The numerical modeling of the advanced electromagnetic well-logging problems is very challenging because it requires tremendous workload of grid meshing and computation. For example, global meshing and simulation have to be done repeatedly for every logging position, because the model includes complex sensor arrays moving continuously along the borehole. In this paper, an efficient nonconformal finite element domain decomposition method is developed to solve these problems efficiently. First, the well-logging model is divided into two nonconformal subdomains so that the sensing arrays inside the borehole are separated from the beds outside. Since the mesh size between different subdomains can be inconsistent, well-logging modeling can significantly reduce the unknowns and computational cost. Second, a second-order transmission condition is implemented successfully in a quasi-symmetrical form via a novel treatment of Gaussian integration on the nonconformal interface. Finally, a hierarchical hexahedral basis function is introduced to further reduce the unknowns and extend the applicability of the method to multiscale problems. Numerical examples show that this method greatly reduces the memory cost and speeds up the computation compared with the traditional finite element method, especially when the response needs to be simulated repeatedly while the logging tools keep moving along the borehole.


Objectives Korea's national health insurance authority introduced a drug utilization review modernization pilot project in which health professionals provided follow-up services to monitor adverse drug events. We aimed to evaluate the effects of the project on clinical and economic outcomes. Methods We conducted difference-in-differences analysis using National Health Insurance claims data from the Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service. We calculated the number of adverse drug events and allergic reactions as a clinical indicator and medical costs incurred to manage these events as an economic indicator. Absolute difference in each outcome measure was defined as the value after the project minus the value before the project. Difference-in-differences was defined as a difference in absolute differences between the intervention group and the control group. Results Overall, difference-in-differences were −43 and −826 for the number of drug-related adverse events and allergic reactions and −$198,700 and $53,318 for medical costs in the inpatient and outpatient settings, respectively. For outpatients, the monthly number of adverse drug events and allergic reactions has grown higher for the control group than for the intervention group after implementation of the pilot project. Conclusions Implementation of the pilot project lowered the number of adverse drug events and allergic reactions in the inpatient and outpatient setting. The project also lowered medical costs incurred to manage these events in the inpatient setting only. Based on our findings, we recommend that the pilot project be expanded on a nationwide level at least in the inpatient setting.


This study examined the association between resilience and psychological distress in healthcare workers, the general population, and patients during the COVID-19 pandemic. We searched the PubMed, Web of Science, PsycInfo, Science Direct, and Nursing and Allied Health databases. Included articles examined healthcare workers (e.g., physicians and nurses), the general population, and patients during the COVID-19 pandemic. Studies of exposure to other infectious diseases related to epidemics or pandemics (e.g., SARS and MERS) were excluded. This study was performed following the Cooper matrix review method and PRISMA guidelines, followed by a meta-analysis of study results using R version 4.1.2. A random effect model was used for the pooled analysis. This study was registered with PROSPERO (registration No. CRD42021261429). Based on the meta-analysis, we found a moderate negative relationship between overall resilience and psychological distress (r = −0.42, 95% confidence interval [CI]: −0.45 to −0.38, p < 0.001). For the subgroup analysis, a moderately significant negative relationship between overall resilience and psychological distress was found among healthcare workers (r = −0.39, 95% CI: −0.44 to −0.33, p < 0.001), which was weaker than in the general population (r = −0.45, 95% CI: −0.50 to −0.39, p < 0.001) and in patients (r = −0.43; 95% CI: −0.52 to −0.33; p < 0.001). This association was robust, although the heterogeneity among individual effect sizes was substantial (I2 = 94%, 99%, and 74%, respectively). This study revealed a moderate negative relationship between resilience and psychological distress in healthcare workers, the general population, and patients. For all these populations, interventions and resources are needed to improve individuals' resilience and ability to cope with psychological distress during the COVID-19 pandemic and in future disease outbreaks.


The synchronous trigger circuit of sine wave provides the trigger fluctuation for triggering thyristor. In this paper the composition and the function of all parts of the synchronous trigger circuit of sine wave is elaborated .Based on the depiction the trigging course of the trigger circuit, the reason of some malfunctions is analyzed. In terms of operational experiences in the past ten years, some methods about resolving some problems in application is put forwarded.


Background: Prevalence of obesity among 5- to 19-year-old Indian children, is 3.6 and 11.7%. Being an obese child increases the likelihood of being an obese adult and there by leading to obesity related complications. School going children are in an important age of cognitive and motor development. So, the study mainly aimed to find the correlation of physical fitness, executive functions and academic performance with body mass index in school going children.
Methodology: This cross-sectional study was performed with 120 children with age group of 9 to 13 years. Height, weight, BMI was taken. 20 metre multistage fitness test was performed for physical fitness, trial making test for executive functions and academic performance scale for academic performance were taken.
Results: Data was analysed using Spearman correlation coefficient which showed that BMI had positive corelation with physical fitness and executive functions p value (<0.01) and not with academic performance.
Conclusion: Thus, result shows that good physical fitness is very important for better physical and mental growth especially for obese children and schools should include the fitness testing and physical activities as guided by the expert physiotherapist as the part of curriculum and simultaneously parental awareness for physical exercises should also be done to prevent their child form serious complications of obesity.

Key words: Academic performance, Body mass index, Executive functions, Obesity


Identifying important nodes in complex networks is essential in disease transmission control, network attack protection, and valuable information detection. Many evaluation indicators, such as degree centrality, betweenness centrality, and closeness centrality, have been proposed to identify important nodes. Some researchers assign different weight to different indicator and combine them together to obtain the final evaluation results. However, the weight is usually subjectively assigned based on the researcher's experience, which may lead to inaccurate results. In this paper, we propose an entropy-based self-adaptive node importance evaluation method to evaluate node importance objectively. Firstly, based on complex network theory, we select four indicators to reflect different characteristics of the network structure. Secondly, we calculate the weights of different indicators based on information entropy theory. Finally, based on aforesaid steps, the node importance is obtained by weighted average method. The experimental results show that our method performs better than the existing methods.


The present invention relates to a smart security data storage device, the security button for generating a different security mode signal according to an operation pattern by an external operation; NFC (Near Field Communication) receiving user authentication information or the device registration information from the smart terminal that supports and, NFC for transmitting the second tag information signal associated with the first tag information signal or the user authentication process relating to the device registration process tag; Receiving a first tag information signal from the security button, a first operation pattern first secure mode signal by with the NFC tag check the registration status of the smart terminal, and the according to the second operation pattern of the security button 2 security mode signal and the NFC tag from the tag 2 and then receives the information signal confirming the user authentication result, the control to run the user's login status is the data processing mode in the case where the user authentication result valid module; And at least one or more memory to perform the read / write / erase operation of the data under the control of the control module. Accordingly, the invention is applicable at least by exploiting the properties of one or more smart terminal to the user authentication information, yet without running the setup file for setting password or security elements additionally simple fast hardware-based security features, having a NFC functionality is.


Objective To study the canal morphology of maxillary second premolar in Han people of Shandong province by using cone beam computed tomography(CBCT).Methods Maxillary second premolars(n=90) were screened and scanned with CBCT,their dental canals were observed.Results Of the 90 teeth,single rooted tooth was seen in 86,two-rooted tooth was found in four.Single root canal was seen in 53 teeth(58.9%),37(41.1%) teeth were found to have two-rooted canal.Ⅰ-Ⅵ type in VERTUCCI grouping appeared in this study.In single-double mixed pattern root canal,the bifurcation could be seen at any location of the root,mostly near to 1/3 of the root tip.Collateral pulp canalwas found in 12.2% of the teeth,and about 4.4% of the teeth had an inter-canal anastomosis.Conclusion The anatomic structure of root canal of maxillary second premolar is complicated,this feature is essential in clinical practice.


From World War I1 until about 1980, regional free trade agreements and global trade negotiations under the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) could reasonably be seen as complements rather than substitutes-as two aspects of a broad march toward increasingly open international markets. Since then, however, the two have moved in opposite directions. The 1980s were marked by stunning and unexpected success for regional trading blocs. In Europe, the European Community (EC) not only enlarged itself to include the new democracies of Southern Europe, but made a lunge for an even higher degree of economic unity with the cluster of market-integrating measures referred to as "1992." In North America, Canada ended a century of ambivalence about regional integration by signing a free trade agreement (which is also to an important extent an investment agreement) with the United States; even more startlingly, the reformist Salinas government in Mexico has sought, and appears likely to get, the same thing. And in East Asia, 'while formal moves toward regional free trade are absent, there was after 1985 a noticeable increase in Japanese investment in and imports from the region's new manufacturing exporters.


We conducted a spectroscopic and photometric study of SDSS J075653.11+085831. X-ray observations were also attempted. We determined the orbital period of this binary system to be 3.29 hr. It is a deep eclipsing system, whose spectra show mostly single-peaked, Balmer emission lines and a rather intense He ii line. There is also the presence of faint (often double-peaked) He i emission lines as well as several absorption lines, Mg i being the most prominent. All of these features point toward the affiliation of this object with the growing number of SW Sex-type objects. We developed a phenomenological model of an SW Sex system to reproduce the observed photometric and spectral features.


A compound of formula (I) ** ** Formula wherein X1 and X2 are independently selected from O, NH and S, R1 and R2 are both methyl, and R3 is -S-CH2-CH (NH2) (COOH ) or N-acetylcysteine-S-yl, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.


In this paper, we study the concept of controlled - operator frames for the space of all adjointable operators on a Hilbert - module H. Also, we discuss characterizations of controlled - operator frames and we give some properties. Some illustrative examples are provided to advocate the usability of our results.


