The electronic structure and geometry of (n = 1−6) have been studied at the B3LYP and ab initio levels. We find that the ground state of W(CO)+ is linear with a sextet spin state, that a linear sextet and a bent quartet are nearly degenerate for and that doublet states are unambiguously the ground states of to Successive (CO)n-1W+−CO binding energies have been computed to be larger than any of those previously determined for other transition metals. We compare our results with available experimental data. Electron transfers are very important:  (i) σ donation from the CO's to the metal is found to be more favorable when involving 5d rather than 6p leading to a preference for the bent rather than linear structures for (n = 2−4); (ii) π back-donation plays a crucial role in shaping these molecules. These effects provide the driving force for the spin changes as the number of ligands increases. Spin lowering is associated with an increasing number of doubly rather than singly occupied 5dπ metal orbitals, whi...


End-stage coxarthrosis is a hip joint disease which creates severe pain and movement constraints. To analyze the effectiveness of the inclusion of post-isometric relaxation in conservative treatment 34 patients with stage III coxarthrosis were examined. The study used: ВАШ, algofunctional Leken index, Harris test, McGill and WOMAC questionnaires. The inclusion of post-isometric relaxation techniques reduce pain syndrome (2.5 times) and improve (2.1 times) the functional activity of the joint.


The evolution of electronic structure across the actinide series is unique in the periodic table. At the beginning of the series the 5f electrons are clearly in involved in bonding and are well described by band theory; beyond Pu, however, localization occurs and magnetic and other physical properties indicate a transition to atomic-like behavior has taken place. In the valence-band photoemission spectra this change is manifested by the recession of 5f spectral weight from the Fermi energy and the appearance of multiplet structure. The latter results from the coupling of electron spin and angular momentum in the 5f-ionized final state. The situation is in principle analogous to 4f photoemission in the lanthanides which are well understood, and for which the final-state multiplet intensities can be calculated accurately from atomic theory. Similar calculations have been carried out for the actinides, but to date the only opportunity for comparison with experiment has been Am. The structure observed here was not consistent with that expected for a 5f6-to-5f5 photo-emission process prompting the proposal that the surface layer is actually divalent (5f7) and exhibits a slightly different binding energy than atoms in the bulk. The observed spectrum is then the sum of three contributions. Both the tunability and resolution provided by an XUV-FEL would be immensely beneficial in sorting out problems of this kind. Being able to change the photon energy at which spectra are obtained allows controlling the escape depth of the photoelectrons and hence the relative contributions from the bulk and surface atoms. The increased resolution of an FEL over even He resonance sources could well reveal additional multiplet structure, further simplifying the analysis.


. The ecological footprint model was used in this paper to evaluate the sustainable development status of Baotou City by calculating the ecological footprint, ecological carrying capacity and ecological deficit/surplus in 2018. The results showed that: (1) In 2018, the per capita ecological footprint of Baotou City was 1.11506 ha, the per capita ecological carrying capacity was 0.8371 ha. There is 0.2780 ha ecological deficit, which is in a fragile and unsustainable development state; (2) The demand for farmland, grassland and fossil energy land is large, but the carrying capacity of grassland is limited; (3) Coking coal, raw coal and coal washing, account for 99% of the energy demand footprint; Residents' needs of dairy and meat in the diet structure makes the demand of the grassland to achieve total footprint almost a third; (4) The fossil energy land, construction land and water footprint per capita ranked higher, and footprint is greater than the carrying capacity; Regional sustainability is weak, and need adjust the structure of energy consumption, residents' diet, control of urban sprawl to guarantee the sustainable development of city.


The instability of the lower oxidation states of tungsten has been of considerable interest in recent investigations.

One of the compounds which has been extensively investigated is K3[W2Cl9]. The present work was undertaken in order to determine the multiplicity of the tungsten-tungsten bond from infrared absorption and magnetic data.


A procedure was developed to separate capsaicinoids from Capsicum Oleoresin and Capsicum. Capsicum Oleoresin was extracted with 70% methanol, the extract was then evaporated to nearly dryness and was extracted with ethyl acetate. The ethyl acetate solution obtained was evaporated to dryness; the oily residue was dissolved in 0.5% NaOH solution and then was neutralized with HCl. The solution obtained was extracted with ethyl acetate again, after evaporation, the oily residue was then processed by 0.5% NaOH and HCl again. Finally, the solution obtained was extracted with hexane at 40℃, and pure capsaicinoids was obtained by crystallization from the hexane portions at 4℃. Pure capsaicinoids were obtained from Capsicum using similar method. The purity of capsaicinoids meets the requirements of medicine.


Cold forging processes in production engineering enable a high material utilization with a considerable energy and resource efficiency. In such processes, liquid and solid lubricants are commonly used to reduce the friction between forming tools and workpieces. However, using of lubricants in tribological cold forging processes is unfavorable to economic, ecological and legislative perspectives. To overcome disadvantages of lubricants and conduct lubricant-free cold forging, the physical vapor deposition (PVD) technology for coating of metal forming tools can be applied. Such coatings contain soft and hard constituents. Self-lubricating systems such as MoS2 will be applied as soft constituents. Furthermore, incorporation of MoS2 into the hard matrixes such as (Cr1-xAlx)N is required, in order to increase the life time of coated tools under high tribological loads in dry cold forging. In the presented work, self-lubricating coatings in system (Cr1-xAlx)N+MoSy with two different nitrogen contents for the application in dry cold forging of steel were investigated. The coatings were deposited on tool steel X155CrMoV12 (DIN 1.2379, AISI D2) using a hybrid technology, consisting of direct current and high power pulse magnetron sputtering dcMS/HPPMS in an industrial scale PVD unit. In order to investigate the distribution of coating thickness s along the length of complex-shaped forging tools Ltool, an experimental tool was designed and the aspect ratio s/Ltool was determined. The coating and substrate/coating compound properties were investigated. Tribological model tests were conducted using a pin-on-disc (PoD) tribometer, which simulates dry contacts in cold forging. The analyses were performed using pins made of 16MnCr5 (DIN 1.7131, AISI 5115) and included the determination of friction coefficients. Furthermore, contact region was studied by Raman spectroscopy after the tribological tests. Based on the results, the coating system (Cr1-xAlx)N+MoSy exhibits a high potential for application in dry cold forging of steel. Moreover, an increase of nitrogen content in the coatings leads to an enhancement of adhesion strength between substrate and coating and the tribological behavior of the coated tools against 1.7131.


From the Publisher:
Exam 70-216, Implementing & Administering a Microsoft Windows 2000 Network Infrastructure, measures your ability to install, manage, monitor, configure, and troubleshoot DNS, DHCP, Remote Access, network protocols, IP routing, and WINS in a Windows 2000 network. Designed for current MCPs or MCSEs and network professionals with at least a year of experience, this self-study Training Guide is organized according to the actual exam objectives, equipping you with the knowledge you need to pass the exam. Each book in the best-selling Training Guide series undergoes a stringent review process, including at least two industry experts who serve as technical reviewers -- ensuring the books are accurate, comprehensive, and the ultimate resource for your exam-preparation needs.


The appearance of the ships with remarkably bad maneuverability became a problem in the late 198 げ s . To elinlinate the bad maneuverability ships , IMO adopted which prescribed for minimum revjew standard was carried out . As a part of the review work , a simulator study the ship with different performance ships carried Qut to examine the course performance , and to examine rationality of the standard . The simulatQr study was performed in the west of the Kurushima Strait and experienced pilots evaluated the ship handling difficulty of each ship . The recorded simulator data was also analysed to examine indices , which express the relation between ship maneuverability performance and subjective ratings of ship handling difficulty , Ahigh corre 】 ation was the relationship between the subjective handling difficulty and the spiral loop width and the rate of counter rudder 亡 confirmed that spiral width and the rate rudder are the sublective evaluation , we concluded


563 Background: Recent studies show a higher incidence of nuclear perfusion defects in left vs. right-side irradiated patients. This study compares the late incidence of myocardial perfusion defects in left vs. right-side RT for breast cancer.

METHODS
The medical records of patients treated from 1977-1990 for stage I-II breast cancer were reviewed for results of stress tests. A total of 17 right and 23 left-side patients presented with chest pain and underwent either stress echocardiogram (5), exercise (30), or pharmacological (5) SPECT Tc-99m sestimibi testing.

RESULTS
Univariate analysis showed that left-side RT was significantly correlated with perfusion defects (p=0.008). Time since RT, age at RT, use of any chemotherapy at diagnosis or subsequently, use of any cardiotoxic chemotherapy, use of any tamoxifen, smoking history, and family cardiac history did not significantly correlate with perfusion defects (all p≥0.11). Based on the Framingham model (Grundy, J Am Coll Cardiol 1999), both left and right-side patients had the same risk of developing coronary artery disease at 10 and 20 years post-RT (7% and 11%, respectively). At 10 year follow-up there was no significant difference in the incidence of perfusion defects in left vs. right-side patients (8.7% vs. 0%, p=0.50). However, at 20 year follow-up there was a trend towards a higher incidence of defects in left vs. right-side patients (79% vs. 40%, p=0.26), and a higher percentage of left-side patients had perfusion defects than predicted (79% vs. 11%, p<0.0001). Furthermore, 10 of the 14 left-side perfusion defects were in the left anterior descending artery territory. The percentage of perfusion defects in right-side patients was also higher than predicted, although not significant (p=0.097).

CONCLUSIONS
Stress testing in irradiated breast cancer patients demonstrates an excess of very late cardiac perfusion defects in left-side patients. [Figure: see text] No significant financial relationships to disclose.


We presented the fabrication of both U-doped and (Ce, U) co-doped YAG transparent ceramics by the vacuum sintering method for neutron detection, which has not been seen in literature to date. The microstructure and optical property of the samples were investigated. Tetravalent was found to be the only valence state of U in YAG under high vacuum and with Ca(NO3)2·4H2O as the sintering aid. No pores and a second phase were found in Ce0.2,U0.2:YAG ceramics, and the grain size is uniform and of micron scale. The in-line transmittance of U0.2:YAG and Ce0.2,U0.2:YAG ceramics were measured to be as high as 79.04% and 80.24% in the visible light region, respectively. The results indicate that this material would be a promising candidate for the potential applications of neutron detection.


