port. The PLC data managing apparatus stores data outputted from the PLC. The PLC data managing apparatus generates and stores information summary of the stored data. The PLC data managing apparatus provides the stored data or the information summary PLC data managing apparatus.


Lithium aluminosilicate(LAS)multicomponent glass-ceramic powders have been prepared by using polyacrylamide gel method.Acrylamide,N,N'-methylene-bisacrylamide,nitrates of aluminum and lithium carbonate,and tetraethoxysilane are used as precursors.The nucleation agent La2O3 is added to the system successfully.The glass-ceramic powders are pressed into bars and sintered at 1 000 ℃.The effect of doping with La2O3 on the structure and performance of Li2O-Al2O3-SiO2 glass-ceramics is investigated by means of IR,XRD and SEM.The thermal expansion coefficient and the density are measured.The results show that the temperature of phase transformation is decreased to 900 ℃ for the glass-ceramic doped with La2O3 and the grain size becomes smaller.The thermal expansion coefficient is 10-7 and it is increased after doping with La2O3.


A bacterial community has been selected from a marine sediment on 4-cyclohexene -l,2 dicar- boximide or THPl (fungicide). This community consists of nine strains. The "principal" strain, Photobacierium mandapamensis, degrades THPl by different metabolic pathways many of which require co-oxidative sequences. The other eight "auxiliary" strains occur at different states along the trophic chain formed by the


The demand for new energy technologies has greatly exceeded the capabilities of today's materials and chemical processes. To convert sunlight to fuel, efficiently store energy, or enable a new generation of energy production and utilization technologies requires the development of new materials and processes of unprecedented functionality and performance. New materials and processes are critical elements for progress in advanced energy systems and virtually all industrial technologies. Harvesting the potential of computational science and engineering for the accelerated discovery and development of disruptive technologies and an enchanted and integrated interplay of Computational Materials Science, Chemistry and Biology will definitely establish a new era of technology evolution. This paper shows advances and challenges in the field of computational materials science, smart materials and innovative approaches. It identifies what are some of the future trends and innovations that may make an impact on the world of energy.


Topical antifungal treatment is a subject of discussion in the treatment of chronic rhinosinusitis. The aim of this research was to study the effects of antifungal drugs on ciliary beat frequency (CBF) of human nasal mucosa under in vitro conditions.


26 DECEMBER 1920 * 31 AUGUST 2003 AT A MEETING of the Harvard University Faculty of Arts and Sciences 6 December 2005, the following Minute was placed upon the records. Franklin L. Ford served as a major participant in this faculty's business throughout his career, as assistant and associate professor, Allston Burr Senior Tutor of Lowell House, McLean Professor of Ancient and Modern History, and as dean of the Faculty of Arts and Sciences from fall 1962 through spring 1970. He was born in Waukegan, Illinois, on 26 December 1920, and attended the University of Minnesota, where his uncle Guy Stanton Ford, a leading historian of Germany, served as president and presumably had an impact on his nephew's vocational choice. Graduating in 1942, Ford enrolled for a semester of graduate study at Cornell, then entered the army and, after receiving a commission, joined the Research and Analysis Branch of the OSS. There he served with a galaxy of young historians, some recruited by Professor William Langer, who had studied or would regroup at Harvard, including John Clive, H. Stuart Hughes, and Carl Schorske. He returned to Harvard to take his MA. in 1948 and Ph.D. in 1950 in early modern French history. His dissertation became a distinguished contribution to the history of the ancien regime, Robe and Sword: The Regrouping of the French Aristocracy after Louis XIV, published by Harvard University Press in 1953. Ford was well aware that he was venturing into one of the densest historiographical thickets of the West, but intrepidly analyzed the ambiguous role of the eighteenth-century French nobility, which, "if it did not have the strength to suppress revolution, had at least recovered enough strength to make revolution inevitable." With the completion of his dissertation, Ford briefly joined the faculty of Bennington College, and he and his wife, Eleanor, continued an attachment to the faculty and town long after his teaching stint ended. Ford also followed German history, offering a two-semester sequence on Germany as well as lectures on early modern France, once he returned to Harvard in 1953. For his second book he chose to study a site where both cultures played a formative role. Strasbourg in Transition 1 648-1 789 examined the frontier city from before its annexation by Louis XrV to the French Revolution. As a lecturer Franklin had a dry, ironic sense of humor and a sophisticated way of framing questions. These were happy and productive years: he was a senior tutor at Lowell House, a member of a poker circle that included distinguished faculty colleagues, a stalwart baseball fan, and father of two young boys: Stephen Ford, who graduated from Harvard in 1969 and has had a long career as managing editor of the Louisville Courier-Journal, and John Ford, who settled in Arizona and developed his vocation as a gold- and silversmith. While Franklin was a visiting fellow at the Center for Behavioral Studies in Stanford during 1961-62, Nathan Pusey called on him to succeed McGeorge Bundy as dean of the faculty - a position that forty years ago still allowed him to teach his undergraduate courses and the graduate colloquium in European history. He had already served Harvard greatly, by chairing the 1960 Faculty Report on Admission to Harvard College, which urged allocating greater financial aid to strive for a more diverse student body with respect to class, race, and region. This is a report that helped to create the modern Harvard College. As dean, he reshaped and modernized the General Education curriculum, and he oversaw the physical renewal of the campus with the renovation of the Yard dormitories, the conversion of Lehman Hall into Dudley House, the renovation of Emerson, Boylston, and Harvard Halls, and the construction of the Science Center, Mather House, and Peabody Terrace. Through all this, he ably stewarded the faculty's resources. By the late 1960s, however, the deanship had become an exhausting burden. …


Among various environmental stresses, salt stress is extensively damaging to crops production in many areas of the world. The enhancement of plant tolerance is important for plant productivity. Brassinosteroids plays an important role in the plant response to adverse environmental conditions such as salt stress. Therefore, an experiment was conducted to explore the role of exogenously applied 24-epibrassinolide on flower and fruit production of pepper in presence or absence of NaCl-stress (70 mM). The plants were sprayed with 10


In this paper I analyze a sound change in progress in a small Northern Russian community. The process involves unrounding of the unstressed "open o", a change in the direction of Standard Russian. The results, obtained during my fieldtrip to the Western Urals, are based on speech samples of 32 residents who belong to various social groups. The analysis shows that the attested variation has a clear-cut pattern. It is determined primarily by the social factors of age, education, hometown, and secondarily by sex. The most conservative speakers are older poorly-educated subjects raised out of town, and the most progressive speakers are younger, well-educated women raised in town. It is found that the overall rate of the change is determined by the relative degree of social pressure on a given social group.


It will become discloses an organic light emitting diode device (100) and a method of manufacturing. The organic light emitting diode device (100) comprises: a non-active area (NA), which is formed outside an active region (AA) of a substrate (101); a switching thin film transistor (STr) and a Ansteuerdunnfilmtransistor (DTr) in each of the pixel regions (P); a planarization layer (113) on the substrate (101) and provided with a moisture-blocking portion (115b) in the non-active area (NA) of the substrate (101); a first electrode (117) on the planarization layer (113) and connected to the Ansteuerdunnfilmtransistor (DTr); a bank (123) is formed in the non-active area (NA) outside each pixel region (P); an organic light emitting layer (125) provided on the first electrode (117) and for each pixel area (P); a second electrode (127) on an entire surface of the substrate (101); a first passivation layer (129) on the substrate (101); an organic layer (131) on the first passivation layer (129); a second passivation layer (133) on the organic layer (131) and the first passivation layer (131); a barrier film (137) to the substrate (101) arranged to face; and an adhesive (135) interposed between the substrate (101) and the barrier film (137) and is adapted to attach the substrate (101) and the barrier film (137) to each other so as to implement a panel state.


The transmit signal model and receive signal model of multiple-carrier frequency MIMO radars are constructed first.Then the multiple-dimensional ambiguity functions(AF) of MIMO radars with the array aperture are derived based on the theory of matched filter and are simplified using the orthogonal characteristics between the transmit signals of MIMO radars.And the AF can be further factored into separable space and time components when the target appears in the far-field of the array and the waveforms are considered as narrowband.The range resolution is commonly decided by the bandwidth of the transmit signal and the bandwidth among the transmit antennas simultaneously.Take an uniform linear array(ULA) as an example,the characteristics of AF and the resolution of LFM signal using multiple carrier frequency are analyzed in the case of monostatic and bistatic radars.And the range and azimuth resolution change with the difference of the target's position for a bistatic MIMO radar.


The residual stresses engendered by 16 different shot peening technologies were researched and analyzed systemically by using x-ray method in this paper.For each shot peening work-piece,4 different test points were chosen and 8 different depths 0~250 μm under the surface for each point were tested by step-by-step electrolytic polishing method.And then the equations of polishing electric current,depth and time were figured out by experimental demarcation using self-making fixture,which solved the problem that data obtained and measured accurately at 25 μm depth,and got the residual stress distribution of these 16 technologies.It was shown that the max residual compress stress of home made shot peening was at the depth of 50 μm under the surface and the influence layer was 150 μm depth,while 50~75 μm and 200 μm respectively for the import one.The rotating speed of throwing wheel is proportional to the A1 value,and the max residual stress increased slightly along with Al value but no quantity relationship between them.The depth of residual stress influence layer after shot peening has directly relation with shot character,but rotating speed.


