Summary This study deals with land use and land cover changes for a 33 years period. We assessed these changes for eight land cover classes in the south of Benin by using an integrated multi-temporal analysis using three Landsat images (1972 Landsat MSS, 1986 Landsat TM and 2005 Landsat ETM+). Three scenarios for the future were simulated using a first-order Markovian model based on annual probability matrices. The contribution of tree plantations to compensate forest loss was assessed. The results show a strong loss of forest and savanna, mainly due to increased agricultural land. Natural woody vegetation ("forest", "wooded savanna" and "tree and shrub savanna") will seriously decrease by 2025 due to the expansion of agricultural activities and the increase of settlements. Tree plantations are expected to double by 2025, but they will not compensate for the loss of natural woody vegetation cover. Consequently, we assist to a continuing woody vegetation area decrease. Policies regarding reforestation and forest conservation must be initiated to reverse the currently projected tendencies. Resume Les plantations forestieres ne compenseront pas les pertes de vegetations naturelles boisees dans le Departement de l'Atlantique au sud du


Understanding the nature and values of the public policy and analyzing its main significance is the major topic that is being discussed in the management academic circle.Summarizing the studies on the basic values of the public policy at home and abroad and researching into the limitation scope in implementing the policy,the interaction in policy making and reasonability of the policy procedure and content contributes to deepening the understanding,acknowledging and studying of the public policy.


Forty patients suffering from peptic ulcer were examined for concentrations of leukotrienes B4 and C4 as compared to the activity of myeloperoxidase in the periulcerous zone of the gastric mucosa. 20 healthy persons made up the control. It is assumed that the rise of leukotrienes B4 and C4 concentrations as well as myeloperoxidase activation contribute to chronic inflammation in the periulcerous zone. Chronic inflammation of the gastric mucosa is regarded as an important pathogenetic factor of ulcerogenesis.


Evolution of Model-Driven Spreadsheets Spreadsheets are likely to be one of the most widely used programming environments in the world. Spreadsheet popularity is due to characteristics such as their low entry barrier, their availability on almost any computer, their simple visual interface but mainly due to their flexibility. This flexibility, however, comes with a cost: spreadsheets are extremely error prone, as indicated by several studies. The work presented in this thesis aims at tackling the problem of spreadsheet errors. The strategy described is based on a model-driven approach, and is achieved by embedding spreadsheet models within spreadsheets themselves. This embedding enables users to create models in the same environment that they use for spreadsheet development which is precisely the environment that they are familiar with. Moreover, a set of evolution operations that can be performed on these models and respective instances is defined. In this setting, users interact and evolve both models and spreadsheets in the same coherent environment. This facilitates the establishment and maintenance of a consistency relationship between models and instances throughout the spreadsheet development life cycle, and by this it is expected the reduction of the number of errors that are made and the improvement of productivity in using spreadsheets. Resulting from this work, a prototype was created and is also discussed in this dissertation. This tool can be used to validate the approach followed in this thesis and to provide a foundational framework for future developments.


This study reports the chemical composition of historical brickworks from Franciscan-built church complexes in the Philippines. An old brick sample from the Spanish colonial period church convento at Pagsanjan, Laguna was characterized by atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS), infrared spectroscopy (IR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDX). Conventional hot plate aqua regia (1:3 HNO3:HCl, v/v) digestion method was employed to extract iron, calcium, and magnesium from the brick sample. The combined AAS and EDX results yielded a percentage composition of iron ranging from 5.48 to 6.62%, calcium ranging from 1.50 to 3.72%, while magnesium ranges from 0.083 to 0.12%, respectively. These amounts were compared to a similar AAS and EDX study made on a historical brick sample from Ilocos Norte. The presence of possible pores on the brick's microstructure was confirmed by SEM. Minerals consisting of hematite, kaolinite, illite, quartz, and calcite were present in the sample, as well as trace amounts of other minerals based on IR peak intensities. Upon heating to about 800⁰C using TGA, the loss of bound water from the sample's internal surface structure and the decomposition of brick minerals and carbonates are evident.


Although the use of diet and drug therapy to lower blood cholesterol levels decreases the risk of coronary- artery disease, the relative expense of this approach …


queue, with 0 < ν < 1. We let (N1, N2) be the numbers of customers in the two parallel queues, and let p(m, n) = Prob[N1 = m, N2 = n] be the joint queue length distribution in the steady state. The two arrival rates are λ1 and λ2, the exponential server works at rate μ, and ρ1 = λ1/μ, ρ2 = λ2/μ. If N1 > N2 (N1 < N2), the server works on the first (second) queue, but if N1 = N2, the server works at rate μν on the first queue and rate μ(1 − ν)


Stephen Allen's chapter discusses in detail litigation brought by Chagossians before English courts between 2000 and 2008. This chapter focuses on the status of Chagossians in international law and their right to self-determination. It will also discuss the status of the British Indian Ocean Territory (BIOT ) in international law within the context of the contestation over the BIOT 's sovereignty from Mauritius. Chagossians will only be able to exercise their right to self-determination if they are able to return to their territory; this chapter therefore discusses Chagossians' right to restitution, including their right to return to their homeland, and to receive adequate financial compensation for their forcible removals. This chapter will show that international law prohibits forcible transfer and exile of populations. This chapter will argue that the law of political decolonisation is nonetheless applicable to the Chagos matter. Keywords: British Indian Ocean Territory (BIOT ); Chagossians; international law; stephen allen


By 1830,the year ofJackson's veto,the Maysville Road was no longer terribly important. There were new western regions to conquer and better forms of transportation. For a time, however, the road was " the spine of the most dynamic region of the American West" ( 2). Friend explains the road's early significance,but more importantly he explores its history to the fullest to show how the region participated in profound national developments. Along tbe Maysville Road is a lesson in how scholarship can be firmly rooted in a specific landscape,yet still address the big historical questions.


Structure from motion approach became a powerful mean for scene 3D reconstruction using only a sequence of images from moving camera as initial data. Such a technique has a significant potential for unmanned aerial or unmanned ground vehicles for navigation in unknown environments. Different techniques are used for estimation the 3D structure of a scene such as optical flow approach, feature detection and matching in the set of images, features tracking through a sequence of images. Robustness and accuracy of scene 3D coordinates measurements are the important characteristics of structure from motion algorithms which has to provide the reliability of the navigation. The technique for scene 3D reconstruction using unmanned aerial vehicle imagery is developed based on preliminary features detection and matching in a set of stereo pairs with appropriate basis which allows reaching reasonable accuracy of 3D measurements. The results of accuracy evaluation for two variants of surface 3D reconstruction from image sequence are presented and discussed: for the case of un-calibrated images and for images with known interior orientation. The ways for improving the accuracy of the developed 3D reconstruction technique are discussed.


Aluminum combines comparably good thermal and electrical properties with a low price and a low material weight. These properties make aluminum a promising alternative to copper for a large number of electronic applications, especially when manufacturing high volume components. However, a main obstacle for a wide use of this material is the lack of a reliable joining process for the interconnection of copper and aluminum. The reasons for this are a large misalignment in the physical properties and even more a poor metallurgical affinity of both materials that cause high crack sensitivity and the formation of brittle intermetallic phases during fusion welding. This paper presents investigations on laser micro welding of copper and aluminum with the objective to eliminate brittle intermetallic phases in the welding structure. For these purposes a combination of spot welding, a proper beam offset and special filler material are applied. The effect of silver, nickel and tin filler materials in the form of thin foils and coatings in a thickness range 3-100 μm has been investigated. Use of silver and tin filler materials yields to a considerable improvement of the static and dynamic mechanical stability of welded joints. The analysis of the weld microstructure shows that an application even of small amounts of suitable filler materials helps to avoid critical, very brittle intermetallic phases on the interface between copper and solidified melt in the welded joints.


Carbazochrome sodium sulfonate and glucose injection was determined by HPLC with Kromasil-C8 column (250×4.6mm,5μm)0.12%NH4H2PO4(pH3.0)-ethanol (85∶15) as mobile phase detected at 363nm.The linear range of carbazochrome sodium sulfonate was 0.080—0.120(mg/mL)(r=0.9995).The average recovery was 100.35%.This method is simple , selective and reproducible for the assay of carbazochrome sodium sulfonate.


The truck-mounted ultra-low capacity spraying target is mainly used in the prevention and treatment of the plant's diseases and insects in the urban tree lawn. Then how to differentiate the billboard on the both sides of the streets, especially the green overhead structure billboard, moreover, the change of illumination condition whether to have the influence to the chroma factor's testing, these are the concrete questions which this chapter is involved in. Although, the tree's crown and the green billboard include massive green parameter factor, whether from the three primary colors aspects to carry on transformation processing, to find out the crown target which is different from other chroma factor's combination. The following begins these aspects unique research.


We give an overview of recent results obtained in the study of discrete GinzburgLandau surface spatiotemporal optical solitons ("discrete Ginzburg-Landau surface light bullets") in both one-dimensional and two-dimensional photonic lattices. We analyze spatiotemporal dissipative solitons near the edges of semi-infinite arrays of weekly coupled non-linear waveguides and in the corners or at the edges of truncated two-dimensional photonic lattices and demonstrate the existence of novel classes of continuous-discrete dissipative surface spatiotemporal optical solitons ("dissipative surface light bullets"). We study the existence and stability of these discrete GinzburgLandau surface light bullets and compare their properties with those of the spatiotemporal nonlinear modes located deep inside the oneand two-dimensional photonic lattices. We also describe the scenarios of the instability-induced dynamics of Ginzburg-Landau surface light bullets in both onedimensional and two-dimensional photonic lattices.