Oral contraceptives rarely induce choreatic movement disorders. The mechanism involved is unknown. We have studied 5 cases of this disorder in patients receiving both low- and high-estrogen-containing contraceptives. All were nulliparous young (average age 19 years) and symptomatic shortly (average 5 weeks) after initiation of contraceptive therapy. 2 patients had previously suffered an episode of Sydenham chorea 1 had experienced chorea in the course of Henoch-Schonlein purpura and the remaining 2 had a history of congenital cyanotic heart disease in the absence of chorea. Residual neurologic abnormalities included mild chorea in 2 patients and hemiatrophy in 1 patient. Central dopaminergic mechanisms are felt to underlie some choreatic movement disorders. The role of female sex hormones was studied in an animal model of chorea; apomorphine and d-amphetamine induced behavioral stereotype. Relative to controls oophorectomized guinea pigs demonstrated significantly (p < 0.01) reduction in behavioral responses to both direct and indirect dopamine agonists. Chronic treatment of oophorectomized animals with estradiol valerate (25 mcg/kg) or progesterone (1.3 mg/kg) restored to behavioral response to apomorphine to control values and enhanced the behavioral response to d-amphetamine control values and enhanced the behavioral response to d-amphetamine above that of controls (p < 0.05). We suggest that contraceptive induced chorea may ultimately rely on a central dopaminergic mechanism.(FULL-TEXT)


A REVIEW IS PRESENTED OF REGULATIONS GOVERNING HIGHWAYS IN SPAIN FROM THE MIDDLE AGES TO THE 1974 LAW. THE AUTHOR EXAMINES PRESENT LEGISLATION CONCERNING THE INFLUENCE ZONES OF THE ROAD FOR CONVENTIONAL ROADS AND FOR MOTORWAYS (REST AND SERVICE AREAS, MAINTENANCE AND OPERATION AREAS). ATTENTION IS DRAWN TO THE LIMITATIONS AND INTERDICTIONS OF ERECTING BUILDINGS, PUTTING UP PUBLICITY EXHIBITS, PLANTING VEGETATION, AND TO THE SPECIAL CONDITIONS IN FORCE FOR THE CROSSING OF TOWNS AND URBAN NETWORKS. MENTION IS ALSO MADE OF THE RESPECTIVE COMPETENCES OF THE LOCAL AUTHORITIES AND CENTRAL GOVERNMENT AS REGARDS THE GRANTING OF PERMITS.


The object of this essay is the study and analysis of the electrical phenomena that accompany the discharges of lightning strikes. Our target is to examine both the establishing conditions necessary for the appearance of lightning strikes and the influence of the latter on the electrical systems during their striking on or close to them. More precisely, this paper scans the effects of lightning strikes in the operation and safety of electrical systems and assesses the relevant risks posed by this phenomenon for the life of humans or animals. The present paper is structured as follows: The first chapter talks about the installation standards of a lightning protection system and the labor contracts, components that both must be fully observed. The second chapter points out the main properties of lightnings, according to which the respective electro-protection facilities will be appropriately selected. The third chapter deals with the issue of the design, inspection and maintenance of lightning protection systems. The fourth, fifth and sixth chapter refers correspondingly to the technical features, the implementation of external/internal lightning protection and the step voltage. In the seventh chapter, the design of lightning protection zones and the equipotential bonding are thoroughly examined. While the eighth and final chapter of this paper concerns the surge and the lightning arresters.


639 Background: ISIS 183750 is a second-generation antisense oligonucleotide (ASO) designed to inhibit the production of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E (eIF4E), a potent oncogene. In preclinical models, ISIS demonstrated enhanced activity in combination with irinotecan (Iri). The purpose of this study was to determine maximum tolerated dose (MTD) and explore efficacy in an irinotecan-refractory colorectal cancer (CRC) population. Methods: Phase (Ph) I: Patients (pts) with advanced carcinoma (ECOG 0-2) received ISIS 183750 at 800 or 1,000 mg IV q-weekly in combination with Iri 180 mg/m2 q-2weekly. Ph II: Pts with irinotecan-refractory colorectal cancer were treated with ISIS 183750 1,000mg IV q-weekly in combination with Iri 160 mg/m2. Peripheral blood was analyzed for eIF4E mRNA. Tumor biopsies were obtained at baseline and C1D15 for ISIS 183750 IHC and eIF4E mRNA quantification. Response was assessed q8weeks by RESIST criteria. Results: 24 pts (14M/10F, median age 63 (range 43-79), ECOG PS 0...


The behavior of velocity fluctuations subjected to rapid rotation is examined. The rapid rotation considered is any arbitrary combination of two basic forms of rotation, reference frame rotation and mean flow rotation. It is recognized that the two types of rotating flows differ in the manner in which the fluctuating fields are advected. The first category is comprised of flows in rotating systems of which synoptic scale geophysical flows are a good example. In this class of flows the fluctuating velocity field advects and rotates with the mean flow. In the rapid rotation limit, the Taylor-Proudman theorem describes the behavior of this class of fluctuations. Velocity fluctuations that are advected without rotation by the mean flow constitute the second category which includes vortical flows of aerodynamic interest. The Taylor-Proudman theorem is not pertinent to this class flows and a new result appropriate to this second category of fluctuations is derived. The present development demonstrates that the fluctuating velocity fields are rendered two-dimensional and horizontally non-divergent in the limit of any large combination of reference frame rotation and mean-flow rotation. The concommitant `geostrophic'' balance of the momentum equation is, however, dependent upon the form of rapid rotation. It is also demonstrated that the evolution equations of a two-dimensional fluctuating velocity fields are frame-indifferent with any imposed mean-flow rotation. The analyses and results of this paper highlight many fundamental aspects of rotating flows and have important consequences for their turbulence closures in inertial and non-inertial frames.


Reprint requests: Dr. Jenkins, Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Communicative Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030. Cochlear prostheses initially developed for implantation to restore auditory perception to the profoundly deaf were single-channel devices. With development of complex multichannel prostheses, investigators have primarily focused on the performance of these devices, comparison of singleand multichannel performance, 1 0 and more recently comparison of multichannel systems. In the early 1980s, Cochlear Corporation developed a single-channel device to be used as a back-up in patients failing implantation with the multichannel device. In 1986 the Department of Veteran's Affairs (VA) began a prospective study, CSP 304, to compare the efficacy of three cochlear implant systems: Cochlear Corporation's Nucleus 22-channel, Smith-Richards' Ineraid four-channel, and 3M/Vienna's single-channel cochlear prostheses. Patients were randomized for implantation of one of the primary devices (multior singlechannel) and for a secondary (back-up) single-channel prosthesis in the event the primary device could not be implanted. The two secondary prostheses were the 3M/ Vienna and the Nucleus single-channel devices. During the course of surgery, the secondary device was used only if fewer than 50% of the electrodes on the multichannel system could be inserted into the scala tympani. This article describes the outcome of a patient implanted with the Nucleus singlechannel prosthesis randomized as the back-up device, who, after device failure, was implanted with a Nucleus multichannel device in the opposite ear. Due to modifications in surgical techniques, the device has been rarely used and to our knowledge has been implanted in only two patients.


The physics of vortex flows in stratified fluids is studied with the objective of determining the influence of stable stratification on the descent of aircraft vortex pairs. Vortex rings descending into linear and discontinuous density stratifications are investigated experimentally and simulated numerically. The computer code used for this is based on a second-order closure turbulence model of the Reynolds stress equations in axisymmetric coordinates. Verification of the code is provided by the agreement found between the measured and calculated results. The two-dimensional version of the code is then used to simulate a measured Boeing-747 vortex descending in stable stratification. The strength and tightness of the measured vortex cores have necessitated developedment of a new method of numerically calculating strong vortex flows. The comparison of measured with calculated descent velocity, descent distance, swirl velocity, and circulation in the vortex is in agreement. It is concluded that turbulence effects must be accounted for in the study of aircraft vortex behavior. It is found that unaleviated vortices remain strong during descent, that the vortices stop descending due to a diffuse region of countersign vorticity outboard and above the cores, and that core separation does not primarily control descent. (Author)


Relevance of this study due to the fact that the development of the tourism industry is characterized by undoubted fluctuation and volatility of growth in tourism services in general, as well as the weak functioning of the main tourist complex, which are directly related to service tourists. Development remains limited and it greatly affects the efficiency of the enterprises of the complex, which are in the crisis management. The article discusses the need for an adequate search of an effective functioning of travel agencies that can improve the competitiveness of the industry through the construction of a single complex, which will allow the tourist businesses to compete on a global level.


In October 2019, Santiago de Chile became the epicenter of a violent and massive protest against social inequality. Known as the Estallido Social (the Social Unrest), Chileans took to the streets seeking to dismantle the pervasive social and economic system inherited from Augusto Pinochet's regime established half a century ago. Drawing from participant observations and interviews conducted during the protest, this essay examines the multiple efforts developed by scholars to document the vast repertoire of material generated during Santiago's demonstrations (e.g., graffiti, signs, flags, testimonies, and merchandise). In doing so, I aim to situate the Estallido Social within the recent efforts deployed by museums, archives, and libraries to capture the changing nature and manifestations of global protests in the past few years.


The presence of social media has encouraged the merger of online communication between the government and the community. This phenomenon provides an opportunity for researchers to simultaneously understand the process of government communication online and offline by using an interpretive case study approach. This study aims to demonstrate the use of a qualitative interpretive case study approach to explain the effectiveness of local government communication with local business people in the online context regarding implementing the e-tendering system. This study used a qualitative interpretive method. We conducted both offline and online research to compare the consistency of the data in our study. Using the case study of government and contractors' communication in implementing e-tendering in a regency in South Sulawesi, we gathered data through face-to-face interviews and observed online communication on social media. This study's results indicate an inconsistency in government communication between the online and offline contexts regarding the perception of e-tendering issues. Our findings can be used to increase our understanding of the government's communication strategy with local business people in an online and offline context. Our study also shows that using new media in qualitative interpretive studies can reduce challenges in participant recruitment and access to research sites. However, our study faced challenges on ethical issues regarding communication material shared on social media. Future studies should focus on how ethical issues can be reduced.