A differential laser Doppler velocimeter (LDV) has been assembled and tested to provide noninvasive absolute measurements of acoustic particle displacements of standing waves generated in a water‐filled tube. The principle of the technique [see K. J. Taylor, J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 59, 691–694 (1976)] is to measure the Doppler shift of laser light scattered from colloidal microparticles oscillating under the action of an acoustic field. The system tested is capable of detecting particle displacements of the order of a few nanometers with a bandwidth of several kilohertz. The performances and limitations of the system are discussed. In particular, the effect of Brownian motion is shown to produce only negligible broadening of the spectral density of the signal of interest. The sensitivity of the present LDV system is estimated to be very close to the shot noise limit of the photomultiplier tube used to detect the Doppler shift of the scattered light. Experimental results are obtained under controlled laborator...


At the beginning, developments in the world of operating systems mainly focused on mainframe and minicomputers, but now there is advancement and innovation in the area of operating systems for smaller systems. The emphasis in these smaller systems is often on the shell, or user interface, as that is the aspect of the OS that users have the most interaction with. There are several types of operating systems for microcomputers. In this presentation we will talk about some of more familiar ones.


Three novel Arsenite oxidizing bacteria have been isolated from arsenic contaminated rivers from India. Samples were collected from the three districts of Uttar Pradesh (UP) viz., Ghaziabad, Moradabad and Gorakhpur Uttar Pradesh, India. All the three stains were observed as gram positive, aerobic, spore forming and rod shaped. The phylogentic analysis using 16S rDNA identification sequence showed that three isolates were belonged to the family of Bacillaceae and were closely related to Rummeliibacillus sp. (98%), Brevibacillus agri strain (88%) and Bacillus thuringiensis (99%). All the three strains are clearly distinguished from the related Bacillus species by its biochemical characteristics as well as the phylogentic relationship, therefore the three strains represent the novel sp. of the genus bacillus for which we proposed the names viz., Rummeliibacillus sp. AOBG-1, Brevibacillus sp. AOBMI-1 and Bacillus sp. AOB-GI-1 respectively. The GenBank accession numbers for the 16S rRNA gene sequence of the strains are KP295449, KP314033 and KP 308382.


At the current stage of social development and the formation of new social relations, mankind has entered the next phase of its development, which is commonly referred to as the era of digitalization or the fourth industrial revolution. The economy digitalization in general and the transition to intelligent production or Industry 4.0 in particular is a global trend today. Large, leading industrial companies around the world are now in the process of digital transformation, the implementation of which requires an impressive amount of investment. The issue of evaluating the effectiveness of the technologies that Industry 4.0 introduces into the operations at industrial enterprises is therefore becoming increasingly important. This study considers the system for assessing the potential economic impact of the technologies introduction, which includes the following analysis areas: total implementation costs; profits and other benefits from the introduction; risks; and the potential that the company will acquire from the introduction of digital technologies in the future. It also proposed a KPI assessment system, which is important for understanding the effectiveness of production results in terms of the prospects for effective digital performance.


In this paper, we address the difference equation x n+1 = px n-s + x n-t /qx n-s + x n-t n = 0, 1,... with positive initial conditions. We establish a sufficient condition for the global asymptotic stability of the positive equilibrium of this equation.


Digital twin can be defined as a virtual representation of a physical asset enabled through data and simulators for real-time prediction, optimization, controlling, and improved decision making. Recent advances in computational pipelines, multiphysics solvers, artificial intelligence, big data cybernetics, Biotechnology, data processing and management tools bring the promise of digital twins and their impact on society closer to reality. Digital twinning is now an important and emerging trend in many applications. Also referred to as a computational megamodel, device shadow, mirrored system, avatar or a synchronized virtual prototype, there can be no doubt that a digital twin plays a transformative role not only in how we design and operate cyber-physical intelligent systems, but also in how we advance the modularity of multi-disciplinary systems to tackle fundamental barriers not addressed by the current, evolutionary modeling practices. By introducing the technology and development process of digital twinning, this paper puts forward a model for real-time analysis and monitoring combined with the establishment method of digital twinning model of transformer electromagnetic and thermal field in power system and the technologies of Internet of things, cloud computing and big data.


We report the review of the experimental results obtained at the Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, of the soft X-ray lasing in various Ni-like ions whose atomic numbers range from 47(Ag) to 66(Dy). The lasing wavelengths are between 14 nm and 5 nm. X-ray lasing in these materials were obtained when the plasma profiles were properly controlled in time and space by irradiation of curved slab targets with multiple laser pulses. We also describe the original work of the atomic physics calculations which provide the transition energies, transition probabilities and other atomic constants for Ni-like ion species whose atomic numbers range from 36 to 92 calculated with GRASP code (multi-configuration Dirac Fock code) and YODA code (relativistic distorted wave code). Based on these atomic constants, we have calculated the kinetics of the population inversion with a simplified rate equation model in conjunction with a one-dimensional hydrodynamic code to find out the desired pumping conditions. We ...


This brief provides an update on findings and experiences from impact evaluations carried out by the Development Impact Evaluation (DIME) unit and other technical partners for projects in the GAFSP portfolio. Draft reports described here may be shared upon request to the GAFSP Deputy Program Manager, Natasha Hayward. For DIME-led evaluations, the related original papers and reports may still be in the process of discussion, review, and final analysis, and so not yet ready for wider publication. Where possible, this brief indicates the status of results where analysis or discussion of results are still ongoing.


1. Models and Political Change 2. Models of Third World Political Systems 3. A Theoretical Explanation of Political Change 4. Political Change in Vietnam 5. Political Change in Cuba 6. Political Change in Chile 7. Political Change in Nigeria 8. Political Change in Iran


Significance It is hard to decide if a real-world complex network is scale free, as it has never reached an agreement on how to confirm whether the network exhibits statistically favored power-law distributions. Here, we define a fundamental property—the degree–degree distance—possessed by each link, the distribution of which usually exhibits a stronger power law than the degree distribution of a finite-size network as indicated by empirical and statistical studies. A bidirectional preferential selection model is introduced to explain and reproduce this finding, which implies that being scale free as a property should not be defined by apparent statistics but determined by the underlying mechanism. We conclude that power-law degree–degree distance distribution better represents the scale-free property. Whether real-world complex networks are scale free or not has long been controversial. Recently, in Broido and Clauset [A. D. Broido, A. Clauset, Nat. Commun. 10, 1017 (2019)], it was claimed that the degree distributions of real-world networks are rarely power law under statistical tests. Here, we attempt to address this issue by defining a fundamental property possessed by each link, the degree–degree distance, the distribution of which also shows signs of being power law by our empirical study. Surprisingly, although full-range statistical tests show that degree distributions are not often power law in real-world networks, we find that in more than half of the cases the degree–degree distance distributions can still be described by power laws. To explain these findings, we introduce a bidirectional preferential selection model where the link configuration is a randomly weighted, two-way selection process. The model does not always produce solid power-law distributions but predicts that the degree–degree distance distribution exhibits stronger power-law behavior than the degree distribution of a finite-size network, especially when the network is dense. We test the strength of our model and its predictive power by examining how real-world networks evolve into an overly dense stage and how the corresponding distributions change. We propose that being scale free is a property of a complex network that should be determined by its underlying mechanism (e.g., preferential attachment) rather than by apparent distribution statistics of finite size. We thus conclude that the degree–degree distance distribution better represents the scale-free property of a complex network.


ntelligent Speed Adaptation (ISA) is a system that constantly monitors vehicle speed, local speed limit on a road and implements an action such as giving warning or discourages the drivers when the vehicle is detected to be exceeding the speed limit. A GPS connected to digital speed map allows Intelligent Speed Adaptation technology to continuously update the vehicle speed limit to the road speed limit. The main purpose of this project is to study the speed profile and effect on drivers psychology on Intelligent Speed Adaptation to bus drivers before and after the intervention of ISA technology. An experiment was conducted on GPS-ISA instrument involving about 20 respondents of Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM) Shah Alam Campus bus drivers from various backgrounds. The instrument used to collect data is GPS-ISA device. The data gained from GPS-ISA device is speed profile to specify the speeding and speed variation. To evaluate drivers psychology, a set of questionnaire was designed. The data gained from questionnaire are attention level, stress level, and ISA acceptance level. The result of total differences for all 20 respondents between the average speed before and after the intervention for Zone 1 to Zone 5 was-8.95 km/h. For drivers psychology results, most of the respondents are willing to use ISA system if given a chance. Majority of respondents did not felt any stress and distraction while driving by using ISA system. For conclusion, the ISA system proved to be efficiently reduced speed of busses in UiTM Shah Alam campus zone and can be used as an initiative in order to assist bus drivers to reduce speed of vehicles especially in campus zone.


Abstract Laboratory leaching experiments were conducted to simulate fly ash weathering in acidic environments and to determine the metal and metalloid release characteristics of several fly ash materials. Fly ash was placed in small cylinders and continuously leached with 0.1N sulfuric acid (H2SO4) or simulated acid mine drainage (AMD). Leachates were monitored for metals and metalloids. When a fly ash was leached with H2SO4 up to its neutralizing capacity only 10 to 30% of the total metals or metalloids were released. At equal levels of total acidity, more metals were released by H2SO4 than by AMD probably due to the creation of new oxides or hydroxides of iron (Fe) providing sites for adsorption of metals or metalloids.


An important issue in the advancement of Image Processing and Computer Vision (IP/CV) algorithm development is the ability to test, verify and compare the newly developed algorithm performance to other functionally equivalent algorithms and to ground truth in a complete and meaningful way. In this paper, we explore several criteria to estimate the performance of IP/CV algorithms against databases of synthetic and real data and use statistical analysis to determine performance. Formal system analysis along with Monte Carlo testing is used to rigorously compare these algorithms. A case study is performed on the familiar edge detection algorithms to illustrate the techniques and also the vulnerability of these algorithms to good average performance but in certain cases to very poor performance.


