The changing context in the New Labour Government policy and legislation to deliver healthcare introduced in England in 1999 reflected a discontinuity in the way that the healthcare organisations are controlled and this represented a new experience for the National Health Services (NHS). This paper examines empirically the effects of the introduction of a compulsory set of performance measures on the management processes of a particular English hospital. It demonstrates the complexities involved in using performance indicators to control activities in health care organisations. It explicates the course of change experienced by a particular organisation by highlighting both the intended and unintended outcomes associated with the pressure to change to meet the demands of a specific set of key targets. This case-study based research indicates that there is the need to pay a close attention to the way that the local-level healthcare organisations are interacting. The theoretically language adopted is informed by Broadbent and Laughlin (2005)'s analysis of organisational change, which draws on Laughlin (1991) and some aspects of Habermas' (1987) critical theory.


Abstract : Visits to three Israeli institutions are reported. One of these, the Technion, is the only engineering school in Israel. The other institutions visited were the Weizmann Institute and the Soreq Nuclear Research Center of the Israel Atomic Energy Commission.


Doug Moore * Joe Warren t~ Rice University Rice University In fields such as finite element analysis and computer graphics, there are important applications that require a triangulation, with well-shaped tetrahedral elements, of the interior or exterior of a curved solid. This paper describes a new technique for packing the interior of a solid bounded by a smooth surface, Previous methods have worked by packing the interior of the solid with a mesh of identical elements, then splitting elements that span the boundary to produce an accurate approximation to the boundary. This paper suggests a method that avoids such splitting but still yields an accurate approximation to the boundary. The method produces significantly more compact volume and surface triangulations, with guaranteed bounds on element aspect ratios. To illustrate the power of this method, the paper includes several examples that demonstrate the meshing of implicit 1y defined algebraic surfaces.


making potentially di ̧cult material any more complicated than necessary. Despite considerable cross-referencing, Volume 5 really cannot be considered a stand-alone work. In addition to a text of De oratore, readers will need to refer frequently to the previous volumes and probably to May and Wisse's translation (Oxford, 2001), itself cited, updated and corrected along the way with refreshing intellectual honesty. Likewise, some internal con·icts do not escape notice. Although Fantham is the chief contributor for 3.213–27, additions by Wisse appear throughout the running commentary. It remains unclear if these were simply helpful supplements or perhaps a re·ection of the danger inherent in letting irreconcilable di¶erences make their way to press. As a result, the section presents details with less evenness than other parts. Minor quibbles should not detract from the work's undeniable accomplishment. Scholars of De oratore will be pleased to have this μnal volume in their hands. It was worth the wait.


Discusses the emerging need for power engineering talent and what the IEEE Power Engineering Society is doing to attract the talent.


In this work, a novel ferroelectric tunnel FET (FeTFET) based time-domain content addressable memory (TD-CAM) is proposed and demonstrated with high distance-metric linearity and energy efficiency. By utilizing the modulated ambipolar feature of FeTFET, the XNOR-like comparison operation in time domain can be realized with only 3T, along with the dual-edge operation for further energy saving. Moreover, by utilizing the cascaded TD-CAM chain to accumulate propagation delay time, the proposed TD-CAM architecture can perform distance metric with ideally high linearity. Furthermore, benefiting from the full-TFET TD-CAM design, the search energy consumption can be further reduced with VDD scaling, providing a promising approach for energy-efficient machine learning.


The surface energy balance over Harbin, one of the major cities in severe cold regions of China, is examined during the snow‐covered and snow‐melt periods (January 11 to April 20, 2017) using radiation and eddy covariance measurements. Comparisons of radiation and energy fluxes from fresh snow, cold snow, melting snow, and snow‐free periods revealed that the presence of snow cover has a considerable impact on the radiation and energy balances. The daytime net radiation was mostly dissipated as sensible heat flux with a fraction of 43% during the fresh snow periods. During the cold snow periods, the daytime fraction of sensible heat flux decreased to 31% and most available energy was stored in the urban surfaces. During the melting snow periods, since the snowmelt process consumed a considerable portion of available energy, the daytime fraction of sensible heat flux decreased about 20% when compared to the cold snow periods, while the daytime fraction of latent heat flux increased about 50% due to the evaporation of melt water. After the snow melted, the ratio of daytime latent heat flux decreased because vegetation was not yet active during the snow‐free periods and the Bowen ratio increased from 2.3 (melting snow periods) to 5.9 (snow‐free periods).


This article presents a brief introduction of the functions and features of GE AV/DV full digital AC/DC drive. The drive system configuration and performance are described with a practical application electrical control system of in the bar rolling mill,Jiangxi Iron Steel Co.


This paper is the third installment in an ongoing acoustic phonetic research devoted to Central Minnesota English (CMNE). The first paper, Koffi (2013), was a general description of the acoustic vowel space of CMNE vowels. The second paper, Koffi (2014), examined CMNE vowels in relation to Northern Cities Shift (NCS). The present paper investigates the lowering of the vowels [ɪ] and [ʊ] in CMNE. These two vowels are traditionally classified as [+high, +lax]. However, in Central Minnesota, acoustic measurements have shown that these two vowels have lowered so much that it would be erroneous to classify them as such. Since [ɪ] and [ʊ] lowering has not been sufficiently discussed in the sociophonetics literature, we are wondering if it is an idiosyncratic feature of CMNE or if it is taking place in other dialects. To answer this question, the acoustic vowel space of CMNE is compared with five other dialects of English spoken in North America: General American English (GAE), Mid West English (MWE), the dialect of English spoken in some northern cities (NCS), Southern California English (SCE), and Standard Canadian English (SCAE). The main insight gained from this research is that [ɪ] and [ʊ] are lowering in all dialects, but that the process is far more advanced in CMNE than in all the dialects discussed in this paper. 1.0 Introduction The dialect of American English spoken in Central Minnesota is susceptible to influences from southern Minnesota, northern Minnesota, neighboring states and Canada. It may also be idiosyncratic to this region because of the immigrant populations who settled this part of Minnesota. The population of Central Minnesota is demographically fairly homogeneous. Over 94% of the current inhabitants are from European descent, many of whom are of German and/or Scandinavian ancestry (Koffi 2013:3). Regardless of whether CMNE is influenced by geographical or demographic factors, the vowels [ɪ] and [ʊ] produced by the speakers in this area behave in such a way that they deserve to be studied separately. 2.0 Data Analysis A total of 34 Central Minnesota speakers, 12 males and 22 females, participated in this study. During the times of the data collection, from 2005 to 2012, the participants were all enrolled in my undergraduate Laboratory Phonology or my graduate sociolinguistics courses at St. Cloud State University. The vowel data obtained from these courses are very large. They include acoustic measurements of L1 and L2 Englishes. However, for this study, the data that are used are those provided by students who identified themselves as having lived in Central Minnesota for the first 17 years of their lives. Labov et al. (2013:30, 39) consider age 17 to be the age when a talker's dialect is fully stabilized and unlikely to undergo big acoustic changes. The participants recorded themselves or were recorded saying the words <heed, hid, hayed, 1 Koffi: Lowering of High Lax Vowels Published by theRepository at St. Cloud State, 2016 Linguistic Portfolios – Volume 5, 2016 | 3 head, had, hod, hawed, hoed, hood, who'd, hud> three times. It is the same list that Peterson and Barney (1952) used in their seminal paper on the acoustics of American vowels. Some 40 years later, Hillenbrand et al. (1995) replicated their methodology to study Midwest vowels. The findings reported in this study are based on 1,122 vowel samples (34 x 11 x 3). The phonetic data were analyzed using PRAAT, Version 5.3.16, while the plotting was done through Norm, Version 1.1. Since the female participants are more numerous than their male counterparts, the vowel charts are based on female speech. However, in every table, male measurements are also provided. 2.1 Robustness of the F1 Correlate The focus of this paper is on vowel height. Consequently, the acoustic correlate that will receive the lion's share of attention is F1. Since this paper is intended for a general audience, it is important to explain briefly the role that F1 plays in the acoustic study of vowel production. First and foremost, F1 is interpreted according to the principle of inverse proportionality, that is, the smaller the F1 measurement, the higher the vowels. To put it slightly different, higher vowels have smaller F1 measurements, while lower vowels have bigger F1 measurements. Secondly, F1 is the most important of all the formants that make up vowels because it alone contains 80% of the acoustic energy found in vowels (Ladefoged and Johnson 2015:207). Lastly, if talkers from two different dialects produce the same vowel, and if the acoustic distance between their pronunciations of the same vowel is less than 20 Hz, it means that they produce it identically. This is so because human beings cannot perceive frequencies lower than 20 Hz. If the acoustic distance varies from 21 to 60 Hz, it means that the talkers produce the same vowel slightly differently. If the acoustic distance is ≥ 61 Hz, it means that they produce it substantially different. F2 corresponds to the horizontal movement of the tongue. Front vowels have higher F2 than back vowels. F2 plays some role in vowel intelligibility, but its overall impact on accent perception is not very significant. If speakers of different dialects produce the same vowel and the acoustic distance between them is ≤ 200 Hz, it means that they produce it identically (Koffi 2015). Most linguists do not include F3 information in acoustic vowel spaces because the role it plays, if any, is most of the time absorbed by F2. Now that the framework for interpreting the acoustic data to be used in this paper has been provided, let's see how [ɪ] and [ʊ] behave in CMNE. Thereafter, we will compare their behavior with that of their counterparts in five other dialects of English spoken in North America. 3.0 Central Minnesota English vs. General American English We start our investigation with the landmark study done by Peterson and Barney (1952) on General American English (GAE) vowels. It is a useful reference point not only because it is taken to represent the "standard" American vowel system (Ladefoged and Disner 2012:27), but they also note on page 43 that it represents an "old-fashioned dialect." Seventy-six people participated in Peterson and Barney's original study: 36 men, 28 women, and 15 children. Their methodology has been replicated to study vowels in many dialects and languages all over the world. My study of CMNE vowels follows their methodology. 1 The word <heard> is excluded from this study because [ɚ] is not a phoneme in English, but rather an allophone of various unstressed vowel phonemes that occur before [ɹ]. 2 Linguistic Portfolios, Vol. 5 [2016], Art. 2 http://repository.stcloudstate.edu/stcloud_ling/vol5/iss1/2 Linguistic Portfolios – Volume 5, 2016 | 4 Words fleece kit face dress trap lot thought goat foot goose strut Male [i] [ɪ] [e] [ɛ] [æ] [ɑ] [ɔ] [o] [ʊ] [u] [ʌ] GAE F1 270 390 NA 530 660 730 570 NA 440 300 640 GAE F2 2290 1990 NA 1840 1720 1090 840 NA 1020 870 1190 CMNE F1 289 542 434 577 709 753 699 600 516 485 616 CMNE F2 2298 1963 2185 1781 1737 1289 1296 1464 1467 1541 1365 Female [i] [ɪ] [e] [ɛ] [æ] [ɑ] [ɔ] [o] [ʊ] [u] [ʌ] GAE F1 310 430 NA 610 860 850 590 NA 470 370 500 GAE F2 2790 2480 NA 2330 2050 1220 920 NA 1160 950 1640 CMNE F1 385 573 508 754 848 855 851 569 626 417 743 CMNE F2 2609 2232 2487 2028 1951 1462 1420 1117 1519 1230 1643 Table 1: Central Minnesota vs. General American Vowels When the F1 and F2 formants of the vowels in Table 1 are plotted in the same acoustic vowel space, we obtain the following vowel quadrant: Figure 1: CMNE vs. GAE Vowels The vowel [ɪ] (573 Hz) in CMNE is lower than its counterpart in GAE (430 Hz) by 143 Hz. Similarly, [ʊ] (626 Hz) in CMNE is lower than the one in GAE (470 Hz) by 156 Hz. Figure 1 shows that [ɪ] and [ʊ] in CMNE are also lower than [e] and [o], which are traditionally classified as mid vowels (Fromkin et al. (2014:207). In other words, the vowels [ɪ] and [ʊ] 3 Koffi: Lowering of High Lax Vowels Published by theRepository at St. Cloud State, 2016 Linguistic Portfolios – Volume 5, 2016 | 5 produced in CMNE have lowered so much that they should no longer be viewed as high vowels. They should instead be classified as mid vowels. The drastic lowering of [ʊ] can lead to a masking between [ʊ] and [ʌ]. Small (2005:79) reports that in some parts of the Midwest, college students in his phonetics courses often confuse both vowels. Ladefoged and Disner (2012:31) write that "Some Northern English speakers do not distinguish between look and luck." The dialect of English spoken in the state of Minnesota as a whole qualifies as "Northern English" because Minnesota is the northernmost state of the US bordering Canada. I have conducted informal experiments in which I have asked some CMNE talkers to say, "I exchanged my buck for a book" or "Ladefoged gave a book and a buck to his friend." I have recorded them in Siri, in Google, and with Dragon Dictate. In a number of instances, these voice recognition systems fail to distinguish between [ʊ] and [ʌ] when the speaker talks naturally. The sentences become: "I exchanged my buck for a buck" or "I exchanged my book for a book" or "Ladefoged gave a book and a book to his friend," or "Ladefoged gave a buck and a buck to his friend." 4.0 Central Minnesota English vs. Midwest English Hillenbrand et al. (1995) replicated Peterson and Barney's study some 40 years later. They recruited 139 participants: 45 men, 48 women, and 46 children. Eighty-seven percent of the participants were from Michigan. Minnesotans were mentioned among the participants, but their number is not known. Other participants came from Illinois, Wisconsin, northern Ohio, and northern Indiana (p. 3099). The non-descript label of "Midwest English" (MWE) is often given to this assortment of dialects. Table 2 and Figure 2 help compare and contrast the MWE with CMNE: Words fleece kit face dress trap lot thought goat foot goose strut Male [i] [ɪ] [e] [ɛ] [æ] [ɑ] [ɔ


