OBJECTIVE: To isolate the active component of Arca subcrenata protein,investigate the antitumor and immune activities in vitro. METHODS:The Arca subcrenata protein active component was extracted by ice water and ammonium sulfate precipitation. Cytotoxicity in human rectal concinoma HT-29 and other cell lines treated with Arca subcrenata protein active component of 50,100,200,400 μg/m L for 24,48 and 72 h. Morphology changes in living cells were examined under the inverted phase contrast microscope. Cellular and nuclear morphological changes in human tumor cells treated with the Arca subcrenata protein active component was studied by Giemsa staining. Cell cycle and apoptosis in HT-29 cells were determined by flow cytometry. The growth of mice macrophage RAW264.7 treated the Arca subcrenata protein active component was detected by MTT assay. The phagocytosis of mice macrophage RAW264.7 treated with Arca subcrenata protein active component was determined by neutral red. The NO production by RAW264.7 was detected by Griess method. RESULTS:Arca subcrenata protein active component inhibited the survival of many tumor cell lines in concentration and time-dependent manners. Arca subcrenata protein active component induced cell were cycle arrest at G2-M cycle phases and apoptosis in HT-29 cells. It also showed that multinucleated cells were increased. Under the concentration of 50-100 μg/m L,Arca subcrenata protein active component could stimulate the growth of RAW264.7 cells,enhance phagocytosis and NO production activity. CONCLUSION:Arca subcrenata月protein active component demonstrated anti-tumor activities due to its immune activation and the fact that it induced cell cycle arrest at G2-M cycle phases and apoptosis.


Convolutional neural networks are a class of deep neural networks that leverage spatial information, and they are therefore well suited to classifying images for a range of applications [...].


We study when the Thurston norm is detected by twisted Alexander polynomials associated to representations of the 3-manifold group to SL(2, C). Specifically, we show that the hyperbolic torsion polynomial determines the genus for a large class of hyperbolic knots in the 3-sphere which includes all special arborescent knots and many knots whose ordinary Alexander polynomial is trivial. This theorem follows from results showing that the tautness of certain sutured manifolds can be certified by checking that they are a product from the point of view of homology with coefficients twisted by an SL(2, C)-representation.


There have been considered the options for creating a marine pumped storage station on seawater on the Azov-Black Sea coast with the use of renewable energy sources.


This article proposes a renewable raw material, in this case is used waste palm oil for obtaining valuable products which are usually resulted from crude oil, a limited resource. The main goal of the research work is to produce high yield of olefins through thermal cracking processes using waste vegetable oils from different uses. A preliminary research was designed for the thermal cracking of waste palm oil in a micropilot plant composed by a metallic, tubular and electrically heated reactor. The process operated at 2 bar, in a temperature range of 450-630 C and different residence time (120-180-240s). Mass balance allowed us to calculate the products yields. The products obtained from the process were analyzed using Gas-Chromatography. The study concluded that significant olefins yields (up to 10% wt for ethylene and 7 % wt for propylene) can be obtained by increasing temperature and residence time in the reactor.


Building sector continues to grow into one of the biggest consumers of energy in south Asian countries (classified majorly as very hot-humid and dry climatic zone). Estimates account space air-conditioning at nearly 50% of the energy consumption in commercial building sector, making energy a significant operational cost. Evolution of energy efficient space cooling system thus becomes a prerogative criteria (since the CDD10 is greater than 5000), paving the way for localized/personalized cooling. The research involves analysis of energy consumption patterns for a typical office space with a) Variable air volume system, b) Radiant floor cooling system c) Localized cooling by radiant panels on workstations. For the respective systems, zone cooling set point temperatures is varied based on climate responsive standard of India (representative of south Asian climate zone) and ASHRAE standard as baseline to arrive at the prospective cooling energy consumption patterns. Definitive deviance potential from the baseline present an opportunity to adopt energy efficient strategies. Greater impetus is provided to personalize cooling since from an energy consumption perspective, it reduces energy consumption by 30% over VAV system. Furthermore, tabs are kept on air distribution pattern and quality of air in the conditioned office space (by considering the standard k-Ɛ turbulence model) ensuring human comfort has greater degree of significance to energy consumption optimization. Introduction Globally, building construction and occupation have come under spotlight for its very strong linkages with energy use and climate impacts. Efficient use of energy is strongly emphasized over the last decade or so, since the reserve of our global energy resources is finite and depleting. The World Energy Outlook 2009, the global energy usage tracker of the Paris-based International Energy Agency says that the half of world's population in cities is already consuming two-third of world's energy. By 2030, cities will be consuming 73 per cent of world energy, accounting for 70 per cent of CO2 emissions. It projects big increase in energy and global CO2 from the increase in floor space in buildings of various types, especially in non-OECD countries (Organization of Economic Cooperation of Developed Countries) due to lifestyle changes. Within the climate and energy debate the urban consumption pattern in building units in cities thus becomes the focal point of mitigation. A study by IPCC 1996 indicates, share of energy consumption by residential, commercial and institutional building sector across the globe is expected at 38% by 2050. This increase is directly a result of rapid urbanization and growth of cities as major economic hubs in developing countries. Indian Green Building council says the global growth rate of construction Industry is 5.2% and specific to India, the figure nearly doubles to 10%. According to Energy Statistics 2013 of India's National Statistical Organization (NSO) shows electricity accounted for more than 57 per cent of the total energy consumption during 2011-12 in India, and building sector is already consuming close to 40 per cent of the electricity. This is expected to increase to 76 per cent by 2040. With the rapid increase in urbanization and its associated energy usage, there exists a massive demand to provide energy optimization solution for building operation. Within a building, nearly 20% of the total energy demand is consumed as operational energy. Optimizing the operational energy demand in a positive way will influence the overall energy requirements of the building industry. Commercial offices offers a vivid opportunity to install/retrofit energy efficiency measures to optimize operational energy. Many research has benchmarked heating, ventilation and air-conditioning as the major energy guzzler in commercial office spaces with estimates at around 50 to 60% of overall energy consumed by building. Despite perceptions to the contrary, energyefficient offices are not expensive, difficult to manage or inflexible. Nor are they low on comfort and productivity. Energy-efficient techniques which work well tend to be reliable, straightforward, and compatible with management and user needs. Capital costs are often similar to those for normal offices, although budgets may be spent differently – for example, on measures to decrease cooling loads instead of on air-conditioning. Radiant cooling system and personalized radiant panel systems are few of such technology which is impending in India. Radiant cooling systems provide an opportunity to achieve significant energy and peak demand savings compared to conventional HVAC systems. Radiant cooling systems have circulation of water in pipes or tubes embedded in floor or ceiling or even on other surfaces such as walls. With radiant systems, people are cooled by radiant heat transfer from their bodies to adjacent ________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________ Proceedings of the 16th IBPSA Conference Rome, Italy, Sept. 2-4, 2019 2011 https://doi.org/10.26868/25222708.2019.211011 Sensitivity: LNT Construction Internal Use surfaces—ceilings, walls, or floors—whose temperatures are held a few degrees cooler than ambient. This produces higher savings, since water has more than 3400 times the energy transport capacity of air. Since radiant cooling can take care of only sensible loads, parallel schemes are required for latent loads. These methods may form part of the ventilation strategy such as dedicated outdoor air systems. Even though the radiant cooling system is comfortable and energy saving, application of the same is limited by the condensation problem that might happen. Condensation occurs when the surface temperature of the panels is lower than the dew point temperature of room air. And the sudden increasing of moisture gain indoors or the decreasing of supply water to improve cooling capacity cause condensation (Wufen Jin et al.2015) This will directly affect the efficiency of the chiller and the operating conditions of cooling system. In order to avoid condensation, the surface temperature of panels should be controlled higher than the dew point temperature, which will limit the cooling capacity. Radiant systems are able to provide better and more uniform thermal environment [Olesen 2008], since the mean radiant temperature is also an important factor which affects the comfort of people. Various other benefits of radiant cooling system includes greater architecture flexibility, reduced operating and maintenance costs and more effective control of ventilation [Uponor]. The major function of an air conditioning system is to make people feel comfortable even during adverse outside conditions. In an office environment most of the time individual will be in his seat and working. By using radiant panels in the workstation, we tried to make the conditioning more localised so that the individual will feel more comfortable while working. So the amount of air to be treated will be drastically reduced which will directly affect the savings without any effect on the comfort of the people inside. The remaining area in the room was supplied with the fresh air by separate AHU's specified as per the standards and hence the ventilation was also taken care of. In this research, we found out the energy saving comparison of a radiant ceiling cooling system and localized cooling with radiant panels on workstation with a conventional VAV system designed as per ASHRAE standard. This paper will definitely help as a basis for future researches in the radiant cooling areas for the designing of an energy efficient building. Methodology To provide thermally comfortable environment, conditioning the built space becomes a prerogative in hothumid and dry climatic zone. Upholding the thermal comfort index at acceptable levels offers a challenge to optimized building operational energy consumption. With this in hindsight, the study utilizes whole building energy simulation approach to analyze energy consumption patterns of three different zone airconditioning systems for a typical office space. The HVAC systems considered for comparison on the basis of comparable first costs are a) Variable air volume system, b) Radiant ceiling system and c) Personalized radiant panel system. The HVAC systems cater to the cooling demand of a 12 floor typical office layout with an overall built up area of about 7500 m. Figure 1 details the methodology adopted for study. ASHRAE 90.1-2010 is considered as basis for occupancy, envelope, lighting power density, equipment power density and associated operational schedules. The exact values are referenced in Table 1. Zone air set point temperature is also varied to determine the degree of energy optimization potential. Conventional model with a set point of 24 ̊C and set back of 26  ̊C and Indian Adaptive model with a climate responsive set point temperatures graphed in Figure 6 and a setback of +1.5  ̊C from set point are considered as the basis of HVAC system sizing. Figure 1: Study Methodology ________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________ Proceedings of the 16th IBPSA Conference Rome, Italy, Sept. 2-4, 2019 2012


