Harmonic disturbance is an obstacle to stable operation of magnetic bearing systems. In this paper, a novel method to suppress harmonic disturbance is proposed based on synchronous rotating frame (SRF) transformation. Among all harmonic disturbances, the impact of the third harmonic disturbance is relatively large. Thus, this paper is mainly focused on the third harmonic disturbance suppression. The harmonic disturbance is extracted by the method based on the SRF transformation and first-order low-pass filter. The method of complex-coefficient is employed to derive the transfer function. The Nyquist criterion and root locus approach are used to analyze the stability of the system. Considering both stability and dynamic performance, an analytical formula of optimal parameter is designed. Simulation results and experimental results show that the method proposed can suppress harmonic disturbance effectively. Compared with the conventional methods of harmonic disturbance suppression, the proposed method has better dynamic performance. This method has only one parameter and an optimal state of the system can be achieved using the optimal parameter which can be adjusted conveniently.


Abstract Background Clinical disengagement of youth in early psychosis clinics continues to be a significant barrier to recovery as evidenced by high rates of treatment non-adherence (up to 60%) and clinic drop-out (30%). Disengagement from services results in longer durations of untreated/partially-treated illness, which in turn leads to higher rates of symptom burden, re-hospitalization, and poorer functional outcomes. Approaches aimed at improving engagement have typically hinged on efforts to increase access to clinicians either via telephone or in person, however financial and human resource limitations often undermine these efforts. This has caused a shift toward the use of SMS due to its low cost and popularity as 95% of youth in North America send and receive SMS messages daily. The current randomized controlled trial sought to evaluate the efficacy of a weekly SMS intervention delivered over nine months to improve engagement in early psychosis services. Methods 60 participants between the ages of 16 and 29 presenting with a first episode psychosis to an early psychosis clinic in an academic health centre were recruited for this study. Participants were randomized to either an active or sham SMS intervention arm, delivered weekly for nine months. Participants were blind to treatment allocation. The active SMS intervention consisted of weekly SMS messages with adaptive questions regarding general wellbeing, clinic attendance and medication adherence, while the sham SMS arm consisted of a weekly generic text message with no clinically relevant subject matter. Results All participants have been enrolled, with the final study visits to be completed in December 2019. Results presented will include analyses of efficacy of the active versus sham SMS intervention for improving service engagement, our primary outcome, consisting of self-reported medication adherence, clinician and client rated engagement, and attendance rates extracted from electronic medical charts. In addition, symptom and functional outcomes were assessed over the course of the nine month intervention across the active and sham intervention groups, which will also be presented. Feasibility data collected to date indicates a high degree of interest and acceptance by participants for the use of SMS as a means of engagement. Further, there have been no tolerability difficulties reported by participants to date. Discussion The high rates of disengagement from clinical services seen among youth and emerging adults with early psychosis indicate a need for effective interventions to promote engagement in treatment and support symptomatic and functional recovery for affected individuals. The results of this trial stand to offer insights into the potential efficacy of a simple weekly SMS intervention to promote engagement in clinical services for this population. The acceptability of this intervention by participants, coupled with its low cost and the popularity of SMS, suggest that this treatment approach, if effective, could be readily implemented within early psychosis services to support positive outcomes from an initial psychosis episode.


In this paper we present the results of repeated feature-based compaction applied as a part of DUC 2004 task 1 – 75-byte short summary, on a set of printed news stories. We report the performance of a system built using tf*idf and namedentities as the main features employed to retain the most relevant parts of text, while compacting it. Multiple stages of the compaction, whilst arriving at the final summary ensure that we retain the text based on informativeness of information from the already chosen information-rich zones. From the nature of the summaries produced at 75 bytes, we conjecture that there exists a certain threshold for compacting a news story, beyond which the quality and readability of a summary deteriorate.


This paper reports on research aiming to develop understanding of a project involving pupils working individually with student teachers on a regular basis. Data was collected from focus group discussions with student teachers and pupils. The context is that of a cohort of student mathematics teachers undertaking a subject knowledge course prior to initial teacher education. However, the findings are relevant across teacher education because they have implications for supporting pupil mentoring in schools as well as for the development of student teachers' professional learning. The research findings indicate that the subject mentoring project developed confidence in subject for both student teachers and pupils. In developing pupils' subject knowledge student teachers developed an understanding of the need to explore the subject from multiple perspectives. Pupils developed confidence in attempting subject matter outside the mentoring sessions. Participants also suggested that the evaluation of the impact of the project should not be considered in isolation as the project was run in the context of a range of related school interventions and the focus on subject improvement from a range of perspectives was a key feature. Key Words : Teacher education; multiple perspectives; mathematics; confidence, mentoring, student, pupil, trainee, interventions, school improvement.


Abstract. Surveying and mapping plays an important role in all aspects of economic development, national infrastructure construction and national defence construction. Especially in the overall and strategic level, most of them need to apply geospatial information. Geospatial information acquired through surveying and mapping technology has become an important strategic resource. Because space photography is faster, cheaper and unrestricted by regions and borders, countries around the world are scrambling to develop their own mapping satellites. In recent years, great breakthrough has been made in the field of on-board optical stereo mapping, many countries have launched satellites with surveying and mapping as the main function, and obtained image data from 1:50000 to 1:10000 scale. This paper describes a design of a stereo surveying and mapping camera system that can achieve 1:10000 scale maps.


It is a pleasure to welcome you to the Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland. Since my arrival in Cleveland over two years ago, I have seen first-hand the important role that the Greater Cleveland Partnership plays in supporting the growth of our regional economy and I am very proud to serve on its board. Of course, as president of one of the country's 12 Federal Reserve Banks I have a keen interest in our regional economy. As we gather in the lobby of this historic building, it is hard not to think back to a time more than 100 years ago and applaud the Congressmen — yes, they were all men back then — who came up with such an ingenious design for our Federal Reserve System. Congress established the Fed in 1913 as a decentralized central bank, independent within the government but not independent from the government. The Fed's design balances public-sector and private-sector interests, and Wall Street and Main Street concerns. I believe the design has served the country well by allowing monetary policy decisions to take into account the diversity of the American economy and its people.


The charging regime has been tested using the SCENES Regional Economic and Transport Model, for the year 2020. The model compares a base scenario against an alternative scenario that includes the charging. Within this case study, use was made of the results of the RECORDIT project measuring road freight traffic externalities to determine levels of social marginal cost pricing at the geographical scale of NUTS2 regions. Population density was used as the main proxy for regionalizing charging levels, as this scale correlates very strongly with the levels of external costs produced by transport under various circumstances. Additional corrections were made for mountainous areas, where external costs cannot be represented by the population scale alone. The resulting levels of charging concerned the main input for the SCENES model runs. It is found that the pattern of response of freight traffic to charges is complex and that peripheral countries in Europe (Greece, Sweden, Finland and Portugal) are disproportionately affected because of long haulage distances. The paper explains the assumptions behind the model runs, presents the results of the model runs, provides an interpretation of the outcomes and gives recommendations for other policy research in the area of transport pricing. For the covering abstract see ITRD E126595.


In this study, two groups of academic and administrative personnel of the same university were interviewed; verbal and non-verbal actions through the program named THEME to obtain information about the leader-member relationship. The outcomes were evaluated according to the status of adaptation and the comparison between the two groups was made accordingly. Group A is from administrative staff; Group B comes from the academic staff. The video data of each participant was coded with behavior coder and sent to THEME and the results were compared between the participants in each group and afterwards between groups. Leader-member relations have been addressed in terms of respondents' responses.


Algorithm of decomposing self-intersection broken lines,which is clipping and efficient,is inevitablely met in using computer to draw planar graphics.The pointer of adjacency list and single list consumes some memories,however,the delete operation and insert operation are clipping and efficient,so it is very necessary to solve the problem.Time complexity and space complexity of the algorithm are reasonable,and the algorithm can satisfy people′s demand in the realistic world.


This article describes two new records established at the end of 2019 : an integer factorization record for the factorization of RSA-240, and a discrete logarithm record of the same size. These two records correspond to 795-bit numbers, or 240 decimal digits, and were established with the same open-source CADO-NFS software, on the same type of processors. These records serve as a reference for key size recommendations for cryptographic protocols.


A multiscale model of polymeric thin films with surface effects is constructed and characterized by molecular dynamics simulations. For this purpose, a continuum model including surface elasticity energy (see e.g. [1]) is employed, whose surface coefficients are identified by MD simulations on slab models of linear monodisperse polyethylene thin films. Due to long-range effects in such materials, a procedure proposed in [2] is employed with different slab thickness to deduce the surface energy and the related elastic terms. The continuum equations are solved by a FEM discretization and compared to the full MD model.


There are many sources of carbon monoxide (CO) leakage into the cabin of General Aviation (GA) aircraft. Exposure to CO, which is part of the engine exhaust in GA aircraft, can impede the pilot's ability to direct the airplane which may lead to accidents. In order to prevent accidents, an electrochemical CO detector can be used to alert the pilot to the presence of CO. The objective of this study was to determine the best location for CO detector placement in GA aircraft. Early CO detection as well as visibility and accessibility of the detector were some of the parameters involved in determining the optimum CO detector location. Considering these issues, five detector placement locations were considered: visor, instrument panel, leg area of front seats (left and right sides), and rear seat. Field tests to monitor CO levels during GA flights were conducted at Kansas State University at Salina using data logging CO detectors. The results from these measurements have been categorized according to several different variables and then analyzed statistically. Measurements taken so far during the summer and early fall indicate that the majority of CO exposure events occurred on the ground before take-off. During such ground-based CO exposure events, the timing was consistent with open windows allowing exhaust fumes to enter the cockpit area. This paper will also discuss the results of additional measurements taken during the winter months when other modes of CO exposure may be involved.


