An exocortex is a wearable (or implanted) computer, used to augment a brain's biological high-level cognitive processes and inform a user's decisions and actions. In this paper, we focus on Brain-Computer Interfaces (BCIs), a special type of exocortex used to interact with the environment via neural signals. BCI use ranges from medical applications and rehabilitation to operation of assistive devices. They can also be used for marketing, gaming, and entertainment, where BCIs are used to provide users with a more personalized experience. BCI-enabled technology carries a great potential to improve and enhance the quality of human lives. This technology, however, is not without risk. In this paper, we address a specific class of privacy issues, brain spyware, shown to be feasible against currently available non-invasive BCIs. We show this attack can be mapped into a communication-theoretic setting. We then show that the problem of preventing it is similar to the problem of information hiding in communications. We address it in an information-theoretic framework. Finally, influenced by Professor Wiener's computer ethics work, we propose a set of principles regarding appropriate use of exocortex.


The preset count unweighted moving average (MA) algorithm for digital rate meters has been analyzed and compared to the preset count weighted MA algorithm. The correction factor applicable to the unweighted MA algorithm in order to obtain a final result identical to that of the weighted MA algorithm has been found. It is shown that the response time of the corrected unweighted MA algorithm to an increasing count rate is shorter than that of the weighted MA algorithm. This makes the corrected unweighted MA algorithm suitable for nuclear engineering applications where the slower response of this algorithm to a decreasing count rate need not be considered a shortcoming. The statistical fluctuations in a steady state of the unweighted MA algorithm are found to be somewhat higher than those of the weighted MA algorithm. However, this difference becomes negligibly small for a sufficiently high value of the preset count.


This paper aims to simulate and animate a shovel-truck system in an open pit mine using Arena® Software for teaching and learning purposes. The  shovel-truck system is the use of loading and dumping units in the transportation of materials. The shovel-truck system has wide application in open pit  mining. Animation of a shovel-truck system in Arena® is a reflection of the logic defined by the module's flowcharts. Arena® software is a widely used  simulation software based on Discrete Events. The data were analysed by an input analyser tool in Arena® software to get distributions and expressions  for the shovel-truck system. The shovel-truck system was then modelled in the software. The developed animated model depicts the exact activities in  open pit mines.


This paper introduces the using situation of EBj-120TP road-header in Duerping Coal Mine,and advances some suggestion on improving and maintaining EBj-120TP road-header.


In this paper, a compact healthcare system has been developed that measures the glucose, SpO2, and heartbeat of the patient in a non-invasive method, and the result is provided within a minute on a Liquid-crystal display (LCD). In this system, a fingertip is placed on a 940nm-wavelength Near-infrared (NIR) light-emitting diode (LED) and a Saturation of Peripheral Oxygen (SpO2) sensor to get glucose level, SpO2, and heartbeat measurements. Light of a specific wavelength interacts with the blood, and the optical sensor detects the signals that carry the information of glucose, SpO2, and heartbeat level. Upon receiving the signal, the optical sensor's output is filtered, amplified, and routed to the ESP32, which calculates and displays glucose, oxygen saturation (SpO2), and beats per minute (BPM) on a liquid-crystal display (LCD) screen.


Ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury is a considerable insult to skeletal muscle, often resulting in prolonged functional deficits. The purpose of the current study was to evaluate the controlled release of the pro‐regenerative growth factor, insulin‐like growth factor‐I (IGF‐I), from a biodegradable polyethylene glycol (PEG)ylated fibrin gel matrix and the subsequent recovery of skeletal muscle from I/R. To accomplish this, the hind limbs of male Sprague–Dawley rats were subjected to 2‐h tourniquet‐induced I/R then treated with saline, bolus IGF‐I (bIGF), PEGylated fibrin gel (PEG‐Fib), or IGF‐I conjugated PEGylated fibrin gel (PEG‐Fib‐IGF). Functional and histological evaluations were performed following 14 days of reperfusion, and muscles from 4‐day reperfusion animals were analyzed by Western blotting and histological assessments. There was no difference in functional recovery between saline, bIGF, or PEG‐Fib groups. However, PEG‐Fib‐IGF treatment resulted in significant improvement of muscle function and structure, as observed histologically. Activation of the PI3K/Akt pathway was significantly elevated in PEG‐Fib‐IGF muscles, compared to PEG‐Fib treatment, at 4 days of reperfusion, suggesting involvement of the pathway PI3K/Akt as a mediator of the improved function. Surprisingly, myoblast activity was not evident as a result of PEG‐Fib‐IGF treatment. Taken together, these data give evidence for a protective role for the delivered IGF. These results indicate that PEG‐Fib‐IGF is a viable therapeutic technique in the treatment of skeletal muscle I/R injury. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2012; 109:1051–1059. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.


ARTICLE INFORMATIONS Article History: Submitted: 8 January 2019 Revised version received: 22 February 2019 Accepted: 23 February 2019 Published online: 1 March 2019


The aim of the study was to examine the physical condition of houses built under the ``Breaking New Ground`` scheme and the environment that surround the residential areas. The Breaking New Ground housing plan seeks to provide housing to low-income groups in South Africa. The housing structures were examined in accordance with the ``Breaking New Ground`` housing policy, the Constitution of South Africa and the Freedom Charter. The study was qualitative in nature and an observational method was used to collect data. The study examined the physical condition of 45 housing units and their surroundings. The observational examination indicated that most of the residential units had structural defects and the environment was not conducive to the promotion of health and wellbeing among housing beneficiaries and their families. The design and aesthetic appeal of the houses was distorted by poor workmanship as they presented with inherent flaws. It was observed that the location of some of the housing clusters was isolated and far from places of work and the transport network was not efficient. Recommendations include improved quality control, aesthetic appeal and durability of housing units constructed under the Breaking New Ground housing scheme in South Africa.
Keywords: Low-cost housing; observation; breaking new ground; South Africa


Background —Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) remains a disease without any definitive treatment options. Research to date has concentrated on the pathophysiology of vasospasm. Recent evidence supports the concept of Early Brain Injury (EBI) a phenomena which may help to explain the complex pathophysiology seen in patients after a SAH. Summary —EBI aims to describe the pathophysiological events that occur in the brain within the fi rst seventy two hours after a SAH before the onset of vasospasm. A number of pathways have been identifi ed which may play a role in the etiology of EBI. This review provides a brief synopsis of EBI and its implications for the future. Conclusions —EBI may represent a key event in the development of both vasospasm and Delayed Ischemic Neurological Deficit (DIND) after subarachnoid hemorrhage. Additional studies are required to determine the pathophysiology of EBI and to examine its role as a possible precursor to both vasospasm and DIND. Hirosaki Med.J. 61 Supplement:S157―S163,2010


Objective. Obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) is a risk factor for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. The mechanism is unknown, but endothelial dysfunction might contribute. We tested the hypothesis that patients with OSA have abnormal nitric oxide (NO) synthesis, which results in an abnormal response in blood pressure, renal hemodynamics, renal tubular function and vasoactive hormones in response to inhibition of the NO synthesis with l‐NMMA. Material and methods. A randomized, placebo‐controlled, single‐blinded, crossover study was done in 13 OSA patients and 14 controls. We measured changes in systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP and DBP), pulse rate, glomerular filtration rate, renal plasma flow, fractional excretion of sodium and lithium and plasma concentrations of vasoactive hormones after injection of l‐NMMA and placebo. Results.l‐NMMA induced a significant increase in SBP and DBP in both groups. The placebo‐corrected increase in DBP was more pronounced in patients with OSA than in controls (9 (5–11) versus 3 (1–6) mmHg; p = 0.01). Endothelin‐1 (ET‐1) was significantly higher in patients compared with controls (1.1 (1.0–1.3) versus 0.8 (0.7–0.9) pg/mL; p<0.01). In controls, l‐NMMA induced a small increase in ET‐1, while no changes were seen in patients. The placebo‐corrected change in ET‐1 was lower in patients compared to controls (−01 (−0.3–0.0) versus 0.1 (0.0–0.1) pg/mL; p = 0.04). Conclusions. Patients with OSA have abnormally increased NO synthesis and an increased unresponsive level of ET‐1 in plasma. This might be due to an imbalance between NO synthesis and ET‐1 production.


Was investigated the relation of interspecific and intraspecific aggressive contacts of  Collared Flycatcher (Ficedula albicollis) and Spotted Flycatchers (Muscicapa striata) in natural and anthropogenically transformed areas of forest-steppe zone of Ukraine. Interspecific aggressive interactions dominate in percentage but the frequency of intraspecific aggression is greater than of interspecific one. The frequency of interspecific aggression of Collared Flycatcher in artificial planted forests is higher than in nature. Percentage and frequency of aggressive interactions for Spotted flycatcher on the studied area were not significantly different. We carded out the success rate of aggressive reaction in defense and attack. The success of all aggressive interactions of Collared Flycatcher increases from natural to anthropogenically transformed territory. Increase in successful defense is marked for Spotted flycatcher. We made a list of species at which flycatchers react aggressively.  The obtained results can be used as possible options for how flycatcher will demonstrate aggression in one or another type of the environment.


Moored floating platforms have great potential in ocean engineering applications because a mooring system is necessary to keep the platform in station, which is directly related to the operational efficiency and safety of the platform. This paper briefly introduces the technical and operational details of an optical sensor for measuring the tension of mooring lines of a moored platform in waves. In order to check the performance of optical sensors, an experiment with a moored floating platform in waves is carried out in the wave tank at Changwon National University. The experiment is performed in regular waves and irregular waves with a semi-submersible and triangle platform. The performance of the optical sensor is confirmed by comparing the results of the tension of the mooring lines by the optical sensor and tension gauges. The maximum tension of the mooring lines is estimated to investigate the mooring dynamics due to the effect of the wave direction and wavelength in the regular waves. The significant value of the tension of mooring lines in various wave directions is estimated in the case of irregular waves. The results show that the optical sensor is effective in measuring the tension of the mooring lines. Received 11 February 2022, revised 16 April 2022, accepted 22 May 2022 Corresponding author Hyeon Kyu Yoon: +82-55-213-3683, email@example.com This paper was presented on the subject of "Experimental Study on Application of Optical Sensor in Mooring Line of Moored Floating Platform in Waves" in the Proceedings of the 2021 KAOSTS Joint Conference. c 2022, The Korean Society of Ocean Engineers This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the creative commons attribution non-commercial license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.