Domesticated white and black-and-white rats have been found suitable for experiment. Many observations were made upon tame mice, but it is more difficult to train them to remain quiet during the exposure to the X rays, and the rate of passage of the food through the alimentary canal is more rapid; moreover, they are more delicate than rats. One hundred and thirteen skiagrams of the animals have been obtained, and many of these include pictures of two or three rats or six or eight mice. The apparatus used in the investigation consisted of an X-ray tube of the gas type, a 12-inch induction coil by Watson and Sons, a mercury break, and an Andrews "Raold" valve. In this form of valve one of the electrodes is a concave disc of aluminium and the other a metal cylinder with an expanded extremity. This set of apparatus was used first in 1912 by A. F. Hurst in his research on the movements of the alimentary canal, and was presented by him to the Physiological Department of Guy's Hospital. For our investigations on...


It is argued that behavioral objectives will be most useful when they are not only technologically adequate and include functional target behaviors, but when generalization is explicitly specified as a desired educational outcome as well. This investigation was undertaken to determine whether IEP objectives for selected pupils in participating schools included generalization as an outcome of instruction. It was found that although a considerable number of objectives related to the development of potentially functional skills, very few suggested the desirability of generalized performance. Possible reasons for the omission of generalized outcomes are discussed and recommendations are provided for the construction of objectives.


Skilled and motivated health workers are important to delivering quality healthcare. Ensuring their availability and equitable distribution is a key priority. Low- and middle-income countries are experiencing challenges in relation to the maternal health workforce. This situation is worse in fragile and conflict affected states. The Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) has very high maternal mortality rates and a serious shortage of qualified skilled birth attendants. Ituri Province, in North-Eastern DRC is a fragile setting which faces conflict, Ebola outbreaks, the current COVID-19 pandemic and many challenges in attracting and retaining midwives in rural districts. This thesis aims to identify appropriate strategies to attract and retain midwives and related cadres in rural Ituri. I analysed the availability, distribution and trends relating to doctors, nurses and midwives in Ituri Province from 2013 to 2017 using secondary staffing data within three categories of districts (rural, peri-urban and urban). The analysis revealed an oversupply of doctors and nurses, and a serious shortages of midwives, particularly in rural districts, requiring further analysis to explore this situation in depth. Hence using a life history approach, I then explored midwives' work experiences and challenges in rural Ituri Province. Midwives face immense challenges in their work, including severe shortages of qualified health workers, poor working conditions due to lack of equipment, supplies and professional support, and no salary from the government. These challenges were all exacerbated by fragility, conflict and rurality. Midwives showed bravery and resilience in navigating the interface between under-resourced health systems and poor marginalized communities. Finally, through a workshop methodology, I engaged with stakeholders in Ituri Province, to review data from these two studies, in order to identify context-specific strategies to improve staffing. Key strategies embedded in the realities of rural fragile Ituri province included: organizing midwifery training in nursing schools located in rural areas; recruiting students from rural areas; and lobbying NGOs and churches to support the improvement of midwives' living and working conditions. Midwives are key skilled birth attendants managing maternal and newborn health care. Ensuring their availability through effective attraction and retention strategies is essential in fragile and rural settings. Developing a holistic picture of the midwifery workforce using both quantitative and qualitative data is critical. Engaging stakeholders with this data, can facilitate the development of context-specific, feasible and potentially effective strategies to address the challenges of attraction and retention of midwives. Trusting relationships are critical to this co-production of knowledge. By implementing these strategies, only then will midwives, playing the interface between health systems and the communities, be able to provide the critical services that women and their families need, and therefore contribute to achieving Universal Health Coverage.


17 The Bin Yauri-Libata polymetallic ore district is a Sn and Au ore-bearing district in the Zuru schist 18 belt, Northwestern Nigeria. The Libata Sn ore field is characterized by a set of cassiterite-bearing 19 hydrothermal veins associated with Neoproterozoic Pan-African granites affected by deformation 20 and low-grade metamorphism. The hydrothermal alteration associated with cassiterite-bearing 21 quartz veins in the Libata deposit includes silicification, albitization, chloritization, and potassic 22 alteration. In this study, geochemical and geochronological data from tourmalines and zircons 23 from Sn bearing lodes, unmineralized and altered granites is applied to reveal the timing, fluid 24 composition, and source of ore-forming materials for tin mineralization in the Libata ore field. 25 Zircon trace element and Hf isotopes (εHf(t)= +4.37 to +10.85) reveal a mantle-derived source 26 with some crustal contribution for the melts forming the Libata Sn-bearing granites. LA-ICPMS 27 zircon U-Pb dating constrains the magmatic and hydrothermal ages to 650-646 Ma and 649-646 28 Ma for the Libata granites. Overlapping zircon εHf(t) and 176 Hf/ 177 Hf but distinct 176 Lu/ 177 Hf and 29 176 Yb/ 177 Hf ratios from magmatic and hydrothermally altered zircons reveal a magmatic source for 30 the hydrothermal fluids which triggered cassiterite deposition in the Libata ore field. Major 31 element chemistry constrain tourmalines from the Libata ore field as schorls that show high alkalis, 32 low Ca contents, and moderate □ values (where □ is x-site vacancy). High Li, Zn, and Sn 33 concentrations in tourmaline as well as Li/Sr and Ca-Fe-Mg ratios demonstrate that the tourmaline 34 formed from granite-sourced fluid likely derived from the host Libata granites. Measured δ 11 B 35 values from the Libata tourmaline range from −15.69‰ to −14.07‰. The δ 11 B of the mineralizing 36 fluid is estimated to be −13.1 to −11.9‰ for the Libata tourmalines at 400-500 ° C and overlaps 37 with averages from fractionated granites worldwide. Therefore, our data show that tourmaline and 38 zircon are useful tracers of magmatic-hydrothermal evolution in rare metal bearing granites 39 systems. mineralization, Hydrothermally-altered zircons, Pan- Libata