Apatinib is a specific VEGFR-2 inhibitor that blocks transmission of the VEGF/VEGFR-2 signaling pathway by competitively binding to the VEGFR-2 intracellular tyrosine ATP binding site and exerting biological effects. Different levels of VEGFR-2 expression in different lung cancer cells and the cell lines with low and high expression of VEGFR-2 were selected, and the effect of apatinib on their proliferation was observed in vitro and in vivo. In vitro studies showed that apatinib significantly inhibited the proliferation of VEGFR-2 high-expression lung cancer cell lines H1975 and H446 in a concentration-dependent manner, mainly by promoting apoptosis and cell cycle arrest. For the lung cancer cell line A549 with low VEGFR-2 expression, the same concentration of apatinib had no inhibitory effect. In vivo studies showed that both H1975 and H446 xenografts were significantly inhibited by lowand high-dose apatinib, while in A549 cells, low-dose apatinib had no significant inhibitory effect. Therefore, apatinib has different inhibitory effects on different lung cancer cells, and the inhibitory effect on lung cancer cells with high VEGFR-2 expression is more significant by promoting apoptosis and inducing cell cycle arrest in vitro and in vivo.


An experimental study of transport in the near-wake region of permeable, planar flow blockages was conducted in a vertical-flow channel with a hexagonal cross section. Experiments included measurements of axial pressure distributions along channel walls exposed to the free stream and wake region and pressure differences between the free stream and wake regions at fixed axial positions. Further, time constants for scalar decay in the near-wake region were determined by salt conductivity tests. A single blockage geometry was used in all tests; the blockage, which was attached to the channel wall, obstructed 58 percent of the cross section when the blockage was solid. For one series of tests, discrete jets were machined into the blockage and water was metered into the recirculation zone at velocities of the order of the mean channel velocity. Increased jet velocity reduced the resistence time of salt in the recirculation zone, and when the jet velocity was as high as the accelerated free stream flow at the vena contracta, counterrotating cells were introduced in the recirculating zone. In a second series of tests, uniformly spaced holes were drilled in the blockages to give blockage porosities of 11 and 24 percent. The residence time of saltmore » in the near wake decreased significantly as the blockage porosity was increased to 24 percent.« less


Total cord IgM measurements and an indirect γM-Fluorescent treponemal antibody (γM-FTA) test were performed on the cord sera of 43 seroreactive neonates to determine the reliability of each in diagnosing congenital syphilis. Thirty-three infants who did not have active disease had either a negative or minimally reactive (five cases) γM-FTA test. Four with definite and five with suspected active disease gave 3 to 4+ reactions. One infant who was suspected to have active disease was FTA negative. By titering the 3 to 4+ reactive sera, it was shown that this FTA test can detect considerably less than 1 mg/100 cc of antitreponemal IgM antibody. Total cord IgM levels were not reliably elevated in active cases. These results suggest that the γM-FTA test may prove to be an accurate additional way to diagnose congenital syphilis in the neonatal period even if the infant is asymptomatic.


. The current curriculum of computer specialty emphasizes theory rather than practice, and the training of students' engineering practice ability is weak, which is inconsistent with the needs of enterprises. There exists the phenomenon of employment or unemployment. To reform and innovate the curricula of computer specialty, this paper puts forward that the curricula system of computer specialty consists of general education curricula module, professional curricula module, practical teaching link module and innovation and entrepreneurship module. The professional curriculum module adopts the mode of school-enterprise joint training, and adopts the mode of 2.5+0.5+1 three-stage talent training. It draws a topographic map of professional curriculum training objectives and constructs a "six-in-one" modular curriculum system. Practice shows that this new curriculum can train students' engineering ability more effectively and achieve seamless integration with enterprises.


12 Joke Baute (email@example.com), Dorota Herman (email@example.com), 13 Frederik Coppens (firstname.lastname@example.com), Jolien De Block (email@example.com), 14 Bram Slabbinck (email@example.com), Matteo Dell'Acqua (firstname.lastname@example.com) 15 Mario Enrico Pè (email@example.com), Steven Maere (firstname.lastname@example.com), Hilde 16 Nelissen (email@example.com), Dirk Inzé (firstname.lastname@example.com) 17 18 Department of Plant Systems Biology, Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie, 19 Technologiepark 927, 9052, Gent, Belgium 20 Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Technologiepark 21 927, 9052, Gent, Belgium 22 Institute of Life Sciences, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Piazza Martiri della Libertà 33, 56127 23 Pisa, Italy 24 25 Combining in-depth phenotyping with transcript profiling in maize recombinant inbred lines 26 allows to untangle the genetic control of complex traits. 27 Plant Physiology Preview. Published on January 11, 2016, as DOI:10.1104/pp.15.01883


approved: Redacted for Privacy Leon C. Terriere Endogenous inhibitors of insect microsomal oxidases are a serious problem in in-vitro studies of insecticide metabolism. Their number, chemical nature, modes of action, and their effectiveness as inhibitors are unknown. In the case of house flies, there may be as many as four inhibitors. The most important of these is known to be heat stable and to be found mainly in the head of the fly. This inhibitor was investigated to determine its identity and mode of action. The inhibitor as assayed by its effect on microsomal aldrin epoxidation. Fly heads were homogenized with distilled water, heated, filtered and used as inhibitor preparations. Gas-liquid chromatography was used to analyze for dieldrin, the product of the enzyme reaction. The activities of microsomal NAOPH:cytochrome C oxidorediictase and NADPH:neotetrazolium oxidoreductase were measured spectrophotnmetrically using cytochrome C, 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol (DUTT), and neotetrazolium as substrates.. The house flies used in these experiments differed genetically in respect to their level and type of insecticide resistance, their microsomal nxidase level, and their eye color. The head inhibitor did not affect the stability of the epoxidase enzyme since the percent inhibition was constant at various times of incubation. Double reciprocal plots of reaction velocity versus substrate concentration showed that the inhibitor is not a competitor with aldrin for the same active site on the enzyme. According to these methods, the inhibitor does not compete with NADPfl for the site of reaction, but it does reduce the activity of the microsomal electron transport system. The amount of head inhibitor was not dependent on the age, sex, nature of insecticide resistance, or microsomal oxidase activity of the fly. However, the inhibitor was absent in house fly strains with the white and ocra eye color mutations and was present at a reduced level in the flies with carmine colored eyes. These results showed that the pigment required for wild type eye coloration is directly involved with the inhibitor. This pigment, xanthommatin, a product of tryptophane metabolism, is absent in strains with genetic blocks at the third and fifth chromosomes. Xanthommatin was obtained by synthesis and by isolation from fly heads. When included at 5 x 10 6 M and 5 x 10 M in microsome incubations, xanthommatin inhibited the activity of the epoxidase enzyme 72.5% and 17.5%, respectively. The precursor of xanthommatin, 3-hydroxykynurenine, was not inhibitory. Xanthommatin increased the rate of oxidation of RADPH by the microsomes, as did cytochrome C, 1)CP1P, and neotetrazolium. Because dihydroxanthommatin is rapidly air-oxidized, the reduction of xanthommatin by NADPU and microsomes could be detected only under anaerobic conditions, it was concluded that xanthommatin serves as an Plectron acceptor for the microsomal electron transport system, limiting the supply of electrons to the epoxidase system. The inhibitory effect of xanthommatin is enhanced by the auto-oxidation of dihydroxanthommatin which provides additional electron acceptor. A double-reciprocal plot of enzyme reaction velocity versus substrate concentration showed that xanthommatin inhibits neotetrazolium reduction non-competitively, The data indicate that the inhibitor limits the flow of reducing potential to the non-heme iron protein, Similar experiments with NADPH:cytochrome C oxidoreductase showed a "mixed" inhibition, Xanthommatin appeared to increase the rate of cytochrome C reduction, but this increase was found to be non-enzymic. It is suggested that the site of action of xanthommatin is NADPil: cytochrome C oxidoreductase, When tested in epoxidase incubations which contained the inhibitor, bovine serum albumin (BSA) did not affect the percent inhibition, The effect of xanthommatin on the electron transport components was not altered by the presence of BSA. However, BSA decreased the reduction of DCPIP approximately 30% when used at a level of 1 to 2 mg/fly equivalent of microsomes. This same concentration of BSA was found to be optimum for maximum enhancement of microsomal aldrin epoxidation. The minimum increase of pox idase act: iv it y due to BSA or mirred under opt itimm cowl on s of Inc Oat i on, f t Wag ("Me I Ilded 1 hrit d ,e roitnter.act. the inhibitory effect of xanthommat in , and i.t is s LPA that the enhancing effect of USA on the micros oma l OX icl ases i s due to an infl uence on the conf igurat ion of the microsome. Biochemical Properties of an Endogenous Inhibitor of House Fly (Musca domestica L.) Microsomal Oxidations by Robert D. Schonbrod A THESIS submitted to Oregon State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy June 1971


The Scavenger's Daughter is a five act play in the form of a medieval Miracle play. Though borrowing from medieval drama the play is mainly concerned with a modernist aesthetic in the vein of Artaud, Brecht, and Beckett. The play centres around a travelling merchant who builds and sells automatons which bear a close resemblance to the mythical Golem. He sells one of his automatons to a group of shepherds. When the "body" breaks a conflict begins between the shepherds and the merchant sparking a comedy of errors with the body. The play draws heavily on traditions of burlesque, travesty, satire, and farce.


