The goal of this paper is to present the results of atmospheric observations carried out to study the formation of sulfate ions on the surface of elemental carbon particles. The observations were made in our institute in suburban Budapest and at a regional background station in Hungary. Data show that in summertime sulfate and carbon aerosol are externally mixed, while in winter an important part of sulfate particles is internally mixed with elemental carbon. In winter a correlation was found between the mass concentration of sulfate and elemental carbon. We conclude that the catalytic heterogeneous oxidation of SO2 may be an important sulfate formation mechanism in winter, especially at night.


AIDS is a significant world-wide sanitation and social issue. In recent years, the AIDS spreads faster and wider. The epidemic situations in some places are very serious. AIDS spreads from high-risk group to general population. The organization and guidance of government are the fundamental guarantee that our country does well the prevention and cure of AIDS. The governments at various levels should strengthen the duty of sanitation and their leading role shall be brought into full play. They should mobilize sufficient prevention and cure resources and forces and guide the public participation in a "people's war" of prevention and cure of AIDS. We will definitely control the epidemic of AIDS.


I want to thank my critics for their excellent comments. (1) Before I try to respond to them, let me say something about the project that I intend to be contributing to. In my book, I ask the question: which rights should be universal? The book is the first of two volumes that try to answer it. In the first volume, which is the only one that has been published so far, I focus on the big picture and outline, in general terms, a list of nine basic rights. I provide both consequentialist and non-consequentialist rationales for the rights on my list. In the second volume Human Rights and Human Well-Being (forthcoming), I explain why I favor the consequentialist rationale over the non-consequentialist rationale, I specify more precisely the contours of the basic rights, and I consider which other rights should be universal. One way of understanding my book is as an attempt to continue the Enlightenment project of identifying universal rights that all governments should guarantee for their people, but without the Enlightenment epistemology. The Declaration of Independence famously says: "We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain inalienable rights, that among these are life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness." In my book, I discuss why the drafters claimed that those rights were self-evident, when, in retrospect, it is clear that their claims were not self-evident. To say that a proposition is self-evident is to assert that no one could reasonably disagree with it. At the time the Declaration of Independence was written, the prevailing model of justification for a belief was based on proof in mathematics, so I refer to it as the Proof Paradigm. Justification according to the Proof Paradigm required ruling out all reasonable disagreement. Of course, at the time during which the Declaration of Independence was written, there was lots of reasonable disagreement about universal human rights. We know that the Declaration's contents were not self-evident, not even to the drafters, because many of them held slaves and defended slavery. Furthermore, from our historical vantage point, we know that which rights governments should guarantee their people is not self-evident, because we can see how our understanding of them evolves over time. Locke, Kant, and Rousseau were the main philosophical advocates of universal rights for men (at least, white property-owners), but none of them extended those rights to women. The Enlightenment philosophers made some big mistakes. This is enough to show that there was something wrong with their epistemological paradigm, the Proof Paradigm. Because they thought they had a source of infallible moral knowledge, I say they were epistemically immodest. In my book, I emphasize the importance in moral inquiry of epistemic modesty, of acknowledging that we may be mistaken. However, many philosophers today would not stop with epistemic modesty. They would insist that there was also something wrong with the Enlightenment metaphysics--with the idea that there are fundamental moral principles that apply strictly universally--to all moral beings or all rational beings in all possible worlds. I call this metaphysical immodesty. For many philosophers, it seems obvious that if we give up the Enlightenment's epistemic immodesty, we will see that we must give up its metaphysical immodesty also. If we no longer claim to have a priori access to truths that hold in all possible worlds, then how could we possibly have any way of being justified in believing any moral principles to be universal in this strong sense? (2) In my book I build on the work of Mill, Rawls, and Habermas to outline an alternative to the Proof Paradigm as a model for reasonable moral belief, the Moral Discovery Paradigm. On the Proof Paradigm, reasoning is top-down, from moral principles to particular moral judgments. On the Moral Discovery Paradigm, reasoning is primarily bottom-up, from particular moral judgments about actual and hypothetical cases to the moral principles that best explain them. …


The basal building was a large mall in Changchun.The dynamic analysis simulation program of load factor was determined by the theory of orthogonal experimental design.Then,the simulation program was carried out by DeST-c,which was commercial building thermal environment simulating software.In order to find out the cooling load distribution rules of mall building in this area,we dealed with the result by the theory of F-variance analysis.Through investigation for the dynamic significance of every cooling load factor,we could decide the emphasis of energy-saving load design.


This paper takes the supplementary sections of "Nanyang Siang Pau" of Malaysia in 1976 as a case for study and analyzes the contents and literary works of the various pages in these supplementary sections in the particular year, including fiction, essays, prose and poetry published in pages such as "New Women", "Fiction World", "Readers' Literature", "Other Than Business", "Work and Life" etc. At the outset, the paper attempts to employ the quantitative analysis method to show how the editors classified the contents into pure literature and popular literature. Subsequently it analyzes from the genre perspective how the editors defined 'literature' as they had perceived. The paper then seeks to further its discussion by focusing on a series of questions such as "who should define literature?", "who should decide what is considered serious literary?" etc. On one hand it draws from the history of Ma-hua literature and the evolutionary traditions of the newspaper supplementary sections to examine the continuing significance of the supplementary sections of "Nanyang Siang Pau" of Malaysia in 1976. On the other, it describes the scale of literary writing and the literary ecology in the particular year from the quantitative methodology to provide an alternative viewpoint for research on Malaysian Chinese Literature, i.e. using the static research approach to explore the internal systems ecology of Ma-hua literature.


Nutristion meet a demand to baby at the age of 6-9 month can ifluence his quality of sleep. If his nutrition  meet a demand is enough, it will not experience the intrude on sleep. This study uses crossectional approach. As the variables independent is nutrition meet a demand to baby at the age of 6-9 month and the quality of sleep as the variables dependent. It's population is baby at the age of 6-9 month. In the BPS Ny. Siti Naimah, Amd. Keb, Padangasri village – Jatirejo, Mojokerto regency as many as 49 baby. The samples were selected using total sampling as many as 39 baby. Colecting data using interview for nutrition meet a demand and quality of sleep. The data have been using the pearson chi squre. The results of this study showed baby at the age of 6- month have experienced the nutrition meet a demand is less as many as 18 baby (46,2%), and experience the intrude on sleep as many as 15 baby (38,5%). In addition to that, for the baby have nutrition meet a demand is more as many as 9 baby (23,1%), all of  the baby experienced the intrude on sleep. Then, the baby have enough of nutrition meet a demand as many as 12 baby (30,8%), until that is get the intrude on sleep as many as 11 baby (28,2%). Result test of pearson chi squre using SPSS 17 can got the value  P Value Cremer's V =0,0000, then value P Value < α (0,05). Until can to conclude H 1 is accepted it means there is a relationship between meet a demand of nutrition with quality of sleep on baby at the age of 6-9 month. The meet a demand of nutrition is less or more can influence baby sleep quality. Therefore, recomended to the health workers exspesially for midwife to provide counseling to parents of baby about the precise meet a demand of nutrition intake all at once with the visiting home for look at result of counseling gived. Key words      : Meet a Demand of Nutrition, Baby, Quality of Sleep


The statue Laocoön and his Sons (fig. 1) was found on 14th of January 1506 in a subterranean chamber with an adorned floor and colouredwalls in a vineyard in the vicinity of the church of San Pietro in Vincoli, north-east of the Colosseum.1 This information originates from a letter by the son of Giuliano da Sangallo, the pope's architect at this time.2 The exact site of the find is unknown, but it has to be situated in the area of the domus aurea of Nero. Probably, it was a room of the Baths of Trajan which would correspond with the information that Pliny the Elder gives in the 36th book of his Natural History:


132 maize germplasm materials were introduced from CIMMYT in 2008,which included 50 local germplasm collections,21 hybrids and 34 moderate materials from genetic improvement nursery of CIMMYT,and 27 inbred lines.After planting and identification process of two years,most of the introduced germplasm materials showed morphological and floral characteristics similar to CIMMYT.These germplasm materials were characterized by moderate growth period,stout stalk,good grain quality and adoption to planting model of double-cropping in Guangxi.Among them,yellow grain type material CML285 showed excellent high yield and general combining ability,and could be adapted to local climate.White grain type material CML268 also showed good characters,high yield and high heritability of spike characters.Gailiangnan 60-1 showed better grain quality and higher special combining ability than CML268,which was derived from maize inbred line Nan 60-1 and improved by CML204.Through artificial inbreeding of introduced local germplasm,hybrids and moderate materials,168 stable higher generation materials were obtained which showed high yield,good growth vigor and coordination of male and female flowers.After crossing with local elite lines,600 combinations were derived from 168 higher generation materials.Furthermore,the grain quality of local maize inbred lines was improved after hybridization with the introduced materials.These introduced maize germplasm materials enriched our maize germplasm,widened genetic base of maize breeding material and accelerated the breeding of new maize varieties in Guangxi.


The advent of multicore processors has greatly increased the prevalence of concurrent programs to achieve higher performance. As programs evolve, test suite augmentation techniques are used in regression testing to identify where new test cases are needed and then generate them. Prior work on test suite augmentation has focused on sequential software, but to date, no work has considered concurrent software systems for which regression testing is expensive due to large number of possible thread interleavings. In this paper, we present TACO, an automated test suite augmentation framework for concurrent programs in which our goal is not only to generate new inputs to exercise uncovered changed code but also to explore new thread interleavings induced by the changes. Our technique utilizes results from reuse of existing test inputs following random schedules, together with a predicative scheduling strategy and an incremental concolic testing algorithm to automatically generate new inputs that drive program through affected interleaving space so that it can effectively and efficiently validate changes that have not been exercised by existing test cases. Toward the end, we discuss several main challenges and opportunities of our approach.


