Nitrate nitrogen (NO 3 -N) enriched water originates from subsurface drains or "tiles" that underlay many fields in the Corn Belt and is the primary source of NO 3 -N to surface waters in this region. To better assess the fate and transport of nutrients, such as NO 3 -N, the tile drain and pothole components of SWAT (Soil and Water Assessment Tool) were enhanced and modified in the previous component of this study. In this study, the environmental and economic impacts of various best management practice (BMP) scenarios often adopted by local farmers to reduce sediment and nutrient loadings (in particular NO 3 -N) were evaluated using the modified SWAT (SWAT-M) and FEM (Farm-level Economic Model) models. Measured values of water quality indicators from the Walnut Creek watershed (WCW) located in central Iowa were used to verify the capability of SWAT-M to predict the impact of late-spring nitrate test (LSNT) and rye cover crop management on NO 3 -N reduction at the subbasin level. The results obtained from SWAT-M simulation results, similar to field measurement data, indicated a 25% reduction in NO 3 -N under the LSNT scenario. FEM results indicated a corresponding increased annual cost of $6/ha across all farms in the watershed. Simulation of other scenarios, including winter cover cropping and a combination of LSNT and cover cropping at different adoption rates within WCW, resulted in a progressive reduction in sediment and nutrient losses as adoption rates increased. Use of the rye cover crop added about $25/ha to $35/ha to the annual cost of the average farm, indicating that some cost-share support may be necessary to encourage farmers to use winter cover crops.


Clayton (7) has explained the modern concept of the means whereby photosynthetic organisms obtain the supplies of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and reduced pyridine nucleotides necessary for the operation of the Calvin cycle that is responsible for the reductive incorporation of carbon dioxide into their cellular materials. In both plants and photosynthetic bacteria, the really fundamental part played by light is the generation of ATP by photophosphorylation, the generation of reduced pyridine nucleotides being the result either of a process ancillary to photophosphorylation (in green plants) or of a process totally unconnected with it (in photosynthetic bacteria). The accent on photophosphorylation by Arnon and his school somewhat strengthens a definition of autotrophs that I happened to make some time ago (10), namely, that they are ''organisms that do not use organic compounds as primary sources of energy." This definition seems to me to be better than one referred to by Umbreit (21), based on "rays of the sun," since it subsumes green plants, photosynthetic bacteria, and chemosynthetic bacteria, all of which are, in common parlance and by dictionary definition, autotrophs. I shall devote most of my remarks to a consideration of some of the problems the chemosynthetic autotrophs face in obtaining an energy supply from inorganic sources since this aspect of their metabolism is, to me at any rate, the most fascinating one. On general biochemical grounds we should expect the energy dynamo of these organisms to be, as it is in other organisms, a cytochrome system coupled to a phosphorylating system generating ATP, the whole dynamo being driven by oxidation of the inorganic substrate. Is it true, then, that such systems are to be found in the chemosynthetic autotrophs?


Carbon fiber reinforced polymer(CFRP)tendons applied in the bridge engineering are generally sustained with cyclic load,which may bring degradation of the tendons' mechanical properties.The initial mechanical properties of CFRP tendons were tested through static load testing firstly.Then the effect of cyclic load on elastic modulus,relaxation and tensile strength of CFRP tendons under every stage was investigated through fatigue tests.The results show that the elastic modulus of the tendons under ultimate tensile state is about 5% higher than initial condition.Therefore,when the deformation of CFRP tendons has a significant impact on internal force of structure,the nonlinear problem of CFRP material is strongly recommended to be considered during structure designing stage.Two million times of normal service cyclic loading has little effect on elastic modulus, relaxation and tensile strength of CFRP tendons.Under the cycle loading with the stress range of 4.3%of ultimate tensile strength,the tensile strength of CFRP tendons increases by 1.2%.However,when the stress range reaches to 7%,there is no significant change in tensile strength compared with that under the initial condition.


INTRODUCTION
Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is a prevalent renal disorder that causes abnormal growth of renal epithelial cells. The excessive expansion of renal epithelial cells can lead to cyst formation that is associated with serious renal complications. The early diagnosis of ADPKD makes the control of the disease somehow attainable. Regarding the diagnostic potential of microRNAs (miRs) as robust clinical biomarkers, the present study aimed to examine the potential of urinary miRs in early diagnosis of ADPKD in asymptomatic patients.

METHODS
Urine samples were obtained from 20 asymptomatic ADPKD patients and 20 healthy control individuals and the miR content of the samples was extracted and converted to cDNA for the qRT-PCR experiment. The relative expressions of miR-17, miR-21, miR-143, and miR-223 were evaluated in ADPKD cases and healthy individuals. Serum levels of kidney function markers were also evaluated in the study participants.

RESULTS
The urine samples of patients with ADPKD demonstrated higher levels of miR-17, miR-21, and miR-143 along with a lower miR-223 level compared to the healthy control group.

CONCLUSION
This study revealed the differential expression of the studied miRs in ADPKD patients. Detection of miRs in urinary samples might provide a useful platform for early diagnosis of ADPKD in asymptomatic patients.  DOI: 10.52547/ijkd.7281.


Arrays with good correlation properties are required for code-departure imaging, as well as for other applications of two-dimensional signal processing. Since binary arrays with perfect periodic autocorrelation are rather sparse. 'pseudoperiodic' binary arrays are discussed. The transmitted binary array is correlated in the receiver with the same array which is surrounded periodically by similar ternary arrays. A construction method is presented that permits the construction of such 'pseudoperiodic' binary arrays with perfect correlation properties for all sizes p/sub 1//sup a1//spl times/p/sub 2//sup a2/ (p/sub 1/, p/sub 2/ odd prime, a/sub 1/, a/sub 2/=1, 2, 3...).


In this paper, we are interested in the evaluation of special values of the Dedekind zeta function of a totally real number field. In particular, we revisit Siegel method for values of the zeta function of a totally real number field at negative odd integers and explain how this method is applied to...


A liquid propellant gun utilizes a differential piston having a plurality of bores through its head, which head divides the liquid propellant pumping chamber from the combustion chamber, and propellant supply means providing liquid propellant under pressure into said pumping chamber, which propellant under pressure both advances the piston to enlarge the pumping chamber and to decrease the combustion chamber and injects and atomizes a predetermined quantity of propellant through said bores from said pumping chamber into said combustion chamber.


In an era of commodity export–led growth, coffee served as the engine behind the city of São Paulo's phenomenal expansion during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. The city had incredible ethnic, racial, and national diversity for the hemisphere, and São Paulo became an important Transatlantic and Southern Cone immigration node for families. To fully appreciate this diversity, São Paulo's population cannot be reduced into black/white or immigrant/Brazilian binaries. This is not to suggest that discrimination did not exist. On the contrary, the introduction concludes by challenging economic historians to delve more deeply into lived experiences and into understanding the role of persistent prejudice and discrimination in persistent Latin American inequality and underdevelopment. Similarly, it urges cultural and social historians to consider how using New Economic History methodologies to examine working-class lives can provide insight into archival silences and help to recover embedded narratives.


This paper addresses the design of a Generic Controller Card Set (GCCS) which conforms to the Muitibus II protocol. The GCCS is designed in Navy Standard Electronic Module (SEM) format "E" and consists of eight "building block" cards (modules) that can be configured into many controller applications. The eight modules are a central Processing unit (CPU) card, controller card, central services module (CSM), analog to digital (A/D) card, digital to analog (D/A) card, discrete input and output (DI/O) card, random access memory (RAM) card, and erasable programmable read only memory (EPROM) card. Each of the cards within the set contain on-line and off-line built-in-test (BIT) to aid in diagnosing faults within the controller application.


SECTION 1. BASIC FINDINGS AND CONCEPTS IN ACTION-PERCEPTION THEORY SECTION 2. FUNCTIONAL PROPERTIES AND EVOLUTION SECTION 3. DEVELOPMENT SECTION 4. THEORETICAL AND CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS


1. Picrotoxin is very effective in reinstating respiration which has failed under phenobarbital from carotid sinus inactivation and from overdosage with chlorbutanol, paraldehyde or "avertin fluid." It is less effective against overdosage with urethane and useless against overdosage with ethyl alcohol.

2. Strychnine is ineffective under the above conditions, coramine is only slightly better, while metrazol is frequently effective in large dosage but inferior to picrotoxin.

3. In anesthetized animals, picrotoxin usually stimulates respiration in non-convulsive doses, while in normal dogs or decerebrate dogs and cats no stimulation of respiration occurs from injection of picrotoxin unless convulsive doses are given.


The purpose is to know the influence of examples non examples method toward students writing competence. The research method is quantitative by using simple regression as data analyze and testing hypothesis of research. This research conducted at SMAN 1 Kabila, Kabila district, Bone Bolango regency, Gorontalo Province since May until June academic years 2014/2015. The population of this research is all of students at first grade in SMA Negeri 1 Kabila. Therefore, the sample is taken by random sampling. So, obtained 51 students as sample in this research. Technique of collecting data is questionnaire and test. The hypothesis is tasted by data analyze simple regression. The result of this research is taccount = 2,69 > ttable = 1,23, in significance 5%, thus H0 rejected and Ha accepted. It means there is influence of examples non examples method toward students' writing competence in descriptive text. Keywords—examples non examples method, writing competence, descriptive text


Assembly of nano-structures involves manipulation of nanoparticles, nano-rods, nanowires and nanotubes. Modelling the behavior of a nano-rod or a nanotube pushed by an AFM tip is much more complex than that of a nano-particle because in the case of the nano-particle usually only translation occurs while for the nano-rod and nanotube both translational and rotational motion occurs during manipulation. In this paper, the behavior of nano-rods under pushing is theoretically analyzed and the real-time interactive forces are used to update the AFM image. The real-time visual display combined with the real-time force feedback provides an augmented reality environment in which the operator not only can feel the interaction forces but can also observe the real-time changes of the nano-environment. The new developed augmented reality system capable of manipulating not only nanoparticles but also nano-rods makes nano-assembly using AFM based nanomanipulation system feasible and applicable.