Locating the source of water pollution is of great significance to water environment protection. According to the concentration model, the localization problem only related to source location in wireless sensor networks is proposed. The Unscented Kalman Filter (UKF) method is used to solve the problem. In the simulation part, based on the simulation data the localization algorithm is tested. The results show that the estimates of the source location vary with the initial values in numerical calculation, and compared with the UKF and least square localization methods which estimate the parameters including pollution source location, initial diffusion time and mass flow rate, the localization method in this paper has higher accuracy and stability.


Today, advances in artificial intelligence (AI) are suggesting the possibility of new paradigms in health care and are particularly well-suited to be used by radiologists. There has been significant effort in developing the next-generation AI technology, coined deep learning, to learn from labeled magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data, exhibiting comprehensive voxel-wise information regarding structural and physiological features. One of the key advantages of AI-based radiology is the automatization and standardization of repetitive diagnostic decision-support tasks. In a paper recently published in the Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Eskreis-Winkler et al reported on a deep learning model for automatic assignment of background parenchymal enhancement (BPE) labels to breast MRI exams. The BPE label categorizes the degree of normal fibroglandular tissue that enhances on breast MRI, and several studies on high-risk populations have shown that BPE is an independent marker of breast cancer risk. Evidence also suggests that BPE may act as a predictor of neoadjuvant breast cancer treatment and overall treatment outcomes. Today, BPE is typically assessed subjectively and qualitatively by the interpreting radiologist on the early phase postcontrast MR images and can be categorized according to the Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System as minimal, mild, moderate, or marked. However, because assessment of BPE is subjective, these assessments can be prone to intrareader and interreader variability. To this end, accurate and robust pipelines such as machine learning models have the potential to automate and standardize the BPE interpretation and categorization process. In their work, Eskreis-Winkler et al claim that a fully automatic convolutional neural network (CNN) for BPE categorization improved the accuracy compared to standard radiology BPE report and hence outperformed the interpreting radiologists involved in the study. This result is in accordance with several recent works reporting on the use of neural networks for automatic BPE categorization. Ha et al used a fully automatic CNN for BPE quantification and reported high accuracy. More recently, Borkowski et al trained a CNN for automatic classification of BPE categories using a transfer learning approach. Similar to Eskreis-Winkler et al, the authors reported accuracies outperforming an experienced radiologist. Moreover, Nam et al developed a machine learning algorithm that was able to provide reliable classification results of BPE. In a study by Saha et al, the authors developed a machine learning model utilizing an automatic pipeline for BPE classification and demonstrated its potential usage for predicting future breast cancer on high-risk patients undergoing screening MRI. The possible role of BPE as a breast cancer imaging biomarker, and its current clinical applications, is detailed in a recent state-of-the-art review by Bauer et al. Even though there is increasing evidence that BPE might serve as an independent marker of breast cancer risk and response to breast cancer treatment, the existing knowledge is mostly based on small retrospective studies with variations in patient populations, MRI protocols, methods for assessing BPE, and with no adjustment for individual factors that can influence the level of BPE. Before BPE can become a valuable biomarker for clinical use, we thus need to validate and further investigate the promising results in further studies, including prospective studies with adjustment for confounding variables. To facilitate such studies, improvements and standardization of analysis methods must be addressed. Hence, the development of robust and automatic pipelines for BPE categorization, as reported by EskreisWinkler et al and others, may be the selling point that propels this biomarkers' further usage in clinical practice.


This chapter reviews, among the three states, how Korea is accepting the challenges emanating from the changed legal framework for fisheries. Two most important measures taken by the Korean government are the reduction in number of fishing vessels and the introduction of the Total Allowable Catch (TAC) system. The continuously changing fisheries environment and necessity of international regulations reduction compelled the general reduction plan to be revised three times. In addition to the general reduction, in 1999, the Korean government prepared another track for the reduction in number of fishing vessels to accommodate its fishing capacity with respect to the narrowing of fishing grounds that was, and would be, brought into force by the multilateral fisheries agreements with Japan and China. On the basis of the Fishery Development Law, the Korean government was to buy fishing vessels and fishing gear from the fishermen who decided to quit fisheries. Keywords: fisheries; fishing vessels; International legal framework; Northeast Asian seas; total allowable catch (TAC) system


ABSTRACT As much as 94% of all sales effort results in outcomes that can be perceived as denoting failure. This article presents findings from a systematic review of literature which identifies that, to date, no single review article appears to exist that simultaneously and explicitly considers the antecedents and detrimental effects of such sales failure. A total of 36 topics of interest were identified, with recommendations for future research presented for each. A framework for the measurement of overall sales failure is presented that proposes a synergistic relationship between the selling strategy of the firm, management capability to enact strategy through their teams as well as the skills, aptitude, professionalism and psychological factors associated with salespeople, without which the full sales potential of an organisation cannot be met. A discussion and suggestions for future research is then presented.


An improved algorithm for searching points' k nearest neighbor is presented,which is a key step of the surface reconstruction of reverse engineering.The min-max box of the point cloud is first divided into a set of uniform grids by traditional algorithm,and the average distance between points is estimated base on the first division result,then the cloud space is divided again using the average distance.The division result makes the range to be searched much smaller and the searching speed much faster.


There is an error in the PDF version of the published article. In the Material and Methods, under the subsection Experimental design and statistical analysis, the text should indicate the following: F1 ¼ Model = Total error F1 F d num en The Publisher apologizes for the error. open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.


The present scientific article explored the students' perceptions of an English for Specific Purposes (ESP) English course in the Medicine career at Escuela Superior Politecnica de Chimborazo. Besides, this research had as its main objective to perform a Needs Analysis for students of the Medicine career in order to identify their needs, wants and lacks in concordance with their English learning for their future professional lives. To this end, questionnaires were administered to seventy six students of the Medicine career in order to obtain relevant information about the student´s perceptions about ESP to identify and propose a solution for the needs, wants (performance) and lacks (causes) of their English course. Thus, the Needs Analysis was conducted with the perceptions obtained from the participants which responses were related to the implementation of the ESP approach in their course. The main findings of this research are related to the basic principles of ESP, which are the future needs of the English language, ESP content, ESP language skills and the use of ESP for student's future professional lives. The analysis of student perceptions through the Needs Analysis application is the main reference point for the implementation of an ESP course for future syllabus implementation and innovations of the career curriculum.


SYNOPSIS During recent years several expeditions have searched for the "lost city" which was mentioned by G. A. Farini. The author is of the opinion that there is only one type of ruin in the Southern Bechuanaland Protectorate, the Western Transvaal and in the Northern Cape Province of the Union, namely certain stone' kraal villages on the hill tops and near present and former watercourses. He has located about 110 sites of such villages. Several ancient travellers of the last 'century suspected that the builders of these stone structures belonged to some higher developed race, while more recent ideas tend to attribute the origin of the ruins to South African Bantu tribes. In this article the relation between the sites of ruins and Bantu historical places and migrations is discussed. The comparison of the history, ancient places of residence, estimated numbers of ancient populations, the use of neolithic stone implements, etc., proves that these stone structures are older than the earliest Bantu immigrati...


This study was aimed to detect one of virulence factor, flagellin A (flaA) of C. jejuni on chicken meat sold in traditional market by using Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) method. Twelve chicken legs obtained from traditional markets were collected, diluted in Broth Pepton Water, enrichment in Preston broth, and it was then cultured on the modified charcoal cefoperazone deoxycholate agar (mCCDA). Colonies on this medium were harvested and DNA was extracted. Supernatant from DNA extraction was separated from pellet and used as DNA template. PCR amplification was run in DNA thermal cycler on a total volume of 20 µl with annealing temperature at 58oC for 1 min. PCR products were analyzed using electrophoresis method. The results showed two samples had a band of the 650 bp of 23S rRNA gene, which means that chicken meat samples contain thermotolerant Campylobacter sp. One sample had a band of the 1558 bp of flaA gene, meaning one of C. jejuni that contaminated chicken meat samples contain virulence factors.


The article deals with the application of morphological analysis of text processing to solve the problems of individualization of card services for bank customers. The level of interest in this linguistic tool in Ukraine and the world was determined using the Google Trends service. Based on a customer survey, a morphological analysis was conducted regarding personalizing the bank's card services. The results empirically determined the priority of forming loyalty programs, for example, a combination of criteria for choosing non-financial card product services and options for client settings. It is proposed to deepen the application of methods of using linguistic systems in the banking sphere through the introduction of the morphological analysis algorithm and automated decision-making products. A possible option for implementing a decision on the selection of card services through the Decision-Making Helper program is presented, making it possible to speed up the data processing process and consider the client's individual needs more effectively.


Based on the 0.18 μm CMOS process, proposed a new power-rail electrostatic discharge clamp circuit. The proposed circuit can adjust the voltage biased to the big clamp NMOS (Mbig) gate by adjusting the width of one MOS transistor, and the feedback path is designed to prolong the response time of Mbig. The simulation results demonstrated that the voltage biased to the Mbig of the proposed circuit has a relatively steady state and the Mbig has a longer response time, which can effectively reduce the damage to the gate oxide layer of the Mbig with large voltage overshoot. The transmission line pulse test results show that compared to the Mbig of the conventional circuit, the Mbig of the proposed circuit has higher trigger voltage, lower on-resistance, and better robustness.