Taking degradation of fatigue strength with increase in loading cycles into account,the joint probability density evolution equation of fatigue strength and random factors was derived using Euler description.A probability density S-N(p-S-N) surface was obtained with a numerical method,it was used to calculate the p-S-N curve with a given survivability.The analysis based on experimental fatigue data indicated that p-S-N curves with 95% survivability predicted by p-S-N,Monte Carlo simulation and S-N relation ship having parameters with a given fractile agree well;p-S-N provides a complete probability description of S-N relationship,independent of a probability distribution assumption.


SUMMARY
This report presents the unusual occurrence of a simple congenital renal cyst in an infant. The patient was a 5-month-old male; the right kidney was involved. Bilateral cysts of this nature have not yet to our knowledge been recorded, but in our case hydronephrosis, resulting from congenital ureteral stenosis, affected the contralateral kidney.


Work-related learning, whereby a student has the opportunity to undertake a project or work alongside staff in an organisation, is encouraged and recommended in many publications even if they are short-term (Thompson, 2016; Pang, 2015; Cooper, 2015). However, the burden of work in my experience generally falls on the academic in charge of the placement course and is rarely accurately recognised in any workload model. So, are these short-term placements worth the effort?


IDEA OF NATURAL ORDER AS A BASIS FOR POLITICAL THINKING IN THE SERMONS OF MYKOLAS PRANCIŠKUS KARPAVIČIUS

Analysis of the idea of natural order in the sermons of Mykolas Pranciškus
Karpavičius (Michał Franciszek Karpowicz, 1744–1803) is presented in the
article.
M. P. Karpavičius in his sermons elucidated societal relations emphasising
natural law. In his teachings social state was understood as an outcome of a divine
organisation and meant that a human being – a social member of the society, with
a gift of natural reason – has to make decisions that create his wellbeing. Such an
explication where society is attributed to natural order was a main pillar upon
which his political thought rested. It encompassed the goal of the upbringing of
a rational and reasonable individual, which by itself connected aspects of both
religious and secular life.
M. P. Karpavičius' sermons have to be understood in the context of physiocratic
political tradition, which accentuated the preference of the nation through
its natural rights and liberties which require the political contract in order to
achieve security and safety of one's property. Following the reasoning that social
condition stems from the natural order, M. P. Karpavičius upheld the physiocratic
ideals while naming the principles of authority. According to him, authority is
needed to ensure security, prosperity and justice of the society. Being a Catholic
enlightener he emphasised that the main task of any government, no matter its
form, is to protect the natural rights. In its essence this argument remains physiocratic,
emphasising the basic tenets of life, property and justice.
Accentuating the natural order and Christian values, he taught that duties
accepted as upheld laws are a continuation of the natural order and natural condition
stemming from citizen's obligations related to the established society. In the
sphere of political thinking this allowed to emphasise the nobility's obligations
towards the body politic as an inherent part of their citizenship, and at the same
time depreciate their political privileges.
Out of the principles of the natural order consistently followed the concept
of natural liberty, which allowed the implementation of the functions of natural
right. This concept of liberty together with directions to uphold laws and societal
duties directly influenced the understanding of noble liberty, because enlightened
teaching encouraged to rethink its limits. M. P. Karpavičius emphasised differences
between rational liberty and licence, explaining that reasonable liberty in the enlightened
society has to be restricted. Natural liberty was understood as a liberty
limited by the law ensuring political existence of the nation. The guarantee of such
liberty assured the security of justice and law abiding citizens. Licence and anarchy
were presented as opposition to the interests of the state and society leading the
state to a demise. Antithesis to licence and anarchy relied on a simple argument
of aspiration to have order in the state and was elucidated as rational liberty.
Universal education was understood as an instrument in upbringing of the
civil society, which understands the limits of its freedom and its duties. Meaning
of such a concept of citizenship manifested itself as a rational reflection of the civic
existence. It emphasised the principles of natural order and civic duties, criticised
licence and established an idea of rational liberty. Supporting such a concept M.
P. Karpavičius emphased citizenship as engagement towards the state and God.
Such understanding was connected to the goals of state prosperity, was named
love of motherland and was traced not to the noble heritage, but to duties stemming
from the natural order. Being a citizen meant upholding one's duties and in
this way securing one's life, liberty and prosperity. Civic relationship stemming
from nature was understood as the only incentive needed in order to uphold the
relationship itself.
Sermons by M. P. Karpavičius can be identified as a local programme for
citizen upbringing emphasizing goals of state prosperity. Emphasis on citizenship
was directed towards foundation of the will of the nation, understood as
a common and public matter. The upbringing of citizens was understood as an
inseparable part of the teaching on how to be a proper nation. It was a goal to
change individuals that think only about their own wellbeing into citizens that
care about the common good.

Keywords: Michał Franciszek Karpowicz, natural order, social state, liberty,
citizenship.


The content of the notion of "legislative technique" and its transformation in the law of Russia are revealed. The main attention is paid to the importance of improving legal techniques in modern Russia.


The music works'style is mainly determined by the melody,harmony,rhythm,etc.The function of rhythm is particularly outstanding.In different eras,regions and nationalities,the comprehend of musical rhythm is different too.So the rhythm is entrusted with different characters.The music rhythm from ancient to Baroque period experiences a complicated and diversified evolution process.


Not just for anglers: An unprecedented oxygenate selectivity of 70?% in the Fischer–Tropsch synthesis is achieved by using a Ru nanoparticle catalyst in the aqueous phase. A kinetic analysis of the anomalous temperature dependence of the chain growth probability shows that hydrocarbons and oxygenates are formed on different sites. Oxygenates (hydrocarbons) form on sites with high (low) barrier for CO dissociation.


Biology offers a great model for emulation in areas ranging from tools, computational algorithms, materials science, mechanisms and information technology. In recent years, the field of biomimetics, namely mimicking biology, has blossomed with significant advances enabling the reverse engineering of many animals' functions and implementation of some of these capabilities.


Watershed transformation is a powerful morphological tool for image segmentation. However, the performance of the image segmentation methods based on watershed transformation depends largely on the algorithm for computing the gradient of the image to be segmented. In this paper, we present a multi-scale gradient algorithm based on morphological operators for watershed-based image segmentation, with effective handling of both step and blurred edges. We also present an algorithm to eliminate the local minima produced by noise and quantization errors. Experimental results indicate that watershed transformation with the algorithms proposed in this paper produces meaningful segmentations, even without a region-merging step.


The invention discloses a method for synthesizing acarbose through microbial fermentation, which comprises the following steps that acarbose producing strains CCTCC NO: M 209022 are inoculated to a fermentation culture medium containing carbon sources, nitrogen sources and inorganic salt applicable to all strains, the fermentation culture is carried out for 96 to 192hours at 20 to 32 DEG C, afterthe fermentation is completed, the obtained fermentation liquid is extracted and separated, and the acarbose is obtained. The method is characterized in that the fermentation culture is carried out for 0 to 60h, and water solution of ademetionine is added, so the ademetionine concentration in the fermentation culture medium is 1 to 300 mu mol/L. Through the supplementary addition of the ademetionine in the acarbose fermentation process, the fermentation level of the acarbose is improved.


The writer tried the time series analysis of the seasonal disease, beriberi, to find out the type of the seasonal periodicity by means of auto-correlation method applying the cyclic distribution. 1) Analysis by means of auto-correlation method ; She calculated the autocerrelation coefficient of the death rates of beriberi in 5 yeas, 1926 to 1930, and drew correloraznnl using the cocfficint. There is a clearr period of 12 months which has wide amplitude in the curves of four cities in Kansai district and of two cities in Kanto district. While in the cities of Southern Kyushu and Hokkaido, there are two periods; one is the period of 12 months with wide amplitude and the other is the small period of 6 months, however not so clear. 2) Means of appling the cyclic distribution a The writer tried to express the seasonal death curve of beriberi by composition of t wv o periods, which have one. year normal cyclic distribution. The phase of the second period however slips down by half a year. The first period was supposed to have the cause of outbreak in summer while the second in winter. The temporal distribution curve of beriberi death rate is expressed by _??_ In the cases Osaka city and Fuk _??_ ka city, the writer calculated the value of constants. Next if she calculate, using the debern-dned constats, nthe monthly death rates of beriberi in these cities as the actual value, she can get the distribution curve shown in the graph and find out that the actual measurement coincides with calculation well. Judging from the above-mentioned facts, there will be some reason easy to cause beriberi death even in winter in some district. Concerning the correlogramm and the type of distribution curve, of beriberi deaths, there can be seen a considerable regional difference as was referred in this report. The writer will publish another study on the question of medical geography what environmental factors are the cause of this regional difference.


Abstract. The two-toed amphiuma, Amphiuma means, is a large aquatic salamander and a potentially important predator of crayfish. However, little is known about the effects of predation by A. means on crayfish communities. This study was carried out to determine if there is a size preference in A. means predation on crayfish. A. means was expected to prefer medium sized crayfish in accordance with the optimal foraging theory because they were more energetically rewarding than smaller crayfish but easier to capture than larger crayfish. Seven similarly-sized A. means were placed in individual aquatic mesocosms. Six crayfish of the subgenus Scapulicambarus, two from each of three size categories, were also placed in each tub. The percent mortality and location of the crayfish in the tub were observed for 11 days. A. means had a significant preference for medium-sized crayfish on day four, but there were no significant differences among predation rates by the final day. Small crayfish had the lowest predation rates. Surviving crayfish were found most often on the edges of the tubs. Medium-sized crayfish may have experienced the highest amount of predation because they have weaker defenses than large crayfish and are unable to hide as well as small crayfish. However, crayfish may be unable to outgrow predation because even some of the largest crayfish were preyed upon during the experiment.