A geometric approach is used to obtain an essentially exact solution for the motion of a SDOF elastic‐perfectly plastic oscillator subjected to harmonic excitation. The piecewise linear nature of the restoring force and the periodic nature of the solution are exploited, enabling the problem to be treated in the context of one‐dimensional iterated maps. Response characteristics not presented in earlier works are found, and these characteristics are shown to have a significant influence in the frequency response curves for relatively large amplitude forcing.


Investigations on RF sputtered NiCr thin film resistors, fabricated using Cu as conductor metallization, were made. The contact resistance characteristics, resistor film characteristics and TCR of the resistors were measured. The effect of heat treatment on the resistor characteristics was studied. A suitable annealing cycle for the resistor stabilization was studied. A suitable annealing cycle for the resistor stabilization was obtained. The effect of passivation by a thin quartz film on the resistor properties was also examined. The results are presented and discussed in this paper.


Implicit Religion is encountered in the secular world and it provides human beings with a worldly quest for meaning. As an Implicit Religion, sport embraces rituals and values common to Explicit Religions such as Christianity. Prayer as an important ritual common to both Christianity and the Implicit Religion of sport is explored in this paper. The Lord's Prayer and its use in sport is discussed as it is commonly used by athletes and teams in association with athletic competition. Typically, athletes engage in sport-related prayer to seek secular goals such as performance enhancement and victory. The use of prayer in sport provides testament to the importance of sport as an Implicit Religion. However, rather than glorifying the God of the Bible, it is quite possible that the commonly observed use of prayer in sport mocks Him.


Corruption has continuously challenged social scientists as a phenomenon that seems invincible although it has been proven to plague societies since government, as a social institution, was invented. The task is daunting but also very challenging, indeed, to resist; thus, this study was conducted to confirm what the determinants of political corruption are. Given that myriad studies have been conducted around the world on the issue area, this meta-analysis of at least twenty cross-country and country-specific studies was done. The analysis yielded the following factors as related to political corruption either positively or negatively. The (1) economic determinants were: level of development, economic growth, income, economic freedom, globalization, resources, trade openness and foreign direct investment; (2) political development were: federal form, democracy, press freedom, legal system, political participation, political competition and political stability; (3) social determinants: history, education, ethnicity and religion; and, (4) organizational determinants: democratic institutions, decentralization and government expenditure. Keywords - Political corruption, determinants, meta-analysis Â


Vehicle interior noise measurements, and especially aircraft measurements, present a test environment that is inimical to considered data gathering due to the expense of operating time and the fact that the vehicle characteristics change during the measurement. A method for dealing with this is to construct a measurement procedure that provides for independent evaluation of data quality after the measurement is complete. One such method relies on the use of the relationship between the integral of intensity on a closed surface and the power produced or consumed within. Performing the measurement to permit estimation of this integral and an independent estimate of the power provides the opportunity to check data validity. This paper explores the approach in detail and examines the resulting data for a series of in‐flight measurements. The measurements were performed on the Gulfstream IV aircraft as part of a program to define noise source areas. Value of the technique is explored as a function of several parameters including amount of absorption within the closed surface, reactivity of the measurement volume, and other significant parameters. [Work supported in part by Gulfstream Aerospace Corporation, Savannah, GA.]


Vol. 163 No. 2, October 27, 2003. Pages [397–408][1].

In the original paper, the top two panels of [Fig. 1 A][2] were duplicated. The corrected panels appear below.

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Significance
 The stakes in Poland's presidential election were very high and concerned mostly who should wield the presidency's veto powers. If the opposition had prevailed, it would have presented a potentially huge legislative barrier to the ruling Law and Justice (PiS) and could have triggered a snap parliamentary election.

 Impacts
 Continuing the PiS judicial overhaul will spark further clashes between Warsaw and Brussels and between PiS and the opposition.
 PiS may be expected to overhaul non-state institutions, such as the private media, universities and NGOs.
 PiS dominance, with the Sejm and presidency on its side, will deepen Poland's gradual Orbanisation.


How to dynamically select,bind and invoke Web service that can best meet the requirements of service consumer is an ongoing research topic in Web services community.In this paper,a QoS-Guaranteed and distributed mechanism of Web service discovery is proposed,which supports Web service discovery with QoS constraints and enhances the QoS of service discovery system.First,a novel three-dimensional QoS model of Web service is introduced,and a Web service-selecting algorithm is proposed based on the novel model.Second,the implementation model of UDDI(universal description,discovery,and integration)specification is improved by integrating the service-selecting algorithm based on QoS constraints.Third,an unstructured peer-to-peer network of UDDI with an informed routing protocol based on Bloom Filters is proposed,and an extended Kautz graph is used as the logical topology of this network.The experimental results show that the new mechanism for Web service discovery possesses higher recall rate,query response rate,and better load balance.Furthermore,the results for QoS of the selected Web service can satisfy the requirements of service consumers.


The study aims to identify grammatical equivalence which covers number, gender, person, tense and aspect, and voice, to find out whether the translated sentence can be accepted in Indonesian structure and translation problems in English-Indonesian sentences. The data were taken from the film script "The Secret Garden 56 Minutes" in English and its Indonesian subtitles. This study was conducted based on qualitative research methods with the descriptive analysis. The results of this analysis show that there is grammatical equivalence which is found in the subtitles. They are categorized into number, person, gender, tense and aspect, and voice. The first, the grammatical equivalence in number included the singular or plural nouns in the source language (SL) can be translated into the singular or plural nouns in the target language (TL). Second, with regard to person and gender, source language (SL) personal pronouns can be translated into their respective pairs in the target language (TL), Third, tense and aspects, source language (SL) can be translated lexically or understood from the context. The four, voices the active form in the source language (SL) can be translated into the target language (TL) in an active or passive form, and the passive form is translated into a passive form. In translation, when a message or information is omitted by changing the form of the sentence, it will cause problems as in the film the secret garden 56 minutes.


Cymbula nigra (da Costa L, 1771) is the largest limpet in Europe and it is at present considered an endangered species. Nevertheless, its biology is poorly understood and there is a lack of knowledge about population genetic structure. A total of 61 C. nigra specimens were sampled and studied for a fragment of the mitochondrial gene cytochrome c oxidase subunit I. The low genetic diversity, the absence of geographic structure, the significant values reported by measures to test for a recent population expansion and a star-shaped phylogeny pattern are here interpreted as forming a hypothesis concerning the influence of palaeoclimatic events in the genetic pool of limpets, considering also the information available on different limpet species.


ABSTRACTHot or cold boning and frozen or chilled storage of beef for 1mo had no effect on sensory panel acceptability of soft beefjerky (easier to chew than traditional jerky) processed usinga two step drying method and a frozen cooked free-flowmince (ground beef) made from the beef. For jerky, panelscores for texture and overall acceptability decreased withincreased peak force and softness scores increased withincreased final yield. Sensory panelists disliked the grey-ish-brown color of the cooked free-flow mince. The mostacceptable free-flow mince was produced by cookingAlogs@ to 73°C, then mincing at 2 6°C. The degree of free-flowness and the amount of fines tended to increase withdecreasing mincing temperature.Key Words: soft jerky, free flow mince, boning, sensory INTRODUCTION J ERKY AND TOPPINGS ARE AMONG THE MOST POPULAR ADDED -value meat-based products manufactured from imported New Zealandmanufacturing beef (McBeth and Swan, 1997). Jerky products areconvenient and nutritious and production takes 10-24h in tempera-ture controlled rooms (Chang et al., 1996). The resulting jerky isoften brittle, over-dry, difficult to chew, and may have undesiredcolor. The texture can be altered by increasing the moisture content,as is done for other intermediate moisture meats. Methods of pro-ducing intermediate moisture meats included extrusion and infusionof meat chunks with humectants to lower water activity (Chang etal., 1996). We developed a process for manufacturing soft texturedjerky products from beef, venison and salmon using a 2-step dryingprocess modified from that described in Igene et al. (1990). Process-ing time was about 3h and all products had excellent shelf stability,appearance and texture at ambient (<238C) temperature.A related product of commercial interest is frozen free-flow beefmince. Chilled mince particles tend to stick together, which limitsthe use of mince where flow is required, especially when discreteparticles are needed as in soups, or pizzas, etc. The applicability ofground beef would be broadened if it could be stored and used as afrozen, free-flow, pre-cooked product. Sephton et al. (1994) preparedindividually quick frozen (IQF) beef by dicing the meat into cubesor strips, which were then spread onto wire mesh trays and quickfrozen (2208C). The vacuum-packed IQF meat pieces tended toclump during frozen storage. Other work in our laboratories (unpub-lished data) indicated that the particle size, temperature at time ofsize reduction, packaging, and length of frozen storage all affectedthe quality of raw free-flow mince from beef. Tyring (1987) describeda process for manufacturing an IQF pizza-topping that involved grind-ing frozen beef trimmings, mixing the ground beef with vegetablesand spice blends, followed by cooking. The cooked product was thenspread on perforated trays to be pre-chilled before freezing in a tum-ble freezer.Information about how processing conditions for soft jerky andfree-flow toppings such as cooked mince may affect product charac-teristics is scarce. Our objective was to determine the effects of hot-or cold-boning and meat storage (chilled or frozen) on physical andsensory properties of soft beef jerky and a frozen precooked free-flow minced topping.