Blalock, Hubert M. 1964. Causal Inferences in Nonexperimental Research. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press. Flyvbjerg, Bent. 2006. ''Five Misunderstandings about Case-Study Research. Qualitative Inquiry, 12(2):219–245. Olson, Randy. 2015. Houston, We Have a Narrative: Why Science Needs Story. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. Savage, Mike, and Roger Burrows. 2007. ''The Coming Crisis of Empirical Sociology.'' Sociology 41(5):885–899. Voicu, Bogdan. 2015. ''Introduction: What is Sociology and What Sociologists Do.'' Pp. 5–10 in Este România altfel? Societatea s xi sociologia . . . ı̂ncotro? [Is Romania Different? Society and sociology . . . Whereto?], edited by B. Voicu, H. Rusu, and A. Popa. Sibiu: Lucian Blaga University Press.


INTRODUCTIONIt has been argued that leadership is a critical element for the success of collective action in terms of community and economic development (Luther and Wall, 1998; Bell and Evert, 1997; Flora and Flora, 1993). Efforts to improve a location's quality of life requires a commitment from a strong cadre of individuals working collectively (Israel and Beaulieu 1990) and bolstered by those in positions of authority (Baker and Teaser-Polk,1998). Not all communities are endowed with people who are willing to step up into leadership roles (Sorensen and Epps, 1996). This is critical because leadership has been identified as an element for making collective action a success. This is especially true if the leadership is diverse, operates according to democratic principles, and "places the welfare of the total community above the needs of any given special interest" (Israel and Beaulieu 1990:182).The social structure and culture of a community may preclude the emergence of leaders. It is a research imperative, therefore, to determine what contextual factors are conducive to the practice of community leadership and what interventions may improve the social environment, all in the hope of creating more and better leaders. Existing research on this topic is slim, but it mostly has focused on the urban areas and less so on rural areas (Rich, 1980; Ward and Chant, 1987). To fill this gap, the purpose of this study will be to examine how rural leaders emerge, the kinds of activities in which they are involved, and how they address the challenges they face - in other words, their "leadership career."Given the contextual differences associated with the variation in population density, settlement patterns, and the attendant ways of life, we aim to expand the literature into a new direction. To do so, an exemplar rural community that possessed a strong core of committed and motivated leaders was chosen to serve as a case study. These individuals were interviewed in order to identify variables related to how rural leaders emerge, the kinds of activities in which they are involved, and how they address personal challenges. These individual accounts were used to develop a model which describes the stages each individual typically goes through as they become leaders and grow in their position. This model allows us to track the process whereby people enter and exit leadership roles.LITERATURE REVIEWThe field of leadership studies is fundamentally multidisciplinary, where scholars from sociology to psychology to history to the humanities have argued not only what the core definition of leadership shall be, but also how it should be theorized in the various contexts in which it is practiced, what styles or forms of leadership are best in those situations, and what the effect leadership has on the performance of complex organizations (Kellerman 1984). Peter Northouse defined leadership as "a process whereby an individual influences a group of individuals to achieve a common goal" (201:5). Similarly, Joseph Rost has described leadership as "an influence relationship among leaders and collaborators who intend real changes that reflect their mutual purposes" (1993:99). This influence is multidirectional and not coercive, which distinguishes it from power. Even if the intended changes do not materialize, that does not mean leadership was not present. At times, the process of engaging in change efforts is as important as the final product. This is particularly the case in communities of place. Robinson and Green make the distinction between "community of interest," defined as a group of people who have common interests but the ties are aspatial, and "community of place," defined as a group of residents who have common interests related to territory or place. In spite of the individualistic nature of modern society, many common interests and concerns still exist at the geographically local level (2011). Unfortunately, it is in this area that a dearth of research exists about how leadership is distributed and practiced. …


Introduction Despite being an extremely succesful theory to predict the outcome of ex- periments with particles and other microscopic objects, quantum mechanics (QM) is believed by many to be incomplete or, at least, not fully understood. In particular, the "strange" or non-classical phenomena of QM, like self- interference and Born's rule, are described in terms of abstract mathemati- cal objects. Although some have been ready to interpret the complex-valued wavefunction as a real object, wavefunctions are generally seen as mathe- matical tools serving to calculate probabilities from their square moduli. Contrasting to real-valued mathematics and one-to-one mapping between real variables and observables of classical theories, the standard description is thus sometimes considered as purely operational. In this paper a model is presented that, although very simple in terms of mathematical development and formalism, seems to be able to predict probability fields of at least free particles, and particularly self-interference, without using Schrodinger equation or wavefunctions. Unlike the standard QM picture, the proposed model only uses integer-valued quantities and arithmetic operations. In particular, it assumes a discrete spacetime under the form of an euclidean lattice. The proposed approach describes individual particle trajectories as random walks. Transition probabilities are simple functions of a few quantities that are either randomly associated to the particles during their preparation, or stored in the lattice sites they visit during the walk. Non-relativistic QM predictions are retrieved as probability distributions of similarly-prepared ensembles of particles.


This article presents an original simulation procedure devoted to the simulation of arbitrary-shaped reverberation chambers especially well suited for the analysis of vibrating intrinsic reverberation chambers (VIRC). The described method is based upon conformal finite-difference in time-domain (FDTD) modeling in order to model the rough surface geometry of the VIRC walls. On this point, we take full advantage of the performance of our in-house numerical FDTD code called TEMSI-FD and of its associated conformal mesher. First, uncorrelated geometries of the VIRC under study have been generated in order to analyze its performance as a RC from the computed $S_{11}$ parameter of a log-periodic antenna. Second, correlated geometries have been generated in order to consider the continuous movement of the VIRC walls with a straightforward algorithm, each geometry being associated to a given instant. In both frequency and time domains, numerical outcomes demonstrate excellent agreement with experimental results available in the literature in similar conditions.


Prof. Waclaw Leszczynski's account, registered by Marcelina Jakimowicz, was created as part of the documentation and research project of the "Remembrance and Future" Center entitled, "Wroclaw science in professor relations". The first part of an unconstrained narrative on childhood was here supported with references, the period of war and occupation, the first years after the war spent in the Opole region and the Wroclaw period - Waclaw Leszczynski's studies and professional career at the present Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences. Prof. Leszczynski dedicates many of his memories to his mother, Jadwiga Leszczynska, AK liaison officer, Auschwitz prosoner and post-war teacher and librarian.


Different structures are used for laser-diode to fiber coupling. The main purpose of using these structures is achieving more coupling coefficient for a known laser power output. Fig. 1 shows a typical structure. The coupling structure may include an arbitrary number of lenses which can be off-axis and/ or tilted and can have arbitrary defined surface profiles.


The Inter-American Commission on Human Rights (IACHR) and the Inter-American Court of Human Rights (IACtHR) have been route companions for many, many years. The Commission was created by a political decision of the Consultation Meeting of Ministers of Foreign Affairs, in Santiago, Chile, in 1959 in order to further the respect for the human rights mentioned in the Organization of American States (OAS) Charter and embodied in the American Declaration, "to promote the observance and defense of human rights." The Statute charges the Commission with developing an awareness of human rights among the peoples of the Americas, which is more far-reaching than the mere handling of cases or drafting of reports.1 It clearly has a political scope, which includes the task of making human rights a cultural value.


Optimization of TSR in cement kilns can be achieved by using a high quality and consistent alternative fuel product. This case study indicates how a rigorous QC based approach to the production of solid alternative fuels in cement kilns was developed that contributes to maximum TSR. PEF differs from conventional solid alternative fuels in that production begins with the best material possible as the main feedstock and then selected industrial and commercial by-products of known and consistent composition are added to improve the overall mix and thus achieve the desired quality specifications. The PEF concept allows for maximum thermal substitution rates at either a main burner or in a calciner because the product is matched to the specific cement kiln needs and limits.


The aim of this study is to evaluate the suitability of crystalline scintillator LaCl3:Ce for possible use in hybrid medical imaging systems, such as PET/CT and SPECT/CT scanners. For this purpose, a single crystal (10 × 10 × 10 mm3) was irradiated by X-rays within the tube voltage range from 50 to 150 kVp, and the absolute efficiency (AE) was measured experimentally. The energy absorption efficiency (EAE), quantum detection efficiency (QDE), and the spectral compatibility with various optical detectors were also calculated with the use of mathematical formulas. The results were compared with published data for Bi4Ge3O12 (BGO), Lu2SiO5:Ce (LSO), and CdWO4 single crystals of equal dimensions, commonly used in medical imaging applications. The luminescence efficiency values of the examined crystal were found to be higher than those of LSO, BGO, and CdWO4 crystals, within the whole X-ray tube voltage range. In the matter of EAE, LaCl3:Ce demonstrated reduced performance with respect to LSO and CdWO4 crystals. The emission spectrum of LaCl3:Ce was found to be compatible with various types of photocathodes and silicon photomultipliers (SiPMs). Considering these properties, LaCl3:Ce crystal could be considered suitable for use in hybrid medical imaging systems.


The paper describes the problems associated with manufacturing RF-SAW filters on pyroelectric substrates. The presence of the pyroelectric effect on leaky cuts of LiTaO/sub 3/ results in manufacturing yield problems for RF-SAWs in the frequency range of 800 MHz to 2.4 GHz. The effect is more significant at higher frequencies (above 2 GHz) where yield fallout from pyroelectric related damage can be as high as 30%. Common layout and metalization techniques used to counter the pyroelectric related damage result in degraded electrical performance and compromise design flexibility. The use of pyro-suppressed LiTaO/sub 3/ reduces the yield fallout dramatically. RF L-SAW filters have been fabricated using 42/spl deg/, 46/spl deg/ and 48/spl deg/ LiTaO/sub 3/ with no observable changes in electrical performance or temperature coefficient of frequency. The ideal bulk conductivity range for pyro-suppressed LiTaO/sub 3/ needs to be determined. Modeling of pyroelectric charge build up on the metalized die surface can also aid designers in developing device layouts that are less susceptible to pyroelectric related damage.