The aim of this work was to study the phenology of Aniba parviflora (Meisn.) Mez. The study was developed in Curaua experimental farm located in Curua-Una highway in Santarem - Para. The record of phenophases was conducted on 15 trees and the monitoring period lasted 44 months, between May / 2011 to December / 2014 being the headquarters monitored monthly. The evaluated phenophases were flowering season, fructification and leaf change. In phenological evaluation was recorded the intensity of each event and synchrony. The influence of climatic factors on the phenological phases was analyzed using the Spearman correlation coefficient ( r s ). The flowering phenology was more intense in the rainy season, with flower buds showing significant correlation with rainfall ( r s =0.399), mean temperature ( r s =-0.448), maximum temperature ( r s =-0.440) and humidity ( r s =0.472) and flowers open with an average temperature ( r s =-0.354) and humidity ( r s =0.397). The phenophase green fruits showed peaks at both the stations and there was no significance to climate variables. Considering the mature fruit, the highest intensities were in the dry season, with significant correlation with rainfall ( r s =-0.5894), average temperature ( r s =0.755), maximum temperature ( r s =0.700) and humidity ( r s =-0.771). In the dry season occurred the greatest manifestations of phenophases little leaf / leafless and significant correlation with average temperature ( r s =-0.528), maximum temperature ( r s =-0.579) and humidity ( r s =-0.543). In the rainy season occurred the highest peaks of old leaves. There was a correlation between old leaves with a mean temperature ( r s =-0.523), maximum temperature ( r s =-0.585) and humidity ( r s =- 0.470). The major and minor peaks phenophase new leaves were observed at both stations. There was a significant correlation with rainfall ( r s =-0.326), average temperature ( r s =0.304) and maximum temperature ( r s =0.319) and phenophase new leaves. Phenophases that showed high synchrony were the flower buds (68%), green fruits (82%), new leaves (80%) and old leaves (100%). The species can be considered evergreen with subanual reproductive pattern. Keywords: Phenophases; % of Fournier; macacaporanga; synchrony.


This paper describes the performance of a fluidic microrobot using Electrowetting on Dielectric (EWOD). A system to control the fluidic microrobot was designed, constructed and deployed in the NIST Mobile Microrobotics Challenge at ICRA 2011. The microrobots (0.1 M KCl and 550 μm diameter) demonstrated the ability to perform controlled maneuvers in 2-D while transporting hydrophilic objects. The EWOD system is composed of a DIP-mounted die produced via standard microfabrication techniques and containing the control electrodes / competition arena, and a transparent ITO cover slip for grounding. Key advantages of this platform include a scalable design for batch EWOD system fabrication, potential simultaneous control of multiple microrobots, and an easily portable, compact system design.


More researches have shown that real-time Twitter data can be used to predict market movement of securities and other financial instruments. The Universal Language Model Fine-Tuning (ULMFiT) is a new approach which is based on training a language model and transferring its knowledge to a final classifier. We propose to fine tune the ULMFiT model by optimizing the parameters and training the model in a deterministic approach to increase the reproducibility. In this paper, we performed multi-class classification using Fine-Tuned ULMFiT, Naive Bayes, SVM, Logistic Regression, Random Forest, Decision Tree, K-Nearest Neighbors, on the Twitter US Airline data set from Kaggle. A model is built firstly for six major U.S. airlines that performs sentiment analysis on customer reviews so that the airlines can have fast and concise feedback. Recommendations is made secondly on the most important aspect of services they could improve given customers complains. Significant accuracy has achieved, which shows that our models are reliable for future prediction. Also, the accuracy of different models is compared, and results show that Random Forest is the best approach.


This paper discusses representative examples of audio recordings of traditional Serbian church chant, an important testimony to Orthodox Serbian cultural and spiritual heritage, as well as the characteristics of this oral musical tradition in the twentieth century. My focus lies not only on the most important published audio recordings, but also on the collection of the unpublished audio recordings from the field work on the wide territory of Serbian cultural space, that is: in Serbia, Dalmatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina and Hungary during the last three decades of the twentieth century. All of the examples mentioned in the text represent traditional Serbian church chant in its original, unison version, sometimes also as two-part singing. Taking into account the ethnological and anthropological perception of the multi-generational transmission and concurrent adaptation to the cultural, historical and societal changes, as well as the link between the heritage and the cultural uniqueness of its creators and carriers, these recordings were approached as the authentic trace of a live tradition, and a key to the assessment, study and preservation of the Serbian church chant, as an element of the intangible cultural heritage.


Background: The Senior or elderly population is rapidly growing in Nepal. They sustain injuries fall frequently which is mostly unintentional and occurs either inside or outside of house. The cost of treatment is high. The most effective fall prevention strategies are multifactorial interventions targeting identified risk factors, exercises for muscle strengthening combined with balance training and withdrawal of psychotropic medication. Objective: To study the pattern and associated rule factors of fall injuries among elderly patients from frequenting in the emergency. Method: It is an observational cross sectional study of fall in senior people presenting in emergency ward using a semi-structured questionnaire. Result: Male and female subjects were 76 (54.3%) and 64 (45.7%) respectively. Among 140 patients, 115 (82.1%) were living with families and 25 (17.9%) were living alone. Fifty six (40%) patients sustained injuries in early morning, fifty-two (37.1%) in late evening and thirty two (22.9%) in the afternoon. Seventy-three percent subjects fell outside and 26.40% fell inside house. Sixty-five (53.6%) patients were suffering from chronic diseases. Fifty-seven (40.7%) patients were suffering from visual impairment. Fourty-seven (33.6%) patients had multiple joints problem, 20% subjects were anaemic. Hypoglyceaemia was present in fifteen (10.7%) subject. Eighteen (12.9%) subjects had a history of fall in past. Eighteen (12.9%) subject had head injury. Twelve (8.6%) subjects had chest injury. Three (2.1%) subjects had abdominal injury and 24 (17.1%) spinal injury. Seventy-three (52.1%) subjects had fracture, 30 (21.4%) had soft tissue injury, 48 (34.3%) external injury and 11 (7.9%) eye most common injury found in elderly patients in this set up. Mosy of the fall injury injuries. Of all 82 (30.7%) patients were admitted in hospital. Conclusion: Fracture of bone was the occurred outside home. Most of the patients required admission in the hospital for treatment.


In contrast to the treatment of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children and adolescents, few disorder-oriented psychotherapeutic approaches are currently available for the treatmen


The invention discloses a method for manufacturing a flexible substrate, the flexible substrate manufactured by using the method and a display device comprising the flexible substrate. The method comprises the following steps: coating a plurality of film layers on a glass carrier, wherein each pair of adjacent film layers in at least one pair of adjacent film layers in the film layers is formed as follows: coating a first film layer and coating a second film layer on the first film layer, so that the first film layer is covered with the second film layer, wherein the area of the second film layer is greater than that of the first film layer; and peeling off the formed film layer structure from the glass carrier so as to form the flexible substrate.


In the new era of transformation development of institutions of higher education, in order to meet the need of regional economic development and social and economic construction, the key of talent cultivation in colleges and universities is to produce application-oriented talents who can meet social requirements. It is necessary to cultivate special talents with certain vocational competitive ability. Practical and effective measures should be taken in terms of talent cultivation. On the basis of mastering basic theories, students' practice ability should also be strengthened, thus problems concerning personal technical ability are solved and social and economic development's requirements for talents are meet. As a result, application-oriented talents who can meet social requirements are produced. Building an innovative talent cultivation system and strengthening cultivation of students' application-oriented innovation ability have important theoretical and practical significance in professional talent cultivation. This paper puts forward the establishment of an application-oriented innovative talent cultivation system, which has important theoretical significance for professional research. Keywords—application-oriented; innovative talent cultivation; curriculum system; teaching staff


An approach is introduced for analysing the effects of finite word length and testing the stability in digital filters. Based on the analysis of both the quantisation errors of filter coefficients and the computational roundoff errors of multiplications and additions, a sufficient stability condition is introduced to give an insight into the hardware/cost tradeoff for word-length design choices under the effects of finite word length. The Bellman-Gronwall lemma in discrete form is employed to tackle this problem. In addition, some numerical examples are presented to illustrate the results.


Aqueous foams, as emulsions, microgels or pastes, have rich and complex, but not yet fully understood, rheological properties. In the same time, it is striking to observe very generic and similar features in the macroscopic rheological curves of all these different systems. To illustrate and to better understand some of these universal behaviors, we report here new experiments on well controlled aqueous foams (with various liquid fractions, and chemical components). First, we report results of oscillatory rheometry (frequency and amplitude sweep tests) at fixed shear rate. Usually, such sweep experiments are performed by varying frequency at fixed amplitude (or the opposite). We show here that this new mode of oscillatory measurements allows us to understand how the viscoelastic moduli depend on the oscillation frequency and amplitude. This also provides new understanding on the non-linear regimes observed at low frequencies and high amplitude. In particular, performing oscillations at controlled shear rates shift towards higher values the low frequency behavior: we can then have access to information on the slow relaxation processes, and on how these relaxation modes are actually activated by imposing a shear rate. Once experiments are performed at controlled shear rate, we show that we can recover, by these macroscopic measurements, some of the results obtained at the bubble scale on the rate of coarsening-induced rearrangements. Secondly, by steady-shear rheometry coupled to multiple light scattering, we show that different wall slip regimes can be found, depending on the bubble surface properties and on the liquid fraction. These different regimes can be explained by analyzing where and how the viscous dissipation occurs inside the foam structure as it slips. As well, we show that as the foam slips on a wall, some liquid is re-distributed inside the structure, evidencing some poroelastic effects. In all these aspects of wall slip and oscillatory shear, we also compare and discuss how far these results obtained on foams are universal and valid for other systems.


Strata of the Central sub-basin in the Gunsan Basin, offshore, western Korea were analyzed by using integrated stratigraphy approach. As a result, five distinct unconformity-bounded units are...