This paper deals with an experimental evaluation of bending fatigue strength for austempered ductile iron (ADI) spur gears. The module is 2.5 and the number of teeth is 26 in the test gears. The material of the test gears corresponds to Japan Industrial Standard (JIS) FCAD1100-15. Some gears are processed by one of two types of fine particle bombarding (FPB). The surface roughness is slightly increased by FPB. The obtained strengths are 623 MPa for the as-austempered gears, and 1011 and 1085 MPa for the gears after FPB. The strength is expressed by the fillet stress level, which is calculated by FEM. The strength of a gear with the same dimensions made of carburized SCr420H alloy steel is 1205 MPa, and the strength of the ADI gear is approximately half that of the carburized steel gear. The FPB process has a significant effect on the ADI gear, improving its strength by 62-74%.


N95 Mask. There is a scientific consensus that standard N95 / PFF2 filter masks prevent contamination by SARS-CoV-2. This type of mask is personal protective equipment (PPE), it does not have a contraindication, it can be used by any individual over 2 years of age, it is a product of free commercialization in any commercial establishment, that is, it is enough to appear at the place and buy. However, on March 3, 2020, WHO Director-General Dr. Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus recommended that N95 masks be reserved to protect health workers during the pandemic first. These facts lead to the following question: if WHO and governments had recommended that all 7 billion inhabitants should wear N95 / PFF2 masks concurrently, would we save lives? why wait for a vaccine to have massive immunity? As of December 20, 2020, more than 1,704,065 deaths registered worldwide by COVID-19, because they did not wear an N95 / PFF2 mask. The preprint observational study by infectologist Machado, Leandro revealed that 100% of South Koreans had fair access and use of KF94 masks (N95 / PFF2), since March 2020, there was direct intervention by the President of South Korea, Moon Jae-in, transforming the standard N95 mask as an official state product and for the public interest in saving lives. Therefore, the South Korean experience is proof that the use of standard N95 / PPF2 masks by 100% of the herd reduces the circulation of SARS-CoV-2 and eradicates excess mortality, however, there is a need for proactive action by governments. In this sense, the patent for PROTOCOL 95N adult and children is a KIT composed of PFF2 masks sufficient for 63 days of use, at a cost of USD 0.13 for 24 hours of protection. The novelty is the use of the patent 7-color herd epidemiological technology, in the KIT there is a N95 / PFF2 mask for each day of the week, sunday white, monday green, tuesday orange, wednesday blue, thursday red, friday yellow and Saturday purple, and each color can be used 9 times and then discarded. This methodology, saves public resources, makes the pandemic sympathetic, it is ecological, avoiding waste, and above all, it creates the psychological effect of reliable self-protection as equipment validated by science that is indisputably qualified as effective against the transmission of SARS-CoV-2. The KIT is supplied by the international alliance led by 95N CORPORATION, comprising a factory in the city of Santa-Fe-PR, Brazil and 74 Chinese and 3 South Korean industries, with a capacity of 80 million Kits per month, as detailed below.


A design scheme of automatic alignment platform for millimeter-wave antenna systems for the millimeter-wave relay communication equipments is creatively presented in combination with the characteristics of narrow lobe and strong directivity of millimeter-wave to improve the alignment accuracy and reduce the alignment time,and meet the requirements of rapid response.In the antenna alignment process,the complex space search is turned into simple horizontal and vertical search.It simplifies the search control algorithm.LPC2294 32-bit microprocessor based on ARM is adopted to perform the control.A stepper motor is employed to drive the platform and millimeter-wave equipments to achieve fast and accurate alignment.The alignment platform has a certain reference importance since the millimeter-wave relay communication equipment in China is still in the stage of development.


Spam Over Internet Telephony can become a serious threat within the close to the future due to the growing number of VOIP users. This paper proposes a model that uses the time duration (length) of calls between two users to differentiate normal callers and spam callers. Here, a process to notice spammers in VoIP is defined by classifying differences in the Call Graph. This is directed by using call data records weighted graph and it is created where the set of separating call parameters are used to define weights on the edges. In this Voice over Internet Protocol (VOIP) spam Detection, associate approach merging protocols and characteristics of callers have been bestowed. This system provides a straightforward and humble way to use call period as associate automatically selected model based on humanoid behavior.


7077 Background: Recommendations for baseline and quarterly measurement of the BCR-ABL fusion transcript to monitor imatinib response in patients with chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) were formally introduced in October 2006, and have been incorporated into nationally recognized treatment guidelines.

METHODS
To assess BCR-ABL testing rates, we conducted a retrospective cohort analysis using a >10 million-member health plan database comprised of integrated pharmacy and medical claims. The study cohort was defined as patients with an index imatinib pharmacy claim from July 1, 2006, to December 31, 2006, who had a CML diagnosis (ICD-9 205.1X; N = 504), and a minimum of 3 months continuous follow-up by claims history (N = 465). Over a period of up to four quarters from the index imatinib prescription date, BCR-ABL testing in each quarter was assessed by the presence of any of a set of 19 CPT-4 codes. BCR-ABL testing rates in each individual quarter and in consecutive quarters were measured.

RESULTS
The overall study cohort was 57% male; mean (±SD) age was 52±14 y/o, with 26% 19-44 y/o, 57% 45-64 y/o, and 15% ≥65 y/o. Median duration of f/u was 559 days (interquartile range 302-628 days), and a cohort of 359 patients had 4 quarters of f/u. At least one BCR-ABL test was recorded in 60% of patients. The rate of first quarter BCR-ABL testing was 40%, and remained at 42%-43% in quarters 2 thru 4. Consecutive quarterly testing rates were 24% through the second quarter, 18% through the third quarter, and 14% through the fourth quarter.

CONCLUSIONS
In this retrospective claims database analysis, only 14% of a large cohort of CML patients treated with imatinib had BCR-ABL testing recorded in each of 4 consecutive quarters. Inadequate compliance with recommended BCR-ABL testing can delay treatment decisions, and may be associated with poor clinical outcome. [Table: see text].