Preliminaries - basic concepts from probability theory stochastic processes Brownian motion conditional expectation Martingales the stochastic integral - the Riemann and Riemann-Stieltjes integrals the Ito integral the Ito lemma the Stratonovich and other integrals stochastic differential equations - deterministic differential equations Ito stochastic differential equations the general linear differential equation numerical solution applications of stochastic calculus in finance - the Black-Scholes option-pricing formula a useful technique - change of measure. Appendices: modes of convergence inequalities non-differentiability and unbounded variation of Brownian sample paths proof of the existence of the general Ito stochastic integral the Radon-Nikodym theorem proof of the existence and uniqueness of the conditional expectation.


ABSTRACT Loggerhead Shrikes (Lanius ludovicianus) have declined throughout much of their range over the past few decades. Management plans to address these declines require information on habitat requirements throughout the species' range. Despite this, there has been very little study on territory requirements or foraging habitat of Loggerhead Shrikes at the northern limits of their distribution. Here, we examined territory sizes, foraging habitat, and hunting success of shrikes in southeastern Alberta during the 1992 and 1993 breeding seasons. Territories averaged 8.5 ha (95% Minimum Convex Polygon) and were smaller in 1992 than 1993, but did not differ in size between incubation and nestling periods. Territory sizes were larger than those found in many core areas of the species' range, perhaps because this region is more arid and supports lower prey abundance. Foraging success was highest on the highway/railway right-of-way, followed by native pastures, and was lowest in crop fields, fallow fields, and improved pastures. Despite this, shrikes foraged less often than expected on the right-of-way, perhaps because tall, dense cover makes foraging there energetically expensive. Foraging shrikes also avoided crop and fallow fields in favor of native and improved pastures. Management strategies should take into account the larger territory requirements of shrikes in this part of their distribution. Based on territory sizes and foraging habitat use, we recommend limiting habitat disturbance within approximately 250 m of nest sites and maintaining native pasture on known shrike territories.


Pterocarpus marsupium , Roxb., locally known as Bijaysal, is a medium to a large-sized deciduous tree that grows up to 33 m height. Confined to an altitude of 100-500 m is naturally distributed at the foothills of Siwalik. The study was carried out in the Hariyali community forest, Kapilvastu. The field data were collected from the study area through direct field observation, household survey, key informant interview, and focus group discussion whereas secondary data were collected from relevant published and unpublished materials. Out of 116 individuals found in the study area, 4 were trees, 79 were poles and 33 were saplings. The species were mostly distributed in North, North East, and North West aspects, within elevation from 97-139 m elevation, flat and undulating slope mainly in Calcaricphaeozems soil order. Generally, local people were using the species for fodder, firewood, medicines, dyes, timbers, utensils, agricultural tools, etc. Cutting for fodder was the main human-induced threat followed by grazing, fire, medicinal use, and illegal felling. The major natural threat for the species was low germination and slow growth rate thus awareness for plantation, protection, conservation, proper utilization, and management of Bijaysal were mandatory for the long term to benefit from this valuable species.


The capacity of cytochrome b 5 (b 5 ) to influence cytochrome P450 activities has been extensively studied and physiologically validated. Apo-b 5 enhances the activities of CYP3A4, CYP2A6, CYP2C19, and CYP17A1 but not of CYP2E1 or CYP2D6, suggesting that the b 5 interaction varies amongst P450s. We previously showed that b 5 residues E48 and E49 are required to stimulate the 17,20-lyase activity of CYP17A1, but these same residues might not mediate b 5 activation of other P450 reactions, such as CYP2E1-catalyzed oxygenations, which are insensitive to apo-b 5 . Using purified P450, b 5 , and reductase (POR) in reconstituted assays, mutation D58G +D65G, residues located in a hydrophilic α -helix of b 5 , totally abolished the ability to stimulate CYP2E1-catalyzed chlorzoxazone 6-hydroxylation. In sharp contrast, the D58G+D65G mutation retained full capability to stimulate the 17,20 lyase activity of CYP17A1. Mutation D58G+D65G competes poorly with wild-type b 5 for binding to the CYP2E1•POR complex yet accepts electrons from POR at a similar rate. Furthermore, the phospholipid composition markedly influences P450 turnover and b 5 stimulation and specificity, particularly for CYP17A1, in the order phosphatidylserine > phosphatidylethanolamine > phosphatidylcholine. Mutation D58G+D65G also failed to stimulate CYP2C19-catalyzed (S)-mephenytoin 4-hydroxylation, whereas mutation E48G+E49G b5 mutations and Dr. Dario Mizrachi for constructing the G3H6-modified CYP2C19 expression plasmid. We also thank Dr. Paul Hollenberg for critical reading of the manuscript. formation of (S)-4-hydroxymephenytoin was determined by HPLC analysis as described under Experimental Procedures. Results are shown as the percentage activity compared to assays reconstituted with wild-type b 5 and PE+PS (=100%) from triplicate determinations


tag=1 data=Are women benefitting from economic development? Evidence from the Asian region. by Frances Perkins

tag=2 data=Perkins, Frances

tag=3 data=IPA Review,

tag=4 data=46

tag=5 data=4

tag=6 data=1994

tag=7 data=45-49.

tag=8 data=SOUTH-EAST ASIA%WOMEN%DEVELOPMENT

tag=10 data=The article examines the impact of the trade and macroeconomic policies of 13 countries in the Asian region on women's participation in the modern economy and other indicators of well-being.

tag=11 data=1994/6/4

tag=12 data=94/0275

tag=13 data=CAB


A shape memory alloy rod, if it is pre-twisted to create stress induced martensitic transformation, will exhibit a torsional shape memory effect, namely, some of the pre-twist will be recovered once the SMA rod is heated above its austenitic start temperature. If the pre- twisted SMA rod is constrained, a large recovery torque will be generated. Torsional shape memory alloy actuators have broad applications. This paper focuses on their applications of active helicopter rotor blade control. In this paper, we first review the effort of active rotor blade control, introduce the basic properties of shape memory alloy actuators, present the important characteristics of torsional SMA actuators governing their applications, and address issues involved in the use of torsional SMA actuators for automatic rotor blade tracking systems.


The aim of this study is to assess different hormone therapies with progestins in patients with diffuse endometrial hyperplasia and visceral type of obesity in perimenopausal period. 68 females with an age range of 45 to 50 years were examined. The patients were divided into two main groups. The I group consisted of 32 patients with visceral type of obesity. The II group included 36 patients with normal body mass. The control group consisted of 12 patients aged 45-50 years with normal body mass without endometrial hyperplasia. The treatment with progestins was performed in two main groups for 3 months. The patients received Norcolut, 10 mg/day from the 5-th to the 25-th days of their menstrual cycle, 17. OPK, 500 mg on the 17-th and 23-rd days and Depo. Provera, 500 mg on the 5.th day after removing the mucous membrane of the uterius and during next 2 months 150 mg/ month. The lipid spectrum was determined before hormone therapy and after 3 months. The results of the investigation show that Norcolut increases most of all body mass in patients with endometrial hyperplasia, but it is the most effective in treatment of hyperplasia processes. 17-OPK and Depo. Provera exert the least negative influence on lipid spectrum.


The present study was made in upland cotton with 10 x 10 half diallel to assess the extent of heterosis over standard check (LAHH 5) for seed cotton yield and its related traits at Regional Agricultural Research Station, Lam, Guntur. The highest heterotic effect were recorded in the hybrids SCS-1207 × GSHV-177, GSHV-177 × L1231 and SCS-1207 × PBH-13 were promising hybrids in this study over the standard check for seed cotton yield per plant and its most of the yield attributing traits. Those hybrids exhibiting high heterosis for seed cotton yield per plant also had high heterosis for yield attributing characters. The study reveals good scope for commercial exploitation of heterosis as well as isolation of pure lines among the progenies of other heterotic F1 hybrids.


Summary Jens B. Aune, 'Ecological and Economical Requirements for Sustainable Land Use in Sub-Saharan Africa', Forum for Development Studies, No. 2, 1993, pp. 211–219. Population growth in Africa is about 3 per cent. This implies that if food production is to keep pace with population growth, the annual increase in food production has to be above this figure. The necessary increase in food production can either be obtained through an increase in the cultivated area or through an increase in the production per unit of land. From the environmental point of view, the first option is the less attractive because opening up of new land means more soil erosion, increased deforestation and CO2 emissions as well as reduced biodiversity. A basic principle of sustainable agriculture is that the input of nutrients to the system is higher or equal to the output (soil mining). In East Africa more than 30 kg of nitrogen and 5 kg of phosphorous are removed annually per hectare. In order to reverse this trend of declining...


A space X is star-C-Hurewicz if for each sequence (Un : n ∈ N) of open covers of X there exists a sequence (Kn : n ∈ N) of countably compact subsets of X such that for each x ∈ X, x ∈ St(Kn, Unn) for all but finitely many n. In this paper, we investigate the relationship between star-C-Hurewicz spaces and related spaces, and study topological properties of star-C-Hurewicz spaces.


The authors examine the possibilities of bibliometrics enhancing and complementing information and library processes to support scientific research: applying bibliometric analysis of science organizations' document flows to monitor publication activities; using bibliometric methods to design and support scientific research in various subjects, and to organize certain library processes, e.g. collection development and user information demand study; and dating ofrelevant information. The authors focus on the bibliometrics fundamental importance for exploring processes of document information flows. They argue that the introduction of bibliometric procedures in scientific libraries would increase their status and make them actors of academic communication system. The examples are given of using bibliometrics for detecting fraud and adulteration schemes in science practice. The key methods and procedures of bibliometric research in scientific libraries are characterized. Main risks due to the introduction of bibliometrics into scientific research are defined. The authors emphasize the scientific libraries' need for competent librarians which means developing continuous professional education system; within this context workshops and training courses, instructional aids and recommendations, training professionals at universities are also important.