SrCu2(BO3)2 is a low-dimensional antiferromagnetic compound that has undergone many different magnetization studies; however, to date none have addressed the temperature dependence of the magnetization. Measuring this sample's magnetism versus magnetic field at varying temperatures will provide insight into its quantum mechanical nature and help strengthen or refute the current theory. This experiment utilizes a vibrating sample magnetometer and DC magnet at the National High Magnetic Field Laboratory and covers a magnetic field range up to 30.1 T and a temperature range from 1.4 to 12.3 K. Our data show that the magnetization of the sample does in fact depend the temperature of the sample.


Extrauterine leiomyoma is a rare disease with multiple potential metastasizing sites. Pathogenesis of this condition remains debatable with previous myomectomy a considerable risk factor. Diagnosis and treatment remain a challenge due to diverse presenting symptoms and the initial involvement of various specialties, which often cause distress in these patients. In this article, we present one case of pulmonary leiomyomas on expectant management, one case of wide-disseminated extrauterine leiomyomas including the bones, spines, soft tissues and peritoneum who underwent decompression laminectomy and biopsy of paravertebral mass and one case of retroperitoneal leiomyoma who underwent resection of the lesion.


Proper postharvest storage is an effective way to maintain the quality and nutritional values of fruits. The aim of this study was to determine how environmentally friendly postharvest treatments with salicylic acid solution, colloidal silver solution and ozone, affect the antioxidant activity of strawberry fruits (Fragaria x ananassa Duch. cv. Albion) during 7 days of storage at 4°C. The content of ascorbic acid, total phenols and antioxidant activity of strawberry fruits were determined spectrophotometrically. After 7 days of storage in strawberry fruits treated with all three treatments separately, the contents of ascorbic acid were higher than in the control fruits, supporting the usefulness of these treatments for preserving fruit quality and nutritional value during storage. The treatment with salicylic acid solution showed the most beneficial effect during storage causing a significant increase in the content of ascorbic acid, phenols and antioxidant activity at the end of the storage period.


In this letter, we propose an approach to the distributed storage and fusion of data for collective perception in resource-limited robot swarms. We demonstrate our approach in a distributed semantic classification scenario. We consider a team of mobile robots, in which each robot runs a pre-trained classifier of known accuracy to annotate objects in the environment. We provide two main contributions: (i) a decentralized, shared data structure for efficient storage and retrieval of the semantic annotations, specifically designed for low-resource mobile robots; and (ii) a voting-based, decentralized algorithm to reduce the variance of the calculated annotations in presence of imperfect classification. We discuss theory and implementation of both contributions, and perform an extensive set of realistic simulated experiments to evaluate the performance of our approach.


Vertically aligned carbon nanotubes (VACNTs) have recently attracted growing interest as a very efficient light absorbing material over a broad spectral range making them a superior coating in space optics applications such as radiometry, optical calibration, and stray light elimination. However, VACNT coatings available to-date most often result from batch-to-batch deposition processes thus potentially limiting the manufacturing repeatability, substrate size and cost efficiency of this material.


Most of the empirical research and practically all of the fieldwork conducted on gangs has been devoted to street gangs. In this article, Bureau of Prisons automated data were used to evaluate the contribution of prison gang affiliation to violence and other forms of misconduct within prisons. The authors also examined a measure of gang embeddedness to see if, similar to street gang research, it can be shown that core members of a prison gang were more likely to commit violent and other kinds of misconduct than were more peripheral members. Both specific and more generic gang indicators were related to violence and other forms of official prison misconduct. A composite measure of gang misconduct represents the threat that particular gangs pose to prison order. The "threat index" is model based and provides a graphical representation of the relative magnitude and heterogeneity of the threat posed by different gang affiliations.


Grundtvig and Geijer - Two Meetings and a Parting By Kim Arne Pedersen The point of departure of the article is partly a seminar, held in the spring of 1996 at Karlstad H.gskola, entitled Grundtvig, Geijer and Their Impact, partly the fact that this year it is 150 years since the first real meeting between Grundtvig and the Swedish historian, Erik Gustav Geijer, took place. This meeting came about in connection with the celebration of Geijer in Copenhagen in 1846. Prior to the personal meeting between the two, Geijer had attended Grundtvig's church service in Our Saviour's Church in Christianshavn in 1825. The article begins with a description of similarities and differences between Grundtvig and Geijer. Among other things, the similarities consist in the inspiration from Romanticism, shared by both of them, their emphasis on the Nordic tradition of freedom, and their meeting, in both cases, with the freedom224 loving England. Whereas Grundtvig became isolated in his early years, among other things because he dissociated himself from German Idealism, Geijer never broke with that Idealism, and only late did he experience an isolation from his former conservative-romantic environment. It was precisely in the years when Grundtvig's isolation is broken that Geijer embraces the ideas of liberty (1838). The article goes on to present Geijer's desciption of Grundtvig's church service in 1825. Geijer likes Grundtvig's sermon, but does not care much for his unmusical chanting of the Mass or the Danish church service customs. The article contains two further references to Grundtvig's chanting. The article then reproduces two draughts for toast speeches to Geijer, given by Grundtvig in connection with the celebration in 1846, followed by an analysis of the speeches. In the first draught Grundtvig points out that he and Geijer were bom in the same year. In that connection Grundtvig mentions that the movements towards national liberty at the end of the 18th century found a peaceful reflection in Scandinavia. He proceeds to describe the historical interest common to himself and Geijer and sees their appraisal of the North as an indication of the flourishing Nordic life that Grundtvig expects. The other draught begins with Grundtvig's version of the Greek poet Pindar. He uses Pindar's poem as an image of the link between Ancient Greek and Nordic culture that he sees as his goal, and he makes it clear that the North today surpasses Greece. In conclusion, the article refers to the last hours of Grundtvig's life when Geijer's .Svenska Folkets Historia. was read aloud to him.


Background: This cross sectional study describes the prevalence of gingival recession, gingival bleeding and dental calculus in Iraqi adults covering the age range from 20-70yrs, and to evaluate the relation between gingival recession and periodontal break down use furcation involvement and tooth mobility as explanatory variables for periodontal diseases. Materials and Methods: The study groups consist of 132 subjects (72 males and 60 females) who attended the college of Dentistry for routine dental treatment, gingival recession , gingival bleeding and dental calculus were assessed at all teeth excluding the third molar. Results: There was an abundant amount of calculus in the lower arch in males especially because of smoking and this long standing calculus has a highly significant correlation coefficient with gingival recession and gingival bleeding. Gingival inflammation also is a common finding especially in males which is may be due to heavy amount of calculus and smoking where there was a highly significant correlation coefficient between gingival bleeding and smoking. It was also clear that females showed less gingival recession than males and that gingival recession tends to increase with age and it is more often on the lower anterior teeth due to calculus also there was a highly significant correlation coefficient between gingival recession and gingival bleeding, on the other hand a highly significant correlation was found between gingival recession and periodontal breakdown. Conclusion: Gingival recession, gingival bleeding and dental calculus are common in Iraqi adults. Gingival recession also is associated with destructive periodontal diseases.


The invention discloses a carbon-based solid acid catalyst and a preparation method thereof. The prepared catalyst adopts activated carbon as carrier and benzenesulfonic acid as acid site which are combined through firm carbon-carbon covalent bond. The preparation method comprises the following steps: first adopting aminobenzene sulfonic acid to perform diazotization process, obtaining diazosalt of sulfanilic acid, then using hypophosphorous acid as reductant to react with diazosalt of sulfanilic acid on activated carbon, and finally filtrating, washing and drying the products after finishing the reaction to obtain the carbon-based solid acid catalyst. The carbon-based solid acid catalyst has the advantage of stable structure, strong acidity, low cost, good catalytic effect and environmental-friendliness and can be reproducible and reused.


Background: One of the factors influencing the level of general health and quality of life of individuals, is the level of social support that people enjoy. Given the importance of general health, quality of life and the amount of social support and their relationship with the level of physical activity in young people in Yazd province counties were studied.
Methods: The study population of this descriptive, cross-sectional study consisted of 15- to 29-year-old people. Given the study population, sample size was calculated for the counties Yazd, Mehriz, Ardakan and Meybod separately.
Methods: A total of 1533 people were selected by cluster sampling, and a person aged 15-29 years from each family completed the questionnaire. The questionnaire used, in addition to demographic questions, included three sections general health questionnaire (GHQ-28), Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support, and World Health Organization Quality Of Life Brief (WHOQOL-BREF). The data were analyzed by SPSS18, nonparametric statistical tests and Pearson's correlation.
Results: The mean general health score of youth was 30.82 (9.56) and the mean scores of their quality of life and social support were 38.32 (8.67) and 42.64 (7.73), respectively. Mental health, quality of life and social support were significantly associated with education level (P-value ≤ 0.001).
The quality of life of young athletes was higher than that of young non-athletes (P-value ≤ 0.001). General health and social support were higher in women than in men (P-value ≤ 0.001).
Conclusion: The general health level of Yazd youth is higher than the cut-off point and not optimal, but based on social and cultural conditions in this province, the levels of social support and quality of life were found to be satisfactory. Planning to increase the level of vitality and exercise in different fields can be an opportunity to improve the general health of young people.