Since 1989 and until the summer of 2012 all soil testing laboratories in Iowa and the USA dried soil samples at 35 to 40 oC (95 to 104 oF) before soil analysis for potassium (K), phosphorus (P), and other nutrients. Since last fall, however, a laboratory that began operations in Iowa is using testing procedures that involve no soil sample drying, and another laboratory is offering moist soil testing in addition to the commonly used test based on dried samples. These laboratories are using a moist soil sample handling procedure that the Iowa State University (ISU) Soil and Plant Analysis Laboratory used from 1963 to 1988, and which was among methods recommended by the North-Central Regional Committee for Soil Testing and Plant Analysis (NCERA-13) committee during the 1980s (Eik et al., 1980; Eik and Gelderman, 1988). The re-implementation of the moist test by these laboratories and last fall update of the NCERA-13 sample preparation chapter to again include the moist sample handling procedure (Gelderman and Mallarino, 2012) have generated many questions.


Gosselain, Robert Welsh, John Terrell, Scott Maceachem, and Michael Dietler and Ingrid Herbich investigate technical choices made by contemporary peoples in Cameroon, New Guinea, Nigeria, and Kenya. The authors are not satisfied with isolating correspondences between technical variation and diverse scales of social interaction. Instead, mey show how variation is generated by real people in particular historical circumstances. They focus on variation in choices made tiiroughout production rather than in the end product and find that technological variation is often indicative of networks of people significantly larger than those observed by ethnographers. These networks crosscut groupings defined by language, proximity, or social identification. Patterns in material culture result from the aggregate of choices made by many social actors during manufacture. Sources of variation in choices include postmarital socialization, relations of authority and dependence among producers (Dietler and Herbich), and variable degrees of tolerance within communities for different choices (Maceachern). Other factors influence the distribution of the final product, including the exchange of objects through friendship ties (Welsh and Terrell). Technological patterning seldom corresponds to any scale of self-identification, because contemporary groups are partly the result of colonial administrative decisions (Maceachern).


This article presents dynamic modeling approaches to predict system performance characteristics of cooling-/heating-mode switch cycling operation, a commonly used temperature regulation approach in refrigerated transport systems. A dynamic model of a commercially available transport refrigeration system is presented, which describes the system dynamics during the mode switch transients. The development of the heat exchanger and accumulator models is highlighted using the switched modeling framework. Model validation against experimental data demonstrates the capabilities of the modeling approach in representing the transient behavior of the mode switch process. Simulation case studies to predict refrigerant mass distribution during transients and system performance with the influence of door-opening events are also provided to demonstrate modeling capabilities. The presented dynamic modeling framework can serve as a valuable tool to evaluate performance with different system configurations and operating strategies in transport refrigeration applications.


AbstractThe paper presents results of three-dimensional discrete element method (DEM) simulations of axisymmetric undrained tests on loose assemblies of polydisperse spheres using a periodic cell. In the work reported, undrained tests were modeled by deforming the samples under constant volume conditions. The undrained (effective) stress paths are shown to be qualitatively similar to published physical experimental results. The onset of liquefaction (or temporary liquefaction) is identified by a redundancy index equal to unity, which defines the transition from solidlike to liquidlike behavior. This corresponds to a critical mechanical coordination number slightly in excess of 4. The results of the simulations also suggest that a reversal in the direction of the undrained stress path does not necessarily indicate temporary liquefaction. The undrained behavior obtained by the DEM simulations is found to be dependent on strain rate and the so-called temporary liquefaction phenomenon is only observed if the ...


The 300 km long Taupo Volcanic Zone (TVZ) formed as a result of back‐arc rifting associated with subduction of the Pacific Plate beneath the Australian Plate, with current extension rates of 8–15 mm yr−1. Using GPS and interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) data, collected by the European (ESA) and Japanese (JAXA) space agencies, we present ground deformation observations from 2003 to 2011. Both InSAR and vertical GPS data show widespread subsidence across the central TVZ at rates of up to 20 mm yr−1. Using simple elastic dislocation models to represent the contraction of a sill like body at 6 km depth, we predict an annual volume change of 0.011–0.016 km3 beneath the central TVZ. We suggest that the majority of the observed subsidence is a result of the cooling and subsequent contraction of magma within the shallow crust.


Thallium activated cesium iodide is discussed as a gamma-ray spectrometer which should have advantages over thallium activated sodium iodide at high gamma-ray energies. Data are presented which were obtained with a five-inch diameter by three and one half-inch high right cylinder of thallium activated cesium iodide viewed with a three-inch diameter photomultiplier. These data include linearity of response from 80 kev to 7.2 mev, resolution as a function of gamma-ray energy, and photofractions as a function of gamma-ray energy for collimated radiation.


This study aimed to show the effectiveness of interleukin (IL)‐23 inhibitors in psoriatic arthritis (PsA) at weeks 12 and 24 in a real‐world setting.


How the brain mediates behavior is a question relevant to a broad range of disciplines including evolutionary biology, basic neuroscience, psychiatry, and population health. Experiments in animals have traditionally used two distinct approaches to explore brain–behavior relationships; one uses naturally existing behavioral models while the other focuses on the creation and investigation of medically oriented models using existing laboratory-amenable organisms. Scientists using the first approach are often referred to and self identify as "neuroethologists," while the second category spans a variety of other sub-disciplines but is often referred to broadly as "behavioral neuroscience." Despite an overall common scientific goal – the elucidation of the neural basis of behavior – members of these two groups often come from different scientific lineages, seek different sources of funding, and make their homes in different departments or colleges. The separation of these groups is also fostered by their attendance at different scientific conferences and publication records that reflect different journal preferences. Bridging this divide represents an opportunity to explore previously unanswerable questions and foster rapid scientific advances. This article explores the reasons for this divide and proposes measures that could help increase technology transfer and communication between these groups, potentially overcoming both physical and ideological gaps.


In this study,the model will break down the impact of changes on employment in to economic growth,technological progress and structural adjustment.The contribution of various factors was calculated according to the data from 1994 to 2009.The results show that economic growth makes an increase of 9.49%of employment per year,technological progress and structural adjustment make a decrease of 6.64%and 1.49%respectively,and economic growth rate should reach 9.95%in order to maintain the employment rate during this period.The authors indicate that high economic growth rate is needed to guarantee employment at the present stage.


Textile and sugar are the two main primary export commodities in Ethiopia, to which cotton and sugarcane are the key inputs, respectively. Climate change poses risk on the production of these two commodities and thereby affects the export earning of the country and the welfare of the different actors along the value chain. This book, thus, tries to provide how to build a climate resilient production of these two commodities. Climate modelling study shows that there will be increase in mean annual temperature and overall decrease in mean annual precipitation in cotton and sugarcane producing regions of Ethiopia. Agronomic implication of the findings and value chain analysis were made, followed by vulnerability analyze. Then, the productivity and welfare impacts were done. The findings of all these studies are used to analyze and identify strategy options to build a resilient production of the two agricultural export commodities.


In this paper, we present results of measured heat transfer coefficients for each sodium carboxymethyl cellulose concentration at two different lengths of coil L=2.82m, L=2.362m and with two different heat inputs 1.0kW and 1.5kW . Test solutions of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose concentrations of 0.05%, 0.1%, 0.15% and 0.2% were used in our experimental runs. A four flat blade paddle impeller was used to verify the mixed fluid, under steady heating of Newtonian and non- Newtonian fluids in an flat bottom agitated vessel. A Kanthal Heating Element Equipment have been design and fabricated to optimize the heating of the fluids in an agitated vessel. The rehogical properties like flow behavior index, consistency index and viscosity data were carried experimentally using Rotating Cylinder Method for all the test solutions. A correlations have been presented for Newtonian and non Newtonian fluids in laminar flow conditions.


In this paper, we consider a high-speed production process, which produces defects at a known rate while in control. When the process goes out of control, it produces defects at a higher rate. In this study, we revisit the role of the distribution of the process in-control time when managing such systems. Specifically, we focus on two management schemes, a control policy and an inspection policy. In the control policy, when the number of defects produced reaches a threshold, the process is stopped and inspected. In contrast, in the inspection policy, the process is stopped and inspected periodically. We derive the operating characteristics of the system and devise schemes for finding the optimal policy parameters for each policy. We also investigate the behavior of the optimal policy parameters, compare the performances of the control and inspection policies and identify the environments in which each of these policies out performs the other one using a numerical experiment. Contributed by the Supply Chains/Production-Inventory Systems Department


Given these time constraints and the narrow ways in which affirmative action programs must be constructed to pass constitutional muster, what is to be done? Should liberals devote time and energy to advancing affirmative action policies when their long-term prospects appear dim? If so, what kinds of strategies should be deployed?These are the questions that animate Ira Katznelson's provocative and engaging book When Affirmative Action Was White. One of the nation's most distinguished political scientists, Katznelson has written incisively on a broad range of subjects, from the nature and history of liberalism to the peculiarities of Congress as a governing institution. Throughout his career, he has been drawn to the study of inequality in capitalist societies and has explored its causes, manifestations, and remedies. He has long understood that capitalist, or class, inequality in America has to be understood in relation to racial inequality, and he has devoted considerable energy toward exploring those relationships and their implications for American politics.


Realistic models of the formation, structure and evolution of tip vortices are essential to predict rotor blade aeroacoustics. Velocity measurements are reported here on tip vortex formation and evolution to the near wake from a teetering, untwisted, square-tipped, two-bladed NACA0015 rotor in low-speed forward flight. Given assured periodicity and appropriate measurement techniques, vortex formation results confirm observations made in the 1980s. Circumferential velocity profiles are observed as early as x/c = 0.47, growing in strength and core radius up to x/c of 1.06. The profiles of circumferential velocity manifest the rollup of discrete vortex filaments. The effect of seed particle dynamics on the accuracy of vortex measurements in the near wake is studied to verify accuracy. The wake structure and the tip vortex properties up to 488° of wake age are presented. Harmonic variations are seen in the tip vortex core axial velocity. A strong spanwise velocity is seen on the pressure and suction sides of the blade. The core axial velocity appears to approach tip speed at origin, and the core circumferential velocity remains constant for a large distance after formation. The equations of motion describing seed particle motion in a 2D vortex were numerically integrated to quantify the velocity error of LDV measurements of the near-wake vortex characteristics due to seed particle dynamics. For a vortex strength of 0.75 m/s typical of rotor tests at a tip Mach number of 0.15, the error in circumferential velocity error due to lag of particles between 1 and 5μm, is seen to have an upper bound of 2%.


