Our research goal was to reveal priority food products (FP) distributed on a regional consumer market as per health risks they caused for population. The research was accomplished with statistic, analytical, and mathematical procedures as well as using comparative analysis procedure. We analyzed laboratory data on sanitary-chemical and physical-chemical parameters collected over 2010–2019; our analysis revealed there were insignificant risks excluding FP contamination with nitrates. Special attention should be paid to microbiological contamination as overall parameters related to it remain steady over the compared 5-year periods. We also have detected unfavorable trends as average parameters have grown authentically over the last 5 years against 2010–2014 when it comes to fruit and vegetables, poultry, fish products, and alcoholic beverages with growth rates varying from 3.53 times to 1.44 times. Having accomplished all the necessary calculations, we established that in Buryatia, just as in the Russian Federation in general, there were no food products that could cause extremely high health risks. But at the same time, the examined regional market had certain differences from the overall Russian one. High health risks were caused by poultry and it was not the case in the country in general. Bakery, confectionary, and fish products that caused high health risks in the country as a whole caused only significant risks in the region. Milk products also were assigned into a high risk category. We performed complex assessment and classified FP as per their quality and safety using health risk analysis methodology; it allowed us to determine priorities resulted from microbiological contamination of poultry and this fact is vital for population health in Buryatia.


Based on the N-S equation and k-e standard turbulence model,the inner flow of a screw centrifugal pump is simulated to study the work capacity of the impeller.The velocity,pressure and concentration along the blade in the whole process are observed,the energy transfer of transmission medium produced by impeller is separated into the centrifugal force work,the airfoil lift work and the volume change with the concept of lift coefficient of airfoil and drag coefficient,the blade load coefficient is used to analyze working capability of each segment of screw centrifugal pump impeller by introduction of load coefficient of centrifugal force,load coefficient of lifting and volume load coefficient,and the effect of two phase flow medium on impeller working is also analyzed.The results show that fluid energy of screw centrifugal pump is primarily provided by helical segment,the helical segment in the front of the impeller play an important role in multistage energized,the solid-liquid flow in screw centrifugal pump is turbulent flow,and the solid and liquid phase flows with different velocities respectively because of being pushed by the impeller screw and centrifugal effect.As liquid phase is the primary phase,the energy conversion is mainly up to the change of liquid energy,the solid phase flows under the wrapped action of liquid,and solid energy is carried out through liquid indirectly.Large particle size of solid phase and the higher volume concentration of two phase flow are more advantageous to the liquid energy conversion in the two-phase flow,on the contrary,when the volume concentration is too high,it is not conducive to the liquid energy conversion.


Structures that can uplift and rock under severe seismic excitations present remarkable stability without exhibiting damage. As such, rocking-response-based structural systems constitute a promising design practice. Due to the high nonlinearity of the rocking response, the seismic performance of this class of structures should be evaluated probabilistically. From this point of view, in the present study, the performance of 12 novel HHT-based intensity measures (IMs) in describing the seismic behavior of typical rocking viaducts was assessed based on optimal IM selection criteria. To this end, a comparative evaluation of the performance between the proposed and 26 well-known conventional IMs was presented. Moreover, bivariate IMs were also considered, and seismic fragilities were provided. Finally, the classification of the seismic response was conducted using discriminant analysis, resulting in a reliable and rapid estimation of the maximum seismic demand. Based on the results, it is evident that HHT-based IMs result in an enhanced estimation of the seismic performance of the examined structural system.


Sensing applications of holograms may be based on effects such as change in the spacing of the recorded fringes in a holographic diffraction grating in the presence of an analyte so that the direction of the diffracted laser light changes, or, in the case of a white light reflection grating, the wavelength of the diffracted light changes. An example is a reflection grating which swells in the presence of atmospheric moisture to indicate relative humidity by a change is the colour of the diffracted light. These devices make use of the photopolymer's ability to absorb moisture.In a more versatile approach one can add inorganic nanoparticles to the photopolymer composition. These nanoparticles have refractive indices that are different from that of the bulk photopolymer. During the holographic recording of diffraction gratings, the polymerisation and accompanying diffusion processes cause redistribution of the nanoparticles enhancing the holographic diffraction efficiency. Zeolite nanoparticles have the form...


This paper aims to address the current recurring theme, both with regard to consumer protection and the legal consequences of overbooking or passenger misconduct, a practice adopted by some airlines and consisting of the sale or reservation of seats above the maximum capacity of the airline. aircraft. The matter specifically regulated by ANAC and also by consumer legislation, summarizes such practice, adequately, as failure to provide services. Thus, it is necessary to study the obligations of the airline in relation to the passengers affected, as well as the determination of the corresponding civil responsibility.


The theory of polarized light propagation in generalized Fibonacci multilayers, recently developed in the framework of matrix formulation and dynamical maps technique, is applied. Transmittance of studied systems is numerically calculated and presented in gray scale figures. The main tendencies in dependences of transmittance on model parameters are presented and discussed. We find a strong dependence of transmittance on refractive indices of surrounding media. We show that the proposed approach can be useful in optical engineering.


This autobiographical account describes the evolution of the author's research interests and methods of inquiry. Early life experiences at home, in school, and the Peace Corps are discussed in terms of their impact on his professional life. Initial research and consulting work as a graduate student raised issues that reappeared in the author's experiences as a young faculty member and later as a researcher and consultant in organizational aspects of social change and development in international settings. The following four concerns emerge as major themes of the author's life and work: social development and social justice; using action research to solve specific problems and develop new ideas; working at the interfaces among different groups, organizations, and cultures; and using multiple levels of analysis to understand social dynamics and problems.


What is capitalism? What is it we are for, if we are for it? Or against, if we are against it? As we use the term today, it generally refers to a kind of economy, variously characterized by private industry, free enterprise, competitive markets, and lots of investment opportunities, which most people believe are valuable parts of the way we live together. But during the 1830s and 1840s, in the run-up to the revolutions of 1848, when the term "capitalism" first began to appear frequently, it signified neither a social system nor a "mode of production" but a politics—the concerted attempt by capitalists and their allies to secure the political power they needed to ensure that their interests took precedence over those of everyone else, including landowners, small businesses, wage earners, and even taxpayers more generally.


This work presents an anti-windup control methodology to deal with the stabilization of nonlinear time-delay systems which are represented by Takagi-Sugeno (T-S) fuzzy models. The generic output feedback controller with anti-windup term is synthesized against the effect of actuator saturation. Based on delay-independent Lyapunov-Krasovskii functional analysis, a region of attraction that ensures convergence of the admissible initial states is determined. Sufficient conditions for the construction of anti-windup fuzzy controller are established in terms of linear matrix inequalities (LMIs). Design of control system is then formulated via convex optimization to maximize the region of attraction. Finally, numeric simulation is provided to validate the proposed approach.


Estimating parameters from noisy data in mechanistic models compromises a major bottleneck in systems biology. While several optimization techniques have been compared and analysed, no consensus has yet been established on which method is most reliable and effective. This thesis discusses the implementation and performance analysis of two optimizers, TRESNEI and Ceres. They are implemented into a state-of-the-art framework (D2D) and their performance is assessed in comparison to the framework's standard optimizer. Three ordinary differential equation models of differing sizes were used to ensure a broad applicability of the results. The computations show that neither TRESNEI nor Ceres reach the efficiency of the current standard and are therefore only restrictedely applicable for estimating parameters in the examined setting, especially for non-linear models with many parameters.


We propose an automatic Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) lesion detection scheme on multi-phase CT images. HCC lesion presents the dynamic changes over time after the injection of the contrast-enhanced media. To depict the characteristics of HCC, we devised the image processing pipeline to align the multi-phase CT images, merged the multi-phase images into the multi-channel image and fed into the Deep Convolutional Neural Network (DCNN). The images of 52 patients were tested, and results of the proposed DCNN model with dynamic multi-phase information were 93.88% sensitivity at 2.98 false positives (FPs)/patient. Comparing the performance among the same DCNN architectures trained on single phase and multi-phase images, it is shown that the inclusion of the dynamic information from multi-phase CT images is more effective in the HCC detection task, for the best performance of the single phase DCNN models was 73.47% sensitivity at 3.15 FPs/patient.