Academia appears to do a remarkable job at producing the next generation of research faculty. The long‐anticipated shortage of well‐qualified researchers has not appeared. At the same time, while there are calls to reform educational practices in college and university classrooms, we are not widely preparing our future faculty to develop or implement these research‐based educational practices. What mechanisms exist to foster the development of such practices and promote the field of PER more generally? These coupled papers examine the interrelated problems of supporting the development of the field, and the 'transfer' of what is known from PER to the more general populace of physics instructors. The first of these coupled papers outlines a framework of professionalism and faculty attitudes that is applied in the second paper in order to examine two programs designed to address the challenges of including education into the broader physics culture.


This research was conducted in Padang Golf Sukajadi. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of service quality, price and location Customer Satisfaction Padang Golf Sukajadi. This research was conducted with survey approach that consists of variable service quality, price and location (X), and Customer Satisfaction (Y). To prove the influence The Effect Service Quality, Price and Location Customer Satisfaction, the authors collected data by distributing questionnaires as much as 87 respondents in the sample taken from Padang Golf Sukajadi customers who use the services Padang Golf Sukajadi. Results were collected through questionnaires were processed using the application program Statistical Product and Service Solutions (SPSS) version 20. The results showed that the variable quality of service (X1) individually do not have a positive and significant impact on customer satisfaction variable (Y), because tcount 1,266 ≤ of ttable 1663, the price variable (X2) individually have a positive and significant impact on the variable customer satisfaction (Y), because tcount 4,555 ≥ of ttable 1663, the variable location (X3) individually have a positive influence and signifiikan to variable satisfaction customer (Y), because tcount 1.752≥ of ttable 1,663. Quality of service, price and locations together providing positive and significant impact on customer satisfaction results of calculations for values ≥ 47.137 Fhitung Ftable by 2.08.


In this paper, a truncated projected Newton-type algorithm is presented for solving large-scale semi-infinite programming problems. This is a hybrid method of a truncated projected Newton direction and a modified projected gradient direction. The truncated projected Newton method is used to solve the constrained nonlinear system. In order to guarantee global convergence, a robust loss function is chosen as the merit function, and the projected gradient method inserted is used to decrease the merit function. This algorithm is suitable for handling large-scale problems and possesses superlinear convergence rate. The global convergence of this algorithm is proved and the convergence rate is analyzed. The detailed implementation is discussed, and some numerical tests for solving large-scale semi-infinite programming problems, with examples up to 2000 decision variables, are reported.


Evidence from our group revealed that the benefits of preconditioning ischemia extend beyond infarct size reduction via up-regulation of cardioprotective signaling. We found that brief antecedent ischemia: i) attenuates molecular indices of platelet activation-aggregation (i.e., P-selectin expression, fibrinogen binding); and thus ii) improves arterial patency in models mimicking unstable angina. However, two issues limit potential translation of this endogenous anti-platelet effect: the conditioning stimulus was applied directly to the heart, as a pretreatment. Our current aim was to establish whether brief ischemia applied at a remote site (skeletal muscle), after the onset of recurrent coronary thrombosis, would improve subsequent coronary patency. Methods: Recurrent platelet-mediated coronary thrombosis was initiated in anesthetized dogs by application of a stenosis at a site of vessel injury. At 1 h after injury + stenosis, dogs received: i) remote ischemic conditioning (RIC: 4 5-min episodes of bila...


The aetiology of aortic stenosis in the presence of a normal mitral valve is obscure, the major possibilities being old rheumatic infection and calcification of a congenitally abnormal valve. The present report describing a healthy pulmonary valve with only two cusps occurring in association with a typical extreme calcific aortic stenosis, therefore, throws some light on this subject. ulcerated so that it formed a dome-shaped protrusion into the aorta. Its slit-like orifice was nearly antero-posterior and measured 19 x 7 mm.; the front end abutted the nodule on the posterior pulmonary cusp. It seemed originally to have been bicuspid, too, its right-hand cusp bearing a nodule similar to that on the pulmonary valve. The right coronary artery arose from two orifices 2 mm. apart in the anterior part of the right sinus in front of the nodule. There was a small mural thrombus in the right atrium. There were multiple organizing pulmonary infarcts with effusions and evidence of chronic passive con- gestion in the other organs. Organizing thrombi of considerable age were present in the cedematous calf of the right leg. There were no histological abnormalities in the myocardium, nor, apart from congestion and infarction, in the lungs. No organic cause for the uremia was found.


A well-balanced market is characterized by competition between businesses. It is encouraged that a market and the economy should be fair, competitive and effective. This enhances growth and development of the economy and hence its market implications cannot be under-estimated. As a result competition law in Kenya has, over the years, been growing. The current policy governing competition in Kenya is the Competition Act, No. 12 of 2010, which was amended to form the Competition Amendment Act, 2016. However, despite the development of these policies market dominance and abuse of market dominance are common in Kenya, with the telecommunication sector being in the limelight for the last ten years. In Kenya, Safaricom dominates the Kenyan mobile market, sweeping up more than 90 percent of revenues in areas such as voice calls and text messaging. In addition, Safaricom also enjoys dominance of the network infrastructure, owning the bulk of cellphone towers in marginal and low populated areas. In the recent past, the competitors in the sector (Bharti Airtel, equitel and Telkom) have complained that Safaricom's dominance stifles competition. The unfair competition in the industry has led to exit of Yu (India's Essar Telecoms) from the Kenyan market. The objective of this paper was therefore to assess the role of Communication Authority of Kenya (CAK) in regulating dominance of players in the telecommunication industry in Kenya. The results indicated that over the years, competition policy in Kenya has been facing many challenges during the implementation process with some of the challenges including lack of resources and political support. This study recommends that the government of Kenya should provide the necessary resources including financial resources and adequate and skilled human resource. The Authority should build a human resource capacity through recruitment of staff with the requisite skills and also ensuring their retention by motivating them through various initiatives including welfare and learning growth programmes. In addition, The Competition Authority has some overlapping roles with some of the sector regulators. Although the Act provides that the Authority has primary jurisdiction in all competition and consumer welfare matters, lack of cooperation from some sector regulators led to increased transactions costs for the regulated and also increasing the risk of contradictory decisions emanating from two government agencies. Mid 2016 year, there was confusion on who between the Competition Authority and Communication Authority should deal with anti-competitive behaviors of a dominant operator in the telecommunications sector. This paper recommends that the current policies should be revised to clearly stipulate the roles and the mandate of each of the two institutions.


Introduction : Internal hemipelvectomy is an alternative in the treatment of pelvic tumors that is traditionally performed using the utilitarian approach described by Enneking and Dunham (1978), however, it involves potential skin suffering that tends to delay healing and consequently the start of adyuvant therapies in oncological patients. Material and methods: Retrospective and descriptive study related to the access used by the authors to perform internal hemipelvectomies in which the usual skin conflict zone of the utilitarian approach, is avoided. The surgical technique and the clinical results obtained through the surgical access detailed here, are described, as well as the feasibility of obtaining adequate resection margins. Results: 17 patients were included, 64.7% of whom presented some complication, but in only one case it could be attributed to the proposed ilioinguinal access as a posible facilitator to this unfavorable situation. The resection margins were clean in 16 patients (90.9%), while the positive case is still alive and without data of tumor activity 11 years after the procedure. Discussion: Hemipelvectomy involves high rates of complications. The proposed access eliminates one of the situations that could generate cutaneous morbidity that could delay possible adjuvant therapies. Conclusions: It is a complex procedure, safe in trained hands, potentially beneficial in the surgical recovery process, capable of not affecting the control of the disease, but which must be performed by specialized surgeons.


Summary Our ability to image targets beneath complex overburdens is compromised by our ability, under these circumstances, to find the precise velocity model with which to downward continue the measured wavefield. As part of a research effort responding to this challenge, a subseries of the inverse scattering series has been identified that is responsible for locating seismic events in depth using measured reflection data and only the wave velocity of a reference medium – not the actual medium. Analytical and numerical studies of this subseries for a 1-D constant density acoustic medium have revealed a welcome property. The leading order contributions to this imaging subseries cooperate to locate reflectors at the correct depth. In the context of the convergence of the imaging subseries, this cooperative behavior suggests that the leading order terms in the subseries will not have the deleterious property that successive terms overshoot/undershoot the correct depth. This cooperation also serves to unambiguously indicate whether the reference velocity is slower or faster than the actual medium velocity. The information comes from the amplitudes and kinematics of the data at and above the reflector being imaged.


Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles (PHEVs) have the ability to drastically reduce petroleum use. The FreedomCAR Office of Vehicle Technology is developing a program to study the potential of the technology. The first step in the program is to define the requirements of PHEV components. Because the battery appears to be the main technical barrier, from both performance and cost perspectives, research has focused on that component. Working with FreedomCAR energy storage and vehicle experts, Argonne National Laboratory (Argonne) researchers have developed a process to define the requirements of energy storage systems for plug-in applications. This paper describes the impact of All Electric Range (AER), drive cycle, and control strategy on battery requirements. First, battery requirements are defined for several vehicle classes and AER by using a vehicle simulation tool. Then, a subset of the simulation is validated by using the Li-ion JohnsonControlSaft VL41M using battery Hardware-in-the-Loop (HIL). Finally, the simulated requirements, based on following the Urban Dynamometer Driving Schedule (UDDS), are compared with an aftermarket Toyota Prius tested on a dynamometer at Argonne's Advanced Powertrain Research Facility (APRF).