Bird species distributions in 151 woods (0.02-30 ha) in a lowland arable landscape in eastern England were investigated using logistic regression analysis. Of 31 species included in the study, only Marsh Tit Parus palustris, Nightingale Luscinia megarhynchos and Chiffchaff Phylloscopus collybita failed to breed in woods of <0.5 ha. For many woodland species, the probability of breeding was positively related to woodland area and other variables decribing the woods themselves. For other species, including Blackbird Turdus merula and Sparrowhawk Accipiter nisus, woodland perimeter, rather than area, was significant. Variables describing the landscape surrounding the woods were important for both woodland species and those more typical of open country. The length of hedgerow in the surrounding landscape was positively related to the breeding presence in particular woods of Long-tailed Tit Aegithalos caudatus, Robin Erithacus rubecula, Bullfinch Pyrrhula pyrrhula, Garden Warbler Sylvia borin and Blackcap Sylvia atricapilla, and the area of surrounding woodland was important for Long-tailed Tit, Great-spotted Woodpecker Dendrocopos major and Chaffinch Fringilla coelebs. The presence of Treecreeper Certhia familiaris was negatively related to the distance to the nearest wood, whereas that of Tree Sparrow Passer montanus was negatively related to the amount of woodland in the surrounding landscape. Thus species breeding distributions were influenced by factors associated with the wider landscape, on a scale larger than that of their immediate habitats.


Clinicians should always consider rare, atypical, and opportunistic infections in patients undergoing long‐term systemic corticosteroid therapy. Diagnosis needs further evaluations and special consideration.


Corporate Governance deals with the principles such as to satisfy the power of law and maintain high degree of disclosures. Corporate governance essentially involves balancing the interests of the many stakeholders in a company. Corporate governance became a pressing issue following the 2002 introduction of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act in the U.S., which was ushered in order to restore public confidence in companies and markets after accounting fraud bankrupted high-profile companies such as Enron and WorldCom. The purpose of this research paper is to study the importance of corporate governance in the new era of modernisation. In recent times, the companies moving towards the international business for expand their business at world level. So there is need of corporate governance which helps a lot to the companies for building their good image in the eyes of world.


Nowadays is it widely believed that a high level of central bank independence (CBI) coupled with some explicit mandate for the bank to restrain inflation are important institutional devices to assure price stability. One potential objection towards a completely independent central bank is lack of accountability. Elgie has argued, however, that the recent moves towards central bank independence in the UK and France have not challenged the basic foundations of political accountability. In this comment, we argue that this conclusion is not warranted as it is based on a very narrow interpretation of the concept of democratic accountability. It is thought that an independent central bank can give full priority to low levels of inflation, whereas in countries with a more dependent central bank other considerations (notably, re-election perspectives of politicians and a low level of unemployment) may interfere with the objective of price stability. In other words, CBI makes a monetary policy directed towards low levels of inflation more credible. Indeed, there is some evidence for a negative relationship between central bank independence and inflation. Popular as this view may be, the concept of central bank independence always had its critics. One of the main issues is the problem of accountability: CBI reduces the credibility problem at the cost of placing monetary policy in the hands of non-elected officials. The remainder of our discussion is structured as follows. First, we offer our definition of democratic accountability and contrast it with that of Elgie. Second, we provide a quantification of our concept for the UK and France, both before and after the recent changes of their central bank laws. Combining this information with Elgie's index of CBI, we conclude that both central banks have become more independent. However, whereas the accountability of the Bank of England has been substantially improved, the accountability of the Banque de France is substantially less than before the reform. Moreover, contrary to Elgie, we come to the conclusion that the


Introduction: Multiple
intraarticular loose bodies are pathognomonic for the Synovial chondromatosis.
This disorder affects a wide age range from adults to childhood with no sex dominance. Malignant
transformation is rare to date, and
there are approximately 34
cases in literature about the transformation of synovial chondromatosis to chondrosarcoma. Case: We present case of a 27-year-old
patient who had synovial chondromatosis in his elbow. Discussion: Radiographic findings are usually
pathognomonic for the diagnosis. Multiple calcified loose bodies can be seen in
the joint in radiographs. Computed tomography (CT) optimally depicts the
calcified intraarticular fragments and extrinsic bone erosion. However, because
the radioopacity cannot be detected in 1/3 of the cases, diagnosis becomes difficult. Treatment modalities include
arthroscopic or open extraction of the loose bodies and arthropasty in the
presence of severe osteoarthritis. Conclusion: Synovial chondromatosis
should be kept in the differential dignosis of the chronic monoarticular pain and painful
limitations of the range of motions of the joints.


This paper mainly introduced an example of debugging method for HPI Bootloading using CCS5000 and Host Communications in EEG data acquisition system, which based on HPI interface technology research for DSP5402 chip, also discussed the hardware design and the debugging method of the other modules.


Research on viewpoint in 3D scenes has been a cutting-edge subject in computer vision and 3D scene understanding. Calculating a high quality 3D viewpoint in virtual scenes is conducive to a more comprehensive analysis of 3D graphic structure, which can contribute to an overall understanding of virtual environments. 3D viewpoint research can also be applied to the analysis of structural relationships in virtual scenes and to exploit hidden hierarchical structures, thus it plays a role in fields such as scientific visualization computing or image-based scene modeling. Viewpoint research combined with relevant research results of human visual perception or visual psychology can be used to analyze the visual interest and focus areas of 3D objects in human vision, thus effectively improving the quality of mesh simplification and rendering efficiency, as well as providing an optimization basis for highly complex scenes. In fields such as 3D computer games, virtual reality, and landscape animation, research on high-quality viewpoints can be adopted to optimize global lighting and illumination. Additionally, practical applications can be realized through user attention analysis and aesthetic improvement strategies based on high-quality viewpoints, such as intelligent modeling and scene optimization calculations. In common fields such as 3D model retrieval, practical applications can be realized for saliency research, scientific visualization computing, and medical 3D imaging. In-depth research has been performed and extensive applications have been developed that make use of viewpoint analysis. In this paper, we introduce an optimization strategy to calculate high-quality virtual viewpoints for aesthetic images. A novel framework is proposed for modifying and optimizing the viewpoint calculation model by combining a multibranch CNN and a viewpoint correction method, thus realizing rendered images with a higher aesthetic quality. By attempting to fully integrate the visual perception with the geometric information calculation, we expect this method to achieve more comprehensive applications in many practice areas in the future, such as the realization of aesthetically based virtual camera path planning and analysis of the aesthetic characteristics of virtual environments.


There are two types of leprosy reactions: reversal reactions or type 1 and erythema nodosum leprosum or type 2. Deformity and disability associated with leprosy are frequently the result of uncontrolled or untreated reactions. Although there is current availability of glucocorticoids as the mainstay of therapy, much needs to be learned about the etiology, risk factors, and pathogenesis of leprosy reactions. There is some evidence that leprosy reactions may represent, particularly, erythema nodosum leprosum autoinflammatory disease due to the aberrant activation of the innate immune system. The role for herpesviruses influencing autophagy in macrophages needs to be evaluated in the pathogenesis of leprosy reactions.


How to define illeagal evidence, how to construct elimination rules of illegal evidence, these two problems are very complicated and under great discussion. But thier perfection is very important to litigation legislation, justice practice and justice justness.


Japanese scallop Patinopecten yessoensis is a Pacific Asian low-boreal species of commercial value. It originally distributes along the northern coastline of the Korean peninsula, the coastline of Primorye, near the shores of the Sakhalin islands, South Kuriles and Hokkaido and on the northern coastline of Honshu Island. In the early 1980s it was introduced to China Sea for mariculture. Because of the commercial importance, it has become the important cultured species in Changshan islands of Liaoning province and Chang islands of Shandong province in recent years. In this paper, the lethal effects of suspended solids on Japanese scallop were studied to define the optimum environmental conditions in spite of the water temperature and salinity. The results showed that high contents of suspended solids could cause the mortalities of Japanese scallop while it was exposed for a long time. The suspended solids condition should be concerned when the selecting mariculture areas for this species, and the disposal of dredged materials should be strictly controlled in the culture areas.


The brown type donkeys of Andhra Pradesh, which are mainly concentrated in Kurnool and Anathapur districts, were evaluated for within breed genetic diversity and bottlenecks using heterologous microsatellite markers. The genomic DNA, isolated from 28 blood samples collected from Kurnool district, were amplified by PCR using FAM and HEX labeled primers and resolved for alleles on automatic DNA sequencer. In all, twenty loci of the horse origin were tested and only 12 loci gave scorable results. Rest of the loci either did not amplify (HMS3 and HMS7) or did not resolve properly (VHL20) or showed less than 4 alleles (HMS5, HMS6, HTG4, ASB17 and COR22) in the studied population. At the 12 loci included in the final analysis, the PCR product size range varied from 76-92 bp at locus HTG6 to 257-273 bp at locus COR18. The observed number of alleles varied from 4 (VHL209) to 10 (AHT5 and HTG7) with a mean of 6.92±1.83. The effective number of alleles ranged from 1.62 (VHL209) to 7.91 (AHT5) with a mean of 4.21±2.06. The observed heterozygosity ranged from 0.32 (HMS2) to 0.92 (AHT5) with a mean of 0.57±0.2. The expected heterozygosity ranged between 0.39 (VHL209) to 0.89 (AHT5 and HTG7) with a mean of 0.72±0.14. The mean genetic diversity estimate (FIS) was 0.21 indicating moderately high levels of inbreeding. The cumulative exclusion probability (PE) of these loci was 0.999892 indicating their suitability for parentage testing in these donkeys. The sign test, standardized differences test, the Wilcoxon test using the allelic frequency data at the studied loci as well as normal 'L' shaped distribution of the allelic frequency indicated the absence of any recent genetic bottleneck in Brown type donkeys of Andhra Pradesh. When these donkeys were compared to Spiti donkeys of Himachal Pradesh on the basis of allelic frequency data at these loci, they showed Nei's standard and unbiased genetic distances of 0.32 and 0.29, respectively.


The semi-permeability of biological membranes is illustrated using ovolecithin liposomes as convenient models; the goal is to incorporate within the liposomes a chromogenic system that is sensitive to the presence of H2O2 and hence its passage across the liposomal bilayer membrane from the extraneous medium.