Results of the recently completed Rocky Mountain I (RMI) underground coal gasification (UCG) field test have shown that the Controlled Retracting Injection Point (CRIP) process for UCG is capable of producing consistently high quality gas from a single injection well for an extended period of time. The RMI CRIP module was in operation for 93 days and gasified over 10,000 tonnes (11,023 tons) of coal, with an average dry product heating value of 253 kJ/mol (287 Btu/scf). The CRIP process, which utilizes a horizontally drilled injection borehole, has the advantage over vertical well process techniques in that it maintains oxidant injection low in the coal seam for optimal resource recovery, and provides a method for reignition of the coal in a different location when gas quality declines as the maturing reactor begins to interact with inert overburden. This report discusses the results of the RMI CRIP module, compares its performance with the simultaneously operated Extended Linked Well (ELW) module, and explains the behavior of the CRIP reactors with the aid of a model developed for describing UCG reactor dynamics for cases in which oxidant injection remains low in the coal. It is shown that both in terms of fundamental understandingmore » and practical application, the CRIP process for UCG in subbituminous and lower ranking coals has reached a level where the remaining technical uncertainties and risk to commercial development have been largely reduced. 6 refs., 8 figs., 4 tabs.« less


In this paper we discuss the extent to which countries in the former Silk Road regions are either reaching or failing to reach their trading potential with China. We estimate a gravity model of trade using a Poisson pseudo-maximum likelihood estimator, and estimate trade potential using in-sample, out-of-sample and counterfactual approaches. We compare trade potential using these three methods for Silk Road country trades with China. Next, we compare the estimated trade potential to actual trade, and find that most Silk Road countries are underperforming in their trade with China. However, trade performance against potential improved for most countries over the years 1990–2013. Our results suggest that China's former Silk Road trading partners have yet to realize the full potential benefits of China's economic growth but that the gap may be narrowing.


The development of this business plan proposes the creation of a company that offers early water stimulation services in Quito. Nowadays, due to the accelerated lifestyle of people in general, the little ones at home have come to receive less importance and attention than they deserve. This is why the use of early learning therapies is becoming increasingly necessary; in order to be able to take advantage of all the abilities of babies and children, who, as it is known, achieve most of their brain development by the age of 3. It is also during this phase that parents and children establish their emotional bonds. Furthermore, early swimming offers many health benefits and encourages the development of motor abilities in kids. These are the reasons why it was decided to carry out the current project, the creation of the company Baby Swim. The business will initially begin activities in the Villaflora neighborhood and in the future it is expected that another branch will be opened also in the south of the city, with a subsequent analysis in order to find the most appropriate location. Having reviewed and analyzed the framework conditions of the industry to which the new company belongs, it can be said that both industry and the new company will be able to address all the possible threats that may occur on the basis of the analysis of different variables made. When performing the market segmentation of this project it was possible to identify that the target market for the company Baby Swim is comprised of the parents of infants and children ranging from 3 months to 5 years of age; it was determined that they should be residents in the southern part of the city, within the neighborhoods of the zonal administration of Eloy Alfaro and also belong to a middle or upper-middle social class, amounting to a total of 13,130 people. The financial evaluation enabled us to determine that the company needs an initial investment of $87.468,75; thus also validating the feasibility of this business plan resulting in a NPV of $16.777,11 and an IRR of 28,67%. The investment is expected to be recovered at year 4 of operations of the company Baby Swim.


This study analyses the impact of foreign direct investment on small business employment along the border in Mexico between 1987 and 1996. During this period, unprecedented levels of foreign direct investment flowed to Mexico, most notably to the northern border region. At the same time, it appears that internal migration of workers from the interior to the border occurred in response to employment generated by this investment. Utilizing 1987 and 1996 data from the Encuesta Nacional de Empleo Urbano, bivariate probit models of employment and small/ large firm employment for the border and interior regions are estimated. The results suggest that the increased employment share captured by large firms in the border may have hindered growth in the small business sector. A better understanding of the impact of FDI flows on small businesses may help policymakers in developing countries as they strive to create broad-based economic growth.


A previously calibrated soil/atmosphere heat and water transport model was used to analyze (1) errors involved in soil water balance estimates under drying periods when soil surface moisture contents derived from microwave measurements were used as soil surface boundary conditions, and (2∥ consequences of time periods separating two consecutive soil surface boundary conditions under evaporation or infiltration conditions on soil water balance calculations. Soil moisture and dry bulk density measurements were performed on a 0.4-ha bare field (27.2% clay, 61.7% fine and coarse loam) with simultaneous measurements of backscattering coefficients (5.3 GHz, HH polarization, 15° incidence angle). Regression lines between backscattering coefficient and volumetric water content were calculated taking into account different soil depths (0-1, 0-2, 0-3, 0-4, 0-5, 0-6, 0-7, and 0-10 cm). Two methods for estimating soil surface moisture contents were proposed. In the first one, moisture contents for an arbitrary soil depth were directly extracted from a single "backscattering coefficient/water content" calibration line. The second method combined several calibration lines relative to several arbitrary soil depths. Results showed that (1) under drying periods (5 days) the methods led generally to moderately biased or unbiased water balances, (2) both errors due to the backscattering coefficient measurements and calibration line parameters had little effect on water balance estimations (≤10%), and (3) under evaporation conditions (5 days) or combined evaporation and infiltration phases (15 days), numerous soil surface boundary conditions versus time should be available to avoid wrong water balance estimates. Under evaporation conditions, one soil surface moisture content per day appeared satisfactory when it corresponded to the mean daily soil surface moisture content. Under combined evaporation and infiltration conditions, results depended strongly on the precise position of water content boundary conditions versus time, connected with rainfall sequences.


The WMAP mission has mapped the full sky to determine the geometry, content, and evolution of the universe. Full sky maps are made in five microwave frequency bands to separate the temperature anisotropy of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) from foreground emission, including diffuse Galactic emission and Galactic and extragalactic point sources. We define masks that excise regions of high foreground emission, so CMB analyses can be carried out with minimal foreground contamination. We also present maps and spectra of the individual emission components, leading to an improved understanding of Galactic astrophysical processes. The effectiveness of template fits to remove foreground emission from the WMAP data is also examined. These efforts result in a CMB map with minimal contamination and a demonstration that the WMAP CMB power spectrum is insensitive to residual foreground emission. We use a Maximum Entropy Method to construct a model of the Galactic emission components. The observed total Galactic emission matches the model to <1% and the individual model components are accurate to a few percent. We find that the Milky Way resembles other normal spiral galaxies between 408 MHz and 23 GHz, with a synchrotron spectral index that is flattest (βs ∼ −2.5) near star-forming regions, especially in the plane, and steepest (βs ∼ −3) in the halo. This is consistent with a picture of relativistic cosmic ray electron generation in star-forming regions and diffusion and convection within the plane. The significant synchrotron index steepening out of the plane suggests a diffusion process in which the halo electrons are WMAP is the result of a partnership between Princeton University and NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center. Scientific guidance is provided by the WMAP Science Team. Code 685, Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771 Science Systems and Applications, Inc. (SSAI), 10210 Greenbelt Road, Suite 600 Lanham, Maryland 20706 Dept. of Physics, Jadwin Hall, Princeton, NJ 08544 Dept of Astrophysical Sciences, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544 UCLA Astronomy, PO Box 951562, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1562 Dept. of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC Canada V6T 1Z1 National Research Council (NRC) Fellow Depts. of Astrophysics and Physics, EFI and CfCP, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 Dept. of Physics, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912


The Raman spectrum of the ferromagnetic semiconductor HgCr2Se4 (TC = 106 K) and its dependence on temperature and incident photon energy is measured. Five Raman-active modes are found at 65, 157, 168, 210, and 237 cm−1 and are assigned to certain ionic vibrations in the spinel unit cell. The temperature variations of the scattering cross-section for different modes show no pronounced anomalies near the magnetic phase transition at TC but depend significantly on the wavelength of the exciting radiation. The resonance curve at 300 K exhibits two peaks at 1.9 and 2.35 eV superimposed by a broad structure which increases toward low energies.

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Abstract Several geographically distinct mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) lineages of the big brown bat (Eptesicus fuscus) have been documented in North America. Individuals from 2 of these lineages, an eastern and a western form, co-occur within maternity colonies in Colorado. The discovery of 2 divergent mtDNA lineages in sympatry prompted a set of questions regarding possible biological differences between haplotypes. We captured big brown bats at maternity roosts in Colorado and recorded data on body size, pelage color, litter size, roosting and overwintering behaviors, and local distributions. Wing biopsies were collected for genetic analysis. The ND2 region of the mtDNA molecule was used to determine lineage of the bats. In addition, nuclear DNA (nDNA) intron 1 of the β-globin gene was used to determine if mtDNA lineages are hybridizing. Eastern and western mtDNA lineages differed by 10.3% sequence divergence and examination of genetic data suggests recent population expansion for both lineages. Differences in distribution occur along the Colorado Front Range, with an increasing proportion of western haplotypes farther south. Results from nDNA analyses demonstrated hybridization between the 2 lineages. Additionally, no outstanding distinctiveness was found between the mtDNA lineages in natural history characters examined. We speculate that historical climate changes separated this species into isolated eastern and western populations, and that secondary contact with subsequent interbreeding was facilitated by European settlement.


The scientometric analysis has demonstrated that the dialectical interdependence of the formation and destruction processes of soil resources is adequately reflected in both national and international research priorities. Presently, an independent interdisciplinary scientific field, erosion science, with its subject (the process, factors and results of water erosion) and object of study (erosion geosystem) has emerged. New approaches to the assessment of soil reproduction were developed which form the basis of estimating the soil loss tolerance and the formation of the rehabilitation agriculture concepts as well as of the re-naturalisation of geosystems. Promising applications of GIS in erosion science have been identified: information and referencing, monitoring of soil and land, automated mapping, spatial-temporal analysis and modeling, the creation of decision support systems in planning and land management. Integration of GIS with the remote sensing data generates new opportunities in erosion science, particularly in identifying the spatial-temporal dynamics of eroding soils and the quantitative assessment of gulley erosion.


