TiCN nanopowder deposited in an appropriate way on the surface of an AlSi12Cu2NiMg substrate was incorporated in the matrix using an electron beam technology. The samples were studied by means of light microscopy, SEM, and EDX; their microhardness was also determined. The formation was found of a uniform and dense coating with a thickness of 7 – 10 μgm with a good adherence to the substrate. A modified zone appeared under the coating with a thickness of 100 – 150 μgm containing dendrites of an α-solid solution and a fine eutectic between them, as well as primary silicon crystals. The microhardness of this modified zone was up to 2.4 times higher than that of the matrix. The results of SEM and EDX studies revealed unambiguously the presence of titanium in the coating and in the zones below it. Obviously, the electron beam treatment resulted in the TiCN nanoparticles penetrating into the coating and the substrate immediately below the coating.


The invention provides a power supply circuit which comprises a rectification circuit, a filter circuit, and a constant voltage control circuit, which are connected each other in turn. The filter circuit includes a first element of electricity charge and discharge and a second element of electricity charge and discharge which are connected in series under the state of charge and are in parallel connection with each other under the state of discharge; the rectification circuit transfers an input AC voltage signal into a DC pulsating voltage signal which is then output to the filter circuit; the filter circuit processes filtering to the DC pulsating voltage signal by the charge and the discharge of the first element of electricity charge and discharge and the second element of electricity charge and discharge; and the constant voltage control circuit transfers the DC voltage signal obtained after filtering into a steady DC voltage signal and then output.


Industrial psychological research has generally been oriented with respect to the interests of management. As a consequence certain areas are not open to research. There is a need for a social approach to industrial psychological problems by psychologists searching for solutions to basic problems. Several approaches of this nature have been made but they are only indications of what might be accomplished if psychologists would turn their efforts to a study of such problems. A promising and valuable type of research which has been almost completely ignored is the broad-gauge attitude and opinion studies bearing on labor relations. There are many urgent questions which such studies would answer. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2012 APA, all rights reserved)


The structure of Indian Judiciary is very similar to the common law British structure and it was designed to be exploitative in nature. It being a power institution that constitutes a part of the modern state, Indian Judiciary not only exercises authority over all of India it is also at the same time a democratic institution. The structure of the colonial euro-centric institutions is such that the locus and focus of responsibility can never be realised at the same time and at the same place. This naturally creates the paradox in institutional responsibility which is a natural consequence of irrational bureaucratic structure within the institution of judiciary.
The first half of this paper starts critically reviewing the problems facing the Judiciary in India from the point of view of its euro-centric structure and the various malaise that this irrational structure results into. In the second half the paper reviews and recommends the application of New maanagerial philosophies to the structural aspects of Indian Judiciary with the aim of structurally rationalising it.


Abstract: A VPN is an essential tool for securing your personal data and protecting your privacy online. We've put together the ultimate guide to VPNs to show you what a VPN does, how VPNs work, and how they protect you. Learn how to choose the right VPN, or secure your privacy right now by downloading our own powerful and lightning-fast VPN app. A VPN works by using encryption protocols to funnel all your internet traffic through an encrypted tunnel a virtual private network between your computer and a remote VPN server. This hides your IP address and secures your data, preventing others from intercepting it. Without a VPN, all your internet traffic is potentially exposed to your internet service provider (ISP), the government, advertisers, or other people on your network. That's why VPN connections boost your privacy and security online. VPN is virtual because it's created digitally there isn't a physical cable that reaches from your device directly to the VPN server.


With the continuous attention to the parallel computing system, the reliability of the system, which is mainly measured by two parameters, connectivity and diagnosability, needs to be constantly studied and improved. At present, the component connectivities of some networks have been extensively studied, while the component diagnosabilities of these networks have rarely involved in. In this article, some networks with common characteristics are summarized as a class of regular networks. The definition of this kind of networks is given, and its reliability based on component failures is determined. To be specific, we prove that <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$c\kappa _{m+1}(G)=m(k-1)-\binom{m}{2}+1$</tex-math></inline-formula> for <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$1\leq m\leq k-2$</tex-math></inline-formula> and <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$ct_{m+1}(G)=(m+1)k-\binom{m}{2}-2\ m$</tex-math></inline-formula> for <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$1\leq m\leq k-2$</tex-math></inline-formula> under the PMC model, where <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$c\kappa _{m+1}(G)$</tex-math></inline-formula> and <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$ct_{m+1}(G)$</tex-math></inline-formula> represent the <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$(m+1)$</tex-math></inline-formula>-component connectivity and the <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$(m+1)$</tex-math></inline-formula>-component diagnosability of such networks <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$G$</tex-math></inline-formula>, respectively. Based on this, we design a low time complexity component diagnosis algorithm for this kind of networks. As applications, the above two component reliability parameters of many famous networks are explored. Furthermore, the proposed diagnosis algorithm is simulated on these networks, and the results show that the algorithm has high diagnosis accuracy for various networks.


A Synthesis of 20th-Century Archaeological Work at Fremont Sites in the Provo River Delta, Utah Adrien Mooney Department of Anthropology, BYU Master of Arts Throughout the 20th century, a significant amount of work was conducted at archaeological sites in Utah Valley dating to the Archaic, Fremont, and Late Prehistoric periods. Despite the amount of work conducted, very little has actually been reported in the past. As a result, very little has previously been known about either the prehistoric archaeology of the Provo River Delta area or the historic archaeological work that has taken place. This thesis presents a synthesis of historical work, a reanalysis of artifacts from previous excavations, and a review of extant documentation (including field notes, maps, and student reports) of several sites in the Provo River Delta, including the Hinckley Mounds, Seamons Mound, and the Bee Sites.


ABSTRACT Conventional wisdom among scholars of Latin American politics holds that informal workers are less participatory and less left-leaning than formal workers. Relevant empirical findings, however, are mixed and in need of synthesis. This article provides that synthesis by conducting meta-analyses on the universe of previous quantitative studies of informality and the vote. It finds that informal workers are indeed less likely to vote than formal workers, but the effect of informality is small—just four to seven percentage points. It further finds that informal workers are more likely to vote for the left, not the right, but here the effect size is even smaller. Meta-regression analyses reveal that in countries where organized professional activity among informal workers is high, gaps in turnout between the two sectors are minimal. The article concludes that the conventional wisdom over-states the individual-level political consequences of labor informality in Latin America.


The present invention discloses a diesel vehicle energy management system and method of generating a DC power distribution under way. Including diesel generators, diesel generator controller, AC power distribution equipment, AC / DC rectifier, DC / DC change, a DC power distribution apparatus, the main control unit and the battery pack. The use of the current load, energy management method implemented by a reasonable load control measures, while improving the fuel efficiency of diesel generator, the battery charging section of the high energy stored in the battery pack, the battery pack and discharge of efficient interval, closed diesel generator, a battery pack using the load. When the battery pack efficient power generation section end, and conversion to diesel generator power supply mode, and then perform load distribution control system and control measures. The present invention can improve the fuel efficiency of the vehicle-mounted diesel generator system, the vehicle-mounted diesel extend power generation system.


In this paper, we aim to study the impact of the shift in herding tendency on the diffusion of internet investment products in modular social networks. The epidemic spreading mechanism is applied and numerical analyses are conducted. The results suggest that the increase in herding tendency slows down the diffusion process and postpones the outbreak time of the diffusion, but such negative effects can be compromised when the independent acceptance willingness is high. When independent acceptance willingness is low, the limited extent of the herding tendency increases the diffusion scope. In addition, the expansion of the propagation lifetime or the increase of the clustering coefficient increases the threshold so that the herding tendency has an effect on outbreak size. Further, the growth of the herding propensity tends to magnify the positive influence of the clustering coefficient and the negative effect of the modularity.


Networks-in-Package (NiP) is a solution for inter Networks-on-Chip (NoC) communication, where power dissipation, performance, and size of processing package are the major factors. NiP is a group of NoCs mounted on a single package. In this paper, we proposed a new method, which merges the two communications, local communication between the Intellectual Property (IP) cores in a NoC and global communication between NoCs in NiP. In addition to this, we proposed that the transfer of information in NoC and among NoCs can be represented using closed donor controlled based compartmental model, convertible into a stochastic model. This stochastic model is more realistic and enables to compute the transition probabilities as well as expected delay in NoC and among NoCs. Moreover, at any particular instant of time (while the transition probability is maximum) we can track the packets among switching elements (SEs). These tracked packets are used in the real time applications such as data acquisitions and control applications.


The genetic diversities of 110 pummelo germplasms and 12 of their relatives were analyzed by SSR and AFLP methods. Approximately 99.1% of the 335 SSR loci were polymorphic, and 9.85 alleles per SSR locus were identified. The gene diversity values changed from 0.1939 to 0.9073, and 46 SSR polymorphic bands were scored. 72% of the 343 AFLP loci were polymorphic, and 82 polymorphic loci per AFLP were identified. Heterozygosity changed from 0.21863 to 0.28445, and 44 AFLP polymorphic bands were scored. The UPGMA result showed that 122 pummelo genotypes and their relatives could be divided into eight groups, and the pummelo genotypes composed mainly of Shatian pummelo varieties group, Wendan pummelo vareties group and a huge hybrid pummelo varieties group. The classification result was expected to widen the genetic background of pummelos using various target varieties.


