The purpose of this research is set out to investigate and discuss the influence of characteristics and corporate governance on social responsibility disclosures in Indonesian companies. Variables of the characteristics and corporate governance used in this research include government ownership, board of directors size, independent directors, company size, company age, liquidity, leverage and type of industry towards corporate social responsibility disclosure.
The total sample which met the criteria consists of 443 companies that have been listed on the Indonesian Stock Exchange from the 2013-2017 period. Where is determined by purposive sampling method. The data used in this research are the annual reports and financial reports of all companies which are published through the IDX website. The data analysis method used is panel data regression. This research was processed using SPSS 25 and Eviews 10 programs.
The results of this research showed that the variable profitability, company size and company age have a positive significant effect on corporate social responsibility disclosure. While the independent director's variables have a negative significant effect on corporate social responsibility disclosure. Moreover, the research confirmed that other variables such as liquidity, board of directors size, leverage, government ownership, and type of industry were not found to have a significant effect.


In this paper, we consider distributed coordination of discrete-time second-order multi-agent systems with limited communication data-rate. The position of each agent is measurable, while the velocity is not. A quantized-observer based encoding-decoding scheme is proposed, which integrates the state observation with channel coding/decoding. A distributed coordinated control law is proposed based on the states and outputs of the encoders and decoders. By converting the closed-loop nonlinear system into a linear system with disturbance, sufficient conditions on the control gains and network topology for the existence of finite-level quantizers to ensure the closed-loop convergence are given, and it is shown that these conditions are also necessary in some sense. It is proved that, by selecting the number of quantization levels (data-rate) properly, the asymptotic synchronization of the positions and velocities can be achieved.


The present invention discloses an expanded microsphere foaming agent preparation apparatus, which comprises a cylindrical expansion kettle, wherein the cylinder body of the expansion kettle forms an expansion chamber, the upper portion of the cylinder body is provided with a hot wind inlet, the side wall of the hot wind inlet is provided with a material inlet, the top portion of the cylinder body is provided with a material outlet, the lower end of the material outlet extends into the expansion chamber to form a material outlet pipe, the lower end of the material outlet pipe is positioned below the position of the hot wind inlet, and the bottom portion of the cylinder body is provided with an arc convergence section. Compared with the apparatus in the prior art, the apparatus of the present invention has the following advantages that the microsphere foaming agent can be effectively prevented from caking during the expansion process, the expansion quality is improved, the purified expanded microsphere foaming agent is obtained, and the production efficiency is ensured.


We present an optical design study on a nanowire heterojunction bipolar transistor solar cell. The simple structure of this novel architecture of double-junction solar cell, allows for independent power extraction from the two junctions and makes the nanowire growth easier than in current-matched double-junction solar cells as there is no need for tunnel junctions and only three main semiconductor regions must be grown. We show that the nanowire heterojunction bipolar transistor solar cell design results in an optical performance similar to comparable planar devices, with the nanowires only covering 1/3 of the substrate area. Furthermore, it allows for the growth of lattice-mismatched semiconductor combinations, which increases the detailed balance efficiency limit.


Blade bearings are joint components of variable-pitch wind turbines, which have high failure rates. This article diagnoses a naturally damaged wind turbine blade bearing, which was in operation on a wind farm for over 15 years; therefore, its vibration signals are more in line with field situations. The focus is placed on the conditions of fluctuating slow speeds and heavy loads, because blade bearings bear large loads from wind turbine blades and their rotation speeds are sensitively affected by wind loads or blade flipping. To extract weak fault signals masked by heavy noise, a novel signal denoising method, Bayesian augmented Lagrangian (BAL) algorithm, is used to build a sparse model for noise reduction. BAL can denoise the signal by transforming the original filtering problem into several suboptimization problems under the Bayesian framework and these suboptimization problems can be further solved separately. Therefore, it requires fewer computational requirements. After that, the BAL denoised signal is resampled with the aim of eliminating spectrum smearing and improving diagnostic accuracy. The proposed framework is validated by different experiments and case studies. The comparison with respect to some popular diagnostic methods is explained in detail, which highlights the superiority of our introduced framework.


This research evaluates the major potential sources of physical site waste on Australian projects. In 1998, Faniran and Caban conducted a seminal study into sources of site waste in Australia. This current research was undertaken in 2017-2018 to provide a fresh view in this waste management area. Construction waste accounts for 40% of all waste produced in Australia. The purpose of this study is to transfer research knowledge, via collaboration with industry practitioners, to support innovative design thinking to reduce construction waste. After a global literature review, a qualitative methods approach was adopted for this research and the Faniran and Caban (1998) model was utilized in obtaining research data via survey questionnaires received from 53 engineering construction industry respondents. A unique feature of this study being that respondents were polled across the spectrum of Australian building and construction industry projects and that the respondent sample comprised of a wide range of participants from industry company directors to general superintendents. A pragmatic research framework was developed for this study. The severity index approach (Faniran and Caban 1998) was used to synthesize and interpret the data for the research, as well as thematic analysis. The research findings indicate that of the 13 potential sources of site waste evaluated, the top three most likely and the two least likely waste sources were the same in this 2018 research as those for the Faniran and Caban (1998) study. It is concluded that the Australian engineering construction industry is in a strong position, armed with reliable academic research from a 20-year period on sources of construction waste, and now needs to mitigate these sources by developing and implementing appropriate strategies. Further, regulatory change was suggested to make project construction waste management procedures mandatory to support Australia's sustainable future.


A field experiment was carried out during kuriai (June September) (South West Monsoon) and thaladi (October - January) (North East Monsoon) seasons of 1990-91 to evaluate the effectiveness of Sesbania rostrata grown as intercrop and ratoon in transplanted rice-rice sequence. Direct and residual effects of S.rostrata on rice yield and chemical properties of soil were studied. Grain and straw yields of rice were increased significantly due to green manuring. Fertilizer nitrogen could be saved upto 50 per cent through green manuring. Soil chemical properties viz., organic carbon content, available N and K were increased significantly with green manure incorporations, particularly in ratooned ones, as compared to no green manuring. Green manuring combined with 50 kg N/ha was found to be better than pure stand of rice with 100 kg N/ha.


explicitly international perspective. It suggests that scholars still have a long way to go before German Studies can become a truly international discipline. Klaus Schuhmacher's essay on the infl uence of Romanticism on contemporary German literature is equally disappointing; it is a largely superfi cial listing of various authors without any deeper analysis. Gerhard Friedrich's vigorous attack on the postreunifi cation "Familienroman" is one of the most interesting essays in the volume, in spite of a number of fl aws. Friedrich does not really address any particular novels; instead he explores the resurgence of interest in family history in the post1990 period, suggesting that what is at stake is the need for new concepts of German identity. Like Thüne, Friedrich ignores a wealth of AngloAmerican scholarship on the subject of German victims and victimization, but his distinction between two kinds of victimization—the passive victim on the one hand vs. the active sacrifi ce on the other—is nevertheless useful. Unfortunately Friedrich, while making much of the resurgence of concern with German history in the 1990s, ignores the Historikerstreit and other phenomena of the 1980s, and this oversight weakens his argument about the timing of the discourse of victimization. Friedrich also tends to neglect the pre1990 East German approach to victimization and sacrifi ce, an approach that would have forced him to be more nuanced in his discounting of the concept of sacrifi ce for postWorld War II German national identity. The volume could have been improved by more internal structuring. It is essentially a series of relatively disconnected essays and could have been made more coherent by the creation of sections dealing with particular themes—East German literature and identity, for instance, or individual authors like W.G. Sebald, Daniel Kehlmann, Ulrike Draesner, F.C. Delius, or Sven Regener. Unfortunately the volume is also badly copyedited, or perhaps not copyedited at all. At one point Mark M. Anderson's essay on W.G. Sebald, which is mostly in German, suddenly contains an Englishlanguage sentence (237). In Antonella Gargano's essay on Wladimir Kaminer the English architect Sir Norman Foster becomes Norman "Forster" (92). And Wolfgang Emmerich transforms Thomas Brussig's novel Am kürzeren Ende der Sonnenallee into Am unteren Ende der Sonnenallee (25). Such problems mar one's progress through an otherwise valuable book, one that provides a fascinating exploration of contemporary German literary culture from an ItaloGerman perspective.


The study of compaction or solids conveying in a screw extruder has been carried out majorly on the straight screws using the plug flow analysis. Despite this, the analysis of the straight screw appears to be complex as contained in existing literatures based on the force and torque balance. The tapered screw, which is considered to be an effective option for biomass compaction, introduces greater complications because the geometry is constantly changing. In this study, a method based on the traction and retardation mechanism of friction is developed for a fully unwound screw channel utilizing only the force balances. The procedure has been used to carry out a parametric analysis of the tapered screw extruder for a screw press biomass briquetting machine. The taper angle was considered to significantly increase the pressure developed in the extruder depending on the length of the compaction zone. The optimum taper angle has also been found to be dependent on the frictional coefficient of the biomass material with enclosing surfaces and ranges between 2 ° and 4 ° . Normal 0 false false false EN-GB X-NONE X-NONE /* Style Definitions */
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Everyone involved in quantifying the human part of the defense equation has long been frustrated by lack of consistent, "reproducible" and comprehensive data. This void is especially evident in the training and performance data area. The Defense Training and Performance Data Center (TPDC) was established to help redress this problem.