This paper focuses on installation art and its potential to employ and elaborate psychological concepts. As Claire Bishop argues, installation art has a psychologically absorptive character because it activates and immerses the viewing subject. To analyze this immersive experience, she refers to Maurice Merleau-Ponty and the premise that subject and object are intertwined and reciprocally interdependent. In this paper I refer to these registers of artistic perception in order to explore the concept of 'excursive object', which was introduced by the contemporary artist and theorist Peter Tzanev in a site-specific installation (Credo Bonum Gallery, Sofia, 2018). It refers to both Elizabeth Helsinger's term 'excursive sight' and to Michel Foucault's notion of 'discursive object'. Whereas the latter is a discursive textual formation, which consists of apparent internal relations inside a statement, the excursive object of art emerges as a less perceivable configuration of elements. It does not result in a clear perceptual experience and reflects the unstable phenomenological interdependence of subject and object. Thus, Tzanev's novel excursive objects depart from the usual modes of perception. His concept reveals the viewer's particular experience of unstable configurations of elements in installation art. Furthermore, it could be explored as a resourceful term to describe perceptive situations in the psychology of contemporary art.


Objectives: To explore the value of T 2 and T 1 mapping in the early detection of degenerating articular cartilage. MaterialsandMethods: Twenty-sixNewZealandrabbitswererandomlydividedintothreegroups. GroupsAandB(n=10each)had the right knee joint injected with either collagenase type II or papain. The equivalent dilution was injected into the left knee joint as control. In addition, six rabbits served as blank group. Both knees were scanned using MRI, and T 2 and T 1 values of the cartilage weremeasured. Thefemurswereexaminedmicroscopicallyandimmunohistologically. T 2 andT 1 valueswerecomparedwithinand between groups. Results: IngroupA,immunohistochemistryfoundthatcollagentypeIIdecreasedinthetreatedknees. T 2 andT 1 valueswerehigher in the treated knees than the controls (P < 0.001). In group B, Alcian blue staining showed reduced proteoglycan in the treated knees. The T 1 values in the treated knees were higher than the controls (P < 0.001). Conclusion: T 2 and T 1 mapping may be useful in the early diagnosis of cartilage degeneration. The changes in collagen content of the cartilage were related to T 2 relaxation time; whereas, T 1 relaxation time was affected by both collagen and proteoglycan.


Many kinds of cells,cytokines,mediators of inflammation participate in the process of airway hyperreactivity,chronic inflammation,remodeling of asthma through many signal pathways,TGF-β/Smad signal pathway is one of the most hot signal pathways in studying at present.This article mainly introduces TGF-β superfamily,Smad proteinnum family,TGF-β/Smad signal pathway,the rote of I-Smad in TGF-β/Smad signal pathway and airway remodeling of asthma.

Key words:
Asthma; I-Smad; Airway remodeling; Signal pathway


Abstract : The recent anthrax attacks represent a fundamental shift in the nature of the biological terrorism threat. Fortunately, the scope and magnitude of this shift is far less devastating than the events of September 11th. As we face this new phase of biological weapons terrorism, it is important to maintain perspective even though the ability of the perpetrator of the anthrax attacks to terrorize the country is distressing. Fortunately, there have been comparatively few casualties. These attacks should serve to spur government action on a number of fronts to strengthen our national ability to prevent the proliferation of biological weapons, deny and dissuade states and sub-national groups from using them, and develop rapid means to detect an attack and track down the perpetrator should preemptive and preventive measures fail.


Manufacturers often use relational governance to manage interfirm relationships with their distributors. Yet recent literature has cautioned that relational governance may only offer conditional benefits. In this study, the authors integrate the resource-, industry-, and institution-based views to examine whether there is a limit to the positive effect of relational governance on export performance. Furthermore, the authors investigate two conditioning factors: industry uncertainty and cross-national institutional distance. Using a survey of 184 export ventures from China, the authors find that relational governance has an inverted U-shaped relationship with performance. In addition, the findings show that the export performance effect of relational governance becomes less effective in uncertain industry environments, but cross-country institutional distance enhances the value of relational governance.


In this paper, we propose a method for estimating meaningful actions from long-term observation of everyday manipulation tasks without prior knowledge as part of an action understanding framework for life support robotic systems. The target task is defined as a sequence of interactions between objects. An interaction that appears many times is assumed to be meaningful and repetitious relative motion patterns are detected from trajectories of multiple objects. The main contribution is that the problem is formulated as a combinatorial optimization problem with two parameters, target object labels and correspondences on similar motion patterns, and is solved using local and global Dynamic Programming (DP) in polynomial time O(N logN), where N is a total amount of data. The proposed method is evaluated against manipulation tasks using everyday objects such as a cup and a tea-pot.


Malignant glioma is one of the most radio-resistant tumor types and accounts for approximately 60% of all primary brain tumors in adults (Behin et al., 2003; Black, 1991a, 1991b; DeAngelis, 2001). There are three distinct histological types: anaplastic astrocytoma (AA), anaplastic oligodendroglioma (AO), and glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). The prognosis of malignant glioma patients remains dismal (Behin et al., 2003; Black, 1991a, 1991b; De Angelis, 2001). The median survival for patients with newly diagnosed GBM is 8 to 15 months, prognosis is slightly better for newly diagnosed AA with a median survival of 24 to 36 months, and the prognosis for AO gives a median survival of 60 months (Behin et al., 2003; Black, 1991a, 1991b; De Angelis, 2001). For AA and GBM, the standard of care consists of surgical resection of as much of the tumor as is considered to be safe, followed by radiation and chemotherapy and has been so for many decades (Behin et al., 2003; Black, 1991a, 1991b; DeAngelis, 2001, Fine et al., 1993; Stewart, 2002; Walker et al., 1978, 1980). A new standard procedure for GBM has recently been defined by the EORTC phase III trial which randomized patients in two groups, receiving either temozolomide (TMZ) concomitant and adjuvant to radiation therapy or radiation therapy alone (Stupp et al., 2005). A significant increase in overall survival (OS) was seen in the radiation therapy plus TMZ group compared to the radiation therapy alone group. Survival rates were respectively 14.6 and 12.1 months. For AO, the standard treatment is surgical resection followed by radiation therapy (Stupp et al., 2005). Adjuvant chemotherapy does not provide significant benefits in OS (Van den Bent et al., 2006). Radiation therapy remains the backbone of care for glioblastomas, even in patients who have undergone a prior presumed complete resection. The infiltrative nature of these tumors makes a truly complete resection nearly impossible in most cases (Behin et al., 2003; Black, 1991a, 1991b; DeAngelis, 2001, Fine et al., 1993; Hall, 1978; Stewart, 2002; Walker et al., 1978, 1980). Standard fractionated radiation therapy delivers a total radiation dose of 60 Gy given in 30 fractions over 6 weeks. The target is usually the tumor bulk as visualized on CT or MRI, with a wide margin of 2-3 cm (Behin et al., 2003; Black, 1991a, 1991b; DeAngelis,


By the 22 indicators of the London Olympic Games men's basketball team technical and tactical statistics,stepwise regression and rank correlation of the statistical data are analyzed,and concluded: the most important influencing factors that impact the London Olympic Games men's basketball team rankings are the number of hits,the number of free throws,the number of three-point shooting,free throw attempts,free throw percentage,total rebounds six indicators;based on teams of technical and tactical targets established regression equation can show real teams rank;based on the mathematical model,each team can make an objective assessment of the level of their own,then targeted training can be carried out.


This paper examines privacy and security issues associated with e-learning. It presents the basic principles behind privacy practices and legislation. It investigates the more popular e-learning standards to determine their provisions and limitations for privacy and security. Concrete solutions for improving the degree of security achievable are shown. A framework for secure e-learning User Ongoing Session Authenticator is introduced. This framework prevents manipulation from the side of the students during learning, thus allowing a reliable control of learning success.


This paper proposes a partitioned distortion mitigation technique for both the transmitter and receiver sides of a radio link. The proposed method compensates for the phase nonlinearity at the transmitter side using phase digital predistortion (DPD) and mitigates the amplitude nonlinearity at the receiver side by analyzing the cumulative distribution function of the received signal. The channel effects are also considered and are equalized before the amplitude nonlinearity compensation in the receiver. The performance of the distributed distortion compensation technique is compared, in terms of error vector magnitude (EVM), adjacent channel power ratio, and power efficiency (PE), with current DPD methods. Measurement results show that the proposed partitioned distortion mitigation approach provided an EVM of 1.1% for long-term evolution signals, compared to 2.4% for the conventional power back-off (BO), 2.9% for overdriven digital predistortion (OD-DPD), and 0.48% for complex DPD techniques. The PE significantly improved from 15.8% and 17.9% for the conventional BO and OD-DPD, respectively, to 23% using the proposed method. The bit error rate values at the receiver for the proposed method compare favorably with those of the DPD and phase-only DPD methods.


This paper proposes a new analytical tuning strategy for Model Predictive Control (MPC). In the proposed approach, MPC tuning problem is restated as a pole‐zero placement problem. New analytically tuning equations are given and a deep study on the places of poles and zeros of the closed‐loop system is performed. It is known that, appropriate zero placement can improve the robust stability of the closed‐loop system, so the proposed tuning strategy can be applicable. In MPC tuning strategies, analytical equations are very interesting and useful. To achieve analytical equations, First Order plus Dead Time models are used in this work. These models with adequate accuracy can describe many industrial processes. With simulation studies, the effectiveness of the proposed pole‐zero assignment strategy is indicated.