In this final report describes and documents research that was conducted by the Ecological Engineering Research Program (EERP) at the University of the Pacific (Stockton, CA) under subcontract to Fiscalini Farms LP for work under the Assistance Agreement DE-EE0001895 'Measurement and Evaluation of a Dairy Anaerobic Digestion/Power Generation System' from the United States Department of Energy, National Energy Technology Laboratory. Fiscalini Farms is operating a 710 kW biomass-energy power plant that uses bio-methane, generated from plant biomass, cheese whey, and cattle manure via mesophilic anaerobic digestion, to produce electricity using an internal combustion engine. The primary objectives of the project were to document baseline conditions for the anaerobic digester and the combined heat and power (CHP) system used for the dairy-based biomass-energy production. The baseline condition of the plant was evaluated in the context of regulatory and economic constraints. In this final report, the operation of the plant between start-up in 2009 and operation in 2010 are documented and an interpretation of the technical data is provided. An economic analysis of the biomass energy system was previously completed (Appendix A) and the results from that study are discussed briefly in this report. Results from the start-up and first year of operation indicate that mesophilic anaerobic digestion of agricultural biomass, combined with an internal combustion engine, is a reliable source of alternative electrical production. A major advantage of biomass energy facilities located on dairy farms appears to be their inherent stability and ability to produce a consistent, 24 hour supply of electricity. However, technical analysis indicated that the Fiscalini Farms system was operating below capacity and that economic sustainability would be improved by increasing loading of feedstocks to the digester. Additional operational modifications, such as increased utilization of waste heat and better documentation of potential of carbon credits, would also improve the economic outlook. Analysis of baseline operational conditions indicated that a reduction in methane emissions and other greenhouse gas savings resulted from implementation of the project. The project results indicate that using anaerobic digestion to produce bio-methane from agricultural biomass is a promising source of electricity, but that significant challenges need to be addressed before dairy-based biomass energy production can be fully integrated into an alternative energy economy. The biomass energy facility was found to be operating undercapacity. Economic analysis indicated a positive economic sustainability, even at the reduced power production levels demonstrated during the baseline period. However, increasing methane generation capacity (via the importation of biomass codigestate) will be critical for increasing electricity output and improving the long-term economic sustainability of the operation. Dairy-based biomass energy plants are operating under strict environmental regulations applicable to both power-production and confined animal facilities and novel approached are being applied to maintain minimal environmental impacts. The use of selective catalytic reduction (SCR) for nitrous oxide control and a biological hydrogen sulfide control system were tested at this facility. Results from this study suggest that biomass energy systems can be compliant with reasonable scientifically based air and water pollution control regulations. The most significant challenge for the development of biomass energy as a viable component of power production on a regional scale is likely to be the availability of energy-rich organic feedstocks. Additionally, there needs to be further development of regional expertise in digester and power plant operations. At the Fiscalini facility, power production was limited by the availability of biomass for methane generation, not the designed system capacity. During the baseline study period, feedstocks included manure, sudan grass silage, and refused-feed. The ability of the dairy to produce silage in excess of on-site feed requirements limited power production. The availability of biomass energy crops and alternative feedstocks, such as agricultural and food wastes, will be a major determinant to the economic and environmental sustainability of biomass based electricity production.


Using multiple control surfaces to actively suppress nonlinear transonic aeroelastic responses is a promising technology. A general method for designing a multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) active aeroelastic control law is proposed. The Volterra series is applied to construct a high-fidelity reduced-order aeroservoelastic plant model suitable for transonic flow. The static output feedback method is also used to design a MIMO control law. The effectiveness of the proposed method to design the MIMO active aeroelastic control law is demonstrated by the Golandþ wing model with four control surfaces. The simulation results show that the MIMO active control law suppresses the transonic unstable aeroelastic responses of the Goland wing successfully with good control performance.


This paper aims to explore the impact of Polish AD on the immersion of its target audiences – blind and visually impaired (B/VIP) users. To this end, two research studies were carried out: one focusing on AD style and the other on AD vocal delivery. The rationale behind selecting these parameters was related to the findings of previous research conducted in the field. Two main research objectives were set. The first one, concerning AD style, centred around studying the reception of two AD styles – standard and creative – by B/VIP users. The second one, linked to AD vocal delivery, involved studying the reception of two AD voice types – human and synthetic – by B/VIP users for two genres: fiction and documentary. The research tool used to gauge user experience was the Independent Television Commission Sense of Presence Inventory questionnaire, one of five canonical questionnaires used for measuring presence. As for AD style, the results show that creative AD, compared to standard AD, yielded higher levels of presence for all participants. When it comes to AD vocal delivery, AD narrated by a human, compared to AD delivered by a synthetic voice, prompted significantly higher levels of presence for fiction. Presence rates for documentary were similar, with no statistically significant differences in relation to AD voice type.


Conventional methods for quantitation of starch content in cells generally involve starch extraction steps and are usually labor intensive, thus a rapid and non‐invasive method will be valuable. Using the starch‐producing unicellular microalga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii as a model, we employed a customized Raman spectrometer to capture the Raman spectra of individual single cells under distinct culture conditions and along various growth stages. The results revealed a nearly linear correlation (R2 = 0.9893) between the signal intensity at 478 cm–1 and the starch content of the cells. We validated the specific correlation by showing that the starch‐associated Raman peaks were eliminated in a mutant strain where the AGPase (ADP‐glucose pyrophosphorylase) gene was disrupted and consequentially the biosynthesis of starch blocked. Furthermore, the method was validated in an industrial algal strain of Chlorella pyrenoidosa. This is the first demonstration of starch quantitation in individual live cells. Compared to existing cellular starch quantitation methods, this single‐cell Raman spectra‐based approach is rapid, label‐free, non‐invasive, culture‐independent, low‐cost, and potentially able to simultaneously track multiple metabolites in individual live cells, therefore should enable many new applications.


A nonclassical multiscale "morphological approach" devoted to highly-filled particulate composites was proposed by Nadot et al.1 It is extended by developing complementary ingredients in order to describe the evolution of damage by decohesion of grain/matrix interfaces. A defect nucleation criterion allows the evolution of the number of defects to be followed, and a closure criterion monitors the respective proportions of open and closed defects. The nucleation criterion is associated with a critical value of the current distance between two points located on both sides of the interface considered, whereas the closure criterion is based on the normal component of the displacement jump across the interface. The "morphological approach" is tested at macroscopic and local scales for a random particulate microstructure under loading paths involving tension and compression. The corresponding results are a specific contribution of this work. At global scale, the numerical results presented show the effects of damage induced anisotropy and recovery of mechanical properties by defects closure. Thanks to explicit schematization of the microstructure, the discrete model provides, at microscale, the characteristics of damage (chronology of events, position and morphology of defects) as well as its effects on local strains.


In the past twenty years, a tremendous shift has ers is essential, not only for acquiring the speakoccurred in language teaching. Overall, the aping and listening skills they need, but also for proach has changed from "instruction" (in which acquiring reading skills as well. students are given massive amounts of data) to When a colleague and I began writing our "education" (in which leamers are guided as they CALL lessons, we decided to focus on reading explore and integrate newly acquired facts with skills for two pragmatic reasons. First, if we the knowledge they already possess).1 Utilizing bridge the gap between listening and speaking computers to support language courses is inter(the "active" skills needed for oral communicaesting and exciting, especially now, since many tion, emphasized at the introductory and interof the old problems involved in CALL (coinmediate levels) and between reading and writing puter-assisted language learning) havebeen over(the "passive ones needed for written communicome.2 Obviously, the machine is not an end in cation, emphasized more at the advanced level), itself, but rather a means that can help us achieve we will have opened the door for leamers to our goals in language teaching. appreciate the foreign culture more fully and to Almost all the articles I have read about understand their own better, by comparing the computer-assisted language learning describe two. Secondly, the computer can serve as an software for introductory and intermediate effective tool for closing the gap between the two courses. At that level, especially in proficiencysets of skills. Our colleagues who teach English oriented classes, teachers tend to emphasize lisor English as a Second Language are already tening and speaking skills; the software, on the using computers to help students leam composiother hand, usually focuses on vocabulary and tion and reading. Recent research on how stugrammar. In this article, however, I would like to dents leam to read, though, leads me to believe share what I learned about basic methodological that we are in even a better position than those considerations while I was writing software to colleagues for this task.3 teach reading skills in an advanced-level course. To write interesting exercises that hold stuThe computer can aid in "education" in genedents' attention and help them remember what ral and in leaming to read in particular. When they are practicing, teachers need to be aware written well, CALLprovides individualized, selfthat language learning is more productive when paced learning par excellence. Guided discusmaterial is presented and practiced in context sion and debate, of course, are more interesting rather than as discrete items, when attention is than merely listening to a presentation. Simifocusedonmeaninginsteadofgrammaticalforms, larly, exercises which constantly have leamers and when leamers must solve problems rather interact or explore, as well as help students than just describe situations. Language acquisiconcentrate on meaning and comprehension tion is also more effective when students can rather than on grammar, are more stimulating relate to the material personally, when it is amusthan exercises in which students are relatively ing or emotionally stimulating, and when teachpassive, ers select topics because of the leamers' personal By being creative, well-trained teachers can interestratherthanjustarbitrarily assigning them. write interactive, communicative exercises for These ideas are derived from two studies that CALL. Like any other worthwhile endeavor, corroborate one another. One was conducted at however, producing such material requires time West Point and the other was carried out at the and effort-as I soon found when I first began Institute for Cross-Cultural Studies in San Frantrying to write computer-assisted lessons to imcisco.4 Both emphasize that, when one writes prove one of my literature courses. While my computer-assisted lessons, it is important to promainpurpose was toprovide exercises thatwould vide feedback that truly guides leaming. They help students better comprehend what they read, state that comments about errors are more benI rapidly became interested in computers as a eficial if, instead of just giving or explaining the way to deliver the lessons. Practical experience right answer, teachers provide hints that help has shown me that active participation by leamusers discover the correct response. These stud-


The pleasant thought that we all know the meaning of freedom will not bear scrutiny. We are not always able to distinguish free actions from those induced by direct or indirect manipulation. Professor Preston argues that free actions are those which result from conscious deliberation. He proposes a concept of freedom that identifies its substantive characteristics and relates it to logically relevant capacities and conditions for conscious deliberation in specific areas of choice and action.


The need for self-powered electronics is progressively growing in parallel with the flourishing of the Internet of Things (IoT). Although batteries are dominating as powering devices, other small systems, such as piezoelectric, thermoelectric, and photovoltaic systems, are attracting attention. These last ones can be adapted from their classical outdoor configuration to work preferentially under indoor illumination, i.e., by harvesting the spectrum emitted by LEDs and/or fluorescent lamps. However, crystalline silicon, the classical photovoltaic material for solar panels, has a bandgap not suitable for ensuring good efficiency with such spectra. With wider bandgaps, other semiconductors can come into play for this task. Still, the materials of choice, having to be integrated within households, should also satisfy the criterion of non-toxicity and maintain low-cost production. While lead-based halide perovskites cannot represent a valuable solution for this scope, due to the strong environmental and health concerns associated with the presence of Pb, analogous compounds based on the heaviest pnictogens, i.e., bismuth and antimony, could work as sustainable light-harvesters for indoor photovoltaic devices. In this Review, we focus on reporting the most recent developments of three compounds of this class: The double perovskite Cs2AgBiBr6 is first chosen as a model system for the other two, which are emerging perovskite-inspired materials, namely, Cs3Sb2I9−xClx and bismuth oxyiodide. We show the potential of these semiconductors to play a crucial role in the future market of self-powering IoT devices, which will become a large class of devices in the electronics industry in the upcoming years.