A 38-year-old man was admitted to our hospital with complaints of palpitation and shortness of breath. On auscultation, presence of severe aortic regurgitation was found. Seven years prior to admission, he had undergone rectal polypectomy complicated by postoperative serious hemorrhage which had led to the diagnosis of von Willebrand's disease. Aortic valve replacement with a Björk-Shiley prosthesis was performed under routine cardio-pulmonary bypass. He received Confact-F as a replacement therapy of factor VIII throughout the perioperative period. His operative and postoperative courses were uneventful without difficulties in hemostasis. The patient was placed on a regimen of anticoagulation (Warfarin sodium) without increase in the bleeding tendency. He is asymptomatic and doing well six months after the operation.


Learning as an educational process require tactic, approach, method, and various techniques so students can master the material well and deep in the process of teaching and learning, the assessment of the process of teaching and learning outcomes is often ignored, less of attention compared with assessment of learning outcomes. Whereas to find out the learning process was successful or not. Active students or not must be assessed at the time learning is on. Problem in this research is whether the relationship of performance appraisal to learning outcomes and how much the relationship of performance appraisal to learning biology the material circulation system in humans at XI MA Negeri Wara Ambon. This research uses type correlational aim to measure how far the relationship of performance appraisal to learning biology the material circulation system in humans. Result of research show that the relationship of performance appraisal to learning biology the material circulation. The result interpretation value r = 0,67 consist of medium category or enough. Based on the coefficient if determination, so amount of contribution students learning habit is 70.73 %. Therefore, another factor as concept ability, ability of understanding material and question ability determine learning success around 29,27 %.

Key Words: Biology, Performance Assessment, Circulation


The article is devoted to the analysis of the relationship between basic life values and values of students' economic culture. The results of the representative study of the 749 four-year students of Yekaterinburg are presented in the paper in question. Based on the survey data the value of labour and consumption are described in a single system with basic life values, the hypothesis concerning the projection of students' life values into socio-economic relations is confirmed. A comparative analysis of the four typological groups of the respondents with different value preferences is made. The findings are based on the factor and cluster analysis. It should be noted that success enters one factor with the values of wealth and power, on the one hand, — with the value of labour, on the other hand: i.e. responsibility, independence and work creativity. It was found out that the greatest focus on the importance of success in life was shown by the students from the two clusters, in total, comprising about two thirds of the respondents. However, the means of achieving success in these groups are fundamentally different. In the value preferences of one cluster, the importance of success combines with enrichment of the value of labour and consumption based on high values of creativity and self-realization in work, there is a strong focus on such moral values as benevolence and respect for people. The students of the other cluster are distinguished by the most developed focus on wealth and power but by a weakly manifested focus on honest work. The most undeveloped orientation is the orientation on such moral values as respect for people in the sphere of economics. The article reveals the contradictions representing the sources of risk in the students' lives with different value complexes. The author comes to the conclusion that the main contradiction in the values of economic culture of students after graduating will be the contradiction between the moral and individualistic values.


Special Collection 2: Determinants of Diverging Trends in Mortality is a set of papers stemming from the first seminar of the Committee on Emerging Health Threats (CEHT) of the International Union for the Scientific Study of Population (IUSSP), "Determinants of Diverging Trends of Mortality". The seminar was held in Rostock (Germany) from 19-21 June 2002. The seminar encouraged studies on adverse mortality trends and widening mortality differentials between and within countries. Thirteen contributions were submitted to the journal Demographic Research and went through peer review. They were published, along with an introduction, on 16 April 2004 as the journal's second "special collection" of material on a common topic. This short summary of the collection has been added to Volume 10 in order to include full details of the collection in the current running volume as well. The following pages list the contributions and give direct links where readers may download the material from the Demographic Research website. A full list of all papers is also available at: http://www.demographic-research.org/special/2/.


Traditional finance theory holds it originates from the compensation of risk,but lacks empirical evidence.Behavioral finance theory holds that the momentum effect results from the behavior of investor related to the factors of investors' psychology.From the point of view of the behavioral finance,this paper analyzes the general features of Chinese stock market and the structure of participants and their respective features of psychology and behaviors,so as to probe into the causes of formation of short-term momentum effect existing in Chinese stock market.


The heats of dilution of atactic polystyrene-anisole, -dibenzyl ether, and -acetophenone systems were measured in the concentration range of 0,168 to 0,02 in volume fraction of the polymer, by adding successively 1 ml of the solvent to the solution of a known concentration by using an isothermal calorimeter at 303K. The heats of dilution of all systems obtained proved to be exothermic.

The interaction heat parameter depends considerably on the concentration of the polymer and also on the molecular weight of the polymer. In polystyrene-anisole and -dibenzyl ether systems an interesting fact was found: the χ1-parameter is negative and its absolute value increases at first, reaches a maximum and then decreases as the molecular weight of the polymer increases.


Let H and S be the mean curvature and the squared length of the second fundamental form of submanifold M respectively. We prove that if M is an n(≥ 3)-dimensional complete submanifold with parallel mean curvature in Hn+p(−1), and if M (S−nH2)n/2dM < C(n,H), where H > 1 and C(n,H) is an explicit positive constant depending on n and H, then S ≡ nH2, i.e., M is the totally umbilical sphere Sn(1/ √ H2 − 1). Consequently, we show that if M is an n(≥ 3)-dimensional complete submanifold with parallel mean curvature in Sn+p, and if ∫ M (S−nH2)n/2dM < C ′(n), where C ′(n) is an explicit positive constant depending only on n, then M is the totally umbilical sphere Sn(1/ √ 1 + H2).


The trumpets were left at home and the parades were canceled. The press releases and campaign signs were quietly forgotten. The news was big, but it did not contain what some had hoped for. On April 14, 2003, the International Human Genome Consortium announced the successful completion of the Human Genome Project—two years ahead of schedule. The press report read: "The human genome is complete and the Human Genome Project is over" (see "Human Genome Report...," 2003, emp. added). Most of the major science journals reported on the progress in the field of genetics, but also speculated on how the information would now be used. The one piece of information that never materialized from the Human Genome Project was the identificationof the so-called "gay gene." Homosexuality has been practiced for thousandsof years. Simplyput,homosexuality isdefinedassexualrelationsbetween likegenders (i.e., twomalesor twofemales). It was Sigmund Freud who first postulated thatparental relationshipswith a childultimately determine the youngster's sexual orientation. But this "nurturing" aspect has effectively given way to the "nature" sideof the equation.Can somebehaviors (e.g., alcoholism, homosexuality, schizophrenia) be explained by genetics? Are these and other behaviors influenced by nature or by nurture? Are they inborn or learned? Some individuals believed that the answer would be found hiding amidst the chromosomes analyzed in the Human GenomeProject. ThehumanXandYchromosomes (the two "sex" chromosomes) have been completely sequenced.Thanks toworkcarried out by labs all across the globe, we know that theXchromosomecontains 153million base pairs, and harbors a total of 1168 genes (seeNCBI,2004).TheNationalCenter forBiotechnologyInformationreports that the Y chromosome—which is much smaller—contains "only" 50 million base pairs, and is estimated to contain a mere 251 genes. Educational institutions such as Baylor University, the Max Planck Institute, the Sanger Institute, Washington University in St. Louis, and others have spent countless hours and millions of research dollars analyzing these unique chromosomes. As the data began to pour in, they allowed scientists to construct gene maps—usingactual sequences fromtheHumanGenomeProject.Andyet,neither the map for the X nor the Y chromosome containsany"gaygene." What is the truth regarding homosexuality? Too often, speculation, emotions, and politics play a major role in its assessment. The following is a scientific investigationofhumanhomosexuality.


AR/VR applications and robots need to know when the scene has changed. An example is when objects are moved, added, or removed from the scene. We propose a 3D object discovery method that is based only on scene changes. Our method does not need to encode any assumptions about what is an object, but rather discovers objects by exploiting their coherent move. Changes are initially detected as differences in the depth maps and segmented as objects if they undergo rigid motions. A graph cut optimization propagates the changing labels to geometrically consistent regions. Experiments show that our method achieves state-of-the-art performance on the 3RScan dataset against competitive baselines. The source code of our method can be found at https://github.com/katadam/ObjectsCanMove.


Purpose: To compare the short and long-term efficacy and complications of releasable suture vs conventional interrupted suture for scleral flap in trabeculectomy. Methods: In a prospective randomized clinical trial, 42 eyes of 42 consecutive patients requiring trabeculectomy for uncontrolled primary glaucoma underwent conventional trabeculectomy (group A) and trabeculectomy with releasable sutures (group B); 21 eyes of 21 patients for each group. Short-term hypotony related complications and long-term intraocular pressure were measured and compared. Results: The mean follow up was 11.7 ± 6.5 months in group A and 9.4 ± 6.4 months in group B. The mean ± SD final intraocular pressure at the end of follow up period was 13.95 ± 4 mmHg in group A and 14.57 ± 3 mmHg in group B (P= 0.58). Mean reduction in intraocular pressure at the end of follow up was 54.5% in group A and 56% in group B. Final intraocular pressure was controlled (IOP ≤ 20mmHg) without medications in 15 patients in group A giving a success rate of 71.4% and in 14 patients in group B giving a success rate of 66.7%. Flat anterior chamber (grade III) was observed in 2 eyes in group A but in no eyes with releasable suture. At the end of follow up, the two groups were similar regarding intraocular pressure and need for ocular hypotensive medication. Conclusion: Releasable scleral flap sutures reduce the incidence of hypotony and related complication without any effects on long-term control of intraocular pressure and is an effective way with no extra cost or instrument.