Acute lipid mobilization, associated with a marked in- crease in the plasma free fatty acid concentration, was induced in rabbits by the subcutaneous injection of adrenocor- ticotrophic hormone. Blood was drawn from these rabbits for detection and quantitative measurements of circulating platelet aggregates. The animals were then anesthetized and the thoracic aorta was removed, fixed, and processed for electron microscopy. Circulating platelet aggregates were measured quantitatively by a technique involving the draw- ing of arterial blood directly into formalin-ethylene-diaminetetraacetic acid fixative and lysing the erythrocytes. The platelet aggregates were grouped into three categories, according to the number of platelets in each aggregate, and were counted by phase contrast microscopy. Acute lipid mobilization was associated with an increased number of circulating platelet aggregates, which was not prevented by heparin. These aggregated platelets did not exhibit internal morphologic changes. The contribution of the external carotid artery to cerebral blood flow was evaluated in eight patients undergoing carotid endarterectomy. With restoration of external carotid artery flow, the internal carotid artery back pressure was augmented by an average of 20.9%. This represented a mean rise in internal carotid artery back pressure of 10.8 mm Hg, a median rise of 12.8 mm Hg, and a range of 0 to 17.5 mm Hg rise in pressure. To provide cerebral protection during carotid endarterectomy, an external carotid artery shunt was utilized in four patients without technical difficulty and with satisfactory operative results. In selected cases this modality of cerebral protection may be a valuable adjunct in the performance of carotid endarterectomy. systemic hypotension showed the initial to be small pulmonary vein (SPV) constriction. Subsequently, during shock and particularly after reinfusion, gradients developed across the alveolar capillary bed. Hypoxia of the central system is considered to be one of the prime factors in the pathogenesis of the shock lung syndrome. Cerebral hypotension can be produced by slight hemorrhage and ligation of both the brachiocephalic and the subclavian arteries. maintained the cerebral blood pressure at 40 mm Hg while keeping the blood pressure at control levels. Coagulation and fibrinolysis were evaluated in 29 healthy young male adults before, immediately after, and one hour after strenuous exercise on a treadmill. Seven subjects were studied after moderate, prolonged exercise. Fourteen volunteers were tested before and after successful physical conditioning. Measurements included: pulse rate, glass and silicone whole blood clotting times, one-stage prothrombin time, Stypven time, two-stage prothrombin time, prothrombin consumption, partial thromboplastin time, thrombin time, fibrinogen, euglobulin lysis time, antifibrinolysin, hematocrit, and platelet The upper limit of autoregulation of cerebral blood flow was studied in ten young baboons. Blood pressure was increased by infusing angiotensin, and cerebral blood flow was measured by the intracarotid 133 Xenon injection method. Autoregulation was maintained until blood pressure was 30% to 40% above resting values. At this blood pressure level, cerebrovascular resistance reached a maximum. Any additional increase in blood pressure resulted in an increase in cerebral blood flow and a decrease in cerebrovascular resistance; this situation is designated the "breakthrough of autoregulation." In four baboons subjected to unilateral sympathetic denervation, autoregulation of cerebral blood flow was studied bilaterally; no difference in the upper limit of autoregulation was found between the intact and the sym-pathectomized hemisphere. The breakthrough of autoregulation supposedly plays an important role in the pathogenesis of acute hypertensive encephalopathy. The old concept of hypertensive cerebral vasospasm has been revised in recent years, and it is now generally recognized that acute hypertensive encephalopathy is caused by focal overdisten-tion of brain arterioles with lesions of the blood-brain barrier. However, whether this condition is associated with a high cerebral blood flow in the clinical syndrome has not been investigated. The cerebral metabolic and vascular effects of isoflurane (Forane) were investigated in six unmedicated ventilated dogs. At the MAC of this anesthetic (1.4%, end-expired) there was a 23% decrease in the rate of cerebral oxygen consumption (CMRo 2 ) (compared with values at end-expired concentrations of <0.1%). At a higher concentration of isoflurane (2.4%, end-expired), a 30% reduction in CMR 0 , was observed. Cerebral blood flow (CBF) increased by 33% and 63% at the 1.4% and 2.4% concentrations, respectively. The increase in CBF was due entirely to a decrease in cerebral vascular resistance (CVR) and occurred despite an accompanying significant decrease in arterial blood pressure. The response of CBF to change in Paco 2 was appropriate during isoflurane anesthesia and was not different from that previously observed during halothane and methoxyflurane anesthesia. The effects of enflurane at <0.1%, 2.2%, and 4.2% (end- expired) concentrations on cerebral metabolism and circulation were studied in six dogs. A 34% decrease in cerebral ox- ygen consumption (CMR 0 ,) occurred at 2.2% (ap- proximately MAC), and no further decrease was observed at 4.2%. Cerebral blood flow (CBF) was increased at each of the higher concentrations despite progressive significant decreases in arterial pressure. In four additional dogs, anesthesia was maintained at 1.5 ABSTRACTS established and seizures were again induced by pen- tylenetetrazol (30 mg/kg). These seizures could not be differentiated from those previously induced by hypocapnia and hand clapping. We conclude that enflurane generally resembles other halogenated anesthetics in its effects on CMRo, and CBF but differs in producing seizures similar to those produced by a known convulsant. This is a review of the relationship between the elec- troencephalogram (EEG) and the regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) with special emphasis on physiologic and pathophysiologie mechanisms. Hyperventilation results in slowing of the EEG and decreased rCBF. It is concluded that decreased cerebral Po, caused by decreased rCBF is the main factor responsible for EEG slowing and that increased cerebral pH only is of less importance in the EEG changes. This does not mean that the EEG slowing is caused by "classic hypoxia" since EEG slowing can occur without loss of consciousness and without changes in the aerobic- anaerobic cerebral glucose metabolism. Other mechanisms influenced by the cerebral Po, also seem to be involved. The "cerebral activity" and the cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen (CMRo,) normally are related and result primarily in an EEG-CMRo, coupling that is reflected in an EEG-rCBF coupling; when such coupling exists there is a positive cor- relation between EEG frequency, CMRo,, and rCBF. These couplings are illustrated by the changes in the EEG and in the CMRo, or rCBF occurring during pharmacologic activation or depression of the central nervous system, dur- ing mental activity, during grand mal seizure, during demen-tia, and during various cerebral diseases. Several other fac- tors than the CMRo, also influence the EEG and the rCBF, carotid blood flow was simultaneously measured in monkeys. The experimental technique, which was validated by observations on response of the intracranial and extracranial vasculature to CO 2 in-halation, hypertension, sympathetic stimulation, and the cerebral vasodilator, papaverine, appears to be an improved approach to the study of migraine mechanisms in the animal model. Intracarotid serotonin was shown by this method to constrict both the internal and external carotid arteries. This effect was prevented by intracarotid methysergide, which itself produced only a transient constriction of the same vessels. findings can be differentiated from those associated with atherosclerotic vascular disease and correlate the usual pathologic features of meningovascular syphilis. The increasing incidence and frequent atypical presentation of syphilis the importance of this in focal neurologic disease suggestive angiographic findings. three-month-old boy presented with multiple cutaneous vascular anomalies and acute subarachnoid hemorrhage. Cerebral angiography showed multiple ectatic cerebral vessels and a large basilar artery aneurysm. An autopsy con- firmed the angiographic findings of widespread arteriectasis and aneurysm formation involving the cerebral, thoracic and abdominal vasculature. Microscopic study of the vessels showed marked degeneration of the media. The cause of the generalized arterial dysplasia in the case is unknown; a metabolic defect affecting early vascular development is postulated. Prompt cerebral angiography is suggested as a safe, valuable technique by which to delineate these unusual and potentially treatable causes of subarachnoid hemorrhage in children. axial tomography found to be ex- tremely informative in evaluating intracerebral and intraventricular hemorrhage. The precise anatomical extent of the hematoma, associated cerebral edema, ventricular defor-mity and displacement, and are all readily assessed. Serial direct magnification angiography enhances detailed orbital vasculature apart from the surrounding vessels and aids in the diagnosis of orbital neoplasms. Selective tech- niques show branches of the internal and external carotid arteries supplying the orbit and their important anastomotic channels. The dual blood supply to the orbit is structured on embryological origins. ABSTRACTS Light and scanning electron microscopy were used to show thrombus formation on an experimental model, a guide wire-catheter assembly, after iniravascular placement in a dog. The experimental model was tested prior to and following systemic heparin


The symposium focuses on the current state‐of‐the‐art in "Computational Methods in Chemical Engineering: Physical Chemistry", as they lead to the next generation of methods, approaches, and research foci in the field. This field encompasses a broad range of problems and approaches: ranging from atomistic quantum mechanical calculation of molecules to computer aided modeling and simulation in the development, integration and optimization of industrial processes. Here we limit the symposium's thematic focus on topics that are under the general scope of "Physical Chemistry", in the broader sense, embracing traditional chemical engineering topics (e.g. thermodynamics, solutions, polymers) and looking forward to research directions where the field is expanding (e.g. life sciences, biological engineering).


The high content natural vitamin E was extracted by solvent method and distillation.The results showed that the content of vitamin E reached 71% and the first recovery ratio reached 65%.Better solvent is methanol.


Identification of deceased is an essential part of post-mortem examination. A number of parameters are used for identification however the determination of sex is statistically the most important criteria. It immediately excludes almost half the population, in comparison to age, stature and race which provide wide number of variables. There have been a number of studies regarding sexing of the sternal bone throughout the world but the studies in India especially Delhi, the capital city of India are virtually non-existent. The present study was an attempt to determine the sternal parameters that can be used to identify the sex of an individual, where sternal bone is available.


As thermal stress of the power semiconductor is an important indicator for reliable power converter operation, the mapping of the junction temperature is becoming crucial need. In this paper, the loss dissipation and thermal stress of the power semiconductor are investigated in the universal H-bridge test bench. It starts with its basic operation principle. Based on the loss and thermal model of the power semiconductor, dominating factors (e.g. power factor, loading current amplitude, fundamental frequency, and switching frequency) impact on the loading stress of the power semiconductors are considerably investigated. Finally, the junction temperature of the power device in terms of the mean vale and temperature swing is verified in PLECS simulation and experimental setup.


Volume regulation is a basic cellular property, which is required in every living organism. Cells that are subjected to hypo-osmotic shock will start to swell and subsequently will release K+ and Cl- through K+ and Cl- channels in order to restore their original volume. In 2014, two independent groups identified LRRC8A as a major component of Volume Regulated Anion Channels (VRAC). This thesis provides evidences, that in addition to LRRC8A other chloride channels, namely anoctamins or TMEM16 and bestrophin 1 are involved in volume regulation and offers a putative mechanic model for VRAC activation. Additionally, regarding the high sequence similarity between Anoctamins and TMC (Transmembrane channel like proteins), the role of TMC in volume regulation and Ca2+ signaling is investigated.
Patch clamp analysis of ANO6 (Anoctamin 6 or TMEM16F) overexpressing HEK 293 cells shows a two fold increase in swelling activated whole cell currents compared to control cells. These currents are inhibited by a potent inhibitor of VRAC as well as a number of inhibitors of Anoctamins. VRAC activity and RVD (Regulatory Volume Decrease) are strongly reduced when Ca2+ is removed and the mechanisms are depending on the activation of ANO6. In fact membrane stretch due to cell swelling activates TRP (Transient Receptor Potential) channels, therefore allowing Ca2+ to enter the cells. Simultaneously the intracellular Cl- concentration is diluted due to water influx and releases ANO6 from Cl- inhibition. In addition Ca2+ entering cells during cell swelling may further activate PLA2 (phospholipase A2). This phospholipase cleaves fatty acid from the plasma membrane and the subsequent accumulation of lysophospholipids leads to membrane tension which - together with increased Ca2+ levels - activates ANO6 at the junctional zone.
 In addition to ANO6, ANO10 (Anoctamin 10 or TMEM16K) also plays a critical role in volume regulation. This function is identified in Xenopus laevis oocytes and HEK293 cells. It appears that the expression of ANO10 produces large outwardly rectifying whole cell currents when cells are subjected to hypotonic solution. On the other hands, expression of R263H-ANO10, a coding variant of ANO10, fails to produce swelling-activated whole cell currents. ANO10 also augments Ca2+ signaling in HEK293 overexpressing cells, while Ca2+ signaling is reduced when R263H-ANO10 is expressed. These results are in agreement to the localization of ANO10 which we found to be mainly in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Therefore we suggest that ANO10 may facilitate volume regulation by changing Ca2+ signaling. Since volume regulation is known to be involved in cell migration, the role of ANO10 on macrophage migration and on their phagocytosis activity is investigated. The study shows that both migration and phagocytotic activity are reduced in the absence of ANO10. These results suggest that ANO10 is a new player in the innate immune system, controlling volume regulation and macrophage function.
 Bestrophin 1 is known to be a Ca2+ activated Cl- channel in the retinal pigment epithelial cells (RPE). Its role in volume regulation was also investigated. Interestingly, Best1 knock out mice show impairment related to volume regulation such as sperm morphology and motility. A study conducted in RPE cells isolated from patients with an inherited from of macular dystrophy, carrying heterozygous mutations in Best1, shows absence of swelling-activated whole cell currents, while knockdown of LRRC8A (a putative major component of VRAC) in healthy RPE cells does not affect swelling-activated whole cell currents. Therefore Best1 is suggested to be an essential component of VRAC in human RPE cells and mouse sperm.
 Since TMC proteins show sequence similarities to anoctamins, we examined their role in volume regulation. However, none of the TMCs can augment swelling-activated whole cell currents. Surprisingly TMC8 largely reduced swelling-activated whole cell currents in overexpressing HEK293 cells. Not only the swelling-activated currents, but also RVD is largely compromised in the presence of TMC8. Ca2+ measurements reveal that TMC8 inhibits ATP-induced Ca2+ release without affecting Ca2+ level in the ER store or SOCE (Store Operated Calcium Entry). Chelation of intracellular Zn2+ largely inhibited ATP-induced Ca2+ release as well as ATP-activated ANO1 currents. These and further results suggest that upon stimulation with ATP, Zn2+ is co-released with Ca2+ and further augment Ca2+ release from the store. The presence of TMC8 interferes with this process, since it is known that TMC8 interacts with ZnT1-transporter and regulate Zn2+ re-uptake into the ER via ZnT-1.