Coffee is the second largest export commodity in the world after oil.
Indonesia itself is one of developing countries which has become of the largest
producer of coffee globally. Indonesia coffee industry has long been known as one
the major contributor for national income and sustaining the economic life of its
people. Meanwhile, Sumatra island as the biggest coffee producer nationally is quite
famous as the finest coffee brand in the world and has become one of the most
selected sold coffee in various coffee shop in many countries. Coffee brand such as
gayo coffee, mandheling coffee, and lintong coffee are three famous special coffee
brand that come from Sumatra.
By using qualitative method, this research attempts to explain how the brand
of Sumatra coffee could become a brand of product in international trade, and also the
roles of transnational actors on the establishment of Sumatra coffee brand internationally.
Hypothetically, Sumatra coffee could be distributed and consumed globally due to the
significant efforts made by transnational actors.
The conclusion obtained by this research is that the role of transnational
actors over the brand of Sumatra coffee evidently is very significant mainly in
enhancing the equity of brand, namely by pushing some promotions, innovations of
technology, standardization, retailing, and distribution. The role both of domestic and
international transnational company are very influential to the making of Sumatra
coffee brand in order to be able to face a massive competition in the age of
globalization.


Natural‐cell‐mediated cytotoxicity against K‐562 erythroleukemic cells and human papillomavirus (HPV)‐16 harboring Sk‐v keratinocytes was tested in 38 age‐ and sex‐matched healthy volunteers and in patients with HPV‐induced benign and malignant anogenital lesions: 9 persons with HPV‐16‐induced bowenoid papulosis (BP), 8 with anogenital carcinomas (5 with HPV‐16‐ or 33‐associated squamous‐cell carcinomas of Bowen's type and 3 with HPV‐6‐associated Buschke‐Loewenstein verrucous carcinomas) and 12 with HPV‐6‐induced condylomata acuminata. Both K‐562 and Sk‐v cells were killed by a non‐adherent CD16+ subset of PBMC as revealed by cell fractionation on the basis of their adherence to plastic and by treatment with Leu‐IIb monoclonal antibody (MAb) and complement. "Cold" target competitive assays demonstrated that both cell types inhibited lysis of labelled Sk‐v cells. In patients with BP and anogenital carcinomas induced by HPV‐16 or 33, there was a significant (at least at p < 0.01) decrease of Sk‐v cell lysis as compared with the healthy control group. Anti‐K‐562 activity was not affected. In patients with anogenital carcinomas the degree of Sk‐v lysis was decreased in proportion to the duration of lesions (correlation coefficient–r = ‐0.79). Neither anti‐K‐562 nor anti‐Sk‐v cytotoxicities were significantly affected in patients with condylomata and with HPV‐6 associated verrucous carcinomas. Short‐term (3 hr) pre‐incubation of normal PBMC with sera from patients with BP and HPV‐16‐associated anogenital carcinomas resulted in significant inhibition of their ability to lyse Sk‐v cells. Lysis of K‐562 cells remained unaffected. In patients with carcinomas, the suppressive effect of sera was associated with a lowering of the ability of their PBMC to lyse Sk‐v cells (r = ‐0.79). In patients with longer tumor persistence, the suppressive effect of serum was proportionally higher (r = 0.86).


We report observations of ozone column and clouds at typically stratospheric altitudes, obtained during the 1987 Airbone Antarctic Experiment from the TIROS Operational Vertical Sounder (TOVS)/High-Resolution Infrared Sounder (HIRS 2) instrument on the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration NOAA 10 satellite. Cloud formation occurs mainly along the coast of Antarctica when strong tropospheric winds blow from the ocean to the continent. The period of September 2–9 provides a good example of the formation of localized high-altitude clouds over the Palmer Peninsula and the Weddell Sea. The appearance of these clouds (a subset of the more prevalent polar stratospheric clouds (PSCs)) is consistent with the presence of a strong tropospheric jet over the elevated topography of the peninsula. Mountain waves and their associated high-altitude adiabatic cooling are the driving mechanism for the cloud formation. On the basis of the cloud area coverage and wind analyses, we estimate that in the altitude range 14–18 km the air within the polar vortex has spent 5% of its time inside these clouds from early August to late September. The importance of this observation for springtime ozone depletion mechanisms is discussed. It is also concluded that the TOVS data set recorded during the past decade would be suitable to search for a possible trend in the cloud amount. Such a trend could be relevant to the rate of the Antarctic ozone depletion.


A new interpolation technique based on an optimized near end-points Akima's cubic spline method is proposed in order to plot the profile of longitudinal section in a boat such that the aerodynamic properties will be improved. As a result of the method, the boat shape permit to reduce the water resistance in the forward motion. The method is illustrated by simulating the boat shape using the proposed method in comparison with the shapes provided by the natural cubic spline and by the Akima's cubic spline interpolation procedures.


Objective To make the rat model of acute pyelonephritis by simple bladder injection without laparotomy. Methods 24 female rats were randomly divided into control group,3 days infection group and 7 days infection group. The rats were forbidden to drinking for 24 h,and then under anesthesia,108cfu·m L-1E. coli was injected into bladder through the urethra. At same time,urethral opening was ligatured after 2 h,weighing the rat and each kidney. Urine in bladder and kidney homogenate were used for bacteriology examination. The hematoxylin-eosin staining was performed on kidney tissues to observe the pathological changes in these groups respectively. Results The kidneys of all infection groups as well as kidney coefficients increased,while there is no difference between 3 days infection group and 7 days infection group. The positive rates of bacterial culture of urine in bladder in 3 days infection group and 7 days infection group are 100% and 62. 5%,respectively,and kidney homogenate are 100% and 75%,respectively. In 3 days infection group,a large number of neutrophils and lymphocytes can be seen under the mucous membrane of renal pelvis and interstitial area under the light microscopy. In 7 days infection group,numbers of lymphocytes and some eosinophils can be observed under the mucous membrane of renal pelvis. There is no obvious changes of glomerulus and renal tubules in both groups. Conclusions The rat model of acute pyelonephritis can be made by simple injection of E. coli into bladder without laparotomy.


Determinants of performance: There are four major factors which affect the imaging performance of a focal spot. I. Size. Intensity distribution. III . Shape. IV. Off-focus irradiation.


In this paper, we present a comprehensive study of the relationship between an individual's personal traits and his/her brand preferences. In our analysis, we included a large number of character traits such as personality, personal values and individual needs. These trait features were obtained from both a psychometric survey and automated social media analytics. We also included an extensive set of brand names from diverse product categories. From this analysis, we want to shed some light on (1) whether it is possible to use personal traits to infer an individual's brand preferences (2) whether the trait features automatically inferred from social media are good proxies for the ground truth character traits in brand preference prediction.


The ν-nonparallel support vector machine (ν-SNPSVM) for classification has the advantage of using a parameter ν on controlling the number of support vectors. However, it ignores the prior structural information in data. In this paper, we propose a novel nonparallel classifier, named ν-Structural Nonparallel Support Vector Machine (ν-SNPSVM), for binary classification. Each model of ν-SNPSVM considers not only the compactness in both classes by the structural information but also the separability between classes, thus it can fully exploit prior knowledge to directly improve the algorithm's generalization capacity and is certainly superior to NPSVMs and other twin SVMs theoretically. Experimental results on lots of data sets show the effectiveness of our method.


Our thanks go to NERC for providing the funding for the student placement. We would also like to thank Hazel Bremner, Duncan Malone and Zoe Dupuy for their help with the collection of the forecast data. We are grateful to the University of Granada whose archives provided the observational data, the University of Wyoming for providing the tephigram data, the Met Office (via wetter3 and wetterzentrale) for the synoptic charts and the Dundee Satellite Receiving Station for providing the satellite imagery. We are grateful to two anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments and suggestions. (from 0.43 to 0.60) in the PECF, and a small decrease (from 0.54 to 0.49) in PFEC. In contrast, the temperature tables showed little change between the two years, with both tables having PECFs and PFECs just over 0.80 and 0.70, respectively. The largest forecast errors in temperature tend to occur during certain types of weather. The difficulty in forecasting the exact height and strength of temperature inversions and their variation over the day was the most common cause of large errors during the winter months. The hot spell of weather at the end of May 2012 was persistently underforecast, which may also have been due to similar problems with temperature inversions, owing to forecaster inexperience or the inability of models to represent land-surface processes adequately. The precise reasons are unclear and thus the obvious follow-up study would assess the accuracy of the MWIS forecasts during all Correspondence to: C. Birch


In this paper, laser beam induced current (LBIC) has been applied to the characterization of HgCdTe n-on-p junctions fabricated through plasma induced type conversion using an inductively coupled plasma reactive ion etching (ICPRIE) tool. The nondestructive LBIC technique allows for characteristics of junctions formed under a number of different ICPRIE plasma process conditions to be investigated using only two remote contacts. This is done in order to refine the fabrication procedure which aims for controlled doping modification to produce high performance photodiodes.


AbstractThis article attempts to examine professional nurses' roles in clinical research. Factors effecting the role components of both traditional and emerging positions are discussed. Concluding comments focus on an important ethical consideration for all nurses involved in clinical research.


A kind of ability to charge the battery of the power plant is a plant for transmission, which includes a voltage source converter (1), connected to an alternating voltage network to the alternating voltage side of the transformer (14) connected to the transducer and DC voltage part (7) of the direct voltage side. The converter (1) having a series connection switching unit (8), each switching unit (8) having at least one energy storage capacitor. Cells may be connected in parallel with the capacitor, and may affect the state of charge of the battery via the control arrangement (15) to control the switching means by the voltage source converter.


Seafloor investigations with unmanned underwater vehicles (UUVs) have been carried out in various situations. It is expected in future that seafloor investigations of sea area where manned support vessels cannot enter will be accomplished with UUVs. For searches after an accident and a disaster, detected objects should be immediately identified. In such situation, it is convenient to have a system, that transfers UUV status data and/or observation data from an UUV to a distant base in real time. Therefore, we have developed the Underwater Real-time Communication System (URCS) where unmanned surface vehicle (USV) relays UUV status and Sonar images to a distant base in real-time. The USV communicates with the UUV by two sets of acoustic device and with the distant support vessel by satellite communication. For the USV to receive image data from UUV it is necessary to keep USV just above the UUV, because high-speed acoustic device used for image data transmission has strong directivity in general. Therefore, we have developed Parallel Cruising Technology by using Cooperative Control (PaCTeCC) method. A sea trial of real-time data transmission of sonar images from the cruising UUV to the distant support vessel via the USV was conducted in July 2014. In this paper, we report the details of PaCTeCC method and the experiment results.