An algorithm is proposed for the successive estimation of the object contour in a digital image. In this algorithm, the brightness boundary is estimated in a sequence of elementary windows, which are chosen on the basis of optimal control of the observations.


Paired tympanic membrane and rectal temperatures were compared for 103 female fallow deer (Dama dama) after short-term anesthesia to determine if tympanic temperature was a reliable indicator of hyperthermia as sociated with handling stress. Each deer was restrained in a drop-floor chute, anesthetized by i.v. injection of xylazine hydrochloride and ketamine hydrochloride, and removed from the chute. After a short procedure was completed, i.m. antibiotics and i.v. yohimbine hydrochloride were given to each deer. Temperature measurements were obtained during recovery from anesthesia, approximately 10 min after initial restraint. Mean tympanic temperature (40.1?C ? 0.8?C; range 37.5-42.0?C) was significantly lower than mean rectal temperature (38.6?C ? 0.7?C; range 37.4-40.8?C). One animal had rectal and tympanic temperatures of 42.0?C and 40.8?C, respectively, but regained normal body temperature after cooling measures were applied. Tympanic membrane temperature measurement may provide a method for eval uation of body temperature by separating retained body heat caused by exertion from critical elevations in core body


Magnetorheological fluids are materials that respond to an applied magnetic field with a drastic change in rheological behavior in several milliseconds.A novel force feedback data glove has been developed based on the smart fluid.The key component of the novel data glove is the force feedback device.The principle,structure and circuit of the device are presented.The operator can attain and control the action of robot and feel the actual force exerted by the environment in the teleoperation.


In client-side segmented cache based P2P VOD system, statically cached video files in peers' disks can efficiently improve data acquisition rate. However, since disk space in a single peer is very limited, it becomes a key problem to design reasonable strategies for replacing those data segments. We start at studying the three VOD system models, and analyze the necessity of utilizing segmented storage mechanism, then focus on discussing and comparing five segment replacement strategies at client side: FIFO, LRU, LRF, EDF, and LSSF. These strategies sufficiently take local system parameters of a peer and global data distribution patterns into consideration, and manage to save high use rate, high hit rate segments in limited peers' disk space. Our experiment results indicate that, when a peer's cache size is increased from 240M to 960M, the use rate of data segments at client side rises by 36%, but the rate will rise little if continuously increasing its cache size; overall, under the same system environment, LSSF shows best performance


1. Abstract Practical optimization problems often involve nonsmooth functions of hundreds or thousands of variables. As a rule, the variables in such large problems are restricted to certain meaningful intervals. In the report [Haarala, Makela, 2006] we have described an efficient adaptive limited memory bundle method for large-scale nonsmooth, possibly nonconvex, bound constrained optimization. Although it works very well in numerical experiments it suffers from one theoretical drawback. Namely, it is not necessarily globally convergent. In this paper, a globally convergent variant of this method is proposed. In addition, some results from numerical experiments are given. 2.


Introduction The effect of pulsed electromagnetic Field and unloading of the condyle on the "Effective Mandibular length" in Young Adult guinea PICS-A Cephalometric study


A fiber nonlinearity compensation scheme based on an unsupervised-learning neural network is proposed. In the proposed scheme, labels in the training data and weights of the neural network are iteratively updated until converging. To validate the proposed scheme, a 3200 km dual-polarization 16-QAM simulation link and an 1800 km single-polarization experimental link were carried out. Simulation and experiment results validate that the proposed method can achieve the same equalization performance as the supervised-learning-neural-network-based scheme, without any pre-defined training data.


Graduated driver licensing (GDL), as introduced in New Zealand in 1987, included three main driving restrictions: a night-time curfew (10pm-5am), no carrying of young passengers, and a blood alcohol limit of 30mg/100ml of blood. The aim of the present study was to determine the impact that these restrictions had on young driver crashes. For this study the New Zealand Police traffic crash reports were linked to the national hospital inpatient records (1980-1995). Multivariate binomial regression was used to compare car crashes involving a young driver licensed before the GDL (pre-GDL, n=2252) with each of the graduated licence groups: full GDL (n=1273); restricted licence (n=980); or learner licence (n=399). The results showed that, compared to the pre-GDL group, restricted licence drivers had fewer crashes at night (p=0.024), fewer involving passengers of all ages (p=0.034), but did not differ where alcohol was suspected. The learner licence drivers had a higher proportion involving passengers (p=0.023), but night-time and alcohol suspected crashes did not differ. The full GDL drivers did not differ significantly from the pre-GDL drivers for any of the factors examined. These results suggest that the graduated driver licensing restrictions, especially the night-time curfew, have contributed to a reduction in crashes involving young drivers. Particularly encouraging were the results for the restricted licence drivers who are the licence group most affected by the restrictions. For the covering abstract see ITRD E106992.


This protocol offers an safer alternative to the ethidium bromide-based DNA quantification protocol, utilizing an DNA-selective dye EzFluoroStain DNA (WSE-7130, ATTO corporation, Tokyo, Japan). This protocol allows to quantify about 2-1000 ng DNA/well, using a standard fluorescent plate reader.


Solitary bone plasmacytomas account for approximately 5% of plasma cell malignancies. These lesions are recognized as premalignant and, if untreated, at least 50% will progress to multiple myeloma within 5 years [1,2]. The primary goal of therapy is hence to arrest this progression and fortunately plasmacytomas do respond to moderate dose radiotherapy [3-5]. Local challenges at the site of the plasmacytoma do however need to be managed in their own right and with regards the thoracic spine indications for surgery include spinal instability, compressive symptoms either in the form of a radiculopathy or a myelopathy, and deformity. Abstract


Worldwide testicular cancer (TC) is a contributing factor towards male infertility at reproductive age. A gradual increase had been observed in TC especially in Western countries. Prevalence of TC was found to be more common in Caucasian populations as compared to Africans and Asians due to variation among genetic makeup of individuals that varies their susceptibility to anomalies like cryptorchidism, hydroceles and inguinal hernias (1).


The Naval Station (NS) Mayport and Naval Air Station (NAS), Jacksonville, Florida, heat recovery incinerator (HRI) facilities employ two different technological approaches to perform the twofold task of base-generated waste disposal and energy recovery. The NS Mayport HRI utilizes a single 50-ton per day (TPD) field-erected, excess-air, grate incinerator to mass burn the as-received waste. A pit/crane is used to store and retrieve the waste. The NAS Jacksonville HRI utilizes three 24-TPD modular starved-air, refractory hearth incinerators to burn a refuse-derived fuel (RDF) waste. The RDF processing system is located on site, and a live-bottom bin is employed for storage and retrieval of the RDF. The NS Mayport HRI is operational and burns an average of 1.25 tons/hr (TPH) of solid waste 4 to 5 days/wk. The NAS Jacksonville HRI is not operational and has been closed since June 1983. The objective of this report is to evaluate and compare the performance of these two concepts and to make recommendations concerning future applications within the Navy Shore establishment. In addition, the report defines the lessons learned from the design, construction, and operation of these two facilities. To meet these objectives, the feasibility studies, design documents, and operational data from themore » two HRI facilities were reviewed. Additional information was obtained from site visits and discussions with facility operators and personnel associated with the various phases of these two projects. 25 refs., 28 figs., 16 tabs.« less


4 Professor and Head Dept of Oral Medicine and Radiology Sri Ramachandra Dental College and Hospital Sri Ramachandra University, Chennai (INDIA) ABSTRACT Adenomatoid odontogenic tumour is a relatively uncommon odontogenic tumour first described by steensland in 1905. Adenomatoid odontogenic tumour accounts for about 3-7% of all odontogenic tumours, predominantly found in young female patients, located more often in maxilla associated with an unerupted permanent tooth. The tumour often misdiagnosed as an odontogenic cyst. AOT frequently resembles other odontogenic lesions such as dentigerous cysts or ameloblastomas. Therefore, it should be distinguished from the more common lesions of odontogenic origin in routine dental examinations. We present a rare case report of 59-year-old female patient of AOT occurring in the maxilla.


A 25 year old diabetic woman was admitted into the Intensive Care Unit because of ketoacidosis, hypotension and upper gastrointestinal bleeding. Emergency endoscopic biopsy of the upper gastrointestinal tract demonstrated invasive, non-septate fungal hyphae suggestive of either a Zygomyces or Basidiobolus. Amphotericin B was not used because of its ineffectiveness against Basidiobolus and her renal failure. In addition, first generation antifungal azoles were not used because of their ineffectiveness against Zygomyces. The patient responded to medical therapy and the broad-spectrum azole antifungal posaconazole which has activity against both Basidiobolus and Zygomyces. The patient recovered from her critical illness and on follow up was without residual problems.


The electronic origin of p-cyanophenol has been assigned to the strongest transition in the jet cooled vibronic spectrum at 35547.5 cm−1. Vibrations of the electronic ground state have been measured by means of dispersed fluorescence and those of the first electronically excited state by laser induced fluorescence. An assignment of the S0 state vibrations is presented based upon ab initio calculations at the MP2 and DFT level of theory. Additional CASSCF calculations are presented for both electronic states. The vibronic activity of several low frequency modes points towards a substantial change in geometry of the cyano group upon excitation.