Beef production technology is based on maximum usage of genetic potential of animal productivity. In this regard, it is important to determine early economically useful traits of animals, including live weight at birth. The aim of the research was to study the influence of live weight of Hereford calves at birth on their subsequent meat productivity. The study was carried out in the conditions of OOO Hereford Organic, Cherdaklinsky district, Ulyanovsk region. Two groups of calves were formed according to the method of pair-analogues, taking into account the date of birth, each group included 10 heads. The differences between the groups were in live weight: group 1 - live weight 22 - 28 kg, group 2 - live weight 30 - 36 kg. As a result of the research, it was found that live weight at birth influences meat productivity of animals. The bull-calves of the second group, which had a live weight at birth of 30 kg or more, outperformed the bull-calves of the 1st group, which had a live weight at birth of 22-28 kg, in absolute gain in live weight by 63.6 kg (14.1%) and average daily gain by 117 .8 g (14.1%). Large heifers grew and developed better than smaller heifers. Their live weight at 18 months exceeded the live weight of heifers of the 1st group by 35.5 kg (8.3%). The bulls of the second group exceeded the weight of the carcass of the peers of the first group by 43.9 kg, which is 16.3%, the carcass yield by 0.6 p.p., the slaughter weight by 47.5 kg or 16.8%, the slaughter yield by 0.8 p.p. Also, the flesh content in their carcasses was higher by 33.6 kg, or 17.0%, fat by 4.7 kg, or 26.6%.


The Review office continued to operate smoothly over the course of the past year, following the same procedures outlined in previous reports. Merle Levy and Mary Giles continued to handle the editing of the manuscripts and book reviews. The office work was aided by three graduate student interns, Brad Gitz, Bruce Nesmith, and Brian Mount, and two undergraduate assistants, Marie Scantleberry and Eric Elder. The graduate interns were responsible for activities connected with the manuscript and book review flows, and the undergraduates had primary responsibility for data management in connection with the operation of the microcomputers. The Lisa with its 10 megabyte hard disk and added 5 megabyte Profile hard disk has been a wonderful aid in facilitating recordkeeping in connection with manuscripts, books, and reviewers and integrating the various functions connected with the processing of both manuscripts and books. We currently have active historical records on close to 6,000 individuals. These records include current addresses, academic training, areas of expertise, items published, and track records with respect to their activities connected with the Review.


To improve computational efficiency in synthetic aperture radar (SAR) image matching, a fast image matching method using a novel two-step searching strategy (coarse-to-fine) is proposed in this letter. This method is based on two-column histogram (TCH) hashing and improved random sample consensus (RANSAC). First, coarse matching is conducted using a novel TCH hashing, which is notable for its robustness and speed. Compared with the discrete cosine transform used in perceptual hashing, TCH describes SAR images more accurately and rapidly. Then, in the refining stage, key points are detected and described in the coarser scales using scale-invariant feature transform. The Euclidean distance strategy and the improved RANSAC based on prior energy function (P-RANSAC) are then employed to implement matching. On the basis of prior information, a model of energy function has been constructed to improve sampling strategy. Experimental results on various SAR images show that the proposed approach outperforms the state-of-the-art algorithms in SAR image matching.


The invention discloses a quantization evaluating device and method for dyskinesia symptoms of Parkinson and related extrapyramidal diseases. The device comprises an S-shaped gait channel, a finger inertia element node, a body inertia element node, a high-speed image collection unit, a central computer, an inertia element synchronization box, a synchronization state lamp, a wireless router, a switch and a power supply. The method comprises the steps of starting initialization of devices and starting the devices, adding basic information of testing personnel or searching existing testing personnel, selecting a collection mode, synchronizing a data collection unit module, collecting, displaying and storing data under assigned actions in real time, analyzing the data, and storing and printing quantization evaluating results. According to the quantization evaluating device and method for the dyskinesia symptoms of the Parkinson and related extrapyramidal diseases, the subjective evaluating method depending on the experiment of clinicians is thoroughly changed, and the device and method have improved theoretical value and realistic guidance significance on treatment of patients with dyskinesia, making of rehabilitation schemes and judgment of the curative effect and a prognosis.


A new computer code, ZAP, has been written to study the influence of various collective effects on the performance of electron storage rings. In particular, the code can evaluate the equilibrium emittance of a ring including the effects of intrabeam scattering. Examples are presented of utilizing the code to optimize the design of storage rings for the purposes of a third-generation synchrotron radiation source and a high-gain free-electron laser. In addition, the importance of the intrabeam scattering emittance blowup to the issue of low energy injection is discussed. be design compact predictions comparisons are made with experimental measurements of low energy beam emittance taken from the storage reasonable agreement is obtained .


The present paper studied numerically the effect of viscous dissipation on the steady mixed convection in lid-driven cavity filled with porous medium. The left vertical wall of the cavity heated to a temperature (Th) while the right wall cooled to a temperature (Tc), the horizontal walls of cavity are kept adiabatic. A numerical program written in COMSOL Multiphysics software, was developed, to solve the Navier Stokes and energy equations, under the Darcy-Brinkman formulation. In order to investigate the viscous dissipation effect a comparison is made between four models. Moreover, the entropy generation and Nusselt number were studied as a function of Darcy number. The results show that the influence of the different viscous dissipation models on the entropy generation strongly depends on the Darcy number and can in some case reverse the heat transfer from the fluid to the heated wall.


Nowadays, online credit card transactions has become a hot spot for frauds. The amount spent by a person using his credit card can vary and there is never a particular pattern of a person's expenses. Due to this characteristic of credit card use and its fraud, traditional algorithms cannot be implemented for credit card fraud detection. We required some trial and error methods which also gained experience over time. Analysis of the application areas and relevance of neural networks was done. Various software creating, training neural networks were studied. Finally, the results obtained were analyzed.


Dance education should not be thought of as only regarding the motor learning perspective. This chapter will look at how the motor challenges happen and which physical capacities would aid the efforts and qualities of the movement. The Taxonomy of Pitta's Dance was envisioned based on the first movement analysis by Rudolf Laban. Laban Movement Analysis system was proposed observing the dynamic change in the quality of movement, which can be compared to the variability of motor behaviour. From this analysis, motor challenges may be consistent and compatible with the movement studied. Understanding the movement qualities during choreography allows the development of an effective physical training program for dancers to support the choreography characteristics and decrease injuries.


In this paper, the experimental results of self-erase of wall charge in a coplanar dielectric barrier discharge excited by a square-wave with duty ratio are presented. The discharge characteristics including the peak and the time delay of the current depending on the sustain voltage are investigated. The results show that the wall charge can be erased at higher voltage supply. The discharge processes are asymmetric in two half-cycles of one period when the self-discharge occurs.


This paper proposed the scheme of approximating Catmull-Clark subdivision surfaces with bicubic Bezier patches on Graphics Processing Unit(GPU).First,the basis mesh of Catmull-Clark subdivision surface was loaded and converted into internal representation on CPU.Second,the control points of bicubic Bezier patches were computed by using the information of internal representation on GPU.Then the control points of bicubic Bezier patches and the parameters of precomputed UV parametric squads were read by GPU and used to generate the control vertices of the resulting mesh.Lastly the resulting mesh was rendered by making use of DirectX10.By which,the higher quality of the object can be obtained and the speed of rendering can increase.


Abstract In this study, the physicochemical properties, fatty acid profiles, and tocopherol compositions of Pinus koraiensis L. nut oils were evaluated, and the impact of different extraction technologies on the overall quality of pine nut oil was assessed. All the pine nut oils had pleasant and characteristic odor and flavor of the pine nuts and the flavor of the oil from hot-pressing was strongest. The oils obtained by hexane extraction and sub-critical extraction had less deterioration, indicating hexane extraction and sub-critical extraction preserve the oil quality well. Gas chromatography showed that the predominant fatty acid was linoleic acid (45.36%–45.91%), followed by oleic acid (26.91%–27.10%), and pinolenic acid (13.33%–13.63%), respectively. The oils from hexane extraction of cold-pressed cake and sub-critical extraction were richer in tocopherols and tocotrienols, namely, 37.52 and 36.18 mg/100g, respectively, with α-tocopherol most abundant. The pine nut oils from hexane extraction of cold-pressed cake, hexane extraction, cold pressing, and sub-critical extraction had better oxidation stability with the oxidation induction times of 6.91, 5.27, 4.96 and 4.93 h, respectively. Based on its features, P. koraiensis nut oil may have the multiple application in edible oil, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical industry. P. koraiensis can be one of the good woody candidates for closing the gap between the demand and production of vegetable oils. Supported by Henan Provincial Scientific and Technological Research Project (No.15210221027).


. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between consumer awareness of ESG activities of coffee shops on corporate image and customer long-term orientation. Forty-seven valid questionnaires collected from customers visiting Starbucks in Busan Metropolitan City were analyzed in terms of demographical analysis, validity-and-reliability analysis, correlation analysis, and multiple regression analysis by using the statistical program SPSS Ver 26.0. As a result of the empirical analysis, first, it was confirmed that the environmental, social, and governance factors of coffee shops have a statistically significant (+) relationship with Starbucks corporate image. This result supports hypothesis 1 that the ESG activities of coffee shops will have a positive effect on the corporate image. Second, it was confirmed that the corporate image has a statistically significant positive relationship with the long-term orientation of customers. This is the result of supporting hypothesis 2 that corporate image will have a positive effect on customer long-term orientation. Third, the environmental factors and social factors of ESG activities in coffee shops were found to have a statistically significant (+) effect on long-term orientation, but the governance factors did not have a significant effect on long-term orientation. The implications that the results have are as follows: First, it can be said that the study contributed academically in that it attempted to investigate the relationship between the corporate image and the formation and influence of customers' long-term orientation caused by the ESG management activities of coffee shops. Second, in order to carry out ESG activities in the enterprise, it is inevitable to put considerable time and cost into the activities, and in the end, there will be limitations to carrying out ESG management activities in the long run unless there is an increase in sales through the use or purchase of consumers. Therefore, the government provides an implication that it is necessary to provide ESG activity policies and economic support for small and medium-sized enterprises with weaker financial capabilities than large corporations.