Future wireless networks based on Ultra-Wideband (UWB) will offer localization capabilities with centimeter accuracy. We propose to use this inherently obtainable location knowledge to adapt the transceiver to the multipath channel conditions. This saves overhead for channel estimation and dissemination and enables low cost, low complexity and low power data transmission. In particular, we study the location-aware adaptation of generalized energy detection receivers for UWB impulse radio communication with binary pulse position modulation. Conventionally, these receivers are very vulnerable to narrowband interference. Therefore, we derive transmitter and receiver optimization schemes based on the Signal-to-Interference-plus-Noise-Ratio (SINR): First, we present the SINR optimization based on full channel knowledge. The location knowledge is then incorporated by means of a statistical channel model, which depends on the position of the nodes. Performance evaluation based on a simple channel model is used to give insight about the fundamental behavior of the derived optimization schemes. Moreover, an extensive measurement campaign in a rich scattering environment proves that location information can improve the data transmission and helps to successfully suppress narrowband interference. Performance gains of 2 to 5 dB compared to conventional energy detection can be obtained.


A few years ago, Bas van Fraassen reminded philosophers of science that there are two central questions that a theory of explanation ought to answer. First, what is a (good) explanation—when has something been explained satisfactorily? Second, why do we value explanations? (van Fraassen, 1977, 1980, ch. 5). For a long time, discussions of explanation concentrated on technical problems connected with the first of these questions, and the second was by and large ignored. But, in fact, I think it is the second question which raises the more fundamental and interesting philosophical issues. I shall offer reasons for thinking that the answer to the first question requires acceptance of the sort of fullblown notion of causation that only a scientific realist can love, and that the answer to the second question requires a realist construal of scientific theories and scientific methodology. My argument will be mainly negative, surveying the problems facing some major alternative accounts of explanation. A full elaboration of the realist perspective will have to await the completion of work in progress.


Through the study on drawing behavior and habit of designers,the paper gave a sketch understanding method which combined stroke semantic feature and geometric feature.The paper's purpose was to build a hand-drawn interface system for concept design personnel in the creative development research.According to conceptual sketching process,the paper extracted strokes types,and analyzed the semantic features.By the concept definition of "bending threshold" and "pressure strength threshold",it used threshold detection to determine the strokes types,which could be used into rough stages.The results made different stages,different types of stroke function effectively classified and auxiliary recognized.The designers could choose the way between drafting interface and understanding interface by man-machine interactive function in the sketching process.The test result shows that this kind of method not only can get a hand-drawn effect,but also shall not prevent the designer's creative thinking process and can meet the personalized drawing habit.


The diagnosis and treatment of hypertension are traditionally based on blood pressure (BP) readings taken by a doctor. There are many good reasons to rely on such readings. They are a valuable indicator of cardiovascular risk, and long-term reduction of these office or clinic BP (referred to below as casual BPs) markedly diminishes the occurrence of cardiovascular and renal complications. Even the most recent interventional outcome trials have used casual BPs as inclusion and target BPs [1,2]. Routine measurement of BP in everyday practice remains essential not only to detect hypertensive patients, but also to monitor the impact of lifestyle changes and antihypertensive therapy. To be reliable, casual BPs should be obtained in standardized conditions using validated devices, and repeated on different visits at several weekly or monthly intervals, unless the severity of hypertension or the presence of target organ damage requires a prompt BP lowering [3].


In order to elucidate the influence of the pretreatment on the (catalytic) properties of silver catalysts containing large silver particles (± 1 µ m), the interaction of oxygen and hydrogen with reduced and pre-oxidized samples has been investigated. The effect of the presence of caesium on the silver surface has also been investigated. Volumetric (ad)sorption of oxygen and hydrogen, TPD experiments, combined with chemisorption measurements, and electron microscopy were used as characterization techniques.The combined results indicate that the penetration of oxygen into these large silver particles does not occur to any significant extent. When the catalysts are saturated with oxygen, only ca. 40% of the monolayer coverage of oxygen atoms is situated in the subsurface layers.This type of pretreatment exhibited small, but distinct, effects on the uptake of oxygen and hydrogen at 443 K. Higher uptake of oxygen was observed after reduction of the catalyst at more elevated temperatures. The presence of caesium lessens considerably the variation in the uptake.


1 From the Department of Radiology (H.L.K.) and MCP Hahnemann School of Public Health (M.P.), University of Pennsylvania Medical Center, 3600 Market St, Suite 370, Philadelphia, PA 19104. Received November 21, 2001; revision requested January 29, 2002; revision received March 4; accepted March 11. Supported by grant P01 CA 53141 from the National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Public Health Service, Department of Health and Human Services. Address correspondence to H.L.K. (e-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com). © RSNA, 2003 Measurement of Observer Agreement


Rifting,post-rift subsidence took place in the Pearl River Mouth Basin(PRMB) of the northern South China Sea during the Tertiary period.The structure of the basin is characterized by NEE-running belts of depressions and uplifts blocked by NW-striking faults.The authors compiled lithofacies and paleogeographic maps for the Tertiary Shenhu,Wenchang,Enping,Zhuhai,and Zhujiang formations of the entire PRMB based on summary of individual studies in the published literature.The Shenhu Formation consists of alluvial fans and lacustrine sediments distributed along the southern fault of the Zhu III depression.The Wenchang Formation is characterized by intermediate and deep lacustrine facies.Fluvial facies are widely developed in the Enping Formation.The Nanhai Movement in late Early Oligocene signified the transition from rifting stage to post-rifting stage,also a transition from continental to marine sedimentation in the PRMB.The Zhuhai Formation consists of transitional sediments,and the Zhujiang and later formations are of marine facies.The compiled lithofacies and paleogeographic maps for the PRMB provide a useful regional background for comprehensive studies of lithofacies and paleogeography of individual districts in the basin.


The κ-deformed D = 4 Poincaré superalgebra written in Hopf superalgebra form is transformed to the basis with classical Lorentz subalgebra generators. We show that in such a basis the κ-deformed D = 4 Poincaré superalgebra can be written as graded bicrossproduct. We show that the κ-deformed D = 4 superalgebra acts covariantly on κ-deformed chiral superspace. Institute of Physics, University of Lódź, ul. Pomorska 149/153, 90-236 Lódź, Poland. SISSA, via Beirut 9, Trieste-Miramare, Italy, on leave of absence from the Institute for Theoretical Physics, University of Wroc law, pl. Maxa Borna 9, 50-204 Wroc law, Poland. Dept. of Functional Analysis, Institute of Mathematics, University of Lódź, ul. S. Banacha 22, 90-238 Lódź, Poland. International Centre for Theoretical Physics, 34100 Trieste, Italy, on leave of absence from Institute for Theoretical Physics, University of Wroc law, pl. Maxa Borna 9, 50-204 Wroc law, Poland. Partially supported by KBN grant 2P 302 21706. Partially supported by KBN grant 2P 302 08706.


Nuclear energy has long been controversial in Germany: for four decades there has been a fierce debate between proponents and opponents of nuclear power, and anti-nuclear protests started in the 1970s. The Atomic Energy Act (AEA), which came into effect in 1960, has subsequently been adjusted 13 times. It is the legal foundation of 'the peaceful utilization of atomic power' and was intended to promote nuclear research, and the development and use of nuclear energy (OECD 2011, p. 5). Together with the formation of the Ministry of Atomic Affairs in 1956, it provided the platform upon which the nuclear industry developed virtually unhindered by any political opposition for nearly 20 years. A powerful nuclear infrastructure was established, involving statefunded research centres, a nuclear construction industry and electricity utilities committed to a nuclear future. Giant German corporations such as Siemens, AEG and ThyssenKrupp led the way in nuclear technology. Not only were the political camps convinced by the technological advantages of nuclear energy, but the public also supported nuclear policy. However, two political developments hindered this smooth policy trajectory. First, the open question of the final disposal of nuclear waste mobilised many people against nuclear energy. In the 1970s, the German approach was to create a giant nuclear reprocessing and waste disposal centre in Gorleben, a fairly remote, rural area in the north-east of West Germany. These plans were – and still are – strongly opposed by the local farming population, vigorously supported by anti-nuclear groups from around the country. The second event that prompted a substantive re-evaluation of nuclear energy among some groups was the nuclear meltdown in Chernobyl in 1986. The nuclear power conflict was also a major reason for the establishment of one of the strongest Green parties in the world. The Greens challenged the opposition Social Democratic Party (SPD) on this issue, ultimately resulting in


Significance There is a growing view that the bare water–hydrophobic interface spontaneously acquires a significant negative charge. Recent bare nanoemulsion studies support this notion, invoking the charge as the primary stabilizing factor. This study reports the creation of bare nanoemulsions that have moderate stability but nearly zero negative surface charge. Surface spectroscopic studies show that there is an enhanced bonding between oil and water at the droplet surface relative to a comparable planar interface that is concluded to be a contributing factor to their stabilization. The results are relevant to soft water–hydrophobic interfaces in the presence and absence of charge that are common in nanosized biological, geological, and environmental systems. The stabilization of nanoemulsions, nanosized oil droplets dispersed in water, is commonly achieved through the addition of surfactants and polymers. However, nanoemulsions in the absence of emulsifiers have been observed to acquire a significant negative charge at their surface, which ultimately contributes to their stability. While the source of this negative charge is disputed to this day, its presence is taken as an inherent property of the aqueous–hydrophobic interface. This report provides a look at the molecular structure and bonding characteristics of bare aqueous–hydrophobic nanoemulsion interfaces. We report the creation of bare nanoemulsions with near zero surface charge, which are marginally stable for several days. The process of creating these low-charge nanoemulsions (LCNEs) required rigorous cleaning procedures and proper solvent storage conditions. Using vibrational sum-frequency scattering spectroscopy, we measure the structure and bonding of the interfacial aqueous and hydrophobic phases. The surfaces of these LCNE samples possess a measurable free OH vibration, not found in previous studies and indicative of a clean interface. Tuning the nanoemulsion charge through addition of anionic surfactants, modeling potential surface-active contaminants, we observe the free OH to disappear and a reorientation of the interfacial hydrophobic molecules at micromolar surfactant concentrations. Notably, the free OH vibration provides evidence for stronger dispersion interactions between water molecules and the hydrophobic phase at the LCNE surface compared with similar planar water–alkane interfaces. We propose the stronger bonding interactions, in addition to an ordered interfacial aqueous layer, contribute to the delayed droplet coalescence and subsequent phase separation.