The melliferous plants are plant species on which the bee takes substances, including nectar, pollen and resin to feed and to develop its various products (honey, royal jelly...). It is well known that the products of the hive reflect in quantity and quality the nature of the pollinated plants (Lafleche, 1981). In addition, melliferous plants vary with climatic conditions (G de Layens, 1997). Indeed, Casamance includes three large districts with a very favorable climate for the development of plant species.


"As reported in the literature, studies on the effectiveness of GATT/WTO in enhancing the growth of world trade have produced remarkably different results. Rose (2004a and 2004b), whose work paved the way for an empirical analysis of the impact of GATT/WTO, reported no positive effects. Subsequently, other scholars (Tomz, Goldstein, Rivers 2007a and 2007b; Subramanian and Wei, 2007; Eicher and Henn, 2011, among others) tried to confirm or overturn Rose's result by refining the analysis on econometric or economic grounds but produced ambiguous results. The work described herein contributes to this debate by providing an empirical analysis of the effects of the GATT Kennedy Round (1964-1967) on world trade. Our research question was whether the 1968-1972 multilateral tariff reductions implemented as a result of the Round enhanced trade growth. To address this question, we refined the method with which the effectiveness of GATT/WTO could be measured by accounting for asymmetries across countries and products in the GATT-liberalizing path. We first considered the different levels of GATT-activity participation of its members, and, secondly, after disaggregating imports by products, we measured the effects of tariff reduction on these products for the twenty-nine countries that attended the Round. This preliminary version of our paper focused on asymmetries across countries, and our findings indicated that the Kennedy Round had a positive effect on the imports of those countries that reduced tariffs significantly. We further demonstrated GATT's negative or insignificant effect on average GATT members and showed that non-GATT members traded less than members. Our preliminary results are consistent with the history and design of GATT and are exactly in line with the path of liberalization."


The dielectric strength of potential wiring insulation, recommended by NASA Lewis Research Center to replace existing M81381 (polyimide), was evaluated at high temperature. Results, given in view-graph format, show that their is no dependence of breakdown strength on temperature for the constructions tested and that their was little effect of frequency on the breakdown characteristics.


his study aims to determine the effect of the Numbered Heads Together type of cooperative learning model on students' communication skills in class IV social studies content at SDN Gugus 01 Pringgarata District, Central Lombok in 2018/2019 academic year. This research is an experimental study of the type of Quasi-Experimental Design Type of Nonequivalent Control Group Design. The sampling technique used is Purposive Sampling, which considers all kinds of aspects in determining the sample. The method of data collection is observation in the form of student observation sheets or direct observations and rubrics as a reference for assessment. The data obtained were then analyzed using the t-test polled variance formula to determine the effect of the use of the Numbered Heads Together type of cooperative learning model on students' communication skills. Based on the post-test results, the average value of students' communication skills in the experimental class was 75.9 and the control class was 67.8. The results of the t-test calculation obtained that the t-count value is greater than t-table namely, the t-count value is 2.84 while the t-table is 2.006 at a significance level of 5%. Thus, it can be concluded that Ha is accepted and Ho is rejected, which means that there is a positive and significant effect between the Numbered Heads Together type of cooperative learning model on students' communication skills in social studies content for class IV SDN Gugus 01 Pringgarata sub-district, Central Lombok in the 2018/2019 academic year.


Abstract : My testimony will discuss the costs and consequences of PTSD, depression, and TBI among servicemembers returning from Operations Enduring Freedom and Iraqi Freedom, as well as several recommendations for better understanding and reducing these costs. These recommendations stem from a large study conducted at the RAND Corporation entitled Invisible Wounds of War: Psychological and Cognitive Injuries, Their Consequences, and Services to Assist Recovery (Tanielian and Jaycox [Eds.], 2008). I served on the management team for this report, and co-led the analysis of economic costs undertaken for the study.


K 2FeO 4 has been synthesized by oxidation of hypochlorite,and this preparation method has been improved.The purity of K 2FeO 4 can be accurately determined by the method of sodium arsenate.Under diffrent conditions,the reduction results of S 2- and CN - in sample of water by K 2FeO 4 has been studied.


The production capacity and demand of PVC around the world,especially in China,were analyzed.The future of the PVC market in the world was forecasted.In recent years,the situation of supply and demand of the global market of PVC changed little.Both the production and demand exhibited stable growth trend,especially in the Asia-Pacific area.China has become a big country of production and consumption of PVC.The PVC industry in China has been developimg well thanks to the increasing demand and the execution of anti-damping policies.The production capacities will be expanded largely in the upcoming years.At the same time,the PVC industry will make profit,but also will face the cruel competition.


On behalf of the Board of Trustees, it is a pleasure to report The Foundation of the American Society of Neuroradiology again experienced substantial financial and programmatic growth in fiscal year 2016. Due to the generosity of our donors, the Foundation continues to support and develop new opportunities for cutting edge research endeavors. Your contributions are critical in demonstrating the value of neuroimaging through our research and education.


In 1995, 43 Essex County, New Jersey, children received school nurse directly observed therapy (DOT) for tuberculosis. School-year adherence was 78.5% compared to summer adherence at 93.5%. The only nurse-involved adherence enhancement was individualized education. In early 1996, nurses completed a questionnaire determining DOT challenges. A cross-sectional study later emphasized nurse characteristics and DOT problems and successes. Problems were categorized as student, student's family, school administration, and school environment. The assessment elicited problem resolutions as education, skills training, and resources; 26% of nurses indicated eliminating school DOT. There were statistically insignificant relationships between nurses' personal characteristics or reported barriers and student adherence. Resulting interventions included needs-appropriate individual and group education, pediatric nurse case management, and dosing procedure changes. As a result, the 1996 school-based DOT adherence rate increased to 91.1% and continued to be above 90% for 3 consecutive years.


The invention discloses a pyrrolic amide compound shown in the formula I or its crystal form, pharmaceutically acceptable salts, hydrates or solvates. In the formula I, R1 represents hydrogen, hydroxyl, a cyano group, a halogen, carboxyl or C1-C6 alkyl, R2 represents hydrogen, hydroxyl, a cyano group or a halogen, R3 represents hydroxyl, X is a group selected from the structural formulas shown the description, m is 0, 1, 2 or 3 and n is 0, 1 or 2. The invention provides the novel compound shown in the formula I and the novel compound has good histone deacetylase inhibition activity.


Cars in particular with openable roof and with a vehicle seat which is associated with an air supply means (18) which is arranged at least one in the upper area of the seat (12) air outlet opening (16) through which the head, shoulder and neck area of the seat occupant , especially when the roof is open, is acted upon by a stream of warm air, wherein a heating system for the interior (10) of the motor vehicle is provided, characterized in that the air supply means (18) of the vehicle seat (12) during a heating phase the interior space (10) of the the motor vehicle is heated and has a seat occupancy detection, which regulates the air supply means (18) for supplying the head, shoulder and neck area of the seat occupant when this occupies the vehicle seat.


A touch screen display apparatus and method for the preparation of a separation distance of the electrodes having uniformly maintain resistance film type touch panel, in which it is provided. Touch the resistive panel includes a lower substrate and a porous polymer layer that faces the upper substrate, the upper substrate. An upper substrate, the first electrode is formed on the lower substrate, a second electrode facing the first electrode is formed. The porous polymer layer is interposed between the first electrode and the second electrode is uniformly spaced-apart distance between the first electrode and the second electrode. The porous polymeric layer has a number of openings are formed to be the second electrode is in contact with each other and the first electrode when contact of the external object. On the touch screen display apparatus bottom board will be replaced by the array substrate or a light guide plate, the top board is replaced with a polarizing plate. Therefore, improving the picture quality displayed by the touch panel, and the thickness of the touch screen display device is reduced. Display device, a touch panel, an electrode, a porous polymer, the thickness


Spontaneous atraumatic axillary artery bleeding is an unusual clinical entity. Axillary artery bleeding is associated with a high mortality rate. Vascular fragility is defined as a decrease in blood vessel resistance, and increased vascular fragility is one of the reasons for arterial bleeding. In this report, we present a case of spontaneous axillary artery bleeding in a heart transplant recipient.


In order to realize the accurate determination of coal mine gas content, the coring robot in coal mine witch can keep the pressure and gas of original location is developed. The robot is composed of power head, feeding device, hydraulic pump station and control system. The coiled tubing is connected with the coring device to complete the lifting and lowering of the coring device, so as to reduce the influence of the rotation from the core tube at the bottom of the hole. A cable was built in the coiled tubing to transmit the signal from the hole. The robot consists of two tracked vehicles which can move independently. The quality of the core surface is guaranteed. The test of coring robot was carried out on the ground, and the performance reached the technical index, which meets the requirements of the coring instrument.


We study the optimal control of a shuttle system consisting of a single infinite-capacity carrier transporting passengers between two terminals. Passengers arrive according to independent Poisson processes, and at only one of the terminals can the dispatcher hold the carrier for more passengers. Our objective: to determine dispatching rules that minimize the long-run average of a linear passenger-waiting-time cost and a charge per trip made by the carrier. When complete information about the system state is available, and travel times are not random, we prove that it is best to dispatch the carrier if, and only if, the total number of passengers waiting at both terminals is greater than a cutoff value. To compute this cutoff value, we propose an iterative method and find that we can approximate it quite well by a simple function of system costs and parameters similar to the economic-lot-size formula. We propose a dispatching rule which may not be optimal for the case when only the number of passengers waiting at one terminal is known, and we compare its efficiency to that of the optimal rule that uses complete information. We outline extensions to other optimality criteria and to the case of stochastic travel times.