Abstract The present paper aims to investigate the idea of "elevating the worthy" (shang xian 尚賢) as it appears in the newly found manuscript Zhou xun 周訓. This manuscript is part of the Peking University collection (Beijing daxue cang Xi-Han zhushu 北京大學藏西漢竹書), presumably copied in the first half of the first century b.c.e. In sharp contrast to most recently discovered manuscripts promulgating "elevating the worthy," the Zhou xun introduces the meritocratic principle to support hereditary power transfer, by positing that the right to rule should be passed on to the most able son of a ruler. I argue that this position served several purposes. First, it provided a solution to the central problem of abdication discourse, namely, the conflict between the principles of "respecting worthies" (zun xian 尊賢) and "loving kin" (ai qin 愛親). Second, this interpretation of "elevating the worthy" entailed a significant extension of the number of potential contenders to the throne, challenging the system of primogeniture, the very cornerstone of political order in early China. This fundamental challenge appears to be deliberate and can be interpreted as an attempt to formulate a new paradigm for the ruling house of Zhou. The complete absence of the idea of Heaven's Mandate (tian ming 天命) from the Zhou xun certainly underscores its radical departure from Zhou conventional claims to power. However, I argue that, given the close association between the Zhou xun and the Lüshi chunqiu 呂氏春秋, it is also plausible that the former's theory was created to justify the Zhou's overthrow by the Qin 秦. In any case, the Zhou xun provides us with new insights into how the idea of "elevating the worthy" was applied to politics in early China. 提要 本文旨在探討新出《周訓》中的「尚賢」思想。這部出土文獻屬於《北京大學藏西漢竹書》﹐其抄寫年代大概在公元前一世紀的前半葉。《周訓》與其他提倡「尚賢」的新出土文獻形成了鮮明的對比,因為前者提出「尚賢」的目的是為了支持傳子之制,認為應該將統治權力交給最有能力的繼承人。本文認為《周訓》的立場達到以下幾個目的﹕首先,它解決了禪讓說中的核心問題,即「尊賢」與「愛親」之間的衝突﹔其次, 這種對「尚賢」的解釋擴大了王位候選人的範圍,挑戰了長子繼承制這種中國自古以來政治秩序的基石。這個根本性挑戰的目的﹐或許是要為周王室制定一個新的統治範式。《周訓》完全沒有提到「天命」的觀念,也說明了它已經遠離周朝對權力的固有理解。然而,鑑於《周訓》與《呂氏春秋》之間的密切關係,我們也可以說《周訓》的寫作目的是要證明秦滅周的合法性。無論如何,《周訓》給我們提供了有關「尚賢」的原則如何應用於政治的新知識。


The status and prospectus of developing birth control vaccines, that is vaccines against hormones, sperm or pre-embryonic structures that may confer temporary infertility, are reviewed. An acceptable vaccine must be directed against an antigen that is ephemeral, specific and preferably protein, and the vaccine itself must be 90% effective, consistent, reversible, free of side effects, and preferably a single injection. Chorionic gonadotropins are the most successful antigens so far. Phase I clinical trials have been conducted in India and Scandinavia, sponsored by the Population Council, of anti beta-hCG- tetanus toxoid, combined alpha-ovine-LH-beta-hCG bound to tetanus toxoid and cholera toxin chain B, and a combined ovine and human antigen in an alum and LPS adjuvant. Trials of a CTP-beta-hCG-diphtheria toxoid in Australia sponsored by WHO resulted in titers deemed high enough to neutralize functional hCG levels. Research on nonhormonal antigens currently involves several sperm antigens, trophoblast antigens, and most successful to date, zona pellucida antigens. A purified porcine sperm receptor has been used to produce antibodies effective against pregnancy in laboratory animals. Another aspect of research on antifertility vaccines is the search for the best vaccine delivery system, especially on formulations that permit stable vaccines with single injections. Best hopes focus on microsphere systems. Future research may look into possible T-cell-mediated responses.


Objective: To evaluate changes in arousal and their impact on memory performance during the intracarotid amobarbital test (IAT). Methods: Along with memory measures, level of arousal was evaluated through clinical ratings and nonverbal self-ratings in epilepsy patients undergoing IAT before anterior temporal lobectomy. Results: Irrespective of seizure focus, left-sided amobarbital injection resulted in decreased objective and subjective arousal more often than right-side injection. Impaired objective arousal was greater when the left hemisphere was injected second, because of the presumed additive effects of systemic amobarbital residual from the first injection. Decreased objective arousal was related to poorer performance on memory testing following left-hemisphere injection. Conclusions: The IAT, as practiced in most centers, is biased, so patients with right temporal lobe seizure focus are more likely to "pass" the test, whereas patients with left seizure focus are more likely to "fail" the test. The significant impact of changes in arousal on memory testing needs to be considered when using IAT results to select patients for temporal lobectomy.


This is the two authors' response to the comments on their books, The Gods of Indian Country and The Story of Radio Mind, offered by Kathleen J. Martin, Sylvester A. Johnson, Tiffany Hale, and Greg Johnson. It addresses questions regarding the history of land in North America and Turtle Island, and reflects on the authors' own ancestors' histories, the use of a variety of sources to tell Indigenous and settler histories, and the politics and protocols of stories.


1. Preface 2. Infinitives vs. participles (by Ambar, Manuela) 3. Without expletive replacement? (by Cecchetto, Carlo) 4. Verbal structures and variation (by Di Sciullo, Anna Maria) 5. French degree quantifiers and the syntax of mass and count (by Doetjes, Jenny) 6. Neuter relatives and the degree operator (by Gutierrez-Rexach, Javier) 7. On the interpretation of Spanish n-words (by Herburger, Elena) 8. What does zero syntax add to an analysis of French psych verbs? (by Herschensohn, Julia) 9. The pronoun ~ determiner debate: Evidence from Sardinian and repercussions for French (by Jones, Michael Allan) 10. A minimalist approach to compositionality of aspects (by Maruenda, Sonia) 11. Configurational Attitudes (by Pica, Pierre) 12. Information focus: Between core and periphery (by Pinto, Manuela) 13. Relativized impersonality: Deontic sentences in Catalan (by Rigau, Gemma) 14. Quaint agreement and the theory of spell-out (by Roberge, Yves) 15. Aktionsart and transitive phrases (by Sanz, Montserrat) 16. Determiner transparency: Evidence from Brazilian Portuguese (by Schmitt, Cristina) 17. The post-verbal subject position of Italian unaccusative verbs of inherently directed motion (by Tortora, Christina) 18. Index of Authors 19. Index of Terms & Concepts 20. Index of Languages & Language Families


Forty-four rapeseed(B.napus L.) germplasm were selected randomly to test the waterlogging tolerance relative characteristics during seed germination with anoxic stress.The results showed that germitiated seeds were stressed in anoxic condition for 12h,the fresh weight,root length,survivor rate of seedlings were reduced significantly.The average relative root length(RRL) was 24.7%,relative seedling length and fresh weight were(59.7%) and 69.1%,respectively.Relative survivor rate(RSR) was 79.4%,the average of electrical conductivity(EC) was 1.42mS·cm~(-1)·g~(-1) and relative vigor index(RVI) was 0.49.The correlation analysis indicated that RVI was related significantly with all of these germination characteristics.Among 44 rapeseed lines,there were extensive variation in waterlogging tolerant relative characteristics,RVI ranged from 0.04 to 0.92.The lines of 03P79-1,03P62-5 and Zhongshuang 8 were waterlogging tolerant resources and could be used for breeding.


We study operators given by series, in particular, operators of the form \(e^B=\sum\limits_{n=0}^{\infty}{B^n}/{n!},\) where \(B\) is an operator acting in a Banach space \(X\). A corresponding example is provided. In our future research, we will use these operators for introducing and studying functions of operators constructed (with the use of the Cauchy integral formula) on the basis of scalar functions and admitting a faster than power growth at infinity.


Objective To assess the value on the diagnosis of picornavirous group meningitis by RT-PCR. Methods The objects consist of the patients with meningitis (104 cases) and the patients with non- meningitis disease(39 cases). Picornavirous group was detected in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) with reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Results The positive rate was 41.3% (43/104) in meningitis group. The control cases were not any positive results of picornavirous group.Conclusions The picornavirous group is the important pathogens, which cause meningitis. RT-PCR has higher value in the diagnosis of picornavirous group meningitis.


Aim To implement volume rendering based on texture mapping usually by hardware,its function is implemented by using Java 3D.A virtual heart system was proposed by using Java+Java 3D.Methods After the pre-processing of CT sliced data,image filter,segmentation,registration and clip,The texture mapping is implemented by programming,and finally the three-dimensional visualization of heart is presented.Results A virtual heart system was implemented using Java 3D.Especially volume rendering based on texture mapping was implemented by software.Conclusion Rendering based on texture implemented by Java 3D instead of hardware can reduces costs.


The invention discloses a preparation method of foam carbon based on a hydrophobic component in coal, belonging to the preparation method of foam carbon. The preparation method comprises the following steps: (1) taking the hydrophobic component separated from a coal component as a raw material; (2) putting the raw material into a solvent A for extraction, and regulating molecular components; (3) washing the hydrophobic component obtained by extracting by use of a solvent B at the room temperature; (4) drying the hydrophobic component in an air medium with a certain temperature, relative humidity and flow velocity, so that a foam structure with a film foam wall is further formed in the hydrophobic component; (5) grinding the dried hydrophobic component, and pressing to form a tablet; (6), putting the sample subjected to the tabletting into a high-temperature carbonization furnace for heating in an inert atmosphere to obtain semi-foam carbon, and performing carbonation and heating, naturally cooling in the presence of inert gas, and cooling to the room temperature to obtain the foam carbon. The preparation method has the advantages that the raw material source is simple and low in cost, the method is simple and does not need sealed pressuring equipment, the foam carbon is rich in cellular structure, and very low in volume density and apparent density.


In discussions of the agricultural economies of ancient Mesopotamia, scholars commonly make a sharp distinction between intensive irrigation in the south and extensive rain-fed farming in the north (Weiss 1986; Bagg 2000: 283). In popular as well as academic publications Babylonia is strongly associated with canals, and when one thinks of large state-sponsored initiatives the massive integrated network of canals built by the Sasanian rulers of southern Mesopotamia (Adams 1978) normally springs to mind first. However, since the mid-nineteenth century archaeology and epigraphy have documented the great irrigation schemes of the Neo-Assyrian kings. The inscriptions of Sennacherib in particular refer proudly to his great network of canals, and often describe them in the context of luxurious gardens and parks. The inscriptions make mention of the waters' use for vegetable garden plots and, less frequently, for grain fields above and below Nineveh.