In this essay Tyson Lewis reevaluates Jean-Jacques Rousseau's assessment of the pedagogical value of fables in Emile's education using Giorgio Agamben's theory of poetic production and Thomas Keenan's theory of the inherent ambiguity of the fable. From this perspective, the "unreadable" nature of the fable that Rousseau exposed is not simply the result of a child's innocence or developmental immaturity, but is rather a structural quality of the fable as such. Moving from a discussion of Rousseau's description of the fable and its relation to early childhood development, Lewis then telescopes outward into an analysis of Emile as a reenactment of the paradoxes of the fable. While Rousseau critiqued the pedagogical value of the fable, his own pedagogical project is informed by many of the qualities that he attributed to the fable. This return of the fable is enacted through Rousseau's writing on three interconnected levels: the question of the maxim, the paradox of truth, and the paradox of freedom. Lewis argues that if we take seriously the textually fabulous dimension of Emile, then the reader is left exposed to the very same anxieties as a child who is confronted with the ambiguity of the fable. In a concluding gesture, Lewis speculates about what Emile's fabulous dimension means for the practice of educational philosophy itself.


This paper aims to contributes with the critical thinking about tourism. It provides some reflections on the concept: smart Touristic Destinations, which the author considered they should help to its reconstruction in a timely and positive manner. It's basically questioned the concept of Intelligence, as well as some dangers related to its competitive and commercial simplification. The methodology is based on the bibliographic study, complemented with results of previous empirical research, inspired by critical epistemology, questioning the traditional tendency in the construction of knowledge about tourism. As a conclusion, it is based a better understanding on the conception of human intelligence and reaffirming the need for a new methodology oriented to develop all the intellectual, emotional and spiritual potential of the people who live in the destinations.


Many properties of state machines have a wide range of application in the areas such as computer etc., so the study to state machines is very significant. In this paper, the notion of fuzzy finite state machines over unitary semirings is given, the equivalence between states of fuzzy finite state machines over unitary semirings is defined, and the notion of homomorphism between two fuzzy finite state machines over unitary semirings is introduced. Homomorphism Theorem and Epimorphism Decomposition Theorem are obtained, and the exchange property , connectivity and separability of submachines of fuzzy finite state machines over unitary semirings under homomorphism are discussed.


This article, part of History Workshop Journal's 'Historic Passions' series is an analysis of an unpublished manuscript that the author's grandfather wrote on the history of the Labrador Fishery in light of the author's own life in 1990s Newfoundland, during the early years of the cod moratorium.


The history of knowledge-making in modern Western history from the Renaissance on will have, then, theology and philosophy-science as the two cosmological frames. . . . Both frames are institutionally and linguistically anchored in Western Europe. They are anchored in institutions, chiefly the history of European universities and in the six modern (e.g., vernacular) European and imperial languages: Italian, Spanish and Portuguese, dominant from the Renaissance to the Enlightenment, and German, French and English, dominant from the Enlightenment onward. Behind the six modern European languages of knowledge lay its foundation: Greek and Latin-not Arabic or Mandarin, Hindi or Urdu, Aymara or Nahuatl. The six mentioned languages based on Greek and Latin provided the "tool" to create a given conception of knowledge that was then extended to the increasing, through time, European colonies from the Americas to Asia and Africa. (Mignolo, 2009, p. 6)This issue marks the end of the 49th volume year for RTE. Entering the 50th year of publication, we take this time to reflect on the nature of knowledge-making unfolding in these pages. Why English? Why English only? Research in the Teaching of English, as a journal and disciplinary formation, is framed by linguistic and institutional tenets. It works from the tacit assumption that the English language is a neutral object. A monolithic whole. The gold standard of languages. The natural object of analysis for scholars and teachers in Canada and the United States. The top of the language hierarchy that mirrors the social one in which whiteness is presumed to also be a monolithic baseline against which all others are labeled (e.g., as diverse, people of color, marginalized, etc.). The presumption of the journal has been that fluency in English is a natural(ized) objective for all peoples in the twenty-first-century global economy, particularly in the United States, where the English Only movement has gained even more momentum in recent years. Such a presumption reifies the position and imposition of English only-as it simultaneously erases the historical roots of whitestream, standard English as an imperial language.The institutional imperialist frame of Research in the Teaching of English works with and alongside the linguistic imperialist frame, providing "the 'tool' to create a given conception of knowledge that was then [and is now] extended" through the Americas and abroad (Mignolo, 2009, p. 6). Knowledge made in the pages of this journal centers literacy as knowledge, the literate as knower. To begin the work of decolonizing the institution of knowledge-making in RTE requires a shift "in the terms that one might typically use to describe reading and writing: letters, literacy, literate and the alphabet" (Cushman, 2012, p. 552). The etymologies of these words link them to Western language families and their alphabetic writing systems. Being lettered is synonymous with being a knowledgeable, learned, and accomplished intellectual: "To be literate is to be fluent with the letter or to be lettered, from the Latin, Literatus" (Cushman, 2012, p. 552). The work of this journal, then, has historically been tacitly complicit with the linguistic and institutional work of maintaining the imperialist roots of English only.As we reflect on the 49th year of this journal's history, we are mindful of this legacy as we hope-in the company of many others-to continue the work of decolonizing research in the teaching of English. One facet of our editorial vision has been to include work of early career scholars, who also have explicitly and implicitly asked: Why English? Why not Englishes? Why not multiple ways of knowing in addition to being lettered? Why not multiple means of expression in addition to the letter? And moving beyond Mignolo's concerns above, why not feeling, affect, and being in addition to knowledge-making? Adding to the voices of scholars published in previous volume years, Peter De Costa (2014) conceptualized cosmopolitanism in language and literacy education to study youth negotiating linguistic and literate practices in a multilingual school in Singapore. …


The invention discloses a method and device for controlling a mobile terminal by earphone; wherein the method includes that operation type of keying operation on the earphone of the mobile terminal isdetected, wherein the mobile terminal is playing music or radio; and the current play state of the mobile terminal is regulated according to the detected operation type. By the invention, regulationon volume of music or radio played by the mobile terminal and switching of chapter/channel can be realized by operating an earphone key.


This document is ENY-227, one of a series of the Entomology and Nematology Department, UF/IFAS Extension. Original publication date April 1993. Revised October 2005.
ENY-227/IG083: Bed Bugs and Blood-Sucking Conenose (ufl.edu)


Polyporus obtusus Berk, is a heartwood decaying fungus that attacks several American species of broadleaved trees, principally oaks. It has a wide geographical range, but tends to occur in localized concentrations within which it causes great destruction, while elsewhere it is rarely found. On account of its peculiar distribution, P. obtusus is not well known, and the published references to it are comparatively few. A local concentration of this disease, the only one known in Canada, occurs at the Petawawa Forest Experiment Station, Ont. Here, oak trees from 0.8 to 4.8 in. in diameter were being attacked. The resulting white rot continues to advance into the sapwood, ultimately causing death of the tree. The large, cream-coloured, bracket-like sporophores are borne on the diseased trees in great abundance in some seasons, and are comparatively scarce in others.


One-factor-at-a-time and orthogonal array design methods were used to optimize four treatment conditions including lysozyme dose,pressure,temperature and treatment time that influence the bactericidal activity(evaluated by death rate of spores) of lysozyme in coordination with high pressure carbon dioxide against Alicyclobacillus acidoterrestris spores.The results showed that lysozyme dose,pressure and temperature had a significant effect on the inactivation of Alicyclobacillus acidoterrestris spores(P 0.05).The death rate of Alicyclobacillus acidoterrestris spores reached 5.47 orders of magnitude under the optimized conditions: lysozyme dose 0.10 g/kg,pressure 25 MPa,temperature 55 ℃ and treatment time 60 min.The HPLC analysis and observation under scanning electron microscopy(SEM) of Alicyclobacillus acidoterrestris spores treated under these conditions indicated large amounts of 2,6-pyridine dicarboxylic acid(DPA) leakage and complete rupture of partial spores.In conclusion,lysozyme has a significantly synergistic effect on the inactivation of Alicyclobacillus acidoterrestris spores by high pressure carbon dioxide(P 0.05).


An integrated cost and schedule control is a noteworthy alternative of the separate control method which is commonly used in the domestic construction industry. In Korea, some cost and schedule integration models have been applied partly by construction managers. But, these models have not been customized yet because they did not reflect the characteristics of the domestic construction industry. This study investigates the characteristics of domestic integration models analyzed through interviews with experts who have the experiences in applying cost-schedule integration models. Based on these surveys, this study suggests the strategy for the improvement of work packaging model in the domestic construction industry.


The USA is the first country in the world to set social studies curriculum in elementary and secondary schools,which has a history of 100 years.With the development of the social studies curriculum,insisting on pursuing history academy and following the social improvement,there emerged controversies in the character,purpose and structure for a long time.The eminent developing trend—diversification—in America's social studies,is a symbol of vigorous development through continuous debating.Nowadays,China has also set"History and Society"course in junior high schools nationwide,we can absorb some successful experience from that of the USA.