Effects of feeding male rats during spermatogenesis a high‐fat, high‐sucrose and high‐salt diet (HFSSD) over two generations (F0 and F1) on renal outcomes are unknown. Male F0 and F1 rats were fed either control diet (F0CD+F1CD) or HFSSD (F0HD+F1HD). The outcomes were glomerular filtration rate and urinary albumin excretion in F1 and F2 offspring. If both outcomes were altered a morphological and molecular assessment was done. F2 offspring of both sexes had a decreased GFR. However, increased urinary albumin excretion was only observed in female F2 F0HD+F1HD offspring compared with controls. F0HD+F1HD female F2 offspring developed glomerulosclerosis (+31%; p < .01) and increased renal interstitial fibrosis (+52%; p < .05). RNA sequencing followed by qRT‐PCR validation showed that four genes (Enpp6, Tmem144, Cd300lf, and Actr3b) were differentially regulated in the kidneys of female F2 offspring. lncRNA XR‐146683.1 expression decreased in female F0HD+F1HD F2 offspring and its expression was (r = 0.44, p = .027) correlated with the expression of Tmem144. Methylation of CpG islands in the promoter region of the Cd300lf gene was increased (p = .001) in female F2 F0HD+F1HD offspring compared to controls. Promoter CpG island methylation rate of Cd300lf was inversely correlated with Cd300lf mRNA expression in F2 female offspring (r = −0.483, p = .012). Cd300lf mRNA expression was inversely correlated with the urinary albumin‐to‐creatinine ratio in female F2 offspring (r = −0.588, p = .005). Paternal pre‐conceptional unhealthy diet given for two generations predispose female F2 offspring to chronic kidney disease due to epigenetic alterations of renal gene expression. Particularly, Cd300lf gene promotor methylation was inversely associated with Cd300lf mRNA expression and Cd300lf mRNA expression itself was inversely associated with urinary albumin excretion in F2 female offspring whose fathers and grandfathers got a pre‐conceptional unhealthy diet.


The present study aimed to investigate the relationship Herpes simplex viruse (HSV) with thyroid tumors. The study was conducted for the period from 2017/9/1 to 2018/6/10 and included 100 of the Infected of both sexes and different ages of the auditors to the Baquba Teaching Hospital and laboratories of external tissue diseases in the Diyala/Iraq Formed benign tumors of the thyroid gland 70% (70 samples), while samples formed malignant tumors (a thyroid carcinoma glandular papillary and follicular carcinoma thyroid communities) rate 30% (30 samples) of malignant tumor samples studied. The present study showed that 84% from benign tumors of the thyroid gland which covered the study were in female and rate 15.7% were in males, while all malignant thyroid gland tumors which covered the study were in female and no male cases were reported. Also the results of the distribution of tumors on the age groups showed that benign tumors in the age group (39-30) formed rate 37.1% from benign tumors which covered the study, followed by age groups (20-29, 40-49, 50-59 and ˃60) where rates were 28%, 22.9%, 7.1%, and 4.3%, respectively), where the age group (30-39) was more preparing to be infected, while the results of the distribution of malignant tumors on age groups showed the age group (29-20) and the age group (39-30) included a large proportion of malignant tumors of the thyroid gland 26.7% for each. Demonstrated the detection of the Herpes simplex virus I type and II type by polymerization reaction (PCR) that 21.4% of the samples of the benign tumors tissue of thyroid gland was carrying the simple virus type I, and was 20% of the samples of malignant tumors tissue of the thyroid gland carrying the virus type I and there was without significance different between the two types of tumor in the spread of the simple type I virus in the tumors tissue.Either at detection on second type of virus was not WORLD JOURNAL OF PHARMACY AND PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES SJIF Impact Factor 7.421 Volume 8, Issue 4, 739-747 Research Article ISSN 2278 – 4357 *Corresponding Author


In recent years,along with the development of wireless communication technology such as GPRS/3G/WiFi,more and more collective terminal uses wireless communication for their information transfer.These meet the intelligence and interactive request,but bring up security problem.This paper through the analysis of some existing wireless transmission security hidden danger,combines with the application of intelligent terminal environment and its characteristics,an economic and appropriate security protection scheme of intelligent terminal is designed.


The purpose of the study was to analyze the effect of Perceived Organizational Support and Affective Organizational Justice as intervening variables on the relationship between Knowledge Sharing and Organizational Justice at Tria Dipa Hospital. The methodology of this research is through surveys to collect data to test the research hypotheses. The type of research used is quantitative with the PLS-Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) approach using SMART PLS software. The sample used in this study were 132 medical and non-medical employees at Tria Dipa Hospital using purposive sampling method. This study has seven hypotheses and all of them are supported which states that there is an influence of Perceived Organizational Support and Affective Organizational Justice as intervention variables on the relationship between Knowledge Sharing and Organizational Justice. The managerial implication of the research is for the organization in this case the hospital management, the results of this study can be used as initial data based on descriptive statistics from the Organizational Justice variable, the lowest mean value is obtained regarding the imbalance received by the efforts made by employees, for the organization in this case. hospital management, the results of this study can be used as initial data based on descriptive statistics from the Knowledge Sharing variable, the lowest mean value is obtained regarding using the knowledge given by colleagues, for organizations in this case hospital management, the results of this study can be used as preliminary data based on descriptive statistics from the Percieved Organizational Support variable, obtained the lowest average value regarding obtaining a salary that is in accordance with responsibilities, for organizations in this case hospital management, the results of this study can be used as a or initial based on descriptive statistics of the Affective Organizational Commitment variable, obtained the lowest average value regarding the difficulty of leaving the company.


The author emphasizes the need for a wide variety of community living arrangements for former mental patients, and describes a private residential-care program he founded in New York City in 1966. The program includes the 196-bed Boerum Hill Home for Adults, which is certified by the state as a proprietary home and a community residence, and the Brooklyn Vocational Rehabilitation Institute, which conducts vocational training programs for former patients in clerical, food service, and home management areas. It also operates a 64-bed satellite-housing and apartment-living program. The problems and advantages of operating a proprietary home are discussed, as well as some of the broader issues involved in community care of former patients.


In the recent years, the amount of flat roofs with load bearing structure from wood in Slovakia increases. This is caused by the costs and the effort to maximize the speed of built. Using the wood rafter in the flat roofs cause problem of using an organic material between two vapor tight layers, from interior a vapor barrier and from outside the roofing membrane. Additional, also oriented strand boards are also used instead of wooden boards. These are used either in condensations zones of the roofs or direct under the roofing membrane. This creates degradation of the material because of use in the humid environment in very short time. This paper briefly describes the state-of-art situation in Slovakia with some examples from the buildings and the numerical evaluation of the problem.


Many of the highways in South Carolina are expected to last long beyond their design life. As a result, there is a need to make use of the best technology that is available in order to extend the life of their highway system. This report provides: an evaluation of the Department's Standard Specifications, Special Provisions, and Addenda and makes recommendations concerning steps that can be implemented to improve the specifications and as a result the performance of hot mix asphalt (HMA) in South Carolina; a review of the research and experience of others with polymer modified HMA mixtures and makes recommendations to the Department with regard to the use of polymers; a review of the research and experience of others with large stone mixes (LSM) and stone matrix asphalt (SMA) mixes and provides recommendations to the department.


Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) represents one of the most frequent cause of liver disease and it has a high prevalence, especially among pacients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. The aim of our study was to evaluate the connection between the degrees of hepatic load fat and cardiovascular risk factors – hypertension, obesity and atherogenic dyslipidemia. The observational study included 92 subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus. More than 90% of the subjects presented different hepatic fat load. We found a direct correlation between tryglicerides and the degree of hepatic steatosis and a negative correlation between the amount of fat load and HDLc. The incidence of normal systolic blood pressure (SBP) cases was significantly higher in subjects with normal liver or mild steatosis (50% vs. 29.69% with moderate or severe steatosis, p=0.04), while the cases of moderate and severe steatosis were significantly more frequent in subjects with abnormal SBP values (70.31%, vs. 50% in patients whose SBP values were normal, p = 0.0007). The incidence of cases with normal liver was significantly higher in subjects with normal diastolic blood pressure (DBP), in comparison with subjects whose DBP values were over the normal values (19.51%, vs. 2.22%, p = 0.005). Also, we found a positive correlation between the degree of hepatic steatosis and the value of SBP. The results sustain the hypothesis that NAFLD can be a predictor of cardiovascular risk through its direct connection with SBP.


【Monoclonal antibodies(MAbs) against field isolates of the bovine rotavirus A strain(G6), V strain(G10) and reference I-801 strain(G8) were produced and characterized. Six MAbs(4C2, 4D9, 5E1, 5E7, 5D5, 3E4) against A strain had neutralizing activity and reacted only with the G6 bovine rotaviruses determined by fluorescence focus neutralization (FFN) test. Otherwise, five neutralizing MAbs(1G2, 2G6, 5E2, 5E12, 5H7) against I-801 strain neutralized the G6 and G8 bovine rotaviruses. Five non-neutralizing MAbs(5F12, 7F12, 5E11, 2A11, 2B12) were VP6-specific and cross-reacted with all bovine and porcine rotaviruses examined by fluorescence antibody(FA) test. None of the MAbs reacted with bovie viral diarrhea virus(BVDV) and bovine coronavirus(BCV) determined by FA and FFN test.】


We have achieved a Terahertz (THz) DFG system based on a walk-off compensated intracavity pumped dualwavelength KTP OPO employing two identical KTP crystals. The KTP OPO is doubly resonant and works near the degenerate point at 2.128μm, which doubles the quantum efficiency compared with DFG using pump pulses around 1μm. This THz source is simple and compact, about 10×10×40cm2 in size. Besides lower threshold and better stability, the walk-off compensated KTP OPO greatly improves the pump beam quality and enhances the DFG conversion efficiency. With an 8-mm-long GaSe crystal, the generated THz tuning range is from 0.186THz to 3.7THz with the maximum output voltage of 489V on the bolometer at 1.68THz. An average enhancement of 76.7% for the THz energies is realized using the walk-off compensated KTP OPO than a common one. The conversion efficiency can be improved with a longer and better GaSe crystal.