The information below brings up to date the original article by Steward (1985) on ^Geology at Stoke-on-Trent Museum and Art Gallery' (Geol. Cur. 4, 29-42).


The invention relates to a power milling head of a milling bore long key-groove, which has an extension arm, a flange and a motor are arranged at one side of the extension arm of the power milling head, a support and a milling cutter are arranged at opposite side. The extension arm is conveniently arranged on a travelling machine tool, the motor provides power to the milling cutter, powder is transmitted to the milling cutter through one set of sprocket wheel in the extension arm, a set of support is respectively arranged at two sides of the milling cutter, and each support is composed of support arms with three different direction on same circumference. The support arms have two structural forms, one structure is composed of an adjusting screw, a locking screw, a rolling ball, and a ball gland, and the other structure is composed of the adjusting screw, the locking screw, a bearing bearer and a bearing. While in use, the bore for supporting the workpiece can be adjusted according to the feeding position of the milling cutter, the rolling ball or the bearing are arranged on the support, so that synchronization travelling of support and the milling cutter can be carried out in workpiece bore. The support can be adjusted while each time of feeding until the key-groove processing is complete.


Inferring dynamic behavior of the heart from its image sequences is a very important research area in biomedical engineering. It provides an invaluable tool for noninvasive evaluation of myocardial functions. This paper presents estimation algorithms for the analysis of heart motion and deformation over a cardiac cycle, as well as the visualization techniques for the animation of moving heart evolution. The first part of the paper is devoted to the analysis of the heart motion and deformation. The research is based on the general belief that the human heart undergoes both global motion and local deformation, and is conducted on the angiographic data of the heart. The authors identify the global motion as the relative position and orientation change of the heart as a whole and estimate the motion parameters from the 3- D data of the bifurcation points. They also develop a recursive algorithm for estimating global motion and object shape in order to combat the biased distribution of the bifurcation points. Upon compensation for the global motion, a tensor analysis based approach is introduced to parameterize the deformation of localized region. The estimated stretch tensors give the directions and magnitudes of extreme deformation for each localized region. In the second part of the paper, several visualization techniques are presented to vividly examine the spatial and time varying nature of the heart. Animations of global motion compensation and local deformation evolution are generated using the original data and estimation results. Display showing the heart in slow motion is created by interpolating original and estimated data between image frames. Visualization operations such as camera and lighting manipulation, polygon outlining, color coding, and so on are applied to the data to reveal the complex nature of the beating heart.


The accurate understanding of the behavior and analysis of the structures is necessary to appropriate design of them. Over the past decades, various methods have been proposed for the analysis of structures that each of them include some deficiencies. The peridynamic is a new method for solving the problems. This method overcomes the deficiencies and limitations of conventional methods such as the finite element method due to its unique capabilities. Nowadays, it uses as a powerful method to solve problems. After the proposition of peridynamic theory in 2000, various problems have been solved. However, very limited work has been done in the solving longitudinal vibration of axial members and modeling of lattice structures. In this paper, the behavior of this type of members was examined by the peridynamics method and its capability to take into account the static and dynamic loading, as well as temperature variations, was shown using Fortran and MATLAB softwares. The peridynamic results are in good agreement with analytical results. Also, for certain states of the problem, it is impossible or difficult to find an answer by analytical methods or other methods, while using the peridynamic method can easily be answered. Finally, the peridynamic model has been extended to truss modeling and the ability of this method to analyze any types of trusses were shown.


The Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (MEPS) has been conducted on an annual basis since 1996 by the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ). MEPS is a complex national probability survey of the civilian noninstitutionalized population. Each new panel of sample households is drawn as a sub-sample of respondents to the prior year's National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) sponsored by the National Center for Health Statistics (Ezzati-Rice et. al.). Due to the combined effects of stratification, clustering and unequal weighting, estimates from complex national surveys like MEPS and NHIS are generally subject to increased variance relative to what would have been obtained under a simple random sample design (Korn and Graubard).


als. In so doing, however, the Commission has not decided that there is no such thing as state criminal responsibility. Indeed, article 19 of the Draft Articles on State Responsibility, which has been tentatively adopted by the Commission, encompasses that very concept. The issue of the scope rationae personae obviously raises other questions. First, is a code most efficacious if addressed to individuals, to states or to both? Second, if states are to be the subjects of a code, how will they be tried, before what kind of forum and, perhaps most problematically, how will they be punished? Third, should universal jurisdiction be the rule or is some other means of implementation or enforcement more desirable and practicable? Finally, concerning the second major issue, the question of an international criminal court: Can there be a code without a court? Is it realistic to expect that the drafting of a code of offenses without the simultaneous creation of a mechanism of implementation will advance the goal of achieving the peace and security of mankind materially? The International Law Commission tossed this question back to the General Assembly in 1983, but the Assembly did not answer it. Instead, it simply told the Commission to proceed with its work on the draft code, and that is where things stand today.


Paratylenchus labiosus n.sp., a bisexual plant parasitic nematode from Prince Edward Island, is described and illustrated. Females have short stylets 15 to 17 μm long and concave–conoid heads with large, rounded submedian dorsal and ventral lips which readily separate this species from most paratylenchids. The spermatheca is well developed and usually filled with sperm. Males were present in a ratio of 1:2 females. They lacked a stylet and their distinctively conoid heads and delineated lips are the main diagnostic characters that identify the males of this species. A bisexual species from Saskatchewan and Alberta is compared and judged to be identical with P. labiosus n.sp.


BaTiO3 nanoparticles were successfully synthesized by a new coconut water-based sol–gel method using Ba(CH3COO)2 and TiCl3 as the starting salts. The influence of the amount of coconut water and calcination conditions on the barium titanate crystallization was investigated. The resulting nanoparticles were characterized by thermogravimetric and differential thermal analysis, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and Raman and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopies. The ferroelectric tetragonal single phase of BaTiO3 was obtained in samples prepared with a ratio of coconut water volume (mL)/BaTiO3 mass (g) of 25 : 2 and 30 : 2, calcined at 1100°C, which was confirmed by XRD measurements. Crystallites with an average size of about 31 nm for both samples were obtained, and microscopy images revealed the presence of particles in the range of 40 to 60 nm. Raman and FTIR spectra confirmed the dominant tetragonal phase of BaTiO3, meanwhile traces of BaCO3 were identified in FTIR spectra.


Language learning is the biggest challenge for students with dyslexia. Therefore, special education teachers play a pivotal role in assisting students with dyslexia to mitigate any difficulties in their language learning process. This study explored the perception of special education teachers in terms of their experience, challenges faced, and strategies adopted to assist students with dyslexia in the learning process. A semi-structured interview session was conducted with three participants from three primary schools under the Special Education Integration Program (SEIP) Dyslexia Program. The findings indicated that it was challenging for special education teachers to teach students with dyslexia because they lacked the effective teaching methods and resources. Based on their teaching experiences, students with dyslexia encountered difficulties in phoneme-grapheme associations, sound blending, and segmentation. Additionally, the participants perceive that the adoption of a multisensory approach and the utilisation of mobile learning applications are two effective strategies to improve the teaching of language to students with dyslexia. Lastly, this study provided vital findings to be used as research materials by other like-minded researchers in the future.


Abstract A natural haemagglutinin against rabbit erythrocytes has been purified from sera of Clarias batrachus, an Indian fresh water catfish, using ammonium sulphate fractionation followed by Sephadex G-200 chromatography and high performance liquid chromatography. The haemagglutinin has a molecular weight of about 200 kDa is composed of two subunits having molecular weights of 64 and 68 kDa. Thus presumably it has three chains bound by non-covalent bonds. The number of binding sites for this haemagglutinin on a single rabbit erythrocyte is 3·46 × 106. This binding is a spontaneous reaction (KA = 2·80 × 107 l mol-1; ΔF= -1·0515 × 104 kcal mol-1).


Piscine orthoreovirus -1 (PRV-1) causes the disease heart and skeletal muscle inflammation (HSMI) in farmed Atlantic salmon, and the virus has been detected in wild anadromous Atlantic salmon and brown trout. However, the infection prevalence, viral kinetics, and disease severity in different life stages of Atlantic salmon and brown trout are unknown. The current study aimed to evaluate and compare susceptibility to PRV-1 infection and development of HSMI in different life stages of anadromous Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) and brown trout (Salmo trutta). We challenged Atlantic salmon and brown trout fry, parr, and post-smolts with PRV-1 by bath, cohabitation, or IP injection. The kinetics of viral infection and disease development were evaluated by RT-qPCR, in situ hybridization, and histology. Our results indicated that PRV-1 infection prevalence and viral kinetics depend on the developmental stage and challenge method in both Atlantic salmon and brown trout. All developmental stages of Atlantic salmon and brown trout can be infected with PRV-1. However, brown trout showed a lower infection prevalence, with positive cases exhibiting only mild infections without any pathological changes in the target organs, while all life stages of Atlantic salmon developed heart lesions characteristic of HSMI. These results strongly suggest that brown trout are less susceptible to PRV-1 infection than Atlantic salmon and further confirm the species-specific susceptibility and disease development for PRV-1 infection.