Based on the analysis of structure formation mechanism of foam concrete prepared with chemical method, investigations by a large number of comparative tests and quantitative analysis, quantitative relationship of compressive strength and fly ash dosage on 3d, 7d and 28d foam concrete specimens are analyzed. This investigation examined effect of fly ash that mixed into admixture concerning strength of low –density foam concrete. Mechanical test were performed to measure effect of fly ash on affecting compressive. Results indicate that fly ash significantly reducing compressive strength and increasing thermal conductivity of low-density foam concrete. Moreover, experimental results show that compressive strength of each group is more and smaller with the increase of the curing time.


AuThor: Erik Larson AffiliATion: University of California-Davis AbsTrAcT: This article analyzes how Juan José Saer's noir detective novel, La pesquisa, exposes the fundamental contradictions of Kantian rationalism. The novel, like Kantian theory, realizes a critique of reason by positing its own human, epistemological limits. Of course, the philosophical problems we see in Saer's novel don't simply exist in a vacuum, but respond to the politics of rationalism within Argentina, namely the 1976-83 dictatorship. I demonstrate how the contradictions within the 'rationalist' politics of the Proceso springboards into a discussion of the epistemological problems underpinning rationalism itself. Just as Kant posits that rationalism must repress the darker side of reason (the thing-in-itself) in order to have a functional system, so too the dictatorship repressed its dark, violent side in order to present itself as the only hope for order for Argentina. Thus, the novel pairs politics with philosophy by delving into what can and can't be known as well as the socio-political structures that impose such limits.


Pharmaceutical engineering was a relatively new profession,and pharmaceutical engineering undergraduate professional development model was not perfect.In order to improve the quality of teaching and training to meet the development needs of the current pharmaceutical industry expertise in pharmaceutical engineering,the CDIO engineering education model to the core curriculum of pharmaceutical engineering pharmaceutical technology teaching reform,which was benefit to improve the quality and effectiveness of teaching,students comprehensive practice,innovation and teamwork.


Let U q (AN ) (resp. U − q (AN )) be the (+)-part (resp. (−)-part) of the Drinfeld-Jimbo quantum group of type AN over a field K. With respect to Jimbo relations and the PBW K-basis B of U q (AN ) (resp. U − q (AN )) established by Yamane, it is shown, by constructing an appropriate monomial ordering ≺ on B, that U q (AN ) (resp. U − q (AN )) is a solvable polynomial algebra. Consequently, further structural properties of U q (AN ) (resp. U − q (AN )) and their modules may be established and realized in a constructive-computational way.


With increasing applications in consumer electronics such as smart phones, laptops and tablet PCs, the need for pervasive computing with a requirement of lower power consumption is increasing every day, This opens the door for energy harvesting that could charge the batteries in these devices to keep them continually functioning in some useful state. There has been a lot of attention on flexible thin film solar cells, such as dye sensitized (DSSC), organic and inorganic, given their low cost and improving efficiency. Such cells are suitable for these applications both under outdoor and indoor conditions due to their larger spectral response. Understanding the behavior of solar cells such as DSSC under indoor light conditions along with power management algorithms to extract maximize the collected energy is vital for consumer electronics applications. This analysis is compared to organic and inorganic thin film solar cells.


The refolding step is of key importance for industrially produced protein aggregates to regain their biological activities. A number of strategies, including the direct dilution and chromatographic methods, have been utilized to improve the performance of the refolding process; however, refinement and advances on these methods are ongoing. Using lysozymes as a model system, we presented a study on the effects of redox system GSH/GSSG on protein refolding process in size exclusion chromatography (SEC). Attempts were first made to understand how redox constituents of refolding buffer affected the direct dilution or SEC refolding performance, and then to compare the operating mechanisms between the direct dilution and SEC refolding methods. Our results showed that, the combination of reduced as well as oxidized forms of glutathione was able to provide a favourable environment for protein renaturation. The performance of denatured protein refolding could be optimized via an appropriate choice of the relative distribution between GSH and GSSG. Moreover, our research further indicated that SEC packing provided an inhibitory action against aggregation, especially at lower dilution factors (or higher protein concentrations). We believe that the outcome from this study may facilitate the development of a more effective strategy for protein refolding processes.


The casting process of TiAl turbocharger with gravity casting,centrifugal casting and vacuum suction casting were comparatively studied by numerical simulation.Laws of cavity-filling and the solidification characteristics of molten TiAl in the turbocharger mold were analyzed.The results show that grivity casting and centrifugal casting are prone to produce defects such as misrun,shrinkage porosity,shrinkage cavity.The filling ability of TiAl molten can be improved by the vacuum suction casting process and its stationary filling process can be well feed,which is a ideal forming method for small TiAl casting.


In this paper,the flow and heat transfer of pulsating flow under low vibrational Reynolds number in a transverse tube were studied through numerical simulation method.The results showed that: the sine(or cosine) fluctuation of outlet pressure was produced by pulsating flow,furthermore,the fluctuate scope increased with increasing amplitude and frequency of pulsating flow;under low velocity and low vibrational Reynolds number,the vortices were induced to generate,migrate and shed periodically by pulsating flow;due to the growing of vortices,radial and mutual disturbance of flow were aggravated and flow boundary layer was thinner,therefore,the mass and energy transfer were enhanced;with the increasing amplitude of pulsating flow,the maximum enhanced heat transfer coefficient can reach 1.97.


CONTEXT
Our recent experience with a patient developing cutaneous metastases within 3 months of diagnosis of esophageal adenocarcinoma suggests that altered expression of the cellular adhesion molecules, E-cadherin and CD44v6, may have had a role to play in the rapid onset of metastases.

OBJECTIVE
To corroborate these findings, we designed a cross-sectional study to investigate the expression of select molecules involved in the metastatic cascade.

DESIGN
E-cadherin, beta-catenin, CD44v6, and HER2/neu immunohistochemical stains were performed on archival materials of metastatic adenocarcinoma to the skin from 27 patients and the available corresponding primary tumors in 10 patients. The primary sites included breast (n = 10; 37%), gastrointestinal tract (n = 10; 37%), ovary (n = 1; 4%), thyroid (n = 2; 7%), lung (n = 1; 4%), and unknown primary (n = 3; 11%).

RESULTS
Expression of all markers was noted with the most significant increases observed in beta-catenin (26 of 27 cases; 96%), followed by CD44v6 (24 of 27 cases; 89%), E-cadherin (22 of 27 cases; 82%), and HER2/neu (11 of 27 cases; 41%). Contrasting expression of these molecules in the primary versus the metastatic tumors, enhanced expression of CD44v6 was observed in the cutaneous metastases relative to the primary in 6 of 10 (60%) cases. Of interest, 2 of these 6 cases (33%) also showed reduction in E-cadherin--a member of the cadherin family functioning as an invasion suppressor molecule.

CONCLUSIONS
These findings reinforce the complexities of the metastatic cascade and imply that the variation in adhesive properties of tumor cells is, perhaps, a consequence of the difference in density of the molecules mediating this process.


The utility model relates to flue gas purification equipment, which belongs to the technical field of waste gas (flue gas) purification. The technical scheme includes that the flue gas purification equipment comprises a gas inlet (7), an inlet spray device (5), a purification channel (3), blades (4) and a spray device (8), the inlet spray device is arranged at the gas inlet, the blades are arranged in the purification channel in a layered manner, more than three blades are arranged on each layer, the blades extend towards the outer wall of the purification channel by starting from the axis of the purification channel, extending positions of the blades are not in contact and are arranged at intervals, more than two layers of blades are parallelly arranged in the purification channel, and the spray device is arranged in the purification channel. Compared with common industrial flue gas dedusting, dewatering and desulfurizing equipment, the flue gas purification equipment has the advantages that investment is saved, resistance is low, purification efficiency is high, and secondary pollution is avoided.


The study of "The Effect of Different Starter Dosage to Organoleptic Value of Kefir Cow Milk Products" was carried out from May to July 2016 at the Microbiology Research Laboratory, Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Andalas University, Padang. The purpose of this study was to determine the organoleptic value (aroma, taste and organoleptic) of cow's milk kefir products from three different starter doses, and the results were with Wilcoxon Level Test. The results showed that organoleptic assessment of the aroma of cow milk kefir products with a treatment dose of 15% starter (3.00) was the most preferred dose for the panelist, while kefir with a treatment dose of 5% (2.27) is a dose that is less preferred by panelists. The taste assessment of the organoleptic of cow's milk kefir products, the starter dose of 10% (2.87) was the most preferred by the panelists, but the dose of 15% (2.33) was the least. Similar to the taste, the consistency of cow milk kefir with the dose of 10% (3.07) was most preferred, while the dose of 15% (2.33) was least preferred by the panelists.


A particulate composition comprising particles having a core comprising a hydrophobic polymer within a shell, composition characterized in that the shell comprises a semi-permeable membrane. Particulate composition, the particle comprises a core within a shell, the core comprises a hydrophobic polymer that is absorbed into the second hydrophobic liquid, the uniformly dispersed particles throughout the first hydrophobic liquid it can be used to produce stable dispersions. The composition may be used to encapsulate the active substance may be used in sustained release mechanisms.