The Wafer Test cavity was designed to create a short sample test system to determine the properties of the superconducting materials and S-I-S hetero-structures. The project, funded by ARRA, was successful in accomplishing several goals to achieving a high gradient test system for SRF research and development. The project led to the design and construction of the two unique cavities that each severed unique purposes: the Wafer test Cavity and the Sapphire Test cavity. The Sapphire Cavity was constructed first to determine the properties of large single crystal sapphires in an SRF environment. The data obtained from the cavity greatly altered the design of the Wafer Cavity and provided the necessary information to ascertain the Wafer Test cavity's performance.


This work deals with the packet loss problem in a Distributed Speech Recognition architecture. A packet loss simulation model is first proposed in order to simulate different channel degradation conditions. In these conditions, the performance of our continuous French speech recognition system is evaluated for packets containing different numbers of speech feature vectors. Several reconstruction strategies, to recover lost information, are proposed and evaluated. The results first confirm the intuitive fact that the word error rate obviously increases with the size of the lost packets and with the channel degradation level. However, it is shown that simple reconstruction strategies allow to recover acceptable performance. The most efficient ones are those using interleaving technique to distribute the speech information among packets, combined with interpolation methods to estimate lost acoustic features.


The damage mechanism and causes of the shaft lining structures are introduced, and the advantages and disadvantages of some current shaft lining structures are analyzed. The prospects of steel plate-high strength concrete composite shaft lining structure are proposed in this paper.


The science of rheology is increasingly used to describe the properties of fresh cement paste. Compared to standard workability tests, rheological properties allow for more fundamental investigation, more precise phenomenological description of flow properties and serve as input for numerical simulations. Standard commercially available rheometers are typically used to perform those measurements. However, the results of the measurement depend on the geometry, testing procedure and a number of potential artefacts which may occur. This technical letter describes the most common techniques and procedures used to assess the rheological properties of cement paste, as well as challenges during measurements and actions to counter these challenges.


Among the modern Chinese categories, "Shangqie" is a conjunction frequently used in sentences. It can be often used with "hekuang(not to say…)" so as to form the complex sentence "Shangqie A, hekuang B. (A, not to say B. ) ". The principal clause , "Shangqie A" , is a complete sentence with its own subject and predicate, and the subordinate clauses, "hekuang B" , expresses different ellipsis according to the differences between the semantics of the two subjects in the principal clause and in the subordinate clause. This type of sentence has the terminology simple and direct, explicit language of the watch idea with characteristics.


SARS-CoV-2 therapeutic antibody discovery efforts have met with notable success but have been associated with a generally inefficient process, requiring the production and characterization of exceptionally large numbers of candidates for the identification of a small set of leads. Here, we show that incorporating antibody–ligand blocking as part of LIBRA-seq, the high-throughput sequencing platform for antibody discovery, results in efficient identification of ultra-potent neutralizing antibodies against SARS-CoV-2. LIBRA-seq with ligand blocking is a general platform for functional antibody discovery targeting the disruption of antigen–ligand interactions.


Summary

Speed of emergence of juveniles from cysts in potato root diffusate (PRD) in vitro differed between Globodera rostochiensis and G. pallida and between populations within each species. Early emergence in vitro was slower in most populations of G. pallida than in most populations of G. rostochiensis. Fewer G. rostochiensis juveniles emerged from 4 or 6 month old than from 4 yr old cysts.

More G. rostochiensis emerged in solutions of sodium metavanadate at concentrations of 10-2 and 10-3 M than in PRD and as many G. pallida emerged in the same solutions as in PRD. In plots of bare fallowed sandy loam, emergence of G. pallida was stimulated by 10--3 M sodium metavanadate. The emergence of two populations of C. pallida in PRD was stimulated by the addition of benomyl at 0.1 ppm (3.4 × 10--7 m). In microplots, cv. Cara potatoes grown for 8 wk decreased four populations of G. pallida by up to 93%. During a 4 wk period in PRD, more than 20 juveniles per gravid female emerged from five of 25 populations of G. pallida. In root observation boxes in which cv. Desiree was grown, oxamyl applied to the top 15 cm of a peaty loam soil greatly increased G. pallida in soil 1545 cm deep. In another peaty loam, but not in a sandy loam, the same treatment appeared to increase the nematode in soil 15–30 cm deep. Oxamyl incorporated in the uninfested top 15 cm of all three soils largely prevented nematode increase from juveniles migrating upwards from untreated heavily infested soil 15–30 cm deep.

These experiments suggest that inadequate control of G. pallida increase on susceptible potatoes by an oximecarbamate nematicide of short persistence, such as oxamyl, is primarily due to the slow rate of juvenile emergence in most populations of G. pallida, with a second generation and the upward migration of juveniles from deeper untreated soil later in the growing season as potential contributory factors.


The relationship between red and black coloured soils in the so-called 'red and black' soilscapes in humid tropical environments has been well documented in the literature. This change in colour is especially striking because it is linked with the landscape position: red soils in the highlands and black soils in the lowlands. The obvious change in colour is also associated with a change in the clay mineralogy: from a mixture composed mostly of iron oxides and kaolinite to one dominated by smectitic minerals. These soilscapes are also more commonly observed in areas where igneous and volcanic rocks occur as parent materials, since these provide the necessary physicochemical conditions for the formation of smectites. As the parent materials become more intensely leached, the mineralogy becomes dominated by kaolinite and iron oxides, giving rise to the red coloured soils, while smectites either elluviate and accumulate or crystallize directly from the soil solutions in the lower landscape positions.


Groups of 14- to 16-yr.-old males who were blind, deaf or normal were administered selected stunts from the Iowa-Brace Motor Educability Test and the Ohio State University Step Test. The non-handicapped students scored significantly higher on the motor educability test than the deaf students. The deaf students scored significantly higher than the non-handicapped students on the Ohio State University Step Test. The deaf student's problem area on the motor educability test was balance due to damage of vestibular mechanism associated with the etiology of deafness. The blind students scored in between the others on both tests and were not significantly different from either. It was concluded that balance-oriented activities should be in the curriculum of the handicapped and that impaired cardio-respiratory fitness is not to be associated with blindness and deafness.


At Erasama block, a part of the coastal waterlogged area in Jagat singhpur district of Orissa, which has been severely damaged by super cyclone, a number of micro water resources in the fonn of sub surface water harvesting structure (SSWHS) was constructed on participatory basis, each catering to agroup of resourcepoorfanner. The Costofthe structuresvariedfrom Rs. 9.5l1m3 to Rs. 16.80/m3 of water storage. The recharge rate from the SSWHS varied from 1.58 m3/hr to 4.7 m3/hr in the sandy zone and from 1.01 m3/hr to 3.4 m3/hr in the clayey zone. Income from fish per cubic meter capacity of SSWHS varied from Rs. 2.96/- to Rs.12.23/-. By following integrated farming system approach total income varied from Rs. 12.93 to Rs.47.20 per m3 capacity in the first year itself. The Beratio varied from 0.67 to 2.3 and water productivity varied from Rs. 8.87 to Rs. 47.99 per m3. Hence micro water resource development and management in coastal waterlogged area is sustainable and profitable through the adoption of integrated farming system approach.


The main constraint to the aquaculture development is the disease, which hampers the production and economic cycle very badly. A variety of pathogenic organisms produce infectious disease in fish and the diseases occur frequently in nursery, rearing and grow-out ponds causing serious concern to aquaculturits. Initiation of disease in fish is a complex process interacting set of circle of the host, pathogen, and environment creating a conducive condition for an outbreak of disease. The impact of various abiotic and biotic factors on the prevelance/occurrence of the disease in coldwater fishes has not been studied well. Also the fish diseases prevalent in Wular lake (Asia's largest freshwater lake) was completely unexplored till the present research was carried out. The results of the work can be practically applied in farms for prevention of the outbreak of the disease in coldwater areas.


Background: Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) targeting the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) have been the standard first-line therapy in patients with metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). There have been no head to head comparisons among gefitinib, erlotinib, and afatinib for such patients, brain metastasis in EGFR-mutant NSCLC. The best EGFR-TKI for their treatment is not yet known. We aimed to assess the relative efficacy among gefitinib, erlotinib, and afatinib using network meta-analysis. Methods: A systematic literature review with electronic databases was conducted. We included patients with brain metastasis and EGFR positive NSCLC. End-points were objective response rate (ORR), progression free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS) and adverse events. Data were extracted from included studies. We regarded different standard chemotherapy regimens as "chemotherapy" for network comparisons. Results: Eight studies involving 446 patients with brain metastasis and EGFR positive NSCLC were enrolled in the meta-analysis. Rank probability showed that afatinib had potentially better PFS compared with gefitinib and erlotinib (HR (95% CI): 0.76 (0.06-6.82); 1.00 (0.04-26.10) and 2.20 (0.03-170.64) respectively). Gefitinib revealed better OS than erlotinib and afatinib (HR (95% CI): 0.42(0.10-1.70); 1.03 (0.01-76.98) and 1.14(0.14-9.01) respectively). The data of objective response rate and adverse events for analysis were not available. Conclusions: The published data for EGFR mutant NSCLC patients with brain metastasis were limited. Our study indicated potentially better outcomes of afatinib and gefitinib in this population.