Caption: femtolitre droplets composed of fluorescein (pH4) and a basic buffer are produced by step-emulsification. The increase in fluorescence results from fluorescein deprotonation when mixing with a basic buffer. The resulting mixing time is 45 μs. Slowed down 1200x. S2: Mixing inside picolitre droplets produced by step-emulsification Caption: picolitre droplets (fluorescein pH4 + basic buffer) are produced by step-emulsification. Picolitre droplets can be tracked individually and we record their increase in fluorescence. The resulting mixing time is 330 μs. Slowed down 600x. S3: Dielectrophoretic sorting of femtolitre droplets Caption: without electric field, droplets are driven towards the wide channel. In presence of a 700V voltage, DEP forces attract droplets towards the narrow, hydrodynamically unfavorable, channel. Slowed down 5x. Remark: when laterally confined (0V and 700V), optical effects make droplets look doubled because of the use of high magnification objectives; part of the droplets is out of focus, resulting in different contrasts. S4: Electrocoalescence of femtolitre droplets Caption: subjected to an electric field, 25 fL droplet pairs reorient along the field direction and coalesce. Two cases are presented: coalescence before the restriction (Position B), predominant at high fields, and coalescence at the restriction (Position A), predominant at low fields. Voltage is here 600V. Slowed down 30x. S5: Splitting of femtolitre droplets Caption: femtolitre droplets are sent against a T junction. In the case of small droplets, they direct towards one arm of the junction, without splitting. Above a threshold ratio l/w = 3, droplets split into two daughter droplets. Slowed down 600x. Electronic Supplementary Material (ESI) for Lab on a Chip.


The study of four-dimensional automata as the computational model of four-dimensional pattern processing has been meaningful. However, it is conjectured that the three-dimensional pattern processing has its our difficulties not arising in two- or three-dimensional case. One of these difficulties occurs in recognizing topological properties of four-dimensional patterns because the four-dimensional neighborhood is more complicated than two- or three-dimensional case. Generally speaking, a property or relationship is topological only if it is preserved when an arbitrary ' rubber-sheet ' distortion is applied to the pictures . For example, adjacency and connectedness are topological ; area, elongatedness, convexity, straightness, etc. are not. In recent years, there have been many interesting papers on digital topological properties. For example, an interlocking component was defined as a new topological property in multi-dimensional digital pictures, and it was proved that no one marker automaton can recognize interlocking components in a three-dimensional digital picture. In this paper, we deal with recognizability of topological components by four-dimensional Turing machines, and investigate some properties.


In this paper, a new approach based on human body communication (HBC) was presented for biometric verification. Specifically, the transmission gain S21 of human forearm is regarded as the biometric trait. For this purpose, three different forearm models were established and proposed to validate the aforementioned approach. Furthermore, the transmission gain S21 of 21 volunteers was obtained by the use of vector network analyzer (VNA) in the frequency range 0.3 MHz to 1500 MHz in the experiment. In addition, the convolutional neural network (CNN) which includes 3 convolution layers, 3 max pooling layers and 2 fully-connected layers was adopted in this paper. The influences of different optimizers and loss functions on CNN were investigated. The results showed that the recognition accuracy of CNN was 99.86% when the optimizer was set as Adadelta and the loss function was set as categorical crossentropy. We therefore suggest that the CNN has potentials to improve the recognition accuracy of biometric verification based on HBC.


Spatially resolved studies of star-forming regions show that the assumption of spherical geometry is not realistic in most cases, with a major complication posed by the gas being ionized by multiple non-centrally located stars or star clusters. Geometrical effects including the spatial configuration of ionizing sources affect the temperature and ionization structure of these regions. We try to isolate the effects of multiple non-centrally located stars via the construction of 3D photoionization models using the 3D Monte Carlo photoionization code mocassin with very simple gas density distributions, but various spatial configurations for the ionization sources. Our first aim is to study the resulting temperature structure of the gas and investigate the behaviour of temperature fluctuations within the ionized region. We show that geometry affects the temperature structures in our models differently according to metallicity. For the geometries and stellar populations considered in our study, at intermediate and high metallicities, models with ionizing sources distributed in the full volume, whose Stromgren spheres rarely overlap, show smaller temperature fluctuation than their central ionization counterparts, with fully overlapping concentric Stromgren spheres. The reverse is true at low metallicities. Finally, the true temperature fluctuations due to the stellar distribution (as opposed to the large-scale temperature gradients due to other gas properties) are small in all cases and not a significant cause of error in metallicity studies.

Emission-line spectra from H ii regions are often used to study the metallicity of star-forming regions, as well as providing a constraint for temperatures and luminosities of the ionizing sources. Empirical metallicity diagnostics must often be calibrated with the aid of photoionization models. However, most studies so far have been carried out by assuming spherical or plane-parallel geometries, with major limitations on allowed gas and dust density distributions and with the spatial distribution of multiple, non-centrally located ionizing sources not being accounted for. We compare integrated emission-line spectra from our models and quantify any systematic errors caused by the simplifying assumption of a single, central location for all ionizing sources. We find that the dependence of the metallicity indicators on the ionization parameter causes a clear bias due to the fact that models with a fully distributed configuration of stars always display lower ionization parameters than their fully concentrated counterparts. The errors found imply that the geometrical distribution of ionization sources may partly account for the large scatter in metallicities derived using model-calibrated empirical methods.


The heterogeneous catalytic system Pt/SiO2 is widely used in "three-way" catalysts, because of its highly selective catalytic reduction of NO by hydrocarbons at low operating temperatures. Although used effectively for more than a decade, in recent years it has become clear that the core phenomena of heterogeneous catalysis can occur at interfaces. in the work presented here, we seek to better understand the role of the atomic and electronic structure of interfaces in making particular reactions facile and moderating the stability and selectivity of a catalytic system. We investigate model supported platinum catalysts by atomic resolution Z-contrast imaging and EELS using a 200 kV STEM/TEM JEOL2010F with a post column GIF. The combination of these techniques allows us to obtain direct images of the metal particle and its interface with the supporting SiO2, and to correlate that with the modulation of the Si L-edge fine structure.


The Northern Ireland Roads Service has been reviewing developments in intelligent transport system (ITS)-based incident management techniques under the aegis of the EU-supported STREETWISE (Seamless Travel Environment for Efficient Transport in the Western Isles of Europe) project. Four examples of relevant technology improvements were identified. These include two hazard warning methods (COMPANION and intelligent road studs) and two developed for accident investigation (laser scanning and photogrammetry). The COMPANION hazard alert system uses electronic roadside beacons to warn drivers to slow down in advance of dangerous conditions ahead. Pilot sites at Munich, Germany, Verona, Italy and Edinburgh, UK characterised by a high proportion of heavy goods vehicles, congestion and a high risk of accidents are described. Trials of intelligent road studs from Astucia on a 3km test site on the approach to Junction 6 on the M8 in Scotland are described. Research by TRL on the potential of laser scanning in accident investigation is discussed. Photogrammetry, e.g. PMS's ELCOVISION system, enables the calculation of the real dimensions of an object appearing in a photographic image.


We were interested to read the Neuro Image by Woodall et al.1 In addition to ectatic internal cerebral artery abutting the optic nerve, we also noted the tortuous course of intraorbital optic nerves with dilated perineural subarachnoid space, features consistent with idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH). IIH also results in vision diminution and even though the cause-and-effect relationship of vascular loop compression is unclear, it is important to rule out other causes and provide conservative management before resorting to surgery.

Compression over …


OBJECTIVES
Sleep interruption is often reported by women with hot flashes and night sweats (or vasomotor symptoms, VMS). Although women report that VMS awaken them, polysomnography (PSG) studies have not consistently supported this contention.

DESIGN
We mimicked menopause using a gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist (GnRHa) to investigate whether VMS increase awakenings and wake after sleep onset (WASO). VMS, serum estradiol, and at-home PSGs (two pretreatment, two posttreatment) were measured before and after 4 weeks on GnRHa. Regression models were used to determine the effect of increasing VMS frequency on awakenings and WASO, as measured objectively and subjectively.

PARTICIPANTS
Twenty-nine healthy women (mean 27.3 y).

SETTING
Academic medical center.

INTERVENTIONS
Depot GnRHa (leuprolide 3.75-mg).

RESULTS
Serum estradiol was rapidly and uniformly suppressed on GnRHa. Persistent VMS were reported by 69% of women. The number of nighttime VMS correlated directly with the degree of sleep disturbance. Each additional reported nighttime VMS was associated with a 62% increase from baseline in PSG-measured WASO (P = 0.007), a 3% increase in awakenings (P = 0.05), and 6% increase in %N1 sleep (P = 0.02). Nighttime VMS were also associated with increased perceived WASO (312%; P = 0.02), awakenings (16%; P = 0.007), Insomnia Severity Index (P = 0.03), and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (P = 0.03) scores, and decreased perceived sleep efficiency (P = 0.01). Objectively recorded nighttime VMS correlated with PSG-measured WASO (rs = 0.45, P = 0.02).

CONCLUSIONS
This menopause model demonstrates that nighttime vasomotor symptoms correlate with increased sleep fragmentation. These findings are consistent with a specific contribution of vasomotor symptoms to polysomnography-measured sleep interruption suggesting that nighttime vasomotor symptoms interrupt sleep in the setting of menopause.


Functionalization of aromatic compounds by acylation has considerable significance in synthetic organic chemistry. As an alternative to chemical Friedel‐Crafts acylation, the C‐acyltransferase from Pseudomonas protegens has been found to catalyze C−C bond formation with non‐natural resorcinol substrates. Extending the scope of acyl donors, it is now shown that the enzyme is also able to catalyze C−S bond cleavage prior to C−C bond formation, thus aliphatic and aromatic thioesters can be used as acyl donors. It is worth to mention that this reaction can be performed in aqueous buffer. Identifying ethyl thioacetate as the most suitable acetyl donor, the products were obtained with up to >99 % conversion and up to 88 % isolated yield without using additional base additives; this represents a significant advancement to prior protocols.