This study is devoted to developing a continuous activated carbon (AC) production process integrating drying, carbonization, and physical activation without external heat input. The massive byproduct in the distilled spirit industry, distilled spirit lees (SL), was used as the raw material in this study. The kinetic behaviors in each step, including drying, carbonization, and activation, were first investigated via laboratory tests. The results show that the whole AC production process can be completed in 30 min, including most of the time for drying, several minutes for carbonization, and several seconds for activation. On the basis of these laboratory results, an integrated process for continuous production of AC was proposed. The mass and heat balance calculation demonstrated a good balance for the developed process technology, and a pilot plant treating 2000 kg of SL/h was in turn built and commissioned to run autothermally and continuously. This demonstrated thus the technology for application to gra...


In 1870s England, the bygone Georgian era was in vogue. The eighteenth-century impulse permeated both the fine and ap plied arts. The play Olivia, based on Oliver Goldsmith's 1766 novel The Vicar of Wakefield, presented on the London stage in 1878 and 1885, offers an opportunity to explore the breadth of this little-recognized revival. The painter Marcus Stone de signed the sets and costumes, emphasizing the qualities of coziness and quaintness that the audience expected in idealized vi sions of the national past. On the one hand, Olivia embodies the moralistic tendencies informing Victorian attitudes toward art and life. The play demonstrates how Victorians sweetened


BACKGROUND
MAAs (mycosporine-like amino acids) are known as the strongest solar guardians in nature.

RESULTS
In this study, the extraction of MAAs from Dried pyropia haitanensis was obtained. Fish gelatin(FG) and oxidized starch(OS)composite films embedded with MAAs (0-0.3% w/w) were fabricated. The maximum absorption wavelength of the composite film appeared at 334 nm, which was consistent with MAAs solution. Furthermore, the UV absorption intensity of the composite film was highly dependent on the concentration of MAAs. The composite film exhibited excellent stability during the 7 days storage period. The physicochemical features of composite film were demonstrated by the measurement of water content, water vapor transmission rate, oil transmission, and visual characteristics. Furthermore, in the actual anti-UV effect investigation, the increase of peroxide value and an acid value of grease under FOM film coverage was delayed. In the meantime, the fall of ascorbic acid content in dates was postponed, and E. coli survivability was increased.

CONCLUSION
Our results suggest the FOM film with biodegradable and anti-ultraviolet has a high potential for usage in food packaging materials. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.


In-situ observations in scanning electron microscope were employed to study the tensile fracture behavior of the NEPE solid propellant/liner interface at differente temperature.It was found that the fracture start developing from the joint of propellant and underlayer.and the fracture spread exist competition connection one another;finally,the adhesive capability stand or fail mostly lie on the propellant that hereabout the propellant /liner interface when interface is well.Review the interface of HMX which bring dewetting of propellant,the results showed that there is high modulus layer around HMX when propellant contain NPBA by nano-impress and dynamic experiment,and the dynamic storage modulus of high modulus layer attend temperature assume reverse inverse relation.This high modulus layer existence or disappear can introduce propellants change of macro performance.more effect macro mechanics performance of propellant/underlayer adhesives sample.


In this study, we investigate the impact of junction doping distribution (LDD/halo) on variations and asymmetry of device characteristics for fully depleted silicon on insulator (FDSOI) with ultrathin buried oxide layer nMOSFET. The device performance and hot carrier induced degradations have also been examined. Junction doping dose of LDD/halo affects the effective channel length, parasitic source/drain resistance, and channel mobility. High junction doping dose enhances the device's performance but degrades device stability and reliability. Compared to high junction doping FDSOI nMOSFET, low junction doping device has lower device variability, better symmetry, and reliability, but suffers lower channel mobility and device driving capability.


: We study here the vertical hydrological structure of Clipperton lagoon, mainly with data obtained during the international expedition of April 2015 to the atoll, and estimate predator-prey encounter rates of the dominant mesozooplankton species: Acanthocyclops robustus (copepod) and Latonopsis australis (cladoceran). Temperature, salinity and light penetration were measured at four locations, three in the lagoon and one in the ocean. Additional information comes from literature and from an oceanographic buoy located near the atoll. Predator-prey encounter rates were calculated for non-turbulent and turbulent conditions under two extreme wind velocities. The hydrological vertical structure showed a strong pycnocline at 15 m depth. The euphotic zone reached 8 m depth in the lagoon basins, and down to the bottom outside of them. In surface waters, encounter rates were high (221 to 2846 preys day -1 predator -1 ), depending on the animals' speed and wind conditions. Turbulent conditions enhance predator-prey interactions; however, the high prey density is the main cause of higher lagoon (Murphy & Kremer, 1983; Bourrouilh-Le Jan et al., 1985). The mesozooplankton biota in the upper layer is dominated by fresh- and brackish water species, the copepod Acanthocyclops robustus (Sars, 1863), and the cladoceran Latonopsis australis Sars, 1988 (Renon, 1987). These two species keep a predator-prey ( A. robustus - L. australis ) relationship (Renon, 1987), a pair from which the


Highly mobile species are difficult to monitor. It is often unclear from abundance estimates whether a population is genuinely declining or simply elsewhere. If the spatial and temporal scales of monitoring are inadequate, the data will only be useful if the signal is very strong (i.e. the change in population size is large). We explored the ability of three major databases – the Southern African Bird Atlas Project (SABAP), the Coordinated Waterbird Counts (CWAC) and the South African Bird Ringing Unit (SAFRING) – to reveal the movement patterns of a highly mobile African waterbird, the Red-billed Teal Anas erythrorhyncha. Only ring recovery data provided clear evidence of long-distance movement. All three data sets were compromised to varying degrees by methodological biases and spatial and/or temporal resolutions that prevented the detection of movement patterns. By incorporating abundance estimates, increasing and quantifying sampling effort, and extending coverage at the data collection stage, the potential for these data sets to contribute to our understanding of bird movements could be greatly improved. Monitoring programmes for mobile species must be tested at an early stage to assess their ability to explain spatial and temporal population variation at the scales at which such variation occurs.


The article outlines some of the issues related to the impact of corporate social responsibility on the develop ment of the external and internal environment of the enterprises. There were also discussed the issues of the assessment of corporate social responsibility, the forms of social reporting and the indexes for social invest ments. The relevance of the study is determined by the connection with the analysis of the corporate social responsibility assessment. The aim is to analyze the methodology for assessing corporate social responsibility of Russian enterprises and to identify the most important areas of assessment. Methods: descriptive, analytical and structural which allowed us to analyze the existing practices of social responsibility of Russian companies and to identify the parameters of assessment of the model of social responsibility. Results: on the basis of the analysis of the evaluation methods of corporate social responsibility we have identified deficiencies and devel oped the ways to eliminate them.


We highlight a health communication research project, discuss a federal agency's health communication efforts, and illustrate health communications for consumers. Communicating health information to diverse audiences provides opportunities for technical communicators in a wide variety of settings.


Speech segmentation to covariance-stationary regions is of great interest in various fields of speech processing. This study presents a novel sequential segmentation algorithm relying on Random Matrix Theory (RMT). The proposed approach utilises an RMT-derived test statistic checking stationarity of sample covariance matrices. Utilising the statistical properties of the sample eigenvalues recently investigated in the RMT literature, a new expression for the decision threshold is derived in the non-asymptotic case where the number of samples is comparable with the dimension. This derivation is of great help to detect very short non-stationary intervals where the performance of most segmentation methods based on Autoregressive models degrades. Furthermore, based on the results of previous step, a new segmentation procedure is proposed. This procedure is applied to both synthetic and real-world speech data. Comparing the obtained simulation results with the state-of-the-art segmentation algorithms, the proposed approach has demonstrated good performance with extremely lower computational cost.


This article provides a review of the group-theoretic approach to the generation of cutting planes in mixed integer programming. After motivating the notion of corner relaxation graphically, we give a definition of master group problems. We then present a hierarchy of valid inequalities for master group problems that can be used as cutting planes for mixed integer programs. We describe next various procedures that can be used to obtain the "strongest" valid inequalities for master group problems. We conclude by commenting on the computational possibilities of group-theoretic cuts in mixed integer programming.

Keywords:

mixed integer program;
corner relaxation;
group problems;
group cuts;
valid inequalities


Objective
To evaluate the clinical efficacy of ultrasound-guided percutaneous non-contact thermal ablation in the treatment of sub-capsular hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) adjacent to abdominal wall.

Methods
Clinical data of 30 patients with sub-capsular HCC treated in the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University from January 2012 to December 2015 were retrospectively analyzed. Among them, 24 patients were male and 6 were female, aged from 28 to 72 years with a median age of 56 years. The maximum diameter of the lesions ranged from 10 to 40 mm, and the median diameter was 20 mm. The informed consents of all patients were obtained and the local ethical committee approval was received. Ultrasound-guided percutaneous trans-hepatic ablation was performed through the normal liver tissues to the deep side of tumor rather than directly puncturing through the tumors. Lesions involving tumor blood supply arteries were ablated primarily. The complete ablation rate and the incidence of postoperative complications were observed.

Results
Radiofrequency ablation was performed in 19 cases and microwave ablation in 11 cases with a total of 31 lesions. The residual margin lesion was found in only 1 case. The complete ablation rate was 97%(30/31). Intraoperatively, artificial abdominal ascites were performed in 12 cases, artificial pleural ascites in 1 case, artificial pleural and abdominal ascites in 3 cases, and no auxiliary interventions in 14 cases. No active bleeding occurred at the puncture site during and after operation. No postoperative complications were observed. During the postoperative follow-up, intra-hepatic recurrence occurred in 17 cases. No tumors were found at the peri-liver area or the abdominal cavity.

Conclusions
For the sub-capsular HCC adjacent to abdominal wall, ultrasound-guided percutaneous thermal ablation through the normal liver tissues in a non-contact way, combined with artificial auxiliary interventions, can achieve a safe and efficacious treatment.