SUMMARY

The effect of a pre-planting application of oxamyl on the yields of six potato cultivars was studied in co-operative field trials in 1981. Two sites were 'uninfested' with potato cyst nematodes (PCN), two were lightly infested (<25 eggs/g soil) and six were moderately to heavily infested (three with Globodera rostochiensis and three with G. pallida). At the uninfested and lightly infested sites oxamyl had little effect on mid-season haulm weights or on final tuber yields. At sites moderately to heavily infested with G. rostochiensis the haulm growth of all cultivars tended to be increased by a similar amount on plots treated with oxamyl, Pentland Dell being least responsive. Yield was increased by different amounts, the increases being least for cvs Cara and Maris Piper and most for Corsair and Pentland Dell. At the sites moderately to heavily infested with G. pallida Cara was again tolerant, its yield being increased little by oxamyl compared with the other cultivars. Maris Piper gave the largest yield increase.

Final populations of PCN on non-resistant cultivars were reduced by oxamyl at some sites but not at others. Resistant cultivars also decreased the final numbers of PCN at most sites. Two cultivars derived from Solanum vernei with different degrees of resistance, appeared to be almost equally effective in controlling G. rostochiensis and G. pallida.


This paper proposes a critical approach towards globalization based on its relation to technological change. Thus I will critique both the 'placeless' understanding of globalization which ignores its varying regional and national manifestations, and the 'statist' model which seeks to understand global-national relations in terms of place-based notions such as national sovereignty or territorial states. While the former approach abstracts from space, the latter has too concrete (and statist) an understanding of place. My own approach favours a more complex perspective which allows for the variability of time, space, and their articulation in the process of globalization. It stresses the relativization and rearticulation of spatial scales, and adopts the dynamic 'time-space' language of technological flows. I focus on the reordering of the global system in terms of the complex, tangled dialectic of changes on the macro-regional, meso-regional, national, regional, and local scales; and I consider the implications of technological change on this process with special reference to its time-space flows.


Two novel silver iodobismuthates have been obtained: (Et4N)2n-[Bi2Ag2I10]n (1) with one-dimensional infinite chains built from bimetallic tetranuclear units and (Et4N)2n[Bi4Ag2I16]n (2) with a two-dimensional 44 grid assembly of the tetranuclear Bi4I16 subunits as nodes and Ag atoms as linkages. Their optical band gaps, 2.05 and 1.93 eV, fit nicely in a size correlation of the Bi/I subunit, which is further supported by the density functional theory studies.


In the Philippines, the concerns for growth, equity and sustainability provide the backdrop upon which arguments for or against the use of technological innovation in agriculture are commonly based. This is well documented in the case of the massive campaign to promote the Green Revolution in the 1970s. Militant groups then argued that the high-yielding rice varieties were exploitative of the poor because they require high inputs of chemicals and fertilizers, which are products of Western multinational corporations. To date, however, adoption of modern rice varieties has reached almost 100%. The introduction of biotechnology, or the "Gene Revolution," over the past decade showed a similar argumentative pattern. Interest groups in the polity have expressed divergent views on biotechnology. A number of NGOs claiming to represent the interest of peasants and the environment have ardently opposed biotechnology, particularly genetic modification. The Catholic Church, a strong force in a country of more than 80% Catholics, has largely expressed apprehension about genetic modification. Apprehension has centered on its potentially deleterious impact on the environment, farmers' socio-economic well-being, and moral and ethical issues. The Philippine government, however, has been supportive of the movement for the introduction of biotechnology. It recognizes its potential contribution to agriculture and public health. The establishment of public research institutions dedicated to biotechnology research in the 1980s was a first sign of the support for this new technology. Yet, commercial adoption of genetically modified crops only occurred in 2002 with the introduction of Bt corn. So far, the experience with this new variety has been positive. Rice and corn play a strategic role in the government's effort to achieve agricultural and rural development. The promotion of technological innovation is a vital component of the government's strategy to achieve sustainable agricultural development. In this context, the past experience with regard to the Green Revolution in the 1970s as well as public perception in the Philippines must be taken into account in order to create public support for the sustainable introduction of biotechnology.


Video restoration and enhancement tasks, including video super-resolution(VSR), are designed to convert low-quality videos into high-quality videos to improve the audience's visual experience. In recent years, many deep learning methods using optical flow estimation or deformable convolution have been applied to video super-resolution. However, we find that motion estimation based on a single optical flow is difficult to capture enough inter-frame information, and the method using deformable convolution lacks clear motion constraints, which affects its ability to process fast motion. Therefore, we propose a multi-offset-flow-based network (MOFN) to make more effective use of inter-frame information by using optical flow with offset diversity. We proposed an alignment and compensation module that can estimate the optical flow with multiple offsets for neighbouring frames and perform frame alignment. The aligned video frames will be fed into the fusion module, and high-quality video frames will be obtained after fusion and reconstruction. Extensive results show that our proposed model has a good ability to process motion. On several benchmark datasets, our method has achieved favorable performance compared with the most advanced methods.


We define the (random) $k$-cut number of a rooted graph to model the difficulty of the destruction of a resilient network. The process is as the cut model of Meir and Moon except now a node must be cut $k$ times before it is destroyed. The first order terms of the expectation and variance of $\mathcal{X}_{n}$, the $k$-cut number of a path of length $n$, are proved. We also show that $\mathcal{X}_{n}$, after rescaling, converges in distribution to a limit $\mathcal{B}_{k}$, which has a complicated representation. The paper then briefly discusses the $k$-cut number of some trees and general graphs. We conclude by some analytic results which may be of interest.


Federal regulations stipulate how radioactive materials are transported within the United States. However, the Department of Energy, under Department of Energy Order, has the authority to operate, within the boundaries of their physical site, to other stipulations. In many cases the DOE sites have internal reviews for onsite transfers that rival reviews performed by the regulatory authorities for offsite shipments. Most of the differences are in the level or type of packaging that is required, but in some cases it may be in the amount and type of material that is allowed to be transferred. This paper will describe and discuss those differences and it will discuss ways to effectively align the onsite rules for transferring materials with those for offsite shipment.


This paper is devoted to construction and investigation of explicit forms of Wick tensor powers in general white noise spaces. We give an extension of some objects and structure of Gaussian analysis to the case of more general white noise measures on E* (the dual of a nuclear space E), such that the random variable 〈ω,ξ〉 is infinitely divisible distributed for any ξ∈E and ω∈E*.


This report is the internal project deliverable D5.1-4 "Reporting on Testing and Evaluation Plans for Local Test Benches", for ACROSS, a European Commission 7th Framework funded project.
This document aims to describe the overall aspects of the foreseen evaluations of all the new technologies, novel Human-Machine Interface (HMI) and new cockpit automation function aspects that are currently under development by WP5 partners.
More specifically, it provides a first overview of the main activities foreseen by all the WP5 developing partners including, when already feasible, the experimental setup, evaluation metrics and first ideas on the test scenarios, based on the overall scenarios already defined under D1.4-1 "Reference Scenarios". The report is intended to be further matured and updated in the internal project deliverable D5.2-2 "Overview of local technology developments".


This paper summaries the development history and research status of the laser forming technique at home and abroad, analyses the priorities, discusses the forming principle and mechanism and addresses the influential factors and provides the application prospect of sheet metal laser forming technique.


Keeping people well rather than waiting for illness to develop has always been the right thing to do. One of the major advantages of managed care is its emphasis on health promotion, disease prevention, and early disease detection. The quality of a managed care organization is often judged by the percentage of its members who appropriately access preventive health care services such as childhood immunizations, influenza vaccinations, mammography, and pap smear. Under a capitated system of managed care, physicians, hospitals, and other providers are prospectively paid a fixed amount of money, typically referred to as per member per month or PMPM. This prospective payment must be used to provide whatever care is needed for the individual within the given time period. It is easy to understand how capitated payments focus care on cost-effective screenings and preventive health care in an effort to keep people healthy. Managed care, delivered in health maintenance organizations (HMOs) or preferred provider organizations (PPOs), is growing for commercial, Medicare, and Medicaid programs. Although enrollment varies across states, commercial HMO enrollment has increased from 3.5 million in 1971 to 66.8 million in1997 (Department of Commerce, Economics and Statistics Administration, Bureau of the Census, 1998). An additional 12.9 million (40.1%) Medicaid beneficiaries and 7.0 million (12.5%) Medicare beneficiaries are enrolled in managed care plans (Lamphere, Holahan, Brangan, & Burke, 1997). Studies suggest that the quality of care in HMOs is similar to that of fee-for-service care (Wagner, 1996). Transcultural nurses may play multiple roles within the evolving payment structure. These roles involve enrollment, screening, access to care, and the provision of appropriate care. First, transcultural nurses are in an ideal position to help health care consumers understand health care financing. Health care consumers need to understand their insurance options. Much information is available in print and on the Internet to assist nurses in this role. The culturally sensitive nurse can help the consumer identify positive and negative aspects of each health plan option, within the context of the consumer's family and culture. Second, transcultural nurses can assist in establishing screening programs that are meaningful within a particular cultural context. For example, to emphasize the pivotal role that the African-American woman plays in the family, outreach for mammography screening may use a "do it for your family" campaign. In addition, the transcultural nurse may play a role with cultural groups that historically have focused on acute illness rather than preventive measures. Transcultural nurses have identified strategies to enhance healthseeking behaviors in a variety of cultural groups. These findings must be shared with insurers and providers to better reach these particular groups. For example, the transcultural nurse may develop immunization outreach programs that meet the needs of vulnerable populations, such as those in poverty, with language barriers, and with low educational levels. Third, the transcultural nurse may play a key role in help ing consumers to understand how to appropriately access health care. For example, the transcultural nurse may notice that a cultural group tends to seek health care in the emer gency department. The nurse can help the family to identify and use other, more appropriate and cost effective avenues for care. Finally, transcultural nurses can assist in modifying the delivery of care. It is well known that the meaning of health and illness is different for various cultural groups. For exam ple, the areas of self-help and patient empowerment have Anglo middle-class origins. Further research is needed into these areas. Similarly, there is a need for further research into the practices that cultural groups employ for staying well. In addition, research to understand the cultural factors that influ ence care during and after illness, although impressive, has only begun to scratch the surface. More research is needed in