Although it is limited to electron-rich aromatic compounds, the combination of a hydrosilane, an ester, and the ruthenium cluster provides a good method to introduce a primary alkyl group to the aromatic compound.


This paper is inspired by the practice of helping the people of Gorontalo called it "Huyula". The huyula are aimed to enhence solidarity among fellow community to mutually share the burden when facing problems, including economic issues. The author focuses on the incorporation of the huyulapractice to theBaitul Maal wa Tamwil (BMT) system. This article aims to provide motivation for practitioners of financial institutions particularly the islamic financial institutions, in this case the Baitul Maal wa Tamwil (BMT) in order to increase productivity and cost savings. Because the practice of Baitul Maal wa Tamwil (BMT) with Huyula cultural practices have a common goal which is helping.The focus of this paper is to provide an overview of Gorontalonese symboliccultural indigenous locus:"Culture is basedshariah and the shariah is based on the Qur'an". This study finds out that practice of thehuyulaamong the Gorontalonese is genuinely compatible with the implementation of Baitul Maal wa Tamwil (BMT).


The HybridICE technology operates on the principle that growing ice crystals reject impurities during freezing and is a "zero liquid discharge" process, whereby the water is completely isolated from the dissolved waste species. The technology recovers water from waste waters for re uses for all purposes. The process allows the utilisation of both surplus process heat and cooling energy. The waste heat from the refrigeration cycle is, moreover, utilised for vacuum evaporation to recover a fraction of the water as condensate. The predominant water fraction is recovered by isolating the ice from a concentrated process brine stream. The process takes place in a static concentrator, known as the HybridICE Filter module (HIF) that separates the suspended ice crystals from the concentrated brine slurry to recover ice crystals as pure water. The recovered ice from the freeze crystallisation does not require rinsing with fresh water. Basic factors influence the quality and yield of recovered water. These include but are not limited to: TDS of the waste water stream; first ice point; ice content of the process waste water; mass-flow. The slurry ice feed stream was generated using the HybridICE freeze crystallisation plant. The objective was to establish the comparative behaviour of a low and high sodium chloride feed using 2% and 8% (m/m) NaCl feed brine streams.


A redetermination at 150 K of the structure of violuric acid monohydrate, C4H3N3O4·H2O, confirms that the space group is non-centrosymmetric Cmc21, despite indications from the intensity statistics and possible molecular symmetry that it could be centrosymmetric Cmcm. Issues raised in the original reports [Craven & Mascarenhas (1964). Acta Cryst. 17, 407–414; Craven & Takei (1964). Acta Cryst. 17, 415–420] suggested either a disordered model or an ordered one with high thermal motion. The redetermination shows that an ordered model is correct, and the low-temperature data collection leads to normal displacement parameters. The precision of the structure is significantly improved in this new study. The violuric acid molecule is entirely planar, and every atom in the structure lies on a crystallographic mirror plane. Violuric acid and water molecules form hydrogen-bonded sheets.


Contents: Introduction Necessity and contingency in scientific theology Necessity and contingency in theological ethics The act of love and eternal life Divine election and merit The goodness of God's will vindicated An infinite act of love Epilogue Bibliography Index.


Previous studies have identified an association between the gene glyoxalase 1 (Glo1) and anxiety‐like behavior in mice and have shown that the substrate of GLO1, methylglyoxal, is a competitive partial agonist at GABAA receptors. Given the well‐established role of GABAA receptors in the behavioral effects of ethanol (EtOH), we investigated the role of Glo1 in voluntary EtOH consumption in mice using the drinking in the dark (DID) paradigm. Transgenic mice overexpressing Glo1 on both FVB/NJ (FVB) or C57BL/6J (B6) backgrounds showed increased voluntary EtOH consumption compared to their wild‐type littermates in DID. Furthermore, transgenic Glo1 knockdown mice on a B6 background showed decreased voluntary EtOH consumption in DID. These genetic manipulations of Glo1 had no effect on sucrose, saccharin or water consumption. Finally, we found that a small molecule GLO1 inhibitor (S‐bromobenzylglutathione cyclopentyl diester (pBBG; 6.25, 12.5 mg/kg)) reduced EtOH consumption compared to vehicle treated B6 mice without altering saccharin or water consumption. Sucrose consumption was only reduced by the higher (12.5 mg/kg) dose of pBBG. We did not observe differences in the loss of righting reflex (LORR) or EtOH‐induced foot slips on the balance beam in response to acute EtOH administration (LORR: 4 g/kg, Balance Beam: 1.25 g/kg) in B6 or FVB mice overexpressing Glo1, nor in B6 mice treated with pBBG. These data are the first to implicate Glo1 in EtOH‐related behaviors and suggest that GLO1 inhibitors may have therapeutic potential for the treatment of alcohol use disorders.


Starting at the school level, language education develops comprehension and expression skills. It is important to develop literacy skills as it is the basic way of acquiring information. Native language textbooks created with a text-based approach are an integral part of this process. Accurate, qualified, and purposefully selected texts help achieve the objectives of language education, especially comprehension. In Turkey, the Turkish language courses offered in secondary schools to develop comprehension and expression skills aim to develop both the students' native language competencies and their higher-level cognitive skills such as critical thinking, analysis, synthesis, and evaluation along with their language skills. Since its inception in 2019, the Turkish Curriculum limits the selection of texts for textbooks to a framework that represents informative, narrative, and poetic structures. Due to the scarcity of studies on poetry and its teaching process, this study aims to determine the general view of the teaching process of poems in secondary school Turkish textbooks. Additionally, the study examines all the textbooks to be used in secondary schools in Turkey in the 2022–2023 academic year. The research model is a basic qualitative research design, and data were collected through document analysis. The analysis concluded that course books attempted to make students understand the poems in middle school Turkish textbooks, especially with open-ended questions in the process of comprehension education, and were limited to investigating the meanings of unknown words, explaining the content, determining the subject and main emotion, and trying to recognize some figures of speech.


This paper describes "Computational Thinking for the Sciences", a 3-day summer workshop for high school science and mathematics teachers. Our workshop emphasizes the deep connections between the natural sciences, mathematics and computer science through activities and simulation development appropriate for scientific explorations. Teachers were exposed to simulation development in VPython, a visual extension to the popular Python programming language. By broadening exposure of computational thinking to the natural sciences and developing activities specifically for science domains, we hope to attract new students into computer science and better prepare natural science students to employ the computational tools they will utilize in the future.


In an isothermal jacketed static bomb calorimeter, we have measured the energies of combustion of two com-pounds based on stearic and oleic acids combined with a mole percent ratio of 20:80 and 40:60, respectively, in the condensed state at T = 298.15 K. The dependence of thermochemical characteristics on the composition of the com-pounds has been found and discussed. The data obtained allowed us to estimate the thermodynamic stability of the compounds under study.


Significance DNA repair is essential to life and to avoidance of genome instability and cancer. Xeroderma pigmentosum group G (XPG) protein acts in multiple DNA repair pathways, both as an active enzyme and as a scaffold for coordinating with other repair proteins. We present here the structure of the catalytic domain responsible for its DNA binding and nuclease activity. Our analysis provides structure-based hypotheses for how XPG recognizes its bubble DNA substrate and predictions of the structural impacts of XPG disease mutations associated with two phenotypically distinct diseases: xeroderma pigmentosum (XP, skin cancer prone) or Cockayne syndrome (XP/CS, severe progressive developmental defects). Xeroderma pigmentosum group G (XPG) protein is both a functional partner in multiple DNA damage responses (DDR) and a pathway coordinator and structure-specific endonuclease in nucleotide excision repair (NER). Different mutations in the XPG gene ERCC5 lead to either of two distinct human diseases: Cancer-prone xeroderma pigmentosum (XP-G) or the fatal neurodevelopmental disorder Cockayne syndrome (XP-G/CS). To address the enigmatic structural mechanism for these differing disease phenotypes and for XPG's role in multiple DDRs, here we determined the crystal structure of human XPG catalytic domain (XPGcat), revealing XPG-specific features for its activities and regulation. Furthermore, XPG DNA binding elements conserved with FEN1 superfamily members enable insights on DNA interactions. Notably, all but one of the known pathogenic point mutations map to XPGcat, and both XP-G and XP-G/CS mutations destabilize XPG and reduce its cellular protein levels. Mapping the distinct mutation classes provides structure-based predictions for disease phenotypes: Residues mutated in XP-G are positioned to reduce local stability and NER activity, whereas residues mutated in XP-G/CS have implied long-range structural defects that would likely disrupt stability of the whole protein, and thus interfere with its functional interactions. Combined data from crystallography, biochemistry, small angle X-ray scattering, and electron microscopy unveil an XPG homodimer that binds, unstacks, and sculpts duplex DNA at internal unpaired regions (bubbles) into strongly bent structures, and suggest how XPG complexes may bind both NER bubble junctions and replication forks. Collective results support XPG scaffolding and DNA sculpting functions in multiple DDR processes to maintain genome stability.


David Arnold lives in Herefordshire and teaches literary studies at the University of Worcester. He has published on the improvisations of William Carlos Williams, and his book, Poetry and Language Writing: Objective and Surreal (Liverpool University Press) came out in 2007. He is particularly interested in twentieth century American counter-poetries; the relationship between literature and the environment; 'creative criticism,' and learning for sustainable development. He is currently pondering how to incorporate these interests into a piece of 'relational autobiography' that is reassuringly substantial but not too epic.