BEGINNING TEACHERS' PERCEPTIONS OF PREPAREDNESS: A TEACHER EDUCATION PROGRAM'S TRANSFERABILITY AND IMPACT ON THE SECONDARY ENGLISH/LANGUAGE ARTS CLASSROOM by M. Cynthia Jordan Thompson In October 2009, United States Secretary of Education Arne Duncan declared in a speech to Columbia University's Teachers College that many university teacher preparation programs are outdated and must undergo major reform in order to produce high quality teachers needed to improve academic achievement for all students (U.S. Department of Education, 2009). Duncan stated that ―America's university-based teacher preparation programs need revolutionary change – not evolutionary tinkering‖ (U.S. Department of Education, 2009, p. 2). To improve student success in the classroom, policy makers must understand the key role well-trained teachers play in achieving this goal (Boyd, Lankford, Clothfelter, Ladd, & Vigdor, 2004; Loeb, Rockoff, & Wyckoff, 2007; Provasnik & Young, 2003; Rice, 2003; Rivers & Sanders, 2002). This study examined the specific aspects of an English teacher preparation program that beginning teachers implement and rely on in their classrooms on a consistent basis. In addition, this study examines how administrators/department chairs view the pedagogical competence of graduates from the English teacher preparation program. The research questions that guided this study are: (1) How do beginning teachers perceive their preparation for teaching in the urban English Language Arts classroom? (2) How do school administrators perceive the teaching ability of graduates? The participants were graduates of Southern Urban University's English Education Master's level program from 2005 – 2008. Data sources included Beginning Teacher Questionnaires, Administrator/Department Chair Questionnaires, in-depth phenomenological interviews with select teachers, classroom observations of select teachers' practice, ―card sort‖ activity/interview, teacher artifacts and photographs. Data were analyzed inductively using the constant comparative method to determine categories and themes (Glaser & Strauss, 1967). Trustworthiness was established through research methods that confirm credibility, transferability, dependability, and confirmability (Lincoln & Guba, 1985). This study provides insight into how to better educate high quality teachers through the examination of an English teacher preparation program's daily effect and impact on their graduates and an examination of school administrators'/department chairs' perception of these graduates' performance in the


Live programming can be considered an interaction with incomplete code. Dynamic languages embrace the similar style of programming, such as pair programming and prototyping in a review session. Static languages require a certain degree of completeness of code, such as type safety and namespace resolution. SOMETHINGit is a Smalltalk library that combines dynamic Smalltalk and static Haskell and VDM-SL. SOMETHINGit enables programmers to write incomplete but yet partially mathematically sound programs by five levels of bridging mechanisms.


A feedback information modified algorithm for computing the symmetries of differential equations is given, and a mathematical program is implemented. The program mainly contains two parts, one is for the calculation of classical Lie group, which is an innovation of the program in paper 〔3〕 by adding in some special skills, another is for the calculation of non-classical Lie group. It has the merit of high efficiency, easy to operate, and versatility. As application of our algorithm and program symmetries of some differential equations, such as mKdV,Jimbo-Miwa equations, are calculated which prove the effectiveness of the algorithm and program.


The cross-coupling between the X- and Y-axis suspension forces caused by the salient pole structure leads to unstable suspension control for bearingless doubly salient electromagnetic (BDSEM) motors. In this article, the cross-coupling characteristics of the 12/8-pole BDSEM motor are analyzed. The inherent orthogonality of the motor structure, as well as of the biased magnetic field, is illustrated. A new control method based on nonsynchronous rotating coordinate transformation is proposed. The suspension force characteristics in the proposed nonsynchronous rotating frame both under no-load and load conditions are studied by the mathematical model and finite element method. A 12/8-pole BDSEM motor and a suspension force controller are developed. The analytical and experimental results show that the suspension force cross-coupling of the BDSEM motor is reduced significantly.


A model of torpedo attack trajectory was established with the meeting triangle method in combination with the chase trajectory method.The Monte-Carlo method was used for simulating the combat process of suspended depth charge intercepting torpedo.According to the simulation,the interception probability of depth charge against torpedo can be estimated by use of approximate normal distribution of ratio sample.Taking the torpedo alert distance for example,this paper made a primary study of the influence of main technical and tactical parameters on interception probability by random elasticity analysis.The study can provide reference for the exploration of combat training and tactical application of suspended depth charge intercepting torpedo.


The conditions,which are at anytime or in anywhere,are environmental conditions.They contain natural conditions and appli- cation conditions.This article introduces kinds of natural environment conditions which affect electronic and electrical products and part statistical data that can help reliability experiment.


The largest wind turbines today often reach heights where traditional models of the wind speed and how it varies with height no longer can be expected to apply. For accurate assessment of wind energy resources and loads on wind turbines, there is a need for better understanding of the flow of air above the atmospheric surface layer. Continuous and detailed measurements of mean winds and turbulence above the surface layer are expensive and difficult to obtain. Computational fluid dynamics modelling of the atmospheric flow can be an attractive alternative or supplement to field experiments. In this study, the method of large-eddy simulation (LES) is applied to gain improved insight on the flow in the atmospheric boundary layer (ABL). The primary motivation behind the study has been to facilitate improvement of analytical wind profile models valid above the surface layer, however, the prospect of using LES more directly in applications such as short-term forecasting of the turbulent flow at e.g. wind farm sites is also considered. Two case studies based on measurements from the rural site of Høvsøre, Denmark and a suburban site in Hamburg, Germany demonstrate the need for accurate specification of the large-scale pressure forcing, when using LES for prediction of real-world wind profiles. In the Høvsøre case study, simulated wind speeds agree well with measurements throughout the ABL, but only when the applied forcing follows a heightand time-dependent pressure gradient estimated from continuous LIDAR measurements of the wind speed above the ABL. Including unsteadiness and baroclinic effects in the forcing also improves agreement with measurements in the Hamburg case study, but not as unambiguously as in the Høvsøre case study. It is concluded that the measurements available at and around the site in Hamburg are insufficient for accurate estimation of the driving pressure gradient, and that phenomena such as large-scale subsidence and advection also should be included in the LES for accurate wind profile prediction. A range of simulations of more idealized conditions are performed to study the influence of the free atmosphere Brunt Vaisala frequency and baroclinicity on the development and steady-state structure of neutral and near-neutral ABLs. It is found that an adjustment time of at least 16 hours is needed for the simulated flow to reach a quasi-steady state. The highly idealized conditions facilitate the formation of a super-geostrophic jet near the top of the ABL. It is considered to be a rare phenomena in the real-world ABL, and is not accounted for by the analytical models of the wind shear included in this study. It is furthermore shown that the considered wind profile model can be improved by appropriately accounting for the wind shear due to the free atmosphere Brunt Vaisala frequency and baroclinicity. The thesis is submitted to the Danish Technical University in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the PhD degree. 2013 Project Period: 14.10.2010 – 14.11.2013


The applications of the Domb-Joyce model to polymer chains of finite length is discussed. Techniques are developed which permit the computation of the mean square end-to-end length (RN2( omega )) of a lattice walk with an interaction omega . Numerical estimates of the first three coefficients of the series alpha 2=1+k1 Omega 2+... are obtained for various N, and these estimates are extrapolated to N infinite, thus yielding the two-parameter value. The results are in excellent agreement with theoretical predictions, and confirm the universality hypothesis of Domb. Some consideration is given to the possible form of corrections to the two-parameter function.


In this paper, optimization of operating and design parameters on interdigitated flow channel with 49 cm2 effective area of the Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC) was considered numerically using CFD and Minitab 17 software. The factors considered for the optimization was landing to channel width ratios (L: C) -1:1, 1:2, 2:1 and 2:2, operating pressure (1, 1.5, 2 and 2.5 bar), temperature (313, 323, 333 and 343 K), anode and cathode reactants as stoichiometric ratios (S/F) of 3, 3.5, 4 and 4.5. Based on the optimization study, the L:C-1:2 has maximum influence on PEMFC performance and square of response factor (R2) was achieved by Taguchi method as 99.9 %.


This paper presents a methodology for modeling the coordination of multi robot teams in the execution of cooperative tasks The main idea is to use hybrid systems theory in order to model the cooperation Basically during the execution of the task each robot can be in one of several discrete states called roles being controlled by di erent dynamic equations in each role The coordination of the team is obtained by the synchronization of discrete state transitions role assignments and communication among the robots The methodology is demonstrated in a cooperative manipulation task in which two heterogeneous robots cooperate in order to transport a large object between two di erent locations in an environment containing obstacles


The University of East Anglia, at Norwich, was one of a number of new universities founded in Britain in the 1960s in response to the need to increase the provision for higher education. Remarkable for its architecture, primarily by Denys Lasdun, and for its superb Sainsbury Art Collection, its history is a telling commentary on the opportunities and problems faced by British universities in the second half of the 20th century. This text is a full account of the University of East Anglia's foundation, growth and distinctive character. Michael Sanderson highlights both the university's successes and failures, and paints a picture of life, teaching and research on the campus.


Abstract Philippe de Vitry's tenure of the bishopric of Meaux in the last decade of his life, 1351–61, the crowning event of his court and church career, has often been regarded as a period of retirement from creative activity. A reassessment of this judgement is timely, following new musical discoveries and literary work exposing links between Vitry and his contemporaries. Using new archival material, this article explores the geopolitical context of Vitry's work in the diocese of Meaux; his engagement with political society, king and court; and his role in events under a national government fractured by the capture of Jean II at Poitiers in 1356. It examines the interplay of Vitry's career, relationships and output, identifying the composer's house in Paris, and exploring his family relationships, and his engagement with Pierre Bersuire, among others, in the creative circles of mid-fourteenth-century Paris. It also illuminates a context and opportunities for the continuation of his creative work into the late 1350s, some remnants of which survive in the literary miscellany Paris, BN Lat. 3343.


In view of the fact that clusters used in large scale computing are on the rise, ensuring the wellbeing of these clusters is of paramount significance. This highlights the importance of supervising and monitoring the cluster. In this regard, many tools have been contributed that can efficiently monitor the Hadoop cluster. The majority of these tools congregates necessary information from each of the node in the cluster and takes it for processing. These diagnosis tools are mostly post execution analysis tools. This paper presents an exploratory assessment of the different log analyzers used for failure detection and monitoring in Hadoop.