The First Amendment protects not only our right to share ideas, but also to some extent, our right to choose the specific method by which we share them. Generally speaking, these protections apply to inmates' rights to communicate with those outside of prison. However, the protection of those rights must be balanced with the penological interests of prisons and jails. Electronic messaging has now become a standard form of communication within most American homes and businesses. Accordingly, the Federal Bureau of Prisons has implemented the TRULINCS program, a program which allows inmates to communicate with those outside of prison through electronic messaging. The Washington State Department of Corrections has installed JPay kiosks in state-operated facilities that allow inmates to send and receive electronic messages. However, most state prison systems and county jails currently do not offer inmates the option of receiving or sending electronic messages. The Supreme Court of the United States has indicated that prisoners have a constitutional right to send and receive mail, and some circuit courts have extended that right to telephone use. This Article examines the foundational aspects of free speech in prison settings and how the * Brennen J. Johnson, University of Washington School of Law, Class of 2016. Special thanks to Theodore Myhre for his guidance and tutelage. The thoughts and views expressed in this Article solely reflect those of the Author. 1 Johnson: Jail (E)Mail: Free Speech Implications of Granting Inmates Access Published by UW Law Digital Commons, 2016 286 WASHINGTON JOURNAL OF LAW, TECHNOLOGY & ARTS [VOL. 11:4 evolution of communication might affect the breadth of an inmate's free speech rights. This Article argues that, in certain situations, the First Amendment should protect inmates' interests in sending and receiving emails. 2 Washington Journal of Law, Technology & Arts, Vol. 11, Iss. 4 [2016], Art. 2 https://digitalcommons.law.uw.edu/wjlta/vol11/iss4/2 2016] JAIL (E)MAIL 287


This article presents the results of tests on walls made of AAC (autoclaved aerated concrete) strengthened with horizontal reinforcement in the form of strips of mesh rolled out from a roll, consisting of steel cords with an interwoven fiberglass roving was used. The effect of the applied strengthening was determined based on the results of tests on masonry models subjected to compression, and diagonal compression. Specimens were tested according to guidelines of PN‐EN 1052‐1:2000 and ASTM ES519‐81 code in case of compression and shear test respectively. The results of the tests were also compared with the results of tests of AAC masonry walls without reinforcement, reinforced with truss‐type reinforcement.


Distributed guided ultrasonic wave array systems allow for the efficient structural health monitoring (SHM) of large structures, such as aircraft or ship hulls. Permanently attached sensor arrays have been applied for the detection and imaging of corrosion and fatigue damage. A hybrid model has been developed for the efficient prediction of the sensitivity of guided waves array systems to detect through thickness and part-through fatigue cracks in plate structures. The influence of the orientation of the crack relative to the transducer elements has been predicted from localized 3D Finite Element simulations and verified experimentally.The directivity pattern of the scattered guided wave field has been shown to depend on the defect orientation and on the ratio of the characteristic defect size and depth to wavelength. Using the hybrid model, detection and imaging capabilities can be predicted for various defect depths, and the sensor layout and signal processing optimized. This has been demonstrated from laboratory experiments. Notches of increasing depth were machined into an aluminium plate and imaged using distributed sensors for the A0 Lamb wave mode. Based on the model predictions the sensitivity for shallow defects has been optimized, and the minimum imaged defect depth found. © (2011) by the British Institute of Non-Destructive Testing. All rights reserved.


A microscopic model is presented which provides a practical means for selecting the states necessary for the development of nuclear collective rotational and quadrupole vibrational motions in a shell-model calculation. The model is based on the noncompact Sp(3,R) algebra and is a natural generalization of Elliott's SU(3) model to include many major shells. (AIP)


The authors describe a diode-pumped Nd:YAG laser that produces 920 mJ output energy pulses with a pulse duration of 76 ps at 200 Hz pulse repetition rate. Second-harmonic generation with a pulse energy of 730 mJ and pulse duration of 63 ps was obtained by using LiB3O5 crystal with II-type phase matching. The output beam divergence was about 1.5 × DL (the diffraction limit) and 1.9 × DL for 1064 and 532 nm wavelengths, respectively.


The connetion between cooling way(the structure of cooling wall),cooling water flux,cooling water temperature and cooling effect is not clear.The connetion between cooling water flux and cooling effect of blast furnace wall is revealed by experiment.


Objective:To explore the possible incorrect beliefs related to sleep disorder and educate patients ai- ming at their incorrect beliefs to achieve the objective of promoting sleep.Methods:Altogether 62 cases of patients suffering from insomnia were included and divided into experimental group and control group randomly (31 in each group).Patients in both groups were given medical and psychological treatment.The patients in experimental group were also given health education targeting at their incorrect sleeping beliefs,while the patients in control group were only given general health education.All patients were assessed with the Dysfunctional Beliefs and Attitudes about Sleep (DBAS) and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI).Their sleep duration,sleep quality,sleep efficiency and edu- cation efficiency were evaluated every week.Results:After 4-week education,the DBAS scores of experimental group and control group were both higher than baseline [(111.0±8.7) vs.(88.9±12.3),P=0.001;(93.5±17.2) vs.(81.3±19.2),P=0.010].But the PSQI scores were lower than baseline [(5.5±2.1) vs.(10.9±4.4), (9.0±2.1) vs.(11.5±3.6),P=0.001].After 4-week education,the DBAS score of control group was lower than that of experimental group,but the PSQI score was higher than that of experimental group.After health education, patients in experimental group were more satisfied with sleep duration,sleep quality and sleep efficiency.The satisfac- tion with sleep duration changed from 18/31 to 30/31,the satisfaction with sleep quality changed from 8/31 to 23/31, and the satisfaction with sleep efficiency changed from 8/31 to 21/31 (P0.05).After education the patients in ex- perimental group was more satisfied with sleep duration than those in control group.The rate of the satisfaction between experimental group and control group were 30/31 and 14/31 (P0.01).The acceptance of the education between experimental group and control group were 18/31 and 5/31 (P0.05).Conclusion:The patients' sleep belief and their sleep quality arre obviously improved after the sleep education.


Background: Over-the-counter (OTC) medications are those that can be obtained without the need for a prescription, providing a convenient pathway to address everyday health concerns. These non-prescription remedies cater to minor health issues and are easily accessible. However, it is important for users to carefully follow the instructions and guidelines provided on the drugs packaging to ensure safe and effective usage.

Aims and Objectives: The present study is undertaken, the prevalence of OTC drug utilization among medical undergraduate students, with the aim of uncovering the factors that contribute to such usage.

Materials and Methods: This study employed a cross-sectional survey among 500 medical undergraduates from an Indian university. The survey aimed to evaluate their utilization of OTC drugs, information sources, and awareness regarding potential side effects. Data collection utilized a self-administered questionnaire.

Results: According to the findings, 450 of the 500 students participated in the survey. Analgesics (85.3%) and antipyretics (61.8%) were the most popular choices among respondents (81.3%). Friends and family (46.2%) were the most common sources of information about OTC drugs. Notably, the majority of students (69.1%) were aware of the potential side effects of OTC drugs.

Conclusion: This study emphasizes the importance of educating medical students on the proper use of OTC drugs as well as the importance of seeking advice from health-care professionals. Furthermore, it emphasizes the significance of increased regulation of OTC drug sales and the dissemination of accurate public information.


We report a study on several static, dynamic, and electronic properties of liquid Hg at room temperature. We have performed ab initio molecular dynamics simulations using Kohn-Sham density functional theory combined with a nonlocal ultrasoft pseudopotential. The calculated static structure shows good agreement with the available experimental data. We present results for the single-particle dynamics, and recent experimental data are analyzed. The calculated dynamic structure factors S(q,omega) fairly agree with their experimental counterparts as measured by inelastic x-ray (and neutron) scattering experiments. The dispersion relation exhibits a positive dispersion, which however is not so marked as suggested by the experiment; moreover, its slope at the long-wavelength limit provides a good estimate of the experimental sound velocity. We have also analyzed the dynamical processes behind the S(q,omega) in terms of a model including a relaxation mechanism with both fast and slow characteristic time scales.


Doublet Pool is an active hydrothermal feature in Yellowstone National Park, USA. Approximately every half hour, it thumps for about 10 min due to bubbles collapsing at the base of the pool. To understand its thermodynamics and sensitivity to external factors, we performed a recurring multiple‐year passive seismic experiment. By linking recorded hydrothermal tremor with active thumping, we determine the onset and end of thumping, and the duration of silence between each thumping cycle. The silence interval decreased from around 30 min before November 2016 to around 13 min in September 2018. This change followed unusual thermal activity on the surrounding Geyser Hill. On a shorter time scale, wind‐driven evaporative cooling can lengthen the pre‐thumping silence interval. Based on energy conservation, we determine the heating rate and heat needed to initiate thumping to be 3–7 MW and ∼6 GJ, respectively.