It would have been better, perhaps, to choose a more modest title. The Soviet Union comprises an area of one-sixth of the earth's land surface, and has a population of one hundred and sixty million people of diverse tongues and racial origins; and it would tax the ingenuity of a single foreign observer to include in this brief survey a series of reports on education in Kazakstan, in the Caucasus, in the Urals, and among the Bashkir and Kirghiz and Yakut peoples. It is possible, however, whether or not one has first-hand knowledge of educational practice in those regions, to give an account of the general theory of Soviet education, since this is more or less uniform throughout the continent. Such an account may be supplemented by personal impressions of the way the educational system works in various localities. In any attempt to describe education in the Soviet Union at the present day, it is necessary to take into account many other things besides education; above all it is essential to approach the subject from the standpoint of Soviet internal politics. By politics in this instance one means, of course, Bolshevik political science, the Communist dictatorship and tenets of Communism, the theories of Marx, Engels and Lenin. It is also essential to pay detailed attention to the economic development of Soviet Russia if the development of the Soviet educational system is to be adequately understood.


This paper expounds the advantage of applying the virtual reality technology to the practical teaching of surveying.It analyses the problems in practical teaching of surveying at present,and discusses how to solve these problems by using virtual reality technology.Finally,it presents the constitution of the virtual-experiment teaching system of surveying.


Priority: • The school will build stronger connections through the You can do It philosophy with families and community in developing common understandings of expectations in relation to attendance retention and pathways making education a priority for all students. Target: • By the end of 2011, the attendance rate will be 85%. • By the end of 2011 lateness will have been reduced by 50%. • By the end of 2011 there is a common language supporting students to make informed decisions around their behaviour • By the end of 2011 all secondary students have planned pathways Priority: • Ensure that every student at Coober Pedy demonstrates improvement in English as measured by Australian standards • To develop a whole school approach to improvement in reading and NFT writing • All staff gain an explicit understanding of the reading process in leading to improvements in oral & reading comprehension for all students. • In doing so all students will gain an exposure through the implementation and usage of a variety of genres. •All students gain a thorough understanding of Non fiction text writing in particular Persuasive texts. Targets: • By the end of 2011 all staff will be trained and using Running Records as a tool to improve student reading comprehension. • By the end of 2011, all students will have increased 5 Running Records levels. • By the end of 2011 all students will achieve national minimum standard in NAPLAN-Reading. •By the end of 2011 all Year 1 students will know their 42 jolly phonics sounds. Year 2s to know their alternative and irregular sounds •All students complete SACE units for English in Year 11 and 12 Priority: • Ensure that every student at Coober Pedy R—12 demonstrates improvement in Mathematics conceptual understanding as measured by Australian standards • The school will focus on student improvement in using Number and Computational work, through a whole school approach to Numeracy during 2011. • In doing so teachers will focus on the investigation of number as a tool to support pedagogy. Targets: • All staff commence PD in the Australian Curriculum specifically Mathematics to support increased student mathematical skills. • By end of 2011 all students will achieve national minimum standard in Numeracy NAPLAN. • By the end of 2011 all students will be working at the expected level in Number according to the Australian curriculum. •All students complete SACE units for Mathematics in Year 11 and 12


This paper examines the possibility to use McDonald's as a leading indicator for economic growth and stability. A small number of alternative hypotheses are also explored. The theory that McDonald's can be used as an economic indicator originates in Thomas L. Friedman's "Golden Arches Theory of Conflict Prevention" which presents a relationship between McDonald's and political stability. Common statistical tests (chi-square) are applied on international GDP data for empirical theory testing. The results suggest that McDonald's can be used as an indicator for good long-term growth and stability.


This study explores the formation of buyer-seller relationships in markets with observable quality. We develop a framework that provides an intuitive basis for the formation of relationships within such markets. A key feature of our framework is that as individuals gain experience in the marketplace, they resolve uncertainty over unobserved bargainer types. Relationships thus form as a means to reduce such transactions costs and uncertainty. We explore the usefulness of our model using a battery of simulations and experimental treatments. Overall, we find that our conjectures are largely confirmed. Most importantly, market structure critically influences the quantitative impact of relationships on overall market efficiency. In certain important cases, a greater number of buyer-seller relationships can reduce market efficiency. JEL: C93, D4


The invention discloses a packaging structure with a reconfiguration chip, comprising a chip, a first high polymer material layer, a sealing compound body, a second high polymer material layer and a base plate; wherein, the active surface of the chip is configured with a plurality of solder pads; the first high polymer material layer covers the active surface of the chip and is electrically connected with the solder pads by a plurality of conducting posts; the sealing compound body is used for covering the four surfaces of the chip; the second high polymer material layer covers the sealing compound body and the first high polymer material layer and exposes out of a plurality of conducting posts; a plurality of fan-shaped metal wire sections cover the second high polymer material layer, and one end of each metal wire section is electrically connected with each conducting post; a plurality of conducting elements are electrically connected with the other end of each metal wire section; the base plate is fixedly connected with the lower surface of the chip by an adhesion layer.


Effective scheduling of a distributed application is one of the major issues in distributed computing systems since scheduling algorithms are playing an important role in achieving better performance. A popular representation of an application is directed acyclic graph (DAG), The DAG scheduling problem has been shown to be NP-complete. To introduce an Effective Processor Selection (EPS) algorithm to effectively schedule the application tasks onto the heterogeneous processors. The algorithm is mainly focused on minimizing the application execution time and best processor selection. Although few algorithms in literature for heterogeneous processors, they usually require earliest finish time (EFT) to finish schedule. We present with an objective to meet performance and fast scheduling time, EPS algorithm select the tasks at priority to assign the task. On other hand, processor selection based on constraint satisfaction Problem (CSP) feature.


Abstract The binding of bishydroxycoumarin to human serum albumin was studied by means of spectrophotometry, solubility analysis, and equilibrium dialysis. The data were interpreted on the basis of the theory of multiple equilibria. The human serum albumin-bishydroxycoumarin association is exothermic and occurs spontaneously under the experimental conditions. The αβ-unsaturated lactone structure in bishydroxycoumarin is involved in the complexation. A heterogeneity of binding sites on human serum albumin was observed. The average number of the first-type binding sites is approximately three. The corresponding intrinsic association constant is equal to 1.7 × 10 5 1./mole at 40° and 3.5 × 10 5 1./mole at 20°. The binding sites are believed to be hydrophobic regions, probably located in the interior of the human serum albumin molecule whose van der Waals' contour approximates and thus, in a sense is selective for, the bishydroxycoumarin molecule. The selectivity of the binding sites was supported by the large contribution of Δ H ° to Δ H °. The main binding energy is derived from nonionic sources.


The present invention generally relates to an electrolyte solution used to manufacture an electrolytic copper foil for a secondary battery electrode collector and a printed circuit, and based on a 1-liter electrolyte solution, the present invention contains: 0.5 to 40 mg of at least one sulfur compound selected from a disulfur compound, dialkylamino- T-oxomethyl- thioalkan sulfonic acid, and thioalkan sulfonic acid salt; 1 to 1000 mg of at least more than one kind of an organic compound selected from a group consisting of a poly aklylene glycol-type surfactant and low molecular gelatin; and 0.1 to 80 mg of chlorine ion. The electrolytic copper foil in accordance with the present invention has a roughness Rz is less than 2.0 mum, if the electrolytic copper foil is in a thin film state, and has the roughness Rz value of the rough surface within a range of 1.0~3.5 mum if the surface of the electrolytic copper foil is treated. Since a roughness value of a polished surface is changed according to polishing of a cathode surface, there is no special restriction.


The mobile communication device (220) that works as a mobile terminal (MT), comprising: a first processor logic for sending a PDP (Packet Data Protocol) context activation request message to a service network (230); a second processor logic for receiving a PDP context activation acceptance message, which includes a PDP address from the service network (230); and a third processor logic for determining an interface identifier, and a prefix of the PDP address, and for displaying the interface identifier and the prefix to a terminal (TE 210), so that the terminal (210) an IPv6 address on the constructed based on the prefix and the interface identifier characterized, in that if no Router Advertisement message from the service network (230) is obtained for a predetermined period of time after sending a Router Solicitation message is displayed, the prefix in the third processor logic to the terminal (210), or that is obtained when after a predetermined number of retries to send router solicitation messages no Router Advertisement message from the service network (230) is displayed, the prefix in the third processor logic to the terminal (210).


Abstract: Over 20 years after Francis Fukuyama's prediction of "the end of history" the socialist countries are thriving. Nevertheless, these countries are under constant attack by the forces of bourgeois liberalization. Bourgeois liberalization claims to be a path forward to modernity, but it actually leads to social collapse, gangsterism, fascism, and subjugation by imperialism. Bourgeois liberalization does not lead to genuine modernity; it leads to the capitalist perversion of modernity. Socialism is the system that works to fulfill the ideals of genuine modernity. Key arguments used by the bourgeois liberalizers to denigrate socialism are analyzed and refuted: it is shown that in contrast to capitalism, the shortcomings of socialism are not structural and therefore can be solved within the socialist system, that markets are compatible with socialist society and are not a sign of the failure of socialism, and that the current period of development of the socialist countries is actually faster and more peaceful than comparable periods of development of the capitalist countries. It is noted that the source of socialism's superiority is its ability to free humanity from absolute slavery to the law of value as well as commodity fetishism, fetishism of markets, and profit maximization. Ten ways that socialism can save civilization are discussed. It is strongly affirmed that resistance to bourgeois liberalization is an essential condition for preserving the socialist countries so they can live on to fulfill their civilization-saving potential and contribute to genuine renewal of the modern world. In conclusion, seven principles for promoting the future progressive development of socialism are discussed, among the most important are: continuing on the socialist path, rejecting capitalist markets while perfecting socialist markets, and preserving the leading role of the communist party.Key words: bourgeois liberalization; socialism; communism; socialist market economy; law of value; fetishism of commoditiesDespite many years of ridiculously overconfident claims by capitalist pundits regarding the end of both ideology and history, it has become increasingly clear that humankind is still confronted by the stark contrast between the socialist road and the capitalist road, between modernization through socialist methods and capitalist methods.It is truly astonishing how much things have changed in a little over two decades. At one time, just after the fall of the Berlin Wall, the cream of the bourgeois intellectual crop were falling over themselves to embrace Francis Fukuyama, the guru of the "end of history" movement, who wrote in 1989:What we may be witnessing is not just the end of the Cold War, or the passing of a particular period of postwar history, but the end of history as such: that is, the end point of mankind's ideological evolution and the universalization of Western liberal democracy as the final form of human government. (1989: 5)At the time, Fukuyama was a court philosopher at the RAND Corporation, a federally funded think tank that advises the US government on military strategy. Fukuyama enjoyed his 15 minutes of fame, and predictably nothing much has been heard from him since. In the meantime, history has taught those bourgeois intellectuals who care to pay attention that history has definitely not ended. Socialism is ascendant in Asia, and the capitalist world has entered a period of precipitous decline. The choice between socialism and capitalism is still the world historical issue of our time, and humankind will be dealing with its repercussions far into the future.If the pompous pronouncements of the bourgeois intellectuals had any truth to them, the question of socialism versus capitalism would have been settled in favor of the latter many years ago. But capitalism has not won out, and socialism has not and will not disappear. On the contrary, socialist theory and practice have continued to thrive. …