OF THESIS A PETROGRAPHIC CHRACTERIZATION OF THE LEATHERWOOD COAL BED IN EASTERN KENTUCKY The Eastern Kentucky Coal Field is located in the central portion of the Appalachian Basin. The Pennsylvanian Breathitt Formation in this region is characterized by numerous sequences of bituminous coal-bearing sedimentary rocks. These coals have distinct maceral compositions due to variations in depositional environments. Coal characterization is an important method for determining conditions that influenced peat accumulation and overall depositional settings of mires. This study focuses on the characterization of the maceral composition of the Middle Pennsylvanian-age Leatherwood coal bed. It utilizes petrographical, palynological, and geochemical analyses to describe specific depositional environments and associated peat accumulation conditions. Petrographic analyses indicate that these coals have relatively high liptinite and varying inertinite content, along with trace amounts of mineral matter. Vitrinite, mainly in the form of collotelinite, is the most dominant maceral group. Geochemical data reveal low ash and sulfur content. Ancillary palynological data shows the palynomorph assemblage to be dominated by tree fern and large lycopsid tree spores, with lesser amounts of small lycopsid tree, small fern, and cordaites and calamites spores. The petrographic, geochemical and palynological data indicate that both domed, ombrotrophic, and planar, rheotrophic mire conditions, with limited local detrital influx, contributed to the formation of the Leatherwood coal. .


Taizhou city is one of the areas that are most vulnerable to typhoon storm surge in China.Inundation risk analysis is important to Taizhou's marine disaster prevention and mitigation.A typhoon track is selected as a reference,which could cause the maximum storm surge over the entire region.For the sake of safety,the maxi-mum storm surge should be superimposed on the high astronomical tide.According to the intensity of typhoon,storm surge's intensity is divided into six categories.Inundation risk should be evaluated through the different flooding areas caused by storm surge for various intensity.It should be more reasonable to take the effect of barri-er into consideration.Inundation risk assessment indicate that Taizhou city will be largely flooded due to the low elevation of Taizhou City.Furthermore,the severity of disaster depends on the inundation depth and extent.


Chinese multinational enterprises (MNEs) have adopted aggressive internationalization strategies in recent years. Despite the impressive success, they have encountered serious and prolonged legitim...


Copyright © 2016 by Korean Geriatric Society This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Risk of Traumatic Intracranial Hemorrhage From Low-Energy Falls in the Oldest-Old Patients


A nozzle was used to generate freely supported totally enclosed thin liquid films, known as 'liquid bells', from suspensions of Escherichia coli in water and humic acid solutions. Disinfection was achieved by continuously recirculating the liquids to the nozzle and irradiating the bells generated with ultraviolet light. The absorptivities at 254 nm of the liquids treated ranged from 0.18 to 4.0 and after 30 min treatment E. coli viability, expressed in terms of surviving fractions, was reduced to 1.88 times 10‐5 and 1.84 times 10‐4 respectively.


Two hundred and thirty two patients with genitourinary prolapse were operated via an abdominal incision between 1981 and 1994. The technique consisted of retroperitoneal promontofixation, systematically associated with a retropubic colposuspension, levator myorrhaphy, Douglassectomy and uterosacral ligamentoplasty. The mean age of operated patients was 52.57 years (30-85 years), the mean follow-up was 17.8 months (1-105). 65 patients (27.7%) had a history of foetal macrosomy, 125 women (53.4%) were delivered without forceps or expression, and 2 patients (0.8%) had never procreated. The main presenting complaint was prolapse in 197 patients (84.4%), while 140 patients complained of urinary incontinence (60.3%). A urodynamic assessment was systematically performed before the operation and revealed defective transmission in 160 cases (71%); sphincter incompetence in 62 cases (62/228 cases, i.e. 27%); a combination of sphincter incompetence and defective transmission in 40 cases (17.7%). The results were assessed in terms of anatomical and functional parameters. The anatomical results revealed 21 recurrences, the majority of which were posterior recurrences, and the functional results were marked by urinary functional disorders such as urinary incontinence (30%), urgent micturition (14%) and dyspareunia (21%).


Twitter has been one of the main sources of information and discussion during the COVID-19 pandemics. This paper characterizes a set of more than 56 million tweets written in Portuguese and collected over a period of 70 days. Our analysis includes the volume of messages, text of tweets, location of tweets, the main elements of tweets (e.g. hashtags and URLs) and the user profiles, including gender. The analyses showed the most discussed topics in the period were quarantine, hydroxychloroquine, agglomeration and social distance, and that the discussions were centered in political issues (e.g., most common hashtags include "fechadocombolsonaro" and "forabolsonaro"). CCS Concepts: • Applied computing;


The present research investigated information processing in situations where there is insufficient evidence to make a judgment and no possibility of avoiding a judgment. The research was inspired by the question answering model of Glucksberg and McCloskey (1981), which stated that, if it is important to find an answer to a question, then the failure of a preliminary memory search to find any relevant information leads to additional attempts, that may employ gradually looser criteria of relevance than that used originally. It was hypothesized that the criterion of relevance could finally become loose enough to include a memory representation of a single and not salient instance. The hypothesis was tested in 3 experiments. In Experiment I the experience of a single instance was provided to the subjects by means of subliminally exposed words, and the dependent measure was subjects' choice of "better fitting" words. In Experiments 2 and 3 the subjects were provided with single instances by means of a quasi-natural interaction with a person who was similar to 1 of 2 other persons the subjects were subsequently exposed to. The dependent measure was subjects' choice of one of those persons as more friendly, and the choice was made again under quasi-natural conditions. All 3 experiments confirmed the model and indicated that subjects based their judgments on the single instance they were exposed to.


The Ruhr was, and is, the economic engine of Europe, and the hegemony it conferred on Germany has been cited as the cause of the two world wars and the reason for interwar instability in Europe. In this admirable book, John Gillingham attempts to show how this economic demon was converted into an angel that would lead postwar Europe into a brave new world of cooperation, security, and growth. He persuasively argues that the key to the conversion was the creation of the European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC) in 1952 (which in turn paved the way for the Treaty of Rome in 1957), and that the ECSC was itself the result of attempts (mainly by France and Germany) to bring about institutional cooperation, attempts that had their roots in the interwar period. This book is a valuable companion to both Alan Milward's The Reconstruction of Western Europe, 1945-1951 (1984) and Michael Hogan's The Marshall Plan: America, Britain, and the Reconstruction of Western Europe, 1947-1952 (1987).


In this study, the behavior of carbon atoms in the annealing/cooling process of graphene/Cu(111) substrates is investigated using photoelectron spectroscopy and secondary ion mass spectroscopy. After the growth of graphene on Cu(111) surfaces, Cu2O was formed at the graphene/Cu interface during transportation through air atmosphere. The Cu2O layer completely disappeared by vacuum annealing at 500 °C. Graphene was decomposed and carbon atoms diffused into the Cu substrate by further elevation of annealing temperature to 950 °C. When the sample was cooled down, the carbon atoms did not segregate on the surface and remained in the Cu substrate. This result indicates the carbon atoms easily diffuse into Cu substrates in vacuum annealing while the amount of diffused carbon atoms in the thermal chemical vapor deposition (CVD) process is smaller, suggesting that the barrier layer, which prevents the diffusion of C atoms, exists on Cu surfaces in the graphene CVD growth.


— Cascade control is commonly used in the control of chemical processes to reject disturbances that have a rapid effect on a secondary measured variable, before the primary controlled variable is affected. In this paper, cascade control strategy is used to control the temperature inside a jacketed exothermic continuous stirred tank reactor. The transfer functions of the cascade control loops were identified from the literature [1]. The ultimate gains for the secondary and primary loops were determined using direct substitution, Routh-Hurwitz, Root-locus and Bode methods. To tune the controllers, the secondary controller was first tuned, and then the primary controller was tuned using Ziegler-Nichols technique. The system stability was determined, analyzed and investigated using Routh and Argand diagram.