Higher education provides an opportunity to break the cycle of social reproduction and a pathway to upward social mobility for first-generation college students. Pierre Bourdieu's theory of social reproduction argues that social classes tend to reproduce themselves not only because of economic inequalities but also because of cultural and social inequalities. This qualitative study examines first-generation students at North Central College as they encounter the social and cultural dynamics of college life. The findings show that although the status of being a firstgeneration college student may make aspects of college difficult, students find a number of ways to compensate for their lack of this cultural capital over their college career and develop alternative strategies that promote their success in their college careers and social mobility more generally.


Abstract The present investigation presents a clear differentiation between the articulated and non-articulated stem of Selaginella, based on morphological and anatomical characteristics. We also take the first step in developing a clear definition of the articulated stem in Selaginella. Further, in Selaginella anaclasta previously described as having articulate stems, we found no micro-morphological or structural evidence of articulations, and we describe this species as one with non-articulated stems. In support of our findings, we present micromorphological and structural descriptions of three species S. anaclasta, S. exaltata, and S. parviarticulata, which differentiate the various stem constructions in Selaginella.


writer argues, from Phaedrus 250 b, d, that for Plato beauty is essentially just the revelation of reality {Prinzip des Offenbarseins uberhaupt): only the Ideas are beautiful in the highest degree because they alone are, so to speak, transparent—self-revealing reality. Appearances, whether ordinary things of this world or artistic representations of such things, share in beauty to various degrees according as they succeed in suggesting, pointing to, or embodying Forms. The Symposium, in Diotima's speech, traces the stages of a journey from the feeblest manifestations of a Form to the pure Form itself. She next analyses the nature of art in its relation both to objective reality and to the soul of the artist or art-lover. In its representative aspect a work of art is beautiful in so far as it reveals reality, in so far as it adequately represents things, people, and events which themselves perspicuously embody Forms. In its expressive aspect a work of art is beautiful when it is the expression of a good soul. It is not the realistic drawing of beds that Plato fundamentally demands of art; it is the expression of insight into the nature of God and of man, into the purpose and principles of life: and all this depends on the Forms.


President Donald Trump created a media storm when he retweeted a video in which Stella Immanuel, a doctor from Houston, Texas, said that hydroxychloroquine was a cure for covid-19 and that masks were unnecessary.

She was with a group called America's Frontline Doctors that included about 10 people who stood in white coats on the steps of the Supreme Court in Washington, DC.

The video was first posted by Breitbart, a right wing website, then retweeted by the president's son Donald Trump Jr and by the president. Twitter, Facebook, and YouTube soon removed it, but not before it had "gone viral" and been widely viewed by some of the president's 84 million followers. Twitter said the video was removed because it was "in violation of our covid-19 misinformation policy."1

In his press briefing on 28 July the president was asked if he regretted retweeting the video. He said, …


In this paper we are going to explain all the payment statuses in a payment work-flow and their exact meaning. All these status flags are important since they make the process flawless, each one have an exact meaning and it is a part of a larger mechanism that is responsible for the payment process. These label (tags) are used as labels and they cannot just change the values of a credit card or make a refund or a resubmission. This can only done by the gateway interface software. This paper is continued from a previous work [4] and examines in depth the status flags used in a payment process so that a payment can be submitted, processed and troubleshot if necessary.


This article proposes a fault ride through (FRT) technique for a high-order virtual synchronous generator (VSG) that adjusts its virtual armature resistance. When a fault is detected by a dedicated algorithm, the proposed control adjusts the resistance parameter accordingly. The main contribution of this article is to adjust the virtual resistance directly in the machine model to limit the current during faults, unlike other techniques proposed in the literature that add another control loop to produce the virtual impedance effects. To validate the effectiveness of the proposed control, a hardware-in-the-loop real-time simulation platform was adopted using a Typhoon HIL 402 device and a Texas Instruments F28379D digital controller. The results demonstrate that the control effectively limits the converter's current while still contributing to raising the system's critical clearing time (CCT) and improving transient stability. The proposed FRT strategy is validated in a three-phase fault scenario in which a 500 kVA–480 V converter's peak fault current is reduced from 5 kA to 1.4 kA, depending on the resistance value adjusted. The transient stability is also analyzed in 30 different scenarios and the VSG support on the CCT is reduced by 23 ms on average. However, when compared to the baseline scenario without the VSG, the system still sees an increase in CCT with the current limiting control applied. Additionally, the control allows the VSG to smoothly transition to island mode in a scenario where the fault is cleared and the grid is disconnected by a protection system.


OBJECTIVES
Verification of the level of social support perception and sense of life in patients with anxiety disorder and healthy people; evaluation of the relationship between these variables.

METHODS
The Social Support Questionnaire short version (F-SozU K-22) by G. Sommer and T. Fydrich and the Life Attitude Profile (LAP-R) by G.T. Reker were used.

RESULTS
Social support and its dimensions prove to be significantly lower in patients with anxiety disorders. Healthy individuals have a higher sense of purpose, greater internal coherence, control of life, personal sense and balance of life attitudes, and lower intensity of existential emptiness. Higher emotional support and older age increase the level of sense of life in people with anxiety disorders.

CONCLUSIONS
For preventive and therapeutic purposes, it is important to develop and sustain the internal resources of the individual (sense of life and age-related experience). In patients with neurotic disorders, it also seems essential to use psychotherapy aimed at changing the patterns of personality that impede them from building social support networks. This is due to the fact that anxiety disorders are often characterized by lower confidence, avoidance of interpersonal relationships, falsified perception of social support, leading thus to distorted interpretation of supportive actions.


Safety-focused risk analysis and assessment approaches struggle to adequately include malicious, deliberate acts against the nuclear power industry's fissile and waste material, infrastructure, and facilities. Further, existing methods do not adequately address non-proliferation issues. Treating safety, security, and safeguards concerns independently is inefficient because, at best, it may not take explicit advantage of measures that provide benefits against multiple risk domains, and, at worst, it may lead to implementations that increase overall risk due to incompatibilities. What is needed is an integrated safety, security and safeguards risk (or "3SR") framework for describing and assessing nuclear power risks that can enable direct trade-offs and interactions in order to inform risk management processes — a potential paradigm shift in risk analysis and management. These proceedings of the Sandia ePRA Workshop (held August 22-23, 2017) are an attempt to begin the discussions and deliberations to extend and augment safety focused risk assessment approaches to include security concerns and begin moving towards a 3S Risk approach. Safeguards concerns were not included in this initial workshop and are left to future efforts. This workshop focused on four themes in order to begin building out a the safety and security portions of the 3S Risk toolkit: This report is organized along the four areas described above, and concludes with a summary of key points.


We study the role of anharmonicity at interfaces with an added intermediate layer designed to facilitate interfacial phonon transport. Our results demonstrate that while in the harmonic limit the bridge may lower the conductance due to fewer available channels, anharmonicity can strongly enhance the thermal conductance of the bridged structure due to added inelastic channels. Moreover, we show that the effect of anharmonicity on the conductance can be tuned by varying temperature or the bridge layer thickness, as both parameters change the total rate of occurrence of phonon-phonon scattering processes. Additionally, we show that the additive rule of thermal resistances(Ohms law) is valid for bridge layer thickness quite shorter than the average bulk MFP, beyond the regime it would be expected to fail.


In this paper, an improved particle swarm optimization (IPSO) method, which is based on standard particle swarm optimization (PSO) and a changing range genetic algorithm (GA), is proposed, and it is applied in the form-finding analysis of a suspension bridge installation. The new method has been integrated into the successive iteration method of the form-finding analysis, and it transfers the usual iterative process of form-finding analysis into a single objective optimization problem. The computation formulation and computer code of the IPSO have been developed and implemented, and benchmark examples are studied to test the performance of the IPSO method through numerical experiments. The results show that IPSO can be used as a viable solution methodology for the form-finding analysis in various initial, boundary, and complicated load conditions to overcome the limitations of the conventional Newton-Raphson (N-R) iterative method. Furthermore, compared with GA, PSO, and GA-PSO, IPSO has greater accuracy and efficiency. Finally, the method is applied in an actual form-finding analysis of a multitower suspension bridge (Yingwuzhou Yangtze River Bridge) to validate the practicality and feasibility of the IPSO-based method in engineering design. The case study indicates that IPSO provides superior convergent solutions for the analysis considered here when compared to the N-R method, and the computation time is affordable for large-scale engineering bridge construction design and analysis.