THIS DISSERTATION is predicated on the assumption that the preclinical departments include physiology, pharmacology, pathology, biochemistry, bacteriology and anatomy. It is accepted as axiomatic that sound pedagogy in any field of learning involves an integrated program of instruction. In the field of medical education the clinical and the preclinical departments have overlapping objectives. The objectives are concerned with the desire to impart understanding of the structure and function of the human body, both in health and in disease, and of the means of combating disturbances in its mechanisms. The overlapping objectives of necessity bring a measure of integration, in a way which imposes no need for a conscious effort to enhance the integration. These questions then may be asked: "Is there a need for greater cohesion of purpose? Can a single department, namely, pediatrics, seek increased correlation with the preclinical divisions without endangering the responsible relation which these divisions have


Provided are: a fluorescent probe for detecting hydrogen peroxide, which is stable even in water and is thus able to be used for measurement of a biological sample, while having a higher reaction rate than conventional fluorescent probes; a metal complex which is a constituent element of the fluorescent probe; and a heterocyclic compound which is a ligand of the metal complex.
A heterocyclic compound of the present invention is represented by formula (I).
(In the formula, Xan represents a xanthene dye; n represents a number of 0-6; R 1 represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group; each of R 2 , R 3 and R 6 represents a hydrogen atom; R 4 represents a hydrogen atom, a methyl group, a chlorine atom, a methoxy group or a nitro group; R 5 represents a hydrogen atom, a methoxy group or an ethoxycarbonyl methyl ether group (OCH 2 CO 2 CH 2 CH 3 ); each of R 7 and R 9 independently represents a hydrogen atom, a methyl group or a methoxy group; R 8 represents a hydrogen atom, a methyl group, a chlorine atom, a methoxy group or a nitro group; and R 10 represents a hydrogen atom, a methyl group, a chlorine atom or a fluorine atom.)


The mutagenic and tumorigenic characteristics of the (+)- and (-)- enantiomers of trans-7.8-dihydroxy-anti-9, 10-epoxy-7,8,9,10- tetrahydrobenzo (a)pyrene (anti-BPDE) are strikingly different from one another. Deformations of DNA by anti-BPDE bound covalently to the exocyclic amino group of guanosine residues in DNA may have a strong impact on DNA replication fidelity, inhibition of DNA synthesis, and recognition of the damaged DNA by repair enzymes. In order to gain an understanding of the role of BPDE-N{sup 2}-dG adduct stereochemistry and the influence of base sequence contexts on these phenomena, we are investigating distortions of the local DNA structure associated with the formation of these lesions by gel electrophoresis. Oligonucleotides 11-22 bases long with a single, site-specifically positioned, stereochemically defined BPDE-N{sup 2}-dG lesion in two different sequence contexts (5{prime}...TG{sup BPDE}T...3{prime} and 5..CG{sup BPDE}C...3{prime}) were synthesized. Local DNA distortions at the site of the lesions were amplified by ligation to multimers and their electrophoretic mobilities relative to similar unmodified oligonucleotides were evaluated. The degrees of structural distortion induced by the BPDE residues exhibit stereochemistry-dependent and base sequence-dependent effects. Prominent hinge joints at the site of the BPDE lesions are observed in the (+)-trans, but not in the (-)-trans, (+) and (-)-cis adducts in ...TG{sup BPDE}T...sequences.more » In ..CG{sup BPDE}C... sequences on the other hand, the (+) trans adducts are characterized by physical bends rather than hinge joints. These results suggest that chemically identical BPDE adducts, but with different stereochemical properties and situated in different base sequences, may exhibit different biological endpoints.« less


This thesis is concerned with the development and application of visual tracking techniques to the domain of animal monitoring. The development and evaluation of a system which uses image analysis to control the robotic placement of a sensor on the back of a feeding pig is presented first. This single-target monitoring application is then followed by the evaluation of suitable techniques for tracking groups of animals, of which the most suitable existing technique is found to be a Markov chain Monte Carlo particle filtering algorithm with a Markov random field motion prior (MCMC MRF, Khan et al. 2004). Finally, a new tracking technique is developed which uses social motion information present in groups of social targets to guide the tracking. This is used in the new Motion Parameter
Sharing (MPS) algorithm.
MPS is designed to improve the tracking of groups of targets with coordinated motion by incorporating motion information from targets that have been moving in a similar way. Situations where coordinated motion information should improve tracking include animal flocking, people moving as a group or any situation where some targets are moving in a correlated fashion.

This new method is tested on a variety of real and artificial data sequences, and its performance compared to that of the MCMC MRF algorithm. The new MPS algorithm is found to outperform the MCMC MRF algorithm during a number of different types of sequences (including during occlusion events and noisy sequences) where correlated motion is present between targets. This improvement is apparent both in the accuracy of target location and robustness of tracking, the latter of which is greatly improved.


This monograph covers the species Acacia Senegal but also summarizes its biological and economic links to several related species that are significant producers of gum. The first section treats the taxonomy, genetics, reproductive biology, ecology and properties of A.senegal while the second and third sections provide fascinating accounts of the historical and modern trade in gum arabic.


Echinococcus multilocularis, the causative agent of human alveolar echinococcosis, is reported for the first time in Red Foxes (Vulpes vulpes) in Hungary. This parasite may be spreading eastward because the population of foxes has increased because of human interventions, and this spread may result in the emergence of alveolar echinococcosis in Central Eastern Europe.


An approximation theorem in inhomogeneous Orlicz–Sobolev spaces is proved which allows a second‐order parabolic equation in Orlicz spaces to be solved. A trace result is also given which shows that the solutions are continuous with respect to time.


Because aluminum profile's structure is complex and diverse, we need to match the different parameters for different profiles before automated detection of surface defects of aluminum profile. This process often requires manual input, affecting the detection efficiency. To solve this problem, we analyze the characteristics of aluminum profile, through GLCM algorithm and Gabor wavelet transform methods, which are image texture feature extraction methods to get aluminum profile's texture feature, then we use the Support Vector Machine (SVM) classification algorithm based on radial basis function (RBF) core classify the feature, for the aim of matching parameters automatically. By feature extraction time and the recognition accuracy rate and other indicators to compare the experimental results of each method, derived using Gabor wavelet transform is the best both on recognition accuracy or identify time effects, and can satisfy the actual needs.


narrated voice of the semifictional protagonist Candelario Navarro in the pseudo-testimonial novel Canto de sirena (1977) by Gregorio Martínez (b. 1942). Similarly, Orihuela finds that the story of protagonist Tomasón Ballumbrosio in Malambo (2001) by Lucía Charún-Illescas (b. 1950) represents a fictionalized social history of the African diaspora in Perú. Other essays in the collection consider the indigenismo of Carlos E. Zavaleta's (1928–2011) Los ingar (1955), and El Cristo Villenas (1956), as well as poetry by Washington Delgado (1927–2003), Blanca Varela (1926–2009), Enrique Verástegui (b. 1950), and several other poets from the 1960s and 1970s including Carlos Henderson, Luis Hernández, Mirko Lauer, Antonio Cisneros, Reynaldo Naranjo, Manuel Morales, and Juan Ramírez Ruiz. In the introduction, Orihuela indicates that the collection of essays under review comprises analyses and approaches to a corpus of texts from writers described on the back cover as some of the most representative authors and works from approximately fifty years of contemporary Peruvian literature. However, because Orihuela's project is to call attention to a systematically understudied and underappreciated Afro-Peruvian literary tradition, the essays cannot also be about the most representative authors from this period. Also, because the anthology represents proceedings from scholarly presentations and chapters from books published elsewhere, there seems to be little internal unity to the collection and little in the way of definition of terms or a discussion of the scope of Orihuela's project. In the essays themselves, for example, there is copious reference to "literatura hegemónica" (19), "la tradición canónica" (83), "la poesía culta" (20), etc., but nothing of what might comprise the traditional, national, and cultured corpus that the texts by Santa Cruz, Gálvez Ronceros, Martínez, and Charún-Illescas represent as a countertradition. Furthermore, the volume contains unexplained repetitions and double quotations of identical material. For example, a general introduction to Orihuela's proposal for expansion of the canon of Peruvian literature to include Afro-Hispanic titles is repeated with only limited variations in chapters 1 and 2; the same poem by Santa Cruz is reproduced on pages 22 and 30; and a reference to his work in a later essay seems to ignore the fact that the poet had been extensively considered previously. Because each essay has its own separate list of works cited, the volume suffers from bibliographic inconsistency and inaccuracy: several works are cited but not recorded or poorly referenced in the relevant bibliographies, four of the seven online sources in the essays are not accessible at the addresses listed, several of the sources appear to be of dubious or unverifiable quality including blogs, collections of articles not subjected to peer review, unpublished material, and the use of textbooks written for undergraduates. Now, these lapses are not fatal to Orihuela's important contribution to the expansion of the canon of twentieth-century Peruvian literature; indeed, his proposal for canonical inclusion of Afro-Hispanic literature and poetry is long overdue. However, the volume bears little logical coherence from one essay to another and the collection would have benefited from more effort by the author to articulate a unifying thesis, make connections among the writers and poets considered, and put the whole counter-tradition in conversation with the canonical writers of Peruvian national literature. While this may exceed the scope of Orihuela's stated intention to maintain "el espíritu y procedimientos hermenéuticos originales" (12) of the republished chapters and conference proceedings collected in Abordajes y aproximaciones, his work in these essays nonetheless invites a comprehensive and unified consideration of the place of Afro-Peruvian and other contemporary writers and poets in the canons of that nation's literature. Scott DeVries Bethel College, USA