Objective To analyze the features of pelvic arteriography in postpartum hemorrhage.Methods The pelvic arteriographic results of postdelivery hemorrhage caused by differeut cause in 10 patients whom were treated with artery embolization were analysed and compared with the clinical data.Results The arteriographic features included irrgeular nodose or diffuse outflow of contrast medium in bilateral upper branches of uterine artery in 5 cases with atonic uterus streaky or cloudy contrast medium in the site of uterine incision in 2 cases after caesarean.In two cases with incomplete laceration in the lower portion of soft puerperant tract,there was distinct outflow of contrast medium in one side or bilateral down branches of uterine artery but its bilateral upper branches was displayed clearly.On angiography in one case with uterine vascular malformation displayed one of upper uterine branch was enlarged and the constrast medium flowed into utrine cavity directly.Conclusion Pelvic arteriography in postpartum hemorrhage with different causes has its special findings.Arteriography in combination with the clinical data can afford more direct and accurate informations for analysing the causes of postpartum hemorrhage causes.


Three main drivers are reshaping the roadmap for new requirements for French Distribution Control: the growing presence of distributed generation (DG) on the Medium Voltage grid, the development of automated metering management (AMM) and the continuing need to optimise operational costs. Improved observability, control and automation can bring value at the planning and operational levels for all the actors present on the system (generation parties, DSOs). We identified short-term challenges (the limits of the fit and forget approach on the transmission system, the optimisation and forecast of substation loads in the presence of DG, the optimisation of losses, the improvement of post-fault customer restoration) and also long term challenges (coordinated voltage control to lower DG connection costs). The paper describes the possible roadmaps in terms of distribution automation and the new tools and equipment that will be needed in the control centre, in the substation and at the DG facilities.


This study focuses beyond the traditional role of microfinance in addressing poverty to examine also its effect on social exclusion and human development. It proposes and tests a model of the relationships between these three concepts using data from Bangladesh Association for Social Advancement (ASA)'s participants in Bangladesh compared to a control group.


The biological removal of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT), hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5triazine (RDX) and octahydro-1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetrazocine (HMX) through a multiple stage treatment approach was investigated. The reduction of TNT to 2,4,6triaminotoluene (TAT) and the removal of RDX and HMX in first stage anaerobic fluidized-bed reactors (AFBRs) were achieved. Ethanol served as the electron donor, and two types of attachment media were utilized, namely sand and granular activated carbon (GAC). More complete removal of TNT, RDX and HMX was achieved with GAC as attachment medium. A GAC-AFBR successfully reduced the TNT contained in industrial pretreated pinkwater to TAT, and removed RDX and HMX. Near complete reduction of TNT to TAT and removal of RDX and HMX was achieved in sand and GAC medium AFBRs at very low ethanol loadings. The theoretical ethanol loadings required to achieve this could be calculated with the proposed stoichiometric. An ethanol to TNT loading of 3.6:1 on a molar basis was provided as a practical operating guideline for a laboratory scale AFBR. An empty bed contact time (EBCT) of 1.82 hours was shown to be sufficient for a GAC-AFBR operating under these conditions. Second stage activated sludge reactors were shown to lower influent TAT concentrations significantly, although complete removal was not accomplished. The extent of TAT removal attributable to biological oxidation is uncertain since TAT polymerizes under aerobic conditions. Residual dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentrations indicate some removal of TAT can be attributed to oxidation. A second stage denitrifying fluidized-bed reactor (FBR) was incapable of utilizing TNT and incompletely reduced intermediates as electron donor. With the addition of ethanol these energetic compounds competed for ethanol, and may have been toxic to denitrifying microorganisms. Ethanol was utilized preferentially over TAT for the reduction of nitrate. TAT did not polymerize under denitrifying conditions, and was utilized as electron donor under ethanol insufficient operating conditions. Methanogenesis was observed to be inhibited by the presence of TNT in batch tests. RDX and HMX at various concentrations neither enhanced nor inhibited the biological reduction of TNT. Hydrogen served as electron donor for TNT reduction at a loading of 147% of the theoretical requirement. Sulfide was shown to abiotically reduce TNT to TAT.


The theory of a composite acoustic resonator, containing layers of magnets and nonmagnetic dielectric/ferroelectric, placed in a transverse magnetic field is presented. Analytical expressions for the input electrical impedance Ze of the piezoelectric transducer for shear acoustic waves were obtained. Numerical calculations of spectral characteristics of the resonator with ZnO as a piezoelectric layer and crystal YIG films as magnetic layers were performed. The possibility to control HBAR resonant frequency without significant reduction in quality factor is demonstrated. It is shown that for a thin ferrite film the influence of the external magnetic field on individual resonance peaks takes place. It is due to the fact that separate spin wave resonance in a thin YIG film can be adjusted by bias field so this resonance is close to a separate bulk acoustic wave resonance.


When surface waves occur on the boundary of a gas‐filled space surrounded by liquid, the resulting motions of the gas include velocity components parallel to the gas–liquid interface. Because these satisfy a nearly nonslip condition, boundary layers are established and small‐scale acoustic streaming is generated in the gas phase. Approximate theory suggests that significant convection can occur, and may play a role in sonic enhancement of rate processes which occur at gas–liquid interfaces. For example, intrabubble streaming may contribute to the enhancement of rectified diffusion observed by Gould [J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 56, 1740–1746 (1974)].


A thin jet of liquid issuing from a nozzle at a high velocity disintegrates spontaneously into droplets under the action of surface tension. A periodic disturbance of the jet can be used to control the disintegration so as to make all droplets of the same size. A system for generating monodisperse sprays according to the principle outlined above has been designed and built. The jet is modulated by axial vibration of the nozzle, which is mounted at the center of a membrane. The membrane is vibrated by means of electrostrictive elements. Droplets in the diameter range 40–15 μ have been produced at a vibration frequency of 20–300 kHz. The stream of droplets has been analyzed in several ways. A jet of air perpendicular to the droplet stream has proved to be of special value. Several air jets, pulsed in suitable phase relations, are utilized to disperse the stream of droplets and to prevent the droplets from coalescing during the drying phase of the aerosol generation.


We study outflows driven by Active Galactic Nuclei (AGNs) using high- resolution simulations of idealized z=2 isolated disk galaxies. Episodic accretion events lead to outflows with velocities >1000 km/s and mass outflow rates up to the star formation rate (several tens of Msun/yr). Outflowing winds escape perpendicular to the disk with wide opening angles, and are typically asymmetric (i.e. unipolar) because dense gas above or below the AGN in the resolved disk inhibits outflow. Owing to rapid variability in the accretion rates, outflowing gas may be detectable even when the AGN is effectively "off." The highest velocity outflows are sometimes, but not always, concentrated within 2-3 kpc of the galactic center during the peak accretion. With our purely thermal AGN feedback model -- standard in previous literature -- the outflowing material is mostly hot (10^6 K) and diffuse (nH Gyr) timescales.


SELinux is used for system level security in various systems using Linux, and is now being used for device security such as IoT. However, since SELinux has inherent problems of execution time degradation, various studies have been conducted to solve this problem. In this paper, we show that performance can be improved through policy reconfiguration in the environment where the loadable module policy method, which is a general method using SELinux, is applied. By reconfiguring the access query table through the Priority-TE policy that gives priority to the type, it is possible to provide faster execution time for types requiring faster access query performance. This paper introduces the differences between SELinux policy configuration method in Monolithic environment and performance analysis. This can be used as a reference by security administrators or developers in applying SELinux.


The aim of this study was to describe the dynamics of HIF‐1α, GLUT‐1, Bcl‐2 and Ki‐67 during chemoradiotherapy (CRT) of rectal cancer, and to investigate the fluctuation of these biomarkers in relation to pathological response to CRT. The study included 86 patients with rectal adenocarcinoma receiving preoperative CRT (>50.4 Gy and Uracil/Tegafur). Immunohistological expressions of HIF‐1α, GLUT‐1, Bcl‐2 and Ki‐67 were investigated in biopsies taken before treatment, after 2, 4 and 6 weeks of CRT and in specimens from the operation. Decreasing expressions of HIF‐1α, Bcl‐2 and Ki‐67 were observed during CRT, whereas GLUT‐1 overall was unchanged. No significant changes of the markers were observed in the interval between CRT and surgery. A significant association was observed between the presence of residual carcinoma after 6 weeks of treatment and pathological response to CRT, but no association was seen between the fluctuations of any of the markers and response to CRT.


A decade ago we proposed to enlist for transplantation those patients with resected hepatocellular carcinoma in whom pathology registered pejorative histological markers (microvascular invasion and/or satellites; ab initio indication) and not wait for the appearance of recurrence. This study evaluates the outcome of this approach. From 1995 to 2012, 164 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma underwent resection. Eighty‐five patients were potential candidates for liver transplantation and were considered for it upon detection of pejorative histological markers. Patients without these markers were followed, and salvage liver transplantation was considered upon development of tumor recurrence/liver function impairment. Thirty‐seven patients were at high risk and 48 at low risk of recurrence at pathology. Twenty‐three out of 37 high‐risk patients recurred during follow‐up, but in nine of them the tumor burden extent contraindicated liver transplantation. Seventeen were finally transplanted: 10 of them presented recurrence at imaging/explant. After a median posttransplant follow‐up of 50.9 months, hepatocellular carcinoma had recurred in two patients and five patients had died, the 5‐year survival being 82.4%. Twenty‐six of the 48 low‐risk patients developed recurrence, and 11 of them were transplanted. After a median posttransplant follow‐up of 59 months, two patients developed recurrence and five died, their 5‐year survival being 81.8%. Conclusion: Enlistment of patients at high risk of HCC recurrence after resection but before recurrence development seems a valid strategy and is associated with excellent long‐term outcome; as early (<6 months) recurrence reflects an aggressive tumor behavior leading to tumor extent exceeding transplant criteria, we propose to wait at least 6 months before enlistment; however, once included on the waiting list, priority strategies should be implemented in order to reach effective transplantation prior to the appearance of recurrence. (Hepatology 2016;63:839–849)


The invention relates to an internally ventilated motor vehicle brake disc 1 which consists at least in part of a fiber composite material, comprising two parallel friction surfaces 3 on one or more friction rings with cooling channels, wherein the one or more friction rings are arranged non-rotatably on a brake disk chamber 4. The object of the present invention is to propose a further improved motor vehicle brake disc 1 in lightweight construction, which takes into account the advanced, efficient motor vehicles. The object is achieved by the two friction surfaces 3 consist of fiber composite material, that parallel to the friction surfaces 3, a disc-shaped carrier 2 is provided for the friction surfaces 3, and wherein the carrier 2 is integrally connected to the brake disc chamber (4).