tious terminology, this study convincingly demonstrates that a simple, often colloquial, writing style offers the best medium for discussing the most complex of concepts in a fruitful manner. But what of the book's whole? We discern four major points. First, the study aptly shows that the meanings of modern political values such as equality, fairness, and excellence—and the relationships among them—are not fixed but contingent and path dependent. Indeed, they exhibit "indispensable fictions" that are profoundly conventional and controversial and that get settled in ever new ways. Second, the book demonstrates that political norms always involve struggles and competition in civil society. Here is the locus in which ideals such as equality of opportunity emerge, become contested, and are (re)defined. While, as LaVaque-Manty argues, a stable democratic state makes it easier to raise claims to political and human dignity than a weak or undemocratic one, it can never make people autonomous and stipulate their respect-worthiness; this requires human agency. Third, the study informs us that we must pay attention to the scope of constraints set by "nature." It is clear that natural constraints exist, but their exact nature remains forever part of political controversy (gender struggles being a case in point). There certainly exists no neutral boundary between the natural and the human side of sports. Fourth, the author does suggest that modernity's cherished, yet often conflicting, ideals of equality and excellence can coexist. They are not zero sum but can be mutually reinforcing. Excellence in sports and elsewhere is necessarily positional, as competition and difference are part of its constitutive norm. But equality also furnishes one of the most compelling preconditions of excellence. All good and fine—but is this all there is to the fascinating arguments that this book displays? We find it simpatico not to be bombarded by prefabricated omniscience, and we agree that it is not the role of the contemporary political theorist to act as a philosopher king. Abstaining from thick normative prescriptions is a good thing. LaVaque-Manty deserves much praise for relativizing our modern concepts and ideals without being a political relativist. Yet precisely because of the book's overall quality, we were a bit disappointed by its circumspection about getting at least some normative clarity as to where the author stands on some of these important issues. For example, we detect LaVaque-Manty's faint melancholic praise for the idea of "honor," which in our contemporary world no longer has much cachet as a political ideal. But he never delineates with his otherwise impeccable clarity what exactly honor—or any of the other qualities highlighted in this book—means to him (and should mean to us) in the here and now. Likewise, he states that women's excellence as athletes shows that "emasculation" does not entail any "dumbing down" of quality and competition, and that some laments about such are deeply problematic. But he fails to draw further consequences from these insights. Also, he finds claims that ignore the inherently competitive nature of sports "politically unfortunate." However, we would like to learn what the author values about meritocracy. True enough, things are contingent, much in flux, and we appreciate any scholar's normative modesty. Yet precisely because we find LaVaque-Manty such an insightful thinker, we would have appreciated reading his views on these matters with a bit more boldness. In a way, he is aiming too low: In light of the exciting material presented, we view the cautious goal to "better understand our own values" somewhat dissatisfying. The work's strength also constitutes its weakness. Still, this is a rich book. LaVaque-Manty takes the study of sports from the margins to the center of political theory. His work initiates a new dialogue about the tensions of modern democracy's ideals. He thereby moves the way we think about politics literally into different public arenas.


This paper argues that a nominal appreciation of renminbi should be eschewed because of China's existing trade structure, financial fragility and macroeconomic imbalance. Instead, the renminbi's valuation issue can be dealt with effectively using a structural and macroeconomic approach by first reducing distortionary export subsidies and gradually removing excessive fiscal incentives granted to FDI-founded firms in the short term. In the medium term, the renminbi's valuation issue can be addressed via reflation: expansionary fiscal policy with a focus on rural infrastructure investment accommodated by supportive monetary policy. Finally, the paper emphasizes that such investment has to be incentive compatible by involving local government and private initiatives aided by the development of China's local government or municipal bond market.


Haplotypes defined by amino acids at HLA-DRB1 positions 11, 71 and 74 associated with susceptibility to rheumatoid arthritis (RA), are associated with radiological outcome, anti-TNF response and all cause-mortality in RA.(1, 2) RA is associated with cardiovascular (CV) morbidity and mortality, but the increased prevalence of risk factors of CV disease in RA only partially explains this association.The aim was to investigate whether haplotypes associated with RA disease susceptibility and disease severity are also associated with CV mortality.The Norfolk Arthritis register (NOAR) is a primary care-based inception cohort of patients with inflammatory polyarthritis (IP).(1, 2) NOAR patients with at least 2 years of follow-up and available mortality and genetic data were included in this study. Mortality data was provided by the Office for National Statistics.Univariate Cox proportional hazard models were applied using STATA/IC 14.0. Models for CV mortality were adjusted for CV risk factors selected using stepwise regression: namely obesity, gender and hypertension. Hazard models were applied to the entire cohort of patients with inflammatory polyarthritis (IP). When calculating differences between highest and lowest risk genetic factors, bivariate analysis was used.HLA-DRB1 amino acids, haplotypes or haplotype groups associated with RA susceptibility are also associated with CV mortality as shown in the table 1. HLA-DRB1 polymorphisms encoding amino-acid haplotypes associated with an increased or decreased susceptibility to RA consistently show the same magnitude and direction of association for overall and CV mortality in IP. For example, the SEA-haplotype, associated with the lowest susceptibility to RA, and the best radiographic outcome, was found to be associated with decreased CV mortality (HR 0.67, 95% CI 0.47, 0.91, p=0.023). The relative difference in CV mortality between carriers of the high susceptibility VKA haplotype and carriers of the SEA haplotype was significant (HR 1.67, 95% CI 1.13, 2.48, p=0.01).Table 1.Hazard ratios for CV mortality by genetic factors among patients with IP. Total number (n) of deaths are also displayed alongside the total number (n) of patients included in each analysis.Amino acid / Haplotype /GroupHazard Ratio (95% CI)Nvaline 111.10 (0.93, 1.30)343 (2514)serine 110.82 (0.70, 0.96)*343 (2514)Difference1.23 (1.01, 1.49)*VKA haplotype1.16 (0.94, 1.43)310 (2328)SEA haplotype0.67 (0.47, 0.94) *310 (2328)Difference1.67 (1.13, 2.48)*Group 1 †1.10 (0.93, 1.31)319 (2328)Group 4 †0.73 (0.60, 0.89)*319 (2328)Difference1.37 (1.09, 1.72)** p<0.05†Haplotype groups as defined previously (2)HLA-DRB1 haplotypes can be ranked according to the magnitude of their association with RA susceptibility and this hierarchy is conserved for various measures of disease outcome and overall mortality.(2, 3) The figure 1 shows that this risk hierarchy is also conserved for CV mortality: HLA-DRB1 haplotypes that predispose to RA also predispose to increased CV mortality, independent of known CV risk factors.Figure 1.Haplotypes with frequency >12% in NOAR are shown. X axis: susceptibility to ACPA-positive RA as ORs.(2) Y axis: CV mortality risk in IP as HRs, derived from multi-variate cox-proportional hazard models adjusted for CV risk factors. Values are on a logarithmic scale. A one-tailed p value was calculated using linear regression to determine the association between β coefficients of susceptibility and CV mortality.The originally reported genetic associations between HLA-DRB1 polymorphisms and overall mortality were likely driven by associations with CV mortality.[1]S. Viatte et al., JAMA313, 1645-1656 (2015).[2]S. Raychaudhuri et al., Nat Genet44, 291-296 (2012).[3]D. P. Symmons, A. J. Silman, Clin Exp Rheumatol21, S94-99 (2003).None declared


publish more on the subject and, by way of immediate response, this seems a suitable place to try to restore one stray item to the record. In an article in the Journal Asiatique for 1896 (vrti, 331—45), under the not unpromising title ' Le cachet du sultan mogol Oldjaitu Khodabandeh ', N. Siouffi published a damaged decree of Oljeitu dated A.H. 713. It was, and until Dr. Herrmann's book appears, still is, the earliest published original decree of a ruler of Persia in Persian but appears to have been entirely overlooked by students of Persian documents, one of those curious cases in which publication in a respectable journal turns out to be a most effective kind of oubliette.


This paper proposes a reduced complexity equalizer for the Enhanced Data rate for Global Evolution (EDGE). The complexity of this equalizer has been lowered to fit into digital signal processors (DSP) computation power of the ST Microelectronics STW51000 platform. A combination of reduced complexity methods usually not combined, to avoid low BER performance issues, has been done in this study. Computer simulations with channel coding show the conformance with 3GPP specifications of the proposed equalizer


Enhancing liquid hydrocarbons selectivity and simultaneously suppressing CO2 formation are highly desirable yet challenges in iron-based Fischer-Tropsch synthesis. Herein, we report an in-situ oxidation method for the fabrication of a...


Increased communication in today's life increased the needs of technological communication. With some restriction of wired communication wireless technology comes into the picture. The emphasis in this paper is concentrated on Mobile Ad-Hoc Networks. They can be set up anywhere without any need for external infrastructure (like wires or base stations). This can be a standard Wi-Fi connection, or another medium, such as a cellular or satellite transmission (1).So we can say that A "mobile ad hoc network" (MANET) is an autonomous collection of mobile users that communicate over relatively bandwidth constrained wireless links (2). This paper includes working of some Proactive, Reactive and Hybrid protocols that make communication possible it also includes its advantages, limitations and applications of MANET. Protocols discussed in this paper are DSR, AODV, TORA, FSR, ZRP, WPR etc.


During shakedown operations for the HGP-A generator plant sampling and analytical problems were encountered during the process chemistry monitoring effort. Acid-preservation of brine for cation analysis required the use of nitrous oxideacetylene flame for accurate A-A analysis of calcium. Analysis of gases for carbonate and sulfide was by specific ion electrode and alkalinity titration, respectively. Sulfide caused substantial interferences with the alkalinity method and corrections for sulfide were required. Sulfide also interfered with chloride analyses in the steam phase requiring removal of the sulfide by boiling. Analysis of dissolved silica in the brine was complicated by the presence of colloidal silica which produced erratic analytical results. An accurate evaluation of the hydrogen sulfide abatement system was possible only when the hydrogen sulfide concentrations in the treated and untreated steam were compared with a second component in the steam phase that was unaffected by caustic injection.