A partial pitch wind turbine blade comprising an inner blade extender section, an outer blade section coupled to an inner blade extender section by said pitch system such that said outer blade section is operable to pitch relative to said inner blade extender section. The pitch system comprises at least one conductive element, and said partial pitch wind turbine blade comprises a lightning down conductor coupled to said pitch system. The at least one conductive element of said pitch system is provided directly visible to a lightning strike at an external surface of said pitch system thus acting as a lightning receptor for said partial pitch wind turbine blade to provide a partial pitch wind turbine blade which does not require such constructional features to provide protection of a pitch system from the effects of a lightning strike.


THE DEVELOPMENT of a bone is a complicated process. A long bone arises from a solid mass of mesenchyme which turns into a strong but delicate and light tubular structure, constantly adapting its architecture to the needs of bodily growth and stresses and strains. METAPHYSEAL DYNAMICS The metaphysis of a bone is that part of its shaft which adjoins the epiphysis; we do not attempt to define its exact extension in the other direction. It is that part of the bone where the effect of recent events is often shown—the transverse lines produced by any serious illness, the dense bands of elemental phosphorus poisoning, the chondromas arising from nests of trapped epiphyseal cartilage cells, and so forth. It is particularly here that deficient molding and remodeling of a growing bone may be seen. Thus, the normal graceful and rapid tapering from the wider epiphysis to the narrower tubular shaft


Objective:To investigate the relationship between plasma pro-brain natriuretic peptide(pro-BNP) levels and left ventricular hypertrophy(LVH) and left ventricular systolic dysfunction(LVSD) in patients with hypertension.Methods:Ninety one subjects were recruited,including 15 healthy controls and 76 hypertensive patients.All the subject's plasma were taken for pro-BNP when they were examined the echocardiograms.They were divided into five groups according to the levels of blood pressure,left ventricular thickness and left ventricular systolic function:15 healthy controls(group 1),22 hypertensive patients without LVH and with normal left ventricular systolic function(group 2),24 hypertensive patients with LVH and with normal left ventricular systolic function(group 3),13 hypertensive patients with wall motion index(LWMI) 1.9~1.3(group 4)and 17 hypertensive patients with wall motion index(LWMI)1.2(group 5).Results:The levels of plasma pro-BNP in groups 1-3 had significant differences from groups 4,5.Group 4 was markedly different from group 5(P0.05).Conclusion:If hypertensive patients have normal systolic function,then LVH has no effects on the levels of plasma pro-BNP.When LVSD appears in hypertensive patients,then the level of plasma pro-BNP increases with the level of LVSD.Pro-BNP may be an effective predictor for the appearance of LVSD in hypertensive patients.


The prevalence of dental problems at the age of 10-14 years age group has increased. Factors causing dental problems one of which is the level of individual dental hygiene. In addition, a group of primary school age are at risk of dental problems because of age is a change of desidual teeth becomes permanent teeth. Analyze the effectiveness of dental health media made based on the theory P - Proces, Innovation Decision Process and Technology Acceptance model of the student. This type of quasi-experimental study with a research population of the entire student class V. This study was conducted Elementary Taman Sari Probolinggo. Data collection techniques with a structured interview with the theory of step P - Process. Data were analyzed with the Mann Whitney test to determine the differences between treatment and control groups and Wilcoxon test to look at the effectiveness of media. Research shows that the choice of media is poster. Effectiveness of the media in the treatment group more effectively by involving respondents and expert review in improving knowledge, attitudes and intentions to act with ( P < 0.005 ). Media in accordance with the characteristics of the students can improve knowledge, attitude and intention to act. Media for promotion should be created by involving students in the making process. For further research in order to develop this research to the realm of action.


The characteristics of the socio-economic development of the Voronezh region in the period of transition to a market economy are considered. The role of nuclear power engineering as one of the leading economic sectors in the region is defined.


This paper presents data on utilizing remote sensing technology for characterizing a riparian zone in southern Texas. Radiometric ground reflectance measurements, color-infrared aerial photography, and computer image processing techniques were conducted for this study. Reflectance measurements were made on 8 dominant vegetation types, soil, and water. Spectral measurements were made in the visible green (0.52-0.60 pLm), visible red (0.63-0.69 [pm), and near-infrared (0.76-0.90 pm) wavelengths. Reflectance values differed significantly (P = 0.05) among the vegetation, soil, and water parameters at all 3 wavelengths. Differences in reflectance among the vegetation cover types were attributed to variable foliage coloration and vegetative density. A color-infrared photograph of the study area showed that many of the ecological surface types could be readily distinguished. An unsupervised computer classification of the photograph identified 8 ground classes. An accuracy assessment performed on the classification showed an overall accuracy of 88%. RESUMEN-Se presenta infomaci6n sobre c6mo utilizar la tecnologia de la recepci6n remota para caracterizar una zona riparia en el sur de Texas. Medidas radiom&tricas de reflectancia del suelo, fotograffia aerea infrarroja a color, y t&cnicas de procesamiento digital de imaigenes se realizaron para este estudio. Medidas de reflectancia espectral se hicieron en ocho tipos dominantes de vegetaci6n, suelo y agua. Medidas espectrales se efectuaron en longitudes de onda correspondientes al intervalo visible verde (0.52-0.60 Rm), visible rojo (0.63-0.69 [Lm), y del infrarrojo cercano (0.76-0.90 [Lm). Los valores de reflectancia variaron significativamente (P = 0.05) entre los parametros de vegetaci6n, suelo y de agua en las tres longitudes de onda. Diferencias de reflectancia entre los tipos de cobertura vegetal se atribuyeron a la coloraci6n variada del follaje y a la densidad de la vegetati6n. Fotografia aerea infrarroja del drea bajo estudio mostr6 que muchos de los tipos surperficiales ecol6gicos pueden ser ficilmente identificados. Una clasificaci6n no supervisada con computadora identific6 ocho clases de capas superficiales. Una evaluaci6n de la clasificaci6n demostr6 una precisi6n total del 88%. Riparian zones and other wildland areas are often too large and inaccessible to determine their characteristics by ground surveys. Remote sensing techniques offer potentially timely, cost effective means of obtaining reliable data for these areas (Tueller, 1982). Color-infrared (CIR) aerial photography has been used extensively to inventory and classify riparian and wildland areas (Bonner, 1981; Tueller, 1982; Carneggie et al., 1983; Everitt and Deloach, 1990; Lonard et al., 1998). Field spectroradiometric light reflectance measurements have been used to distinguish among weed, wetland, and rangeland species (Best et al., 1981; Gausman et al., 1981; Everitt et al., 1986). Reflectance measurements have also been used to distinguish woody plant species (Gausman et al., 1977; Everitt et al., 1989) and related to their tonal responses on CIR aerial photographs. Aerial photographs can be digitized and subjected to computer analysis to quantify ecological cover types within these images (Everitt et al., 1990). The objectives of this study were to: 1) describe reflectance characteristics of major vegetation types, soil, and water in a riparian zone in southern Texas; 2) evaluate large scale CIR aerial photography for distinguishing among This content downloaded from 22.214.171.124 on Mon, 29 Sep 2014 10:50:43 AM All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions 434 The Southwestern Naturalist vol. 47, no. 3 these cover types; and 3) determine potential of computer image processing for automated classification of the area. MATERIALS AND METHODS-This study was conducted near Tilden, in southern Texas. Tilden is located approximately 100 km south of San Antonio in the Rio Grande Plain vegetational region of Texas (Hatch et al., 1990). The study site was a riparian area located on the Frio River in Choke Canyon State Park. The adjacent area is dominated by Tamaulipan thorn shrublands on clayey calcareous soils (Correll and Johnston, 1970). Aerial photography, radiometric reflectance data, computer image analysis, and ground truth observations were conducted for this study. Reflectance measurements were collected to determine the spectral characteristics of plant, soil, and water variables within the study site and to help interpret aerial photography, and ground truth observations were collected to verify interpretations of the aerial imagery. Radiometric measurements were collected from 10 randomly selected plant canopies of each plant species or species mixture, soil, and water surface with a Barnes modular multispectral radiometer (Robinson et al., 1979). Reflectance measurements were obtained on black willow (Salix nigra Marsh.), dryland willow (Baccharis neglecta Britt.), bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.], mixed herbaceous species (MHS)-lush, MHS-moderately stressed, MHS-severely stressed, hydrilla [Hydrilla verticilata (L. F.) Royle], algae (Spirogyra), bare soil, and water. These 10 vegetation, soil, and water surface types were the dominant land cover types in the study area. The area was experiencing drought conditions during this study and consequently, the 3 classes of MHS were observed. Lush MHS were found on the floodplain zone adjacent to the river, and moderately stressed and severely stressed MHS were located on the well drained slopes. Lush MHS were comprised of grasses, sedges, and broad-leaved herbs, whereas moderately stressed and severely stressed MHS were comprised of grasses and broad-leaved herbs. Black willow and dryland willow were the dominant woody plants in the area, and bermudagrass was a dominant herbaceous species. Hydrilla and algae were dominant aquatic plant species in the area. Measurements were obtained from the visible green, visible red, and near-infrared (NIR) spectral bands with a sensor that had a 15-degree fieldof-view placed 1.0 to 1.5 m above each plant, soil, and water target. The area within the sensor fieldof-view ranged from 0.26 to 0.39 m. Reflectance measurements were obtained on 24 June 1998 under sunny conditions between 1100 and 1500 h CST, with some measurements made from a step ladder. Radiometric measurements were corrected to reflectance using a barium sulfate standard. Overhead vertical photographs were obtained of plant canopies, soil, and water measured with the radiometer to help interpret reflectance data. Kodak Aerochrome CIR (0.50 to 0.90 VLm) type 2443 film was used for aerial photographs. Colorinfrared film is sensitive in the visible green (0.50 to 0.60 [Lm), visible red (0.60 to 0.70 [Lm), and NIR (0.70 to 0.90 ptm) spectral regions. Photographs were obtained with a Fairchild type K-37 large-format (23 cm by 23 cm) mapping camera. The camera had an aperture setting of f8 at 1/250 sec and a 305mm lens equipped with a Wratten 15 orange (minus blue) filter. Photographs were obtained on 17 June 1998 at an altitude above ground level of 600 m (scale 1:2,000). Photos (nadir) were acquired under sunny conditions with a Cessna 404 aircraft between 1130 and 1200 h CST. The camera was mounted vertically in a camera port in the floor of the aircraft. A CIR photographic transparency of the study site was scanned and subsequently digitized to perform a computer classification of land cover and an accuracy assessment. A Trimble global positioning system (GPS) Pathfinder Pro XRS system was used in the field to establish control points on the digitized photographic transparency for georeferencing. All image processing was performed using Erdas Imagine software (Version 8.3). The image was subjected to an unsupervised classification using ISODATA (Erdas, Inc., 1997). The ISODATA technique uses minimum spectral distance to assign a cluster for each selected pixel. With a specified number of arbitrary cluster means, the technique repetitively processes them where new means shift toward the means of the clusters in the data. Initially the unsupervised classification created 16 classes at the 99% convergence threshold. Some of the initial classes were combined resulting in 8 final classes. These classes were assigned to major land cover types based on field observations. Classes consisted of black willow, dryland willow, green grass (lush MHS, moderately stressed MHS, and bermudagrass), stressed grass (severely stressed MHS), hydrilla, algae, water, and bare soil/roads. For accuracy assessment of the classification, 150 points were assigned to the 8 classes in a stratified random pattern. The geographic coordinates of these points were determined and the GPS unit was used to navigate to these points in ground truthing. Both a producer's and user's accuracy were calculated. The producer's accuracy (measure of omission error) is the total number of correct points in a class divided by the total number of points of that class as derived from the reference data (ground truthing). The user's accuracy (measure of commission error) is the total number of correct points in a class divided by the total number of points of that class as derived from the classification data (map data). Green, red, and NIR reflectance data were anaThis content downloaded from 188.8.131.52 on Mon, 29 Sep 2014 10:50:43 AM All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions September 2002 Everitt et al.-Remote sensing of a riparian zone 435 TABLE 1-Field light reflectance measurements of 5 plant species, 3 mixtures of plant species, soil, and water at the green, red, and near-infrared wavelengths. Measurements were made in a riparian area along the Frio River near Tilden, Texas in June 1998. Light reflectance (%) for 3 wavelengths Plant species/mixtures, Nearsoil, and water Green Red infrared Black willow 5.6 d' 2.7 f 38.4 b Dryland willow 4.6 e 3.6 e 21.6 de Bermudagrass 6.2