There are two common sets of underlying assumptions about organizations and their management Mechanistic and Organic. The mechanistic paradigm has led to the adoption of a scientific rationality which makes whole human beings marginal to an enterprise, and regards people as interchangeable, replaceable parts of a structured system. This implies the treatment of employees as less than fully human, in terms of skills and the full extent of mind, body and spirit. The reduction of employees to roles and tasks may affect not only their working life but mental wellness and perception of personal fulfillment. This paper argues for the adoption of an organic view of organizations focused on complete human beings at work. It sees organizations as existing through networks of whole people in relationship with one another. The indigenous evidence presented here suggests the adoption of the organic paradigm has been more common in less industrialized settings. The turbulent world may increasingly require organic approaches in order to achieve competitive advantage.


The invention provides a silicon rubber cross-linked flame-retardant cable material. The cable material is prepared from the following raw materials, by weight, 100 parts of silicon rubber, 20-30 parts of ethylene propylene diene monomer, 8-10 parts of chlorinated polyethylene, 15-20 parts of acetylene black, 0.5-1.0 part of dimethyl silicone oil, 0.2-0.5 parts of dicumyl peroxide (DCP), 20-30 parts of high-density polyethylene, 15-25 parts of calcium silicate, 0.5-1.0 part of modified argil, 30-40 parts of precipitated silica, 1-3 parts of a silane coupling agent, 0.2-0.5 parts of an antioxidant 4040, 0.5-1.5 parts of a promoter TMTD, 0.2-0.5 parts of a vulcanizing agent BP, 2-4 parts of tribasic lead sulfate, 12-15 parts of antimony (III) oxide, and 6-8 parts of zinc borate. The cable material has the advantages of excellent flame retardation, very less smoke in combustion, no generation of toxic gases or corrosive gases, good high and low temperature resistances, good corrosion resistance, good water resistance, good ozone resistance, and good ageing resistance.


Chitosan/gelatin composite films were prepared by solution blending,then the light transmittance,the water-solubility and the thermal degradation by thermogravimetry analysis of composite films were determined.Results showed that the light transmittance,the thermal stability and water-solubility of composite films rose with the increment of the content of gelatin. Thermal analysis results showed that the thermal degradation of composite films in the nitrogen was a two-steps reactions,and the degradation temperature(T) rose with the gelatin content(X):the initial temperature of weight loss To=0.03467X+246.5,the temperature at the maximum weight loss rate Tp=0.3460X+282.1 and the final temperature at weight loss Tf=1.001X+311.9. Cp and Cf were the degradation rates which correspond to Tp and Tf separately,they were not affected by X,and the average value of Cp and Cf were 35.32%±2.54% and 56.28%±1.56%,respectively. The activation energy(E) and frequency factor(A) of the thermal degradation of composite films changed during the three reaction processes.


Early identification of students at-risk for reading problems has become a national priority. At the present time,the most commonly used kindergarten screening methods are selfmade by local districts and are not considered effective methods of early detection for at-risk readers. This retrospective study involved third, fourth and fifth grade students enrolled in a suburban elementary school during the 2007-2008 school year. The first research question examined the relationship between at-risk status determined with the Kindergarten Screening measure prior to entry into kindergarten and at-risk status determined by Dynamic Indicators of Basic Early Literacy Skills measures administered in the fall of kindergarten. The comparison between the category classifications derived from the Kindergarten Screening Summary Scores and the category classifications derived from the Dynamic Indicators of Basic Early Literacy Skills Summary Scores produced the best combination of sensitivity and specificity values. The second research question was designed to examine the predictive relationship between the Kindergarten Screening measure and the Kindergarten Dynamic Indicators of Basic Early Literacy Skills measures with Winter Oral Reading Fluency in Grades 1 and 2. The Dynamic Indicators of Basic Early Literacy SkillsSummary score demonstrated greater levels of sensitivity and greater improvement over chance in predicting Grade 1 Winter Oral Reading Fluency than did the Kindergarten Screening measure for two of the three cohorts and greater sensitivity than Letter Naming Fluency or Initial Sound Fluency for all cohorts. The third research question investigated the effectiveness of the reading instruction based on the results of the Kindergarten Summary Scores, Oral Reading Fluency and Measures of Academic Performace scores. Improvements in at-risk status were noted as for Oral Reading Fluency as


For matrix product states of one-dimensional spin-1/2 chains, we investigate the properties of quantum phase transition of the proposed composite system. We find that the system has three different ferromagnetic phases, one line of the two ferromagnetic phases coexisting equally describes the paramagnetic state, and the other two lines of two ferromagnetic phases coexisting equally describe the ferrimagnetic states, while the three phases coexisting equally point describes the ferromagnetic state. Whether on phase transition lines or at the phase transition point, the system is always in an isolated mediate-coupling state, the physical quantities are discontinuous and the system has long-range correlation and has long-range classical correlation and long-range quantum correlation. We believe that our work is helpful for comprehensively and profoundly understanding the quantum phase transitions, and of some certain guidance and enlightening on the classification and measure of quantum correlation of quantum many-body systems.


In a sample from the Niederschlema-Alberoda U - Se-polymetallic deposit, western Erzgebirge, Germany, the entire PbSe - PbS solid-solution series was observed associated with uraninite, coffinite, hematite, acanthite, sphalerite, chalcopyrite, pyrite, and lollingite. Early deposited, Se-rich members of the Pb(Se, S) series occur as fracture fillings inside spherical uraninite or on its surface or form anhedral to subhedral grains precipitated in the immediate neighbourhood of the U minerals. Later crys- tallized, S-rich members of the series are affiliated with the sulfide minerals. The solid-solution series covers the range PbS1.00 - Pb(S0.04Se0.96)Σ1.00 virtually free of gaps, consistent with a temperature of formation of ≥ 100 uC. The PbSe - PbS solid solutions were likely deposited from hydrothermal fluids that became successively depleted in Se and enriched in S. The fugacities of sele- nium and sulfur covered the range -17 < logƒSe2 < - 26 and -17 < logƒS2 < - 22, respectively, implying ƒSe2/ƒS2 ≤ 1. The spher- ical texture of the uraninite, as well as its U-Th - total Pb age (192 ± 21 Ma), imply deposition of the Pb(Se, S) series during the Jurassic, contemporaneous with the formation of the bulk of the other selenium minerals. The electron-microprobe data from this study confirm earlier inferences on complete miscibility between clausthalite and ga- lena deduced from X-ray patterns of PbSe - PbS solid solutions from different uranium-vanadium deposits of the Colorado Pla- teau (Coleman 1959). In Niederschlema-Alberoda, the entire clausthalite - galena series occurs in a single section.


such adolescents, the students responded to the question: "What kind of objects could be photographed to tell a story about you as a student?" Thus began a quest, using interviews and photographs, to learn how our students view themselves as learners. Timothy said, "I am a television because you never know what channel I am going to be on." Brendan imagined, "I am a locker: I have information stored inside, it is locked away, and I don't always use it." Becky described herself, "I am a cat because a cat has energy at unusual times and is calm and relaxed at other times." Kiki said, "I am yin yang because sometimes I have good energy and other times I have dark energy that gets me in trouble." Angie explained, "I am the earth because of its diversity of life."


In the human resource management literature there is an ongoing debate about which is the key organizational resource: human resource (HR) practices or HR capabilities. Our study attempts to address this debate by examining which resource HR executives in the Asia-Pacific region find to be important for the future organizational and people needs of their firms. Results indicate that HR capabilities are central to organizations. Development of core competencies, agile organizations, and effective management of human resources will be pivotal to responding effectively to future business needs. Results also indicate that the lingering effects of the Asian financial crisis and competition from local and global competitors will affect organizational and people management in the years to come. These findings inform HR practitioners and shed light on the application of the resource-based view of the firm to the study of human resource management.


The development of medical technology led to the longer lifetime and the decrease of birthrate and mortality. From the year 2000, Korea come into the aging society. This increasing will be an important social problem. But social welfare infrastructure for those old people is under the below level. So the government provided Elderly welfare housing. But the design guideline for elderly housing leave something to be desired. So, this study is aim to survey of 8 elderly welfare housing and use of basic data for design guideline for elderly housing.


Objective To realize the characteristics of clinical distribution of multidrug-resistant organisms(MDRO)in a hospital,and take specific measures for the prevention and control of infection.Methods Surveillance data of 891 MDR isolates detected in a hospital between January 1 and December 31,2012 were analyzed retrospectively.Results Of 891 MDR isolates,extended-spectrumβ-lactamase(ESBL)-producing Escherichia coli ranked first(342,38.39%),followed by ESBL-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae(195,21.89%),MDR Acinetobacter baumannii(185,20.76%),methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus(138,15.49%),MDR Pseudomonas aeruginosa(27,3.03%),ESBL-producing Proteus mirabilis(2,0.22%),and ESBL-producing Klebsiella oxytoca(2,0.22%);Bacteria mainly concentrated on general intensive care unit(ICU)(163,18.29%),department of neurology(136,15.26%),general surgery(103,11.56%),neurosurgery(85,9.54%),and respiratory diseases department(71,7.97%).The most common bacteria isolated from sputum was MDR Acinetobacter baumannii(242,50.63%),and mainly concentrated on general ICU;the most common bacteria isolated from urine was ESBL-producing Escherichia coli(141,80.57%),mainly concentrated on the departments of neurology and urology.Conclusion MDRO infection in this hospital mainly concentrate on lower respiratory tract and urinary system.Monitor on high-risk departments and vulnerable patients should be intensified,targeted preventive measures should be stressed to curb MDRO infection and spread.