WEST supported a grassroots initiative to install a fiber-optic network throughout the town of Winona, Minn., linking eight of the town's most prominent social institutions. In May 1995, Luminet, a local ISP, began offering service to residents , businesses, and other organizations. Within a year, about 10% of private citizens had Internet access, 2 and community organizations and businesses have embraced this new Web-based publication and communication medium. 3 In the fall of 1995, an educational initiative called The Virtual School (TVS) debuted, bringing online 210 families from a private high school. 4 TVS will eventually link 500 families whose children attend parochial schools in Winona. One goal of the TVS project is to facilitate communication between parents and school staff. Therefore , parents have a relatively strong motive to participate and overcome the technical hurdles of Internet use. U S WEST Advanced Technologies documented the experiences and attitudes of 50 TVS families (155 individuals) as they came online. We have used a variety of methods for data collection: interviews, participant observation, and online tracking and


The response of Lake Tahoe water to macronutrient supplementation has been assayed with inorganic 14C uptake since the 1960s. On the decadal scale, a change in bioassay response to macronutrient enrichment took place around 1980, with a decrease in the frequency of N stimulation and an increase in the frequency of P stimulation. On the annual scale, an effect of spring mixing depth on the size of the bioassay response could be observed: stronger mixing events resulted in a more positive response. On the seasonal scale, the response magnitude was affected by stratification, but the significance of the response was independent of season. In a subset of the bioassays, in vivo fluorescence and chlorophyll a were measured in addition to inorganic 14C uptake; bioassay results were essentially the same, regardless of which of these three bioassay response indicators was used.


THE atypical mycobacteria are a heterogeneous group of micro-organisms that are frequently associated with disease in man. Since these organisms differ in certain characteristics from Mycobacterium...


A large number of tumors shows a deregulation of the pathway RAS-RAF-MEK-ERK. Most of cases of melanoma are caused by the mutation V600E of BRAF, that leads to the constitutive activation of this kinase and of the MAPK pathway. One of the most important BRAF V600E inhibitor used against melanoma is vemurafenib.Extension study of melanoma patients with BRAF V600E tumors shows that vemurafenib treatment of these metastatic melanomas causes complete or partial tumor regression. However, the majority of patients eventually develops resistance or presents intrinsic resistance against this drug, and the tumor becomes more aggressive.Several mechanisms of resistance to BRAF inhibitors have been described. In most of  these mechanisms the resistance to BRAF inhibitors results from reactivation of  MEK-ERK pathway. Scaffold KSR2 is an important modulator of ERK-MAPK signalling pathway. In this study, we investigated the role of KSR2 in vemurafenib-treated melanoma cells.We found that treatment with the BRAF-selective inhibitor vemurafenib induced the expression of KSR2 in A375 human melanoma cells. Interestingly, the KSR2 overexpression increased the melanoma cells growth after treatment with vemurafenib. These results suggest that scaffold KSR2 could play an important role in the mechanism of resistance of melanoma against BRAF inhibitor vemurafenib.


Restrictions on transportation between countries because of lockdown caused by the prevalence of morbidity COVID-19 have slowed down economic activity worldwide. Therefore, in this paper, we examine and estimate the short-term economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the global market situation in terms of the international tourism industry. The purpose of the study is to analyze the current economic situation of the world tourism sector, which suffered the most because of the COVID-19 pandemic, determine the main tourist flows (inbound and outbound tourism), and identify main tourism trends that characterize travel and tourism in 2020, to form practical directions for improving the tourism industry, domestic tourism in particular. This article analyzes the dynamics of international touristic destinations for the period 2019-2020, with regard to the pre-pandemic period and during the COVID-19 lockdown. Also, the dynamics of destinations of international tourists by different regions and the world in general for different types of travel limitations in 2020 are analyzed. It is detected an enhancement in percentage change of tourism destinations from July 2020 because the world began to open up to international tourism, mainly in the European Union. In this article, it is considered that the implementation of travel restrictions is clearly affected international travel. The dynamic of the international tourists' destinations with a complete/partial closure of borders and other restrictions by region in 2020 during the COVID-19 pandemic are analyzed. The major trends in the tourism sector during the coronavirus crisis are highlighted. The main practical directions for the resuscitation of the tourism industry have been formed, which will have to reduce the negative consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic and created a basis for increasing the competitiveness of domestic tourism. It is determined that support for the development of the tourism industry at the central and local levels should be based on the expected preferences of tourists and the risk of using illegal resorts with the possibility of infection. The article examines the main problems of the tourism sphere of Ukraine, which arise as a result of the introduction of measures to overcome the coronavirus pandemic in the world and in Ukraine in particular. Using the experience of other countries and international recommendations, measures for intersectoral cooperation in the context of increased epidemic risks are proposed. The article reveals the peculiarities of the development of the tourist sphere of Ukraine in the conditions of increased epidemic risks. Modern tendencies of functioning of the tourist sphere of the country are investigated. The tourism sector is suffering on a global scale due to the implementation of measures to overcome the coronavirus pandemic and the uncertainty of further development of the situation. According to various scenarios, in 2020 the volume of international tourist arrivals is expected to fall by 58-78% compared to last year. According to experts, the recovery of demand to the level of 2019 will take at least two years. According to experts, the sphere of tourist services of the coronavirus crisis period will be characterized by giving consumers priority in terms of choice of shorter rest periods, a predominance of individual movement and individual accommodation, choice of health, sea, and rural tourism.


Indian Journal of Sexually Transmitted Diseases and AIDS Volume 42, Issue 1, January-June 2021 85 Figure 1: Multiple chancres involving the coronal sulcus and mucosal aspect of prepuce This is an open access journal, and articles are distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution‐NonCommercial‐ShareAlike 4.0 License, which allows others to remix, tweak, and build upon the work non‐commercially, as long as appropriate credit is given and the new creations are licensed under the identical terms.


Aiming at the issues of the lack of a model system for equipment requirement demonstration,this paper makes a study of basic theories of equipment requirement demonstration modelization,presents the principles,the methods and steps,and summarizes the trends.It analyzes systematically the key works and key techniques of equipment requirement demonstration modelization,and demonstrates a mathematical model of equipment requirement fulfillment by the application example.The paper is aimed to provide theoretical guidance for the equipment requirement demonstration modelization,improving the theory system of equipment requirement demonstration engineering.


The ~2(AI) and Vs(E) fundamental vibration-rotation bands of 12CH3F have been recorded under high resolution (O.015 to 0.020 cm -I) in the spectral range of 1460 cm -~. About IiO0 transitions have been assigned. The Coriolis interaction between v2=l and vs=l, and the %(2,-i) interaction in vs=l have been rigorously treated. Sixteen molecular constants have been determined from a least squar~analysis. They reproduce the observed data with an overall standard deviation of 0.0037 cm -I


Bailey lists several gardening "ideals" related to annuals, "the flowers of a season," from the botanical ideal of growing a specific variety of species to the more utilitarian ideal of growing annuals specifically for gathering or picking. He also lists annuals according to specific "mass-displays," whether for colour, height, robustness, or peculiarity.


y = 80 – 6x. If x=10, what is y? Problem-solving interviews of high school Algebra I students from a diverse urban district in Texas were conducted; the school had a student population with 50% economically disadvantaged and had been named "Academically Unacceptable" in mathematics. Of the 24 students in the study, 13 (54%) were Hispanic, 8 (33%) were White, and 3 (13%) were African-American. Each student participated in a 15-minute entrance interview where they were asked how they use math in their everyday lives. A set of 5 algebra problems on linear functions was then written; two of the problems in the set were personalized according to how the student described using numbers in their everyday life, while the other problems were of varied types (see Table 1). In the first two parts of each problem, the student was asked to solve for y given a specific x-value – "result unknowns." The student was then asked to write an algebra rule representing the story, and finally was asked to solve for x given a specific y-value, a "start unknown." Students solved their problems in an interview lasting 30 minutes to 1 hour. Interviews were transcribed in the NVivo software, and blocked such that one block of the transcript corresponded to a student working one problem part or answering an interviewer question. Blocks were coded with categories relating to whether students obtained intended or unintended answers, what strategies were used and what mistakes were made, evidence that real-world knowledge was activated, issues with verbal interpretation of stories, students" use of non-coordinative methods that included a clear bypass of forming a situation model, and the creation of symbolic equations disconnected from how the student solved other parts of the problem. Cohen"s kappas (Landis & Koch, 1977) above 0.79 were obtained (substantial/almost perfect agreement). Table 1. Types of problems given to students (shows result unknowns only) In the symbol precedence view, algebraic symbolism is presented first during instruction, and story problems are then used as a way to apply these formalisms. In the verbal precedence view, verbal skills develop before symbol skills, and thus story problems are presented before symbolic equations (Nathan & Petrosino, 2003). From a symbol precedence perspective, the purpose of story problems is to solve the "transfer problem"; by giving students contextualized problems, they will be prepared to face the demands of using math in the real world. From a verbal precedence perspective, context may provide accessibility or scaffolding for students. Studies have shown that while many teachers and textbooks subscribe to symbol precedence views, students" performance better corresponds to a verbal precedence model (Koedinger & Nathan, 2004; Nathan & Koedinger, 2000a; 2000b; Nathan, Long, & Alibali, 2002; Nathan & Petrosino, 2003). However, research on situated cognition (e.g. Greeno, 2006) and arithmetic story problems (Greer, 1997; Inoue, 2005; Kazemi, 2002; Palm, 2008; Saxe, 1988; Taylor, 2005) has called into question whether the common justifications behind either of these two models are complete given the situated nature of problem solving, and the complex, social systems that students participate in as they learn mathematics in school. In Nathan, Kintsch, & Young"s (1992) model of algebra story problem comprehension, students must coordinate three levels of representation when solving story problems: (1) the textbase, a propositional representation of the information in the problem, (2) the situation model, a mental representation of the relationships, actions, and events in the problem, and (3) the problem model, a mental representation of formal algebraic structure of the problem, involving variables and equations. We use this model to frame our study. Problem Type % Correct


composition of inputs (including environmental resources) and outputs (including waste products). This content is determined by, among other things, the economic institutions within which human activities are conducted. These institutions need to be designed so that they provide the right incentives for protecting the resilience of ecological systems. Such measures will not only promote greater efficiency in die allocation of environmental resources at all income levels, but they would also assure a sustainable scale of economic activity within the ecological life-support system. Protecting the capacity of ecological systems to sustain welfare is of as much importance to poor countries as it is to those that are rich.