Finite sample properties of two robust tests based on the Cox and encompassing principles are investigated using Monte Carlo simulations. The tests are constructed from generalized method of moments estimators and are robust to heteroskedastic and serially correlated errors of unknown form. Non-nested linear regression models that are estimated by the method of instrumental variables are used in the simulation. Size and power of the tests are found with control parameters which include the degree of serial correlation and heteroskedasticity, the degree of correlation between regressors across models, the degree of correlation between regressors and instrumental variables within models, the error distribution, the sample size and the number of regressors.


On the basis of the Law of Ukraine № 1556-VII of "On Higher Education" from 01.07.2014, passports profession "Electrical engineer in the field of energy supplying company", the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine Resolution № 1392 "On approval of the State standard of basic and full general secondary education" from 23.11.2011, annex 1 to the order № 356 "Regulations on credit-modular system of educational process at the university" on 01.07.2013 proposed training program at the rate of general physics for a specialty 141 "Power.Electronics and electrical engineering". It is shown how the main components should include the content of the course of general physics. Consider what competencies should be developed for students in the preparation of both academic knowledge and the application of them in experimental and project activities. The basic Intra and interdisciplinary communication course in general physics, higher mathematics and special subjects. The structure of the program expands students' horizons and aims at forming highly qualified professionals whocreatively fit to perform their duties.


Through different research projects and other endeavours, many authors have been emphasizing in recent years the importance of the student�s role in the assessment process, for example, by means of self-assessment or peer assessment. Here the use of self-assessment is analyzed and described, but within a context of blended learning utilizing information and communications technologies (ICTS), with the aim of expanding the usefulness and feasibility of self-assessment at the university level. Firstly, the conceptual framework on which this research is based is introduced. The focus is on two fundamental topics: student participation in the assessment process and the use of technologies in the assessment process. As a relevant contribution, the authors present the facilitating role that can be played by assessment units designed with the LAMS platform (the Learning Activity Management System, part of the Virtual Campus) in order to incorporate students� e-self assessments into the university teaching/learning process. Secondly, the research results are presented. They take the form of case studies structured around the different issues raised in the questionnaires used to implement e-assessment: knowledge and previous resources, contributions to assessment tasks, interesting topics raised, challenges for expanding and learning, and workload. Conclusions about the use of e-self-assessment in higher education are presented. Stress is laid on the fact that e-self-assessment promotes active participation by students and also implies an exercise in self-regulation and critical reflection about one�s degree of knowledge and development of skills. Lastly, some limitations detected in the process of this research are considered, and outlooks are presented that enable research in this context to be continued.


The hypothesis that aging of articular chondrocytes at a cellular level results from loss of DNA repair capability was studied by two different measures: unscheduled DNA synthesis (UDS) and O/sup 6/-methylguanine acceptor protein (MGAP) activity. UDS following damage by 254 nm ultraviolet irradiation (20J/m/sup 2/) was examined in intact articular cartilage from rabbits of different ages. Semiconservative DNA synthesis was suppressed with hydroxurea and repair followed by the incorporation of (/sup 3/H)-thymidine ((/sup 3/H)-dThd). After repair the cartilage was digested in proteinase K (0.5mg/ml) with dodecyl sodium sulfate (0.2%) and DNA determined with Hoechst 33258 dye. UDS (dpm (/sup 3/H)-dThd/..mu..g DNA) was greater in articular cartilage from 3- than 39-month-old rabbits. MGAP was studied in cell extracts of cultured human and rabbit chondrocytes by transfer of (/sup 3/H) O/sup 6/-methyl groups from exogenous DNA to protein. It was significantly less in rabbit than in human cells on a per protein or DNA basis. There was no decline in this activity in human chondrocytes from newborn to 60 years of age; and rabbits from 3- to 36-months-old. The data indicate that in the two different repair mechanisms, age differences are found with resting but not dividing chondrocytes.


The thesis analyzed four types of the defects at thought in reportage,non-thinking-reports,narrow or plain-thinking-reports,experienced-thinking-reports and imitating-thinking-reports. As a solution, the creative thinking should be used in the process of reporting. By means of improving the ability of thinking of reporter, the quality of reportage could be improved radically.


You are invited to participate in a research study of what constitutes a good, or bad, proof text. You were selected as a possible participant because of your response to requests for participants in this study. We ask that you read this form and ask any questions you may have before agreeing to be in the study. Background Information: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the quality and readability of a variety of proof texts. This study is part of a research project to build an automatic system that translates formal, computer-generated proofs into natural language proofs.


The sections in this article are

Biofilm Formation
Corrosion Promoting Mechanisms
Sulfur, Sulfate and Thiosulfate Reduction
Practical Aspects
Sulfur/Sulfide Oxidation
Metal-oxidizing Bacteria
Metal-reducing Bacteria
Acid-producing Organisms
Slime-producing Bacteria
Corrosion Inhibiting Mechanisms


Abstract One of the current international trends in educational reform is the devolution of decision-making powers from central government to school level. This trend is related to a move towards institutional autonomy, the so-called site-based (i.e. school-based) management of institutions, which refers to the issue of self-management of the institution. School-based management is no longer an option but, rather, a reality in South African education. Legislation and policy documents all point South Africa firmly towards a school-based system of education management. The new policy framework for decentralised decision-making is also embedded in the South African Schools Act 84 of 1996. This enables each school in South Africa to renew its management in a responsible and effective way. In spite of its widespread implementation, school-based management has locally received only moderate attention in terms of stakeholder participation and the impact of stakeholder values on the school-based management process. In response to this, this article is an attempt to incorporate a strategy to conceptualise stakeholder participation in school-based management and assess the impact of stakeholder values on the school-based management process. This philosophical review of the literature on school-based management also aims at raising and answering some of the questions about stakeholder participation and stakeholder values in school-based management in South Africa, where educational reform is the norm rather than the exception.


In this study, C. perfringens strains isolated from healthy and diseased sheep were analysed by mul- tiplex PCR in order to to detect the presence of the alpha, beta, epsilon, iota and enterotoxin genes. C. perfringens was isolated from 52 of 104 sheep with enterotoxemia signs and from 61 of 194 clinically healthy sheep. Genotyp- ing of 52 strains from diseased sheep indicated that 33 (64%) were type A, 11 (21%) type D and 8 (15%) type C. Of 61 strains from healthy sheep, 58 (95%) were type A and 3 (5%) type D. The other types of C. perfringens were not detected, and none of the isolates contained the enterotoxin gene. This result indicates that the enterotoxin of C. perfringens does not play the important role in the occurence of enterotoxemia in sheep.


Abstract : Measurements have been made of the static pressure distribution on the wall around a circular jet exhausting normally from one wall of a wind tunnel into the mainstream flow through the tunnel. The measurements show the way in which the pressure distributions vary with the ratio of jet to free-stream velocity and also show the regions on the wall which contribute most to the overall suction force on the wall. These overall suction forces are shown to be of the right order of magnitude to account for the lift loss observed on models of direct jet lift VTOL aircraft. Theoretical work on the problem is briefly discussed and it is shown that a particularly simple model of the flow which has previously been suggested on a number of occasions is not really adequate. Some details of an alternative model which is proving more successful are given. (Author)


The telecommunications industry is software-intensive, requiring code for carriers, service providers, and equipment manufacturers. Fully two-thirds of the budget for switch development, one-half of the budgets for transmission and all a network management budget go to various aspects of code production. Many analyses of project failures and published opinions of experts conclude that the more closely a project can hew to traditional engineering principles to produce a software product, the more likely it will be to succeed. Executives who expect to see risk analysis, correct estimations, market research, and quality control in any well-run project do not see software professionals behaving like engineers. There is an ongoing crisis of mutual misunderstanding about the importance of disciplined software engineering. The latest approaches of extreme programming are being rapidly adopted in the telecommunications industry to speed product development. In too many cases this results in unreliable software in the network.