The preparation and properties of 9,9-bis(methoxymethyl) fluorene are studied. There are two steps in the synthesis of 9,9-bis(methoxymethyl) fluorene.Firstly,9,9-bis(hydroxy-methyl) fluorene is prepared through the reaction between fluorene and paraformaldehyde.Secondly,9,9-bis(hydroxymethyl) fluorene is turned into 9,9-bis(methoxymethyl) fluorene with the three-phase transfer catalysis method.The Ziegler-Natta catalyst is prepared by 9,9-bis(methoxymethyl) fluorene as electron donor.Propene is polymerized in good effect,the activity is 130 kg PP per g catalyst and the isotacticity of the polymer exceeded 97% with the Ziegler-Natta catalyst.A novel synthesis technology for producing 9,9-bis(methoxymethyl) fluorene is presented,and an equipment is also constructed successfully,which can manufacture high quality of 9,9-bis(methoxymethyl) fluorene.


Xu Guang-ping, the chairman of the students association at Beijing National Women's Normal College(國立北京女子師範大學) was one of the most active students in expelling the principal of that college. She was grown up as a so-called 'New Woman' on account of her favorable environment. That is to say she was one of the few, highly educated women and during her student period she went through the May Fourth Movement. But she is well known not because of her own career as a 'New Woman' but because of her relationship with the great modem Chinese writer Lu Xun(魯迅). In other words she is mostly known as the second wife of Lu Xun. In this article I will survey the life and thoughts of Xu Guang-ping as a case study of the so-called 'New Woman'. My conclusions are as follows: First of all, she could be educated together with her brothers due to her relatively enlightened mother in her early days. But even though her parents sent her to the private academy, they wanted her to be a good wife after she became a bit literate. Moreover her mother forced her foot-binding and her father made a verbal promise that he would send his newly born daughter Guang-ping to his friend as a daughter-in-law in future. In spite of her parents' wishes Xu Guang-ping denied foot-binding and also cancelled her engagement as soon as her father died. Secondly, she showed a marked individuality from her childhood; she was highly sensitive at the inequality between male and female sexes and was a girl of great self-respect. After she broke her engagement she wanted to enter a school of higher degree. At that time when a girl wanted to earn her own living it was convenient for her to enter the women's normal school because a woman could get a job by teaching in the primary school. So Xu Guang-ping entered Tienjin Women's Normal School(直隸第一女子師範學校) and there she went through the 5ㆍ4 Movement. She not only vigorously read books and journals that appeared as the results of the 5ㆍ4 New Cultural Movement but also engaged in the 5ㆍ4 Patriotic Movement. After she graduated at the Normal School she entered the Beijing National Women's College then the highest institution of women's learning. There she became a student activist and successfully expelled the conservative female principal of the college. Thirdly, in the process of expelling the principal from the college she obtained absolute support of Lu Xun, then the lecturer of the college. In the meantime both of them loved each other and they escaped from Beijing on the eve of the Fengtian army's capture of Beijing. Their running away from Beijing also meant that they escaped from the first, illeterate wife of Lu Xun. At first Lu Xun went to Amoy and Xu Guang-ping to Guangzhou in search of their respective jobs. Xu Guang-ping gained her first and last job as a teacher. But she couldn't maintain that job any longer because of the unstable and poor salary and troubles with the student activists. About the time when she thought of changing her job, Lu Xun came to Guangzhou to be a professor and she became his teaching assistant. Thereafter she became the 'shade' of Lu Xun. Fourthly, the two lovers settled finally in Shanghai. They lived together and he started as a writer again. He didn't want to teach any longer and all day long at home he wrote many kinds of works while she became a housewife, mother, secretary and writing assistant etc. Though she wanted to find a job and do somewhat useful works for the society he never let her do her own independent work. He always wanted her to remain as his assistant. Lastly, Xu Guang-ping didn't objected to him, but she regretted a lot after his death. The articles she wrote about woman during the 1940s expressed her regret so vividly that we could easily become aware of it. As a matter of fact Lu Xun was not the only reason that Xu Guang-ping, the highly educated 'New Woman' abandoned her independent life having her own job. There were also other reasons such as relatively narrow opportunities for women to find a good job etc. But if we think about the externally dangerous and internally chaotic situation China faced at that time (from 1920s to 1930s when the two person have had the most intimate relationships) and if we think of a young woman of patriotism such as Xu Guang-ping, it is somewhat natural that she might console herself that it would be a much greater contribution to her own country to help his husband Lu Xun instead of her seeking for her independent life. The national crisis which the so-called 'New Woman' of the Republican China faced was the reason why Xu Guang-ping gave up her independence. And I named her abandonment as the Iimist of 'New Woman'


This paper proposes a fully differential opamp implemented in 120 nm digital CMOS technology, with rail-to-rail input common-mode range, realized by a novel approach of constant small- and large-signal behavior control. The small-signal response is improved to an extremely slim deviation of 2.4%. Also a new class-AB rail-to-rail output stage is designed, targeting at high drive capability down to 33Omega resistive load, high power transfer efficiency and linearity. A modified measurement circuitry for fully differential opamps is introduced as well.


Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to offer a review of the selected literature in ethical leadership synthesizing findings from 45 articles selected from journals on leadership, public administration, organizational behavior, psychology and ethics.

Design/methodology/approach
Four themes are addressed: the conceptualization of ethical leadership theories, the existence of popular measurement instruments for ethical leadership, findings on ethical leadership in the public sector and outcomes of ethical leadership in terms of benefits and negative consequences.

Findings
The definition by Brown et al. (2005) is the most frequently used definition, even though recent criticism states that this definition may be too narrow. Ethical leadership is usually measured by means of a survey; however, there are at least three different questionnaires in use. In the public sector, ethical leadership has been linked to both positive outcomes and negative consequences.

Research limitations/implications
This paper only includes selected academic articles and does not include published books.

Originality/value
Based on our findings, the authors present recommendations for future research, among others into a broader conceptualization of ethical leadership and the use of mixed methods.


Conventional fixation of the delicate, highly folded rat ciliary body and its iridial extension, as well as of vitreal structures, is associated with the induction of a number of artifacts, thus limiting the reliability of morphological interpretations. Improved ultrastructural preservation may be achieved by microwave heating in combination with osmium tetroxide fixation. This protocol, although simple and cheap, yields results, particularly with respect to the extracellular matrix compartment between inner and outer ciliary epithelial cells, which are not greatly inferior to those obtained by implementing the sophisticated high pressure freezing and freeze substitution technique. The latter affords good to very good ultrastructural preservation of epithelium and stromal components, such as blood vessels, neural elements, smooth muscle cells, fibrocytes, and free cells, up to a depth of 50–100 μm from the tissue surface. Its superiority over osmium tetroxide/microwave fixation is revealed in the cytoplasmic, intraorganellar, and vitreal matrix compartments, which incur no obvious losses. © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


To meet the fast and accurate requirement of image measurement in the auto-focusing system of image measurement instrument,gray contrast function was improved as following: by making use of the features that the focus image has smaller range of the gray scale transition than the defocused image and calculating the average change in gray value,focusing was reached with the number of changes in gray-scale.The comparison shows that the improved gray scale contrast function has simpler time computational complexity and higher focusing sensitivity.The improved function,with good stability,has faster focusing speed and higher focusing accuracy than other methods in the auto-focusing system of image measurement instrument.


Electrocatalytic oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) are vital in the renewable energy platform particularly fuel cells and rechargeable batteries, where construct...


Abstract: Multi-level inverter have huge advantages than the conventional inverter. This paper proposes 17 level cascaded multilevel inverter with minimum number of semiconductor switches and DC sources. A new controller is designed to trigger the switches of semiconductor devices to obtained the required output. To control the switching sequence of the metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor(MOSFET) an embedded code is developed. 3- level, 5 -level ,17 -level and 27 -level cascaded H Bridge multi-level inverters are modelled on MATLAB/SIMULINK and Total Harmonic distortion (THD) of each level are compared to show the improved performance. Keywords: H-bridge, multilevel inverter, symmetrical DC-sources, asymmetrical H bridge topology


A test procedure to evaluate the performance and health of field installations of grid-connected battery energy storage systems (BESS) is described. Performance and health metrics captured in the procedures are: round-trip efficiency, standby losses, response time/accuracy, and useable energy/state of charge at different discharge/charge rates over the system's lifetime. The procedures are divided into reference performance tests, which require the system to be put in a test mode and are to be conducted in intervals, and real-time monitoring tests, which collect data during normal operation without interruption. The procedures can be applied on a wide array of BESS with little modification and can thus support BESS operators in the management of BESS field installations with minimal interruption and expenditure. Simulated results based on a detailed system simulation of a prototype system are provided as guideline.