Background & Aims: Medication errors are common incidences in the nursing profession, which could lead to the increased length of hospital stay and treatment costs and occasionally severe damage to the patients or even mortality. The Many studies have investigated medication errors, with a few considering medication errors as a severe issue in the clinical setting. Other findings have confirmed that the cooperation of medical personnel and medical system could influence the rate of medication errors. Considering the essential role of nurses in all the steps of medication preparation to administration, limited studies have evaluated nurses' viewpoint regarding the influential factors in the incidences of medical malpractices, and mostly the viewpoints of emergency ward or ICU nurses have been investigated. The present study aimed to determine the influential factors in the medication errors by the nurses of the internal wards of the teaching hospitals affiliated to Iran University of Medical Sciences. Materials & Methods: This descriptive study was conducted on 241 nurses employed in the internal wards of the teaching hospitals affiliated to Iran University of Medical Sciences in Tehran, Iran during June-September 2019. Data were collected using a demographic questionnaire and the questionnaire of nurses' views on medication errors designed by Bijani et al. (2013), which were completed by the nurses. Demographic data included age, gender, marital status, number of children, education level, interest in the nursing profession, nursing profession work experience (years), occupation status, working shift schedule, economic status, clinical workplace, workplace changes in recent months, and number of the off days in the past month. The questionnaire of nurses' views on the influential factors in medication errors has been developed by Bijani et al. (2013) with 22 items in three domains of the factors related to nurses in medication errors (11 items), factors related to the ward in medication errors (seven items), and factors related to the nursing management in medication errors (four items). The scoring system for each item is based on the significance of each factor on a four-point Likert scale (Very Low, Low, Moderate, and High), and each option is assigned a score within the range of 1-4, respectively. The mean score of each domain was calculated, with the low mean scores indicating the low significance of the domain in the incidence of medication errors and the high mean scores indicating the high significance of the domain in the viewpoint of the nurses. The questionnaire was completed by the nurses in a self-report manner and delivered to the researcher after one week. Data analysis was performed in SPSS version 16 using statistical tests. Results: According to the results, exhaustion due to heavy workload (mean score: 3.11 ± 0.85) was the most common cause of medication errors in the dimension of medication errors by nurses. In the dimension of hospital ward, heavy workload (mean score: 3.09 ± 0.85) was the most frequent cause of medication errors, and in the dimension of nursing management, the insufficient number of nurses in proportion to the number of patients (mean score: 3.53 ± 0.61) was the most common cause of medication errors. In addition, the factor of nursing management (mean score: 2.77 ± 0.51) had the highest mean value, while the factor of ward (mean score: 2.55 ± 0.54) had the lowest mean value among the influential factors in the incidence of medication errors in the viewpoint of the surveyed nurses. Lack of educational workshops (mean score: 2.3 ± 0.81) was the least significant cause of medication errors. The numerical indices of the influential factors in the incidence of medication errors . MS in Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran . Department of Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran (Corresponding author) Tel: 09123273135 Email: firstname.lastname@example.com . Department of Biostatistics, School of Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran D ow nl oa de d fr om ij n. iu m s. ac .ir a t 2 3: 32 IR D T o n T hu rs da y S ep te m be r 9t h 20 21 [ D O I: 10 .2 92 52 /ij n. 33 .1 25 .9 4 ] ناراتسرپ رد ییوراد یاهاطخ اب طبترم لماوع شخب زکارم یلخاد یاه ... هداز نیسح یلع و ناراکمه in the domains of nurses, wards, and nursing management based on the demographic characteristics of the nurses indicated that only the number of children had a significant correlation with the incidence of medication errors (P=0.023), and the achieved mean score by the nurses without children was significantly lower compared to those with children (P=0.017). The incidence of medication errors in the domains of ward and nursing management had no significant correlations with the demographic characteristics of the nurses (P>0.05). Conclusion: According to the results, the most significant influential factors in the incidence of medication errors in the viewpoint of the nurses were respectively nursing management, nurses, and the conditions of the internal wards. Therefore, it is suggested that to reduce the incidence of medication errors, the approaches to nursing management be revised. In addition, the implementation of educational workshops regarding medication errors could effectively decrease the incidence of medication errors by nurses, which should be considered by the authorities of educational centers. The incidence of medication errors could be reduced through academic education and by applying theoretical and practical courses during master's and bachelor's degree education. Regarding the related factors to the ward, it is recommended that the workload of nurses be decreased by increasing the nursing staff in proportion to patients, so that the working hours and working shifts of nurses could decrease to change their schedule, which could in turn minimize the incidence of medication errors.


This article considers the principles of modular design of marine electronics systems, and the practical application of these principles. The problem of introducing mass-produced modules into a variety of ships is complex, but it can be split into three sub-problems: techno-scientific design of the modules; methodology of installation, checking, and - when necessary - replacement of the modules; and the organisation of production of the modules. The use of batch-manufactured analogous microcomputers and modules for the command/interface system is advocated.


As one trend of the public art movement developed in the 1980s and 1990s in Korea, 'Living Arts Movement' was to practice art in everyday life in areas of craft or design, instead of fine arts. However, it has not been widely known compared to the public art movement. With the Living Arts Movement presented as an activity to achieve social change through craft and design, this article intends to introduce aspects of Korean craft and design by examining its concept, development process, characteristics, etc. Therefore, I would like to limit the scope of research into Living Arts Movement that occurred within the time range of 1980-90"s and Minjung Art categories. In addition, The previous study for Living Arts Movement is incomplete, so I reviewed and researched the contents in , , to the primary source. And Living Arts Movement featured in newspapers, the contents were examined for the exercise. In addition, I interviewed with Kim, nam-soo involved in the movement at that time and design critic Choe, beom, La, won-sik took part in "Dureong". Then I reflect the record data on the study. I, the researcher, first examine the concept of Living Arts Movement; divide the Living Arts Movement into three periods and then; research into its development process. In the first period (in the early to mid 1980s), promotional and advertising materials were produced which were with combative and incendiary functions of Minjung Art (art reform movement in 1980s by progressive artists) and works in that period were of mere icons or symbols appearing in Minjung Art. In the second period (from 1987 to early 1990s), Living Arts Movement sought more of popular distribution as political situations were settled for the time being after 1987 and activist group-centered demand came to decline. Artists involved in Living Arts Movement planned 'Open Market Exhibition for Living Arts' and through that event, they not only communed with the public but also provided a forum where craft and design artists could strength their footing. Living Arts Movement was at an ebb in the third period (after mid 1990s) and with the advent of 'New Generation' culture which represented the 1990s, interests in subordinate class-based culture diminished and; due to the closure of in 1995, Living Arts Movement lost its place for collective practice, which gradually led to individualization. In conclusion, Living Arts Movement was to recover meanings of tradition and people in the general public's everyday lives and also to seek status of craft in lives and its significance lies in that it was a self-sustaining movement which pursued public craft against the tendency of one-piece craft which was sought by modern craft after the collapse of traditional craft. Living Arts Movement, however, failed to interpret current experiences actually existing in the changes of the time into the structure of life and it simply remained as a schematic, traditional formative language and due to that limitation, it came to go downhill.


A dispersion relation is used to show that the ''anomalous'' behavior of the real part of the optical potential for /sup 16/O+ /sup 208/Pb scattering at low energies is an example of a general property of heavy-ion optical potentials at energies approaching the top of the Coulomb barrier, where the flux into nonelastic channels is drastically reduced.


Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is the most common opportunistic pathogen following renal transplantation and remains a major concern in transplantation centers owing to its high morbidity and impact on renal allografts. Pending more effective antiviral drugs, efforts have been directed toward prevention strategies. We conducted a retrospective analysis to evaluate the efficacy of various prophylactic options used at our institution during the period April 1986 to August 1990. All CMV‐negative patients with CMV‐negative kidneys (D‐ R‐) received screened, CMV‐negative blood products (n=19). CMV‐specific immunoglobulins (CMV Ig) were used in 6 patients at increased risk for primary CMV infection and acyclovir was administered to 21 patients at an initial intravenous dose of 5 mg/kg body weight; then oral doses of 800–3200 mg per day were given according to the patients' estimated creatinine clearance. Thirty‐two patients did not receive any CMV prophylactic treatment and served as controls. CMV monitoring of the patients during the first 6 months after transplantation showed an overall infection and disease rate of 81 % and 38.1 %, respectively, in the acyclovir‐treated group. Compared with controls, the incidences of infection and disease were higher in the acyclovir‐treated patients, with a significant difference for CMV infection (P = 0.002, generalized Wilcoxon test). Only 1 of the 19 D‐ R‐ patients presented with CMV infection. CMV Ig‐treated patients tended to have less severe disease without any apparent reduction in infection incidence. Given the high rate of infection in patients at risk, we infer that high‐dose acyclovir does not prevent CMV infection in our setting of renal transplantation. We advocate the use of screened, CMV‐negative blood products in D‐ R‐ patients.