This paper reports on the use of electrolyte-enabled distributed transducers in a polymer-based microfluidic device for the detection of distributed static and dynamic loads. The core of the device is a polymer rectangular microstructure integrated with electrolyte-enabled distributed transducers. Distributed loads acting on the polymer microstructure are converted to different deflections along the microstructure length, which are further translated to electrical resistance changes by electrolyte-enabled distributed transducers. Owing to the great simplicity of the device configuration, a standard polymer-based fabrication process is employed to fabricate this device. With custom-built electronic circuits and custom LabVIEW programs, fabricated devices filled with two different electrolytes, 0.1 M NaCl electrolyte and 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium dicyanamide electrolyte, are characterized, demonstrating the capability of detecting distributed static and dynamic loads with a single device. As a result, the polymer-based microfluidic device presented in this paper is promising for offering the capability of detecting distributed static and dynamic loads in biomedical/surgical, manufacturing and robotics applications.


The clinical features of 166 patients with ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament are reported. Symptoms of cervical myelopathy develop and include difficulty walking and sensory and motor disturbances. Roentgenograms disclose dense ossification posterior to the vertebral bodies, and symtoms are most often observed when the ossification occupies more than 60% of the saggital diameter of the cervical canal. Posterior decompression is the most effective surgical treatment. Two patients with ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament and ankylosing spinal hypertosis expired and necropsy was performed. The histologic features of the spine and spinal cord are described.


INTRODUCTION :
The clustering of insulin resistance, dysglycemia, dyslipidemia & hypertension was originally defined as syndrome X in 1988 by Reaven. Definitions of metabolic syndrome that also include a measure of central obesity have been developed between 1999 & 2001 by the WHO, European Group for the Study of Insulin Resistance & National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Adult Treatment Panel III (ATP III). The ATP III criteria also recognized the association between the above factors & both pro inflammatory & prothrombotic states as reflected by increased CRP & plasminogen activator inhibitor levels, but these are not required for definition. The factors involved in each of these definitions are summarized. AIM OF THE STUDY :
1. To assess the prevalence of Overweight and Hypertension in adolescent school children.
2. To assess the association of factors like Sex, Socioeconomic status,
Family H/O obesity, Family H/O HT/DM and Hours of physical activity with overweight in these children.
MATERIALS AND METHODS :
STUDY DESIGN : Cross sectional survey/ Case control study.
PLACE OF STUDY : Govt. Middle Schools, High Schools and Higher Secondary
Schools & Private Schools in Chengalpattu.
INCLUSION : Healthy boys and girls 13 – 17 years .
CRITERIA : EXCLUSION CRITERIA :
Obesity due to endocrine abnormalities,
Syndrome associations,
Secondary hypertension,
Cardiac / Renal disease,
Chronic drug intake,
SAMPLE SIZE:
For an existing prevalence of 10%, with 20% precision accuracy and 95% confidence interval, sample size calculated by formula is 1060. n = 1060
CASES :
Children "at risk of overweight" and "overweight"
BMI 85th to 94th percentile - "at risk of overweight"
BMI >95th percentile - "overweight"
All children above 85th percentile will be arbitrarily taken as overweight for this study purpose.
Blood pressure >95th percentile - "hypertension"
CONTROLS : Normal children
RISK FACTORS:
 1. SEX,
 2. SOCIOECONOMIC STATUS :
The modified Kuppusamy Scale (1997-1998) was used which takes into consideration education and occupation of the parent and the monthly per capita income. Children with a score of fifteen and above were arbitrarily assigned to the high socioeconomic status and those with score <15 were put in the low socioeconomic group.
3. FAMILY H/O HT/DM,
4. FAMILY H/O OBESITY ,
5. PHYSICAL ACTIVITY :
Arbitarily those children with a physical activity of < 30 minutes for 4 days/week were taken to be at a higher risk.
METHODOLOGY:
The subjects of the study were adolescent school children between the ages of 13 – 17 years of both sexes and belonging to high and low socioeconomic classes as per the modified Kuppusamy's scale.
Age was taken in completed years from the school records.
Height was taken using a vertical scale to the nearest 0.5 cm.
Weight was measured using a standard weighing scale to the nearest 0.5 kg.
The procedure was informed to all children and measures had been taken to reduce their anxiety. Their cooperation was sought specifically for information regarding their father's education, occupation, monthly income, no of family members, family H/O obesity, HT/DM, hours of physical activity, details of any previous illness or chronic drug intake.
SUMMARY :
 The prevalence of HT (BP> 95th percentile) in adolescent children 13 – 17 yrs was found to be 9.21 % in boys and 8.18% in girls.
 • BP levels were found to increase progressively with age.
 • "At risk for overweight" and "overweight" (BMI >85th percentile) had an overall prevalence of 10.47% (8.82% in males and 12% in females).
 • High socio economic status, family H/o obesity and family H/O HT/DM were found to be independent risk factors for overweight in the children studied.


Motivated largely by the economic benefits of energy efficiency, and as one of 10 energy-intensive groups targeted by DOE's energy conservation policy, the pulp, paper, and paperboard industry has invested billions of dollars since 1972. The industry achieved a 35.5% reduction in fossil fuel and purchased energy use per ton of output by 1982 compared to 1972. The industry also increased the use of self-generated and residue sources of energy from 40.4 to 51.7% of total energy used while increasing product output by energy 13%, reduced total oil consumption by 49% and total fossil fuel and purchased energy consumption by 22%, and exceeded the 1980 energy efficiency goal of 23% reduction in its adjusted use of fossil fuels and purchased energy per ton of product by an additional 3%. The report includes details and trends over the 10-year period. 22 figures, 27 tables.


Objective A model was established by this study to explore anti-adenovirus effect of different administration method of Chinese medicine Liushen pill on adenovirus type 3 (ADV-3) replication in HEp-2 cells.Metods Using ethanol refluxing to prepare Liushen pill suspension.TC50 was calculated by MTT assay.Cell culture was applied to observe the effect of adenovirus type 3(ADV-3) replication through prevention,treatment or direct inactivation of three different drug administration methods.Results Liushen pill suspension was found to be a potential inhibitor of Adv-3 in a concentration(TC50) of 40.48μg/ml in HEp-2 cell culture.The median inhibition concentration(IC50) was 19.28 μg/ml when drug was added after virus infection,and it was 8.61 μg/ml when drug was mixed with virus and added,and it was 28.91 μg/ml when drug was added before virus injection.The therapeutic index (TI) was 1.4,2.1,4.7 repectively.Conclusion The results showed Liushen pill suspension could inhibit the replication of ADV-3 and inactive ADV-3 in vitro.

Key words:
Adenoviridae;  Liushen pill;  in vitro;  Cytopathogenic effect, viral


Among 23 cytochrome P450s, CYP125A4 was proposed as a putative monooxygenase based on the high level of amino acid sequence homology (54% identity and 75% similarity) with the well characterized C27-steroid CYP125A1. Utilizing MTBCYP125A1 as a template, homology modeling of SPCYP125A4 was conducted by Accelrys Discovery Studio 3.1 software. The modeled SPCYP125A4 structure with lowest energy value was subsequently assessed for its stereochemical quality and side-chain environment. The final model was generated by showing its active site through the molecular dynamics. The docking of steroids showed broad specificity of SPCYP125A4 with different orientation of ligand within active site facing the heme. One poses of C27-steroid with C26 facing the heme with distance of 3.734 from the Fe were predominant.


Despite the rhetoric of diversity in higher education, trends toward greater representation of historically underrepresented minority (URM) faculty have not significantly improved post-Civil Rights. The percentages of historically underrepresented African American, Latino, and Native American faculty in all higher education institutions are well below parity with their percentage in the total U.S. population, but especially in research-extensive universities. From 1988 to 2010, the presence of African American faculty increased from 3.2% to 5.0% and from 2.4% to 3.6% for Hispanic faculty, respectively. However the percentage of Black, Hispanic, and Native American/American Indian faculty earning tenure and promotion to full professor has remained unchanged. Such significant underrepresentation provides a compelling rationale to launch a comprehensive investigation to contribute to the knowledge base on institutional culture and social climate and its effect on an unchanging trend of low URM representation in academic institutions. During 2010–2012, a mixed methods study was conducted to examine the associations among academic occupational stress, organizational factors, coping strategies, and physical and mental well-being. Conducting a mixed methods study allowed for a more coherent narrative


We consider a multi-criterion Boolean programming problem with partial criteria of the kind MIN MODUL of linear functions. We investigate such type of stability which can be understood as a discrete analogue of the Hausdor lower semi-continuity. A formula of the quasi-stability radius is obtained. Mathematics Subject Classification 2000: 90C09, 90C29, 90C31.


This paper reports on the phase behaviour of photochemically polymerized 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate in a nematic liquid crystalline solvent. Samples were prepared via polymerization by ultraviolet (UV) radiation of initial solutions made of the reactive monomer 2-hydroxyethylmethacrylate (HEMA) and a photoinitiator (Darocur 1173). The swelling and deswelling properties were studied by polarized optical microscopy in a wide range of temperature for the low molecular weight liquid crystal 4-cyano-4′-pentylbiphenyl (5CB). Immersion of polymerized HEMA in an excess of 5CB did not exhibit any significant change of sample size and showed only limited dependence on temperature, indicating strong polymer/liquid crystal interactions. Polymer/liquid crystal films were prepared by polymerization-induced phase separation of HEMA/Darocur 1173/5CB blends using UV radiation. The electro-optical behaviour of the films obtained was investigated as function of the initial composition and applied voltage. Strong memory effects have been observed in the case of samples prepared from 60 weight% 5CB/40 weight% HEMA.