Fits occurring in pregnant women were recognized and recorded as early as the 4th century BC by Hippocrates [94]. The condition was termed eclampsia—a Greek word which translates literally as 'shine forth'—implying a sudden development. Little was known about eclampsia until 1843, when Lever of Guy's Hospital found that many of the women who had fits also had albumin in their urine [74]. However, it was not until the widespread use of the sphygmomanometer that the condition was known to be associated with raised systemic arterial pressure. Because it was recognized that albuminuria and hypertension could precede the onset of fits, the term pre-eclampsia was coined although this nomenclature is now criticized because only a small proportion of patients with pre-eclampsia subsequently develop eclampsia. Pre-eclampsia is a multisystem disorder of unknown aetiology and unique to pregnant women after 20 weeks' gestation. In the UK, 18.6 % of maternal deaths are caused by hypertensive diseases [42]. Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy are common, affecting 10.6 % of pregnant women [109]. Preeclampsia (i.e. proteinuric hypertension) affects 5.8 % of primigravidas, and 0.4 % of secundagravid women [84]. While premature labour is the leading cause of very low birthweight neonates, the next most common cause is hypertension which accounts for 23 % of all viable very low birthweight singleton infants [2]. Pre-eclampsia is a progressive disease with a very variable mode of presentation and rate of progression. Of all the features of the syndrome, hypertension, pregnancy-induced proteinuria, excessive weight gain and oedema are the classic clinical manifestations. Other features include, thrombocytopenia, hyperuricaemia, abnormal liver function tests, haemoconcentration, hypoalbuminaemia and eclampsia. Eclampsia is a rare but serious complication of pre-eclampsia; it complicates about 1:2000 deliveries in Europe and the developed countries [45] and from 1 : 100 to 1 : 1700 deliveries in developing


Prunus varieties are a major contributor to bioactive compounds in the daily diet in the spring and summer. There is a need to disseminate knowledge about the benefits of consuming fruits and their products to the public and to expand research into the potential for harnessing their health potential. The study aims at evaluating target physicochemical and composition attributes of two mid-season ripening dessert peach varieties: "July Lady" (freestone) and "Laskava" (freestone). Fruit weight, shape and size, as well as colour and firmness were evaluated. Image analysis was used to describe properties such as length, width, thickness, etc. Dry matter (%), ash content (%), total soluble solids, pH, titratable acidity, total sugar content, and protein content were employed to characterize the studied varieties. Total soluble solids varied from 12.52 to 13.52 and dry content-from 14.98 to 16.16%. A descriptive sensory method characterised the studied varieties, and the panellists detected differences in each of the categories (aroma, taste, texture and appearance). These results highlight new data about peach varieties and help to better feature their unique characteristics.


A dual-beam microstrip array antenna based on conical beam elements is proposed in this paper. Circular patch operating at the TM01 mode is used to achieve conical beam pattern. Grating lobes of the array is used to obtain dual-beam patterns with large elevation angle and high gain. Detailed analysis and design have been presented. A 4 £ 4 antenna prototype has been fabricated and measured. Experimental results show that the antenna array has the return loss better than 10dB over 12.26GHz{12.88GHz and exhibits two symmetric radiation beams, directed at §49:4 - with 16.6dBi gain at 12.5GHz. Good agreement between the simulated and measured results is observed. Compared with the previous scheme, the alternative proposal possesses the advantages of being easy to form a planar array with low cross-polarization and having relatively high aperture e-ciency simultaneously.


ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of low temperature on the microwave-assisted vacuum frying of potato chips. A newly built, in-house, microwave-assisted frying machine was developed and used in this study. The effect of low temperature on the microwave-assisted vacuum frying of potato chips was investigated via comparing sample properties prepared with frying temperatures of 90°C, 95°C, and 100°C. The experience was taken at the same vacuum degree in every frying process. Parameters of included moisture content, oil content, color parameters (lightness, redness, and yellowness), and textures (hardness, crispness) were used to evaluate the effect of different frying temperatures on the microwave-assisted vacuum frying of potato chips. Results showed that with lower temperature in microwave-assisted frying, the rate of moisture evaporation of potato chips was slowed down and the time of the ending of frying was prolonged from 10 min with a frying temperature of 100°C to 14 min with 90°C and 12 min with 95°C. Meanwhile, the oil content in fried potato chips was increased with lower temperature in microwave-assisted vacuum frying. The breaking force of final products are not significantly (p > 0.05) affected in different frying temperatures of microwave-assisted vacuum frying. Also, the frying temperature of 100°C in microwave-assisted vacuum frying had better preservation of natural color than the lower frying temperature with prolonged frying time. Results showed that the temperature is one of the main factors that affect the quality of microwave-assisted vacuum frying of potato chips and the producer could find suitable temperature conditions according to experience.


Summary With strong reference to the theoretical work of Gilles Deleuze, Antonin Artaud, and Friedrich Nietzsche, this article aims to understand J.M. Coetzee's Dusklands ([1974]1998) as a novel of relations. From the reader's initial difficulty in trying to reconcile the seemingly divergent constitutive narratives to its exploration of the (failed) relationships between subject and object, Self and Other, and the corporeality of the body and the incorporeality of the mind, Dusklands demands that the reader pay close attention to the sets of associations and connections that it establishes. And it is in this context that this article argues that Dusklands presents the narratives of two men who begin to experience the failure of such fundamental relationships: as they begin to uncontrollably oscillate between the ontological states of the known‐subject and the incomprehensible‐Other. Under such conditions, an analysis of the relationship between the body and the "event" of pain that circulates upon it reveals that this complex state of affairs is highly detrimental to the integrity of the philosophical principles of the Enlightenment that underscored the structural imperatives of European colonial discourse. Indeed, it seems certain that without the guarantee of a conceptual Other with which to construct world reality, the claim to "truth" maintained by scientific rationality begins to stutter.


Three infrared active defects in GaAsN grown by chemical beam epitaxy (CBE) are identified as N-H related defects which are determinative of electrical property of (In)GaAsN. One N-H related defect is also observed in GaAsN grown by metalorganic chemical-vapor deposition (MOCVD). However other two N-H related defects are only observed in GaAsN grown by CBE. Therefore there is possibility that these two defects are characteristic defects of CBE. We also clarify number of hydrogen in the N-H related defects which is important factor of the defects' electrical property. One N-H related defect includes two hydrogens and two N-H related defects include one hydrogen, respectively. These results are derived by using deuterated N source.


The natural convection flow over a surface embedded in saturated porous media is encountered in many engineering problems such as the design of pebble-bed nuclear reactors, ceramic processing, crude oil drilling, geothermal energy conversion, use of fibrous material in the thermal insulation of buildings, catalytic reactors and compact heat exchangers, heat transfer from storage of agricultural products which generate heat as a result of metabolism, petroleum reservoirs, storage of nuclear wastes, etc.


Immune cell inflammation is implicated in the pathophysiology of acute trauma-induced coagulopathy (TIC). We hypothesized that leukocyte inflammation contributes to TIC by oxidation and proteolysis of fibrinogen. To test this hypothesis, antioxidants, and a novel anti-inflammatory melanocortin fusion protein (AQB-565) were used to study the effects of IL-6 stimulated human leukocytes on fibrinogen using single-cell imaging flow cytometry and multiplex fluorescent western blotting. We also studied the effects of AQB-565 on fibrinogen using an in vivo rat trauma model of native TIC. IL6 induced cellular inflammation and mitochondrial superoxide from human monocytes, causing fibrinogen oxidation and degradation in vitro. Antioxidants suppressing mitochondrial superoxide reduced oxidative stress and inflammation and protected fibrinogen. AQB-565 decreased inflammation, inhibited mitochondrial superoxide, and protected fibrinogen in vitro. Trauma with hemorrhagic shock increased IL6 and other pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, selectively oxidized and degraded fibrinogen, and induced TIC in rats in vivo. AQB-565 given at the onset of hemorrhage blocked inflammation, protected fibrinogen from oxidation and degradation, and prevented TIC. Leukocyte activation contributes to TIC by oxidation and degradation of fibrinogen that involves mitochondrial superoxide and cellular inflammation. Suppression of inflammation by activation of melanocortin pathways may be a novel approach for prevention and treatment of TIC.


Abstract The objective of this study was to examine whether the study of mathematics as a subject or course has any significant relationship with Nigerian National Development. Also, to ascertain if organizations whose workforce are sound mathematically are more likely to achieve higher productivity than those whose workforce are defective, mathematically. The methodology used to elicit data for the analysis was a simple random sampling technique by which a total of 100 respondents were selected from three faculties of the Kogi State University, including the bursary department. The sample size comprised of both students, academic and non-academic staff of the university. This method was considered adequate for the study in view of the homogenous nature of the population surveyed. The study revealed that "mathematics" as a field of study, was the only key to technological breakthrough in any given society. And no society could make meaningful progress in science and technology without embracing the concept, logic and philosophy of mathematics which is the tap root to all scientific thinking minds. Despite these facts however, many Nigerian Chief executives hate being associated with the study of mathematics and would want to avoid it by all means if possible. The study therefore recommended that, mathematics should be made a compulsory subject or course at the first and second years of study in all the tertiary institutions of learning in Nigeria. And equally, it should be incorporated in the training curricula of all organizations in Nigeria be it private or public sector organization. It is only then that the workers' minds could be developed for sound logical and critical reasoning that would help them as better planners and decision-makers in management and general administration.