Lymphadenopathy or often known as lymphatic disease is a disease that is very risky if not handled properly. There are so many signs or symptoms of this disease that have not been known to the public, some even consider it an ordinary lump that grows on the human body and do not know that they are experiencing lymphadenopathy in themselves [3]. Usually to find out the disease in the lump, do an examination to the hospital or consult a doctor. Based on these problems, a technique or method is needed that can facilitate the community in diagnosing the early symptoms of this lymphadenopathy, one of which is by using an expert system. An expert system that in solving problems with oral and nail diseases, one of them uses the Naïve Bayes method. Naïve Bayes is a probability method by predicting future opportunities based on past experience. With the aim of making it easier for ordinary people to take the first step in dealing with diseases that are experienced about lumps on the body. Based on the results of the application of the Naïve Bayes method, the results are based on the input of the user's symptoms, the accuracy of the results of lymphadenopathy in users with mild lymphadenopathy is 32% and acute lymphadenopathy is 68%. critical


Marital dissolution is a complex process, experienced in diverse ways. However, most divorce research is based on the reports of divorced individuals. A dyadic perspective is needed to capture the entire range of reasons for divorce. Thc purpose of this study was to clarify what reasons for divorce were made by former spouses, and to investigate the extent of agreement and disagreemcnt between their reports of the divorce process. Former husbands reported proportionally more circumstantial reasons and dyadic conditions, and fewer individual reasons and dyadic behaviors than did their former wives. The lack of association between couple agreement on reasons and demographic variables suggested that the reasons embedded in personal accounts were more important to understanding divorce, and thus merit further investigation.


Food Justice is a movement that believes all communities, regardless of race or income, can have both increased access to healthy food and the power to influence a food system that prioritizes environment and human needs over corporate profits.


A 27-year-old man noticed decreased visual acuity in his right eye for 3 months. His medical history was relevant for Hashimoto disease diagnosed 2 years before. Best corrected visual acuity was 20/60 in the right eye and 20/20 in the left eye. Ophthalmoscopic examination in the right eye revealed a pinkishyellow tumor with 2 mm basal diameter. There were prominent feeding and draining vessels associated with the lesion (Figure 1A). Left eye examination was unremarkable. Fluorescein angiogram demonstrated the tumor to be vascular (Figure 1B). Magnetic resonance imaging of the brain and systemic studies were normal. The patient reported no family history of hemangiomas. No treatment was recommended because the tumor was small and failed to show signs of progression after 3 months. During the following month, the visual acuity in the affected eye deteriorated to 20/60. Funduscopic examination revealed an increase in retinal exudation and detachment associated with the tumor. Two months later, the patient was asymptomatic. At this time, best corrected visual acuity was recorded 20/25 in the right eye. Examination revealed spontaneous involution of the tumor with a replacing area of fibrosis (Figure 2A). These findings were demonstrated by a follow-up fluorescein angiogram (Figure 2B).


Major issues cited include transport demand, transportation and land use interactions, developers obligations, and no-growth, slow-growth policies and transportation. With regard to the major issues cited, he gives grounds for the issue, pros and cons, winners and losers, and implications for transportation. He does not feel that the current trend toward working in suburban areas 1s a signal that public transit will be the mode of choice. On the contrary, he sees it as a signal that use of the personal automobile is the preferred mode of choice and will continue to be so. He also feels that present highway and transit systems have been designed based on radial patterns as opposed to newer circumferential flows and that as populations have grown so have our transportation needs, but that the transportation problem is too misunderstood to have a viable solution in the near future.


Objective To discuss the MR features of the intraparenchymal meningioma.Materials and Methods The CT and MRI features of 6 cases with intraparenchymal meningioma confirmed by surgical and pathological results were analyzed retrospectively (6 males,range from 6~22 years old with average age 12 years).6 cases were performed with plain and enhanced MRI,1 case with both CT and MRI.Results 3 cases were in sylvian fissure,1 case in frontal lobe,temporal lobe and occipital lobe respectively.All tumors (6/6) were parenchymal mass with clear boundary.The tumors showed slightly hypointensity (2/6) or isointensity signal (4/6) on T1WI,and hyperintensity (2/6) or slightly hyperintensity signal (4/6)on T2WI,hyperintensity (5/6) and isointensity signal(1/6) on T2 FLAIR,peritumor edema was found(1/6).Parenchymatous were markedly,quickly and persistent enhancement(6/6),cystic changes(5/6) and calcification(3/6) were also found.Conclusion The intraparenchymal meningiomas have typical MR features.The diagnosis of meningioma in intraparenchymal depends on their typical MR appearances,specific location and gender of patients.


Certified copy of the inventory of the real and personal estate of Abraham Lincoln from the State of Illinois, Sangamon County


program require exceptionally large and precise support structures. The scale of these structures and stringency of their dimensional stability will present a number of challenges in the ground verification testing stage of their development and deployment. This paper will discuss a number of the unique challenges involved in developing validation procedures for these structures. It will also describe a novel approach to the development and validation of nonlinear component models of the structural mechanics. This "Component in the Loop" approach offers the ability to directly measure the in situ coupled behavior of a structural component as part of the ex situ component testing process. This testing methodology would allow the coupled system level response of the larger structure to be assessed without the need for assuming particular nonlinear component model forms.


Performing laboratory experiments is an integral and unavoidable part of STEM education. The teaching efficacy of laboratory experiments can be optimized by integrating ICT-based tools into the curriculum. As teachers are the key facilitators in practical lessons, it is imperative that they adopt the latest teaching technologies, such as virtual laboratories (VLs). To achieve optimal student learning outcomes, teachers ideally undergo adequate training programs that equip them with relevant knowledge and skills to utilize VLs. As myriad training workshops and self-learning tools are available to teachers, the efficacy of training programs needs to be precisely evaluated to determine their quality and design better programs for posterity. Kirkpatrick's four-level model is suited to evaluate teaching training, as it takes into consideration holistic aspects of learning: learners' reactions, learning outcomes, behavior, and results. In this study, we conducted and evaluated a VL teacher training program in Africa, applying Kirkpatrick's model analysis. Our results indicate a significant improvement in participants' perception and attitude toward VL after attending the training. Also, the training proved to be effective in improving the learning outcomes of the participants. We found a huge hike in the number of VL users in Africa after conducting the training program, indicating the overall success of the program. It met the needs of the teachers and equipped them with the necessary skills and knowledge to utilize VLs in their teaching practices. This study may assist future trainers to design successful teacher training programs in laboratory education.


The way a cell undergoes malignant transformation should meet their capacity of surviving in the microenvironment of the organ where the cancer will develop. Metabolic adaptation is for sure one of the criteria that must be accomplished, driven by metabolic plasticity that allows the adaptation of cancer cells to the availability of energy and biomass sources that will sustain cell survival and proliferation. Each human organ has a particular microenvironment which is created by several cell types and in some cases also by symbiotic microorganisms. These biological partners are constantly sharing organic compounds and signaling molecules that will control cell proliferation and differentiation, accounting for the organ's function.


1. Inhibitory modualtion of the three Ca2+ channel current components by neurotransmitters was studied using the whole‐cell patch‐clamp method in a mammalian cell line, NG108‐15. 2. In cells differentiated with dibutyryl cyclic AMP, both the low‐voltage‐activated current (ILVA) and omega CgTX‐sensitive high‐voltage‐activated current (I omega CgTX) could be inhibited by [D‐phen2, D‐phen5]enkephalin, acetylcholine and noradrenaline. In contrast, differentiation with prostaglandin E1 and theophylline eliminated the agonist‐induced inhibition of ILVA, but enhanced that of I omega CgTX. The DHP‐sensitive high‐voltage‐activated current was unaffected by the transmitters in most of the cells. 3. The inhibition was prevented by pre‐treatment of cells with pertussis toxin, suggesting involvement of a G‐protein. Long treatment of the cells with phorbol ester did not prevent the inhibition. 4. The inhibition was always partial: the maximal inhibition was 40% for ILVA and 70% for I omega CgTX. 5. The inhibition of ILVA and I omega CgTX was relieved during depolarization. Half‐maximal relief of inhibition of I omega CgTX was attained at 0 mV, irrespective of agonist concentration. 6. The kinetics of removal and re‐establishment of inhibition were voltage dependent. Both processes were single exponentials and had identical time constants at a given membrane potential. Time constants were 124 ms at ‐40 mV, 160 ms at 0 mV and 8 ms at 60 mV, at any agonist concentration. 7. Time courses of tail currents were unaltered by the inhibition. 8. The inhibition of the omega CgTX‐sensitive Ca2+ channel can be described as a shift in gating modes; with an additional voltage‐dependent gating state activated by the agonists. The voltage‐dependent properties of this modulation allow inhibition of Ca2+ channel to be overcome by high‐frequency trains of action potentials.


Radio signals can potentially transmit wireless information and energy simultaneously, hence energy harvesting (EH) through simultaneous wireless information and power transfer (SWIPT) has been proposed for next generation wireless devices. In this paper, the joint base station and relay station transmitter design, and receiver power splitting for a downlink multiuser multiple-input-multiple-output (MU-MIMO) simultaneous wireless information and power transfer (SWIPT) system was investigated. The objective is to minimize the source and relay transmit powers by jointly optimizing the base station precoder, amplify-and-forward relay matrix, the power splitting (PS) ratio, and information decoding mobile stations (MSs) minimum mean squared error (MMSE) receivers subjected to both given mean squared error (MSE) and energy harvesting (EH) constraints. This non-convex problem can be solved by using semi-definite relaxation (SDR). Simulation results show that the proposed technique can harvest sufficient energy to provide additional powers to recharge the IoT devices.