Pipeline transportation is the most economic and reasonable transport means of petroleum and natural gas. Influenced by complex corrosion environment, it is challenging to detect anomalies accurately with precise boundaries. Inspired by the idea of low-rank (LR) recovery, a novel anomaly detection model with a spatial–temporal regularization (STLR) is proposed to distinguish anomalies and background from magnetic flux leakage (MFL) measurements. By adding the STLR, the model enlarges the differences between the two parts and improves the effectiveness of anomaly detection. Then, an anomaly detection framework is proposed, where the raw MFL measurements are first transformed including profile transformation and filter transformation to prepare the measurements with high saliency. Second, a measurement fusion method is introduced to divide the transformed measurements into multiple blocks and fuse all detection results together. In experiments, the simulated MFL measurements generated by the magnetic dipole model are used to verify the method and obtain optimal parameters, and the real MFL measurements collected from experimental pipelines and in-service pipelines are evaluated for comparisons with other baseline methods.


Abstract: A 6‐year‐old girl had congenital sensory neuropathy with anhidrosis (CSNA), one of the five variants of a group of very rare genetic disorders of the peripheral nervous system—hereditary sensory neuropathies (HSN). Clinical, laboratory, and physiopathologic aspects are discussed. Dermatologic findings of anhidrosis and self‐mutilation suggest the diagnosis.


Managerial interest in user-generated content (UGC) websites is growing, as firm face highly uncertain markets, ambiguous economic environments, and a mounting user base accustomed to active engagement rather than passive acceptance of products and services. Firms are now exploring ways to provide a platform (website) through which users generate and contribute content, resulting in a co-created experience between users and firms. This conceptual paper develops a framework of value co-creation in form of model by utilizing user experience as to examine how social interactions, operationalized as perceived as UGC website influence an individual's user experience and subsequent engagement behaviors. Various social sites are availed by the consumers to share their experiences and suggest their viewpoints, which a firm could use as a platform to create innovation in their firms and could achieve better competitive advantage by satisfying consumers. Positive user experience positively influenced a user's engagement behavior. Based on the results of this study, implications for research and practice are discussed and future directions for researchers are outlined. This papers also outlines the transformation coming in firms working by utilizing social layer.


The transactions with payment based on shares represent a payment condition more and more used in the new economy. The transaction may mean either the effective transfer of the capital instruments or the cash settlement – depending on the value of some capital instruments. The basis of these transactions is the information delivered by the annual financial positions with a view to meeting the requirements of the end-users of information (shareholders, creditors, employees etc.).


Abstract THE first paper of this series, Russo and Heiman (1959a) indicated improved chick growth where corn fermentation condensed solubles was used in a variety of practical chick rations. In those tests, addition of corn fermentation condensed solubles was made at the expense of either corn meal or a combination of corn meal and soybean oil meal. In a second paper by Russo and Heiman (1959b) it was shown that for chick growth and feed efficiency, corn fermentation condensed solubles could replace condensed fish solubles and dried whey product in the A.N.R.C. diet. It was further observed that corn fermentation condensed solubles in a commercial broiler ration supplied the chick growth stimulus of fish meal but feed efficiency replacement was only partial. This report deals with the source of the chick growth stimulating effect of corn fermentation condensed solubles. The purpose here is to determine whether the observed response is associated …


Introduction PART I GENERAL FRAMEWORK OF COMPARISON Conversion and Divergence in Transition Process: Europe and Asia China's Transition to a Market Economy: How Far Across the River Two Reforms under Mono-Party Systems-Hungarian NEM and China's Reform PART II OWNERSHIP REFORM AND PRIVATIZATION SOE Reform and Privatization in Transition-China in Comparative Perspective Vietnamese Gradualism in SOE Reforms From Public to Private Savings: Decline of State Ownership in China PART III THE ROLE OF THE STATE AND MARKET IN TRANSITION The Special Safety Net in a Transitional Economy: the Case of China The State and the Transformation of Economic Systems Can the Japan Inc. Model be a Middle Course for Transition: Industrial Policy and Postwar Economic Development of Japan Market and Political Justice in Transformation of Poland PART IV LESSONS OF THE FIRST DECADE REVISITED Facts and Lessons of Ten Years of Transformation in Central Europe Lessons of Transformation in the Czech Republic: 1990-2000


Pelagic-benthic coupling is generally assumed to be tighter on Arctic shelves than in lower latitudes, due to for example pronounced seasonal cycles of sunlight and primary production and a potential mismatch between the bloom and its pelagic consumers. Pelagic-benthic coupling is also often stronger in shallower areas compared to deeper areas, due to the shorter distance between the productive, euphotic zone and the benthic realm. Recent studies have investigated this relationship between the pelagic and benthic communities and found stable isotope ratios to be depleted in areas where the coupling is tight and enriched where coupling is weaker. This study compares the pelagic-benthic coupling in the NE Fram Strait and SW Barents Sea and on the continental shelf relative to the continental slope, via the use of stable nitrogen and carbon isotopes. The approach was to study those contrasting regimes, both at the level of select species and at that of feeding guilds. Niche metrics were calculated to describe and compare trophic structure between the different areas. Contrary to the expectations, however, no differences in isotopic enrichment between the NE Fram Strait and the SW Barents Sea or between the continental shelf and the continental slope were observed. Pelagic feeding guilds were depleted in 15N and 13C compared to benthopelagic and benthic feeding guilds. The similarities observed between the NE Fram Strait and SW Barents sea may be attributed to substantial advection of Atlantic Water, with its associated biota, in the West Spitsbergen Current, which would cause the two areas to have the same water mass characteristics. The similarities observed between the continental shelf and to the continental slope sea may be attributed to deep vertical mixing in the study area.


Introduction. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease is the leading cause of chronic liver disease in children with an increasing prevalence and incidence, that evolves with fat deposition in the liver and generates a negative impact on the health and quality of life of patients. Objective. To determine the presence of variables associated with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in the pediatric population studied. Methods. Observational, cross-sectional study, in which overweight or obese patients aged from 18 months to 16 years were included, treated in the Gastroenterology and Nutrition services of a tertiary pediatric hospital, from September 2009 to February 2019. Two groups were included: 1) "With Fatty Liver": patients with increased liver echogenicity and 2) "Without fatty liver": patients with normal ultrasound study. Both groups were compared analyzing anthropometric, biochemical, perinatal and personal history variables. Results. 371 overweight or obese patients were included, showing that a history of prematurity and low birth weight were factors associated with fatty liver. Preterm newborns have 14 times more chances of fatty liver than term newborns [OR 14.08 95% CI (2.31- 577.54)]; while patients with low birth weight (< 2500 g) have three times the chances of having fatty liver [OR 3.38 95% CI (1.01; 17.77)]. Exclusive breastfeeding up to the sixth month reduced the chances of fatty liver [OR 0.29 95% CI (0.15-0.53)]. Physical examination showed that acanthosis nigricans in the neck and armpits, and increased abdominal circumference were more prevalent in the Fatty Liver group (p < 0.05) as well as, the altered biochemical variables of aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase, insulin (p < 0.05) and triglycerides (p = 0.0004). Conclusion: The search for variables associated with fatty liver is of vital importance in the early and timely diagnosis of this entity. The history of prematurity and low weight represent a risk factor, while exclusive breastfeeding up to the sixth month would prove to be a protective factor for the development of fatty liver. On physical examination, acanthosis nigricans and increased abdominal circumference were more common in the fatty liver group. Regarding the biochemical variables, the alteration of transaminases, insulin and triglycerides were significantly greater in the group with fatty liver.


Take the boschiniakia glabra of Inner Mongolian Dengkou County as experimental material.based on field investigation method.Research boschiniakia glabra inflorescence vegetal period,the relation between environmental conditions of a free air temperature,soil temperature and soil moisture content with the boschiniakia glabra inflorescence.The result indicated,The boschiniakia glabra inflorescence's growth have the close relation with the temperature and the soil temperature Generally the free air temperature is in 20~30℃,the soil temperature is in 15~20℃,the suitable soil volume water content is in 3%~4%,the growth speed may reach 2~3cm/d in fastest speed.When the soil volume water content surpasses 8%,the plant began to rot.


Traditional memory performance metrics, such as average memory access time (AMAT), are designed for sequential data accesses and can prove misleading for contemporary cache technologies that increasingly rely on access concurrency. C-AMAT, a new performance metric, accounts for concurrency at both the component and system levels for modern memory design.


This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of doxofylline as an adjuvant in reducing severe exacerbation for different clinical subtypes of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).


This paper analyzes the apparently emerging phenomenon of private regulation through ad hoc online coalitions. It evaluates the online cost structures that permit and shape the collective action underlying this phenomenon. It also evaluates the motivations and capacity necessary in particular circumstances to inspire such regulation. The paper concludes that a necessary motivation is the perception of both a market and a government failure, and the necessary capacity is essentially a function of willing participants. As this paper's primary case study targeted speech, many of the paper's conclusions are particularly relevant for future instances of private speech regulation. As a result, the paper addresses some normative implications of campaigns aimed at private speech. The primary case study centers on the online coalition that coalesced and dissolved around the acts of Sinclair Broadcasting Group less than a month before the 2004 presidential election. The onling campaign attempted to punish a private party; other campaigns in the following weeks attempted to aid other private parties. All such campaigns will become more common. This paper attempts a first analysis of their mechanisms, possible effects, and implications.