The design of ultra-low power advanced encryption standard (AES) encryption cores for emerging wireless networks and Internet of things systems by combining optimised architectures, a simple clock gating technique and an advanced 65 nm silicon on thin buried oxide (SOTB) CMOS process is presented. The implementation results show that the proposed 2-Sbox AES encryption core requires the smallest number of clock cycles and achieves the lowest power consumption of 0.4 µW/MHz which is 3.3× lower than that of the best previous presented AES encryption core, with a very small area overhead. Moreover, the proposed 1-Sbox AES encryption core consumes very low hardware resources of 2.4 kgates gate equivalent.


Kieserite (MgSO4·H2O) solubility was measured at temperatures between (338 and 378) K, FeCl3 concentrations of 1.0 mol·kg−1, MgCl2 concentrations between (1.1 and 3) mol·kg−1, and HCl concentrations between (0.5 and 2.3) mol·kg−1. These conditions are of interest because of their relevance for processes designed to extract nickel from oxide ores by atmospheric leaching in mixed sulfate−chloride solutions. Experimental data were compared with model predictions generated by use of OLI Software's mixed solvent electrolyte (MSE) model. Model predictions for MgSO4·H2O solubility were found to match experimental results with an average absolute deviation of ± 0.09 mol·kg−1 and an average absolute relative deviation of 11.1 %. The ability of the model to accurately predict solubility trends in solutions not used in the development of model parameters validates the model.


In this study, we present the development of using artificial intelligence and robotic technologies in the logistics sector and differences of the change created by such technologies. We identified the most correct predictions pertaining to the future of logistics by comparing the results of studies with our findings. To analyze this change, the developments observed in the logistics perspective synthesized by doing research through the conceptual approach and literature review model and then, the impacts experienced in the logistics sector identified with findings obtained from the analyses. Within the framework of the conceptual approach; the types of robotic and developments created with the impact of the industrial revolution, changes experienced in transition from industry 4.0 to industry 5.0 in the logistics and technology-provider specification of the industry 5.0 were investigated. The criteria for the analyses are about the numbers of the use and sales value of the service robots used in the logistics sector in the world by the years, differences of the regional use and savings in the labor costs with the impact of robot investments. In this study, environmental data analyzed; CO 2 emission reduction amounts and diesel savings in highway, intermodal, emission reduction and diesel savings options in 2014 – 2020, and savings calculation tactic is applied. This study allows unique predictions to be obtain through the analysis of the impacts in different stages of the robotic logistics sector in terms of the ability of the robotic technologies to offer important benefits and propose utilization for the future.


The driving force of cable recycling has since decades been the high value of copper and aluminum. Also for environmental reasons it is very important to recycle these metals. For a sustainable future the recycling of cables not in use need to increase and improved methods for recycling of both metals and polymers in cable waste need to be implemented. This paper focuses on the recycling of cable polymer waste.


Commercial metal oxide semiconductor gas sensor array system is generally subject to significant crosssensitivity due to poor selectivity for different gases. This crosstalk greatly affects the accuracy of gas recognition and concentration measurement. In this paper, we explore the independent component analysis as a novel modeling technique to process the gas sensor array response data for quantitative and qualitative analysis. The process consists of two stages: first the type of gas is classified from the independent components analysis, then gas concentration is computed using the scatter plot of adjacent independent components. Simulation results demonstrate that the ICAbased method show good performance on the qualitative and quantitative gas component analysis.


Guriqbal Singh. Space Shift Keying Modulation in the Presence of Multiple Co-Channel Interferers (Under the Supervision of Dr. Salama Ikki). In this thesis, the performance of Space Shift Keying (SSK) Modulation, a technique for Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) wireless communication systems is studied. The results are analyzed and compared assuming absence as well as presence of Co-Channel Interference (CCI). SSK Modulation is based on the concept of Spatial Modulation (SM) technique for MIMO systems. In SM, only one transmitting antenna remains in the state of action at a single point in time while others remain in sleep mode, resulting in no Inter Channel Interference (ICI). This is another reason for the increase in system performance and spectral efficiency. Unlike SM, in SSK Modulation there is no transmission of data symbols. However, the index of transmitting antenna is transmitted, resulting in advantages such as a reduction in detection complexity and hardware cost as there is no need for Amplitude Phase Modulation (APM) elements at both transmitting and receiving end. In this work, the exact analytical expression for Average Bit Error Rate (ABER) of SSK Modulation in the presence of CCI has been derived, and the same is further supported by MATLAB simulated results. The analysis with CCI is necessary because the spectral efficiency of the communication system can be improved by a reduction in the re-use factor of the cochannel; however, reducing the re-use factor also raises the co-channel interference. Performance for the systems with single as well as multiple receiving antennas has been analyzed twice considering correlated and uncorrelated Rayleigh fading channels. The asymptotic analysis results for uncorrelated Rayleigh fading channels have also been derived and compared with exact results. Acknowledgments First and foremost, my deepest appreciation goes to my supervisor professor, Dr. Salama S. Ikki (Faculty, Department of Electrical Engineering, Lakehead University). Dr. Ikki has continually supported me and helped me in every step of the way. He gave me the motivation and the spirit to help me achieve my goals. Without his guidance, I could not have completed this research. I would also like to thank Mr. Raman Trivedi (DGM-R&D MicroMet-ATI Pvt. Ltd.) and Dr. Eylem Erdogan. I am extremely grateful for their expertise, guidance and their encouragement which they have given. Furthermore, my special gratitude goes to the review committee, Dr. Ali Afana and Dr. Dimiter Alexandrov for their feedback and approval of this research. In addition, I would like to acknowledge my close friends; Simardeep Singh Gill and Kanwarbir Singh Bajwa. During my research, I was able to get feedback and advice on my research techniques or report writing. For motivation and support, I would like to recognize Jaspreet Kaur Khela. Moreover, I also thank my mother as she helped me on every step of my journey. Also, with heavenly blessings of my father, I was able to complete this research. Finally, I would like to sincerely thank all the faculty members of the Department of Electrical Engineering at Lakehead University for their encouragement and help. I also would like to extend my gratitude to all who helped me in one way or another.


Well-log data indicate strong linear relationships exist between acoustic impedance (AI) and shear impedance (SI) for different lithologies and pore-fluid saturations. In fact, linear relationships also exist between normal-incident reflection coefficients for P wave (NIP) and for S wave (NIS). However, the basic underlying attribute that permits the discrimination can be traced back to the fluid factor discussed by Smith and Gidlow (1987).


This paper focuses on the complex nature of privacy and freedom of speech issues as they arise at the ISP. It addresses these critical issues by way of an examination of multiple specific contemporary examples and legal cases. Also discussed are a number of different approaches to more clearly define the status of the ISP and its multi‐faceted functions. Finally, some of the possible implications of various proposals for regulatory and legal schemes are examined. The author concludes that ultimately any such scheme must foreground the integral role that the ISP plays with respect to fundamental privacy and free speech rights on the Internet.


Today's society has become more dependent on the integrity and protection of digital information used in daily transactions resulting in an ever increasing need for information security. Additionally, the need for faster and more secure cryptographic algorithms to provide this information security has become paramount. Hardware implementations of cryptographic algorithms provide the necessary increase in throughput, but at a cost of leaking critical information. Side Channel Analysis (SCA) attacks allow an attacker to exploit the regular and predictable power signatures leaked by cryptographic functions used in algorithms such as RSA. The RSA public key cryptographic algorithm is particularly vulnerable to SCA attack in the timing of the multiplication and squaring operations used in the modular exponentiation process. Hardware obfuscation is used to modify the circuit's hardware to intentionally conceal its functionality from an attacker. In this research the focus is on a means to counteract this vulnerability by creating a Critically Low Observable Anti-Tamper Keeping Circuit (CLOAK) capable of continuously changing the way it functions in both power consumption and timing. A Field-Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) based Encryption System testbed was developed to rapidly prototype and conduct SCA of protected and unprotected cryptographic algorithms. This research has determined that a polymorphic circuit design capable of varying circuit power consumption and timing can protect a cryptographic device from an Electromagnetic Analysis (EMA) attacks. In essence, we are effectively CLOAKing the circuit functions from an attacker.


The digital balancing of the Furuta pendulum is studied when the time delay related to the digital control and the dynamics of the actuator have essential effects on stability. Such cases occur when the sampling rate of the digital control is low, that is, the control cycles are slow due to complex signal processing strategies and/or the implementation of cheap low-capacity microprocessors. A corresponding difficulty is that no direct velocity measurement is available. Critical sampling times are identified and stability charts are constructed and validated by experiments including the possible existence of quasi-periodic self-excited oscillations.


This thesis deals with the problem of bullying among pupils in the elementary school in Vyskov. According to research there is still an increase in the number of bullying children. The most of schools is not prepared to solve the bullying. Reasons can be varied. Little awareness of parents of pupils and the public, inadequate training of teachers in the field of bullying, or their indifference to solve these problems.


It is an artistic innovation as well as creation to play Chinese ancient music on the piano, the most representative and influential musical instrument in the West. The integration of the piano with the ancient Chinese music gives rise to fresh esthetical concepts, brand new means of musical creativity and a framework of unadorned emotional implications, all of which help to express strong humanistic spirit. Interesting enough, this also serves as an embodiment of the achievements of human cultural civilization. Hence, the connotations of regularity involved with this incident justify further study and development.


Recent experimental and computational advances have clearly established the importance of the linear alkylthiolate−Au−alkylthiolate (RS−Au−SR) complex at the interface between the thiolate groups and the gold surface. By using density functional theory-based first principles method, here we show that the elementary diffusion step of this linear complex on Au(111) has a barrier of only ∼0.5 eV in the case of methylthiolate, indicating great mobility of the linear complex on Au(111). The role of this low barrier in the formation of a self-assembled monolayer of thiolate groups in the form of RS−Au−SR on Au(111) is discussed.


Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi(AMF) are ubiquitous in terrestrial ecosystems,forming symbiotic associations with roots from the majority of plant species.In exchange for carbon from host plants,AMF colonization can facilitate plant uptake and transport of less mobile soil nutrients such as phosphorus,enhance drought tolerance and reduce pathogenic infections.However,the growth of AMF is affected by many factors including soil type,soil pH,soil moisture,soil fertility, etc.In this paper,we investigated the effects of soil fertility and long-term fertilization on the growth and diversity of AMF(including root colonization, hyphal length,spore production) under field conditions with long-term fertilization treatments in Hailun Experimental Station of Northeast China,Heilongjiang province.This long-term field experiment has been running for over 10 years. Therefore it is possible to investigate the effect of fertilization on AMF at longer time scale.Results of root colonization showed that NK treatments were beneficial to mycorrhizal formation.High fertilization level,particularly phosphorus(treatment NP-2K) inhibited the growth of AMF.Root colonization is one of the key factors affecting the growth of external hyphae and the production of spores in the soil.The higher root colonization with NK treatments produced longer external hyphae.However,higher spore numbers were not observed in NK treatments.This may be partly attributed to the difference in ecological distribution and characteristics of the community of AMF influenced by different fertilization treatments.The species richness and density tended to increase with the increase in soil fertility,while higher fertility(NP-2K and NPK-2) was not associated with higher species richness and density in the soil.AMF with the highest frequency was found to be in the genus of Glomus among the four fertilization treatments,Acaullospora had the second highest frequency,and Entrohosprora appeared only in NK treatment.The highest frequency genus of AMF in all treatments was Glomus,species with the highest frequency,such as Glomus mosseae,Glomus caledonium,Glomus diaphanum,were also the genus in Glomus.These results suggested that the community and population of AMF was affected by soil fertility.The soil fertility was then affected the community and ecological distribution of AMF.Among the different species of AMF,Glomus mosseae was the most popular species and had the highest tolerance to the high soil fertility.The results of this investigation indicated that Glomus mosseae was the isolate which had a wide adaptation to a wide range of soil fertility.


In the much-studied ethical thinking of Paul one aspect has been overlooked: the impact of role thinking. In his letters Paul assigns to the Christians several roles taken from social life, among which the sibling (brother/sister) role has a central position. Paul's frequent and often pointed use of sibling terminology shows that he employs ideas generally associated with social/biological siblingship in order to characterise and influence his co-Christians' attitudes and actions. By doing this, he reinforces and broadens the motivational basis for his ethics, and introduces elements which in important ways shape both its character and its content.


The central concern of this paper is to study leader-following quasi-bipartite synchronisation of a multiple inertial signed neural networks with varying time-delay by utilising distributed event-triggered impulsive control scheme, where connections between adjacent nodes of the neural networks either positive or negative. The second-order neural networks, called inertial neural networks, can be transformed into differential equations of first-order by implementing suitable variable substitution. Under certain hypothesis about the node dynamics, signed graph theory and balanced topology of networks, some conditions are derived in terms of lower-dimensional linear matrix inequalities (LMIs) to achieve leader-following quasi-bipartite synchronisation. In addition, a basic algebraic condition is derived to estimate the theoretical upper bound for the error node. Finally, some numerical simulations are provided to illustrate the correctness of the theoretical results.


Pyatigorsk State Scientific-Research Institute of Balneology, the prospectus of Kirov, 30, Pyatigorsk, Stavropol, Russia, 357500 Abstract. The pyelonephritis is the most frequent disease of urinary system in children with long current and process synchronization. Up to the present time, the scientific studies on the effectiveness of pelotherapy at the chronic pyelonephritis in children with ecological burdened history aren't carried out; there are no methods of its application for this population group of patients. 40 children, aged 7-14 years, with chronic pyelonephritis in ecological burdened histo- ry were examined. In the complex Spa treatment, the pelotherapy was held traditionally on the lumbar region or devel- oped adaptive-reflex technique. The advantage of the proposed approach to pelotherapy been proven that confirmed the best elimination of the complaints of patients and more pronounced dynamics of the signs of micro-hematuria, pyuria, oxaluria and recovery antichristianity ability urine on calcium phosphates in all patients. In comparison with the conven- tional treatment, the proposed technique is less invasive and more adequate, providing a gradual and consistent in- volvement of various reflex zones, which is important in violation of the adaptation processes in patients with ecologo- hygienic history. In addition, it is proved that the appointment of mud applications on a delicate mode contributes to the stimulation of protective forces of an organism, mainly through regulatory and training effects on various systems of the childʹs body, without causing general and local pathological reactions.


T he United States Military Academy (USMA) at West Point, the United States Air Force Academy (USAFA) at Colorado Springs, and the United States Naval Academy (USNA) at Annapolis provide tuitionfree, four-year undergraduate education and prepare entrants to be officers of the U.S. military services. Graduates are commissioned as officers for a minimum of five years. Each of the service academies admits between 1,100 and 1,350 entrants each year. In light of concerns regarding the diversity of cadets/midshipmen selected by the service academies, Congress requested that the Secretary of Defense conduct a comprehensive assessment of the recruiting efforts, admissions policies, graduation rates, and career success rates of academy entrants and graduates. RAND was asked to assist the Office of the Secretary of Defense in analyzing the data provided by the service academies on the gender and race/ethnicity breakdown of entry cohorts, their first-year completion rates, their graduation rates, and their rates of completing their initial service obligation (ISO). These data covered the period from 1992 to 2009.


Abstract In response to growing criticism of new public management reforms, the Nordic countries have introduced so-called trust reforms aimed at transforming public sector management and leadership. There is, however, scarce knowledge about the role of organizational concepts in national trust reform and how they are translated, not least in a comparative perspective. This study offers an in-depth analysis of how robustly "trust" as a concept has been translated in Danish and Swedish public sector reforms. Drawing on the literature on organizational translation, we use the translational diamond as a theoretical framework for a comparative analysis based primarily on document studies, triangulated with supplementary survey data and interviews. Findings indicate that the Swedish reform has both a stronger strategic and local anchoring as well as a more elaborate use of reflective and experimental reform activities. However, the study also points to other factors of importance to robust translations, such as long-term commitment and political support.


This paper aims to examine the weights of criteria and identify the choice of cooperation patterns simultaneously while evaluating and selecting suppliers for a manufacturing company. While the weighting process for the criteria is affected by the cooperation pattern that the company intends to pursue, the cooperation patterns are also affected by the emphasis on some specific criteria. The analytic network process that draws support from the concept of the Markov process is used to manipulate the interdependence situation. The decision-maker becomes aware of the choice of cooperation patterns with the suppliers by analyzing the weighting process for the criteria in the supplier selection process. It is different from the general way of determining the cooperation pattern subjectively. This also gives the decision-maker a chance to examine his previous decision. A numerical example has been used to verify the effectiveness of the approach. Although, in our example, only a single evaluator is involved in the evaluation process, the proposed approach is still applicable to the situation of multi-evaluators provided that data have been preprocessed appropriately.


Individual tree recruitment is an important element needed to understand stand dynamics, as it influences both stand composition and productivity. Forest growth simulators usually include recruitment models. The quality of recruitment predictions can have long-term impacts on estimations of forest growth, ecosystem health and the commercial utility of managed forests. The main objective of this study was to develop a recruitment model for commercial-size trees (i.e., trees with a diameter at breast height [DBH] > 9 cm) of 10 species groups using different dendrometric and environmental variables. The resulting model will be included in a growth simulator used to support forest management planning. We hypothesized that accounting for sapling density as a covariate would improve the recruitment model's predictive performance. Using empirical data from periodically measured permanent sample plots (1982–2019) located throughout the managed mixed hardwood forests of Quebec, we constructed models with and without sapling-related covariates and compared them on the basis of cross-validation model performance statistics. Our results show that including sapling density significantly improved model performance. From this, we conclude that adding sapling density as a covariate can significantly improve a recruitment model's predictive power for eastern mixed hardwood forests.


This report provides an account of a ldquomarine broadband frameworkrdquo wireless LAN coastal communication system constructed for the purpose of improving productivity and safety of commercial fishing operations. The marine broadband framework proposed in this report is a wireless communication network that can maintain a regular Internet connection at fast xDSL transmission speeds for low cost in coastal areas worked by small fishing vessels. The wireless LAN system uses an OWS 2400 (Strix Systems, Inc.) with IEEE802.11j specifications. An initial trial using small fishing vessels and ferries demonstrated that a wireless LAN connection could be maintained within a range of 10,000 m, along with actual throughput of around 6,000 Kbps. This trial was followed by a detailed assessment of transmission quality within the service area using a scientific research vessel. As a result, it was found that stable transmission with a receiving signal of -90 dBm and higher was maintained within a range of 14,000 m from a stationary base station. Additionally, actual throughput of 8,000 Kbps and higher from within about 2,000 m of a station, and 4,000 Kbps and higher from within about 12,000 m of a station was also confirmed. Consequently, these trials confirmed that a wireless LAN network with IEEE802.11j specifications can be used to construct a marine broadband communication framework in coastal regions with xDSL transmission speeds.