We report the formation of a polymer bilayer structure by inkjet printing poly(9,9′-dioctylfluorene-co-benzothiadiazole) (F8BT) from p-xylene solution onto a poly(9,9-dioctylfluorene-co-N-(4-butylphenyl)diphenylamine (TFB) thin film. Despite the compatibility of both polymers with the same organic solvent, a TFB layer under the later-deposited F8BT was directly observed through fluorescence microscopy. Micro-Raman spectroscopy reveals that this bottom layer is ∼10nm thick for a film made by inkjet printing F8BT onto a TFB film of ∼20nm thickness. The bilayer structure leads to enhanced efficiency for light-emitting diodes in comparison with devices made from spin-coated TFB:F8BT blend films.


The paper discusses some of the reasons why clusters of computers are successful, particularly in the field of commercial processing. It considers three technical trends: fast performance; fast communications; and distributed programming tool implementation.


An echoic is a verbal operant which is controlled by a verbal discriminative stimulus and is characterized by the repetition of the verbal behavior of another speaker with point-to-point correspondence between the sound of the stimulus and the response (Skinner, 1957). These echoic responses are very important for children with developmental disorders because their language development is very unpredictable and may not appear at all, potentially causing difficulties in school and problems with social development (Reed, 2005). Teaching language acquisition skills can help offset these problems because it reinforces future echoic responses and helps develop advanced verbal operants such as mands and tacts (Du, Speckman, & ColeHatchard, 2017). Increasing future verbal behavior allows children to properly express their wants and needs. Previous research has shown that auditory matching protocols were effective in improving children's listener responding and pronunciation (Du, Speckman, & Cole-Hatchard, 2017; Choi, Greer, & Keohane, 2015: Speckman-Collins, Park, & Greer, 2007). The goal of this current study was to evaluate the effects of an auditory match-to-sample procedure on the echoic repertoire of a 3-year-old boy diagnosed with a developmental delay. The participant was taught to differentiate between progressively more difficult sounds, words, and multiple word phrases. Progress in this skill was monitored using the Early Echoic Skills Assessment which was probed four times over the study. It was expected that this procedure would result in an acquisition of more correct echoic responses.


We prove the following theorem concerning the poset of all subsets of n] ordered by inclusion. Consider any two equal-size families of subsets of n], S and R, where within each family all subsets have the same number of elements. Suppose there exists a bijection ?:S?R such that A?f(A) for all A?S. Then there exist |S| disjoint saturated chains containing all the subsets in S and R.


Objective To investigate possible risk factors for Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) in China. Methods Retrospective analysis of ten items,including district,occupation,trauma to the head,surgery to the cerebral crania,corneal operation,examination of deep electrode probes in the brain,blood transfusion,use of blood products,injection of human growth hormone,dietary habit,heredity and familial prevalence of other neu-rodegenerative disease, were carried out in 30 confirmed cases, and other 33 cases which were reported in domestic literatures. Results (l)No patient with CJD was caused by receiving a corneal transplant, dura mater graft, injection of growth hormone and examination of deep electrode probes in the brain. (2)Data from the 63 cases provided that there was no evidence for an occupational risk factors for CJD and people who consume beef and mutton frequently have an increased risk of developing CJD. (3)There was no evidence of geographical clustering. (4)Operation of cataract, trauma to the head, craniotomy, heredity and familial prevalence of other neu-rodegenerative disease might be the possible etiological risk factors for CJD in China. Conclusions The possible risk factors for CJD in China is not the same as that in Western nor in Japanese countries. It is important to recognise those risk factors in order to prevent the iatrogenic transmission of CJD disease.


The experimental investigation has been carried out on the diesel engine using Chlorella vulgaris algal biodiesel as blends with neat diesel. Two input parameters, such as load and fuel and four reaction parameters such as hydrocarbons (HC), carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen oxides (NOx), and smoke, were used for the emissions on the engine. The experimental results show that there's been less pollution from using algae oil blend in the diesel engine. It is employed to find the optimum level for multi-objective prediction carried out for CO, HC, NOx, and smoke. The outcomes after grey relational analysis (GRA) were tested using the response surface methodology (RSM), wherein the optimal combination has been found out using a particular behaviour.


Both these volumes are comprehensive but concise reference works on the mammals of a single African country: comprehensive in that all species of mammals are included, and all aspects from identification and distribution to behaviour and ecology mentioned; concise in organizing this information in a systematic and retrievable way in a single, manageable volume. Beyond that they differ considerably. The mammals of Botswana was almost a virgin field of study when Reay Smithers set out in 1964 on a five-year programme of field work, assisted by teams from the Smithsonian Institution, Washington. The result is a masterly report of a standard that has rarely been achieved even in countries with a long history of study. The introduction includes a valuable account of the habitats throughout the country, ranging from the extremes of the Kalahari Desert to the vast swamps of the Okavango Delta; the description of habitat for each species in the systematic section is particularly informative. There are keys for identification throughout and, for each species, paragraphs on taxonomy, distribution, habitat, habits, food, breeding and measurements. A map for each species showing, by quarter degree squares, the present (or very recent) distribution is a particularly valuable feature, only slightly marred by the difficulty, in the case of some of the larger mammals with diminishing ranges, of determining what period of time the map covers. Many species such as the giraffe and tsessebe have disappeared from the southern half of the country, but the northern part still carries a particularly rich fauna of large mammals. Non-original material is well documented. How often does one read how the ratel follows the honey-guide to the bees' nest — but how seldom is one referred, as here, to a source where the evidence for this remarkable behaviour is detailed? The Libyan volume is much less ambitious, less detailed and less original. Libya has the most continuous record of fossil mammals of any African country and an introductory chapter on these is provided by Dr R.J.G.Savage. A further chapter, by Olwen Brogan, deals with the remarkable trade in large mammals from Libya to the arenas of ancient Rome — on a scale that must surely have brought some of them close to extinction, although the elephant seems to be the only one that was totally lost to North Africa at that time. The systematic section is somewhat erratic in treatment and quality. The accounts of distribution are useful, although there are no species maps. The identification keys have been designed very much for the lay reader — they will fail to give a critical identification of some of the smaller species and, in the case of the larger ones, are rather superfluous in view of the illustrations. Most species are illustrated by either a monochrome photograph or a line drawing the latter rather crude but nevertheless helpful. In the absence of any comparable work for other parts of North Africa this volume will serve a useful purpose beyond the immediate boundaries of


In this very (short) paper, I explain that the multinational corporations today act as private lawmakers because they create their own laws, which is called "transnational private norms". As a consequence, we can say that the links between law and state simply do not exist.


Are U.S. airstrikes on al-Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula effective at reducing al-Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula initiated attacks? Airstrikes have been a popular counterterrorism tool in the Obama and Trump administrations. However, the effectiveness of airstrikes has been contentious. Using ACLED data from 2016-2019 I estimate a series of negative binomial regressions. I first assess the effect of airstrikes generally and find that airstrikes are effective at reducing AQAP attacks. I then disaggregate my airstrike variable to examine the effects of militant casualties, leadership casualties, and civilian casualties independently. I find that civilian casualties and leadership casualties have no effect on AQAP attacks while militant casualties have reduced AQAP attacks. INDEX WORDS: Strategic violence, Civil Wars, Counter-Insurgency, Airstrikes TESTING THE EFFECTS OF US AIRSTRIKES ON INSURGENT INITIATED VIOLENCE


Does the equation x+y+z = 29 have a solution in integers? Yes: (3, 1, 1), for instance. How about x+y+z = 30? Again yes, although this was not known until 1999: the smallest solution is (−283059965,−2218888517, 2220422932). And how about x+y+z = 33? This is an unsolved problem. Of course, number theory does not end with the study of cubic equations in three variables: one might ask also about xyz−163xyzt = 561.


Experimental investigation of the combined radiation and natural convection heat transfer on wall surface sintered with open celled metal foams at different inclination angles is presented.The effects of wall inclination angle,Rayleigh number Ra* and thickness on heat transfer performance are studied.The heat transfer results for vertically placed smooth cooper plate are in good agreement with the available data in the literature to show the feasibility of the test rig.With increasing of the inclination angle under the same heat flux,the pure natural convection heat transfer coefficient and total heat transfer coefficient increase firstly to a turning point and then decrease.The maximum heat transfer performance occurs at an inclination angle between 60° and 80°.The radiation heat transfer accounts for 33%~44% of the total heat transfer.When placed vertically,the ratio of radiation heat transfer of metallic foam sintered surface in the total heat transfer is less than that of the smooth surface,and is improved with increasing of metal foam thickness.Compared to the smooth surface,the mean Nusselt numbers of combined heat transfer and pure natural convection heat transfer of vertically placed sintered surface increase by 1.52~1.98 and 1.16~1.66 times respectively.The temperature distribution on foam surface photographed by infrared camera are analyzed with image processing technique to validate the thermal radiation heat transfer calculation model based on average foam surface temperature.


The purpose of the analyzer is to save time and effort in determining the following basic MOS-FET (metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor) parameters: the performance factor s, the corresponding threshold voltage VGS(T), and the transconductance gm. The MOS-FET analyzer comprises a square-root calculator whose output is displayed on the x-y system of a scope, and thereby offers a readout of the above three quantities of the MOS-FET.