On a night of the full moon in November 1987, at the beginning of the Spirit Dancing Season, an important historical event took place. At an ancient Indian burial ground, located in Seattle, Washington, Jewell Praying Wolf James, a Lummi Indian, read from a document produced by several local churches in the community. It was a public declaration, today known as the "Bishops' Apology." The document apologized to Indian people for the signatory churches' long standing participation in the destruction of traditional Indian ceremonies and for not coming to the aid of Native Americans when they were victimized by unfair federal policies and practices. The churches pleaded for forgiveness. The Apology was reaffirmed a year later in a ceremony of Natives and non-Natives, Christians and non-Christians. Since its creation the Apology has been translated into other languages, read at tribal gatherings, distributed to Native Brazilians in the Amazon jungle and to the Kwanyama Aboriginal Council in Australia, and supported by a national ecumenical church body. The Bishops' Apology emerged from the Church Council of Greater Seattle. The Council is a broad-based ecumenical organization of Catholics and Protestants, representing twenty denominations and more than 300 congregations. It has sponsored more than thirty task forces, including the Native American Task Force. An ally of Native peoples in the Pacific Northwest since the "fish-ins" in the late 1960s and early 1970s, the Council's Task Force is a group of church-related Indians and non-Indians who work to "affirm Native people's historical and contemporary contributions to American society; defend Indian treaty rights and advocate for Native American issues; support Native Americans' efforts to protect traditional religious practices; sensitize non-Natives regarding Native American issues; foster mutual respect between Indians and non-Indians; and stimulate and encourage worthwhile projects of mutual benefit to both Native and non-Native communities" (Church Council). The Council's carefully drafted Bishop's Apology is one of its many accomplishments. Since the Apology the Council has sustained its membership and continues to work successfully on Native issues. My interest in Native Americans and Christianity came from this newly created relationship between churches and Native people. I was intrigued by the fact that the Christian churches which nearly destroyed Native cultures began to support and acknowledge the importance of Native lives and cultures. After the Apology, I began to wonder about the extent of the amicable experiences between Native people and Christianity. Hence, this study became a personal journey for me and an examination of the meeting places of Christianity and Native life, and an evaluation of points of strength rather than of weakness. In Native Christian writings, and through the lens of postcoloniality, Christianity is presented as a means to survival and as a vehicle of adaptation, reflecting considered choices which do not necessarily imply rejection of Native spirituality or "Indianness." Prior to contact Native people had their own cultural and religious systems that sustained their physical and spiritual well-being for centuries. However, with the arrival of European colonizers came the suppression and prohibition of traditional Native religious practices. In an attempt to "civilize" the Indians the colonizers sought to undermine traditional ways of worship. Europeans challenged the authority of religious leaders and banned Native worship, penalizing and/or jailing those who continued their traditional ways (Axtell 227-29). Religious organizations agreed "that instruction in Christianity was fundamental in the education of Indian youth. To fit Indians for citizenship in a Christian Nation, it was imperative that religious training precede or parallel the industrial and literary learning that was intended to prepare pupils of the tribes for full participation in white American Society" (Churches 161). …


For autonomous vehicles, obstacle detection results using 3D lidar are in the form of point clouds, and are unevenly distributed in space. Clustering is a common means for point cloud processing; however, improper selection of clustering thresholds can lead to under-segmentation or over-segmentation of point clouds, resulting in false detection or missed detection of obstacles. In order to solve these problems, a new obstacle detection method was required. Firstly, we applied a distance-based filter and a ground segmentation algorithm, to pre-process the original 3D point cloud. Secondly, we proposed an adaptive neighborhood search radius clustering algorithm, based on the analysis of the relationship between the clustering radius and point cloud spatial distribution, adopting the point cloud pitch angle and the horizontal angle resolution of the lidar, to determine the clustering threshold. Finally, an autonomous vehicle platform and the offline autonomous driving KITTI dataset were used to conduct multi-scene comparative experiments between the proposed method and a Euclidean clustering method. The multi-scene real vehicle experimental results showed that our method improved clustering accuracy by 6.94%, and the KITTI dataset experimental results showed that the F1 score increased by 0.0629.


The author of this paper hopes that Guo Xiliang,who compiled Ancient Chinese,can keep on improving the course-book until it becomes perfect.Motivated by this expectation,the paper discusses some problems of this textbook in five aspects so that the compiler may refer to it while revising the textbook in the future.


This invention relates to an oil filter paper, especially an aviation oil filter paper with high filter precision and capacity to hold dirt up. It comprises a dirt-holding layer made of wood pulp and glass fibre, or wood pulp, cotton pulp and synthetic fibre, a fine filter layer of ceramic fibre or glass fibre, and a protective layer of cellulose fibril.


We investigate the entanglement protection of a hybrid qubit–qutrit system under amplitude damping decoherence by employing weak measurement and reversal. We examine two typical families of initially entangled qubit–qutrit states (i.e. one-parameter and two-parameter qubit–qutrit states). We find that the qubit–qutrit entanglement decays monotonically as the decoherence strength increases, and may go through a sudden death for some initial states. However, we can completely defeat amplitude damping decoherence and recover the initial entanglement perfectly for any initial states by means of the combination of prior weak measurement and subsequent optimal weak measurement reversal. The only price that we have to pay is the very low success probability.


pH in aqueous solutions is one of the most frequent parameter that is measured in analisys laboratories. It is relatively simple, cheap, robust and for its determination is generally used a potentiometric method with glass pH-electrode, which must be calibrated with Certified Reference Material-CRM, and preferably not with dissolutions prepared in situ by laboratories. The assignment of pH value to these CRM, requires a measurement method of high metrological hierarchy such as the primary pH-measurement system. This system allows to ensure direct traceability to the international system of units-SI. The certification of these materials is done by national metrology institutes-NMI and their validity is accepted worldwide. In this way, it is necessary that analytical laboratory have access to CRM, in order to ensure the quality of its measurement results.


A long-term conservation project has identified nest depredation as a major risk for the survival of the only native, reproducing population of the threatened European Pond Turtle in Austria in the Donau-Auen National Park floodplain. Thus, in 2005–2016, we utilized five designs of nest protection grids (NPGs) at the key nesting locations. Generally, NPG designs are flat 30–50 cm metal square grids with mesh size of 3 cm, attached to the ground by metal pegs. The designs, beyond their anti-predator role, had to allow mowing over them for habitat maintenance, and remain inconspicuous to visitors. NPGs were placed upon 787 nests, allowing ca. 4,500 turtles to hatch and emerge successfully. Different NPG designs provided different levels of protection, which also changed with duration of continuous use; the improvements of the NPG designs overall increased their effectiveness against native mammalian predators. However, the introduced but still rare Raccoon might be unimpeded (or undeterred). Depredation rates on protected nests did not correlate significantly with the abundance of the Red Fox (Spearman R = -0.43, p = 0.22, n = 10) and the European Badger (R = 0.47, p = 0.17, n = 10). Learning and individual experience of predators likely have stronger influence than mere abundance. We suggest that the long-term use of the NPGs has successfully allowed the population to increase.


In 2012, Attorney General Eric E. Holder's Task Force declared childhood exposure to crime and violence a "national crisis." The problem of childhood crime exposure, which we previously coined the Triple-C Impact, is estimated to be one of the most damaging and costly public health and public safety problems in our society today. Yet, thus far no one knows how much it actually costs us.

This article aims to answer this daunting question and provide an empirical economic analysis of the cost of the Triple-C Impact problem to the state and to society.

Children whose lives are touched by crime are left with deep scars that gravely affect their mental and physical health, as well as their life outcomes. Such negative corollaries inflict hefty costs on the state and on society at large. In fact, our analysis reveal a total annual cost of over $458 billion each year.

Despite the severity and cost of the problem, little is done to help affected children recover. The analysis presented in this article will form the basis for an evidence-based argument as to the unparalleled economic benefits of investment in early intervention efforts to alleviate the injurious and costly outcomes for children affected by crime exposure.


Objective:To explore the effects of different delivery modes on early postpartum pelvic floor function.Methods:Sixty-five pregnant women who deliveried in the hospital from January to May in 2011 were selected randomly,then they were divided into selective cesarean section group(32 cases) and vaginal delivery group(33 cases) according to different delivery modes.POP-Q score,pad test,residual urine detection by ultrasonography and perineal ultrasonography were carried out at six and twelve weeks after delivery;the incidences of stress urinary incontinence(SUI) and pelvic organ prolapse(POP),and the degree of bladder neck mobility were compared between the two groups.Results:During follow-up at six and twelve weeks after delivery,the incidences of SUI in selective cesarean section group were 3.13%(1/32) and 0(0/19),respectively,while the incidences of SUI in vaginal delivery group were 24.24%(8/33) and 27.78%(5/18),respectively,there was no significant difference between the two groups(P0.05);the incidences of POP in selective cesarean section group were 37.50%(12/32) and 36.84%(7/19),respectively,while the incidences of POP in vaginal delivery group were 72.73%(24/33) and 77.78%(14/18),respectively,there was significant difference between the two groups(P0.05).The results of perineal ultrasonography showed that there was significant difference in bladder neck angle and bladder neck rotation angle between the two groups at six and twelve weeks after delivery(P0.05).Conclusion:Selective cesarean section can reduce the incidence of early POP after delivery and cut down the risk of SUI.


An analytical model has been presented previously for the interaction between a spherical bubble and a spherical particle [e.g., Hay and Hamilton, J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 120, (2006)]. The present work extends this model to the case of a cluster of spherical bubbles and particles that are free to pulsate and translate. The bubbles and particles may be of arbitrary size, the particles may be elastic or rigid, and the external acoustic source excitation is included to an order consistent with the accuracy of the model. Effects of liquid compressibility are included in the equations of radial motion, and bubble coalescence is taken into account according to a set of conservation relations. Numerical simulation results will be presented for a number of cluster configurations and source excitations relevant to practical applications, such as shock wave lithotripsy. [Work supported by the NSF Graduate Research Fellowship.]


Studies of developmental cell lineage, i.e. of the fate of individual blastomeres that arise in an embryo, were begun in the 1 870s , in the context of the con troversy then raging about the "biogenetic," or "recapitulation," law promul gated by Ernst Haeckel . The biogenetic law seemed to imply that the early, pre-gastrula stages of metazoan embryogenesis recapitulate the nondifferen tiated condition of a remote colonial ancestor. Hence, prior to gastrulation, all blastomeres should be of equivalent developmental potency. Only after gastrulation would particular domains of the embryo become committed to the differentiated tissues characteristic of more recent metazoan ancestors. This implication was tested by a group of American biologists, led by Charles 0. Whitman ( 1878, 1 887). By observing the cleavage pattern of early leech embryos, Whitman traced the fate of individual blastomeres, from the uncleaved egg to the gastrular germ layer stage and concluded that, contrary to the simplest interpretation of the biogenetic law, even the earliest blastomeres are developmentally distinct and that each identified blastomere, and the clone of its descendant cells, plays a specific role in later development. Whitman set the pattern for all subsequent lineage studies. His disciples, including such future leaders of American cell biology as E . B. Wilson, E. G. Conklin, and F. R. Lillie, studied the embryos of other annelids, ascidians, and molluscs. Comparisons of their data revealed significant cross-phyletic similarities, as well as differences, in developmental cell lineage relations. Hence they concluded that there must be some relation between on�ogeny and


During the past 2 years the Superconducting Proton Linac (SPL) study has grown into an international collaboration with the goal of optimising the architecture of a pulsed superconducting (SC) high-power proton linac. This effort includes the study and prototyping of major technical components, such as SC high-gradient cavities, power couplers, the RF distribution system, HOM couplers, cryo-modules, focusing elements, etc. Even though the effort is driven by CERN's specific needs, the established design principles are valid for a range of SC linac projects. In this paper we report on the latest decisions concerning the machine architecture and on the ongoing R&D effort for technical components.