Due to the rapid changing environment many organizations are striving to achieve agility and flexibility in internal and external environments. In order for an enterprise to be able to respond to t ...


Are high-frequency realized measures profitable for low-frequency investment? I compare the profitability of the same investment strategy against two implementations of its trading signals: one that conventionally uses daily returns (LF) and the other that takes advantage of high-frequency (HF) returns. I use different lengths of the formation period to verify if the HF implementation can leverage the superior amount of observations. Although economic differences favour the HF implementation, the evidence is not statistically significant. Nonetheless, the HF implementation is more robust to the choice of parameters and provides, for the most illiquid stocks, strong economic benefits that are inversely increasing in the length of the formation period.


Representation in policy, research and service delivery from populations most affected by HIV is essential to optimize responses to the HIV pandemic. For years, research and policy has been strengthened through the advocacy of communities most affected by HIV [1]. However, not all highly affected groups have been able to fully participate. One such highly affected key population is the criminal justice involved, defined as individuals who are currently detained or have been in detention. This group has had minimal representation on policy committees and limited visibility at major HIV conferences. Greater involvement of criminal justice involved people living with HIV around the world is essential to most effectively address the specific HIV treatment and prevention challenges faced by this population. Globally, the criminal justice involved population is large and is disproportionately burdened with HIV. There are an estimated 10.3 million sentenced inmates; adding former inmates to this population increases it by as much as 10-fold [2]. The HIV prevalence in this population generally exceeds that of local non-detained populations [3]. For example, in the United States approximately 14% of all people living with HIV pass through the correctional system annually [4,5]. In southern Africa, a quarter or more of inmates are living with HIV; high prevalence has also been reported from countries in West and East Africa [4]. In Eastern Europe and Central Asia approximately 5% to 19%, in the Asia Pacific Region 3% to 9% and in Latin America and the Caribbean 3% to 11% of inmates are living with HIV [4,6]. The reasons that justice involved individuals have a higher HIV prevalence than the general populations include living in impoverished and marginalized areas, lack of access to prevention, sexual violence (in and outside of correctional environments) and injection drug use [4,7]. Challenges specific to justice involved populations during incarceration have global commonality as well as regional variation. In sub-Saharan Africa overcrowding, poor nutrition and limited access to health services are common [8]. Crowded conditions, lack of infection control and high HIV prevalence also create a high risk environment for TB transmission in Africa and similarly in Eastern Europe and Asia [6,9,10]. Physical, psychological and sexual abuse by corrections staff and other inmates (sometimes officially or unofficially empowered by corrections staff) threaten the physical and mental health of inmates around the world [7,11]. Access to HIV prevention in the form of condoms, pre-exposure prophylaxis, post-exposure prophylaxis and sexual violence reduction programming are often inadequate or generally lacking in correctional facilities in most of the world. Punitive policies regarding sexuality and limitations on access to medical care further increase vulnerability to HIV infection and progression of HIV disease [7,8]. Furthermore, in settings with ART availability, transfers between pre-trail detention and post-sentencing detention or between correctional facilities after sentencing may lead to gaps in medication provision [12]. This prevented ART adherence for one of the authors (DTN), when he was transferred from one correctional facility to another in South Africa and created an adherence challenge when he was eventually released from incarceration. Vulnerability to HIV infection and poor health outcomes persist beyond confinement. Discriminatory hiring, health service, housing and social service practices as well as stigma related to justice involvement are routinely encountered following release, extending the potential health impact of incarceration long after release [2]. In addition, incarceration is characterized by psychological adaptations including dependence on institutional structure with diminished self-initiative, hypervigilance, interpersonal distrust, alienation, psychological distancing and social withdrawal [13,14]. Translating a general awareness of the challenges faced by the justice involved into the development of optimal policy, research and programmes is best achieved through inclusion of this population in decision making. However, giving voice to this critical perspective will not come easily. Following Ndlovu DT and Hoffmann CJ Journal of the International AIDS Society 2018, 21:e25145 http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/jia2.25145/full | https://doi.org/10.1002/jia2.25145


Introduction Physical activity plays an important role in all stages of development, especially in adolescence, as it is a period in which different lifestyles are shaped. Therefore, regular practice of physical activity contributes to an improvement in quality of life. This study analyzed university students' motivational processes and intention to be physically active when engaging in physical activity (PA) according to gender and fields of study. Methods A total of 1.524 subjects participated in the study, 61.9% (n = 944) of whom were female and 38.1% (n = 580) were male, with an average age of 19.61 years. The fields of study consisted of Arts and Humanities (n = 118), Science (n = 132), Health Sciences (n = 351), Engineering and Architecture (n = 196) and Social and Legal Sciences (n = 727). The instruments used were the Behavioral Regulation in Exercise Questionnaire (BREQ-3) and the Intention to be Physically Active in the University Context (MIFAU) measurement scale. Results The results showed statistically significant differences in favour of men (p <0.01) in terms of intrinsic, integrated, identified, and introjected regulation of PA. Similarly, men were more likely to be physically active in the future than women (p <0.001). In terms of the study variables relating to the fields of study, statistically significant differences were obtained in the case of both more self-determined behavior (intrinsic, integrated and identified regulation) and amotivation (p <0.001). Conclusion It was concluded that there is a need for the promotion of intervention strategies to encourage young adults to take up sporting activities as a means of preventing noncommunicable diseases, thereby avoiding the negative consequences of a sedentary lifestyle, physical inactivity, or abandonment of such activities.


the paper deals with the issue concerning the conflict among organizational areas, in particular between end-areas - responsible for accomplishing the mission of the company - and support areas. The authors discuss the several kinds of conflicts presented in literature about organizations, and identify both the causes that generate them and impasse mechanismos. They call special attention to the new proposal of organization, wich suggest a new design fot the so-called staff areas. They make some considerations based on the testimonies from officers of public institutions, in wich the issue of the means-institutions "reign"has been a conversial matter. They conclude offering suggestions on how to administer the organizational conflicts, emphasizing the participant management as one of the most effective ways.


Zebrafish has been widely used in biomedical experiments. However, the injection of zebrafish larvae is complicated due to their small sizes and large variations. In this paper, an automatic high-throughput microinjection system dedicated to batch injection of zebrafish larvae is designed and developed for the first time. The specially designed microarray petri dish combined with machine vision feedback enables high-efficiency automatic identification and injection of zebrafish larvae. The feasibility of the system is proved by conducting a series of experiments. The experimental results show that the system works fast and ensures stable success rate and survival rate for the microinjection. The system can be used in various biomedical experiments of zebrafish injection to liberate the experimenter from manual operation. It can improve the experimental efficiency, and hence provides a fast and stable injection way for inexperienced experimenters.


An interview with researcher William von Hippel of the University of Queensland is presented. He discusses his research on the relationship between charisma and quick thinking. When asked about the relationship between social interaction and speed in recalling facts, he suggests that mental speed may have evolved as a way for humans to interact with each other more effectively. He also discusses social skills and the relationship between IQ and charisma.


The generation of wind power is dependent on wind speed, which can be challenging to control and predict due to its variable nature. By analysing the link between wind speed and power output, regression models for wind power curve modelling can help anticipate and optimise wind power generation. For the purpose of forecasting wind power, the authors of this study experimented with a number of regression models, including KNeighborsRegressor, Decision TreeRegressor, and ExtraTreesRegressor. They discovered that wind speed significantly affected power output and that regression modelling was a useful strategy for forecasting and maximising wind power generation. Compared to other models, the ExtraTreesRegressor model performed better.


The greatest share of field crop production (88% оf corn, 73% wheat, 65% sunflower and about 50% of soybean and sugar beet production) in Serbia may be attributed to family farms. Efficiency of crop production will largely depend on the achieved yields and sale prices on one hand and the production costs on the other. Based on the results obtained, different economic indices can be expected contributing to the successfulness of farm management. Can the results obtained meet the needs of the producers depends on the social and economic ambience of the family farm. Afterall, depending on the income earned the producer will decide with regard to his future activities in the sector. Using the method of questionnaire the study focused on 24 family farms involved in field crop production in order to explore the impact of farm size and field crop production structure on the income achieved.


The studied results of the transpiration characteristics of sunflower leaves in blooming period showed that the transpiration at different leaf positions of sunflower was obviously distinct, and the peak appeared in the leaves from the middle to up at 12∶30 in a day, with the highest value of 23.44μE(H2O)·m-2·s-1 at the 12th leaf, and daily changes of transpiration rate at different leaves appeared single peak curves. The influences of environmental factors on transpiration were comprehensive and the impact of each factor on transpiration was obviously different in daily change. Both photons flux density and leaf temperature had significant positive correlation with transpiration at 8∶30 am, but relative humidity had significant positive correlation with transpiration at 8∶30 am or at 10∶30 am, and at any other time they were not significantly correlated. Photons flux density were negatively correlated with transpiration at 10∶30 am or at 14∶30 pm, but at 12∶30 pm or 18∶30 pm, there was no significant correlation except that leaf temperature was negatively correlated with transpiration at 10∶30 am, they were not significantly correlated at any other time.