Error is one of the linguistic characteristics of language learners.Based on large number of error samples of learner language,this paper explores the procedures of error analysis,the origin of error production and error correction.Suggestions are put forward and a student′s composition is analyzed as example.Finally,the paper emphasizes that teachers should pay more attention to students′ errors in English learning so as to reduce errors and then promote their English learning.


Very little is known about the molecules that mediate essential prosurvival interactions between plasma cells (PC) and bone marrow stroma. We have shown that both normal and transformed plasma cells (myeloma, MM) express CD28 (prototypic T cell costimulatory molecule) that correlates with increased survival in MM. We had previously shown that CD28 activation directly with agonistic antibodies or indirectly with CD80/CD86+ (CD28 ligands) dendritic cells protect MM cells against cell death. MM-CD28 also interacts with other CD86+ MM cells to maintain enhanced survival that can be reversed with CD86 blockers like CTLA4Ig. Additionally, we also show that CD28 activation is essential to help plasma cells overcome intrinsic redox stress, a result of increased protein synthesis and metabolic activity (Bertolotti et al., 2010) which if not regulated can lead to cell death. For the first time, we show that CD28 activation not only drives survival via increased NFκB activity, but it also decreases ROS levels via the redox regulator thioredoxin (TRX-1), inhibition of which increased ROS, decreased TRX-1 expression and NFκB activity and reversed CD28 mediated survival in MM. Also, TRX-1 inhibition enhanced CTLA4Ig's anti-survival effect on MM. Interestingly, gene expression datasets of long lived plasma cells from patients correlate with TRX-1 expression with increased survival, highlighting the vital role this redox regulator plays in PC survival.


This chapter is a preliminary exploration of fifteenth-century biblical exegesis, as expressed in pro- converso apologetical tracts by notorious or alleged conversos : Pablo de Santa Maria (1351-1435) and his son, Alonso de Cartagena (1384-1456), both bishops of Burgos; the Cardinal Juan de Torquemada (1388-1468); the Hieronymite General Alonso de Oropesa (?-1468); and finally, de Oropesa's possible relative Hernando de Talavera (1428-1507), a Hieronymite fryar, confessor of Queen Isabel, bishop of Avila and first archbishop of Granada. First, the chapter offers a brief summary of fifteenth-century Christian Paulininism articulated in these pro- converso tracts. Second, it explores what the author identifies as a common biblical exegetical tendency in those tracts toward a certain type of Christological literality. Finally, the chapter suggests that fifteenth-century pro- converso Paulinism was strongly related to that specific way of interpreting the Bible. This interdependence between content and exegesis could be explained on the basis of genealogy. Keywords:Christological literality; fifteenth-century biblical exegesis; fifteenth-century Christian Paulininism; genealogy; pro- converso apologetical tracts


Methods for ensuring consistency of horizontal alignment elements On rural two lane roads, which form over 80 percent of the total road network in most countries, most accidents are caused in curves. The most frequent cause of accidents is the inconsistency of horizontal alignment elements with respect to possibility of maintaining the desired speed of travel. An overview is given of existing methods and latest research, as related to the evaluation of vehicle operation speeds, and consistency of horizontal alignment elements on rural two lane roads. Advantages and deficiencies of guidelines applied in individual countries are also presented


The article considers the concept and the functions of the general psychological culture of personality, produces the indices of the psychological culture which correspond to the age possibilities of the pupils and can be the orientation for the working out of the educational curricula for the senior pupils.


In my specialty of pediatrics, a journal issue on gastrointestinal disease would include discussions of diarrhea, vomiting, constipation, and spitting up. While common in children, many of these symptoms also occur frequently in adults, along with a range of more serious conditions. Not only are differential diagnoses and therapy complicated and challenging in gastroenterology, but many conditions in this field are at the cutting edge of detection and prevention. The excitement and discovery of new and ingenious ways of recognizing and treating illness are made greater by the fact that matters of the gut are quite common and greatly affect patients' quality of life. We continue to learn more and more about detection and early treatment of cancer. The hepatitis B vaccine can be considered the first ever vaccine to prevent cancer. Now, as hepatitis B steps aside and hepatitis C moves to the front of the stage, we can recognize and effectively treat this common cause of hepatic cancer, as well, with new direct-acting antiviral drugs. Similarly, colon cancer continues to rank as the 3rd most common cause of cancer deaths, but we now know better when and how to screen for, detect, and prevent colon cancer. We also know that disparity in screening rates leads to unnecessary deaths; fortunately, the gap in screening rates is beginning to close as we set higher goals and increase awareness. For inflammatory bowel disease, recognition and treatment continue to improve with the development of well-directed therapies that have fewer adverse effects. Likewise,…


We consider the capability of the e+e− linear collider (which is recently called as the International Linear Collider, or ILC) for studying the properties of the heavy Higgs bosons in the supersymmetric standard model. We pay special attention to the large tan β region which is motivated, in particular, by explaining the dark-matter density of the universe (i.e., so-called "rapid-annihilation funnels"). We perform a systematic analysis to estimate expected uncertainties in the masses and widths of the heavy Higgs bosons assuming an energy and integrated luminosity of √ s = 1 TeV and L = 1 ab−1. We also discuss its implication to the reconstruction of the dark-matter density of the universe.


The point diffraction interferometer (PDI) is a common-path interferometer that can be used to easily measure either the phase variation across the wavefront or the change in the index of refraction of a transparent phase object [1-3]. In such an interferometer, the reference beam is generated after the filter, thus providing a self-referencing system that is inherently stable and relatively insensitive to vibration. The PDI has a simple structure and is useful in the testing and evaluation of optical elements and in the analysis of phase objects and fluid flow diagnostics, for example. The filter in a PDI has either an opaque dot that is smaller than the airy disk on a transparent film or the transparent dot on an opaque film. The wavefront is focused onto the dot by a Fourier transform lens, and a spherical wave is generated by the diffraction caused by the dot. A fringe pattern is obtained at the image plane by the interference between the diffracted wave and the wavefront. However, a filter having an extremely small dot is required, and focusing the wavefront on such a small dot is difficult. In the present paper, a point diffraction interferometer using an optical saturable absorber is proposed. In this system, the small dot is generated automatically on the film and the focal point is self-aligned. We now consider a standard PDI consisting of a Fourier transform lens and a transparent dot filter, as shown in Fig.1. A wavefront on the object plane is focused on the filter. Here, we consider a


1960s and 1980s. Those in the Reagan era were more likely to focus on influencing powerful institutions instead of challenging their power, for example, and also more successful at forging coalitions across national borders. Activists working in the cultural sphere, too, often evinced an 'outward-looking transnational sensibility' (p. xii) that anticipated the 'globalization' focus of some activist movements of the late 1990s. For a project covering so much ground in less than 200 pages, The Other Eighties is remarkably thorough. Nonetheless, there are arguable omissions. Although 'Reaganomics', including the redirection of federal resources away from the most economically vulnerable Americans and the effective defeat of the New Deal remain a significant legacy of the era, Martin devotes less analysis to economics than might be expected. An examination of grassroots activism related to key 1980s issues such as welfare and poverty would have complimented the author's analysis. Union politics, irreversibly altered in 1981 with Reagan's firing of striking Air Traffic Controllers, similarly merit discussion. These oversights, however, do not detract from the book's significance. Martin's study is an ambitious revision of the decade, one that is studded with insights about the way that left-oriented social and cultural movements functioned during a period of right-wing political power. The Other Eighties will hopefully be the first of forthcoming studies on the 1980s that will similarly reframe the politics of the era by focusing on grassroots dissent.


The microclimate under high density apple orchard ecosystems is different from traditional apple orchards. Hence the insect and mite pest incidence and their natural enemies may also be different. Therefore, the field experiments were carried out at three different locations at Ambri Apple Research Center, Pahnoo and two farmer's fields at Mohandpora, and Tharen, Shopian Kashmir during 2018 and 2019. During the period of study, eleven insect pest species were found associated with apple at all three locations, which belong to four orders viz. Hemiptera (Aphis pomi, Eriosoma lanigerum, Anuraphis sp. Quadraspidiotus perniciosus and Halyomorpha hayla), Lepidoptera (Archips termias, Malacosoma indicum and Lyonetia clerkella) and Coleoptera (Scolytus nitidus, Adoretus simplex and Altica spp). In addition to insect pests, two mite species Panonychus ulmi and Tetranychus urticae were also found associated with apple. Among the pests, Aphis pomi, Quadraspidiotus perniciosus and Panonychus ulmi were very severe. In addition to pest, twenty one species of natural enemies were also recorded belong to six orders viz Coleoptera, Hymenoptera, Neuroptera, Diptera, Acari and Araneae. The population of Aphis pomi and Eriosoma lanigerum were significantly positively correlated to coccinillid beetles (r=+0.984** & r=+0.985**), syrphid flies (r=+0.882** & r=+0.882**) and spiders (r=+0.888** & r=+0.969**). There was significant positive correlation between Eriosoma lanigerum and its parasitoid Aphelinus mali (r=+0.973**). The population of Panonychus ulmi showed also a postive correlation with Amblyseius fallacies and Stethorus aptus (r=+0.505 & r=+0.463).


Farm manure applicator is an important machine tool for mechanizing scattering of farm manure.By means of optimizing design methods,the three influencing factors on scattering performance,which are rotational speed of scattering apparatus,pitch of screw and feeding speed,have been studied.Experimental results showed that rotational speed 375~400 r/min,pitch of screw 340mm,feeding speed 12 mm/s can satisfy the needs of design parameters for available scattering breadth and low unevenness.