Key words:
Liver neoplasms; Ultrasonography, interventional; Catheter ablation


Because the aperture of Ultra-short baseline(USBL) is small,its position error becomes awful with the increment of range.This paper discusses an improved positioning precision method for USBL by applying a new four-element array when the number is small.The new array reduces the redundancy elements of the eight-element array,and it also does not need to send frequency hopper signals from the transmitter.The paper analyses the phase compensation formula and the suitable frequency range for the new four-element array.The theoretical analyses and numerical simulation results show that the new array has the same positioning precision with the eight-element array.This method could improve the USBL.


Simple Summary This study evaluated the production and the function of chemerin, known as a chemoattractant and an antimicrobial protein, with regard to mammary epithelial defense in cows. The result demonstrated that mammary epithelial cells express chemerin protein. Chemerin treatment promoted the proliferation of bovine mammary epithelial cells and protected epithelial cells from oxidative stress. Meanwhile, mammary chemerin production was elevated by mastitis, which was possibly attributed to inflammatory cytokines. Therefore, the present study demonstrates the supportive ability of chemerin for mammary epithelial tissue and its regulation by inflammatory stimuli, suggesting its role in mammary epithelial defense against pathogen infection in cows. Abstract Epithelial barrier function in the mammary gland acts as a forefront of the defense mechanism against mastitis, which is widespread and a major disorder in dairy production. Chemerin is a chemoattractant protein with potent antimicrobial ability, but its role in the mammary gland remains unelucidated. The aim of this study was to determine the function of chemerin in mammary epithelial tissue of dairy cows in lactation or dry-off periods. Mammary epithelial cells produced chemerin protein, and secreted chemerin was detected in milk samples. Chemerin treatment promoted the proliferation of cultured bovine mammary epithelial cells and protected the integrity of the epithelial cell layer from hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced damage. Meanwhile, chemerin levels were higher in mammary tissue with mastitis. Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) strongly upregulated the expression of the chemerin-coding gene (RARRES2) in mammary epithelial cells. Therefore, chemerin was suggested to support mammary epithelial cell growth and epithelial barrier function and to be regulated by inflammatory stimuli. Our results may indicate chemerin as a novel therapeutic target for diseases in the bovine mammary gland.


In order to examine the property of a new type of PS model sand,tests were conducted to study the physical property,settling velocity,and incipient velocity of the PS model sand.The results show that the particle shape,sphericity,the three-axis coefficient,the volumetric weight,and the submerged angle of repose of the PS model sand were similar with those of the prototype.In addition,the settling velocity can be calculated by Zhang Ruijin's formula and the incipient velocity can be simulated by Tang Cunben's formula.


In this study, an ultra-high frequency antenna for TV white space devices (TVWSDs) is designed, fabricated and systematically tested. In addition to its radiation efficiency validation using a novel measurement approach, system performance of the antenna is comprehensively studied by integrating it onto different platforms, including a wideband spectrum monitor and a wireless communication client, and testing under realistic scenarios. The performance comparison with a commercial antenna is also performed to demonstrate the effectiveness and robustness of the in house-developed antenna. Overall practical and real-time performance evaluations show that the in-house developed antenna is a strong contender for TVWSDs.


The paper reports a case of placental chorioangioma. This lesion is often associated with polyhydramnios, premature labour and fetal malformations.


With wheat bran and wheat straw as raw materials,optimum medium and fermentation conditions which solid fermentation of cellulase produced by Penicillium glaucum was optimized by orthogonal and single-factor test.The cellulose content of wheat straw was compared before and after fermentation.The result showed that the optimal medium were as follows:wheat straw∶wheat braw was 3∶2,nitrogen source was(NH4)3PO4,water content 200 %,pH 4.5.The optimum fermentation conditions were as follows:cultivation time 72 h,temperature 40 ℃,pH 5.0,nitrogen content 0.6 %,inoculum 20 % and semi-enclosed cultivation.The NDF,ADF,cellulose and hemi-cellulose content of wheat straw after fermentation dropped by 4.29 %,3.89 %,4.66 % and 5.82 % than before the fermentation,no significant change was found in lignin.


Science policy focuses on the allocation of resources within the scientific enterprise and the downstream impacts of these investments. Here, I describe my journey from being a curious kid, to becoming a signaling biologist, to my current role as a science policy professional focusing on the areas of biomedical research training, workforce diversity, and promoting basic research. I provide insights on skills important in this career track—collaboration, diplomacy, adaptability, and resilience. Finally, I share the vision that animates my work—"science by all, science for all"—and encourage you with the career advice my mother gave: "never self‐eliminate."


This work presents time-resolved, absolute measurements of OH number density, nitrogen vibrational temperature, and translational-rotational temperature in nitrogen, air, and lean hydrogen-air mixtures excited in a diffuse filament nanosecond pulse discharge, at a pressure of 100 Torr and high specific energy loading. The main objective of these measurements is to study a possible effect of nitrogen vibrational excitation on low-temperature kinetics of HO2 and OH radicals. N2 vibrational temperature and gas temperature in the discharge and the afterglow are measured by ns broadband Coherent Anti-Stokes Scattering (CARS). Hydroxyl radical number density is measured by Laser Induced Fluorescence (LIF) calibrated by Rayleigh scattering. The results show that the discharge generates strong vibrational nonequilibrium in nitrogen and air for delay times after the discharge pulse of up to ~ 1 ms, with peak vibrational temperature of Tv ≈ 2700 K at T ≈ 550 K (in nitrogen) and Tv ≈ 1900 K at T ≈ 650 K (in air). Nitrogen vibrational temperature in air peaks ≈ 200 μs after the discharge pulse, before decreasing due to vibrational-translational relaxation by O atoms (on the time scale of a few hundred μs) and diffusion (on ms time scale). OH number density increases gradually after the discharge pulse, peaking at t ~ 100-300 μs and decaying on a longer time scale, until t ~ 1 ms. Both OH rise time and decay time decrease as H2 fraction in the mixture is increased from 1% to 5%. OH number density in a 1% H2-air mixture peaks at approximately the same time as vibrational temperature in air. Since vibrational temperature and gas temperature in air and in a 1% H2-air mixture are expected to be close, this suggests that OH kinetics may be affected by N2 vibrational excitation. Additional CARS measurements in H2-air mixtures are necessary to verify this conjecture and obtain further insight. 1 Graduate Research Assistant 2 Research Scientist 3 Professor, Associate Fellow AIAA D ow nl oa de d by I go r A da m ov ic h on J an ua ry 1 4, 2 01 7 | h ttp :// ar c. ai aa .o rg | D O I: 1 0. 25 14 /6 .2 01 715 84 55th AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting 9 13 January 2017, Grapevine, Texas AIAA 2017-1584 Copyright © 2017 by Caroline April Winters. Published by the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Inc., with permission. AIAA SciTech Forum


Freestanding photonic crystals can be used to trap both light and mechanical vibrations. These "optomechanical crystal" structures have already been experimentally demonstrated to yield strong coupling between a photon mode and a phonon mode, co-localized at a single defect site. Future devices may feature a regular superlattice of such defects, turning them into "optomechanical arrays". In this letter we predict that tailoring the optomechanical band structure of such arrays can be used to implement Dirac physics of photons and phonons, to create a photonic gauge field via mechanical vibrations, and to observe a novel optomechanical instability.


In order to understand the allelopathy of parsley volatiles on Fusarium oxysporium f.sp.cucumeris,definite amounts(50,100,150,and 200 g) of parsley seeds and its leaves,petioles,and fresh roots in the 8-10th leaf period were put on the bottom of glass vacuum dryer,respectively,and the Petri dishes inoculated with F.oxysporium f.sp.cucumeris were put at the top of the dryer.Then,the dryer was sealed,and the allelopathy of the parsley volatiles was studied by measuring the growth rate of F.oxysporium f.sp.cucumeris.Parsley volatiles had allelopathic effect on F.oxysporium f.sp.cucumeris,and the effect increased with increasing concentration of the volatiles.After treated with the volatiles from 200 g parsley seeds,leaves,petioles,and fresh roots for 144 h,the allelopathic effect was 9.3%,10.9%,12.2%,and 18.7%,respectively.Root volatiles showed the strongest allelopathy,followed by petiole volatiles,and leaf-and seed volatiles.The incidence of F.oxysporium f.sp.cucumeris on cucumber seedlings was studied after inoculation.It was observed that the volatiles gathered from a total of 200 plants had the best allelopathic effect.On the 11th day of inoculation,64 cucumber seedlings were diseased,and the allelopathic effect was 15.8%.The higher the concentration of the parsley volatiles,the better the inhibitory effect on F.oxysporium f.sp.cucumeris,but the effect decreased with extending time.


The microwave spectrum of S2O has been reexamined in order to obtain reliable predictions of all rotational transitions up to J=50 in the frequency region 10–130 GHz and to determine the structure of the molecule. A centrifugal distortion analysis has been carried out on the ground state and lowest bending vibrational state of 32S32S16O. Centrifugal distortion corrected rotational constants have also been obtained for 34S32S16O and 32S34S16O. These observations allowed the determination of the structure: rs(S–S)=1.88248(10) A, r(S–O)=1.4637(5) A, ∠SSO=118.26(7)o.


Last House on the Left (Wes Craven, 1972) became a very controversial film because of the reflection of social upheavals in America. The consideration of the horror genre as popular has undervalued its importance as a historical source. Hence, the aim of this article is to claim its value for Cultural Studies. From Cultural Studies and the discourse methodology, our object of study is key to understand several cultural aspects in America such as class, religion or violence as well as to disclose alternative discourses which were opposed to the official narrative.


A method of manufacturing a cheese blue mold from milk, in particular pasteurized milk, wherein (i) the milk is subjected to an ultrafiltration process which separates the milk into an aqueous permeate and a retentate, up that a retentate is obtained called "liquid prefromage" whose volume is reduced at least to 1/3 of the volume of the milk subjected to said method of ultrafiltration; (Ii) inoculating said liquid prefromage with a ferment; (Iii) adding rennet and allowed to coagulate to obtain a cheese; (Iv) is pricked cheese by drilling a plurality of holes or channels to allow blue mold to grow, and in which method blue mold is added either in the bulk liquid cheese is in said holes or channels drilled into the cheese.