The characteristic mode (CM) theory for analyzing the resonant behaviors of arbitrarily shaped dielectric bodies is further discussed based on the well-known PMCHW formulation. A careful investigation into the CM formulation developed in the 1970s finds that it fails to provide modal solutions with clear underlying physics for the dielectric resonators. To fix this problem, we propose a new generalized eigenvalue equation involving only the electric current on the equivalent surface. Moreover, a generalized eigenvalue equation involving only the magnetic current is also proposed for the CM analysis of the dielectric resonators. It is actually a dual CM formulation of the previous one. The two generalized eigenvalue equations are independent of each other and yield exactly the same CMs. The CMs can accurately describe the resonant behavior and modal fields of a dielectric resonator. Numerical results are presented to validate the proposed CM formulations.


The transportation sector is the largest and fastest-growing imported oil consuming sector in India. This paper reviews the growth of the sector in recent decades and characterizes its current demand, supply, and energy consumption. Two analyses, one of the social, political, and physical infrastructure constraints on the sector and the other of the government's policies, plans and five-year budget are summarized. The paper concludes that without good planning the transportation sector may hinder rather than support the country's development, not only because the cost of imported transportation fuels reduces the ability to import other goods needed for development but because the sector could become insufficient for the required internal distribution. Several suggestions for planning and research projects are presented. (Author)


Cars are the most essential and important means of transportation to modern people. However, the service paradigm of cars, which were just a simple means of transportation in the past, is being changed in combination with recent IT technology. In-Vehicle Infotainment system (IVI), with this flow, is not only playing an existing navigation role. However, unlike mobile OS market which Android and IOS occupy the most, the Invehicle infotainment market is still in competition. Technical competition of related companies gets deepened to preoccupy this new market, and IT companies are also participating in competition one after another. Typically, GENIVI to establish Linux based open-source IVI platform, Android Auto of Google, Car Play of Apple, Window Embedded, Car2 of QNX, and Tizen IVI of Samsung are those companies. Therefore, the 3rd party companies have inconvenience having to configure their own services so that they will match with each platform. On the other hand, the services based on HTML 5 standard can reactively respond to hardware like screen size, unlike existing native services, and have advantage that they can promptly correct, distribute existing service so that they will meet the demand of consumers in rapidly changing market. Therefore, this study is going to design and implement In-Vehicle Infotainment system based on opensource and HTML 5 standard. So this study is going to provide the service which is independent in any in-vehicle OS platforms and can promptly deal with the demand of consumers through the design and implement of In-Vehicle Infotainment Application based on HTML 5 and open-source.


A new estimation method for the dimension of a regression at the outset of an analysis is proposed. A linear subspace spanned by projections of the regressor vector X, which contains part or all of the modelling information for the regression of a vector Y on X, and its dimension are estimated via the means of parametric inverse regression. Smooth parametric curves are fitted to the p inverse regressions via a multivariate linear model. No restrictions are placed on the distribution of the regressors. The estimate of the dimension of the regression is based on optimal estimation procedures. A simulation study shows the method to be more powerful than sliced inverse regression in some situations.


Fushun area,especial in Qingyuan,in rich in gold mineral resources.Hard rock deposits can be briefly classified into three types,namely magma-hydrothermal gold deposit,(sub)volcanic hydrothermal deposit and sedimentary-metamorphic gold deposit.The metallurgenic regularities for three types of deposits are summarized,ore forming model is set up and suggestion for ore prospecting is proposed based on the analysis on mineral deposit geological characters and ore controlling factors.


This cross-sectional study examines the prescription fills of commonly prescribed outpatient antibiotics in the US through the end of 2020.


In this paper we study about the impact of education of mothers on sharing behavior among children. In this research paper the approach taken by mothers in raising a child has been long considered a major influence on the child's later development. Child rearing attitudes are a complex set of sharing behaviors influenced by a wide range of factors including cultural and religious background, mother's personality, gender, academic level, marital satisfaction (Belsky and Fearon, 2004) and child temperament etc. The relationship between these factors and child rearing examined by any previous studies are rare (Kendler et al., 1997).


The ability of the termination shock as a particle accelerator is totally unknown. Voyager spacecraft data and recent kinetic numerical simulations revealed that the compression ratio of the termination shock is rather low due to the presence of pickup ions, i.e., the termination shock appears to be a weak shock. Nevertheless, two Voyager spacecraft observed not only high energy ions called termination shock particles, which are non-thermal but less energetic compared to the so-called anomalous cosmic rays, but also non-thermal electrons. In this study we focus especially on microstructure of the termination shock and the associated electron acceleration process by performing one-dimensional full particle-in-cell (PIC) simulations. The electron acceleration efficiently occurs through a shock drift acceleration mechanism when a shock angle becomes oblique. In the oblique termination shock a new type of self-reformation is seen even if a relative pickup ion density is not small (30%). Variations of the energy distribution functions of the accelerated electrons are discussed for a couple of parameter sets.


We pose and solve the equivalence problem for subspaces of Pn, the (n + 1) di- mensional vector space of univariate polynomials of degree n. The group of interest is SL2 acting by projective transformations on the Grassmannian variety GkPn of k-dimensional subspaces. We establish the equivariance of the Wronski map and use this map to reduce the subspace equivalence problem to the equivalence problem for binary forms.


The introduction (section 1) presents the general subject-matter of the thesis: the quantitative measurement of the geometric properties of real algebraic varieties, and especially their triangulation. Section 2 explains a fast and certified subdivision procedure triangulating an algebraic plane curve. The mathematical tools are the topological degree, and the Bernstein's polynomial basis. Section 3 is a copy of an article explaining the subdivision method for smooth surfaces in Rn. It includes a complexity analysis. Section 4 presents a quantitative version of Thom-Mather's topological triviality for singular semi-algebraic maps. Stem from it: A "metrically stable" version of the local conic structure theorem and of the existence of a "Milnor tube" around strata. A triangulation algorithm based on Vorono˘i partitions (not completely implementable because the effective estimation of transversality is not completely detailed). Section 5 is a copy of an article published in 2008 on a sweeping method to compute the topology of singular surfaces in R3. It is based on Thom-Mathers theorem. Section 6 presents a bound on the generic number of connected components in an affine section of a real analytic germ in terms of the multiplicity and of the dimension of the ambient space. The bound does not always apply and counter-examples are given in that case.


This paper uses mortality fan charts to illustrate prospective future male mortality. These fan charts show both the most likely path of male mortality and the bands of uncertainty surrounding that path. The fan charts are based on a model of male mortality that is known to provide a good fit to UK mortality data. The fan charts suggest that there are clear limits to longevity—that future mortality rates are very uncertain and tend to become more uncertain the further ahead the forecast—and that forecasts of future mortality uncertainty must also take account of uncertainty in the parameters of the underlying mortality model.


This study investigates the relationship between total length (TL) and fork length (FL), girth (G), height (H) and width (W) of red mullet (Mullus barbatus) (n = 953) and annular sea bream (Diplodus annularis) (n = 944) collected during trawl selectivity trials carried out in Izmir Bay between July 1996 and February 1997. The FL, G, H and W of red mullet were 89, 53, 20 and 11% of the TL, respectively. For annular sea bream these values were 91, 80, 34 and 11%, respectively. The ratios for average body thickness (W/H) were 0.573 for red mullet and 0.319 for annular sea bream. The hanging ratios (ERM and EASB) of codends designed to ease the escape of juveniles of these species were 0.497 for red mullet and 0.304 for annular sea bream.


The flow field in the pipe system of pile extractor of a jack-up oil platform is simulated by solving Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) equations, which is closed by two equation turbulence model. Several different kinds of fluid were considered in the numerical simulation. Pressure distribution on the inner surface of the pipes and the jetting flow rate were calculated, and some flow details were shown. The design of the pile extractor of jack-up platform can be optimized by analyzing the characteristics of the flow in the pipe system.


U n t i l recently women have figured only marginally at best in historians' accounts of Canada. In particular their participation in waged employment has gone almost without comment. In as much as any tradition with respect to the experience of female wageearners can be ascertained it is generally one of two types which for the purposes of this paper wi l l be labelled 'liberal-progressive' and 'leftist. ' The first, following the lead of early twentieth century reformers, distinguishes between professional employments such as teaching which could be viewed as an index of a society's advance toward greater democracy, and industrial jobs such as those in textile production which were condemned as especially exploitative and damaging to female physiology. Such admiration or condemnation, often implici t rather than explicit, is also rarely of any length, subordinated as accounts are to discussions of political and macro-economic issues i n which women rarely figure. These accounts give more prominence to the vote than


This paper describes a long term view for semiconductor metrology and inspection which, at $2.3 billion, was approximately 10% of the front end equipment market in 1997. Topics covered include consumption patterns for each of the major categories of measurement equipment, consolidation among capital equipment suppliers, and the business implications of integrated measurement and sensing in next generation process equipment.


The present work describes a new approach to the estimation of the properties of ternary slags from the respective binaries. The novelty of the present approach is that it can be applied to both systems with complete solubility in liquid state as well as to those with limited ternary solubilities. The method is equally successful for thermochemical as well as for thermophysical properties of ternary slags. Several successful applications of this new model in predicting viscosity, surface tension, density have been demonstrated in the case of a number of ternary slags in liquid state, as for example, RexOy-CaF2-SiO2 (where Re is a rare earth metal), SiO2-TiO2-MnO, SiO2-CaO-Al2O3, BaO-FeO-Fe2O3, SiO2-MnO-CaO etc. The method has also been extended to predications for electrical conductivities and sulphide capacities. One of the salient features of this approach is that it can be applied to both ternary systems with a limited solubility area as well those that exhibit total miscibility in the entire composition range. In view of all of applications of this new method, the mass triangle model offers really a powerful and efficient tool for estimation various properties of molten system based only on limited experimental information.