Abstract : An experimental investigation has been made of secondary flow in a 90 degree corner. The tests were run in a water tunnel at low speed (approximately 0.3 ft. per sec.) with emphasis on an attempt to visualize the embedded vortices in the laminar flow. The Reynolds number range was 11,000 to 52,500 per foot; the corner model was 9.75 in. wide by 48 in. long. The model was aligned in the tunnel so that no streamwise pressure gradient was present. Flow visualization was by means of hydrogen bubbles and dye. None of the streak-line examined with either the bubbles or the dye showed any indication of the presence of secondary motion in the first 18 inches of the corner. This is not believed to be conclusive since the vortices may exist at other distances along the corner (the limit here was imposed by the flow visualization apparatus used) or may be poorly developed in the initial length examined. (Author)


—The last two decades have seen major innovations in the Internet and transformation of the way people do business, communicate and live. Concomitant with the Internet bringing the advantages of new services, is a growing awareness of threats to Privacy that the Internet can enable. When considered in this context, the Cloud Computing paradigm requires users forgive disturbing levels of trust by users in the servers that hold their information. There is a pressing need for innovative architectures to allow the user to rely on the server with little or no need for trust in the service provider. In this work, we give an introduction of privacy issues in Cloud Computing and discuss the state of art in the privacy enhancing technologies that can be used for Cloud Computing. We focus on webmail services and propose a privacy preserving architecture in which users can retain their mail in the servers of their service providers in a cloud without compromising functionality or privacy. We benchmark our system and present the results showing that it is feasible to architect a privacy preserving solution for webmail systems.


This paper describes the experimental layout under development to test a helicon plasma thruster for a small satellite. The thruster class is 50 W 1mN. This work is done within the research project Helicon Plasma Hydrazine Combined Micro (HPH.com) in the frame of the 7th Framework Programme of the EU by a European consortium. Experimental tests are foreseen to validate codes, to support thruster design and to verify thruster performances. Two different test beds will be designed, an engineering model and a 1 CISAS "G. Colombo", Center for Studies and Activities for Space, Padova, Italy, firstname.lastname@example.com 2 Tech-X Corporation, Boulder, Colorado 80303, USA. 3 Ente per le Nuove Tecnologie, l'Energia e l'Ambiente (ENEA) Italy 4 Office national d'etudes et de recherches aerospatiales (ONERA) France. 5 Rovsing Denmark.. 6 Bradford Engineering B.V.The Netherlands. 7 Ricerche Elettroniche Selmo Ingegner Antonio , Italy. 8 National Aerospace University Kharkiv Aviation Institute (KHAI) Ukraine, 9 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique – Laboratoire de Physique des Gaz et Plasmas.


Objective—Elevated levels of advanced oxidation protein products have been described in several chronic inflammatory diseases, like chronic renal insufficiency, rheumatoid arthritis, and atherosclerosis. Recent findings revealed that advanced oxidation protein products are inhibitors of the major high–density lipoprotein receptor, scavenger receptor class B, type 1 (SR-BI). Here, we investigated which oxidation-induced structural alterations convert plasma albumin into a high-density lipoprotein–receptor inhibitor. Approach and Results—Exposure of albumin to the physiological oxidant, hypochlorous acid, generated high-affinity SR-BI ligands. Protection of albumin–lysine residues before exposure to hypochlorous acid as well as regeneration of N-chloramines after oxidation of albumin completely prevented binding of oxidized albumin to SR-BI, indicating that modification of albumin–lysine residues is required to generate SR-BI ligands. Of particular interest, N-chloramines within oxidized albumin promoted irreversible binding to SR-BI, resulting in permanent receptor blockade. We observed that the SR-BI inhibitory activity of albumin isolated from chronic kidney disease patients correlated with the content of the myeloperoxidase-specific oxidation product 3-chlorotyrosine and was associated with alterations in the composition of high-density lipoprotein. Conclusions—Given that several potential atheroprotective activities of high-density lipoprotein are mediated by SR-BI, the present results raise the possibility that oxidized plasma albumin, through permanent SR-BI blockade, contributes to the pathophysiology of cardiovascular disease.


Oral fluids are a mixture of saliva and oral mucosal transudates (OMT). Saliva is a product of the salivary glands and contains mostly IgA, while OMT is mostly fluid in the subgingival space derived from the passive transport of plasma and contains mostly IgG. The IgG concentration, however, is much lower than that in serum. Testing for antibodies to HIV in oral fluids has been proposed as an alternative to antibody testing in blood. The fluids may be collected directly by dribbling into a receptacle and via absorption onto pads using specially designed collection devices. Only one commercially available HIV antibody test is, however, specifically designed for use with oral fluid samples. Some existing commercial tests designed to detect antibody to HIV in blood samples have been modified for use with oral fluids, but only limited information is available on their performance. Several studies suggest that using tests to detect HIV antibodies in oral fluids may be adequate for some situations, but a number of issues remain to be addressed. WHO therefore recommends that a full evaluation of the detection of HIV antibody in oral fluids be undertaken to address the issues before recommendations on HIV antibody testing using oral fluids are made. Such evaluation would gather information on the accuracy and cost-effectiveness of testing oral fluids. Ethical considerations when performing HIV testing using oral fluids would be the same as those for blood: non-coercion, informed consent, counseling, and confidentiality.


High quality epitaxial thin films of cubic UC2 were synthesized using a solution based technique. The films were characterized using XRD, UPS, Raman, and resistivity. The substrate lattice is yttrium stabilized zirconia and serves to stabilize the high temperature cubic phaseof UC2 (>1765 °C) at room temperature. The resistivity and UPS data indicate that UC2 has relatively low electrical conductivity consistent with HSE hybrid DFT calculations showing a narrow band gap. In situ XRD measurements show that the UC2 films oxidize to U3O8 above 200 °C.


This is a book chapter from the NASA book Cosmos and Culture: Cultural Evolution in a Cosmic Context.

The full book is available from http://www.nasa.gov/connect/ebooks/hist_culture_cosmos_detail.html


I semiconductor structures continuously shrink in size and grow in complexity, driven by the incessant digitization of our everyday lives. Likewise, the corresponding industrial manufacturing tools and processes keep pushing technological limits to achieve this feat, for example with the upcoming adoption of extreme ultraviolet lithography, which facilitates semiconductor technology node sizes below 10 nm. Thus, nanometer-precision mechatronic positioning systems are essential tools for this industry. They are used for various applications, such as the positioning and moving of semiconductor wafers in lithography, inspection, or other manufacturing processes. Different electromagnetic actuators, like permanent magnet linear motors or magnetically levitating bearings, are employed. The forceand torqueproducing electric currents of these actuators must be free of noise and other unwanted signal components to prevent the generation of undesired forces that otherwise lead to positioning errors. Thus, shrinking semiconductor features and more complex manufacturing processes demand an increasing accuracy and precision of the positioning actuators and their corresponding driving currents. Similarly, the demand for a high manufacturing throughput increases the required actuator output powers. Traditionally, the desired low-noise and low-distortion actuator currents are provided by linear amplifiers due to their inherently low output noise. However, the achievable power conversion efficiencies are limited and high output powers cannot be generated in the vicinity of precision motion systems due to thermal constraints. Hybrid amplifiers, which combine a linear amplifier with a switch-mode power electronic converter, strive to alleviate these restrictions. Nonetheless, such systems are more complex and require careful tuning to achieve the desired load current quality. This thesis investigates output noise and distortion of high-power, digitally controlled switch-mode (Class-D) amplifiers for precision positioning and motion applications. Such power converters feature simple and scalable topologies, which reduces development time and cost. The resulting implications on important sources of noise and distortion within such systems are carefully and comprehensively analyzed. Amplifier constituents that critically affect noise and distortion are identified and optimized. Extensive measurements on smalland full-scale hardware prototypes verify the findings. In a first step, suitable and modern wide-bandgap power electronic switching devices and converter topologies are analyzed, using detailed computer circuit simulations that model both the electrical and thermal power transistor


In order to improve multi-party social interaction with artificial companions such as robots or virtual agents, real-time Emotion Recognition in Conversation (ERC) is required. In this context, ERC is a challenging task which involves multiple challenges, such as processing multimodal data over time, taking into account the multi-party context with any number of participants, understanding implied relevant commonsense knowledge during interaction and taking into account each participant's emotional attitude. To deal with the aforementioned challenges, we design a multimodal off-the-shelf model that meets the requirements of real-life scenarios, specifically dyadic and multi-party interactions. We propose a Knowledge Aware Multi-Headed Network that integrates various sources including the dialog history and commonsense knowledge about the speaker and other participants. The weights of these pieces of information are modulated using a multi-head attention mechanism. The proposed model is learnt in a Multi-Task Learning framework which combines the ERC task with a Dialogue Act (DA) recognition task and an Emotion Shift (ES) detection task through a joint learning strategy. Our proposition obtains competitive and stable results on several benchmark datasets that vary in number of participants and length of conversations, and outperforms the state-of-the-art on one of these datasets. The importance of DA and ES prediction in determining the speaker's current emotional state is investigated.


We present a method of direct estimation of important properties of a shared bipartite quantum state, within the "distant laboratories" paradigm, using only local operations and classical communication. We apply this procedure to spectrum estimation of shared states, and locally implementable structural physical approximations to incompletely positive maps. This procedure can also be applied to the estimation of channel capacity and measures of entanglement.