The invention discloses a method for manufacturing electrodes on two surfaces of a capacitance touch screen. The method comprises the following steps of: 1, coating a photoresist on a front-surface indium tin oxide (ITO) layer, exposing, developing and curing; 2, silk-screening a peelable adhesive on a back-surface ITO layer, drying, curing, and protecting the back-surface ITO layer; 3, etching the front-surface ITO layer, and peeling the photoresist and the peelable adhesive; 4, coating the photoresist on the back-surface ITO layer, exposing, developing and curing; 5, silk-screening the peelable adhesive on the front-surface ITO layer, drying, curing, and protecting the front-surface ITO layer; 6, etching the back-surface ITO layer to form an ITO pattern or line, peeling the photoresist and the peelable adhesive, and thus obtaining a back-surface molybdenum aluminum molybdenum (MoAlMo) layer by using a film coating line; 7, coating the photoresist on the back-surface MoAlMo layer, exposing and developing to form a pattern; and 8, etching the back-surface MoAlMo layer to form a MoAlMo pattern or line, and peeling the back-surface photoresist. The method has the advantages that: the peelable adhesive replaces the photoresist in the steps 2 and 3, the peelable adhesive is silk-screened by using a silk-screening machine, and a high-cost yellow light line can be used for performing other processes or producing other products; equipment is reasonably utilized; energy production capacity is improved; and cost is reduced.


This article explores possibilities for designing and executing simulation models with specific analysis goals in mind, and shows that a tight coupling of the modeling and analysis phases in a simulation project can lead to dramatic improvements in the study results. Suggestions are made for how simulation analysis, considered in the explicit context of discrete-event simulation models, can create new opportunities for meaningful research and more efficient modeling. Modeling decisions can play a significant role in the performance of analytical procedures. How a simulation model is designed can enable, inhibit, or even invalidate analytical procedures and methodology research results.


The effects of algal portion and weight,carbon concentration,and water flow on nutrient absorption by Ishige foliaceaokamurai and Sargassum fusiforme were studied by ecological methods in laboratory.The results showed that the absorption rates of different parts of the two species are different.In algal sections,for I.foliaceaokamurai,the absorption rate is the maximum at the lower part,and then the holdfast;for S.fusiforme,the lower part had the maximum rate,followed by middle part.In algal weight,for I.foliaceaokamurai,the maximum absorption rate was in l.Og group,followed by 1.5g;for S.fusiforme,the maximum was in 0.5g weight group,followed by 1.Og one.The 2.Og and 2.5g groups of the two species were almost the same in the absorption.In carbon concentration,for I.foliaceaokamurai the absorption rate in the concentration of 1200 mg/L was the maximum,followed by 800 mg/L;for S.fusiforme the maximum was in 800 mg/L,and then 400mg/L group.The absorption rates of control groups of both species(without algae,pure seawater) were relatively low.In water flow speed,the absorption rates of the two species are nearly the same.In the absorption rate of PO_4-P,the control(zero water flow) showed the maximum,while in the absorptions of No_3-N and NH_4-N,water flow at 50 cm/s reached the maximum value.


There are large quantities of heat is wasted in the producting process of cylinder drop stamping part, it is necessary to recycle the heat from the perspective of environmental protection. In this paper the waste heat recovery system that based on heating pump were analyzed, building up cylinder drop stamping normalizing temperature curve and observed metallographic microstructure of the samples at different temperatures. Rapid establishment of geometric model through the use of Pro/Engineer, application of Pro/Mechnica analog normalizing temperature curve, observed the cross-section temperature field nephogram. Based on the analysis, been established by virtual prototype thermal analogue in the Pro/Mechnica with the measured cooling process is consistent. waste heat recovery system which is used in the production of cylinder drop stamping part is effective.


This paper discusses the knowledge management challenge faced by Active Living by Design (ALbD), a Chapel Hill-based center focused on increasing physical activity through community design. ALbD is a small organization devoted to solving a critical public health problem: epidemic obesity. Obesity research is highly interdisciplinary, involving methods and data not only from public health, but from fields such as nutrition, city planning, transportation engineering, and architecture. The interdisciplinary work of finding solutions to the obesity crisis is new and rapidly evolving. Much of the available published information is scientific, focused on establishing clear research outcomes, while this organization emphasizes advocacy and practice.


Transparency of financial reporting requires organizations to present the financial statements are free of material false and biased information to outside parties. This is consistent with the concept of the reliability of information in the financial statements which should be free of errors and misleading understanding of material, presenting any facts honestly, and can be verified. Transparency can be affected by the financial management accountability, leadership and commitment to environmental uncertainty. The research was carried out in the city with the object of research is Dumai departments, agencies, and offices in Dumai amounting to 33 Workers Local Government Unit. Samples taken in this study amounted to 99 respondents. The data was collected using a questionnaire which was then analyzed using linear regression. The test results showed that leadership accountability and commitment affect the application of the local government financial reporting transparency Dumai, whereas environmental uncertainty does not affect the application of the transparency of financial pelaporang. The magnitude of the effect of accountability, environmental uncertainty and leadership commitment to the implementation of the local government financial reporting transparency Dumai is 77%. Keywords: Accountability, Environmental Uncertainty, Leadership Commitment and Application Transparency of Financial Reporting


In this paper, we analyze the propagation of orthogonality error for fast Rayleighpsilas quotient based adaptive noise subspace algorithm (FRANS). First, we examine the propagation of orthogonality error for the numerically unstable FRANS in the mean and in the mean-square sense. Then, numerically stable FRANS with householder transformation (HFRANS) is studied through simulation as an improvement to FRANS. Numerical examples are provided to demonstrate the validity of the proposed error propagation models.


This chapter gives an overview of special libraries, the management of special libraries, law libraries, and their management and administration. It discusses how the five managerial functions are exercised in law libraries in the Philippines based on the data in the study of the author. It also illustrates the need of the law libraries to collaborate, and discusses the model of a law library consortium proposed by Jaafar (2012). The views of the administrators of the parent institutions of the participant law libraries on their libraries and the propose consortium (based on the said study) are also discussed. At the end of the chapter, some of the recommendations in the aforementioned study were adopted and updated based on the emerging trends and other references for further studies.


Bacillus subtilis 3 l 4 strain, a producer of
superoxide dismutase(SOD)was carried intospace by the recoverable satellite on October 6~13
l992. The gene for SOD of this strain was mutage-nized in space。Some of the mutants showed
an increase in SOD activity.While others showed a reduc-tion. SOD produced by one of the
mutants was about l260 units/g cell after flight.while SOD pro-duced by the control was 560
units/g cell.Test strain grew faster than control,and its surviral rate af-ter flight was
approximately l0%. The activity of proteinase and amylase of the test strain were simi-lar to that
of the control strain. The results suggested that mutation caused by the space conditionscould
be used for industrial production.


In 1868, when the Meiji emperor had his powers 'restored' by the political revolution that destroyed the old feudal system of the Tokugawa shoguns, Japan was a predominantly agricultural economy. By the time of the emperor's death in 1912 Japan had achieved significant industrialisation and in 1920, after a further boom during the First World War, she was well advanced along the road to a distinctive type of industrial development based on textile goods for export, heavy industry for domestic civilian and military capital investment, and considerable state intervention in economic and social organisation. In the mid 1880s, about 70% of the gainfully-employed population were engaged in agriculture, producing well over 40% of the gross national product. Farmers derived about three-quarters of their total income from agricultural activities, although agriculture probably absorbed only about 60% of total work hours for the labour force as a whole, with another 2% each for fishing and construction, and a further 16% or so for traditional mining and manufacturing. By 1920, the GDP of the Japanese economy had grown almost three-fold, but the share supplied by agriculture was under 30%, while just over 50% of workers were employed there.1.


The adhesion characteristics of Pd/Ge Ohmic contact metallization on GaAs/AlGaAs multilayer structure are studied using scratch tests in a Nano‐indentor. The effect of annealing on the scratch resistance of the metallization was measured and correlated with contact resistance and surface roughness. The scratch depth and qualitative evaluation of adhesion show best adhesion/wear resistance for films annealed at 300 °C. It is found that the minimum contact resistance is also observed after annealing at this temperature. Profiles of scratch cross section at a constant force of 200 μUN indicate that, the scratches do not extend into the substrate for anneals at temperature <400 °C. The optimum contact resistance of Pd/Ge contact is ∼(0.75+0.10Ω‐mm) which is 15 times larger than those for optimized AuGe/Ni/Au contacts (0.05±0.01 Ω‐mm). The measured surface roughness is ∼2.0±0.5 nm, which is ∼10 times lower than that of AuGe/Ni/Au based contact that gave the lowest contact resistance.


The invention relates to an operation processing method and a terminal. The method comprises: detecting an operation acting on a touch control screen; when the duration of the operation exceeds a first pre-set duration, executing a response to the operation; when the duration of the operation exceeds a second pre-set duration, rolling back to a state in which the response to the operation has not been executed, wherein the second pre-set duration is greater than the first pre-set duration. By means of implementing the above-mentioned technical solution, an operation on a touch control screen can be effectively recognized, and the probability of the occurrence of misoperation is reduced.


An MT-oriented system using Conditional Random Fields (CRFs) is presented to identify English Prepositional Phrases (PPs) within business domain. For the purpose of English-Chinese Machine Translation (MT), we, under the guidance of the theory of Syntactic Functional Grammar (SFG), refine PP function chunks into four types instead of the binary attachment. In order to improve the identification of these chunk types, we revise the Penn Treebank tagset with four major changes being made. A small size of 998k English annotated corpus in business domain is semi-automatically built based on our new tagset employing the Maximum Entropy model. Experiments show that our system achieves an accuracy of 88.45%, higher than other reported approaches. The adjustments made in the PP chunk types and POS tagset give rise to 4.11%, 4.25% and 4.15% increase in the precision, recall and F-score respectively.