We have been investigating the fundamental chemistry and physics underlying the application of electrohydraulic cavitation as induced by pulsed power plasma discharge in water, by spark-gap discharge in water (i.e., lithotripsy) and by pulsed (and/or continuous) ultrasonic irradiation (i.e., sonolysis) of water for the elimination of chlorinated hydrocarbons from water. These three different applications of electric power share a common physical thread, which involves hydraulic cavitation, production of shock waves, release of high energy light, production of hydroxyl radicals, hydrogen atoms, hydrogen peroxide and aquated electrons. The chemical changes of compounds in water pulsed with these different sources of power are induced in part by the violent collapse of cavitation bubbles.


The role of educators has shifted from initial function as a main source of learning to function as a facilitator. The sophistication of technology and the automation of work by relying on robots and big data is perceived to be able to answer all issues and to understand the soul of a human being needed by people who have strong psychological intelligence and character. Transformation in education is inevitable. At this stage, the new education model is proven to be better than the old education model in the context of knowledge transfer to students. Therefore, the incumbent institution will accelerate and transform the new model in education management. Administrative services must change and be changed. The increasing number of students without the support of digital technology will be increasingly ineffective. In the era of disruption, students simply enter the self-corner (Eco) to serve administrative aspects independently, then request validation from staff and leaders. This will reduce the bureaucracy which has been a barrier in almost all institutions, including educational institutions. Then the educational revolution through shifting paradigms needs to be done through (1) strengthening prophetic values, (2) changing educator mindset and strengthening character values, (3) humanizing technology in learning, (4) inclusion of information technology in study rooms, and (5) selfservices and assignments paperless tasks. The results of this study indicate that uncertainty, complexity, and anxiety are the main characteristics of the era of disruption and the era of the industrial revolution. This study perceived the disruption era not as a threat, but as an opportunity for the world of Education to innovate and develop.


On the computer there is software and hardware. Form of software programs and hardware devices such as elektronika.Program on software can be obtained or created using the plot diagram. Basic language is the beginning of the program / simple compared to other programs that exist in software. FOR-TO-NEXT themselves are terms contained in the basic language programs, and including the beginning compared to other terms that existed at the basic language courses. Basic language for flowcharts FOR NEXT-TO-try is applied to the sum of the matrix, although considered still nothing compared to the basic language in general.


The goals of this report are: (1) Analyze boreal summer Asian monsoon intraseasonal variability general circulation models--How well do the models represent the eastward and northward propagating components of the convection and how well do the models represent the interactive control that the western tropical Pacific rainfall exerts on the rainfall over India and vice-versa? (2) Role of air-sea interactions--prescribed vs. interactive ocean; and (3) Mean monsoon vs. variability.


Over the last decade, systems software verification has become increasingly practical. Many verified systems have been written in the language of a proof assistant, proved correct, and then made runnable using code extraction. However, due to the rigidity of extraction and the overhead of the target languages, the resulting code's CPU performance can suffer, with limited opportunity for optimization. This thesis contributes CoqGo, a proof-producing compiler from Coq's Gallina language to Go. We created Go′, a stylized semantics of Go which enforce linearity, and implemented proofproducing compilation tactics from Gallina to Go′ plus a straightforward translation from Go′ to Go. Applying a prototype of CoqGo, we compiled a system call in the FSCQ file system, with minimal changes to FSCQ's source code. Taking advantage of the increased control given by CoqGo, we implemented three optimizations, bringing the system call's CPU performance to 19% faster than the extracted version. Thesis Supervisor: Nickolai Zeldovich Title: Associate Professor Thesis Supervisor: M. Frans Kaashoek Title: Charles Piper Professor


Objective: To observe the relationship of deep slow respiratory pattern and respiratory impedance(RI) in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Methods: RI under normal respiration and during deep slow respira tion was measured one after the other with impulse oscillometry for 8 patients with COPD and for 9 healthy volunteers as control. Results: When r espiration was changed from normal pattern to the deep slow pattern, the tida l volume increased and respiratory frequency significantly decreased in both gro ups , the total respiratory impedance (Z respir) showed a decreasing trend in COPD group, but with no obvious change in the control group. No chang e in the resonant frequency (fres) was found in both groups, and the respiratory viscous resistance obviously decreased in the COPD group(R5: P =0.0168 ; R20: P =0.0498; R5—R20: P =0.0388),though in the control group it was unchanged. Conclusion: IOS detection could reflect the response he terogeneity of different compartments of respiratory system during tidal breathi ng. During deep slow respiration, the viscous resistance in both central airw ay and peripheral airway was decreased in patients with COPD. RI measurement by impulse oscillometry may be a convenient pathophysiological method for studying the application of breathing exercise in patients with COPD.


Good or bad purchasing quality has great impact on the cost control of small and medium-sized foreign-invested enterprises.Along with increasingly complex purchasing process,ever-changing variety of materials,and changed sourcing,it is necessary to bring purchasing tactics of TQCS into effect for these enterprises.Based on enhancing integrity management and control in purchasing process,and flexibility in the use of procurement skills,it is easy to achieve the maximum contribution of purchasing to the profit of enterprises.


This paper mainly introduces monitoring principle, montitoring methods and development process of hardware and software of rolling bearing fault monitoring system based on LabVIEW. The system makes full use of computer technology, data acquisition, signal analysis and processing techniques, and fault diagnosis theory to improve monitoring and fault diagnosis of rolling bearing. The system also integrates the functions of traditional detecting instrument and provides a friendly man-machine interface which can display online data.


The molecular based process responsible for the generation of the helical axis in the cholesteric mesophase of potassium N-dodecanoyl-L-alaninate, decanol, electrolyte, and water has been investigated. The headgroup dipolar couplings have been correlated with deuterium quadruple splittings from the aliphatic chain as a function of amphiphile concentration. The results show that the change in the pitch of the helical axis with concentration is reflected by a change in preferred conformation of the amphiphile. This change in conformation is centered about the amide bonds where the aliphatic chain is joined to the alaninate headgroups


Relations have been derived from gas analyses of irradiated PyC-coated UO2 fuel particles that enable the quantity of permanent rare gas (Xe+Kr) released within the particle to be predicted from known conditions of irradiation temperature, time, and burnup. The experimentally determined influence of fissions in uranium and plutonium isotopes on the growth of intraparticle CO + CO2 pressure is discussed and its elimination by an appropriate getter is described.


At the present stage of Russia's development, the increasing globalization around the world, makes us think about the importance of finding adequate agricultural policy. In different historical periods agricultural policy has undergone total nationalization and planned economy. There was the transition to a liberal model in the economy. Then the period of strengthening of measures for state regulation came (the 2000s). Since 2006 the state's role in regulating agriculture has increased: The Federal law «On development of agriculture» was adopted. The national project «AIC Development», State program of development of agriculture and regulation of markets of agricultural products, raw materials and food for 2008-2012 was materialized. The realization of the agricultural policy based on the paradigm of market economy regulated by the state, on the one hand, undoubtedly has brought positive results: agriculture is among the priority sectors of the economy, the institutions of support of agricultural development in the country were found, the volume of financing of agriculture has increased, a project and a programme of agricultural regulation appeared. However, significant changes in the agricultural sector of the economy did not happen. The increase was. Only those products that had had export and import substitution value increased. The reproduction process was not provided at the expense of own profit, the differentiation of the conditions of agrarian sector functioning of economy in different regions of the country and agricultural producers in one region increased. A result is a differentiation of incomes and living standards of the rural population in interregional and inter-farm. Current situation and factors of its forming was far removed from the principles of social market economy, which are more preferred. Therefore, the historical experience of agricultural reform, its positive and negative consequences, should form the basis of modern agricultural policy in Russia.


The aim of the present study was to identify the main errors in diagnosis, peculiarities of localization of injuries, and causes of death of victims with combined craniocerebral trauma depending on their age.


Inhibiting the kinase IRAK4 may suppress a multicellular autoinflammatory loop in patients with lupus. Blocking the loop in lupus Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disorder that affects all major organs. Using newly developed inhibitors, mouse models, and blood and serum samples from patients and donors, Corzo et al. examined the roles of the B cell–associated kinases BTK and IRAK4 in SLE development. Whereas both kinases stimulated B cells in response to SLE autoantibodies, IRAK4 also mediated an autoinflammatory loop involving cytokine-secreting plasmacytoid dendritic cells. In mouse models of lupus, inhibiting IRAK4 activity reduced autoantibody production and suppressed the development of disease symptoms, including kidney damage that is often lethal in patients. The findings suggest that, unlike current therapies that only manage the symptoms of SLE, IRAK4 inhibitors may effectively treat the disease itself. The dysregulation of multiple signaling pathways, including those through endosomal Toll-like receptors (TLRs), Fc gamma receptors (FcγR), and antigen receptors in B cells (BCR), promote an autoinflammatory loop in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Here, we used selective small-molecule inhibitors to assess the regulatory roles of interleukin-1 receptor (IL-1R)–associated kinase 4 (IRAK4) and Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK) in these pathways. The inhibition of IRAK4 repressed SLE immune complex– and TLR7-mediated activation of human plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs). Correspondingly, the expression of interferon (IFN)–responsive genes (IRGs) in cells and in mice was positively regulated by the kinase activity of IRAK4. Both IRAK4 and BTK inhibition reduced the TLR7-mediated differentiation of human memory B cells into plasmablasts. TLR7-dependent inflammatory responses were differentially regulated by IRAK4 and BTK by cell type: In pDCs, IRAK4 positively regulated NF-κB and MAPK signaling, whereas in B cells, NF-κB and MAPK pathways were regulated by both BTK and IRAK4. In the pristane-induced lupus mouse model, inhibition of IRAK4 reduced the expression of IRGs during disease onset. Mice engineered to express kinase-deficient IRAK4 were protected from both chemical (pristane-induced) and genetic (NZB/W_F1 hybrid) models of lupus development. Our findings suggest that kinase inhibitors of IRAK4 might be a therapeutic in patients with SLE.