Vehicular networks are gaining popularity because vehicularcommunications are able to help minimize accidents, improvetraffic conditions and provide infotainment services. Security and privacy are important challenges in the deployment of vehicular networks. Authentication, key exchange and pseudonym delivery protocols can be used to provide security and privacy in vehicular networks. However, two important aspects of security and privacy,namely protection against DoS attacks and vehicle node anonymity, are currently not being addressed in existing authentication, key exchange and pseudonym delivery protocols for vehicular networks. In this paper, we propose an anonymous DoS-resistant password-based AUthentiCation, Key Exchange and Pseudonym delivERy(AUCKEPER) Protocol for vehicular networks that provides both protection against DoS attacks and vehicle node anonymity. A security and complexity analysis shows that the proposed AUCKEPER protocol is secure, more efficient and has advantages over a recently proposed state-of-the-art authentication, key exchange and pseudonym delivery protocol.


I n the U.S. and throughout the world, the prevalence of diabetes is increasing, especially among non-white populations. The increase in non-insulindependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) may largely be due to an increased prevalence of obesity and decreased physical activity. About 90% of people with diabetes have NIDDM, which is a heterogeneous disorder involving impairment of both insulin secretion and insulin action. People with diabetes suffer from increased morbidity and early mortality related to cardiovascular, microvascular, and neuropathic complications. The Diabetes Control and Complications Trial (DCCT) convincingly demonstrated the relationship of hyperglycemia to the development and progression of microvascular and neuropathic complications in people with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) and showed that improved glycemic control achieved through an intensive insulin treatment regimen reduced these complications. Although no similar well-controlled prospective study has been completed in people with NIDDM, there is ample evidence supporting the same relationship between hyperglycemia and these complications. For example, the Wisconsin Epidemiologic Study of Diabetic Retinopathy (WESDR) found a strong correlation between the degree of elevation of glycosylated hemoglobin and the development and progression of retinopathy in people with NIDDM regardless of the diabetes treatment. The relationship between the cardiovascular complications of diabetes and hyperglycemia has been more difficult to determine and remains controversial. Additionally, it is not known to what extent, if any, reduction of hyperglycemia will reduce long-term macrovascular complications in both NIDDM and IDDM patients. If one accepts the hypothesis that improved glycemic control may reduce the complications of NIDDM, then major efforts should be made to develop and implement more effective treatment regimens. Many studies have demonstrated that most people with NIDDM do not achieve the treatment goals recommended by the American Diabetes Association (Table 1). Diet and exercise therapy alone are not successful in controlling hyperglycemia in the majority of people with NIDDM. In contrast to IDDM, in which insulin deficiency is the problem and insulin replacement the treatment, in NIDDM the pharmacological approach to hyperglycemia is more varied and more rapidly evolving. With the goal of developing recommendations for the pharmacological treatment of hyperglycemia in NIDDM, the American Diabetes Association convened a Consensus Development Conference on 12-13 July 1995 in Philadelphia, PA. An eight-member panel, with audience participation, discussed the presentations of 18 experts in relevant subjects and subsequently addressed the following questions.


Retrogressive Thaw Slumps (RTSs), a highly dynamic form of mass wasting, are accelerating geomorphic change across ice‐cored permafrost terrain, yet the main controls on their activity are poorly constrained. Questions over the spatial variability of environmentally sensitive massive ice bodies and a paucity of high‐spatial and temporal resolution topographic data have limited our ability to project their development and wider impacts. This research addresses these key problems by investigating RTS processes on Peninsula Point—a well‐studied site for intra‐sedimental massive ice in the Western Canadian Arctic. Utilizing high‐resolution topographic data from drone surveys in 2016, 2017 and 2018 we (a) measure the temporal and spatial variations in headwall properties and retreat rates, (b) determine the spatial pattern of subsurface layering using passive seismic monitoring and (c) combine these to analyze and contextualize the factors controlling headwall retreat (HWR) rates. We find that headwall properties, namely massive ice and overburden thickness, are significant controls over rates of HWR. Where persistent massive ice exposures are present inland of the headwall, regardless of thickness, and overburden thickness remains <4 m, HWR is typically more than double that of other headwalls. Furthermore, a 3D site model was created by combining photogrammetric and passive seismic data, highlighting internal layering variability and demonstrating the limitations of extrapolations of internal layering based on headwall exposures. These results provide fresh insights into the in situ controls on HWR rates and new approaches to understanding their variability.


Background: Cardiac catheterization and angiography are diagnostic and therapeutic imaging modalities that produce the highest X-ray radiation, which might impose lifelong risks to patients. This study aimed to evaluate radiation burden among children and adolescents with congenital heart diseases, who underwent cardiac catheterization and angiography. Then the results were compared with other imaging modalities. Materials and Methods: In this prospective study, children and adolescents with congenital heart diseases were consecutively evaluated from April 2017 till November 2017. This research was designed in Namazi and Faghihi teaching hospitals affiliated to Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran. In addition to the basic data and total radiation time, effective dose and dose area product were assessed for each patient. Results: We enrolled 148 consecutive patients under 18 years old, who underwent 36 diagnostic and 112 interventional cardiac catheterizations. Effective dose was 50.23 mGy in the diagnostic catheterizations, and 48.39 mGy in the interventional angiographies. Also the dose area product was 427/28 mGy.cm 2 in the diagnostic catheterizations, and 476.62 mGy.cm 2 in the interventional angiography. The most time-consuming cine fluoroscopy pertained to ventricular septal defect closure and (11.67 seconds) and the most effective dose and dose area product pertained to the same procedure, as well (68,514 mGy and 623,843 mGy.cm 2 respectively). Conclusion: Effective dose and dose area product in cardiac catheterization were desirable, and some previous studies revealed that carcinogenic effect of X-ray radiation is more prominent when effective dose is more than 70-100 mGy. Thus the effective dose might not cause hazardous outcomes if other x ray modalities are not frequently requested for them in future.


Introduction Sexual partner concurrency has been shown to be a risk factor for a number of sexually transmitted infections but it is unknown if it is a risk factor for Trichomonas vaginalis (TV). Study design We used mixed effects logistic regression to assess the association between partner concurrency and incident TV in the Longitudinal Study of Vaginal Flora, a cohort study of 3620 women followed quarterly for five visits. Results TV was more common in those reporting definite/possible/unknown PC (15.6%/15.0%/18.3%) than those reporting no PC (5.2% - P<0.001 for all three comparisons). After controlling for a range of confounders, incident TV remained associated with reporting that one's partner definitely (adjusted Odds ratio [aOR] 5.4; 95% Confidence Interval [CI], 3.7–8.0) and possibly (aOR 3.4; 95% CI, 2.2–5.1) engaged in partner concurrency in the preceding time period. Conclusion Partner concurrency was associated with incident TV infection. We hypothesise that this association may be partly explained by concurrent partnering bypassing a 'rapid-clearance-in-males-bottleneck.'


For computer networking, system, method, and devices. According to one embodiment of the present invention, the method includes receiving a request for a web resource with data and can not draw the drawable from a remote client. Said method comprising further filtering at least a portion of the impossible drawing data from the requested Web resource, to produce a web resource that has been modified thereby. The method also comprises transmitting the modified web resource to the remote client. Impossible drawing data may include margins, comments, hard returns, meta tags, keywords, or other data that is not used to present the web page by the browser. .FIELD 1


Modified Newtonian Dynamics (MoND) is an empirically modification of Newtonian gravity at largest scales in order to explain rotation curves of galaxies, as an alternative to nonbaryonic dark matter. But MoND theories can hardly connect themselves to the formalism of relativistic cosmology type Friedmann-Robertson-Walker. The present work posits the possibility of building this connection by postulating a Yukawa-like scalar potential, with non gravitational origin. This potential comes from a simple reflection speculate of the well-know potential of Yukawa and it is intended to describe the following physics scenarios: null in very near solar system, slightly attractive in ranges of interstellar distances, very attractive in distance ranges comparable to galaxies cluster, and repulsive to cosmic scales. As a result of introducing this potential into the typical Friedman equations we found that the critical density of matter is consistent with the observed density (without a dark matter assumption), besides this, MoND theory is obtained for interstellar scales and consequently would explain rotation curves. Also it is shown that Yukawa type inverse does not alter the predictions of the Cosmic Microwave Background neither the primordial nucleosinthesys in early universe; and can be useful to explain the large-scale structure formation.


The application of the New Production Philosophy (Lean Production) in the construction industry is a challenge to both researchers and professionals due to its innovative approach to the management of production systems. In addition, the consolidation of a theory in this field demands the application of its concepts and principles in practical situations. However, the implementation of Lean Production concepts and principles faces some communication and learning barriers. This paper presents some of the results of a PhD research project concerned with the development of management competencies, which proposes an integrated use of action learning and cognitive approaches to encourage the application of Lean Production concepts and principles in construction management. This study assumes that learning is strongly influenced by cultural values and beliefs. This cultural approach to learning implies that the development of management competencies requires not only a set of new knowledge but also an in depth questioning process in order to develop adequate attitudes towards production management problems. A reflection on the meanings of Lean Production concepts and principles was undertaken, assuming that the adoption of this theoretical framework by the industry requires a change in the current construction management paradigm. The objective of this paper is to discuss Lean Production concepts and principles from a cultural perspective and the use of Action Learning approach to identify some cognitive and cultural barriers to the implementation of such managerial innovation. A discussion on Action Learning is followed by an analysis of the changes observed in the attitudes of one construction manager, who took part in an Action Learning set.


In this paper,the fractional dimension of water system was applied to study the comprehensive regionalization of landslide and debris flow disasters,which could reflect the disastrous degree of landslide and debris flow at Yunnan Province of China.After analyzing the correlation of the dimension value with the density of landslide and debris flow,a conclusion are drawn from the statistical coefficient that dimension is a better factor than the density of dissection line for the comprehensive regionalization of landslide and debris flows.In addition,vector box-counting algorithm was applied in the research to calculate the regional water system dimension,which is a better method than the traditional grid box-counting algorithm.