The traditional elite in the 2017 Buru Regency Head Election has a strategic position for the survival of democracy for five years. The influence and power they have is the key in the democratic process of the 2017 Pilkada won by the couple Ramli Umasagi and Amustofa Besan (RAMA). This study seeks to understand the existence of local elites on Buru Island and their role in the 2019 Regent Election. using the elite theoretical framework proposed by Mosca, Pareto and Keller synthesized with the theory of political participation formulated by Mirriam Budiarjo, Samuek Huntingting and Joan Nelson. This study finds that in the Buru Island community, the local elite has been stratified in structure; Mat Gugul, Hinolog and Soa. The figures in this elite not only play a role in social, cultural and economic functions, but also have an increasing significant political role During the reformation period. Second, In the 2017 Pilkada, these elites have carried out intense participation, among others, in conducting political socialization, being the Pilkada committee, mobilizing lower-level so that the community participates in politics and not abstaining, Resolving conflicts if they occur and providing political support to RAMA candidates. whose triumphed in this election. This research strengthens theories about the role of local elites or non-governing elites in the political process. Therefore, theoretically the democratic process should pay attention to the role of local elites who have been proven to have an influence as evidenced in this study
Key words: Indigenious Elite, Pilkada 2017, Buru Regency, Ramli Usagi, Matgugul, Hinolong, Soa


Managing submarine safety, effectively, requires an understanding of many areas of platform performance, including its ability to manoeuvre. QinetiQ's free-running submarine model (FRM) capability, the second generation Submarine Research Model (SRMII), forms a key part of the UK's predictive manoeuvring capability that supports the MoD's ability to conduct hydrodynamic assessment of the manoeuvring and control performance of the Royal Navy's current and future submarines. Uniquely for an FRM, the SRMII has a large and capable ballast system. This is able to emulate a flooding incident within a submarine compartment and the subsequent emergency recovery procedures, which may include blowing the submarine's main ballast tanks. This paper discusses how the SRMII's ballast system was used to generate model-scale trajectories, which are not obtainable with many other FRMs. The experimental data were used to successfully validate the mathematical model, which predicts the maximum pitch angle response of a full-scale submarine to a compartment flood, to within an average accuracy of 1% at model-scale. However, the range of the non-dimensional flow angles the FRM exhibited was shown to be within that for a full-scale flood trajectory. Therefore, further tests have been proposed to increase the extent of the data in the future.


In the most recent biography of Gracilaso de la Vega, published in 2002, Maria del Carmen Vaquero Serrano puts forward the hypothesis that Elisa, whom the poet mourns in eclogues I and III may not have been Isabel Freire, as it has traditionally been accepted, but another Portuguese lady, D. Beatriz de Sa, the second wife of his brother Pedro Lasso. The author undertakes an analysis of the basis of this proposal and assess the viability of the new identification


In the present study the salinity stress, antioxidant enzyme and antimicrobial activities of leaf extract of Avicennia marinawere investigated. As visualized from SDS-PAGE, no differences was found in number of protein band, but the intensities of several protein bands having apparent molecular mass by reduced severely in salt treated samples with enhanced activities of CAT, POX and GPX. Escherichia coli (ATCC8739), Staphylococus aureus (ATCC 6538), and Bacillus subtilis (ATCC6633) and fungus (Candida albicans ATCC 2091, and Aspergillus niger ATCC 16404) were used as the test pathogenic bacteria and fungi, respectively in this study. The Avicennia marina extract possessed antibacterial activity against E. coli, S. aureus, and B. subtilis (12, 6, and 7 mm respectively), with antifungal activity against C. albicans and A. niger (9 and 10 mm).


Chinese women's volleyball team in final game in Athens Olympic Games which were attractive to the world people,lost the first two rounds,but they were sure of their win and made big turn. They defeated the previous Olympic champion team Russia by 3∶2,and got a golden medal of collective items for China.It was because Chinese volleyball team developed the collective spirit of previous women's volleyball team and insisted on fast changeable fighting tactics that they defeated Russian team's air control.At last through the fighting between two kinds of thought prevailing in women's volleyball team in present world,they won the very important golden medal.


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A method and system for digitally capturing polling data for one or more candidate options is provided wherein a voter is provided with a physical ballot form (30), and ballot data is digitally captured by analysing a digital record to determine the location of one or more marks on the form, such as to associate them with corresponding one or more selected candidate options. The data may be captured using a digital pen (2) as the marks are made. A method and system for analysing such ballot data is also disclosed.


This research is meant to test and to analyze the ownership structure, early warning system of performance, and profitability ratio to the firm value of insurance companies which are listed in Indonesia Stock Exchange from 2008 to 2014. By using independent variable, Managerial Ownership Structure Ratio (SKM), Institutional Ownership Structure Ratio (SKI), Claim Burden Ratio (RBK), Liquidity Ratio (RLD), Agent's Balance to Surplus (RAB), Premium Growth Ratio (RPP), and Return on Assets (ROA). The result of this research shows that Managerial Ownership Structure Ratio (SKM), Liquidity Ratio (RLD), Agent's Balance to Surplus (RAB), Premium Growth Ratio (RPP), and Return on Assets (ROA) have influence to the firm value, meanwhile the Institutional Ownership Structure Ratio (SKI), Liquidity Ratio (RLD), and Premium Growth Ratio (RPP) does not have any influence to the firm value. The multiple linear regressions models of this research have adjusted value R2 is 0.50 which means that 50% of firm value can be explained by the Managerial Ownership Structure Ratio (SKM), Institutional Ownership Structure Ratio (SKI), Claim Burden's Ratio (RBK), Liquidity Ratio (RLD), Agent's Balance To Surplus (RAB), Premium Growth Ratio (RPP), and Return On Assets (ROA) variables whereas the remaining is 50% is influenced by the other variables outside of the research model. Keywords : Insurance Company, Tobins Q, Ownership Structure, Early Warning System, Profitability.


While many of the essays are concerned with recovering the work of neglected or forgotten playwrights and theatre practitioners, there is not a lot that is strikingly "new" here in terms of methodology and theory, despite the editors' promise. John Stokes's contribution serves as a case in point: somewhat misleadingly titled "Memories of Madame Arnould Plessy: Henry James Re-stages the Past," Stokes's essay is less concerned with James's view of Plessy per se than with establishing her position in the history of French acting through a careful analysis of primary textual evidence, suggesting that the character of Madame Carré from The Tragic Muse was based on Plessy, and using her as a frame for this larger project. While Stokes's essay is undoubtedly a "new history" that forwards knowledge of Plessy, it is neither methodologically nor theoretically innovative.


The charge radii and the decay rates of the pion and kaons are calculated, using the relativistic equation of motion with a linear potential. Those physical quantities are quite well explained with the current quark masses in the case of the pion. It is found that the Van Royen-Weisskopf paradox can be cleared out only in the linear potential model by considering the color degree of freedom of the quark in the meson. The physical quantities for the kaon are not so satisfactory that it should be required to reconsider the Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa matrix element in the kaon decay.


The features of magnetic fluid and its advantages as lubricant were introduced.The latest achievements and development of theoretical research and engineering application of magnetic fluid lubrication technology,at home and abroad,were given.The prospect of magnetic-fluid lubrication technology was summarized from different views.The magnetic fluid in lubrication helps to improve the load-carrying capacity and working performances of bearing in rolling mill and helps to research and develop the intellectualized bearing in rolling mill.


Objective To determine the body shape concern among pharmacy-biochemistry students and its association with several social and labor variables and nutritional status. Methods A total of 346 students (80.3% female) with mean age 20.2 (SD = 2.4) years were asked to answer the Body Shape Questionnaire (BSQ). The factorial and convergent validities and the internal consistencies (α) of the BSQ were calculated. The goodness-of-fit indices, the chi-square by degree of freedom ratio (χ2/df), the comparative fit index (CFI), the normed fit index (NFI), and the root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA) were also used for data analysis. The mean score of body shape concern was estimated using an algorithm generated from the confirmatory factor analysis. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to compare the mean scores with variables of interest. Results The BSQ presented adequate validity (χ2/df = 3.29; CFI = .87, NFI = .82, RMSEA = .08), and reliability (α = .97) after fit. Female students showed more body shape concern than male students (p < .001). Furthermore, the students who rated the course as dissatisfactory relative to their initial expectation (p = .048), consumed drugs under academic pressure (p < .001), thought about quitting the course (p = .002), and were overweight/obese (p < .001) also presented greater body shape concern. Conclusion The variables gender, dissatisfaction with the course, drug intake due to academic pressure, desire of quitting the course, and the nutritional status were significantly associated with the body shape concern among the participating students.


The dissertation is dedicated to random dynamics of two classes of maps: quadratic polynomials and exponential functions. It is mostly based on two successful papers ([20] and [21] in the dissertation bib-liography) written by the author in collaboration with specialists in the respective areas and published in sufficiently prestigious journals. The results are quite complex and very interesting. They contain, in particular, some new surprising observations differentiating random dynamics of holomorphic maps from the regular one. The work is based on several complex theories


The present work shows that the mathematical equivalence of Jordan frame and its conformally transformed version, the Einstein frame, so far as Brans-Dicke theory is concerned, survives a quantization of cosmological models in the theory. We work with the Wheeler-deWitt quantization scheme and take up quite a few anisotropic cosmological models as examples. We effectively show that the transformation from Jordan to Einstein frame is a canonical one and hence two frames are equivalent description of same physical scenario.