The present invention discloses an actuator driving means, designed to provide a quick stop command to make the drive actuator according to OFF, while reducing the cost of the actuator of the drive means, which comprises at least one processing circuit, the processing circuit comprising : a first switch between profiles on the actuator excitation coil and a DC power supply, according to the pulse width modulated signal generated during the holding period corresponds to the period after the drive during the over-excitation and over-excitation switching operation; circulating unit, in parallel with the field coil, the unit includes a circulation circulation circulation diodes and diode in series with the second switch; disconnect signal generator for a certain period after the end of the driving period, the output off signal to the second switch; wherein the circulation diode when the first switch is in the on state, the excitation coil from one end to the other end of the current generated by circulation; a second switch with the input end of the period with the drive oFF signal generated while in the open state, to prevent the above circulation.


The objective of this survey is to analyze the relationship between the internationalization of Brazilian post-graduation, public expenditures and evaluation, in the area of Applied Social Sciences. The survey method is quantitative, with a panel data regression analysis, correlating scholarships granted abroad by the Brazilian federal department Capes, and the evaluation carried out by the institution itself. About 23,900 sample data was obtained from 1998 to 2016. The panel data regression and correlation results show that the investment in scholarships abroad have a positive and statistically relevant impact on the improvement of grades on Post-Graduation Programs. In addition, results show that investments in scholarships abroad, through Capes scholarships, are positively correlated to internationalization of post-graduation programs in the field of Applied Social Sciences.


(57) Abstract: The present invention moves, the frequency of contact between the vector and the stationary target cell, a method of increasing the device containing them in a random Brownian motion or movement, a vector towards the target cells comprising the step of, providing a method. The method of the present invention, (1) causing the flow-through of the liquid containing the vector passing through the cell bed, moving towards the target cells by electrodiffusion (2) charged vector, and (3 ) vectors and cells by sedimented by centrifugation vector into a cell, comprising the step of moving the vector in the direction of the cell.


Effects of high external NaCl concentrations on growth were examined in the unicellular freshwater alga Cldorella emevsonii during different phases of cell development, using synchronized cultures obtained by alternating light-dark cycles. Growth of cultures synchronized at 1 mM NaCl [external osmotic pressure (next=) 0.08 MPa] was compared with (i) cultures synchronized at 200 mM NaCl (n,,, = 1.01 MPa) and (ii) cultures synchronized at 1 mM NaCl from which the daughter cells were suddenly transferred to 100, 150 or 200 mM NaCl. The effects of these two treatments on synthesis of protein, RNA and DNA during cell cycles were similar, and are attributed to the high nexta nd not to specific effects of Na+ and C1-. Growth inhibitions in cells at 200 mM NaCl relative to 1 mM NaCl occurred mainly via effects on cell division; this was confirmed by electron microscopy. There was a lag before net DNA synthesis commenced, and there were reductions in rates of net DNA synthesis in cells at 200 mM NaCl relative to 1 mM NaC1. Rates of increase in cell volume and in protein and RNA content per cell were little affected by high external NaCl concentrations. Consequently, daughter cells at 200 mM NaCl were approximately twice the volume and contained twice as much protein and RNA as daughter cells at 1 mM NaCl, while DNA content was equal in daughter cells at 1 and 200 mM NaCl.


Ultrasonic assisted fermentation has been shown to improve the fermentation and product yield; however, less attention has been given to the xylanase production via ultrasonic assisted fermentation. The purpose of this study was to investigate the conditions in which ultrasonic has been employed to enhance fermentation reactions of interest to xylanase production. Previously, the xylanase production from locally isolated strain identified as Bacillus Badius was successfully carried out at an optimum condition. In this study, xylanase production was further explored by incorporated ultrasonic assisted fermentation. The study was conducted by varying the ultrasonic process parameters including treatment time, amplitude and duty cycle. Within the studied range, the highest xylanase production was 9.21 U/mL at duty cycle of 10 %, amplitude of 2 % and treatment time of 25 min. However, the production was 21 % lower than that the conventional optimized fermentation. This is due to unoptimized condition of the ultrasonic assisted fermentation as compared to the conventional one. Ultrasonication at the best process parameters is an effective and feasible way to enhance xylanase activity. In the future, we are looking forward to optimize the ultrasonic assisted fermentation to maximized xylanase production.


The SMOS (Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity) satellite was successfully launched in November 2009. This ESA led mission for Earth Observation is dedicated to provide soil moisture over continental surface (with an accuracy goal of 0.04 m3/m3), vegetation water content over land, and ocean salinity. These geophysical features are important as they control the energy balance between the surface and the atmosphere. Their knowledge at a global scale is of interest for climatic and weather researches, and in particular in improving model forecasts. The Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity mission has now been collecting data for 6 years. The whole data set has just been reprocessed (Version 620 for levels 1 and 2 and version 3 for level 3 CATDS). After 6 years it seems important to start using data for having a look at anomalies and see how they can relate to large scale events The purpose of this communication is to present the mission results after more than six years in orbit in a climatic trend perspective, as through such a period anomalies can be detected. Thereby we benefit from consistent datasets provided through the latest reprocessing using most recent algorithm enhancements. Using the above mentioned products it is possible to follow large events such as the evolution of the droughts in North America, or water fraction evolution over the Amazonian basin. In this occasion we will focus on the analysis of SMOS and ancillary products anomalies to reveal two climatic trends, the temporal evolution of water storage over the Indian continent in relation to rainfall anomalies, and the global impact of El Nino types of events on the general water storage distribution. This presentation shows in detail the use of long term data sets of L-band microwave radiometry in two specific cases, namely droughts and water budget over a large basin. Several other analyses are under way currently. Obviously, vegetation water content, but also dielectric constant, are carrying a wealth of information and some interesting perspectives will be presented.


We use Green Bank Ammonia Survey observations of NH3 (1, 1) and (2, 2) emission with 32″ FWHM resolution from a ∼10 pc2 portion of the Cepheus-L1251 molecular cloud to identify hierarchical dense gas structures. Our dendrogram analysis of the NH3 data results in 22 top-level structures, which reside within 13 lower-level parent structures. The structures are compact and are spatially correlated with the highest H2 column density portions of the cloud. We also compare the ammonia data to a catalog of dense cores identified by higher-resolution (18.″2 FWHM) Herschel Space Observatory observations of dust continuum emission from Cepheus-L1251. Maps of kinetic gas temperature, velocity dispersion, and NH3 column density, derived from detailed modeling of the NH3 data, are used to investigate the stability and chemistry of the ammonia-identified and Herschel-identified structures. We show that the dust and dense gas in the structures have similar temperatures, with median Tdust and TK measurements of 11.7 ± 1.1 K and 10.3 ± 2.0 K, respectively. Based on a virial analysis, we find that the ammonia-identified structures are gravitationally dominated, yet may be in or near a state of virial equilibrium. Meanwhile, the majority of the Herschel-identified dense cores appear to be not bound by their own gravity and instead confined by external pressure. CCS (20 − 10) and HC5N emission from the region reveal broader line widths and centroid velocity offsets when compared to the NH3 (1, 1) emission in some cases, likely due to these carbon-based molecules tracing the turbulent outer layers of the dense cores.


REGATTA trial failed to demonstrate the survival benefit of reduction gastrectomy in patients with advanced gastric cancer with a single non‐curable factor. However, a significant interaction was found between the treatment effect and tumor location in the subset analysis. Additionally, the treatment effect appeared to be different between Japan and Korea. This supplementary analysis aimed to elucidate the effect of reduction surgery based on tumor location and country.


STiC is a mixed-mode Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC) for Silicon Photomultiplier (SiPM) readout with very high timing resolution. It is designed for the Time-of-Flight (ToF) measurement in Positron Emission Tomography (PET) and in high energy physics experiments. STiC is dedicated particularly to the EndoTOFPET-US project, which is developing and building a multi-modal instrument combing ToFPET and ultrasound endoscopy for the development of new biomarkers for pancreas and prostate oncology. A 64-channel prototype (STiC v3) has been developed and produced in 0.18μm UMC CMOS technology. A fully differential analog front-end has been developed to suppress the common-mode noise from both the on-chip digital part and the outer sources, while it allows for both differential and single-ended readout connection schemes with SiPM. A digital-to-analog converter on the input stage tunes the SiPM bias voltage with a range of ~ 900 mV, providing the possibility to compensate the variation on the breakdown voltage of the connected SiPMs. A linearized time-over-threshold method has been implemented to provide better energy resolution than the conventional ToT method. The time and energy information are converted into two time stamps, which are digitized by a build-in TDC with time binning of 50.2 ps. A dedicated digital part has been developed for chip configuration with a Serial Peripheral Interface and for data transmission to an external Data Acquisition System using a 160 MBit/s LVDS serial link with 8/10-bit encoding. Measurements have shown a time jitter <; 20 ps on the analog front-end and a time jitter of ~ 37 ps on the TDC and digital part. A Coincidence Time Resolution of ~ 214 ps FWHM has been obtained by STiC v3 with 3.1 × 3.1 × 15 mm2 LYSO:Ce crystals and Hamamatsu MPPCs (S12643-050CN(x)). Here we present the details of the ASIC design, measurement results as well as the 128-channel front-end module for EndoTOFPET-US project.