In a trial, 1080 male white-leg (Hybro) chicks, 15 per cage, were given a basal diet low in selenium or diets with 12.5 or 25 % of G-yeast grown on alkane-type hydrocarbons. All diets were supplemented with 10 mg vitamin E and 100 mg antioxidant per kilogram and each kind of diet was supplemented with Se at 0.1, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75 and 1 mg/kg. There was a significantly negative linear effect of yeast on body weight, weight gain and a significantly positive linear effect on feed conversion up to 7 weeks of age, indicating that the two additions of Gyeast caused a depression in comparison with the control. The supplements of selenium did not improve weight gain or feed conversion, but increased contents of Se in breast and leg muscle at 7 weeks. The contents of Se in muscles of the broilers on the basal diet were rather high, presumably be cause of carry-over from the hen via the egg.


A preliminary study was conducted based on the rate of speech for typical pre-school children. The first and main purpose of this research, is to study and give data for children's speech rate, aged from 4;0-5;11 years old. A secondary purpose is to compare their speech rate according to their age and their gender. A total of 20 typical developing children from Cyprus participated in the study, ten of whom were 4;0-4;11 years old and ten children 5;0-5;11 years old. Each age group consisted of an equal number of children, depending on gender. A spontaneous speech sample was collected and analyzed to measure the speech rate in syllables per minute and in words per minute. Data from all comparisons showed that children aged 5;0-5;11 years old produce more syllables and words per minute than children aged 4;0-4;11 years old. Results, showed that girls produce more syllables and words per minute than boys. The data of this study expand the knowledge of speech and language therapists' about speech rate, which helps for evidence-based practice for evaluating and treating children with speech problems.


In photovoltaic energy systems, a two-stage power conversion system composed of boost converter and three-phase voltage source inverter improves the energy conversion efficiency. A novel deadbeat current control (DBCC) for the boost converter and a modulated model predictive current control (M2PCC) for the grid-side converter are proposed to obtain constant switching frequency operation. The DBCC regulates the inductor current for the maximum power point tracking, while the M2PCC controls the stationary-frame grid currents such that the grid active and reactive powers are regulated with excellent power quality. The proposed control strategies ensure less steady-state error and fast transient response under a wide dynamic range. To verify the feasibility of the proposed controls, simulation studies are conducted on a 12-kW system at different irradiance, temperature and grid reactive powers.


China is an agriculture country.Rural education problems are still the important factors which influence and decide Chinese modernization process.Two to three decades on behalf of the twentieth century,a group of abroad students participate in rural educational experiment in Dingxian Hebei.It can be said that Chinese abroad students serving for motherland promote Chinese social progress and the development of rural education.Also it is a large attempt that they melt rural into modernization orbit.They take root in Dingxian rural areas for carrying out social surveys and writing the investigation report.And the report is used as a scientific basis to promote rural education experiment successfully with a variety of strategies and ways.For example,the literacy campaign aims to raise the literacy rate and cultural quality of farmers,which bases on writing textbooks and founding the civilian school as the main mode.And they create a modern Chinese-style drama to rich the literary and artistic life of the farmers.They implement agricultural improvements to increase agricultural productivity and promote the development of production.What's more,in order to solve the problem of lacking rural teachers and improve teaching quality,they implement the tutor system.Their successful experience of rural educational experiments in Dingxian provides a useful lesson to Chinese current rural education: increasing teacher training in rural areas,improving the overall quality of rural teachers;paying attention to the importance of adult education in rural areas and improving their scientific and cultural quality;paying attention to the combination of social survey and production learning and study;enhancing the quality of services in rural areas;leading college students to work in the rural areas and serve for the development of rural economic in order to contribute to society and realize the value of their lives.


Despite the promise of ferrotherapy in cancer treatment, current ferrous therapeutics suffer from compromised antitumor ferroptosis efficacy and low specificity for tumors. Herein, a protease‐activatable nanozyme (firstname.lastname@example.com) is reported for photoacoustic and tumor‐enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)‐guided second near‐IR photothermal ferroptosis cancer therapy. firstname.lastname@example.com remains stable in physiological conditions, but disintegrates to increase reactive intratumoral ferrous supply for elevated hydroxyl radical generation by Fenton reaction and GSH depletion in response to overexpressed matrix metalloproteinases in tumor microenvironment, leading to amplified ferroptosis of tumor cells as well as enhanced T2‐weighted MRI contrast. Further integration with second near‐IR photoirradiation to generate localized heat not only triggers effective photothermal therapy and photoacoustic imaging but more importantly, potentiates Fenton reaction to promote ferroptotic tumor cell death. Such synergism leads to the polarization of tumor‐associated macrophage from the tumor‐promoting M2 type to the tumor‐killing M1 type, and induces the immunogenic cells death of tumor cells, which in turn promotes the maturation of dendritic cells and infiltration of cytotoxic T lymphocytes in tumor, contributing to significant tumor suppression. This study presents a novel activatable ferrous nanotheranostics for spatial‐temporal control over antitumor ferroptosis responses.


This thesis is the first step towards a solid theoretical description of Higgs radiation off heavy quarks at hadron colliders, PP̄/PP → QQ̄H . For Higgs masses roughly below 120GeV tt̄H production can probably increase the Higgs discovery potential at the TEVATRON and represents a substantial contribution to the Higgs signal at the LHC. Providing that the branching ratio of the decay of the Higgs boson into bb̄ is known, this process offers in addition the opportunity of a first direct measurement of the top Yukawa coupling which allows an insight into the generation of fermion masses. The calculation of the next-to-leading order QCD corrections to QQ̄H production is presented in this thesis. Including these corrections drastically reduces the dependence of the cross section on the renormalization and factorization scales, rendering the prediction theoretically reliable. At the central scale, which is defined as half the threshold energy, the next-to-leading order QCD corrections slightly reduce the cross section of tt̄H production at the TEVATRON by roughly 20% and increase it by the same amount at the LHC. The prediction of the cross section of bb̄H production is more involved due to the large mass splitting of the bottom quark and the Higgs boson. First numerical results of the next-to-leading order predictions of the corresponding cross section are presented.


While the dynamics of trust in the national government have been shown to be responsive to political events and governmental performance, less is known about why the publics trust in U.S. state and local government rises and falls over time. We examine the trends in confidence in subnational government using an aggregate level approach. First, we consider whether levels of trust are defined by reactions to the national government. Second, we consider how factors specific to subnational politics such as governmental performance and the quality of community life influence trust. Using measures of confidence in state and local government from 1968 to 2004 and a set of error correction models, we find evidence for both accounts. Confidence in subnational governments reflects national trends such as economic tides and public preferences for more or less government, but also exhibits unique dynamics explained by factors specific to subnational politics.


This study aims to develop critical reading skills material based on conversations in the Koran for Arabic Language Students at IAIN Samarinda. The research method used is the research and development of the Balitho and Jolly models with the following stages: (1) identification of the problem as a disclosure of needs; (2) exploration as a needs analysis; (3) realization of context as product design planning; (4) pedagogical realization as product preparation; (5) Product realization as the initial product and validation of the expert team; (6) implementation as a product test in the field in limited groups and large groups; (7) evaluation as a revision for product improvement. The results of the study: (1) the teaching material for critical reading skills based on conversations in the Koran (2) The teaching material has characteristics (a) contains facts and opinions; (b) the material contains many arguments; (c) contains many words which, if expressed correctly, can create new understandings (3) the application of teaching materials to Arabic students shows quite effective results. The new finding of this research is the teaching material which contains various facts and opinions, as well as many arguments that can improve students' ability to think critically.


Quantum tunnelling induces transitions not only through potential barriers, but also through energy barriers of dynamical origin. The coupling to a noisy environment introduces dissipation which affects tunnelling. This effect is studied by an analytic non-perturbative solution of a problem involving tunnelling through a dynamical barrier in the presence of a noisy environment. The accessibility to the classically forbidden energy region above the dynamical barrier is reduced (enhanced) by the friction(diffusion) effect. The occupation of each level above the dynamical barrier is characterized by the succession in time of two different regimes. The transition between both regimes is ruled by an energy criterion which is discussed.


For the door (2) mounted on the vehicle body corresponding to the mouth of the door means (10), comprising gripping a door (1) of the cam; removably secured (4) is generally provided at the door side of the latch vehicle adjustable stop (3) a cross-head position of the lock on the door, the door (2) on one side (2a) comprises a cutout (5) for tight when the door (2) in the door opening attached to the adjustable stopper (3), wherein the clamping cam (1) comprises one of the first means, designed to hold the vehicle on a vehicle body (10), while the other the second aspect includes means designed to hold and support the door (2), that end of the door cutout (5) supported on the adjustable stopper (3).


A mixed-valence state, formally denoted as Fe , is observed in the 300 K Mo ̈ssbauer spectra of the most reduced samples of SmBaFe 2O51w . Upon cooling below the Verwey-type transition temperature ( TV '200 K), the component assigned to Fe 2.51 separates into a high-spin Fe 31 state and an Fe 21 state with an unusually low internal field. The separation of the mixed-valence state at TV is also confirmed by magnetic susceptibility measurements and differential scanning calorimetry. A model is proposed which accounts for the variation of the amount of the mixed-valence state with the oxygen content parameter w. @S0163-1829 ~99!00446-4#


Histology (70/4968 and 5086). The fundal tumour was a well-differentiated adenocarcinoma with superficial invasion of the myometrium. The endometrium was 0.2 cm thick and showed senile cystic hyperplasia. The endometrial polyp was of senile type with cystically dilated glands, 1.4 x 0.5 cm. A circumscribed, well differentiated adenocarcinoma (fig. 6) was present 0.2 cm above its base, extended upwards along one surface and occupied an area 0.5 x 0.3 cm. The remainder of the polyp was free of growth.