Green hydrogen produced from renewable energy through electrolysis is regarded as complementary to electricity, which could help decarbonize sectors that are hard to electrify. Besides, electrolytic hydrogen can serve as an interface and build synergy between different sectors and energy networks. Recently, many demonstration projects, which are normally composed of power generation units, energy storage units and electrolysers, are in the phase of planning and construction. Optimization of the system configuration and the power supply plan are essential elements to reduce the cost of green hydrogen and increase its economic competitiveness. In this paper, an optimization planning model for on-grid green hydrogen projects embedded with the function of production simulation is presented. Then, two case studies are carried out based on the proposed model. One represents green hydrogen projects in the northwestern area with plentiful renewable resources, relatively lower electricity prices and smaller price differences between peak and valley period. The other represents the ones in the southeastern area with relatively higher electricity prices and bigger peak-valley price differences. In each case study, the system configuration is optimized considering the photovoltaic (short as PV) and wind power output characteristics in the local area. Furthermore, the power supply plan, including when to use self-built power plants and when to use power from the grid is also optimized and analyzed. At last, specific suggestions are summarized and proposed for green hydrogen demonstration projects, which could provide important references for the future planning.


Though the technology has developed, authentication seems to be weak in its approach .It is easy for others to steal or hack our password in day to day life .Object password is an multifactor authentication scheme, that is inclusion of textual password, biometric and graphical passwords . Here user navigates and interacts with various objects and set password by new technique called object password technique. In this paper we show that the space is-reduced and increase the security. Therefore-many algorithms have come up each with an interesting approach-toward--calculation-of a secret key. Mostly-textual passwords follow an encryption algorithm, Biometric scanning is your "natural" signature and Cards or Tokens prove your validity. But some people hate the fact to carry around their cards. Some refuse to undergo strong IR exposure to their retinas (Biometric scanning). Mostly-textual passwords,-nowadays,-are kept very simple say a word from-the dictionary or their pet names, Girlfriends etc. As per tests a professional could crack 10-15 passwords per day. Here we present a idea of 3D passwords which are more Customizable, and very interesting way of authentication. The human memory in our scheme has to undergo the facts of Recognition, Recalling, Biometrics or Token based authentication.


Abstract : This investigation was conducted to evaluate the effects of selected EEG data transformations on analysis of variance (ANOVA) results in a repeated measures design. Eighteen subjects were given resting EEG evaluations at 8 different times during a period of continuous wakefulness. Following spectral analysis, the data were either analyzed as untransformed absolute EEG power, log-natural transformed power, or 2-arcsine-square root transformed relative power. Results indicated that while the relative power transformation lead to a more sensitive statistical analysis, it concurrently introduced data interpretation problems. In contrast, the results with both untransformed and transformed absolute power were quite similar. Overall, it was concluded that although transformations improve the Gaussian properties of the data, they do not appear to substantially impact the conclusions that will be drawn from a repeated measures.


Toll‐like receptors (TLR) expressed by cells of the immune system play a central role in the generation of immune responses against pathogens. Following TLR ligation, both pro‐inflammatory and anti‐inflammatory mediators are produced in order to elicit an immune response that controls the microbial infection while limiting tissue damage. Among these mediators, the pro‐inflammatory cytokine IL‐12 and the anti‐inflammatory cytokine IL‐10 are known to play major roles. Here, we show that in vitro or in vivo stimulation with flagellin, the TLR5 ligand, does not result in IL‐10 production. Furthermore, flagellin inhibits IL‐10 production by other specific TLR ligands at the protein and mRNA levels while increasing IL‐12p70 production. Several studies have linked the activation of extracellular signal‐regulated kinases with IL‐10 induction by TLR. We have observed that LPS‐induced extracellular signal‐regulated kinase activation was significantly decreased in flagellin‐treated macrophages, suggesting that this pathway might play a role in the inhibition of IL‐10 production observed in flagellin‐treated macrophages. Flagellin‐mediated IL‐10 inhibition was not observed in cells that do not express TLR5, supporting that this effect is indeed TLR5‐dependent. This study provides a new insight into the role of flagellin recognition by TLR5 in shaping the immune response elicited by flagellated microorganisms.


The invention discloses a method for charging between mobile apparatuses, and a mobile apparatus realizing external power supply, and belongs to the communication field. The power-supply mobile apparatus comprises a pair of external power supply circuits, and each of the external power supply circuits comprises a boosting module used for boosting a battery of the power-supply mobile apparatus to make the battery of the power-supply mobile apparatus to reach an available supply voltage, an electronic switch connected with the boosting module and used for starting the boosting module and closing an internal charging circuit when a mobile apparatus for charging is connected with the power-supply mobile apparatus through a USB line, and a charging switch connected with the battery of the power-supply mobile apparatus and used for starting the external power supply of the battery of the power-supply mobile apparatus in order to charge the mobile apparatus for charging. In the invention, the battery circuits of the mobile apparatus are improved, and the electric energy transfer between two mobile apparatus is carried out through utilizing the USB line, so the mobile apparatus can be changed without a standby battery or charger, and the performance and the user's use experience are improved.


This study was designed to find out whether human amniotic fluid cells have steroid 5 α-reductase activity and specific intracellular androgen receptors, and whether they could be used for antenatal diagnosis of male pseudohermaphroditism due to androgen resistance. "Fibroblast-like" cells cultures were raised from 12 amniotic fluids collected at mid-gestation. Specific receptor bound-DHT in the cell lysate was measured by a charcoal adsorption method. The binding specificity of the DHT-receptor was investigated. Physico-chemical properties of the binding component were studied by Sephadex G25 column chromatography, by density gradient ultra-centrifugation and by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The dissociation constant of the 3H-DHT receptor complex varied between .38 and 2.10 × 10-9M and the number of binding sites ranged from 110 to 644 fmoles.mg DNA. Moreover, amniotic fluid fibroblasts were capable of metabolizing androgens : when the cell were incubated with testosterone, DHT and Androstane-diols were measured by gas liquid chromatography. 5 α-reductase activity and high-affinity specific DHT binding protein are expressed in amniocentesis cells.From these data, it is thus possible to identify, prior to birth, individuals with 5 α-reductase deficiency or with no detectable androgen receptor.


Current efforts to extend the mission profile of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) have highlighted the need for scalable linear actuators. Typically, electrical power and control are specified for their high specific performance and ease of maintenance and replacement. Electro-Hydraulic Actuators (EHAs) provide the advantages of electrical power and control along with the proven reliability, robustness and graceful failure modes of hydraulic actuation. Current EHA technology, however, is not scalable to the degree required for projected UAVs and extension to other markets and applications. This paper will describe the measured and theoretical performance of a magnetostrictive hydraulic pump developed for one such EHA as part of the DARPA Compact Hybrid Actuator Program (CHAP). This work will focus on prototype pump designs utilizing a resonant magnetostrictive piston driver. The numerous design and operational parameters that have been tested and studied in an effort to produce an optimized pump design will be discussed. In particular, the measured and predicted performance of the resonant structure and fluidics will be compared and contrasted for several pump designs. The paper will also examine the interdependence of pump parameters and the balance required to produce a viable design with the required performance characteristics.


BACKGROUND
Glycemic Load (GL) is one of the indicators that can be used to assess the nutritional value of the diet. The results of numerous studies have shown that high glycemic index and/or high GL diets were associated with increased risk for type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease and cancer.

OBJECTIVES
The aim of the study was to evaluate dietary GL, intake of food products which are source of carbohydrates and contribution of particular carbohydrates in students' diets.

MATERIAL AND METHODS
The study group consisted of 140 female students from Wroclaw (Poland) aged 21±1.6 years. The dietary assessment was performed using food frequency-questionnaire. The GL of daily food ration (DFR) was considered low for values <80 g, medium for values between 80-120 g and high for values >120 g.

RESULTS
The mean GL of the diets was 120.7±42 g. DFR of 12.1% of the students had low GL, 46.6% - medium, and 39.3% - high. Diets in the 4th quartile of GL were characterized by the highest energy value, total carbohydrate, sucrose, starch and fiber content and energy contribution from carbohydrates when compared with lower quartiles. Higher percentage of energy from protein and fats in the diets was related with lower dietary GL. The highest correlation coefficient between GL and weight of the consumed food was observed for sweets (r=0.67), cereal products (r=0.52), juices and sweetened beverages (r=0.50), vegetables (r=0.45) and fruits (r=0.44). In the study, cereal products, fruits, sweets, vegetables and juices and sweetened beverages consumed by the female subjects constituted respectively 26.6%, 12.8%, 11.4%, 9.1% and 8.8% of the total dietary GL.

CONCLUSIONS
Lower dietary GL in the female students participating in the study can be achieved by limiting the intake of sweets and sweet beverages as well as consuming cereal products with a low GI.

KEY WORDS
glycemic index, glycemic load, carbohydrates, students, diet.


The problem of walk control of a biped robot is considered. The inertial robot parameters are assumed unknown and control actions are applied only twice during one step. The control aim is for robot walking with a given average speed without falls and jumps; a desired trajectory is not given. A two-level control method is designed and theoretically justified. The lower level is an adaptation block based on the recurrent aim inequality method. The higher level is a "trajectory calculating" block using the original global optimization method. The results of computer simulation confirm the necessity of adaptive control and efficiency of the algorithms.