The study investigates the influence of locomotive duty cycles and fleet make-up on locomotive emissions in Canada. This report contains data and analyses based on locomotive fleet profiles and corresponding exhaust emissions as of the end of 2001. The results of the analyses can be used as benchmarks to monitor the emissions level from Canadian railway operations or to examine the impact of envisaged changes in the fleet profil, operating strategies and traffic forecasts on emissions levels. Data was obtained on locomotive duty cycles from three railways. Locomotive fleet profiles were obtained from members of the Railway Association of Canada. Emissions factors and annual tonnage were then calculated based on this fleet data and test measurements conducted for the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency on emissions from locomotives having technology representative of most of the Canadian fleet. It was found that the oxides of nitrogen (NOx) emissions factor of 248 grams per imperial gallon as calculated in 1990 had increased to 269.2 in 2001. For the volume of fuel consumed, this equates to 119,200 tonnes of NOx produced in 2001 compared to 113,500 tonnes in 1990. It was concluded that locomotive technology used in the fleet significantly influences emissions factors, while locomotive duty cycles have a lesser influence. Since 1997, Canadian railways have transported 10 percent more tonnage with 15 percent less horsepower, consuming 10 percent less diesel fuel. It was recommended that emissions factors be calculated annually to reflect the fleet make-up for that year, that developments worldwide relating to reducing fuel consumption and emissions be monitored to help Canadian railways introduce the technology necessary to lower emissions, and that steps be taken to obtain the test data for those locomotives for which data is not currently available.


Phase masks are important optical elements that have been utilized for several decades in a large variety of applications. Recently, we demonstrated a new type of phase masks fabricated by encoding phase profiles into volume Bragg gratings, allowing these holographic elements to be used as phase masks at any wavelength capable of satisfying the Bragg condition of the hologram. Here, we present a new method of true achromatization of this type of phase masks that removes the need for angle tuning and is implemented by combining this holographic phase masks approach with a pair of surface diffraction gratings.


This study aims to ascertain whether the differences of prevalence and severity of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are true or whether children are perceived and rated differently by parent and teacher informant assessments (INFAs) according to gender, age, and co‐occurring disorders, even at equal levels of latent ADHD traits.


Molybdocenes form monomeric and dimeric complexes upon dissolution in water. The solution structures of the molybdocenes at neutral pH are inferred as the monomeric [(CpR)2Mo(OH2)(OH)]+ and the dimeric [(CpR)2Mo(μ-OH)2Mo(CpR)2]2+. The equilibrium constants for the monomer−dimer equilibria were obtained from 1H NMR dilution studies as K'eq = (7.9 × 10-2) ± (1.0 × 10-3) M for R = CH3 at pD 7 and as Keq = (3.5 × 10-2) ± (1.3 × 10-3) M for R = H at pD 3.5. Qualitatively, the monomer of the CpMe molybdocene is more favored than the Cp analogue, compared to their respective dimers.


An electronic device having a press-fit connection for connecting a connector and an electronic part mounted on a printed circuit board which is possible to enable high density mounting. Viewing the printed circuit board from an upper surface, between adjacent through holes on which a compressive force acts upon insertion of the press-fit terminal, among the large number of through holes, a land or a conductor film connected to the conductor film formed on the inner wall surface of the through hole or the conductor film not connected to the conductor film formed on the inner wall surface of the through hole, formed in the circuit board held between the top layer circuit board and the bottom layer circuit board, exists in a width equal to or wider than the diameter of the through hole.


Unfortunately, two of the affiliations of author "A. E. Gorbalenya" were missed in original version. The affiliation is updated here. "Faculty of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia" "Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands".


Process based models have been developed to simulate ammonia (NH3) volatilization after surface slurry spreading, but none of them have managed to realistically represent slurry infiltration into the soil and the development of a specific slurry interface that modifies surface temperature and humidity conditions. To account for these physical effects, it is proposed to add to the model a layer of slurry on the surface of the soil. It is hypothesized that the slurry layer can be regarded as a soil layer from the hydrological point of view, characterized by its specific hydraulic parameters, and whose thickness depends on the quantity and bulk density of the slurry dry matter. An assessment was performed by comparisons with measurements of NH3 volatilization fluxes from two specific datasets. The addition of the slurry layer clearly improved the simulations of both the NH3 volatilization flux and ammoniacal nitrogen (NHX-N) distribution in the soil. This concept together with its parameterization proved to be relevant for accounting for effect of the slurry application rates on volatilization, and subsequent abatement obtained with band spreading. The efficiency factor was improved from -0.35 to 0.71. This concept also succeeded in describing the slurry layer state over the whole range from slurry ponding at the surface to the dried-out state, via a slurry in an intermediate drying state. This was actually a prerequisite for the good simulation of NH3 volatilization over the whole volatilization event. This approach is promising for extension to various organic materials present at the soil surface.


Multi-mode dynamic visualization of ocean and atmospheric data , This system uses the VC ++ and CG Coloring language development , Renderengine based on OpenGL Three-dimensional graphics standard . presents a series of pattern analysis methods for ocean and atmospheric data , including : probe work can , line mode , face mode , Body Mode , vector mode and dynamic time series analysis, and so on , enables the conversion of large amounts of multidimensional ocean atmosphere data to for three-dimensional or dynamically evolving images , Complete user interaction at the same time . and apply visualization technology to long time series Ocean atmosphere Data , represents the dynamic process of oceanic atmospheric data through real-time, dynamic visualization of images . results show , This system enables multimodal dynamic visualization of common ocean and atmospheric data .


Introduction- PCOS has emerged as a major endocrinological disorder in females in the reproductive age group with signi􀃶cant short term and long term effects such as metabolic syndrome infertility, cardiovascular disorders. Insulin resistance is one of the cardinal features of this syndrome. Aims and objectives- To study the different biochemical and anthropometric markers of insulin resistance and to correlate with vitamin D status in PCOS patients and to explore whether vitamin D could be considered as predictor of insulin resistance in PCOS. Materials and methods-Sixty patients of PCOS diagnosed by Rotterdam criteria were enrolled in this study.Estimation of 25- OH vitamin D was done by ELISA using 25 OH vitamin D direct ELISA kit from Immundiagnostik (Bensheim). Serum leptin level was measured by ELISA by using leptin DRG leptin sandwich ELISA kit. Sex hormone binding globulin was measured by ELISA using DRG SHBG. Insulin levels were estimated by Chemiluminescence immunoassay (CLIA) in Access 2 Beckmann Coulter. Results- 28.34% of PCOS women showed 25(OH)D values 3.9).We found a signi􀃶cant negative correlation of 25(OH)D levels with fasting insulin, HOMA-IR and glucose –insulin ratio.We found that vitamin D was the important determinant of HOMA-IR in women with PCOS.28.9 % of 2 total variation in HOMA-IR is explained by 25-OH-vit D alone (r =0.289 p value 0.0001). Conclusions- Lower levels of vitamin D are associated with higher levels of insulin resistance and thus Vitamin D de􀃶ciency might be involved in the pathogenesis of insulin resistance in PCOS.


Women play important role in fulfilling household needs. Apart from carrying out domestic activities, women are also active in public activities as an effort to maintain the sustainability of household livelihoods. This research is aimed to analyze the position of women in the sustainability of household livelihoods. Qualitative approach was used where data were collected with in-depth interview. Informants were selected using snowball method, and eight women were obtained. Result of research showed that women start to enter public world and seem capable to cope with public complexities. Public world is a place where work orientation is shifting from subsistence to commercial. Work commercialization requires women to do more varying activities including selling production outputs. Women must wander through villages or village markets in order to get a good sale. Although the activities are varying with livelihoods sources, but those represent the effort to maintain the sustainability of household livelihoods.


Abstract Background Our prior Systemic Treatment Options for Cancer of the Prostate systematic reviews showed improved survival for men with metastatic hormone-naive prostate cancer when abiraterone acetate plus prednisolone/prednisone (AAP) or docetaxel (Doc), but not zoledronic acid (ZA), were added to androgen-deprivation therapy (ADT). Trial evidence also suggests a benefit of combining celecoxib (Cel) with ZA and ADT. To establish the optimal treatments, a network meta-analysis (NMA) was carried out based on aggregate data (AD) from all available studies. Methods Overall survival (OS) and failure-free survival data from completed Systemic Treatment Options for Cancer of the Prostate reviews of Doc, ZA and AAP and from recent trials of ZA and Cel contributed to this comprehensive AD-NMA. The primary outcome was OS. Correlations between treatment comparisons within one multi-arm, multi-stage trial were estimated from control-arm event counts. Network consistency and a common heterogeneity variance were assumed. Results We identified 10 completed trials which had closed to recruitment, and one trial in which recruitment was ongoing, as eligible for inclusion. Results are based on six trials including 6204 men (97% of men randomised in all completed trials). Network estimates of effects on OS were consistent with reported comparisons with ADT alone for AAP [hazard ration (HR) = 0.61, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.53–0.71], Doc (HR = 0.77, 95% CI 0.68–0.87), ZA + Cel (HR = 0.78, 95% CI 0.62–0.97), ZA + Doc (HR = 0.79, 95% CI 0.66–0.94), Cel (HR = 0.94 95% CI 0.75–1.17) and ZA (HR = 0.90 95% CI 0.79–1.03). The effect of ZA + Cel is consistent with the additive effects of the individual treatments. Results suggest that AAP has the highest probability of being the most effective treatment both for OS (94% probability) and failure-free survival (100% probability). Doc was the second-best treatment of OS (35% probability). Conclusions Uniquely, we have included all available results and appropriately accounted for inclusion of multi-arm, multi-stage trials in this AD-NMA. Our results support the use of AAP or Doc with ADT in men with metastatic hormone-naive prostate cancer. AAP appears to be the most effective treatment, but it is not clear to what extent and whether this is due to a true increased benefit with AAP or the variable features of the individual trials. To fully account for patient variability across trials, changes in prognosis or treatment effects over time and the potential impact of treatment on progression, a network meta-analysis based on individual participant data is in development.