Transcription is fundamental process for withdrawing genetic information stored in the genome. In eukarya, multi-subunit complexes, known as RNA polymerase II, general transcription initiation factors – i.e. TFIIA, TFIIB, TBP/TFIID, TFIIE, TFIIF, TFIIH – , mediator, and chromatin factors, carry out this reaction. To elucidate the detailed mechanisms of the reaction, their tertiary structural information is indispensable. So far, we determined crystal structures of subunit/domain of TFIID [1,2] and examined molecular evolution of TBP and TFIIB [3,4]. We have also performed large-scale purification of eukaryotic transcription-related complexes for structural analysis [5]. Preliminary cryo-EM analysis showed that these complexes seemed to be disrupted due to the harsh condition during cryo-grid preparation. Further optimization for cryo-grid preparation is required. March 2018, our institute, KEK, obtained 200kV cryo-EM (Talos Arctica with Falcon3EC) and prepared pipeline for solving high resolution structures of protein complexes. From October 2018, the cryo-EM facility in KEK is open to academic and industrial users for scientific research. Our mission is twofold: to provide cryo-EM machine time for external users, and to assist users in acquiring cryo-EM skills. Until now, we have provided machine time for 36 academic and 15 industrial users. We also have held an initial training for cryo-grid preparation and EPU operation 12 times and a RELION workshop for beginners 3 times. In the last two years, our facility obtained 25 cryo-EM maps whose resolution is higher than 5 Angstroem. Here we show two representative results: single particle analyses of 110kDa enzyme at 2.85 angstrom resolution and 860kDa enzymes at 2.24 angstrom resolution. These results suggest that we established a proper protocol for cryo-grid preparation, cryo-EM data collection, and single particle analysis. We would like to keep supporting external users and carry out cryo-EM analysis of transcription-related complexes.


The rise of cloud computing led to the need for highly flexible and dynamic infrastructures, which are able to handle a variety of different applications, the accruing big data and the requests of various customers simultaneously. By the use of virtualization modern datacenters provide an environment for cloud computing infrastructures. In these environments hundreds of thousands of physical servers host hundreds of thousands of virtual machines. This huge number of involved systems as well as additional virtual layer inside these environments impede lawful interceptions and network forensic investigations, which are performed to wiretap a suspicious system. Without any constraints, all phases of a network forensic investigation are faced with arising challenges like access and packet capture of virtual network interface cards, record the captured packets on hardware devices or the subsequent analysis of encapsulated network packets. Due to the huge number of relevant systems, the investigation gets inflexible and slow, which prevents a valid and usable wiretapping of a suspicious system. In this paper we propose an improvement of the packet capture process, which in turn enhances the recording and the subsequent analysis of the lawful interception. By reducing the number of relevant physical servers the number of involved hosting servers is decreased. In combination with further information of the virtual environment an enhanced process is possible, which ensures a valid lawful interception of the relevant network traffic.


These days, the majority of devices are connected to the Internet of Things. One of the areas that need further research is the smart thermostats' operation. In this article, we perform an analysis of efficient household heating and air conditioning with smart thermostats. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first article that correlates real data from the smart thermostats and weather to predict heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) operation. The main problem that we focus on is the study of overheated and overcooled homes. Our results show that adaptive strategies that learn the weather impact on the house enabled three times reduction of heating time and four times reduction of air conditioning, with the most significant improvement during sunny days.


The influence of laser plasma soft X-ray (LPX) irradiation on crystallization of a-Si film by infrared (IR) furnace annealing is investigated. The crystallization temperature by LPX irradiation followed by IR annealing is lowered down to 420°C and the grain size increases up to 270 nm. This phenomenon is related with the change in characteristics of a-Si film which is generated by the bond distortion and relaxation during the LPX irradiation. It was found that the LPX-irradiated film is constituted by the two different layers and the refractive index of upper layer was lower than that of under layer. The dangling bond density of a-Si film was also decreased by LPX irradiation to a-Si film. From these results, the crystallization mechanism is discussed.


The starting point to determine optimal well design and operation should be that which maximizes net present worth. Optimal design is important because it maximizes the potential of the well; however, optimal operation of the well is also important and is the subject of this paper. Recent publications and ``rules of thumb'' still suggest operating wells based on noneconomic criteria. The purpose of this paper is to examine one of the more popular ``rules of thumb'' and show why following it can produce water at nonoptimal costs.


Development of antibody production technologies is necessary for diagnostic treatments and drug discovery. In general, mammals are used as host animals to produce antigen-specific antibody. However, such host animals have never produced several specific antibodies because host animals may not recognize foreign proteins. To overcome this problem, we used teleost to produce antibodies because teleost are evolutionally localized in the origin of vertebrates and have an acquired immune system in addition to the innate immune system. In particular, we attempt to produce antibody using "Bubble Eye" as a kind of goldfish (Carassius auratus), which has sacs filled with lymph liquid, as an immune animal. In this study, a recombinant EGFP-His was expressed in E. coli and then injected into Bubble Eye's sac in every two weeks. The antibodies were collected from sac instead of blood. Furthermore, a sandwich dot blotting was developed for detection of antibodies against EGFP-His. The antigen-specific antibodies were detected after 42 days from first immunization.


Objectives: The objective of the present study was to analyze the body composition and physical fitness of 10- to 11-year-old football players, analyzing the differences in physical fitness according to Body Mass Index (BMI) and percentage of fat mass (% FM), as well as the correlations between body composition and physical fitness.
Methods: Twenty-eight male 10- to 11-year-old football players participated in the study, with an age range of 10 to 11 years (average age 10.39 years ± 0.49). The players performed the tests in abnormal training day. The variables assessed were: Body composition (Tanita BC 418-MA), blood pressure and heart rate (Visomat Comfort 20/40 arm blood pressure monitor), jump test (Abalakov jump on Optojump platform) and aerobic capacity test (Course Navette Test 20m, CN). The software used to perform the statistical analysis was SPSS Statistics 23.0.
Findings: The analyses showed significant differences in maximal oxygen consumption (VO₂max), BMI and % FM when comparing by age. With regard to BMI, significant differences were found in diastolic and systolic blodd pressure at rest (DBP and SBP), and, according to % FM, in rest DBP. The significant correlations between physical fitness and body composition according to BMI were negative in the variables of CN stage, CN distance, CN FSR (final speed reached), VO₂max, and was positive in SBP and DBP. According to % FM, the significant correlations were negative in CN stage, CN distance, CN FSR, VO₂max., and Abalakov jump (ABKJ), and they were positive in SBP and DBP.
Conclusions: It is recommended to carry out intervention programs with the aim of improving the body composition of football players at school age, because this will have positive effects on their aerobic capacity, jumping and blood pressure.


A technique for the preparation of undecalcified sections of temporal bone gives sections 15 μ to 25 μ in thickness, which are of satisfactory quality. It allows the study of ear abnormalities associated with bone disease and permits the application of skeletal bone research techniques to the temporal bone, facilitating the investigation of the dynamic activity of its bony elements.


At present, the smart target game equipment is developing rapidly. Based on the current market conditions and future development trends, the visual mobile robot is combined with target shooting in this paper. This design adopts the technology of combining computer vision and ROS robot operating system to develop an intelligent target robot with autonomous avoidance function, and the robot is compatible with traditional fixed target shooting, which improves the entertainment of the game. The mode of the robot is selected by remote control of the mobile phone APP. This article first analyzes the functional requirements and performance indicators of the intelligent target robot system, and determines the overall design ideas. Then this article designs the detection algorithm of the robot in autonomous avoidance mode, and computer vision is used to detect the thrower's throwing posture. Combined with ROS, the robot can predict the trajectory of the ball. Refer to the profit matrix of the game theory and improve the profit matrix to realize the robot's avoidance strategy. Finally, the SYN6288 voice module broadcasts the target score and transmit the score to the mobile APP for display.


This paper introduces a numerical approach for the analysis of extreme events of wave interaction with coastal and ma- rine structures. The method is exemplified by investigating oblique wave interactions with a rubble mound breakwater structure. The use of numerical models for analysis of wave-structure interaction is seen more often. For many appli- cations a two-dimensional approximation is valid, however, for investigating complex structural details or e.g. oblique wave interaction with coastal structures, a three-dimensional simulation is required. One challenge for a practical use of three-dimensional simulations is the computational cost. For extreme event analysis it is necessary to determine the characteristics of the extreme events which will occur during an irregular sea state of a given duration. Therefore the complete irregular sea state must be simulated. A three-dimensional simulation of a full irregular sea state with duration of e.g. 3 hours will be a large computational burden. The present work proposes a methodology where the analysis is performed in two steps. 1) A two-dimensional simulation of a full 3 hour irregular sea state is performed including the breakwater structure. The extreme events are observed in terms of loads on the super-structure. 2) The extreme events are reproduced in a three-dimensional model as oblique waves by short realizations. The method was validated by comparing the surface elevation and sea-wall forces from a full irregular sea state to the short reproduction sequences. Good agreement was found for both surface elevation and horizontal sea-wall forces. The short reproduc- tion of extreme events was applied in a three-dimensional setup for investigating the effect of oblique waves. For an incident wave angle of 30◦ a reduction of the peak impact load of 25 − 50 % was found for the tested extreme events.