The nature of the telecommunications business is complex, with layers on historical layers of reasons why decisions were made the way they were in order to accommodate tremendous variation in equipment and local usage. In addition, the problem-domain understanding is difficult for new people to acquire. Problems facing telecommunications software engineers are discussed in detail, Software engineering practices are detailed.

Keywords:

problems;
telecommunications software;
network;
software quality;
comparisons;
practices;
software architecture;
service;
failure;
software engineers


The results of the experimental investigation of magnetic influence on the mobility of edge dislocations in single KCl:Ca crystals are presented. It is established that in MF both starting stress and activation volume of point defects change. MF leads to an increase in dislocation motion intensity at the first stage of deformation.


OBJECTIVE
To compare simultaneous integrated boost and sequential boost after conventional irradiation in breast-conserving therapy in aspect of late effects and cosmetic results.

MATERIAL AND METHOD
Between August 2006 and June 2007, 60 breasts were treated in this prospective nonrandomized study, designed to compare simultaneous integrated boost (additional 10 Gy/25F) and sequential boost (15 Gy/5F) to the tumor bed in terms of late effects and cosmetic results at 7-month and 3-year follow-up. Pearson Chi-square test was used, with an a-value of 0.05.

RESULTS
Hyper/hypopigmentation and induration/fibrosis were commonly seen at 7-months follow-up (p = 0.84 and 0.83, respectively). The cosmetic results were good or excellent.

CONCLUSION
Although the present study included a small number of patients and short follow-up time, the preliminary results were comparable between the study groups.


Introduction The earliest recorded use of pneumoarthrography of the knee was made by Werndorff and Robinson (1) in 1904, and although numerous studies of the method have been made since that time, it has not achieved widespread popularity as a diagnostic procedure, for several reasons: In the first place, the method requires extensive experience so that a good technic may be developed and film studies can be accurately interpreted. Most reported series of cases in this country have been small, and the accumulated experience of any one man has been limited. In the second place, there has been some misunderstanding regarding the inherent danger of the method. Kleinberg (2) has reported the occurrence of air embolus, but in that instance adequate precautions were not taken to make certain that the needle was not in a blood vessel. Actually, this danger is inherent in any subcutaneous or intramuscular injection if such precautions are neglected. In over 800 pneumoarthrographic studies we have had not a single...


The effects of organizational citizenship behavior on the organizational performance has been actively studied. In this study, however, we have examined the negative aspects of involuntary citizenship behavior, Received (July 19, 2017), Review Result (August 2, 2017) Accepted (August 9, 2017), Published (October 31, 2017) 1 Dept. of Business, Soongsil University., 369 Sangdo-Ro, Dongjak-Gu, Seoul, Korea email: email@example.com Dept. of Business, Soongsil University., 369 Sangdo-Ro, Dongjak-Gu, Seoul, Korea email: firstname.lastname@example.com (Corresponding Author)Dept. of Business, Soongsil University., 369 Sangdo-Ro, Dongjak-Gu, Seoul, Korea email: email@example.com. Negative Effects of Involuntary Organizational Citizenship Behavior on Job Satisfaction and Moderating Effect of Psychological Contract Violation Copyright c 2017 HSST 60 which is carried out by the obsessions and pressures of workers from firms, in order to enhance corporate performance. If organizational citizenship behavior occurs in an involuntary manner, the burden on the workers will be increased and the organizational performance will be reduced. And when the members voluntarily work, the organizational performance and job satisfaction decreases. Second, organizational citizenship behaviors are behaviors outside the role of members of the organization. However, workers are stressed when they are forced to act outside these roles. And if the members feel psychological contract violations here, the degree of this stress is greater and the decline in job satisfaction levels is amplified. This study examines the effects of involuntary citizenship behavior on job satisfaction through empirical analysis and demonstrates the moderating effect of psychological contract violations. Involuntary citizenship behavior will reduce the degree of satisfaction with the job, and psychological contract violations will increase these negative effects. Therefore, it is necessary to understand the negative role of violation of psychological contracts and involuntary citizenship behavior in order to improve organizational performance and try to reduce it.


Abstract : Salient problems and recent progress in the study of lattice defects in ionic solids were covered by excellent tutorial reviews and numerous contributed papers. This Report gives a general overview of the meeting and briefly summarizes a large fraction of the papers. (Author)


Once considered the province of "New Age" groups, the self-esteem movement has been catapulted into the American mainstream, with a California task force and other groups now claiming that raising self-esteem is the panacea for social ills from alcoholism to poor grades and poverty.In this wide-ranging and strikingly original book, William Swann not only dissects the mistaken assumptions that underlie current self-esteem programs, but also incisively analyzes the nature of self-worth and the "self-traps" that make achieving and sustaining a sense of self-esteem so difficult.Drawing on more than a decade of research, much of it his own, Swann reveals the surprising regularity with which people suffering from low self-esteem gravitate to relationships in which they are denigrated or abused. Swann shows how such people are caught in a crossfire of conflicting desires for praise and for confirmation of their negative self-views. He persuasively argues that our feelings of self-worth can only be understood as part of a larger, intricate dynamic involving society as well as the self.Not a self-help book, Resilient Identities offers a fascinating, controversial exploration of how self-esteem conflicts develop and are played out in all of our relationships. And it discusses what we can do to encourage and sustain feelings of self-worth in our society.


A modified basis expansion (BE) model of time-varying channels is introduced. Based on this channel model, an equalization algorithm of time-varying channels for time-domain synchronization (TDS) OFDM systems is proposed. By simulation, the model accuracy is verified and the bit-error-ratio (BER) of the equalization algorithm is compared with those of the existing algorithms using self-correlation of pseudo-noise (PN) sequences or linear interpolation. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm can perfectly restrain the influences of the multi-path interferences and the Doppler frequency shifts. The BER performance is remarkably improved and the radio channels can be effectively equalized in the 250km/h mobile circumstances.


The conformity of the Romanian accounting system to the European and international accounting rules also implies the accounting policies as a crucial element in the development and presentation of financial statements, which must include relevant and reliable information in condition to meet the needs of various user groups in decision making. Accounting policies are circumscribed to the primary objective of accounting, that of providing a fair image of financial position and performance of reporting entities. This paper intends to approach accounting policies in relation to national and international regulatory framework, the desirable way in which they should be present in public institutions in our country, the reality regarding the incorporation in the financial statements of accounting policies applied to local territorial administrative units, the identification of convergences and differences in the perception and practical implementation of normative theoretical framework regarding "principles, conventions, rules and practices applied by an entity in preparing and presenting financial statements".


Activated sludge systems are frequently used in wastewater treatment plant. This process is the most suitable and studied system. However, several problems are being always detected, such as filamentous bulking. Filamentous bulking is typically caused by an overabundance of filamentous organisms that interfere with the settling and compaction process. This phenomenon can be studied and related with settling parameters by automated image analysis using different microscopy acquisitions. However, by using these standard image analysis procedures some relevant information about the state of the sludge is enclosed. Conventional routines, using monochrome images are not suitable to detect the filamentous bacteria which are gram‐positive or gram‐negative. Moreover, the traditional image acquisition methodologies are not capable to detect both viable and damaged bacteria present within the sludge. Presently, the gram‐stain evaluation is performed by visual inspection and manual counting using a microscope which is a tedious procedure. Also, to overcome the lack of viability information, an epifluorescence staining method composed with two nucleic acid‐binding stains can be used. For this study, a lab‐scale activated sludge reactor was monitored during 100 days through image analysis information and the operational parameters were modified inducing filamentous bulking. Morphological changes were investigated by using new acquisition methods such as epifluorescence staining LIVE/DEAD® BacLightTM Bacterial Viability Kit, the LIVE BacLightTM Bacterial Gram Stain Kit and the traditional bright field. The overall results revealed an improvement of the sludge morphological characterisation, combining these new image analysis procedures with the conventional routines.


Firms that perform work on contract to others often estimate their sales by assigning a probability of award to each potential contract, finding the expected value of each contract and then summing these expected values. Our methodology provides a complete probability distribution around the company sales forecast mean with no further data input than that required to obtain the expected value. The full distribution more realistically portrays business prospects, and allows planners and decision makers to engage in more sophisticated probabilistic forecasting and alternatives analysis. The methodology has been programmed for the computer, and modified to allow for rapid and inexpensive calculation of both sales award and operating sales distributions for a large number of contracts.


ABSTRACT In Mexico, black bear (Ursus americanus) is an endangered species. Human invasion of its habitat has provoked a change in its foraging behavior. Human–black bear interactions (HBIs) occur in a variety of locations and create conflict. Spatial information can predict the probabilities of interaction and identify environmental variables. We implemented ecological niche models to identified areas with high probability of HBI. Results indicated that the occurrence of interactions was related to submontane scrub, forest, and urban zones. Verification was carried out in the field, which confirmed the high performance and accuracy of the probability model.


High flow polyamide of the invention relates to the impregnation of the reinforcing material in the form of industrial fabrics used for the manufacture of composite materials. Field of the art The present invention is a composite material and method.