The purpose of this study was to investigate associations between students' perceptions of their biology teachers' interpersonal behavior and their laboratory learning environments and their attitudinal, achievement, and performance outcomes. A sample of 489 students from 28 senior biology classes in eight schools in Tasmania, Australia completed the Questionnaire on Teacher Interaction (QTI) and the Science Laboratory Environment Inventory (SLEI). Responses to two attitude questionnaires, achievement on an external written examination, and performance in laboratory practical tests were used as student outcome measures. Statistical analyses supported the reliability and validity of the QTI and the SLEI when used with senior secondary biology students. We investigated associations between students' perceptions of teacher behavior and their laboratory learning environment with student outcomes, including the unique and common contributions of the QTI and SLEI to variance in student outcomes. Associations with students' perceptions of the learning environment were stronger for the attitudinal outcomes than for the cognitive or practical skills outcomes. Some commonality between the QTI and SLEI scales was found in their contributions to the variance in attitudinal outcomes, but not in their contributions to variance in cognitive and practical skill outcomes. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Res Sci Teach 37: 26–43, 2000


Ending the HIV/AIDS pandemic is among the Sustainable Development Goals for the next decade. In order to overcome the gap between the need for care and the available resources, better understanding of HIV epidemics is needed to guide policy decisions, especially for key populations that are at higher risk for HIV infection. Accurate HIV epidemic estimates for key populations have been difficult to obtain because their HIV surveillance data is very limited. In this paper, we propose a so-called joint spatial conditional auto-regressive model for estimating HIV prevalence rates among key populations. Our model borrows information from both neighboring locations and dependent populations. As illustrated in the real data analysis, it provides more accurate estimates than independently fitting the sub-epidemic for each key population. In addition, we provide a study to reveal the conditions that our proposal gives a better prediction. The study combines both theoretical investigation and numerical study, revealing strength and limitations of our proposal.


Consortium agreement signed of Domino.
Dynamic sod mulching and use of recycled amendments to increase biodiversity, resilience and sustainability of intensive organic fruit orchards and vineyards


A wide range of rheological measurements are required to correlate paper coating formulations with coater runnability. In addition to other parameters, coating rheology contributes to the appearance of blade coating defects. This paper describes the principles of dynamic viscoelastic measurements - as a function of both frequency and strain - and their significance in assessing rheology of paper coatings, including their runnability in a high-speed short dwell coater. Examples are given of coating formulations containing clay and carbonate pigments with different modifications of starches (...)


Abstract A subtree S of a tree T is a central subtree of T if S has the minimum eccentricity in the join-semilattice of all subtrees of T. Among all subtrees lying in the join-semilattice center, the subtree with minimal size is called the least central subtree. Hamina and Peltola asked what is the characterization of trees with unique least central subtree? In general, it is difficult to characterize completely the trees with unique least central subtree. Nieminen and Peltola [The subtree center of a tree, Networks 34 (1999) 272–278] characterized the trees with the least central subtree consisting just of a single vertex. This paper characterizes the trees having two adjacent vertices as a unique least central subtree.


The title steroid, C 19 H 24 O 3 , has flattened A and B rings and a 14α D-ring conformation. The crystal structure is stabilized by numerous C-H…O hydrogen bonds.


The invention relates to the technical field of identification devices, and particularly relates to a cable junction box identification pile with a temperature measurement function. The identification pile comprises a thermistor, an identification pile and a supporting part, wherein the thermistor comprises a resistor body; the identification pile is provided with a conductor slot and an electricity measurement slot; the supporting part is fixedly arranged on the left side of the electricity measurement slot; a first mounting hole and a second mounting hole are alternately formed in front and rear parts inside the supporting part; a first conductor and a first binding post are electrically connected with a first pin respectively; and a second conductor and a second binding post are electrically connected with a second pin respectively. By virtue of the thermistor, the function of detecting temperature of a cable junction box in real time can be realized, whether the cable junction box fails or not can be determined, and the work efficiency and safety can be improved; the identification pile is matched with a multimeter without power supply, and has the advantages of simple structure and low cost; and operators can quickly and correctly find out the position of the cable junction box according to the identification pile, and the identification pile achieves an effect of warning and avoiding and has the characteristics of safety, labor saving, convenience and high efficiency.


OBJECTIVE
To determine systematically the pattern of the cutaneous perforator of the lateral circumflex femoral artery (LCFA) in anterolateral thigh perforator (ALT) flap.

MATERIAL AND METHOD
Sixty dissections of the LCFA were carried out in 30 preserved cadavers. The number; type, origin, and location of the cutaneous perforators of the LCFA were studied and measured.

RESULTS
There were 169 perforators. In 79.3%, the perforators originated from the descending branch, 18.3% from the transverse branch. The perforator of the medial descending and the ascending branch were found in 1.8% and 0.6%, respectively. The most cutaneous perforators were concentrated in the middle third (14 to 28 cm from the ASIS) of the anterolateral thigh region.

CONCLUSION
The perforator of the descending branch, which was located ranging from 21 to 35 cm, was appropriate for flap designing to avoid the perforator of the transverse branch, which was difficult to harvest.


We report an audit of our Prenatal Screening Programme for aneuploidies between March 2003 and August 2007. Overall detection and false positive rates were 86% and 3.6%, respectively. These results are similar to those predicted by the Serum, Urine and Ultrasound Screening Study (SURUSS).


This paper presents a software middleware to meet the requirements of automotive infotainment systems for a flexible and modular media solution. It allows the adaptation of multimedia use cases and applications from the consumer and PC area into an automotive environment. Due to an optimized filter graph architecture, the multimedia engine allows the implementation of complex user scenarios on cost-driven embedded infotainment systems. A rip-and-play example illustrates, how filter graphs are scaled to get a more comprehensive user experience.


Changes in society have influenced people's way of living and relating. These changes also occur in the school environment. Thinking about the diversity of situations experienced in the daily work of teachers responsible for school initiation and the importance of this professional, what guides this research is the inquiry regarding the perception of the teachers of the public school about QVT. As a technical procedure, a descriptive and quantitative approach was used. Data were collected by questionnaire based on seven of Walton's eight factors (1973) and 30 variables adapted by Timossi et al. (2009). The data were compiled in Microsoft Excel software and analyzed in the SPSS software Statistical Package for the Social Sciences. From the data obtained it can be observed that, in general, the teachers of the municipal primary schools of the municipality of São Francisco de Assis-RS are satisfied with the policies of people management adopted by the current management, having as aspects to be worked on those related to Factor 1 Working conditions and Factor 3 Work Opportunity.


This study is aimed to understand the characteristics of Double-Meaning and then to set up categories of it. Generally, Double-Meaning has been studied in the ambiguity category. But there are some differences between Double-meaning and the ambiguity because the ambiguity is able to have many meaning, while Double-Meaning is able to have just two or three clear meanings. Therefore, we have to reconsider them how to set up their categories. The features of Double-Meaning are as follows; First of all, Double-meaning speech has just two or three clear meanings. Second of all, Double-Meaning is not able to get a simultaneous reaction from listeners but to get a sequential reaction from them. Last but not least, even if one meaning is chosen by listeners, the other meanings could influence on listeners' interpretation processes. I would like to prove the phenomenon of Double-Meaning and to explain the Double-Speak and the Double-Bind theory among the phenomenon of languages caused by the Double-meaning using the frame theory and the gestalt theory.


Pan-genotype NS5A inhibitors underpin a hugely successful treatment of the Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) infections. Discovery of GSK2818713 (13), an NS5A replication complex inhibitor of hepatitis C virus (HCV) characterized by a significantly improved genotype coverage relative to first-generation NS5A inhibitor daclatasvir (DCV) is detailed herein. The SAR analysis revealed cooperative potency effects of the biphenylene, bicyclic pyrrolidine (Aoc) and methyl-threonine structural motifs. Relative to DCV, 13 improved activity against gt1a and gt1b NS5A variants as well as HCV chimeric replicons containing NS5A fragments from genotypes 2-6. Long term treatment of subgenomic replicons with 13 potently and durably decreased HCV RNA levels for genotype 1a (gt1a), gt2a and gt3a. These properties, as well as the lack of cross-resistance, of antagonism with other HCV agents and suitable pharmacokinetic properties, identified 13 as a preclinical candidate.


Analog-to-digital converter using an unbalanced modulator as quantizer is described. The system consists of commercially available components. A signal-to-noise ratio analysis indicates 7 bit operation at 30 GS/s with moderate optical powers could be possible.


Diamond-like Carbon (DLC) film has the ability to change the refractive index value achieved high transmittance for potential applications of antireflection coating. DLC films were deposited on heterojunction solar cells by the ECR-CVD (Electron Cyclotron Resonance Chemical Vapor Deposition) method using Acetylene (C2H2) and Argon (Ar) gases. DLC coating affects ITO (Indium tin oxide), causing the electrical and resistivity of heterojunction solar cell vary according to the coating time. The surface and thickness of the DLC films was measured with an atomic force microscope. Illuminated I-V characteristic was investigated by photo-I–V measurements. The suitable acetylene anti-reflection deposition time at 0.40 minutes. Therefore, heterojunction solar cell was fabricated on a substrate using the optimized DLC films as an anti-reflection coating and it obtained an increase efficiency of about 1%.


Knowledge of the soils of a region is important from both geographically and agronomic, leading to better use of resources and scientific nature. Geru river has an area of 410 km2 in which prevails Chernozems and Fluvisols, and on smaller surfaces, eroded phase of Cambisols and Calcaric Regosols and Gleysoils. Their main nutrient supply is generally weak (except for potassium), requiring increased attention and application efficiency.


The history of chemical processing development of the improved technical wood cellulose for the receiving of the additive derivatives, complex and simple ethers on their basis are considered. The historical transformation of technologies for the production of plant parchment, fiber, copper-ammonia fiber, synthesis of cellulose nitrates, xanthogenates and acetates, as well as methods for processing these derivatives into target products and materials is described in detail. The historical description of the preparation and prospects for the use of cellulose esters and modification of cellulose fiber hydrate is given. This article is the fifth in the cycle «Wood as a chemical raw material. History and modernity»; the previous parts were published in the journal Lesnoy vestnik / Forestry Bulletin (2020, v. 24, no 1, № 5; 2021, v. 25 no. 3; 2022, v. 26 no. 1).