NSAIDs are among the most commonly prescribed medications in the United States. NSAID associated kidney disease presents in various ways including ischemic acute kidney injury, nephrotic syndrome, and analgesic nephropathy. Elderly patients and patients who are also on diuretics and/or renin angiotensin aldosterone system blockade are at higher risk of developing NSAIDs associated kidney disease. Additionally, NSAIDs negatively impact blood pressure. Unfortunately, there is no currently effective therapy for the prevention of NSAIDS associated kidney disease. Proposed preventative strategies are discussed.


ABSTRACT:The impact of agricultural productivity growth on the process of structural change, an increase in the share of labor employed in manufacturing, is a much debated topic. One perspective argues that agricultural productivity promotes structural change via its contribution of various resources to the manufacturing sector. Another hypothesis proposed is that agricultural productivity growth will draw resources away from agriculture. This paper hypothesizes that agricultural productivity growth plays a key role in the structural change process, but not necessarily through the mechanisms usually proposed. It is hypothesized here that agricultural productivity growth improves the quality of human labor (measured by the human development index, human capital accumulation, and reductions in infant mortality). In turn, improvements in the quality of human labor make it more profitable to employ labor in manufacturing and thus structural change, measured by the share of manufacturing employment in total employment, increases. These hypotheses are tested using dynamic ordinary least squares (DOLS) techniques utilizing data from seventeen countries in Sub-Saharan Africa. The findings indicate that agricultural productivity growth has a significant positive impact human labor quality as measured by the human development index, human capital accumulation, and reductions in infant mortality. In addition, improvements in the quality of human labor in turn have a significant positive impact on the extent of structural change as measured by the share of manufacturing employment as a share of total employment. In addition, trade, as measured by exports plus imports divided by GDP, also has a significant positive impact on the extent of structural change. Finally, inflation appears to slow the structural change process. The policy implications are straightforward. Agricultural productivity does indeed seem to be important in the process of structural change. Thus development programs involving Sub-Saharan Africa should focus on investment in the development of agricultural technologies that will raise agricultural productivity. In a broader sense, governments should focus investment on improving the overall quality of labor.


it is crucial thtrt we interpret them a s a demand that we pnuse. arid in their light. reexamine our own realities. values, and dedicutions, ,for the arts not only present life concretely, .stimulate the inlugination, and integrute the different culturd eltwerits of ti society or o f un epoch. they also present modelsfor our imitation or rejection. visions and uspirution.) which mutelv solicit our critical response.


In 1861 Prosper Meniere first reported a new and epoch-making theory that human vertigo can be caused by inner ear disturbance.The probable factors which might have led him to this excellent theory can be recapitulated as follows. (1) First of all, we must consider him to be a genius endowed with excellent power of inspiration and insight. (2) Because he was a doctor in the Institute for Deafness for a long time, he saw many patients suffering from deafness and tinnitus combined with vertigo. (3) His senior doctor in the institute, J. M. Itard, had also been interested in this disease and had often told him about it, which aroused and fortified his interest in it. Itard, however, had no idea that the cause of vertigo lay in the inner ear. (4) Meniere's was an excellent, particularly attentive and thoughtful observer of patients. (5) He knew well and was extremely interested in Prof. Flourens's experiment on pigeons showing ataxia from inner ear destruction. (6) His excellent power of speculation could connect human vertigo with this pigeon ataxia. (7) Through the kindness of a doctor friend, he fortunately encountered an autopsy case of a patient suffering from vertigo and could discover the pathological change—bleeding—in the inner ear, which was unaccompanied by any changes in the brain.One of the most remarkable topics in Menierology is that his apparently lost tomb and descendants have recently been discovered in Paris. Mme. Baroness Meniere is the 5th generation of the Meniere's family. It is admirable that 5 members of the Meniere's family including him received the medal of "la legion d'honneur".Although the existence of endolymphatic hydrops in the inner ear has been confirmed since the first reports of Yamakawa and Hallpike in 1938, the real cause of this disease still remains obscure.We speculate that its real cause is not a simple one, but a compound of several factors which form a serial or/and parallel pattern.


The camera system used in this country for assessment of the interception of a target aircraft by a guided missile is described and its development recounted.


The amino acid composition and nutritional value of wild Babylonia areolata and B.formosae, and cultured B.areolata were determined. Amino acid results showed that the protein contained nutritionally useful quantities of most of the essential amino acids. On the basis of dry matter of the muscles, the total amino acids (TAA) ranged from 61.14% to 64.68% and the total essential amino acids (TEAA) ranged from 27.73% to 29.41%, making up from 45.35% to 47.55% of total amino acids. The contents of delicious amino acids ranged from 23.68% to 26.50%, mean being 24.77% and making up 42.56% of total amino acids. Amino acid score ranged from 41.46 to 54.30 and from 44.82 to 58.70 when compared with the essential amino acid pattern of FAO/WHO (1972) and FAO/WHO/UNU (1985), respectively. Threonine appeared to be the fist limiting. Because of the high content in total amino acids, total essential amino acid, total delicious amino acids and higher amino acids score,B.formosae was more nutritional and delicious than B.areolata and deserved developing.


Calculation conversion point of the converted waves always draws attention.Schneider(2002) derives a analytic solution of P-SV waves conversion point from a cubic equation.This solution was expressed a function of offset,compressional and shear waves velocities,the traveltime of P-SV converted waves.In this paper,we give a strict proof of uniqueness of Schneider's solution.This solution can be regarded as a prestack operator of P-SV converted waves in a horizontal reflector.


Due to the great influence of both global climate change and human activities, climatic and hydrological processes in many basins and regions worldwide show obviously nonstationary variability, which has obvious impact on diverse practical water activities such as the hydrological simulation and forecasting, hydrological and hydraulic designs, hydrological risk evaluation and adaption, and water resources planning and management, and also affect the socioeconomic developments as well as people's lives. Over the last decade, nonstationarity in hydrological process has been becoming a hot and frontier topic in the studies of hydrology and global climate change. However, those basic and major issues on the scientific topic have not been systemically studied, and some understandings about it are limited. In this article, we mainly focused on several major issues about the studies of hydrological nonstationarity. First, we discussed and clarified the difference between the stability of hydrological system and the hydrological nonstationarity. It is pointed out that the former is mainly to study whether the physical hydrological system in a basin keeps its stability under the impacts of both climate change and human activities, which is usually quantified by the deterministic characteristics of hydrological processes, and then simulated by proper physical hydrological models. However, the hydrological nonstationarity is mainly to study whether the statistical characteristics of stochastic hydrological process is changed, including not only the nonstationarity in stochastic components, but also the nonstationarity in deterministic components of hydrological process. Then, we further discussed some key issues about the topic of hydrological nonstationarity, mainly including the research objects, expressing ways, determining criteria, and identification and description methods. We finally pointed out that the studies of hydrological nonstationarity should focus on the stochastic components of hydrological process and the hydrological extremes (droughts, rainstorms, floods, waterlogs and others), but not the deterministic characteristics of hydrological process. All the first, second and third statistical moments (i.e., the mathematical mean, variance, and coefficient of skewness) of hydrological process should at least be carefully evaluated to judge its stationary characters. In practice, both the statistical methods (unit root test, etc.) and stochastic methods can be used for the study of hydrological nonstationarity, that is, we can first identify and remove those periodic and trend components of hydrological time series using proper stochastic methods, and then judge the nonstationary characteristics of stochastic components in series using statistical test methods. Those methods used for the identification of periodicities in hydrological time series usually include the Fourier transform, variance spectral density analysis, and the maximum entropy spectral analysis. Those methods for the trend analysis of hydrological time series mainly include the Mann-Kendall test, Spearman rank correlation test, linear regress test, moving-average test, and the wavelet-based test. The results can be a basis of stochastic simulation and hydrological forecasting. However, during the analysis process the uncertainty in these results should be carefully taken into consideration. As a result, we gave several suggestions and opinions on the future researches of hydrological nonstationarity. It is emphasized that more studies should be conducted to improve the techniques and methods for hydrological modelling, as a reliable basis of revealing the changes in physical hydrological process; further, more studies should also be done to develop the stochastic and statistical methods, mainly for more accurately describing and evaluating the nonstationary characters of hydrological process and their changes. The practice can also be helpful for studying the difficult hydrological and water resources problems under the changing environmental systems.


Various physical systems with Hamiltonians of cubic and lower symmetry are predicted classically to exhibit second-order phase transitions but known to yield first-order transitions within the renormalization-group approach either (a) because no appropriate "stable" fixed point exists, or (b) because the stable fixed point is not physically accessible. [MnO seems to be an example of (a).] This situation is discussed under circumstances where imposition of a further symmetry-beaking field, $g\ensuremath{\gg}1$, restores a continuous transition. Two possible types of phase diagram are identified for $g\ensuremath{\rightarrow}0$, either (i) without or (ii) with tricritical points. Renormalization-group trajectory calculations for examples of (b), namely a cubic Hamiltonian under a quadratic anisotropy field, are presented: tricritical points are found and a universal amplitude ratio governing their location is calculated to first order in $\ensuremath{\epsilon}=4\ensuremath{-}d$.


Events caused by complex crisis which became evident in regional economies as a result of the spread of COVID-19 have affected the manufacturing industry of the South of Russia. The purpose of this article is to identify and analyse the prospects for the sustainable development of industry in the South of Russia in the context of new economic trends. The methodological basis of the study is founded on the theory of shocks, which made it possible to place at the center of the system of cause-and-effect relationships a set of factors in business activity decrease, which are considered as shocks that form new development trends. The analysis revealed the presence of problems of production interruptions and break of supply chains, reduction in resource flows, as well as a decrease in effective demand for industrial products. According to the opinion of the authors, the prospects for the development of the industrial complex of the region are associated with the balance of market self-regulation and government regulation, and are also determined by the accumulated potential of the regional industry and available adaptive capabilities.