AIM:To study pharmacokinetic property of rh-IFNα2a after intravenous(i.v.) and intramuscular(i.m.) injection to mice and rats.METHODS:Double antibody sandwich ELISA analysis was used for testing drug concentration in serum,urine,bile and tissues after i.v.and i.m.administration of rh-IFNα2a in mice and rats.Pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated by DAS software.Immunohistochemistry technique was also adopted to evaluate its distribution characters.RESULTS: Pharmacokinetic model of rh-IFNα2a after i.v.and i.m.was consistent with two-compartment and one-compartment open model respectively,both submitting to first-order kinetic elimination.Rh-IFNα2a was predominantly distributed in kidney and lung tissue.The total drug accumulative excretion quantity in urine was 0.121% of the administered after rh-IFNα2a 8.19 μg/kg i.v.into mice.The total drug accumulative excretion quantity in bile was 0.247% of the administered after rh-IFNα2a 4.10 μg/kg i.v.into rats.CONCLUSION: Pharmacokinetic models after i.v.and i.m.rh-IFNα2a are two-compartment open model and one-compartment open model,respectively,both with first-order kinetic elimination.


Upward of 400 essays have appeared in Crime and Justice. The aim has been to publish thoughtful, exhaustive analyses of the best work in a wide range of disciplines on crime and the criminal justice system. A plethora of subjects has been covered. Many have been revisited once, some several times, a few many times. This volume contains two firsttimers, by Robert Crutchfield on race, crime, and social class and by Torbjørn Skardhamer and his colleagues on marriage and crime. Both are in part intellectual histories. Each casts new light and challenges conventional wisdom on subjects about which many believe there is little more to be learned. The other essays to greater and lesser extents are sequels. By themselves they provide informed summaries and critiques of their subjects in our time. Together with their predecessors, they provide series of snapshots of knowledge and ways of thinking as they have evolved over time.


The Erlangping Group is exposed over large tracts in the Xixia area in the Qinling Mountains in the border region of Henan, Shaanxi and Gansu provinces. Abundant spores of terrestrial plants, some acritarchs and scarce chitinozoans are found in silty slate of the Huoshenmiao Formation of the group. The spore assemblage may correlate with the early Middle Devonian spore assemblage reported in South and Southwest China and West Qinling and also with the early Middle Devonian spore zone in Western Europe, Russian, and North America. The age of the spore assemblage is Middle Devonian and may also be early Middle Devonian, equivalent to the Eifelian of Western Europe.


Salmo gairdneri, Cyprinus carpio, Poecilia reticulata, Leuciscus idus melanotus, Asellus aquaticus, Ankistrodesmus falcatus and Monoraphidium griffithii were exposed to four growth regulating herbicides, four photosynthesis toxicants, lindane, an anionactive tenside, KCN and Na3[Cu(CN)4] in standardized toxicity tests. The biochemical degradability of the substances was tested with activated sludge. In order to test the possible effects in waters there should be used Salmo for the oligosaprobic zone. Poecilia as well as Ankistrodesmus and Monoraphidium provide reliable estimations for β-mesosaprobic waters. With respect to the longer-term permission of plant protection products, besides Salmo there can be recommended also Leuciscus.


Note added in proof (June 15, 1958): If we take, for example, m7r+"' (7T+)*Q7T+, where Q is some "mass" operator, one can roughly estimate the mass of p0 as "'139 Mev, using formulas (1) to (3). Hence, the investigation of 1r0 production processes appears to be the most convenient way to discover the p0 meson ( cf. Fliagin, Dzhelepov, Kiselev, and Oganesian, Preprint R-188 Joint Inst. for Nucl. Prob. ).


Agarose and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis are the two common techniques used to determine the size, purity and sequence identity of DNA fragments. Nucleic acids can also be visualized on gels using fluorescent or silver staining procedures. DNA markers are one of the tools to determine the size of unknown DNA fragments and verify the separation and staining efficiency on gel but are costly. Therefore, a 100 bp DNA ladder was prepared in laboratory by amplifying pUC 19 plasmid template with the help of 2 forward and 5 reverse primers in a cost effective manner.


This paper undertakes study of two railway coach repair workshops located in South India involved in periodical overhauling of broad gauge passenger coaches. The study takes into account the various activities in terms of maintenance of coaches and production of components the energy input for Carriage Repair Workshop Hubli (UBLS) and Central workshop, Mysore (MYSS). The specific energy consumption of larger workshop i.e. UBLS is comparatively less than the smaller one i.e. MYSS due to introduction and successful maintenance of many a energy conservation measures. Hence extended study was undertaken to analyse the drivers for energy efficiency and 82 respondents out of 235 supervisors were interviewed separately and their opinion on the rating of drivers for energy conservation (EC) were sought. The entire workshop supervisors were divided into four groups based on their functions viz. Electrical supervisors, Carriage Maintenance Supervisors, Production shop supervisors and lastly the Maintenance Supervisors. The result analysis finds that all the four groups show the similar ranking wherein it was evident that dedication of the top management, supervisors and staff was the major driver for implementation and successful maintenance, sustenance of the energy efficiency measures. The driver "Awareness and adoption of latest technologies for EC" is a close second in all the four groups under study. The major areas of concern in the workshops are the aged transformer welding plants and the centralized air distribution systems with earlier technology of reciprocating compressors.


After screening 14 strains exhibiting high xylanase activities, Penicillium canescens (CP1) and Penicillium janthinellum Biourge (CP2) strains were selected. The ~-xylanases produced had an optimum temperature and pH of 50~ and 4.0, respectively. Using a bleaching sequence of D100EP, DsoEP, and XDsoEP, the effluent color obtained with XD~0EP was lower for CP1 and CP2 than at the DI00 stage. The color was slightly higher at the XDsoEP stage than with the DsoEP sequence. In the final pulp obtained with XD~0EP pretreatment, the viscosity increase and the Kappa number was similar to that of D100EP in the CP1 and CP2 strains. Brightness in the final pulp was slightly lower than that of control. The selectivity ratio was better for the CP1 and CP2 strains as compared to control. In the XDsoEP stage using xylanase extract from CP1 with a pulp consistency of 8 to 15%, the Kappa number was not changed, but the viscosity, brightness, and selectivity ratio were improved proportional to the rise in consistency and delignification. Breaking length, burst and tear index, porosity, and elongation, in the final paper did not change after enzymatic treatment. AOX decreased (26%) in the Ds0 stage effluent as compared with D~| whereas in the XD~0 stage diminished 42%. The enzymatic treatment with CP1 facilitates the lignin release, decreases the CL02 load by 20%, and reduces the AOX without any negative effects on the physical properties of the pulp and paper. *Author to whom all correspondence and reprint requests should be addressed. Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology 29 Vol. 73, 1998


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A synthetic polycrystalline sample of β-FeOOH was investigated by means of X-ray and thermal neutron diffraction. The classification of β-FeOOH as belonging to the tetragonal system was confirmed and a set of coordinates of iron, oxygen, and hydrogen atoms in the unit cell is given. The spin ordering determined is of the layer kind: the magnetic moments in the particular layers are coupled ferromagnetically parallel to the co-axis and antiferromagnetically between the layers.


The Value at Risk (VaR) is widely used to measure the risk of banks' trading books, but it also has been criticized in the previous academic literature due to some odd properties. Other risk measures have been suggested as potentially being superior from a theoretical perspective. This gives rise to the question whether or not it makes much difference in practical applications which index is being used. Certainly, the numbers indicating risk will be different. Whenever risk measures are ordinal, however, it only matters whether or not the ranking of risky alternatives (portfolios, say) coincides. Therefore, taking actual data from two trading books, we analyze the rank correlation of different measures. In most cases we observe high values of Spearman's rank correlation coefficient, indicating that the index choice might not be too important. But it also becomes apparent that the VaR could as well be replaced by indices with a more convincing theoretical basis which do not generate a very different ranking of risks and in fact seem to compromise better between competing risk judgements. On the basis of theoretical arguments, we modify the data in various ways and repeat the analysis. It turns out that the results do not vary much, i.e., they seem to be quite robust.


Abstract Teachers' autonomy contributes to their development and retention decisions. While proficient teachers would benefit from more autonomy, developing teachers often require more structure and guidance. This article reviews the literature surrounding autonomy and proposes an argument for a Graduated Teacher Autonomy framework: a theoretical tool matching teacher proficiency to autonomy. This dynamic framework has the potential to support the needs of all teachers and could improve teacher satisfaction, retention, development, and administrator–teacher relations.


A study was conducted to identify, characterize, and quantify the national particulate air pollution problem from stationary sources. Particulate emissions from stationary sources were determined from data on emission factors, grain loadings, and material balances. The principal method used for establishing the tonnage emitted by an industry utilized uncontrolled emission factors. Total tonnage emitted by a given industry was calculated from four quantities: (1) an emission factor for the uncontrolled source; (2) the total tonnage processed per year by the industry; (3) the efficiency of control equipment used; and (4) the percentage of production capacity equipped with control devices. Particulate emissions from stationary sources in the United States currently total approximately 18 X 106 ton/yr. The major stationary sources of particulates include electric power generation plants, the crushed stone industry, the forest products industry, agriculture and related operations, the cement industry, and the ...


The chemical composition of the essential oils obtained from the aerial parts of Helichrysum cymosum and H. fulgidum, from Tanzania, were analyzed by GC and GC/MS. A total of sixty-five compounds, representing 92.4% and 88.2% of the two oils, respectively, were identified. trans-Caryophyllene, caryophyllene oxide, β-pinene, p-cymene, spathulenol and β- bourbonene were found to be the main components. Furthermore, the oils were tested against six gram (±) bacteria and three pathogenic fungi. It was found that the oil of H. fulgidum exhibited significant antimicrobial activity, while the oil of H. cymosum was not active at all.


This paper presents a review of the main available indicators to measure poverty and income inequality, examining their properties and suitability for different types of economic analyses, and providing real-world data to illustrate how they work. Although some of these metrics –such as the Gini coefficient– are most frequently used for this purpose, it is crucially important for researchers and policy-makers to take into account alternative methods that can offer complementary information in order to better understand these issues at all levels.