Values that shape the behavior of individuals and determine their appropriateness, morality, effectiveness and beauty add meaning to life and are closely related to human life. In this study, it is aimed to examine the ten root values determined in the 2019 Turkish Teaching Program published by the Ministry of National Education in the works published on migration and immigration. In the study, in which the document analysis method, one of the qualitative research methods, was used, Halepli Zeynep written by Mevlana İdris Zengin, Umut Sokağı Çocukları written by Gülsevin Kral and JuJu Beni Unutma by Çiğdem Sezer were examined. As a result of the examinations, eight messages related to the value of helpfulness, seven messages related to the value of patriotism and three messages related to the value of love were identified in the JuJu beni unutma. In Halepli Zeynep, only four messages were found regarding the value of "helpfulness" and it was seen that the novel Umut Sokağı Çocukları contains six messages, three about the value of benevolence and three about the value of love.
When the findings obtained from this study are compared with other studies on the subject, it reveals that Çiğdem Sezer's novel JuJu Beni Unutma and Mevlana İdris Zengin's Halepli Zeynep can be useful in conveying the root values. However, it is understood that all three works can be useful in raising an awareness of the readers about immigration and refugees, which is now a reality of our country, and in making them feel empathy towards immigrants and refugees.


Ecocultural tourism is a hybrid of ecotourism and cultural tourism. This research deals with ecocultural tourism in Tegal Regency, Central Java, Indonesia. The purpose of this research is to investigate the hybridity of ecotourism and cultural tourism in the Tegal Regency. This research uses ecocultural theory and ecocultural tourism theory. The methods applied in this research are library research and fieldwork. Library research is applied to collect informative data about ecocultural tourism. The fieldwork is applied to collect data by interviewing the informants of tourism in Tegal Regency. By applying the theory and the methods, it is found that the hybridity of ecotourism and cultural tourism becomes the strategy to develop ecocultural tourism in Tegal Regency. On the one hand, ecocultural events relate to natural conservations; on the other hand, the events related to cultural conservations. The ecocultural tourism events become the prime tourist attractions that are able to attract local, domestic, and foreign tourists.


With the rapid developments within Intelligent Transport Systems the demand for digital road map products has increased considerably over the years. These are of use to, for example, fleet and traffic management systems, emergency/accident warning and alarm systems, multimedia travel guides linked to in-vehicle turn-by-turn navigation systems, also Geographic Information Systems (GIS) for environmental evaluation and utility management, telecommunication, as well as geomarketing, and finally consumer applications like route planners, travel guides, yellow page guides etc. For the covering abstract, see IRRD 490001.


Diffeomorphic matching (only one of several names for this technique) is a technique for non-rigid registration of curves and surfaces in which the curve or surface is embedded in the flow of a time series of vector fields. One seeks the flow between two topologically-equivalent curves or surfaces which minimizes some metric defined on the vector fields, i.e. the flow closest to the identity in some sense. In this paper, we describe a new particle-mesh discretization for the evolution of the geodesic flow and the embedded shape. Particle-mesh algorithms are very natural for this problem because Lagrangian particles (particles moving with the flow) can represent the movement of the shape whereas the vector field is Eulerian and hence best represented on a static mesh. We explain the derivation of the method, and prove the conservation properties: the discrete method has a set of conserved momenta corresponding to the particle-relabelling symmetry which converge to conserved quantities in the continuous problem. We also introduce a new discretization for the geometric current matching condition of Vaillant and Glaunes (2005 Surface matching via currents Proc. Conf. IPMI pp 381–92). We illustrate the method and the derived properties with numerical examples.


In the EU-funded project SOCTESQA partners from Europe and Singapore are working together to develop uniform and industry wide test procedures and protocols for solid oxide cells and stacks (SOC) cell/stack assembly. New application fields which are based on the operation of the SOC cell/stack assembly in the fuel cell (SOFC), in the electrolysis (SOEC) and in the combined SOFC/SOEC mode are addressed. This covers the wide field of power generation systems, e.g. stationary SOFC µ-CHP, mobile SOFC APU and SOFC/SOEC power-to-gas systems. This paper presents the results which have been achieved so far. Besides a summary of existing test procedures a so called "test matrix" was created. This document includes generic test modules, e.g. current-voltage curves, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, thermal cycling, electrical current cycling and long-term tests both under steady-state and dynamic operating conditions. The application specific test programs are created by combining several of these test modules.


Discloses a home network-based digital photo frame to provide a method for the picture. Frame service server receives the image information from the message using the user device connected to a specific number. Photo frame service server identification information by searching the image information in the RG message identifier included in the table at the obtaining of RG installed in the service destination home IP. The frame service server includes sending the image information message to the RG port number information of the IP, port number the frame is selected for notification service. RG to transmit image information to the digital frame, so that the digital photo frame displaying image information.


Human hair keratin is susceptible to damage by both chemical and physical agencies. Oxidative damage can now be assessed by the use of Fourier transform infra‐red (FTIR) spectroscopy.


A novel scheme was proposed for identifying and extracting vortex structures from two-dimensional velocity fields.The new scheme involves no threshold values and requires a lower spatial resolution than velocity-gradient based methods.The scheme was used to analyze the characteristics of vortex structures based on two-dimensional velocity data measured with particle image velocimetry in a turbulent open channel flow.The educed parameters show that population density and vorticity of spanwise vortex decrease along the wall-normal direction while the radius tend to increase all the way.In addition,vortex strength represented by the circulation stabilizes after a quick increase in the inner region.Comparison demonstrates that population density of the prograde vortex is larger than that of the retrograde one and the prograde vortices exhibit stronger swirl motion.Conditionally averaged velocity fields of vortical structures statistically verify the existence of hairpin vortex packets and the spatial correlation of retrograde-prograde vortices in open channel turbulence.


The relation between steel fiber reinforced concrete's bengding tensile strength and its tensile strength is obtained by using present test data.The theoretical formula of bending tensile strength of steel fiber reinforced concrete is concluded referring to strength model of single-direction short fiber composites.The theoretical results are in good accordance with test data through validating.


Computer networks were primarily used by university researches for sending email, and by corporate employees for sharing printers. Under these conditions, security did not get a lot of attention. But now, as millions of ordinary citizens are using networks for banking, shopping, and filing their tax returns, network security is looming on the horizon as a potentially massive


We describe two simple tests for models of current-induced magnetization switching due to spin-transfer torque in ferromagnetic/nonmagnetic/ferromagnetic (F/N/F) trilayers. The first involves comparing calculated and measured values of the ratio X=ΔI(Cu)∕ΔI(CuGe), where ΔI=I+−I−, the difference between switching currents for + and − current directions, when only the N-layer is changed from Cu to a dilute CuGe alloy. The Ge in Cu causes a large increase in elastic scattering (large reduction in mean-free path), but only a smaller increase in spin-orbit scattering (leaving the spin-diffusion length still relatively long). The second involves comparing calculated and measured values of the ratios (I+∕I−) for both Cu and CuGe. Unexpectedly, the most sophisticated models generally fit the first ratio least well at both 295 and 4.2K. None of the models agree with the ratio (I+∕I−).


Correspondence Address: (57) ABSTRACT DALINA LAW GROUP, PC. A system and method for ranking media. Embodiments 7910 VANHOEAVE. #325 enable presenting media in a first venue, obtaining feedback LA JOLLA, CA 92037 from at least one user and providing an indication whether to present the media in a second venue. The media may be audio, (21) Appl. No.: 111553,658 video, and/or text or any combination thereof. The first venue for example may be the Internet or an Internet online com (22) Filed: Oct. 27, 2006 munity. The second venue may for example be television O O (cable, broadcast or a DVD variant) or radio. The media may Publication Classification be presented in the first venue and feedback is obtained in any (51) Int. Cl. manner, for example via the first venue or over any other H04H 60/33 (2008.01) medium Such as by phone, computer or in any other way. The H04N 7/6 (2006.01) feedback for example may be based solely on the media or in HO)4N 7/173 (2006.01) relation to other media presented. The indication may be H04H 9/00 (2006.01) provided as to whether to present the media in a second venue.


ABSTRACT While research on embodied learning sheds light on the body's role during science learning, there is a lack of understanding of how the body is drawn upon in subsequent learning interactions. We seek to understand how the body supports cognition and learning during and after embodiment. We elaborate upon the liminal blends framework (Enyedy, N., Danish, J. A., & DeLiema, D. (2015). Constructing liminal blends in a collaborative augmented-reality learning environment. International Journal of Computer-Supported Collaborative Learning, 10(1), 7–34.) to understand how many resources are taken up, blended together, and progressively refined towards canonical scientific understanding. By tracing the body, we demonstrate that embodied experiences are never 'erased.' Instead, although students find ways to articulate understanding that do not require movement, they nonetheless derive meaning from prior embodied activity. Young children exceed expected grade level understanding in part because their capability as embodied reasoners is privileged for learning. In addition to expanding liminal blends theory, we suggest implications for designing technology-enhanced environments and science learning. Across all audiences, findings suggest the importance of privileging an array of sensemaking resources often excluded from classrooms, and the importance of students mapping multiple representational forms to develop conceptual understanding of science phenomena


Spinal cord injury does not happen all at once. After the initial impact to the cord, secondary injury processes proceed to destroy additional tissue and kill cells at the margins of the expanding lesion. This progression of damage has been thought to be due principally to the spread of necrotic, passive cell death by membrane destruction and release of chemicals that attack cells. Recent evidence suggests that apoptosis, a form of genetically programmed cell death that occurs naturally during development and in the immune system, is involved in the pathophysiology of spinal cord injury (SCI) and other trauma to the CNS. Apoptosis occurs for many days and even weeks after injury, especially in the myelin-forming oligodendrocytes of the cord white matter. This may lead to demyelination and further dysfunction. Apoptosis of both neurons and oligodendrocytes represents a new target for pharmacological therapies that may be effective in the subacute as well as the acute stages of injury. In addition to progra...