Products selection approach is subjective to each consumer and this issue becomes a problem to product manufacturers, particularly package label designer to determine the best design model for their product labels. Usability is identified as among the main criteria that determine the effectiveness of a product label design to the consumer.  Other criteria such as awareness and trust may contribute to accurate and correct decisions by the consumers based on informative label design. This study proposed a conceptual framework for the criteria of usability, awareness and trust on product label design that may affect the purchase decision by consumers. A survey adapted from previous study, was conducted on experts to determine the criteria of design elements for product label design specifically to assist in product purchase. Our study found that, a total number of 18 characteristics were included in high category of the three design element criteria with 76% means score. These types of characteristics may enhance customer confidence during purchasing process.


In this paper,the purification conditions of Arctum Iappa L polyphenols and its DPPH radical scavenging activity were studied.It is concluded that AB-8 is the optimal macroporous adsorption resin,and 70% ethanol is the optimal eluent.The optimal purification conditions are as follows: the flow rate is 1 mL/min,the incipient concentration is 1.68 mg/mL,and the adsorption rate is 2 mL/min.After purification,the concentration of Arctum Iappa L polyphenols increases by 55.36%.At the same time,Arctum Iappa L polyphenols' DPPH free radical scavenging activities before and after purification were detected by the electron paramagnetic resonance(EPR) technology.The results show that when the concentration of Arctum Iappa L polyphenols is between 56μg/mL and 336 μg/mL,there is a dose-effect relationship between the concentration and the scavenging effects.The anti-oxidative activity increases by 23.42% after purification.


Aim: Endometrium cancer is one of the most common gynecological malignancies. In this study we aim to examine the effect of poor glycaemic control on stage and grade of endometrial carcinoma. Material and Methods: Hospital records of patients who had a diagnosis of endometrium cancer and underwent a surgical staging for endometrial cancer were retrospectively reviewed. The patients who had examined forgly cosylated hemoglobin (HgA1c) within 3 months preoperatively, fasting plasma glucose and fasting insulin levels were included to the study. Final pathology results were examined to determine the FIGO stage and grade of tumour. HbA1c fasting insulin levels and fasting glucose levels of the patients were compared according to stage and grade. Results: There was a significant difference among the stage of tumours according to fasting plasma glucose levels. There was a significant difference in terms of HgA1c levels among grade of tumours. HgA1c levels were found to be higher in favour of grade III tumours (p<0,05). Discussion: Alt hough there was a significant higher level of fasting plasma glucose in favour of grade I endometrial cancer, no significant correlation between both advanced stage and grade of tumours was found. No significant difference among four stages of endometrial cancer was found in this study. On the other hand HgA1c levels were found to be higher in grade III endometrial cancers. It can be postulated that poor glycaemic control is associated with advanced grade of endometrial cancer. This study can be defined as a guiding study for investigating the relationship between the duration of poor glycemic control and prognosis of the disease


In 1762 Andrei Timofeevich Bolotov took advantage of the Manifesto on the Freedom of the Nobility promulgated by Peter III to resign from his position in the army and return to his estate of Dvorianinovo.1 Born in 1738, a nobleman of the middling kind, he owned roughly a hundred and twenty serfs—a homestead that guaranteed basic sustenance but failed to ensure prosperity.2 Bolotov felt that he should manage his estate himself to put his house in order. At the time of his return, he had already read two treatises by the Swiss philosopher Johann Georg Sulzer—Essay of a Few Moral Remarks on the Works of Nature (1745) and Dialogues on the Beauty of Nature (1750)—which had kindled his love for nature and prompted "a great transformation in all his emotions."3 Bolotov absorbed himself in the practical and aesthetic reorganization of his estate and began to publish articles about his various experiments. In due course he became one of the foremost agronomical and horticultural writers of the eighteenth century, championing views about the environment that were to remain ingrained in Russian culture.


Our study on vegetable and fruit producers from Arad County intends to offer a clear cut image on the vegetable and fruit production, but also on the producers' technological endowment . This paper is part of a large work and we wish to present aspects regarding the technological endowment and the producers' content towards the middleman companies.


This article gives the encoding and decoding methodology for a Modified Linear Block Code (MLBC) from the solution space of a completely controllable discrete-time system for any k length message bits. Such an established code is (n, k) linear modified block code and it is a perfect code. The decoding algorithm is developed from the syndrome polynomial. The system avoids the limitation of multiple solutions and Maximum Likelihood decoding associated with Linear Block Codes. The code is designed for minimum Hamming distance, dmin of 3. The system can be generalized for dmin = 4 and above. The performance of the said MLBC is evaluated with the help of simulation and check on all the bit positional errors has been carried out.


Accidents on sewers accompanied by the destruction of building structures have been a most serious problem not only for the water industry but also for the entire city. In the world the damage from the deterioration of reinforced concrete sewer tunnels and in-line structures due to corrosion is estimated at billions of euros per year. A way out of the current situation with corrosion in sewers can be timely and prompt repair and rehabilitation using protective coatings applied by trenchless methods. One of the methods of sewer rehabilitation is lining the internal walls of the sewers with plate composite materials (blocks) or continuous protective coatings where polymer concrete can be used. Polymer concrete comprises a thermosetting organic binder (usually epoxy resin) and a large amount of dispersed filler (talc, aerosil, crushed quartz, basalt, granite chips, etc.). The special composition of filler materials and advanced production technologies ensures the high qualities of polymer concrete. An assessment of the technical and economic indicators of the reconstruction of existing sewers and canals using polymer concrete blocks is given. Through a realistic example it is shown that the most effective option of the reconstruction of a sewer canal while ensuring environmental safety is lining with polymer concrete blocks (segments).


An optimal planning problem of a co-generation plant is studied which is constructed by combining gas turbine generators, waste heat boilers, auxiliary boilers, etc. The planning problem proposed is to determine the optimal configuration of the plant equipment taking into account the optimal operational policy of the plant for the annual energy demands of electric power and heat given a priori. Based on the annual cost method, the long-term economics of the plant is evaluated by the annual total cost, which is the objective function to be minimized. This optimal planning problem is formulated as a mixed-integer linear programming problem, and the optimal solution is derived by adopting the branch and bound method. As a result, both the configuration of the plant equipment and the operational policy are optimally determined reflecting the difference in economics and efficiency of the scale of each equipment. In addition, both the power to be purchased and the value of maximum contract demand of the purchased power is optimally determined. Using a numerical example, the validity and effectiveness of the optimal planning method proposed here is ascertained.


In recent years, supply chain management (SCM) has been developed as essential
management philosophy and practice for all business operations. As with other business
management principles, SCM also applies to the textile and apparel industries. All the
parties or members should cooperate with its downstream customers and upstream
suppliers to achieve supply chain goal. This paper was designed as an exploratory study
to investigate SCM practice and to create competitive advantages in textile and garments
(apparel) industries through efficient supply chain management from the perspective of
business processes. Current conditions of SCM practice in textile and garments industries
in Bangladesh were revealed after questionnaire survey. In this study an attempt has been
taken to develop a more effective supply chain for Bangladeshi RMG to enjoy competitive
advantage in the global apparel business through analyzing the current supply chain and
investigating the relationship among the players in the supply chain .In the conclusion
recommendation has been made to exclude a party from the current SCM.


Abstract : This report results from a contract tasking SOREQ Nuclear Research Center as follows: This work shall demonstrate the feasibility of an inventive method for a quantitative determination of residual strength of a punctured mechanical element due to holes perforated by many solid fragments. The research program will examine polycarbonate materials. The effort will build a material dependent damage function for all values of the area density of the holes, in particular for the dense populations whose behavior is previously unknown. The damage function will relate the average value of the residual strength of the element to the area density of the holes. Based on theoretical considerations, the damage function will be formulated as a semi-analytic function with experimentally determined material constants. Moreover, the results will be the represented in a form useable by structural strength and vulnerability computer codes.


We propose an analytical solution of the parameter problem of the Schwarz–Christoffel conformal mapping of the interior (exterior) of a circle onto the interior (exte-rior) of a polygon by use of the behavior of the Newtonian simple layer and logarithmic potentials equal to a constant inside of a simply connected domain.


Aim To explore the effect of estrogen on brain-derived neurotrophic factor(BDNF), and its receptor tyrosine kinase B(TrkB) and phosphorylation tyrosine kinase B(pTrkB) expression in hippocampus and amygdala of post-stroke depression(PSD) rats. Methods Female Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into a control group, a PSD group and an estrogen group. The PSD rats in the estrogen group were injected subcutaneously with 10 μg 17β-estradiol for 2 weeks. All animals were assessed for depression-like behavior at a specific time. The expression of BDNF, pTrkB and TrkB in the hippocampus and amygdala wereinvestigated using immunohistochemistry and Western blot. Results The scores of PSD group had a significant decrease either in crossing activity or in frequency of rearing compared with the control group(P0.01), and Estrogen administration showed a increase in frequency of crossing activity and rearing activity compared with PSD group(P0.01). Compared with the control group, the immobility time of PSD group was longer(P0.01).Estrogen group showed a significant decrease in the immobility time compared with PSD group(P0.01). A significant regulation of BDNF/β-actin and pTrkB/TrkB ratio in hippocampus and amygdala were observed in PSD animals treated with estradiol, compared with treated with oil(P0.01). Likewise, Estrogen can increase the protein level of BDNF and pTrkB in amygdala compared with PSD group(P0.05). Conclusion Estrogen treatment may improve depression-like behavior in PSD rats by modulating the BDNF-pTrkB signaling pathway.


The purpose of the present report was to identify the structure of the six vocational interests measured by the Holland Vocational Preference Inventory. Two independent samples of Australian high school students were used—101 males in the first study and 99 subjects (44 males and 55 females) in the second study. Principal components analysis with rotation to the varimax criterion was carried out on the 6 by 6 interscale correlation matrices. Comparison of the first three factors between the samples yielded coefficients of congruence of 0.987, 0.827 and 0.929. Results of the first and second analyses, respectively, showed that a general factor accounted for 58% and 44% of the total variance. The remaining factors which were bipolar, supported previous classifications of interests. The nature of the first factor and its importance for vocational guidance are discussed.