We are interested in determining the sensitivity of a tactical cognitive radio (CR) system to intentional spoofing. That is, we assume the existence of an intelligent adversary whose goal is to attack the CR system by deceiving the secondary users into believing that as many frequency bands as possible are occupied by primary users, thus minimizing the number of bands in which the secondary users attempt to transmit. We refer to this operation by the adversary as ``spoofing", and the specific spoofing signal we choose is a partial-band noise waveform. That is, for a given total power level that is available to the adversary, we maximize the average number of false detections incurred by secondary users as a result of the spoofing. We consider a channel such that each band experiences flat Rayleigh fading, whereby the fading is independent from band to band, and derive the average number of false detections by the secondary users due to the spoofing. The results obtained for the fading channel are compared to similar results for an additive white Gaussian noise channel (AWGN). They are also compared to a physically unrealizable scenario whereby the spoofing knows the instantaneous fade gains of the spoofing waveform at the victim CR receiver. This latter result is presented as a ``worst-case" perspective as to how well the spoofing operation can be expected to perform.


CHARGES A series of one-dimensional heating experiments was performed with selected high explosives (HEs) in unconfined spherical geometries. The purpose of the program was to observe experimentally the thermal behavior of HE specimens near their ignition temperature and also to examine the accuracy with which the Arrhenius kinetics models can simulate the ignition process. All test samples were instrumented with thermocouples and the timetemperature data were recorded on a flexible disk. Comparisons between analytical predictions and test data show that (1) the explosives go through a solid-state induction process before the Arrhenius models describe their behavior effectively, (2) the explosives have a "memory" of the induction process, and (3) the Arrhenius model can accurately predict the critical temperature but not necessarily the time to ignition.


The wheat varieties for different uses were chosen to study the effects of different boron concentration on the activities of amylase,bud potentials,germination rate,activities of roots,structure of root tip and seedling growth.The results were as followed that lower concentrations of boron promoted the bud potential and germination rate,while higher concentrations of boron restrained these traits,the best effects was observed at 20 μmol·L-1 of boron.The activities of roots,root length,bud length,root weight and bud weight showed a trend of increase firstly and then decrease.Root length and root weight were more sensitive to boron than bud;A certain boron concentrations could advance the volumes and quantities of meristematic cells in root tip.Different wheat varieties for different uses responded differently to boron as Yangmai 16 with medium glutenYangmai19 with weak glutenLuomai8 with strong gluten.


The general equation Del 2 Phi =-4 pi f is studied where f not=0 all over a three-dimensional Euclidean space and has no symmetries. The necessary and sufficient conditions for the existence of a solution vanishing at infinity are derived. Some specific differential equations of the above form appearing in general relativity are explicitly solved. Several properties of the solutions are established.


The molluscicidal ecacy of Rhizophora mangle on Galba cubensis was evaluated through three bioas-says: two using aqueous extracts, one raw method extract (RME) and the other infusion method extract (IME), and direct application of powder (DAP). A completely randomized experimental design with three treatments, a control and ve replicates was used. LD50 and LD90 were determined using Probit-Log software. RME was used at 500, 400, 333 and 289 g L −1 concentrations; IME at 50, 25, 12.5 and 6 g L −1 ; and DAP extract at 0.540, 0.270 and 0.135 g. IME residence time and toxicity at 50 g L<sup<−1 in the substrate were also determined. We recorded 96, 80, 76, and 59 % cumulative mortalities with RME at 500, 400, 333, and 286 g L −1 concentrations, respectively; LD50 was 261.4 g L −1 and LD90, 442.79 g L −1 . For IME, it was 100, 94, 90 and 16 % for the concentrations of 50, 25, 12.5 and 6 g L −1 ; LDL50 was 8.57 g L −1 and LD90, 15.83 g L −1 . Mortalities with DAP extract were 70, 58, and 22 % at the 0.540, 0.270 and 0.135 g concentrations respectively, none of which reached LD90 and only the 0.540 g concentration reached LD50. IME residence and toxicity at 50 g L −1 decrease signicantly after eight hours.


Voiculescu's notion of asymptotic free independence is known for a large class of random matrices including independent unitary invariant matrices. This notion is extended for independent random matrices invariant in law by conjugation by permutation matrices. This fact leads naturally to an extension of free probability, formalized under the notions of traffic probability.

We first establish this construction for random matrices. We define the traffic distribution of random matrices, which is richer than the

 ∗

 ^*

-distribution of free probability. The knowledge of the individual traffic distributions of independent permutation invariant families of matrices is sufficient to compute the limiting distribution of the joint family. Under a factorization assumption, we call traffic independence the asymptotic rule that plays the role of independence with respect to traffic distributions. Wigner matrices, Haar unitary matrices and uniform permutation matrices converge in traffic distributions, a fact which yields new results on the limiting

 ∗

 ^*

-distributions of several matrices we can construct from them.

Then we define the abstract traffic spaces as non-commutative probability spaces with more structure. We prove that at an algebraic level, traffic independence in some sense unifies the three canonical notions of tensor, free and Boolean independence. A central limiting theorem is stated in this context, interpolating between the tensor, free and Boolean central limit theorems.


A, Delecluse C et al. Habitual level of physical activity and muscle fatigue of the elbow flexor muscles in older men. L et al. Lower extremity performance is associated with daily life physical activity in individuals with and without peripheral arterial disease. Muscle strength in the triceps surae and objectively measured customary walking activity in men and women over 65 years of age. A short physical performance battery assessing lower extremity function: association with self-reported disability and prediction of mortality and nursing home admission. The association between physical function and lifestyle activity and exercise in the health, aging and body composition study. Effect of exercise on ease in performing activities of daily living and instrumental activities of daily living from age 70 to 77: the Jerusalem longitudinal study. Rennie KL et al. Validity and repeatability of a simple index derived from the short physical activity questionnaire used in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) study. SIR—The Folstein Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), developed in 1975 as a bedside test of cognitive function, has been extensively used in clinical practice and research and is widely accepted as a clinical tool for diagnosing and monitoring dementia [1]. Despite its low sensitivity and specificity (0.56 and 0.73, respectively, in one recent study) [2], comparable tools, including the Modified MMSE of Teng and Chui [3] have not received such widespread acceptance. It contains 11 questions that test orientation, registration, attention, calculation, recall, language and visuospatial functioning, with a maximum score of 30. It takes minutes to administer and is practical for routine clinical use. Most questions are administered verbally. Hearing loss reduces performance on the verbal parts of the examination even in cognitively intact patients, with potential diagnostic error and alteration of management [4]. This is of concern, as hearing impairment affects over one-fourth of people over 65 years of age, and half of those over 75 years in most industrialised nations [5]. Uhlmann [6] tested 71 Alzheimer's disease subjects with varying levels of hearing, using both written and standard versions of the MMSE. Paradoxically, they found that hearing-impaired subjects scored higher in the standard than the written version, while subjects with normal hearing performed better using the written version, although these findings were not statistically significant. We (M.M.) developed a written version of the MMSE, found it clinically useful, and report here an evaluation of its performance in a hospital-based population …


Climate and land-use change are important factors in the hydrological process. Climatic and anthropic changes have played a crucial role in surface runoff changes. The objective of this research was to apply land-use change and future climate change to predict runoff change in the Pak Phanang River Basin. The Cellular Automata (CA)-Markov model was used to predict the land-use change, while the climate data from 2025 to 2085 under RPC2.6, RPC4.5, and RPC8.5 were generated using the MarkSim model. Additionally, the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) combined land-use change and the generated meteorological data to predict the runoff change in the study area. The results showed that the annual runoff in the area would increase in the upcoming year, which would affect the production of field crops in the lowland area. Therefore, a good water drainage system is required for the coming years. Since the runoff would be about 50% reduced in the middle and late 21st century, an agroforestry system is also suggested for water capturing and reducing soil evaporation. Moreover, the runoff change's overall impact was related to GHG emissions. This finding will be useful for the authorities to determine policies and plans for climate change adaptation in the Malay Peninsula.


Excavations in 1972–75 on behalf of the Department of the Environment revealed an extensive Iron Age settlement and traces of widespread Roman agricultural and industrial activity at Wakerley, Northamptonshire (FIG. 2). The settlement was situated in Wakerley parish, immediately to the south of the road running between the villages of Wakerley and Harringworth and nine miles north-northeast of Corby (FIG. 3). It was sited on sloping ground, overlooking the valley of the River Welland, and some ½ mile from the river itself. From the site there are extensive views of the river valley to the north and west and of the hills and dales of Rutland that lie beyond. A deep natural gully occurs in the hillside, just to the west of the settlement and, as a result, the site is in an open position and fully exposed to the westerly winds. The settlement was located between the 250 and 300 ft. contours on a wide expanse of Lower Lincolnshire Limestone. Clays of the LowerEstuarine Series and outcrops of Northampton Sand and Ironstone occur on the lower slopes of the valley below the site and in the adjacent gully to the west. It is likely that a convenient supply of water would have been available in this gully in earlier periods, but this has been piped away in modern times.


This paper describes a very innovative approach to integrating face-to-face and real-time Internet-based education and training in NDE. In addition, the developed techniques could be utilized for NDE procedures in industries, in which the human presence is limited or restricted. Education and training in NDE involves a hands-on laboratoryand project-based learning of NDE techniques, which will lead to better understanding of engineering methods and principles used in real-world commercial applications. This approach encourages engineering and engineering technology students to be involved in research and development in NDE. One of the main objectives of the project was to develop a videoconference teaching facility, which can provide greater program delivery flexibility in NDE education and training. Real-time remote control of automatic flaw detectors USN 58L and USN 60 devices has been developed. Utilizing UltraVNC (Virtual Network Computing) software control functions and commands, one can remotely control and change any setting of the flaw detectors, such as calibration of the detectors and evaluation of test objects. This configuration of equipment and software packages allow students at the remote site to participate fully in laboratory activities. All commands performed by the USN 58L and USN 60 correspond to similar commands performed under LabVIEWTM control from the remote computer.