Gunshot injuries are extremely dangerous due to the extremely unpredictable compliance of ammunition after contact with the body. One of the key elements that takes place in this case is the formation due to high kinetic energy of a temporary cavity, which, despite its existence for a fraction of a second, causes severe damage to the tissues of the human body. The study of this phenomenon is one of the central elements of ballistics and requires an experiment on optically transparent media. The purpose of the study is to compare the parameters of the temporal cavity when fired from the "FORT 12R" and "AE 790G1" pistols into a non-biological simulator of the human body. To achieve the goal, 120 gelatin blocks were produced according to the generally accepted method, which were to be shot at close range, 25 and 50 cm. The blocks were left bare before shooting, or covered with cotton fabric, denim fabric or leatherette. After firing, transverse sections of the blocks were made in order to further measure the parameters of the temporary cavity formed as a result of the firing, according to generally accepted methods. The results of the analysis of the received data regarding the indicators characterizing the dimensions of the temporary cavity at different depths of the wound channel revealed a number of significant differences (p<0.05-0.01) between the studied pistols (in almost all cases, "AE 790G1" had larger values), groups of blocks covered with different types of fabrics, bare blocks (in almost all cases, the clothing had protective properties and reduced the size of the temporary cavity) and allowed to establish that during shots from the "FORT 12R" there was a sharp increase in the size of the temporary cavity with its sharp decrease at the end of the wound channel, while with shots from the "AE 790G1" the temporary cavity gradually increases, reaching a maximum at half the depth and then just as gradually decreases. Thus, when comparing the "FORT 12R" and "AE 790G1" pistols, differences in the features of the formation of the temporary cavity were revealed, which in turn is of interest not only for forensics, ballistics and forensic medicine, but also for clinical medicine.


In this paper we propose a low cost implementable nonlinear controller for high performance speed regulation control of the SRM for direct-drive servo applications. We then present design of a feedback linearization controller for the SRM. Instead of decoupled control as proposed by previous researchers, we propose to use only one voltage regulator to feed all the four phases of the motor. This will result in an affordable drive system. Hardware implementation of the nonlinear controller has been achieved using Texas Instrument's TMS320C50 Digital Signal Processor. Experimental results obtained are also presented.


...............................................................................................3 List of Figures.........................................................................................4 List of Tables.........................................................................................5 Chapter 1: Introduction 1.1 Background..............................................................................8 1.2 Purpose of study........................................................................10 1.3 Statement of problem..................................................................11 Chapter 2: Literature Review 2.1 Volatility between Future Market and Stock Market............................12 2.2 Financial Crisis on the Stock Market...............................................13 2.3 Gold and the financial crisis.........................................................14 2.4 Price Discovery Theory...............................................................15 Chapter 3: Data and Methodology 3.1 Empirical Data.........................................................................17 3.2 Gold Futures Prices and Gold Stock Prices....................................................17


Use of data in various areas and their electronic availability has put importance of data quality to higher level. In general data quality has syntactic and semantic component. The syntactic component is relatively easy to achieve if supported by tools, while semantic component requires more research. In many cases such data come from different sources, which are distributed across enterprise and are at different quality levels. Special attention needs to be paid to data upon which critical decisions are met in/for intelligent systems. In the present paper we will focus on the semantic component of data quality in the selected domain and data policy for increasing the quality of data used and/or acquired in intelligent systems.


Objective:To investigate the characteristics of clinical and mammographic findings of breast phyllodes tumors.Methods: The data of 5 involved cases confirmed both postoperatively and pathologically were analyzed retrospectively.Results: The five patients were all females aged between 30 and 50 with an average of 40.3 years old.Each patient visited the doctor because of unexpected detection of indolent mass in breast and the symptom progressed from 1 month to 10 years.Rapid growth of the mass was seen currently in 3 cases.On the physical examination,the lesions were firm but mobile,with smooth surface,no tenderness and sharply defined outline.The mammographic findings suggested that the four masses were sit mostly on the upper outer quadrant in anatomic structure(66.7%), sized in diameter between 2.0 and 4.5 cm with an average of 3.6 cm.All lumps were high density or equal density,shaped lobulately(n=3) or ovally(n=1). Only one case demonstrated local high density but with no shadow zone.The mass in four cases were well-defined,in which three showed a clear partial halo.Conclusion: In older female cases,provided that the mass in breast grow rapidly in short period,even though the mass is painless with mammographic findings of seemingly benign,it may be considered as phyllodes tumor,especially that of lobulately shaped.


Hydroxyapatite is a calcium phosphate ceramic that is used as a biomaterial. It has been studied extensively as a candidate biomaterial for prosthetic applications. Hydroxyapatite (HA) does not have the mechanical strength to enable it to succeed in long term load bearing applications. Therefore, Its mechanical properties may be improved with addition of zirconia powders. The aim of this study is to improve the mechanical properties of the hydroxyapatite by producing composite material including zirconia and silica powders. Therefore, hydroxyapatite was mixed with 5 wt% zirconia, 5 wt% silica powders and then this pressed mixture were sintered at different temperatures (1100-1300°C). The sintering behavior, microstructural characteristics and mechanical properties were investigated.


As possible substrates for one-photon infrared-pumped reaction (IRPR), the structures and decomposition paths of complexes between AlH4- and three proton donors, H2O, HF, and HCl, have been studied by ab initio methods. In each case only one transition state was found for the proton-transfer and H2-loss process. For each cluster, the geometry and energy characteristics of reactants, complex, transition state, and products were analyzed with [AlH4···HCl]- emerging as the best IRPR candidate. The MP2//6-311++G**-calculated intrinsic reaction coordinate (IRC) confirmed the one-step proton transfer and H2 loss with no intermediate. Classical trajectories were calculated on the ab initio potential-energy surface, beginning from a large number of initial conditions. With zero-point vibrational energies (ZPVE = 1/2hνi) assigned to all normal modes, based on their calculated harmonic frequencies, νi, one or more additional excitation quanta were added to modes associated with Cl−H and Al−H stretching. Proton tran...


In the Mega Ampère Spherical Tokamak (MAST) plasmas have been generated with internal (ITB) or edge (ETB) transport barriers. ITBs were achieved in both the electron and the ion energy channel. In the presence of an ITB in the ion energy channel, transport analysis shows that the ion thermal diffusivity, χi, is reduced to almost neoclassical values while the ITB persists. The widely tested criteria for ITB formation (ρs: Larmor radius at sound speed) obtained from dimensional analysis of JET discharges is easily exceeded on MAST. Even without the evidence of an ITB often applies, showing that this criterion in its current form is not generally applicable. ETBs are most easily formed in MAST if in a double null divertor configuration the discharge is vertically balanced, so that both X-points are almost on the same flux surface (CDND), and if the plasma is refuelled from the high field side mid-plane. The H-mode threshold power, Pthr = 0.5 MW, in connected double null diverted (CDND) is only about half of that in a similar disconnected discharge with the ion ∇ B drift towards the X-point on the last closed flux surface (LDND). Pthr scales between lower double null diverted (LDND) and the single null diverted configuration with the plasma surface area on MAST.


It describes a polymer composition comprising a biocompatible polymer and a non-physiological pH, which comprises a biodegradable binding to the visualization solution. Here, the biocompatible polymer is in a non-physiological pH solutions of dissolved but does not dissolve in physiological pH. Method for forming the solution and the polymer, and are disclosed for therapeutic use. .The


The success of an organization depends on its ability to cooperate internally and externally in its business processes. Cooperation processes, both within and between organizations, are thus of key importance to an organization. However, cross-functional cooperation in particular often suffers from problems such as communication gaps, conflicting goals and priorities, misunderstandings, and lack of long-term knowledge management. The capturing and evaluation of cooperation processes often focuses on an activity-oriented perspective of the process, leading to a bird's eye view of the intended process, while neglecting the real process and its problem areas. In this thesis, the C O-MAP methodology for modeling and analyzing real cooperation processes is introduced. C O-MAP focuses on the process stakeholders and the impact of the cooperation processes on their work. To do so, C O-MAP provides a method for capturing the process stakeholders' perspectives of the cooperation process in an informal process diagram. These informal process diagrams are then mapped into four different formal models, representing the strategic, activity-oriented, service-oriented, and information flow-oriented perspective of the process, respectively. The integration of these four perspectives provides a holistic representation of the process. Furthermore, CO-MAP provides means for the analysis of the formal models with respect to quality criteria and integrity constraints for cooperation processes that are also presented in this thesis. CO-MAP has been validated in five industrial case studies at four different small and mediumsized enterprises. In addition, C O-MAP has been employed to capture the cooperation and communication structures in a large cultural sciences research project, to demonstrate C OMAP's transferability to different contexts.


Hybrid RANS/LES methods were successfully applied to assess fully-turbulent external flows. The results provided by hybrid RANS/LES have generally shown excellent solutions for unsteady wake flows, but not for transitional flows because hybrid RANS/LES is fundamentally based on a fully turbulent assumption. The new blended model that combines the DDES-SST and γ-Reθ transition models is hereby proposed to simulate both the unsteady wake and the laminar/turbulent transition inside of the boundary layer. The numerical results provided by the simulation are compared to experimental data obtained from an Eppler 387 airfoil. The results indicate that the hybrid RANS/LES-Transition model predicts both strong laminar/turbulent transition phenomena including the laminar separation bubble at low angle of attack and flow separation at high angles of attack.