A novel measure of protein surface complementarity, sc_pridc, is proposed. Each surface patch is represented by the distribution of the inter-atomic distances and the degree of similarity between two surface patches is estimated via a contingency table analysis of their two inter-atomic distance distributions. Such a low resolution surface representation allows very fast complementarity estimations that could find applications in protein-protein interaction prediction. The performance of se_pride is compared to that of other surface complementarity measures with a very large set of protein-protein complexes obtained with docking simulations and the ability of se_pride to recognize the surface complementarity is tested on a non-redundant set of experimentally determined crystal structures of protein-protein complexes.


The application and development of CNS-INS integrated navigation system in high-altitude aircrafrt are overviewed.On the basis of the analysis of aviation aircraft load celetid navigation system(CNS)/inertial navigation system(INS)integrated navigation system at home and abroad,the technical performance of CNS/INS integrated navigation system from working environment,integrated patterns and navigation solution is analyzed and it is pointed out that CNS-INS integrated navigation system is more applicable to the aviation aircraft of implementation of the long voyage and high-flying,it can meet the needs of aviation aircraft to high-precision navigation system.The unique advantages of CNS/INS integrated navigation system is summarized.The necessity of development of CNS-INS integrated navigation system is proposed,and the future research development direction for CNS-INS navigation technology on aircraft is discussed.


. Background. COVID-19 is a serious public health problem since it was declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization in March 2020. Patients with comorbid conditions and cancer are more likely to be affected by COVID-19. Materials and methods. This retrospective study was conducted in a radiation oncology clinic to assess the COVID-19 incidence, prognosis and its effects on radiation therapy. The study includes patients of a radiation oncology department infected with COVID-19 during the radiotherapy process between March 2020 and May 2021. Results. The COVID-19 incidence in our clinic is 0.01. Fifteen males (44.1 %) and 19 (55.9 %) females were enrolled. The mean age of the patients is 58.4 years. There is a significant difference between the ECOG categories in terms of the mean survival (p = 0.021). Conclusions. Radiotherapy has an important role in cancer treatment. Continuity of radiotherapy without any interval is important for the treatment response. The patients whose radiotherapy was interrupted due to COVID-19 infection should be followed closely. In order to avoid any intervals in radiotherapy due to COVID-19 infection during the pandemic period, all patients could be evaluated in terms of obtaining a swab sample for the COVID-19 diagnosis before the radiotherapy.


In this paper, we propose an online learning algorithm called PRIL for learning ranking classifiers using interval labeled data. We show the correctness of PRIL by showing that it preserves the orderings of the thresholds in successive trials. We show that the proposed algorithm converges in finite number of steps if there exists an ideal classifier. We also give the mistake bound for the general case and provide O(T) regret bound for the proposed algorithm. We show the effectiveness of PRIL by comparing its performance with other approaches.


Implementation fidelity is defined by adherence to intervention design, exposure or dose, quality of delivery, and participant responsiveness. As part of the process evaluation (PE) of Alive & Thrive, a large‐scale initiative to improve IYCF, our study assessed the four elements in training of frontline workers (FLWs), delivery of program tools and messages, and supervision and feedback. Data from a qualitative study among three levels of FLWs (n=54 in 2012), i.e. supervisors, health extension workers (HEWs), and community volunteers; and baseline and PE surveys with FLWs (n=225 in 2010, n=504 in 2013) and mothers (n=1,481 in 2010, n=750 in 2013) in two regions (Tigray and SNNPR) were analyzed to examine fidelity of key program components. There was strong adherence to intended cascading format (i.e. information transfer from higher to lower FLW levels) and high exposure to training (95% HEWs and 94% volunteers in Tigray, 68% and 81% respectively in SNNPR). Training quality, assessed by IYCF knowledge and self‐reported capacity, was high and increased since baseline. Job aids were used regularly by most supervisors and HEWs, but only 54% of volunteers in Tigray and 39% in SNNPR received them. Quality of program message delivery was lower among volunteers, and aided recall of key messages among mothers was also low. Although supervision exposure was high, frequency was irregular with weak content fidelity. There is evidence of strong fidelity in training and delivery of tools and messages at higher FLW levels, but gaps in the reach of these to volunteers and mothers and variability between regions limit the potential for intervention impact.


The study objective is to show the importance of process engineering in traction rolling stock repair under the conditions of reforming the domestic locomotive repair complex in terms of the transition to service maintenance and repair. The paper is devoted to the description of production preparation to the repair of new types of traction rolling stock for planning, organizing and effectively managing the process engineering at a stated time. As part of the study, the theories of information and technical systems, the theory of queuing, optimization of technological processes and experiment planning, system analysis are applied. The novelty of the work is in identifying the main stages of process engineering, in making a business process model of the algorithm for forming a network plan for production design engineering (PDE), allowing to show any production process not only from the side of control and providing it with inventory resources, technical documentation, qualified employees, but also from the side of verifying the technology of performing operations. It is found out that in the conditions of reforming the domestic locomotive repair complex, the issue of performing PDE for the repair of traction rolling stock (TPS) is urgent. The main PDE stages are highlighted. The main purpose of process engineering is to develop an optimal technological process (TP) that would ensure the repair of products of a given quality with minimal costs. At the preparatory stage, the exact organization and production preparation itself is of key importance. These costs are constantly increasing with the continuous complication of the locomotive structures themselves and the need to reduce the time for repairs. PDE advantages and disadvantages in IPS Techcard system are noted.


The analysis of spatial and temporal distribution of flood disaster in the Huaihe Basin is carried out based on the Z index and empirical orthogonal function decomposition(EOF),which is supported by the precipitation data at the main flood season(June-August) and observed in 18 zonings of Huaihe Basin during 1953-2007.The result shows the flood risk trend of each month in the main flood season is not significant,the risk in June and July is higher than August;the probability of extreme flood disaster in June has increased significantly after 1988;the duration period of flood disaster in June and August is long while in July is short,which are 11 years,10 years and 3 years respectively;therefore,sudden changing from drought to flood should be concerned in July;the flood disaster in Huaihe Basin is mainly caused by Meiyu and occurred basin-wide in range,whose center is between Runheji and Bengbu;the spatial distribution of flood disaster is influenced by topography;as a result,the flood risk of southwestern mountain area is higher than that of northwestern plain;the center of flood disaster in southwestern area is near Hengpaitou,which is the hinterland of Dabie mountain.


Cavitating flows around axisymmetric bodies are studied based on the experiments and numerical simulations.In experiments,a high-speed video camera is used to visualize the flow structures for different axisymmetric bodies and cavitation numbers,and a dynamics measure system is used to measure the instantaneous dynamic characteristic of the axisymmetric bodies.Meanwhile,a density modify based closure model for unsteady cavitating flows which contains multi-phase and time scale information of the cavitating flows is used.Comparisons are made with available measurements of surface pressure distribution to validate the methods.It is shown that the nature cavitation phenomenon around the axisymmetric bodies can be well simulated.There are different miscellaneous patterns of flow and interface for distinct shape bodies,which are strongly correlated with unsteady dynamics characteristics.The differences exist between frequency characteristics of the unsteady cavitating flows around hemispherical and blunt bodies.For the blunt axisymmetric bodies,the frequency characteristics of the low-frequent pulsation seems due to the large scale cloud shedding and is different from the pulsation caused by the local breakup of the cavity at its tail zone of the hemispherical axisymmetric body


Currently, there is no overarching model to integrating city planning, smart techniques and climate change. After reviewing the existing literature on the theoretical framework of smart water grid, this paper describes three case studies focusing on innovative technology placement and network of smart water grids in Fiji islands, Nepal and the Philippines. Then, based on the case study results, this study develops an alternative grid development pattern scenario model. The model shows ecology-water-energy-climate change nexus which allows for simulating and predicting the effects of smart water grid on the urban ecosystem and net carbon emissions.


Survival outcome of patients with peripheral T‐cell lymphoma‐not otherwise specified (PTCL‐NOS) and angioimmunoblastic T‐cell lymphoma (AITL) who experience disease progression/relapse remains very poor. A total of 321 patients, newly diagnosed with PTCL‐NOS (n = 180) or AITL (n = 141) between 1999 and 2015, were analysed. Failure‐free survival (FFS) and overall survival (OS) were calculated from the time of first disease progression (FFS1, OS1), from second disease progression (FFS2, OS2) and from third progression (FFS3, OS3). With a median follow‐up duration of 52 months, 240 patients (135 PTCL‐NOS, 105 AITL) experienced progression/relapse. In patients with PTCL‐NOS, the median durations of FFS1, FFS2 and FFS3 were 3·1, 2·5 and 2·1 months, respectively. In patients with AITL, they were 5·5, 2·9 and 2·3 months, respectively. There was no improvement in FFS1 and OS1 by the time of recurrence during this period (1999–2004, 2005–2009 and 2010–2015). The median FFS after pralatrexate and romidepsin was only 3·0 and 2·5 months, respectively. The 5‐year OS rates after salvage autologous and allogeneic transplant were 32% and 52%, respectively; while the 5‐year OS rates for patients who did not undergo transplant was 10%. Further research for novel therapeutic approaches with higher efficacy and better safety profile are needed.


Comparative Studies of Numerical Cognition in Nonhuman Primates: From Numerical Comparison to Arithmetic by Sarah Mychal Jones Department of Psychology and Neuroscience Duke University Date:_______________________ Approved: ___________________________ Elizabeth M. Brannon, Supervisor ___________________________ Amy S. Joh ___________________________ Stephen R. Mitroff ___________________________ Michael L. Platt An abstract of a dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Department of Psychology and Neuroscience in the Graduate School of Duke University 2012 Copyright by Sarah Mychal Jones 2012