In this paper, we propose a painterly image generation system which generates images based on input 3-dimensional models, and which uses a systematization of painting styles in modern paintings based on visual perception. We present methods for parametric transformation of each painting style by controlling parameters based on vision in our proposed system. In this research, we systematized painting styles used in modern paintings, such as Impressionism, Cubism, and abstract paintings, by introducing parameters that include form vision, space vision and color vision, all of which are associated with visual information processing. Based on this, our proposed image generation system determines the painting styles to be applied and their levels of abstraction according to the amount and balance of visual parameters, and then performs parametric transformation from an input 3D model. Finally the system generates a painterly image in which the respective features related to form vision, space vision and color vision have been emphasized, diminished or omitted.


The paper presents the conceptual genesis of performatic action, a preferential tactic today of revolutionary parties which seek to step out of political isolation, giving priority to events with clear potential of visibility, like demonstrations. One of the foundations of performative action is the historical scission between spontaneity and organization, and the un-assumed influence within the parties, of the theses which proclaim the end of this very form – departing from the debates about the crisis of value, and the defense of the overcoming of categories such as class or work. We will see that the adoption of performatic action is not a reaction against the burocractic parties, a quality supposedly immanent to the party form, but rather an effect of it. Here, we go towards a caracterizaction of Performatic Action like a Acting Out and we use some terms to think the party and the revolucionaire habit.


A novel open-framework vanadium(Ⅳ) phosphate (H3NCH2CH2NH3)3[(VO)4(PO4)2(HPO4)4] (short for V2P3-en) has been prepared. It is synthesized hydrothermally in the presence of ethylenediamine (en) at 170℃ for 5 days by self-assembly from structurally simple precursors V2O5, H3PO4 and H2O. The compound is characterized by means of Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), Thermogravimetry-differential thermal analysis (TG-DTA), X-ray powder diffraction analysis (XRD) and Scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Furthermore, the composition-structure-thermal stability relation of V2P3-en is explored in terms of crystal chemistry, and the potential approach to the enhancement of its thermal stability is proposed.


Abstract: Using the PSGRN/PSCMP software and the fault model offered by USGS and on the basis of finite rectangular dislocation theory and the local layered wave velocity structures of the crust-upper-mantle, the influences of crustal layering and thickness on co-seismic gravity changes and deformation of Wenchuan earthquake have been simulated. The results indicate that; the influences have a relationship with the attitude of faults and the relative position between calculated points and fault. The difference distribution form of simulated results between the two models is similar to that of co-seismic effect. For the per centum distribution, it's restricted by the zero line of the co-seismic effects obviously. Its positive is far away from the zero line. For the crustal thickness, the effect is about 10% – 20%. The negative and the effect over 30% focus around the zero line. The average influences of crustal layering and thickness for the E-W displacement, N-S displacement, vertical displacement and gravity changes are 18.4%,18.0%, 15.8% and 16.2% respectively, When the crustal thickness is 40 km, they are 4.6%, 5.3%, 3.8% and 3.8%. Then the crustal thickness is 70 km, the average influences are 3.5%, 4.6%, 3.0% and 2.5% respectively.


ABSTRACT The FIFA motto 'For the World. For the Game' implicitly claims global inclusivity and elevates it to a core tenet for capacity building within the football governing body. This study, however, argues that the structure of the global body contributes to the exclusion of certain territories and their residents by acting as a gatekeeper and arbitrarily treating territories differently through changing membership criteria. This paper first discusses the phenomenon of football sovereignty and its relationship to political sovereignty. It demonstrates that there is no perfect correlation between the two and that geo-political, structural, financial, logistical, and/or historic reasons contribute towards certain territories being excluded from FIFA. The paper concludes by discussing potential strategies for resolving the inconsistencies in FIFA's membership criteria, and particular emphasis is made on the power and role of International Sport Governing Bodies like FIFA in perpetuating these inconsistencies. However, the current exclusionary nature is likely to continue, and FIFA will remain hesitant to let in any non-UN members.


This article seeks to present the perspective of 15 protagonists of the Brazilian Olympic and Paralympic movement on the way they are facing "Social Isolation" due to COVID-19, as the postponement of all sports competitions in the year 2020, being the most important of them the Tokyo 2020 Olympic and Paralympic Games. The objective of this work was to investigate the point of view of the 15 Olympic and Paralympic athletes and coaches of the aquatic modalities who trained in Sao Paulo on several factors of social isolation, such as training, anxiety, perspectives. This is a qualitative research, with virtual data collection and semi-structured interviews. Discussions: Postponement of the Games; Athlete Scholarship; Training. Considerations: Importance of Bolsa Atleta at this time of pandemic due to reduced wages and suspension of contracts with sponsors; Difference of Discourse between the collective subject athlete and trainer on the impacts of COVID in training; Political positioning against actions of the federal government, mainly the President of the Republic Jair Bolsonaro.


We propose and demonstrate a novel four-channel monolithic polarization-diversity dual-quadrature coherent receiver with balanced detection in InP. It uses an interleave-chirped arrayed waveguide grating that acts simultaneously as a demultiplexer, 90° hybrid, and polarization splitter.


There have been differences of opinion regarding the origin and behavior of the solar modulation of galactic cosmic rays. It has been shown that the return to solar maximum intensity levels beginning in early 1978 was dominated by Forbush decreases. These Forbush decreases were caused by radially moving interplanetary shocks resulting from large solar flares. The present investigation is concerned with solar modulation effects which were observed during the previous solar minimum. The effects were associated with high-speed streams in the solar wind. These streams caused the formation of corotating interaction regions with both forward and reverse shocks. The modulation effects seen near earth are intimately connected with these shocks.


Taking the high density tungsten alloy as an example,a knowledge base system material design was established.It concludes a reasoning mechanism,knowledge base,explaining system and knowledge base management system.Based on the user's requirement,the system can manage,use and reason about knowledge by control subsections of knowledge base and reasoning mechanism.It is convenient for researchers when they use or design material,they can choose material reasonable or gain a project about material design.Choosing the visual prolog programming language to establish the system,it runs in the windows environment,and it is very convenient to exchange betweens user and computers.


Fenretinide (4-HPR) is a cytotoxic retinoid that increases ROS and ceramides and has shown clinical activity against neuroblastoma and lymphoid malignancies. We compared the cytotoxicity, ROS generation, and sphingolipid synthesis of 4-oxo-4-HPR (a recently identified 4-HPR metabolite) with 4-HPR in malignant lymphoid cells. Cytotoxicity of 4-oxo-4-HPR and 4-HPR was measured in 14 malignant lymphoid cell lines using a DIMSCAN system. Median concentrations cytotoxic for 90% of cells (IC 90 ) were 2.1 µM (range: 1.1 − 15.9) for 4-oxo-4-HPR and 4.4 µM (range: 0.7 − 29.2) for 4-HPR. In 2 of 3 cell lines tested, ROS generation (DCFDA by flow cytometry) was higher with 4-HPR vs. 4-oxo-4-HPR (table). Ascorbic acid (AA) abrogated ROS generation and significantly attenuated cytotoxicity of 4-oxo-4-HPR and 4-HPR in CCRF-CEM and COG-LL-317 cells. However, in GA-10 cells AA completely abrogated ROS generation, but not cytotoxicity, for both 4-oxo-4-HPR and 4-HPR. Intracellular sphingolipid (SL) changes, another suggested mechanism for 4-HPR cytotoxicity, were measured by tandem mass spectrometry in GA-10 cells at 48-hours, and both 4-oxo-4-HPR and 4-HPR treatment increased SL, with significantly higher (p Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1676.


AIM: To investigate the mental health status of the relatives of emergency death cases and to provide a basis for appropriate interventions.METHODS: The relatives of 175 emergency death cases in the Emergency Department of a polyclinic were included in this study and their mental health status was assessed using Symptom Checklist 90(SCL-90).The valid scores of 167 relatives under study were compared with the national norm.RESULTS: The gross score and all the subscales scores of SCL-90 of the 167 relatives were significantly higher than the national norm(P0.05).The gross score and all the subscales scores of SCL-90 of the female relatives were higher than those of the male relatives,with significant difference in the gross score and scores of somatization,obsessive-impulsive,depression and anxiety(P0.05).The gross score and all the subscales scores of SCL-90 of the relatives aged from 56 to 75 years were higher than those of the relatives aged from 35 to 55 years,with significant difference in the gross score and scores of somatization,obsessive-impulsive,hostility,anxiety and psychoticism(P0.05).CONCLUSION: Emergency death,a typical great stress to the relatives,seriously influences the mental health and arouses stress-relevant psychological responses in the relatives of the emergency death cases.The mental health of the female relatives and the elder relatives is more seriously affected.The results suggest that appropriate psychological intervention is needed for the relatives of emergency death cases.


A new face recognition algorithm using the RBF network is proposed based on the improved local Muti-channel Gabor Filters and fixed point ICA. The normalized face image is firstly muti-degree sampled and blocked, and then the blocked face image was filtered by multi-orientation Gabor filters with multi-scale to extract their corresponding Local Gabor Magnitude Map (LGMM), which were constructed to higher dimensional feature vectors. Next, the dimensionality of these vectors is reduced by means of principal component analysis. Finally, the independent components in the resulting vectors with dimensionality reduced were analyzed and extracted by using ICA recognition classification. Experimental results on ORL and YALE face show that the proposed algorithm, which achieves more recognition accuracy rate than other methods.