A pulsed Doppler was used to determine cardiac output noninvasively in partially restrained unanesthetized neotenic tiger salamanders, Ambystoma tigrinum (mean wt. 105.0 gm ± 13.7 SD, N = 5). Although mean heart rates were similar, mean stroke volume (0.18 ml ± 0.06) and cardiac output (11.0 ml · min−1 ± 3.6) were greater than those previously reported for other amphibia. This dissimilarity is most likely due to species differences and/or the effects of anesthesia and surgical disruption of the thoracic cavity.


(The papers that follow were originally presented in symposium form at the meeting of Canadian Learned Societies at Vancouver in May 1983. They are remarkable in having been contributed by authorities from a variety of fields, all claiming to support the same radical conclusion. Each paper brings with it not only the authentic smell of the lamp, however, but also a distant whiff of will o' the wisp. Anyone who succeeds in making sense of these papers is probably making a mistake. But let the authors speak for themselves, as they unfortunately have undertaken to do.)

 RESUME

 Les articles ont ete presentes a l'origine sous forme de colloque a l'assemblee des Societes savantes canadiennes qui a eu lieu a Vancouver en mai 1983. Ils sont remarquables en ce sens qu'ils ont ete rediges par des sommites dans plusieurs domaines qui pretendent toutes a la meme conclusion radicale. Chaque article ne sent pas seulement la lampe a petrole mais egalement le feu follet; quiconque parvient a trouver le sens de ces articles est probablement dans l'erreur. Mais laissons la parole aux auteurs puisqu'ils l'ont demandee.


This book suggests that conventional rural transport planning in developing countries has been almost exclusively concerned with motorised transport, and with roads designed for its use. Whilst this has no doubt resulted in more effective identification of rural road needs, it has ignored local-level transport systems which provide the means of mobility and access for the mass of the rural population. The core of the book is a series of nine case studies from Malaysia, India, Nigeria, Kenya, Samoa, Korea, the Philippines, Tanzania and Bangladesh which provide a very different picture of rural transport needs. The studies encompass countries at different stages of development, from those at the most impoverished levels (Bangladesh and Tanzania) to those which have sizeable industrial and market economy sectors, and relatively high per capita incomes (Republic of Korea and Malaysia). They also cover a variety of different agricultural, social and geographic conditions and include a wide range of different human, animal and motor-powered means of transport used to meet local movement needs. The case studies have been grouped into three parts. The first comprises studies of the travel patterns of rural communities. The second looks at particular means of local transport. The studies that form the third part are more concerned with evaluations of transport policy and how it affects rural communities. The writers have attempted to draw together the main elements of these case studies to suggest that there is a need to broaden the scope of rural transport planning to encompass the totality of transport demand. In this way, a more rational investment of resources could result in more productive uses of time and energy in the rural areas. (TRRL)


Background and Objectives: Improved ultrasound and needle technology make popliteal sciatic nerve blockade a popular anesthetic technique and imaging to localize the branch point of the common peroneal and posterior tibial components is important because successful blockade techniques vary with respect to injection of the common trunk proximally or separate injections distally. Nerve stimulation, ultrasound, cadaveric and magnetic resonance studies demonstrate variability in distance and discordance between imaging and


Due to constantly tightening laws for the minimization of CO2 and the changes in process parameters, an existing reciprocating compressor of 160 kW had to be replaced by a larger one. The compressor system is installed at the TOTAL Refinery in the eastern part of Germany. For this purpose the customer has chosen a 2-stage Borsig ZM reciprocating compressor with a fixed speed with a power of 630 kW. Not only the compressor had to be changed but also a large part of the pipe system. One of the disadvantages of a reciprocating compressor is that it generates pulsations and vibrations. For that purpose an extensive pulsation and vibration analysis of the piping according to the API Standard 618 has been carried out in an early stage of the project. The compressor had to be installed on an existing concrete block which one didn't need to be changed after calculation of the foundation designer and special attention was given for the correct mounting of the compressor. After start-up of the system unallowable vibrations occurred in several parts of the piping and the concrete block. Vibration measurements have been carried out to investigate the cause of the vibration problems. It appeared that the unallowable pipe vibrations were caused by the fact that some orifice plates and pipe supports were not installed as advised. Further on it appeared that the unallowable vibrations of the concrete block, which on its turn increased the pipe vibrations, were caused by the fact that a mechanical natural frequency of the block was excited by the 2nd harmonic compressor loads. The first part of the paper will discuss the results of the API 618 analysis. The second part of the paper will discuss the results of the vibration measurements together with the field adjustments of the pipe supports layout and concrete foundation to decrease the vibrations to acceptable levels.


We taper a 90% air-fill fraction, air core, photonic crystal fiber and observe a multitude of partial band gaps along the length of the taper. We simulate this geometry with the FDTD and plane wave expansion methods.


This is the third edition of the workshop on Material Appearance Modeling. For the first time, the workshop was scheduled for a full day. The format included 30% to 50% of each session for discussion. There were over 50 participants, and a wide range of questions and comments were offered during each session.


Ionospheric scintillations caused by the ionospheric plasma density irregularities adversely affect the positional accuracy of the global navigation satellite system (GNSS) receiver. Machine learning methods are robust and efficient for detecting and classifying the ionospheric scintillation effects in GNSS signals. In this letter, we propose an extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost) based machine learning method to detect and classify ionospheric amplitude scintillation, applied on a large global positioning system (GPS) dataset collected from an equatorial ionization anomaly (EIA) region, Sao Jose, Brazil (geographic: 23.2°S 45.9°W; dip latitude: 20.9°S). The performance of the proposed method is compared with a classifier based on neural network (NN), support vector machine (SVM), decision tree (DT), and logistic regression (LR) methods. The confusion matrix results show that the XGBoost method performed well, with a prediction accuracy of 99.88% than other machine learning methods. XGBoost algorithm handles the data irregularities efficiently by setting a direction of descent through adaptive learning and can subsample between the columns to reduce the relevance of each weak learner. The performance results in terms of $F1$ score, precision, recall, and area under precision-recall curve (AUC-PR) indicates that the XGBoost algorithm can characterize the ionospheric threats in GNSS signals to improve the position accuracy.


The specific stainability of 1–3 μ thick sections of tissue prepared for electron microscopy after glutaraldehyde and osmium fixation and araldite embedding is greatly enhanced after oxidation with Oxone. This monopersulfate has been found to leave tissue section in a suitable condition for applying a trichrome stain as well as a specific silver impregnation. These methods are described in detail. The mode of action of Oxone is poorly understood.


ABSTRACT:In this interview, Stacey Peebles talks to Beowulf Sheehan, the preeminent author photographer working today, about his experience photographing writers. In particular, Sheehan describes the 2014 photo session in which he traveled to Santa Fe and photographed Cormac McCarthy, both at the Santa Fe Institute and at McCarthy's home. The occasion was McCarthy's forthcoming novel The Passenger—which would not be published, as it turned out, until 2022, and then as two novels, The Passenger and Stella Maris. Sheehan talks about the relationship of text, author, and image; how he approached the exciting challenge of photographing McCarthy; and his own thoughts about McCarthy's work.


No19 PREVENTION OF DISBACTERIOSIS IN PREGNANT AND WOMEN RECENTLY CONFINED WITH SURGICAL DELIVERY V.K. Chayka, О.N. Dolgoshapko, Т.Y. Babich, I.Т. Govorukha Donetsk State Medical University named after M. Horkiy, chair of obstetrics, gynaecology and perinatology Donetsk regional center of protection of mother and childhood


Abstract In 2008, Indonesia introduced its first "freedom of information" statute – Law 14 of 2008 on Disclosure of Public Information (the "FOI Law" or the "Law") – which became fully operational in 2010. The FOI Law is an important component of the government transparency and accountability mechanisms established after Soeharto and his authoritarian "New Order" government fell in 1998. This article assesses the extent to which the FOI Law has been effective in requiring public bodies to disclose "public" information that they would rather keep within their ranks. More time is needed for these reforms to take hold. However, this article, which provides the first academic analysis of the freedom of information reforms "in practice", shows that Indonesia's central Information Commission and the courts have, with two important exceptions, applied the FOI Law in favour of information-seekers, thereby providing some reason for optimism for the future of this reform.


This study was conducted to examine the effect of corn (Zea mays L.) - soybean (Glycine max L.) silage prepared by intercropping method on the nutritive value of the silage, in vitro rumen fermentation characteristics, dry matter degradability, as well as milk yield and milk composition of dairy cows. In a couple of experiments intercropped corn-soybean silage (CSBS) was compared with corn silage (CS) and/or Italian ryegrass hay (IRG). Numerically, CSBS had higher crude protein, ether extract, and lactic acid contents compared to CS. In vitro rumen fermentation analysis demonstrated that up to a 24-h incubation period, both CS and CSBS showed higher total gas production, ammonia N concentration, and dry matter degradability compared to IRG (p<0.05). The investigation on animals was conducted in a commercial dairy farm located in Gyeongju, South Korea, employing 42 Holstein cows that were divided into 2 group treatments: CS and CSBS in a completely randomized design. Although no significant difference was observed in milk yield, animals fed on CSBS showed significantly higher milk protein (p<0.05) and milk fat content (p<0.01), compared to animals fed on CS. Taken together, our findings indicate that corn-soybean silage that is cultivated, harvested, and prepared through intercropping can improve the protein content of the silage, and can also enhance in vitro rumen fermentation, dry matter degradability, and performance of dairy cattle.


An overview from Sept-Dec 2015 of instruction, programs, collection development, student leadership and community outreach through the library program. Despite being on the road for year 2 of our program, we are continuing to stay connected!