Two studies were conducted to evaluate the effects of (I) high-protein (38%) finisher feed fed to satiation for 30,45,60, or 90 days prior to harvest and (2) dietary protein (32 vs. 38%) and feeding regimen (satiation or restricted) on growth and fattiness of channel catfish. Each study was conducted for two years in earthen ponds stocked with channel catfish at a rate of 13,590 fish/ha (35 to 40 g initial weight) for year 1 and 6,800 fish/ha (0.45 to 0.6 kg initial weight) for year 2. Years refer to year of experiment and not fish age class. There were no significant differences in total yield, dressed yield, or muscle fat, regardless of diet or feeding regimen within year. Year-one fish (study 2) fed to satiation tended to gain more weight and appeared to convert feed better than fish fed at a restricted rate. In study 2 there were significant interactions between year and feed, and between year and feeding regimen. Percentage visceral fat was reduced by feeding a high-protein feed during year 1 (study ...


Power transformers are considered capital investments in the infrastructure of every power system in the world. They are the heart of electric power distribution and transmission systems, and it is essential that they function properly. It is knowing that insulating fluid is highly used in a composite or impregnated dielectric system with reference to both dielectric strength and ease of contamination, many investigators have devoted great efforts to investigate fluids behaviours under operating conditions. The objective of this study is to examine the gassing tendency under electrical discharge of aged and unaged mineral oil, and analyze the parameters in degradation, with the aim to see the most significant parameters which can really presents the degradation severity. In this regard, various scenarios were considered. The study was carried on new and aged oil submitted electrical field. The 6802, 6181 and 924 tests are used in measure of parameters in degradation. In this work, the water contents, Interfacial tension, and gas pressure generated, are considered as a parameter significant of degradation process. These parameters were used as inputs in approach model for prediction the transformer age (life), the result show that the water can be used for detection of early stage of degradation. Keywordsmineral oil, Thermal ageing, electrical discharge, water contents, loss factor interfacial tension, gassing tendency, stepwise regression.


Background There are limited tools available to predict the long-term prognosis of persons with coronary chronic total occlusions (CTO). Objectives We evaluated performance of a blood biomarker panel to predict cardiovascular (CV) events in patients with CTO. Methods: From 1251 patients in the CASABLANCA study, 241 participants with a CTO were followed for an average of 4 years for occurrence of major adverse CV events (MACE, CV death, non-fatal myocardial infarction or stroke) and CV death/heart failure (HF) hospitalization. Results of a biomarker panel (kidney injury molecule-1, N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide, osteopontin, and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1) from baseline samples were expressed as low-, moderate-, and high-risk. Results: By 4 years, a total of 67 (27.8%) MACE events and 56 (23.2%) CV death/HF hospitalization events occurred. The C-statistic of the panel for MACE through 4 years was 0.79. Considering patients in the low-risk group as a reference, the hazard ratio of MACE by 4 years was 6.65 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.98-14.8) and 12.4 (95% CI:5.17-29.6) for the moderate and high-risk groups (both P <0.001). The C-statistic for CVD/HF hospitalization by 4 years was 0.84. Compared to the low-risk score group, the moderate and high-risk groups had hazard ratios of 5.61 (95% CI: 2.33-13.5) and 15.6 (95% CI: 6.18, 39.2; both P value <0.001). Conclusion: A multiple biomarker panel assists in evaluating the risk of adverse outcomes in patients with coronary CTO. These results may have implications for patient care and could have a role for clinical trial enrichment.


Resonance characteristics of a collection of linear subsystems interconnected by waveguides is examined. The properties of the subsystems are determined separately using modal or mobility analysis, and the topology of the waveguide network is cast in matrix form using a wave propagation approach. It is found that harmonic responses are described by multivalued analytic functions defined in the complex plane (or a single‐valued function on a Riemann surface). The excitation frequency is represented by the unit circle and resonances are poles located outside of the circle. The analytic form of the response functions provide insight into the relationships between the modes of each interconnected subsystem as well as the relationship between modal vibration and wave propagation effects. These relations are complicated by the fact that the interconnecting waveguides by themselves introduce new modes of vibration. The complexity of the problem is reduced by restricting the analysis to a window of complex freque...


There are three divisions into which I believe bridges may be properly classed. They are: 1. The filled concrete, stone or brick arch. 2. The reinforced concrete flat type types. 3. The all steel truss or girder types as well as the open arch. In the first division the floor problem is practically elim inated, as it is merely a matter of constructing on the sub grade across the structure a type of road surface which is the same as the rest of the roadway. Those structures which have been designated as in the sec ond division are likewise not likely to present any serious dif ficulty, for the reason that no better floor could be devised, in my opinion, than the surface of the slab itself, which needs only to be water-proofed and drained to make an excellent floor. The structures mentioned in the third division, namely, steel truss, girder, or open arch types, are those in which we find our greatest difficulty not only as regards new construction but maintenance as well. How often do we see in our travels about the country, es pecially in those localities which are served mainly by second ary roads, those faulty and dangerous plank floors which have been neglected until they become a serious menace to traffic, sometimes to such an extent that traffic is diverted to other roads, thereby causing great inconvenience and loss to the public. Each county should have a definite and systematic plan of determining the condition of all bridges at stated intervals. For a period of one or two weeks each year the county com missioners and engineer should examine all bridges in their county and promptly repair or rebuild all those which in their opinion are in need of such repair or renewal. It is false economy to let inadequate or faulty bridge floors exist year after year, because in the long run such neglect results in need for a new structure which will cost far more than proper repairs made at the right time, to say nothing of the incon venience and discomfort to the general public.


Viruses in raw water at the inlet of the water plant and in tap water were detected by a modified Farrah's method (concentrating virus in water by two steps) together with the plaque assay. Virus recovery reached more than 90%.Viruses in the raw water of the water plant were 4-50% pfu/10L in different seasons. They were mostly enteroviruses, mainly nonvirulent strains of polio virus type I.During treatment in the water plant, 94% of viruses could be cleared by aluminium sulfate. The primary chlorination procedure was the most important for inactivation of the viruses. 30 min after chlorination, 96% of viruses were killed. After 1 h, no virus could be further detected in water samples.No virus was discovered in 40 L of tap water at the supply system terminal.Thus, the tap water is believed to meet the 1971 WHO drinking water standard requirement of 0 pfu/10 L.


uinduly prominent. On attempted active contraction of the affected pectoralis major it was at once obvious that the whole of the sterno-costal part of the muscle had been ruptured at its musculo-tendinous junction, some 2 inches from its insertion into the lateral lip of the intertubercular sulcus of the humerus. The divided ends were easily palpable; they were widely separated, the main mass of the muscle being bound down to the inner aspect of the chest wall in the region of the sternum. The tendinous insertion could be felt to be comparatively freely movable, but the muscle itself had become firmly adherent in a contracted position and could not be moved apart from its surrounding structures. There was a gap of approximately 5 inches between the two ends, as measured with the arm to the side. There was at this time no external evidence of trauma, no swelling, and no bruising, and the patient stated that the pain steadily decreased as he regained the use of the limb. The movements of the shoulder-joint were almost full and were accompanied by relatively little pain. There was some weakness of adduction and internal rotation of the arm as compared with the normal side, but this was not unduly marked.


The desirable conformation can vary depending on the use of the horse, as the conformation can give the horse the natural abilities for the wanted task. Therefor it is interesting to study which conformation traits that influence the gaits. In 2013 the Swedish warmblood Association introduced linear scoring of traits for the Swedish warmblood (SWB). This makes it possible to use the information to study correlations between different gait and conformation traits. The aim of this study was to analyze data from the linear scoring of three year old SWB horses to gain understanding of the conformation traits and their effect on gait characteristics. The question was; which conformation traits have an effect on the gaits? The hypothesis was that there are correlations between conformation and gait traits. For the study, information from linear scoring protocols of 1889 horses from year 2013 and 2014 was used. The data had been compiled in an Excel document. Two methods, Spearman ranks correlation and t-test, were used for analyses. The conformation traits used in this study were the position of the shoulder, body direction, body (uphill body type- downhill body type), the position of the neck, the shape of the neck, the length of the neck, the shape of the croup and the length of croup, and 16 traits of the horse gaits in walk, trot and canter. The result showed one moderate correlation (0.48) between body direction and the gaits direction in movement and a total of 37 weak correlations (0.20-0.32) for all the conformation and gait traits except for the length and the shape of the croup where all the correlations were very weak. A sloping shoulder, an uphill body type horse and a vertical neck resulted in longer length of strides and uphill movements in the gaits. The hypothesis can be confirmed.


Another concern is that aerosol formation is not considered in this simulation. In Line 164: the authors showed that major intermediates/products under low NO condition have high C*. However, multi-functional compounds have important contributions to OHR as in Figures 3, S4, and S5, and vapors deposit onto chamber walls. Thus, I don't think gasparticle partitioning is negligible. The authors noted that aerosol concentration is very low under low-NO condition in the ambient air (remote atmosphere). However, not in the context of atmospheric analysis, but in the context of the interpretation of chamber experiments, contributions of gas-particle partitioning could be significant. Thus, in my opinion, the authors' demonstration with gas-wall partitioning but without gas-particle partitioning is misleading; contributions of gas-wall partitioning could be overestimated. I recommend the authors to consistently simulate gas-particle-wall partitioning, particularly for the chamber cases.


By adding the inhibiting amount of overshoot or undershoot over time decay during overshoot or duration of undershoot, close the output by suppressing the overshoot and the undershoot in a short time to the reference value. When the output is overshooting, the feedback control amount of the output, the output is added to overshoot suppression quantity including temporal attenuation suppressing amount defined in the period in which overshoot, or, the output is undershoot Occasionally, the feedback control amount of the output, adding undershoot suppression quantity including temporal attenuation control quantity which the output is defined in the period in which undershoot.