The present invention relates to the field of therapeutic antibodies. In particular, the invention relates to the study of therapeutic antibodies in an experimental animal. The present invention discloses a method of detecting a therapeutic antibody in a sample obtained from an experimental animal. The method includes providing a sample to be analyzed (a), (b) sample, step by binding to a therapeutic antibody and incubated with antibodies that do not bind to the immunoglobulin of said experimental animal, (c), the sample , total therapeutic antibody, active therapeutic antibody, or incubating said sample with a reagent appropriate for the selective detection of antigen binding therapeutic antibodies, and the complex formed in (d) (b) or (c), treatment comprising the step of correlating the concentration of antibody. Present in all types of human immunoglobulin class G, but monoclonal antibodies to a particular epitope that is not present in immunoglobulins of all experimental animals except the IgG of chimpanzees (MAB-M-R10Z8E9) is used.


Many applications require video content to be encoded and uploaded under specific complexity constraints. While many speed-ups are available in practical video encoder implementations, it is difficult to predict the impact of such techniques on the actual content being encoded and therefore select the best configuration to meet the given constraints. A method is proposed in this paper to automatically select the encoder configuration in order to meet complexity constraints in terms of encoding and uploading time, using a pre-trained encoder configuration transfer matrix. The algorithm ensures that the content is processed within the specified targets, as presented in the experimental evaluation, where it is shown that the encoder can accurately meet specific constraints under a variety of conditions.


The growth of portable wireless communication devices has pushed designers to design miniature size micro strip patch antenna as it offers advantages of polarisation diversity, light weight, low manufacturing cost and high reliability. This paper presents the design and simulation of inset edge fed 2X2 MIMO Elliptical shaped micro strip patch antenna at 5GHz frequency for Wi-Fi/802.11a Network. The result of 2X2 MIMO Antenna has been compared with 1X2 Antenna and simple elliptical shaped micro strip patch antenna. High Frequency Structure Simulator (HFSS) software has been used to compare and analyze the performances of antennas in term of return loss and gain and radiation pattern. It has been found that the though return loss and gain of antenna marginally improved but 2x2 MIMO antenna provides high degree of isolation Key-words: 2x2 Elliptical shaped micro strip patch antenna, bandwidth, isolation, WLAN


A new method of direct differential correction of position measurement errors which will be relieved of a large amount of corrective differential amendments transmitted to many users of the system with the necessity to choose the most accurate of them in consumers equipment.


The stress of multi-cavity die and single cavity die on pre-forging and finish-forging processes were simulated by Deform-3D respectively.The result reveals that the stress distribution of multi-cavity die is better than that of single cavity die.The value of stress is lower.Therefore the multicavity die could meet the requirement for die forging of steering knuckle of heavy truck.For the friction press is weak for unbalance loading,the cavities distribution of this die is optimized.So far,this die has produced 30,000 parts and it is still in work.


By comparing media reporting of the 2009 swine flu pandemic in Sweden, Italy, and the United Kingdom, this paper illustrates general aspects of the three countries' journalism cultures. We argue that the coverage of a specific issue, such as swine flu, may reveal more general aspects of the place of journalism in society, i.e. the specific notions of professionalism adopted by journalists and the links between journalism and the political culture of a country. The results are related to theories of the globalisation and domestication of news. On the one side, similarities concerning the amount of media attention and the timing of the spread of the virus are seen as a confirmation of globalisation. On the other side, the way this issue was covered in the three countries reveals different interpretations of professional journalism. In Italian and British newspapers, the swine flu issue assumed political colours, and journalists questioned the government's management of the pandemic. However, while Italian media criticism was strictly dependent on the newspapers' political affiliation, the watchdog function of British newspapers was performed independently of political affiliation. Finally, Swedish newspapers were more focused on the technical dimensions of the issue and renounced scrutinising the authorities' choices.


Electrospinning of thermoplastic epoxy resin—poly(hydroxyaminoether) was described.The effects of LiCl content,solution concentration of poly(hydroxyaminoether) on fiber morphology and diameter were investigated.The morphology of the fiber was observed by scanning electron miscroscope(SEM) and the fiber diameters were analyzed.Poly(hydroxyaminoether) had spinnability when LiCl was added in solution,and the spinnability of poly(hydroxyaminoether) increased with increasing LiCl contents.The fiber diameter increased with increasing LiCl contents.Thermal gravimetric analyzer(TGA) indicated that thermal properties of the poly(hydroxyaminoether) nanofiber improved with increasing LiCl contents.Moreover,the nanofibers had an excellent wettability.


The object of this study is to search new oxide based phosphors. The spinel crystallite, MgGa2O4, was selected as the host material and two rare earth ions, Eu3+ and Tb3+, were introduced as activators. With the substitution of matrix components and 2 kinds of synthesis processes employed, this study could be devided into four parts:(1)MgGa2O4:Eu3+ synthesized by sol-gel process, (2)MgxZn1-xGa2O4:Eu3+ synthesized by sol-gel process, (3) MgIn2-xGaxO4:Eu3+ synthesized bt sol-gel and solid-state reaction processes, (4) MgGa2O4:Tb3+ synthesized by sol-gel process. By using Thermal Analysis, XRD, SEM, TEM and PL spectra, the characterization and photo-luminescent properties of prepared phosphors were well investigated. The experimental results demonstrated that the MgGa2O4:Eu3+ begins to crystallize around 600℃ and forms stable spinel phase in the range of 600-900℃.Under the excitation of 394 nm, the calcined powders revealed red-emitting at 612nm (5D07F2) , and the powders prepared at 900℃ exhibited the best luminescence intensity. The MgGa2O4:Eu3+ phosphor also shows concentration quenching at about 5~6mol%. With the addition of Zn into MgGa2O4 crystallite, the crystallinity of MgxZn1-xGa2O4:Eu3+ powders gradually increased, but the luminescence intensity decreased. Under any wavelength excitation, the MgxZn1-x Ga2O4:5%Eu3+ exhibited similar emission behavior as MgGa2O4 and also emitted red light at 612nm. For MgIn2-xGaxO4:Eu3+ crystallites, by using the sol-gel process or solid-stste reaction to stnthesize the phosphors,the spinel phase only could form at above 1300℃. Distinct from typical Eu3+-activated phosphors, the extraordinary excitation spectrum shows only intense f-f transition of Eu3+ ions around 467nm without a charge transfer band. Under excitation, the obtained powders emitted bright red light at 615nm. The sample MgIn1.8Ga0.2O4:5%Eu3+ was found to have the best emission intensity. In the last section, there existed energy transfer effect between host and activators, and resulted in the in-direct excitation of Tb3+ ions. Under the excitation of host absorption band at 251 nm, the MgGa2O4:Tb3+ revealed only green emission of Tb3+ ions at 550nm without any emission of host. Among the all synthesized phosphor powders in this study, the MgGa2O4:5% Eu3+ phosphor revealed excellent color performance which is almost near to NTSC red color, but the MgIn1.8Ga0.2O4:5%Eu3+ phosphor was found to have the best emission intensity.


Electronic reading software is the key and difficult problems in the foundation of the electronic reading systems in the digital library.It's based on the combination of handware functions and features of the environment.Digital library's dissemination and promotion can do nothing without a fully functional and reasonable construction of the clectronic reading software.It's the necessary foundation of the harmonious development of the human.The paper projects the soft environment of the breadth and depth of practical study and research.


Cocoyam [Colocasia esculenta (L.) Schott] also known as taro is regarded as an important staple crop in the Pacific Islands, Asia and Africa. But, Africa has been unpopular in the taro international market though it accounted for the highest share of the global taro production level in the last two decades. Therefore, this study explores the global taro production outlook in two decades (2000–2019) with a special focus on African countries noting their challenges and limitations. Also, industrial, nutritional and health benefits of taro were discussed to showcase other viable potentials of the crop beyond its usefulness as a food security crop on the African continent.


We present an experimental and computational study of the nonlinear optical response of conduction electrons to intense terahertz (THz) electric field. Our observations (saturable absorption and an amplitude-dependent group refractive index) can be understood on the qualitative level as the breakdown of the effective mass approximation. However, a predictive theoretical description of the nonlinearity has been missing. We propose a model based on the semiclassical electron dynamics, a realistic band structure, and the free electron Drude parameters to accurately calculate the experimental observables in InSb. Our results open a path to predictive modeling of the conduction-electron optical nonlinearity in semiconductors, metamaterials, as well as high-field effects in THz plasmonics.


Objective To investigate the morphologic and functional changes of small intestinal mucosa in postoperative portal hypertension patients with single or combined administration of glutamine(Gln)and recombinant human growth hormone(rhGH).Methods Twenty-nine portal hypertension patients underwent surgical treatment were prospectively randomized to four groups as follows:Gln group(n=6),rhGH group(n=8),Gln+rhGH group(n=7)and control group(n=8).A standard solution for total parenteral nutrition(TPN)was given to every patient since postoperative day 3 and lasted for 7 days.The concentration ratio of urinary lactulose and mannitol(L/M),villus height,and crypt depth of small intestinal mucosa were then compared.Results After 7 days of TPN postoperatively,the concentration ratios of L/M in Gln + rhGH group were significantly less than those in control group(P0.05).There were not significant increases between control group and Gln group or rhGH group.Villus height and crypt depth significantly increased after TPN in the Gln+rhGH group(P0.05).The villus height in control group decreased(P0.05),whereas the crypt depth had no significant difference(P0.05).In addition,the villus height and crypt depth of Gln group and rhGH group had no significant difference after TPN(P0.05).Conclusion Gln combined with rhGH can reduce the gut permeability and ameliorate intestinal mucosal morphology in postoperative portal hypertension patients;however,neither Gln nor rhGH has such effect when used alone.