Public education has options with regard to educational settings and structures. States and school districts may select varying lengths for the school year, the school day, and individual class periods. For example, one option for the length of individual class periods is the schedule type selected to teach mathematics Algebra I classes. In Utah, one measure of students' achievement is the score on the state's end-of-level criterion-referenced test (CRT) for Algebra I. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between student achievement, as indicated by Algebra I CRT scores, and the schedule type used to deliver Algebra I classes. The schedule types compared in this study were: traditional, trimester 3/3, trimester 2/3, and block A/B. The research questions focused on relationships between the schedule types and student scores on Utah's CRT for Algebra I. Data were obtained from the Utah State Office of Education and included the scores for over 40,000 students, from over 300 different schools, who took the identical Algebra I CRT at the end of the same school year. Data were also obtained from each school district to determine the schedule type of each participating student. A multinomial logistic regression analysis and a t-test analysis were conducted to determine relationships between Algebra I CRT scores and schedule types. The results indicated significant differences in student achievement based on the schedule type overall and for individual grade levels. Generally, the earlier the grade level, the higher the CRT score. Within individual grade levels, there were statistically significant and non-significant differences. The schedule types that were generally related to higher Algebra I CRT scores were those where students spent more time in the mathematics classroom and where students' mathematics classes met daily. The results suggest the value of daily time spent in the mathematics classroom and may assist educators when considering options for school structures in mathematics that foster student achievement.


In this paper, we introduce a generalization of a cone b-metric space and to demonstrate the usefulness we prove some fixed point theorems of contraction type mappings in the generalized cone b-metric space.


The literature on the Eontgen rays lias during the past few years reached very large proportions. Until recently it has been somewhat inaccessible, existing either in stray articles or in the form of atlases which do not aim at completeness. That part of the work relating to fractures Mr. Carl Beck has gathered together and presented in the form of a systematic treatise. Before the discovery of the rays, our knowledge of fractures was dependent largely upon dissections made on the cadaver, and consequently our treatment of any case could only be carried out on the supposition that it resembled more or less some previous one in which


Waterlogging decreased accumulation of K + , Ca 2+ , Mg 2+ , NO 3 - and PO 4 3- but increased that of Na + and Fe 2+ in the root, stem and leaves of jute ( Corchorus capsularis L.) . It increased the accumulation of sugar and proline contents but decreased that of protein as well as dry weight. The effect of waterlogging on ion transport, accumulation of metabolites and dry weight was discussed. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjb.v42i1.15864 Bangladesh J. Bot. 42 (1): 55-63, 2013 (June)


Phenotypic plasticity is an important mechanism that allows populations to adjust to changing environments. Plastic responses induced by early life experiences can have lasting impacts on how individuals respond to environmental variation later in life (i.e., reversible plasticity). Developmental environments can also influence repeatability of plastic responses thereby altering the capacity for reaction norms to respond to selection. Here, we compared metabolic thermal reaction norms in lizards (Lampropholis delicata) that were incubated at two developmental temperatures (ncold = 26, nhot = 25). We repeatedly measured individual reaction norms across six acute temperatures 10 times over ~3.5 months (nobs = 3,818) to estimate the repeatability of average metabolic rate (intercept) and thermal plasticity (slope). The intercept and the slope of the population-level thermal reaction norm did not change with developmental temperatures. Repeatability of average metabolic rate was, on average, 10% lower in hot incubated lizards and was stable across acute temperatures. The slope of the reaction norm was moderately repeatable (R = 0.44, 95% CI = 0.035 – 0.93) suggesting that individual metabolic rate changed consistently with acute temperature, although credible intervals were quite broad. Importantly, reaction norm repeatability did not depend on early developmental temperature. Our work implies that thermal plasticity has the capacity to evolve, despite there being less consistent variation in metabolic rate under hot environments. This capacity for thermal plasticity to evolve will be increasingly more important for terrestrial ectotherms living in changing climate.


Net primary productivity(NPP) is one of important components in global change and carbon cycle research. In order to estimate NPP in Changbaishan Natural Reserve in China accurately,we corrected BEPS(boreal ecosystem productivity simulator) in accidented terrain. In original BEPS,only flat terrain is considered,which is suitable to Canada. While in China,it's hilly. The simulated accuracy using BEPS will not be very high. According to the differences of accepting solar radiance in different pixels,BEPS is revised theoretically. For the validation of the topographic corrected BEPS,ETM+ image(30m resolution) is selected in Changbaishan Natural Reserve. Run the original and corrected BEPS,two NPP results are got. Contrast them with field data,the result of topographic corrected BEPS is better than that of original BEPS,and the correlation coefficients are 0.929 57 and 0.916 59,the average arithmetical errors are 44.2gC/(m25a) and 62.8gC/(m25a) respectively. It is an improvement for BEPS in theory.


Data mining techniques can be used to analyze the pattern of data in different fields. Based on the analyses' results recommendations can be made to decision making authorities. The data mining techniques can be used in educational domain to improve the outcome of the educational sectors. In this paper the authors have carried out research study by devising an algorithm and tool to determine students' course knowledge level using data mining techniques. This helps the faculty and students to take necessary remedial actions to improve performance in courses.


The general situation in mining area is introduced.The feasibility of anchor net support is analyzed.The practice proves it has many advanteges in production and has good benefit.


EMMA is a framework designed to create a family of configurable software systems, with emphasis on extensibility and flexibility. It is based on a loosely coupled, event driven architecture. The EMMA framework has been built upon the premise of composing software systems from independent components. It opens up opportunities for reuse of components and their functionality and composing them together in many different ways. It provides the developer of test and measurement applications with a lightweight alternative to microservices, while sharing their various advantages, including composability, loose coupling, encapsulation, and reuse.


The present invention discloses a method for biological preservation boiled bamboo shoots, follow these steps: (1) material selection; (2) cooking, cooling; (3) peel, shaping; (4) rinsing, canning; (5) sterilization, sealing; (6) storage, the (5), sterilization, sealing is charged to a biological preservative shoots tank, filled with boiling water, steam pressure will shoot into the tank pressure tank 2kg / cm2 of 2 hours retort sterilization, retort sterilization in the open tank injection pressure during the boiling water 3-4 times to shoot the tank, each injection interval 2-3 minutes, sealed and then shoots the tank, the outer surface will be cooled shoots flush tank clean, coated with oil ash in the seal. The present invention also discloses a method for producing a biological preservative boiled bamboo shoots in the application, component: chitosan, phytic acid, ethanol, the remainder being water. The beneficial effects that energy conservation; consolidate sterilization function, to ensure that the taste and color of fresh bamboo shoots.


Abstract Past studies have shown that conflict in teams is inevitable and even desirable for enhancing team performance. Conflict occurs due to perceived or real differences in teams and is often magnified by demographic and functional diversity. Given that software development teams reflect both types of diversity, it is important to investigate the impact of team conflict on critical team outcomes such as knowledge sharing. The results of the study show that while task conflicts impact knowledge sharing positively, only moderate levels of relationship conflict is good for knowledge sharing. Both high and low levels of relationship conflicts are not conducive for knowledge sharing. Further, high levels of relationship conflicts moderate the direct impacts of task conflicts on knowledge sharing adversely, while low levels of relationship conflicts magnify the impact of task conflicts on knowledge sharing. The complex interactions between task conflict, relationship conflict and knowledge sharing have useful implications for both practice and future research.


It is found that displacement and squeezing of arbitrary initial states of the field can be produced in the model of a lossless cavity when a large number of two-level atoms is injected, which are prepared in a superposition state coupled to the single mode via a multi-photon transition under the weak atom-field interaction. The dependence of the field density matrix elements on the number of injected atoms indicates that due to the same initial atomic coherence the emission of individual atoms is a co-operative process.


One peculiarity of the construction sector is that each construction site represents a unique workplace. The specific characteristics of the site affect risk generation and its evolution. However, available risk assessment tools do not capture the specificities of construction sites that may affect risk, because they only focus on assessing identified risks from a predefined hierarchy of events. This paper proposes a new ''site risk" concept that is defined as the risk associated to the whole construction site that is generated by having together different elements which individually affect risk. Potential risk synergies may exist and they only can be captured adopting the construction site as unit of analysis. In doing so, a new CONstruction Site Risk Assessment Tool (CONSRAT) is presented. This is done considering also both organizational structure and resources jointly with material conditions. The tool was used to assess 150 construction sites in order to obtain convergent and internal validity evidences. Another validated tool was used as external criterion: the Qualitative Occupational Safety Risk Assessment Model (QRAM). Results provide adequate validity evidences for both the internal structure and the expected relationships with the external criterion. CONSRAT design and complete instructions for its use are described. As a unique contribution, CONSRAT adopts a new site risk approach to assess the main live conditions, complexity factors and organizational structure characteristics which are related to construction site risk. 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.


This work proposes a band selection filter (BSF) for a fully integrated ultra-wideband (UWB) 3.1–10.6 GHz/Ku band 11.8–14.8 GHz dual-band low-noise amplifier (LNA) in 0.13 µm CMOS technology. Detailed analysis and design criteria of the proposed BSF and wideband LNA are given. The operating frequency band can be selected by the transistor Mn between its off and on states. The BSF is designed, analysed and fabricated in a 0.18 µm CMOS process to verify its feasibility. The BSF has a minimum insertion loss of 0.7/2.9 dB for a low-pass and high-pass filter, and an input-referred IP3 (IIP3) exceeding 20/33 dBm in the off and on states. The measured performance of the switched LNA in UWB band achieves a maximum power gain of 12.3 dB and a 1-dB bandwidth of 2–10.5 GHz, a minimum noise figure (NF) of 4.9 dB and an IIP3 of −16.7 dBm. In Ku band, the measured performance are a maximum power gain of 10.7 dB with a 1-dB bandwidth of 11.5–13.5 GHz, a minimum NF of 5.7 dB and an IIP3 of −16.1 dBm. The dual-band LNA consumes a DC dissipation power of 14.3 mW from a 1.1 V supply voltage. The chip area, excluding pads, is only 0.35 mm2.