Uncertainty remains about the psychological and sexual implications of gender role nonconformity (GRNC), generally defined as men endorsing or performing femininity, and women endorsing or performing masculinity. Previous studies have demonstrated that variance in gender presentation is associated with negative psychological consequences. Homophobic stigmatization and internalized homophobia partially mediate this association, suggesting it is not the practice of GRNC that causes distress, but internal or external reactions to it.

 Here, we test the hypothesis that people reporting higher levels of GRNC will have more sexual dysfunction, and that social support will mediate this relationship.

 We analyzed data from the Nathan Kline Institute Rockland Sample. The sample we selected includes 781 subjects (age= 48.99 ± 17.42, sex= 67% female). All subjects completed the Sex Role Identity Scale (SRIS) and the Trauma Symptom Checklist (TSC-40). GRNC was quantified by SRIS questions-subjective GRNC was assessed using the question "How feminine/masculine do you think you are?", behavioral GRNC was assessed with "How feminine/masculine do you act or behave?", and perceived GRNC with "How feminine/masculine do you think you appear and come across to others?" A composite variable was created to assess overall GRNC. Sexual dysfunction was measured with the relevant TSC-40 subscale. Because the distribution of GRNC scores were not normally distributed, we performed a quantile regression analysis using the quantreg and mediation packages in R to understand the mediation effect of social support on the relationship between GRNC and sexual dysfunction, while controlling for sex, age, sexual orientation, and socioeconomic status.

 In the quantile regression model, GRNC significantly predicted sexual dysfunction (β = 0.86, 95%CI [0.52, 1.20]) and social support significantly predicted sexual dysfunction (β = -3.63, 95%CI [-4.30, -2.42]). In the mediation analysis, there was a significant mediation effect of social support on the relationship between GRNC and sexual dysfunction (β = 0.17, 95%CI [0.04, 0.31], p<0.001), controlling for sex, age, sexual orientation, and socioeconomic status. The mediation effect accounted for 16.56% (95%CI [0.05-0.28], p<0.001) of the variance in sexual dysfunction.

 GRNC significantly predicts sexual dysfunction, and social support significantly mediates this relationship, accounting for a substantial percentage of its variance. These results suggest that although GRNC can be associated with negative psychological and sexual consequences, the impacts are significantly mediated by the quality and strength of social relationships. This supports previous literature suggesting that negative reactions to nonconformity, both personal and systemic, may account for decreased well-being in people exhibiting GRNC. Although the findings are limited by the nature of secondary analyses, these results highlight the clinical significance of understanding GRNC to better treat patients with sexual dysfunction and promote healthy sexual functioning for all individuals.

 No


Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the third deadliest and fifth most common cancer worldwide. Many drugs that have the potential to treat cancers have had limited success due to their lack of efficient and safe delivery mechanisms that allow the drug molecules to cross cell membranes. Electrical pulses-mediated drug delivery, known as electroporation, is gaining attention as a possible approach to enhance uptake of chemotherapy. The present work studied the effect of silver nanoparticles encapsulated by doxorubicin drug in the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma. The study was conducted on 40 albino mice weighting 20-25 g of 8-10 weeks of age, and were divided into two major groups. Group A:10 mice were used as a control , group B: 40 mice have induced HCC by DABE this group were subdivided into three subgroups; sub groupB1 10 mice which were not received any treatment, and were kept at room environment and, sub group B2: 10 mice were injected i.p with a dose of 50 mg/kg body weight of doxorubicin only every day for 21days, sub group B3 :10 mice were injected i.p. with a dose of 50 mg/kg body weight of doxorubicin encapsulated by the silver nanoparticles every day for 21days.Parts of liver tissue and blood samples were collected from all from mice of each group for histopathological examination; the nanocapsules were of the size range 200 ± 20 nm and loaded with the positively charged anticancer drug doxorubicin with an efficiency of 89%. The loading of the drug into the capsule occurs by virtue of the pH-responsive property of the capsule wall, which is determined by the pKa of the polyelectrolytes. As the pH is varied, about 64% of the drug is released in acidic pH while 77% is released in neutral pH. Molecular detection of Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) and Glypican-3 (gly3) mRNAs by RT-PCR before and after treatment by silver nanoparticles encapsulated doxorubicin drug were studied in mice with HCC. Silver nanoparticles encapsulated doxorubicin drug showed effective results for treatment of HCC compared to results obtained with doxorubicin drug resulting in reduced tumor growth, and induction of apoptosis in the treated cells by enhancing of delivering chemotherapy and anticancer drugs with enhanced efficacy and fewer adverse effects.


The evaluation of the nutrient content in the soil, such as potassium and phosphorus, is very important, especially in precision agriculture, where the fertilizer rate should be adjusted to field variability in terms of nutrient content. Soil chemical analysis is time-consuming and expensive, and dense soil sampling is not always possible. In recent years, remote sensing methods have been used to assess the within-field variability of soil and crop nutritional status. The main aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between UAV-derived spectral reflectance for winter rye in a long-term experiment for different fertilization with phosphorus and potassium. The study was conducted in 2022 in two field experiments in which winter rye was cultivated in monoculture and with crop rotation. The experiments were located in central Poland in Skierniewice. Statistical analyses were performed using univariate and multivariate methods, e.g., analysis of correlation, regression, and principal component analysis (PCA). The effect of phosphorus and potassium fertilization on the UAV-derived spectral reflectance of winter rye was weak, weaker in comparison to the effect of nitrogen fertilization. The effect of phosphorus and potassium fertilization on spectral reflectance was stronger in the experiment with monoculture than in the experiment with crop rotation. On the basis of correlation coefficients and PCA, negative relationships were proven between available soil potassium and spectral reflectance in the range of blue, green, and red bands and positive with red edge and near-infrared bands. The first principal component (PC1) was very strongly correlated with almost all spectral bands, either positively or negatively. The correlation of potassium and phosphorus content was very weak with PC1 in the experiment with crop rotation, while in the experiment with rye monoculture, the correlation was slightly stronger, indicating a stronger effect of nutrient deficiency in monoculture.


The new 1 wt % Au/TiO2–UVM-7 catalyst was prepared and fully characterized. This heterogeneous catalyst proved to be active, selective and recyclable for the unprecedented gold-catalyzed 1,4-addition of various functionalized arylboronic acids to 2-cyclohexen-1-one and other selected enones using toluene as a solvent. The gold-based catalyst was recycled two times and played an active role in this reaction, and the nature of the solvent determined a remarkable change in the products' selectivities.


Abstract China has experienced a significant economic growth in recent years. In addition, the country has also built the largest system of Higher Education in the world. However, was the economy that stimulated the advancement of Higher Education? Or was Higher Education that stimulated the advancement of the economy? To answer these questions, this research aimed to understand the role of economy and Projects 211 and 985 for the expansion of Chinese Higher Education. For that, an exploratory and qualitative research was developed, based on interviews with Chinese government managers and questionnaires applied to professors/specialists and to a student leadership. The results showed that investments in Higher Education were preponderant for the country's economic growth, which was representative from a quantitative perspective. However, also aiming at qualitative growth, projects 211 and 985 were created, allocating a significant amount of resources to the selected institutions. Such positioning makes China an example of benchmarking for other countries that wish to progress economically and intellectually.


Ecological vector fields u xi = xifi(x) on the non-negative cone R n on R n are often used to describe the dynamics of n interacting species. These vector fields are called permanent (or uniformly persistent) if the boundary ∂R n of the nonnegative cone is repelling. We construct an open set of ecological vector fields containing a dense subset of permanent vector fields and containing a dense subset of vector fields with attractors on ∂R n +. In particular, this construction implies that robustly permanent vector fields are not dense in the space of permanent vector fields. Hence, verifying robust permanence is important. We illustrate this result with ecological vector fields involving five species that admit a heteroclinic cycle between two equilibria and the Hastings–Powell teacup attractor.


The piezoelectric ceramic composition of the present invention, the main component is represented by the general formula {(1-x) (K 1-ab Na a Li b) (Nb 1-c Ta c) O 3 -xM2M4O 3} ( however, M2 is Ca, Ba, or Sr, M4 is Zr, Sn, or Hf, 0.005 ≦ x ≦ 0.1,0 ≦ a ≦ 0.9,0 ≦ b ≦ 0.1,0 ≦ a + b ≦ 0.9, 0 ≦ c ≦ 0.3) is represented by, Mn is contained in an amount of 2 to 15 moles relative to 100 moles of the main component, and the M4 0.1 to 5 with respect to said main component as 100 mol. It is contained in the 0 mols. Also preferably contains the Ni in the range of 0.1 to 5.0 moles relative to 100 moles of the main component, Yb, also preferred to contain a specific rare earth element such as In. Ceramic layers in the ceramic body 1 is formed in the piezoelectric ceramic composition. Thereby realizing the sintering property by improving the co-firing with Ni piezoelectric ceramic composition capable, and a piezoelectric ceramic electronic component using the same in a reducing atmosphere.


The potential of bulk silicon with classical gate oxides and poly silicon gate electrodes has not come to its end yet. This paper discusses the possibility to produce conventional MOS-Transistors on bulk silicon in the deep sub-50 nm-region with extreme low demands to the used substrate and process equipment. A process that uses a modified local oxidation of silicon technique with low and high frequency induced plasma enhanced vapour deposited nitrides as oxygen diffusion mask is introduced. It can be combined with a deposition and etchback technique. The essential process parameters of the LF/HF-nitride deposition are discussed. After the simulation of the necessary dopant profiles the results are compared to the experimental data.


* This paper is based in part on work performed under contract with the U.S. Atomic Energy Commission at the University of Rochester Atomic Energy Project, Rochester, New York. t Presented but not read at the Annual General Meeting of the American Rheumatism Association, 1955. See p. 443 of this issue. characterized in their advanced stages by a "pokerback" spine with calcification of the ligaments of the spinal column (Fig. 1). Rheumatic pains of various degree are common in the early stages of both diseases. One of us (C.L.S.), noting the similarity between