This invention refers to an oxygen and dissolved oxygen measuring instrument which is suitable for operation conditions of pressure gas and under water conditions. The sensor of the said instrument includes a pair of primary cells. One of them is constructed by a measuring electrode of glassy carbon and the first zinc counter electrode functioning to measure the concn. of oxygen as soon as it penetrates the oxygen transferring membrane onto the surface of measuring electrode, oxygen is thus reduced and the output current therefrom is directly proportional to the oxygen concn. Another primary cell is constructed by gold plated membrane attached to the oxygen permeable membrane and the second zinc counter electrode which is used to eleminate the residual oxygen in the electrolyte around the electrode so as to increase the measuring accuracy of the sensor and shorten the response time.


From early 2008, the issue of rising global food prices moved to the forefront of the international political agenda. As a result of higher food prices, tens of millions of people were pushed into hunger and poverty around the world. Civil unrest flared up in North Africa, Vietnam and Haiti as countries introduced export restrictions on food subsidies and instituted price controls. Food price inflation has been sparking protests in North Africa that toppled longstanding presidents in Tunisia and Egypt. In the food markets, unfavourable weather conditions, rising fuel costs, rising biofuels production, and trade restrictions have added to upward price pressures. Higher food and fuel prices have serious macroeconomic effects throughout the global economy, including adverse effects on growth and inflation, and large swings in the terms of trade – with important balance of payments repercussions. In this paper, we analyse the immediate causes of food price; in particular the role of biofuel, and discuss actions policy makers may need to take to ensure global food security.


In India, post and courier system are one of the most commonly used communication portals. The Indian postal system is the biggest network among whole world. In India the people living in the rural area are more as compared to the metropolitan region. Due to such circumstances a system should be developed which is efficient to handle large number of posts and parcels at post courier stations. For such purpose, we are designing a system which will eliminate all possibilities of the errors produced by traditional sorting methodologies. We are implementing the system with the help of LabVIEW software which uses the Optical Character Recognition (OCR) technique to recognize the address. On the input side camera is used as a detector to capture images of the envelope. While using the Optical Character Recognition technique the detection of the address can be done without compulsion of pin code. LabVIEW will compare the input image with the stored database and as it matches with stored database, a moving arm will take the parcel to its appropriate locations. This, all process will minimize human errors and the number of other error probabilities caused due to conventional system.


n the article features of implementation and development of financial innovations in commercial banks activity are considered, objective need of their application for banking is proved


There is an on-going thrust within the Department of Defense (DoD) to maximize the use of commercial off the shelf (COTS) automatic test systems (ATS) in order to gain the benefits of the latest technology, availability, commonality from factory to depot, and economies of scale. While simple in concept, the application of commercial ATS has unique challenges that can have a major effect on the overall success of the new or replacement ATS program. The system integrator function, whether performed by the customer or a third party system integrator, is a necessary program component for the successful application of commercial ATS to DoD applications


The utility model provides a multi-functional foldable traveling clothes hanger, including the couple, the one end of couple the connection left side bearing diagonal pole and the right side bearing diagonal pole that can rotate by a hinge structure, the bottom crossbeam is connected respectively to said the left side bearing diagonal pole and the right side bearing diagonal pole other end, wherein, the downside that bottom this one end of crossbeam is connected to said left side bearing diagonal pole and right side bearing diagonal pole is formed with the recess of inside concave yield, and the bottom crossbeam interconnect's that can rotate by the 2nd hinge structure including one end left side crossbeam and right side crossbeam, the other end of left side crossbeam and right side crossbeam is can being in of correspondence respectively in gliding embedding in the recess of left side bearing diagonal pole and right side bearing diagonal pole. The utility model discloses twice of can realize the clothes hanger is folding to reduce the whole volume of clothes hanger, carry when conveniently going on a journey, it uses to adapt multiple topography and sunning condition to the function is diversified, thereby substitutes ordinary clothes hanger, offers convenience for people's trip, tourism.


Let k be an algebraic number field (of finite degree) and K/k be a (finite) Galois extension with Galois group R. In connection with the class field theory, Weil [101 derived a certain canonical factor set a(o, r) of 9 in the idele-class group (K of K, which is uniquely determined by K/k in the sense of equivalence. For instance, a (mod R') -?f t r(o, A) (Ek k, essentially) (mod NK/k( RK)) is the Artin reciprocity law isomoprhism of 9/9' and Sk/NK/k( SK), where 9' is the commutator subgroup of R. A different approach to this (idele-class) factor set was given in [6]. Let, for each pair o, r, a(o, r) be a representative idele of a(o, r). Then (3a)(p, o, r) = a(o, r)a(po, r)-'a(p, o-r)a(p, oY)is, for each triple p, a, r, a principal idele, i.e. a non-zero element of K. We obtain thus a 3-cochain a(p, a, r) = (6a)(p, a, r) of 9 in the principal idele group PK of K, which is in fact a 3-cocycle. We saw, in [6], that this 3-cycocle a, or more precisely its cohomology class, attached in invariant fashion to the Galois extension K/k, has the order m/m', where m = (K: k) and m' is the least common multiple of the p-degrees of K/k, p running over all primes in k. It was shown further, in a joint paper [4] by Hochschild and the writer, that the cyclic group, of order m/m', generated by this 3-cohomology class is exactly the group of all 3-cohomology classes of 9 in PK with ceiling. This last group is in turn, according to EilenbergMacLane [1], nothing but the group of all Teichmtiller 3-cohomology classes for K/k, belonging to central simple algebras over K to which every element of ft can be extended (as automorphism). Now arises the problem to determine the exact algebra-class (though not unique) which possesses our a, attached to K/k, as its Teichmiiller-class. The present work is devoted to this problem and our solution is given in our Theorem in ?3. If a central simple algebra A over K, to which every automorphism of K/k can be extended, is given in a crossed-product form for instance, we can obtain its Teichmiiller-cocycle in a more or less explicit process involving the HilbertSpeiser theorem. On the other hand, in order to obtain our 3-cocycle a, we repeat the construction of the canonical idele-class factor set a given in [6], which is nothing but the global analogy of the local construction in Hochschild [3]1 and makes use of the idele interpretation of the principal genus theorem of Noether, but with more detailed analysis. Namely, we carry out all the processes in terms of ideles, rather than of idele-classes, preserving thus all principal idele factors which were discarded in [6]. This construction, involving the theorem of everywhere splitting algebras, the Hilbert-Speiser theorem and its idble analogy, leads to a. Though fairly explicit, these constructions of a and the Teichmfiller-


A few results on uniform and uniform ultimate boundedness properties of solutions of impulsively perturbed systems are presented in this paper, assuming the corresponding properties of solutions of the unperturbed nonlinear system.


The prevalent model for the photoresponse nonuniformity (PRNU) of digital cameras is (negatively) tested. The PRNU serves as a fingerprint of the underlying device that has proven its usefulness in image and video forensics. When such model is applied to derive analytical expressions characterizing the PRNU detection statistic, the predictions do not conform with reality. However, those expressions are thoroughly validated here through extensive experimentation using synthetic signals with parameters taken from real images. As a consequence, the current multiplicative PRNU model must be revised. This opens new venues for performance improvements in both the extraction and detection of device fingerprints.


A study of the cause of an inherent imbalance in a DRAM sense amplifier is presented. Refresh time measurements were used to assess this imbalance before and after hot-carrier stress has occurred. The stress effect on the sense amplifier was simulated using a circuit hot-electron effect simulator. This analysis has identified that the latch transistor threshold voltage variation, rather than layout capacitance difference, is the cause of the original imbalance. >


Magnetic and electronic properties of the mixed‐valence semiconductor LixNi2+1−2xNi3+xO are reinterpreted in terms of low‐spin states for both Ni ions. Anomalous decreases in hopping electron activation energies are discussed on the basis of (i) breakdown in antiferromagnetic ordering through spin canting of the Ni sublattices through exchange isolation caused by diamagnetic Li1+ ions that group with the low‐spin Ni3+ (S= (1)/(2) ) to form polarons, and (ii) enhanced disruption of magnetic superexchange that results from a combination of Li1+ dilutants and S=0 states of surrounding Ni2+ ions induced at low temperatures by static Jahn‐Teller tetragonal distortions of the oxygen octahedra around the Ni3+ polarons. Reported magnetic ordering and conduction anomalies in La2−xSrxNiO4 are then compared to the behavior of Cu in LixCu1−xO, and in the high‐Tc superconducting La2−xSrxCuO4 system. Spontaneous conduction through molecular‐orbital states involving zero‐spin Ni and Cu ions is discussed, together with t...


Erythropoietic protoporphyria arises from an inherited disorder of porphyrin metabolism which leads to an accumulation of protoporphyrin IX in the erythropoietic system and other tissues. It is characterized by cutaneous photosensitivity, usually difficult to keep under control. Among the scant therapeutic options proposed to reduce photosensitivity in erythropoietic protoporphyria, narrow‐band UVB phototherapy has occasionally been used to induce sunlight tolerance. We report an adult case of erythropoietic protoporphyria with a severe photosensitivity treated with narrow‐band UVB that developed an appropriate sunlight phototolerance, without adverse events during phototherapy.


It has been said the the decade of the 1990's represents a second golden age of science. We are in the midst of one of the most exciting and interesting periods in the history of exploration a period which holds the potential for expanding our understanding of scientific phenomena ranging from intricacies of the universe to the subtleties of our own planet. The opportunities to study the effects of microgravity in space seem limitless during the next decade. Using the European Space Agency (ESA) built Spacelab, we will maximize opportunities for development of new microgravity facilities in order to obtain new information and increase our understanding of the effects of gravitational forces on phenomena in biological, chemical and physical systems. NASA intends to move aggressively, but sensibly, to develop additional space research facilities as we build toward the unique Space Station Freedom resources becoming available towards the end of this decade.