An electron Source has a plurality of electron-emitting devices, a plurality of Scanning wirings and a plurality of modulation wirings which connect the plurality of electron emitting devices into a matrix pattern, a scanning wiring connecting electrode which connects the electron-emitting device and the scanning wiring, a modulation wiring connect ing electrode which connects the electron-emitting device and the modulation wiring, and a bypass wiring which is insulated from the scanning wiring and the modulation wiring and is arranged in parallel with the scanning wiring or the modulation wiring. The connecting electrode of any one of the scanning wiring connecting electrode and the modulation wiring connecting electrode, which is closer to the bypass wiring, has an overcurrent Suppressing portion which Sup presses flowing of a certain or more electric current to the connecting electrode.


We present a scheme to estimate the noise equivalent power (NEP) of the frequency upconversion detectors (UCDs), detecting mid-infrared (MIR) light. The NEP of the UCD is a combined contribution of NEPs from the upconversion process and from the photodetector, used for detecting the upconverted signal. The 2–5-<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mu \text{m}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> MIR range is particularly investigated in this letter using a bulk periodically poled lithium niobate-based CW-intracavity UCD. We measured the NEP of UCD as 20 fW/<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\sqrt {\text {Hz}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> at the MIR wavelength of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$3.39~\mu \text{m}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>. Here, we showed that the limiting factor is not the noise from the upconversion process (estimated NEP is 2.3 fW/<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\sqrt {\text {Hz}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> at <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$3.39~\mu \text{m}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>) but from the electrical noise in the photodetector itself. We also compared the performance of our UCD with the previously published results and with market available direct MIR detectors. In addition, we measured the optical noise of the UCD over its working spectral range (2.9–<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$3.6~\mu \text{m}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>) and compared with the numerical simulation.


The polymetallic cassiterite-bearing mineralization of the "Felsit-type" is located in the NW of the Freiberg mining district within the Grosschirma area. The mineralization is hosted by metamorphic rocks of the Presnitzer Group unit that form the most northeastern part of the Erzgebirge metamorphic core complex. This geological unit is in the Grosschirma area predominantly composed of two-mica gneisses and mica schists, whereas intercalations of muscovite-gneiss ("red gneiss"), amphibolites and metacarbonates occur less commonly. These metamorphic rocks were deformed by several NE-SW striking fault zones. The hydrothermal Sn-bearing fluids migrated within shear zones that developed primarily at the contact between different lithotypes. The shear zones are characterized by strong pervasive metasomatic alterations which were triggered by small chlorite-cassiterite-quartz-sulfideveins. The rock-forming minerals are strongly corroded and displaced by the ore and gangue minerals within the shear zones. The bulk geochemistry of selected drill core samples feature grades up to 0.28 wt. % Sn, 0.15 wt. % Cu, 300 ppm Pb, 140 ppm Zn, 1.1 wt. % F, 250 ppm Li, 820 ppm Rb, 90 ppm Cs, and 130 ppm W. Microscopic and geochemical studies of the samples show that the Sn-polymetallic mineralization of the "Felsittype" can be distinguished into three different mineralization stages. The first one is dominated by chlorite and quartz. Cassiterite probably appears in two generations with different grain shapes: acicular (< 1 ‐ 100 m) and isometric cassiterite (< 10 ‐ 650 m). Smaller amounts of fluorite, rutile, apatite, and scheelite are also associated with the first stage. The second mineralization stage is dominated by pyrite which is the most abundant ore mineral of this paragenesis, while marcasite, chalcopyrite, pyrrhotite, galena, sphalerite, arsenopyrite, bismuthinite, and magnetite appear only subordinately. The third stage is dominated by carbonates that are often associated with some fine-grained hematite and limonite. Beside Sn an enrichment of F, Li, Rb, Cs and W suggest a genetic link between the Sn-polymetallic mineralization of the "Felsit-type" and the late Variscan Sn-W-association of the Erzgebirge. The Sn-W-association is not known in the Freiberg Ag-Pb-Zn vein-ore district. The origin of the Sn-W mineralization in the Erzgebirge is still under debate.


The utility model relates to a fitting of high temperature steam reducing furnace, in particular to an air inlet and air outlet device for high temperature steam reducing furnace, according to the technical project which is provided by the utility model, a tubular casing is sleeved on the outer of a tail gas air outlet pipe, a feed gas air inlet pipe is arranged on the casing, a plurality of gas passing holes are arranged on the wall of the casing, a column tube is arranged between the outer wall of the tail gas air outlet pipe and the inner wall of the casing, and the gas passing holes are communicated with the tail gas air outlet pipe using the column tube. A plurality of feed gas nozzles are arranged on the casing, after being inlet into a channel which is formed through the casing and the tail gas air outlet pipe are clipped from the feed gas air inlet pipe, the feed gas is spouted from the feed gas nozzles to the reducing furnace. The outer portion of the utility model is equipped with an air inlet, the inner portion is equipped with a gas passing pipe type, the service life of a sealing ring between the air inlet pipe, the air outlet pipe and a bottom plate of the reducing furnace can be effectively prolonged, and polycrystalline silicon with higher quality is can be made.


73 Background: The objective of this study was to explore the expression patterns of PI3K/p-AKT/p-mTOR in gastric cancer (GC) and its relationship with clinicopathological characteristics and thereby to understand the role of activated PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway in the initiation and development of gastric cancer. Methods: Envision immunohistochemistry assay was used to examine the expression patterns of PI3K, p-AKT and p-mTOR in primary GC sites, metastatic lymph nodes and peritumoral mucosa among 50 patients who underwent radical gastrectomy for stage I-IV (M0) gastric cancer. Results: The PI3K, p-AKT and p-mTOR showed significantly higher expressions in primary tumor sites and metastatic lymph nodes as compared to that of the peritumoral mucosa. The study of the pathway components and clinicopathological characteristics revealed that p-AKT and p-mTOR expressions were selectively higher in primary tumors with less than 5 cm diameter. The PI3K, p-AKT and p-mTOR positive patients had shorter median survival ti...


Abstract 3327 Background: Critically ill patients are at high risk of developing venous thromboembolism (VTE) during their stay in the intensive care unit (ICU) because of premorbid medical and surgical conditions. The clinical consequences of Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT) have the potential to be serious yet are frequently unrecognized in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU). In contrast to the extensive documentation on the short and long–term outcomes of patients with DVT evaluated in other clinical settings, little is known about the clinical course of this disease in the ICU setting. We hypothesized that both undetected and clinically evident VTE would affect the prognosis of critically ill patients. Purpose: To systematically review whether a diagnosis of DVT in critically ill patients affects clinically important outcomes including length of stay, duration of mechanical ventilation and mortality. Material and Methods: MEDLINE and EMBASE databases were searched up to June 2010. Two reviewers performed study selection independently. Studies were selected if evaluate one or more of the following outcomes: hospital and ICU mortality, duration of patient stay in hospital and in ICU, and duration of mechanical ventilation. Two investigators independently extracted and reviewed data from each study; including study and patient characteristics and outcomes. Association between DVT and hospital and ICU mortality, and the mean difference of duration of patient stay in hospital and in ICU, and duration of mechanical ventilation in patients with and without DVT were calculated using a random-effects model (DerSimionan and Laird method). Pooled results are reported as relative risk (RR) and mean difference and are presented with 95% confidence interval (CI) and with 2-sided P values. A P value of .05 or less was considered statistically significant. Statistical heterogeneity was evaluated using the I2 statistic, which assesses the appropriateness of pooling the individual study results [22]. The I2 value provides an estimate of the amount of variance across studies due to heterogeneity rather than chance. Cohen9s Kappa for inter-rater agreement was used to assess inter-rater reliability. Results: Six studies for a total of 1518 patients were included in the systematic review. Patients diagnosed with DVT compared to those without DVT had increased ICU and hospital stay (7.3 days (95% CI 1.4 to 13.2; P = 0.02) and 16.5 days (95% CI 1.51 to 30.59; P = 0.03), respectively. Duration of mechanical ventilation appeared to be increased in patients with DVT although this difference was not statistically significant (weighted mean difference: 3.41 days 95 % CI –1.12 to 7.94; P =0.14). Patients diagnosed with DVT also had a marginally significant increase in the RR of hospital mortality (RR 1.31 95%CI,0.99 to 1.74,P=0.06), and a non statistically significant increase in the RR of ICU mortality (RR 1.96; 95% CI 0.74 to 5.19; P = 0.17). Conclusions: A diagnosis of DVT upon ICU admission appears to affect clinically important outcomes including length of ICU and hospital stay and hospital mortality. Further research involving larger prospective study designs are warranted. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.


The present paper deals with the effect of starvation on ascorbic acid contents of brain and hepatic tissues in both the sexes of Clarias batrachus. The level of ascorbic acid content was found relatively higher in males than in females. The brain showed higher value of ascorbic acid in normal condition (43.24mg/100gm in male and 40.65mg/100gm in female) in comparison to the liver (17.59mg/100gm in male and 13.32mg/100gm in female). During prolonged food deprivation, the gradual decrease in ascorbic acid level has been noticed in both the types of tissues which can be related to enhanced gluconeogenesis. The higher depletion has been observed in liver (73% in male & 78% in female) and lower depletion in the brain (57% in male &48% in female) after 40 days of starvation.


The paper considers introduction of new pedagogical practices in engineering education to answer requirements of 21st century. It discusses restructuring of Semiconductor Devices course to establish team work on shared reports. Leveraging the cloud to create a self-paced, learner-centered environment is described. Using the new collaborative practices and activities to ensure an enjoyable implementation experience during the pilot course is emphasized. Results from conducted pilots are highlighted. Advantages of cloud collaborative technologies for deeper learning are also commented.


This work augments MINIX 3's failure-resilience mechanisms with novel disk-driver recovery strategies and guaranteed file-system data integrity. We propose a flexible filter-driver framework that operates transparently to both the file system and the disk driver and enforces different protection strategies. The filter uses checksumming and mirroring in order to achieve end-to-end integrity and provide hard guarantees for detection of silent data corruption and recovery of lost data. In addition, the filter uses semantic information about the driver's working in order to verify correct operation and proactively replace the driver if an anomaly is detected. We evaluated our design through a series of experiments on a prototype implementation: application-level benchmarks show modest performance overhead of 0-28% and software-implemented fault-injection (SWIFI) testing demonstrates the filter's ability to detect and transparently recover from both data-integrity problems and driver-protocol violations.