The fluorescence/phosphorescence excitation spectra, the dispersed fluorescence/phosphorescence spectra
and the sensitized phosphorescence excitation spectrum have been measured for jet-cooled p-benzoquinone.
The assignments of vibronic bands in the 1B1g(n-,π∗) ← 1Ag and 1Au(n+,π∗) ← 1Ag transitions
have been definitely established. The phosphorescence spectra from vibronic levels of 3Au exhibit a
feature of single vibronic level emission. The 3Au ← 1Ag transition was also vibrationally analyzed.


This paper considers the problem of positive real control for uncertain 2-D discrete systems in the General Model. The parameter uncertainty is assumed to be norm-bounded. The purpose is the design of state feedback controllers such that the closed-loop system is stable and the closed-loop transfer function is extend- ed strictly positive real. In terms of a linear matrix inequality, a condition for the solvability of the problem is obtained, and a desired state feedback controllers is given. Finally, we provide a numerical example to demo- nstrate the applicability of the proposed approach.


The corrosion inhibition of aluminium in hydrochloric acid solution by xanthan gum has been studied using weight loss measurements tech- nique. Results show that xanthan gum inhibited aluminium dissolution in 0.5 M HCl solution and the inhibition was found to increase with increasing concentration of the inhibitor. Also, inhibition efficiency increased with rise in temperature. The activation energy, Ea as well as other thermodynamic parameters (Qads, ΔGads, ΔH o and ΔS o ) for the inhibition process was calculated and results obtained corroborated the proposed inhibition mechanism. The corrosion inhibition of aluminium in 0.5 M HCl solution by xanthan gum has been suggested to occur by adsorption at the metal/solution interface following Temkin adsorption isotherm. Polarization measurements indicate that xanthan gum is a mixed type inhibitor with pronounced cathodic inhibitive effect. Index Terms - Acid inhibition, Adsorption, Aluminium, Polymer, Temkin isotherm, Weight loss, Xanthan gum. ——————————  ——————————


Suppose that h ≥1, min{n1,n2,…,nh+1}=m≥3 H1= Pn1, ×… × Pnh+1 is a grid and H2 = Cn1, ×…×Cnh+1, is a torus. Let t(H) denote the number of spanning trees in a graph H. In this paper. it is proved that


the book Boundaries: the new neuroscience of connecting brains with machines - and how it will change our lives" the relationship between body and mind, inquiring about the distinct strands formulated investigations and experiments the beginning of its a significant of investigations at understanding the probable connections between human thought and behavior. Objectively, the research presents the human brain and the new discov-eries possible by was Experiments shown significant results including rodent and primate studies through the brain-to-brain interface that resulted in the BrainNet paradigm of


Lea Grosen Jørgensen: "The Viking's Undying Song – A Comparison of Old Norse Poems and Heroic Portrayals in Vikings (2013-) and Oehlenschläger's Regnar Lodbrok (1849)"
This article discusses the portrayal of the legendary Viking Regnar Lodbrok in Michael Hirst's TV series Vikings and Adam Oehlenchläger's Romantic poem Regnar Lodbrok. Focusing on the incorporation of the Old Norse death song "Krákumál" in both the series and the poem, the article shows that the reinterpretations of the death song determine the versions of the Viking hero. Reinventing the hero after the fashion of their own age, as either a modern self-made hero or as a tender warrior-skald , Hirst and Oehlenschläger contribute to the perception of the Viking Age in the twenty-first and the nineteenth century, respectively.


RESULTS — A total of 140 men and 63 women developed diabetes. The predictive clinical variables were waist circumference and hypertension in both sexes, smoking in men, and diabetes in the family in women. Discrimination, as measured by the area under the receiver operating curves (AROCs), were 0.713 for men and 0.827 for women, a little higher than for the Finish Diabetes Risk (FINDRISC) score, with fewer variables in the score. Combining clinical and biological variables, the predictive equation included fasting glucose, waist circumference, smoking, and -glutamyltransferase for men and fasting glucose, BMI, triglycerides, and diabetes in family for women. The number of TCF7L2 and IL6 deleterious alleles was predictive in both sexes, but after including the above clinical and biological variables, this variable was only predictive in women (P 0.03) and the AROC statistics increased only marginally.


Resilience and Aging: Research and Practice By Helen Lavretsky Johns Hopkins University Press. 2014. £26.10 (hb). 272 pp. ISBN 9781421414980

Resilience, with its positive connotations, has become a buzz word in mental healthcare and research. So this volume, which gives a broad overview of what


The aim of this study was to analyze the perceptions of professionals and seniors from five equipments of social assistance to elderly adults in the city of Sao Paulo concerning to aging, old age, Gerontology and the professional role played by gerontologist. The equipments were linked to the Unified Social Assistance Services (USAS): two equipments offered Basic Social Protection and three Special Social Protection. This research was an exploratory and descriptive study that used the orientation of the ethnographic method in collecting, processing and analysis of data from in-depth interview. 12 older adults and 10 professionals were interviewed. There were two dichotomous categories related to old age and aging: The conception of healthy and active aging, versus, old age and aging as a process of loss and decline, which refers to disability and loss of social roles. Old age is treated more as a feeling, than an age category itself. Few respondents reported know Gerontology, being informed about the scope and applications of their field of study. According to narratives, the gerontologist were: instructors, researchers, administrators, counselors, and professionals who will develop educational interventions. The data can contribute to understand the needs of elderly and professionals in these services from their own perceptions, discussing appropriated ways to different cultural specificities of management attention and integration of elderly adults in the social equipments.
Key-words: old age; aging; Gerontology, gerontologist.


Lead exposure threatens scavenging wildlife globally. For inexpensive estimation of lead concentration in bones from avian scavengers, portable X-ray fluorescence (XRF) devices have been trialed. However, portable XRF has not been validated for tissue lead measurement in non-human mammalian scavengers. We evaluated portable XRF for hair lead measurement in the endangered Tasmanian devil (Sarcophilus harrisii). We first analyzed large (∼1.0 g) hair samples from 39 deceased animals from southeastern Tasmania via portable XRF and then inductively-coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) (validation study). We then measured lead concentrations via portable XRF only in 61 small (∼0.1 g) hair samples from live devils from a plantation landscape (plantation study). Portable XRF measures of hair lead levels were positively correlated with ICP-MS values (R2 = 0.61). In the validation study, 95% of sampled Tasmanian devils had relatively low lead levels (< 2 mg/kg), but the remaining two showed elevated lead levels (> 15 mg/kg). Mean lead levels in the plantation study and validation study were not significantly different. Our preliminary results suggest that portable XRF can provide a useful measure of differences in lead levels in wildife hair over a coarse scale. We provide recommendations for further research and refinement of this method. Synopsis Portable XRF can provide inexpensive and non-destructive analysis of environmental contaminants in wildlife. We present the first evaluation of portable XRF for analysis of lead contamination in mammalian scavenger hair.


Web Processing builds machines for flocking, but has found little change in the basic process for at least 20 years. To reassess the technology the company carried out a research and development programme in association with other suppliars of complimentary machinery and raw materials aimed at chalfenging the then current outlines the results of this R & D.


How to study to make use of capitalism concerns how to carry out the socialist construction. Both Mao and Deng had done some useful probes into this problem. There are both similarities and dissimilarities between them in dealing with study and use of capitalist thoughts. The ideas they shared have been guiding our construction of modernization so far, and the dissimilarities also once enlightened and benefited us.


Firstly,rad-IF rings are introduced in the paper and the properties of rad-IF rings are discussed.Then some properties of rad-IF rings and QF rings are given on the base of radical coherent rings.Finally,we discuss rad-flat dimensions and some properties of rad-flat modules and rad-regular rings are also given.


An ultra-low power Successive Approximation Register (SAR) ADC in 65nm CMOS technology is proposed to satisfy the requirements of bio-potential acquisition system. The ADC achieves 62-dB SNDR at 5-KHz sampling frequency. The total power consumption is 112nW with a supply voltage of 1.2V and the core chip area is 0.021mm2.


AbstractNappe flow applies to small discharges, and investigation of nappe flow surges helps to understand the mechanism of water flow in stepped open channels. The objective of this paper is to in...


We present ultra-dense-SDM Super-Nyquist-WDM transmission over 9.8-km six-mode nineteen-core fibers with a spatial multiplicity of 114, achieving a transmission capacity of 2.05 Pbit/s with a record aggregate spectral efficiency of 456 bit/s/Hz in C band.


We report a two-dimensional simulation study of a dopingless TFET with a hetero-gate dielectric. The energy band gap on the source side is modulated using a hetero-gate-dielectric in a dopingless TFET to increase the source-side tunneling rate. The use of a hetero-gate-dielectric, only on the source side, will ensure that the ambipolar current is not enhanced due to the drain-side tunneling. We demonstrate that the dopingless TFET with a hetero-gate dielectric exhibits an enhanced ON-state current and a reduced subthreshold swing when compared to a conventional dopingless TFET. Since a low thermal budget is required for fabricating the dopingless TFETs, our results indicate that high performance dopingless TFETs can be realized for low-power and low-cost applications using our approach.


Throughout the latter half of the 20th century, many developing economies adopted a set of economic policies in order to transition to market economy. Reforms were introduced either simultaneously or gradually, fuelling the debate over whether the so-called shock-therapy reforms were more beneficial or less beneficial to growth than gradual reforms. This study focuses on the role of the mode of transition in determining the effectiveness of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) on the growth of the Gross Domestic Product (GDP). FDI is valuable for development in transition economies since it has often been a main source of investment for these types of economies. An empirical analysis was conducted using sixty transitioning countries, examining the growth up to sixteen years after the initial reform. The results indicate that there is some evidence of a difference in the effects of FDI inflows on GDP growth between the shock-therapy and gradual reformers.