Women's Political Discourse: A 21st Century Perspective. By Molly Mayhead and Brenda Devoe Marshall. Lanham, MD: Rowman and Littlefield. 2005. 304 pp. $75.00 cloth, $26.00 paper. Political discourse has proven a worthy source of material for scholarly investigation into power, politics, and policymaking. Policy scholars have frequently used discourse to explore issue framing, media content, and policy decisions (e.g., Frank Baumgartner and Bryan Jones, Agendas and Instability in American Politics, 1993; Roger W. Cobb and Charles D. Elder, Participation in American Politics: The Dynamics of Agenda Building, 1983; Deborah Stone, Policy Paradox, 1997; Nayda Terkildsen, Frauke I. Schnell, and Cristina Ling, "Interest Groups, the Media, and Policy Debate Formation: An Analysis of Message Structure, Rhetoric, and Source Cues," Political Communication 15 [1998]: 45–61). As a tool for investigating abortion debates (e.g., Myra Marx Ferree, William Anthony Gamson, Jurgen Gerhards, and Dieter Rucht, Shaping Abortion Discourse: Democracy and the Public Sphere in Germany and the U.S., 2002) or sex education (e.g., Janice M. Irvine, Talk about Sex: The Battles over Sex Education in the U.S., 2002), discourse also reveals the gendered dimensions of contemporary American politics. At the same time, this insight is not lost on advocates and opinion leaders: "Words are … bullets" in the culture wars, says James Dobson, founder of the conservative evangelical group Focus on the Family (quoted in Irvine 2002, 73).


This paper describes a planning and control system (PACS) to aid R & D decision-making which has been developed and used at the Monsanto Company, St. Louis, Missouri, U.S.A. The planning model portion of the integrated system is a two-dimensional dynamic programming resource allocation algorithm which performs project selection, budgeting and scheduling. Behavioral parameters that can be used to simulate certain organizational factors are included in the planning model. The control model portion of the integrated system develops cost-effectiveness measures of variances between actual and planned performances for ongoing projects over time, which provide early warnings of pending project failures and guide control action. Applications of the system at Monsanto indicate that it significantly aids the development of satisfactory organizational decisions and also provides a laboratory for pretesting decisions.


Ten physical characteristics are investigated in a sample of 200 Derung adults including 97 males and 103 females.The relations of Derung and 16 ethnic groups of Zang-Mian groups are preliminarily analysed.The results are as follows:(1) The results of cluster analysis show that the physical characteristics of Derung are close to Lahu,Yi and Jino.(2) The results of principal component analysis show that Derungs have shorter stature,smaller length of head,smaller breadth and height of face than other ethnic groups.


Maternal effect mutations are useful tools which may aid in determining how the morphogenetic organization of the egg cytoplasm controls the plan of early development. One of the most interesting of the several maternal effect genes in the axolotl, Ambystoma mexicanum, is the o gene. It is unique in that all embryos of o/o females are affected in identical fashion, uniformly stopping development during gastrulation just when the main events of organ formation should be initiated. This paper is an investigation of the cytology, karyotype, and nucleic acid synthesis in mutant and control embryos and provides some important clues as to the mechanism of action of the o+ gene. Cell division and DNA synthesis in mutant embryos are sharply reduced at the mid-late blastula stage. At this time in normal embryos, RNA synthesis is activated but is not in embryos of o/o females. The evidence from classical hybridization experiments and experiments with enucleated embryos suggests that this RNA synthesis is necessary for gastrular morphogenesis to take place. Thus the product of the o+ gene, the o+ substance, may be a stored regulator involved in genome activation during the late blastula stage which is required for the succeeding events of gastrulation. How it is involved in regulation remains to be worked out.


The essay focuses on the role of party that assets characterised by their "own" legal relationships could assume in civil proceedings; notwithstanding their differences on a substantive level, in a procedural perspective there is an "administrator" with the right to bring legal actions, who may sue and defend "on behalf" of the asset itself.


OBJECTIVE
To describe a case of propylthiouracil-induced vasculitis manifesting with pericarditis.

METHODS
We present the first case report of a woman with hyperthyroidism treated with propylthiouracil in whom a syndrome of pericarditis, fever, and glomerulonephritis developed. Serologic testing and immunologic studies were done, and a pericardial biopsy was performed.

RESULTS
A 25-year-old woman with Graves' disease had a febrile illness and evidence of pericarditis, which was confirmed by biopsy. Serologic evaluation revealed the presence of perinuclear-staining antineutrophil cytoplasmic autoantibodies (pANCA) against myeloperoxidase (MPO). Propylthiouracil therapy was withdrawn, and she was treated with a 1-month course of prednisone, which alleviated her symptoms. A literature review revealed no prior reports of pericarditis in anti-MPO pANCA-positive vasculitis associated with propylthio- uracil therapy.

CONCLUSION
Pericarditis may be the initial manifestation of drug-induced vasculitis attributable to propylthio- uracil therapy.


The oolitic grainstone facies of the Ste. Genevieve Limestone is a widespread and highly productive reservoir in the Illinois basin. However, exploration and development of these oolitic facies are hampered by the inability to recognize the reservoir on logs. In many areas, the only log data available are old wireline electric logs. Comparison of cores with log response in northern Lawrence field, Lawrence County, Illinois, indicates a subjective but predictable relationship between log signature and carbonate lithology. Two productive lithologies, dolomite and oolitic grainstone, display well-developed SP curves. However, resistivity response is greatest in dense limestone, less well developed in oolitic grainstone, and poorly developed in dolomites. On gamma-ray logs, oolitic facies can be differentiated from dolomites by their lower radioactivity. Oolitic sands are most easily recognized on porosity logs, where their average porosity is 13.7%, only half the average porosity of dolomites. In a new well, the best information for subsequent offset and development of an oolitic reservoir is provided by porosity and dipmeter logs.


This paper wishes to make the case that philosophers and sociologists are not alone in their sometimes questionable understanding of physical and mathemati cal sciences. As a matter of fact, physicists themselves have often led the way towards these abuses, as will be shown by a detailed study of the so-called 'Uncertainty Prin ciple' and other examples taken from modern physics. Further, the lack of philoso phical and humanistic culture on the part of scientists from the 'hard' disciplines, make them prone to pass as arrogant as poorly informed judgments on the endeav ours of social and human sciences. In fact, the present socio-political conditions of science production lead scientific knowledge to a permanent state of immaturity, in hibiting its epistemological recasting and favouring a careless relation with language. Science needs to recognise the fecund ambiguities of ordinary parlance, and cannot shun away from metaphorical expression. More generally, no criticism corning from the hard sciences and addressed to the softer ones can be valid if it is not first of all an autocriticism.


Data is becoming more valuable as there are still many uncertainties and hidden information that have yet to be discovered. For this reason, the application of data analysis and machine learning in the industry is becoming more popular. For example, SAGD (steam assisted gravity drainage) is a type of oil extraction process where high-pressure steam is used to heat the bitumen underground. Optimizing the steam generation is one of the ways to improve the SAGD process as steam is an important part of the SAGD process. One method that may be used to optimize this process is the feature extraction analysis. Feature extraction analysis is a method that tries to extract valuable information from a given dataset. Essentially, it projects the given dataset to another subspace such that a particular statistical property is amplified and noises are minimized. In this thesis, data analysis is explored to optimize the SAGD process. The first chapter defines the problem and feature extraction methods are introduced. In the second chapter, a grey box model is used to develop a soft sensor to predict the steam quality out of a steam generator in the real SAGD process. The core model structure is based on energy balance and data analytic methods is used to further improve the predictability strength by applying a Kalman filter and online bias updating technique. Later on, feature extraction methods are further explored to improve the developed soft sensor. Finally, cointegration analysis (CA), which is a type of feature extraction method, is modified to monitor fouling accumulation inside the steam generator tubes. The difficulty of predicting fouling buildup in a steam generator using process knowledge alone is addressed. Since fouling buildup involves


Motion planning finds paths for vehicles that link an initial location and heading with a final location and heading. Techniques for motion planning have been developed for 2-dimensional maneuvering; however, they are less mature for 3-dimensional maneuvering. The concept of motion primitives is particularly attrac-tive for motion planning that determines trajectories as a set of maneuvers that satisfy differential constraints. This paper introduces a higher-level abstraction of trajectory primitives that consider sequences of motion primitives. The motion planning for 3-dimensional maneuvering is demonstrated to be an optimization involving a pair of trajectory primitives that are related through an intermediate waypoint. The resulting path is thus completely parametrized on the waypoint location.


The compressive strength and workability of concret e by partial replacement of cement with nano-phase Al 2O3 particles. Al 2O3 nanoparticles with the average diameter of 15 nm were used with f our different contents of 0.5%, 0.1%, 1.5% and 2.0% by weight. The results showed that the use of nano-Al 2O3 particles up to maximum replacement level of 2.0% produces concrete with improved strength. However, the ultimate strength of concrete was gained at 1.0 wt% of cement replacement. The workability of fresh concrete was decreased by increa sing the content of Al 2O3 nanoparticles. It is concluded that partial replac ement of cement with nanophase Al 2O3 particles improves the compressive strength of concrete but d ecreases its workability. (Journal of American Scie nce 2010;6(5):6-9). (ISSN: 1545-1003).


Variation in the initial concentration of reactant along the light path has no effect on first-order plots and, for practical values of the parameters, causes only a small increase in the estimate of rate constants for second-order plots. Variation of concentration across the light path slightly decreases the estimate of k for first-order plots and can become important for second-order plots. For the values of the several parameters normally used, however, the errors are small and can be estimated from the formulae and curves presented.