Experimental studies by controlled accelerated impingement water jet cooling on the run-out table were carried out in MMLE ESUT, Nigeria through impingement water jets on the top of the hot steel plates which leads to heat transfer extractions. It aimed at to develop a predictive tool in order to control the temperature principle on the run-out table towards improving the mechanical and metallurgical properties of the steel product relatively achieved by alloying. The methodology undertaken for this research involved design and construction of experiments using a pilot scale run-out table with stationary plates. Both initial hot plate and water temperatures, control cooling time, controlled temperature ranges of 160 oC to 200 oC, and 260 oC to 300 oC, pressure, volumetric flow rates, impingement water jet 0.8 mm of 30 number holes, nozzles to surface spacing of 40 mm 50 mm, 60 mm and 70 mm, and pipe diameters of 20 mm, 25 mm, 32 mm and 45 mm were parameters investigated. Experimentally, three k-type thermocouples were instrumented and installed 9mm from the bottom surface of the plate of 230 mm length and 120 mm by width. Temperature measurements were taken at impingement target on where convectional and evaporation cooling occurred. Conduction heat transfer modelling allowed the calculation of zero temperature. Transient state temperature across the workpiece was done by Visual Basic Heat Transfer (VBHT) model and MATLAB was employed to analyzed jet flow rates of Reynolds number. From transient cooling data obtained, effects of jet Reynolds number were analyzed .The flow rates were found to be at peak cooling of Re= 2758.596 in the turbulent regime, followed by others at transition states and the least at Re= 860.901 laminar regime. This depicts that the higher the Reynolds number, the higher the flow rate.


Short wave radiation (SWR) and its attenuation with depth have a major impact on the vertical distribution of the oceanic water temperature, dynamical processes, and ocean-atmosphere interactions. In numerical modeling of oceanic processes, the SWR usually comes from the atmospheric model predictions, while the short wave attenuation schemes are internally prescribed (estimated) inside the oceanic dynamical model. It has been reported that atmospheric models show a tendency to overestimate the shortwave radiation due to underestimation of predicted low-level clouds. Most existing schemes to specify the attenuation of SWR with depth in numerical models are based on: the Jerlov (1976) water-types classification; climatological estimates of attenuation coefficients or from the biological model predictions of light-absorbing and scattering water constituents. All of the above attenuation schemes are prone to introducing errors in the attenuation of short wave radiation with depth. As a result, we have to deal with two types of errors in the oceanic modeling: those due to the incorrect specification of the magnitude of SWR at the surface (from the atmospheric model), and those due to inaccurate vertical attenuation of SWR (prescribed in the oceanic model). We have developed an approach for estimating errors in the oceanic model heat budget due to errors in surface values of SWR and in its attenuation with depth. Based on this approach, we present examples illustrating sensitivities of the heat budget of the water column to the changes in specification of surface SWR and its attenuation.


This type of connections was used from the beginning of the steel constructions and is very efficient in some typical cases. Connections with eye bars and pins were used initially in suspension bridges, cantilever truss girders and other structures. In modern steel structures this type of connection is often used in cases when simple solutions are necessary like scaffoldings, mobile structures, emergency bridges, etc, or cases in which a certain rotation (pin connection) is desired like structures on cables, chimney, cable stayed bridges and bowstring bridges. At the end of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century, when the technology of foundation was not yet developed, engineers preferred the cantilever arrangement (known also as the Gerber system) to the continuous bridge, because it has favourable moments along its length and is not subjected to settlement stresses. It is important to mention that the cantilever truss girder is easier to analyse. However a cantilever arrangement requires special hinge connections and is less rigid than a continuous one. Some famous bridges have been built in this system. One of these structures of the past is the Traians bridge over the Mures in Arad, erected in 1910. The main cantilever truss has the following spans: L = 50,05 + 85,30 + 50,05 = 185,40 m. After two World Wars and other damages the bridge is still in operation for usual traffic - cars and tramways (with restrictions for trucks). The bridge is a historical monument of the engineering science and has a remarkable aesthetic aspect and an emblematical importance for the city of Arad. One of the aspects of the rehabilitation project is the analysis of the Gerber hinge which consists of lug plates and bolts in order to assure the movement of the suspended central part of the structure. These elements have to support the reaction force from all the loads on the bridge and they have a complex stress distribution. Due to the different events, the increasing of the traffic and traffic loads, the existence of cracks in these plates is possible and probable. The paper includes also the evaluation of the technical state of the bridge, stress evaluation based on 3D analysis, assessment of the remaining fatigue life.


In this work the synthesis of 2,5 di-substituted ChloroCp * ruthenacyclopentatrienes 10, their structural and spectroscopic properties are presented and their possible suitability for electrical conducting polymers is examined. The results of the synthetic work supports their role as important intermediates. Furthermore the results of the reactivity studies of the ruthenacyclopentatrienes 10 are discussed. Reacting Cp * Ru(COD)Cl 3 in THF or CH 2 Cl 2 with acetylenes gives different products depending on the substituents at the acetylene, the reaction time and reaction temperature. At short reaction time and low temperature the reaction of Cp * Ru(COD)Cl 3 with arene substituted acetylenes results in 2,5 di-arene-Cp*Ruthenacyclopentatrienes 10. All ruthenacyclopentatrienes show for their carben C-atoms characteristic shifts to lower field in their 1 3 C{ 1 H}-NMR spectra. At longer reaction time and higher temperature the reaction of an intermediate Cp * ruthenacyclopentatriene with an additional acetylene results in a cationic sandwich complex [Cp*Ru(benzene)] + 11. Acetylenes with electron donating substituents like propargylic alcohol and propargylic ether give the cyclotrimerisation products 8 as the organic products instead of isolable Cp * ruthenacyclopentatrienes. 1-Hexine as substrate results in trisubstituted benzenes 8 and an unsymmetrically substituted ruthenacyclopentadiene 7 as products. The use of trimethylsilyl acetylene as substrate results in Cp * -Ru (η 4 -cyclobutadiene-1,2-bis trimethysilane)chloride 9 as product. With the compounds 7, 10, 11 the isolation of important intermediates in the cyclotrimerisation of acetylenes succeeded. By reacting the ruthenacyclopentatrienes with electron donating ligands a transformation to ruthenacyclpentadienes should be obtained, so the electronic properties of the metal centres could be changed and the bond framework maintained. In the reaction of the ruthenacyclopentatrienes with phosphines and phosphites the initiatory step is the nucleophilic attack of the phosphorus at the ruthenium centre. The progress of the reaction depends on the substrate used. With PMe 3 and P(OMe) 3 a rearrangement to cationic allyl carbenes 14 and neutral allyl carbenes 15 respectively occurs. With P(OMe) 3 in a parallel reaction fulvene phosphole sandwich complexes 16 as second products are obtained. The reaction of PPh 3 with 10c runs in a different direction, by double orthometallation of the phenyl rings of the PPh 3 the bezoyle phosphepin derivative 17 is obtained. It was shown that it is possible to embed the ruthenacyclopentatriene fragment into a polymer. The analytical data confirm its structure. The studies on the electrochemical properties of the ruthenacyclopentatriene by cyclic voltammetry demonstrate the reversible reduction of the complexes. The position of the reduction potential depends strongly on the p-substituents on the phenyl ring. An irreversible oxidation of the complexes occurs depending on the solvent. UV-VIS spectroscopy of the Cp * ruthenacyclopentatrienes and their reaction products with phosphines and phosphites show characteristic absorption bands for the ruthenacyclopentatrienes, their position depends on the p-substituent on the phenyl ring. The UV-VIS spectrum of the polymeric ruthenacyclopentatriene clarifies the similarity of the electronic structure with the monomeric compounds 10.


A global economy is emerging and resources are becoming concentrated on core business activities rather than diversification, which is why there is a move toward outsourcing. Due to the liberal use of suppliers, buying companies have to rely on their suppliers to deliver defect free product in a timely and cost-effective manner. Buyers must ensure that their supplier capabilities match their expectations in order to compete in the competitive market. Approximately one-third of firm production projects fail due to the supplier's underperformance. The purpose of the study therefore will be to evaluate the influence of supplier development on operational performance of selected agro-processing firms listed in the Nairobi stock exchange. Specifically, the study sought to assess how value management, reverse marketing and supplier training affect operational performance of manufacturing firms listed in the Nairobi stock exchange. The study was guided by the Principal Agent Theory, the Utility Theory and the Resource Based View Theory. The study adopted the survey research design. The target population for this study, therefore was management and procurement and operational staff manufacturing firms Nairobi Securities Exchange in Kenya which was 140. The research used the census sampling technique and data will be collected using self-administered questionnaires. The data was analyzed using both descriptive and inferential statistical methods. The descriptive statistics involved the use of frequencies and percentages to help to provide the basic characteristics of the data. Inferential statistics involved the use of correlation and multiple regression models to determine the nature of the relationship between the variables. On the first objective, the study concludes that supplier value management development has a significant influence on operational performance. On the second objective, the study concludes that reverse markets reward a significant impact on operational performance. On the third objective, the study concludes that supplier training have a significant impact on operational performance. The management should have suppliers value management. This will help ascertain the specific areas that suppliers value management Reverse Markets Similarly the managers should put emphasis on it to maintain the positive relationship between suppliers and operations of the company. Managers should train suppliers for effective service delivery which improves performance. Finally, on supplier development in general, management should consider it as influencers of operational performance.


A calculation of the impurity induced infrared absorption in GaAs is presented on the basis of a Green function technique. Numerical values for the scalar effective charges of different single defects and their lattice neighbours have been obtained by comparison with the experimental absorption rates. It is shown that the full effective charge tensor has to be employed for the description of double defect absorption bands, although the non-diagonal elements are likely to be small compared with the diagonal elements. Good agreement between theory and experiment is found for the proposed structure of a Te-Li complex.