Abstract Despite relative neglect in the literature, Kant's published and unpublished writings in theoretical philosophy reveal a sustained and at times ambivalent effort to come to terms with the problem of miracles. Because they entail a form of supernatural causation that undermines the law-governedness of the order of nature, miracles pose a significant problem for Kant's metaphysics. I explore in detail Kant's account of miracles in conjunction with the relevant aspects of his metaphysics of nature in order to establish in what sense miracles are possible, and how they fit into Kant's architectonic more generally.


Genomic DNA from old tissue was isolated by the phenol/chloroform method.The COI and 16S rDNA were amplified and sequenced by two pairs of special primers.Genetic variation,genetic distance and phylogenetic tree analysis were studied by MEGA 3.0 software.The homologous sequences were blasted from the NCBI GenBank.It can be concluded that the sample numbered YTU073 might be Grapsus albolineatus in the study.


Acknowledgments1 Holy Criminology, Batman! Comics and Constructions of Crime and Justice 2 "Crime Doesn't Pay"A Brief History of Crime and Justice Themes in Comic Books 3 The World Is ShiftingTerrorism, Xenophobia, and Comic Books after 9/11 4 A Better TomorrowApocalypse, Utopia, and the Crime Problem 5 "That's the Trouble with a Bad Seed"Villains and the Embodiment of Evil 6 "Aren't We Supposed to Be the Good Guys?"Heroes, Deathworthiness, and Paths to Justice 7 "Take Down the Bad Guys, Save the Girl"Gender, Sexual Orientation, and Comic Book Justice 8 "Aren't There Any Brown People in This World?"Race, Ethinicity, and Crime Fighting 9 Apocalyptic IncapacitationThe "Maximum-Maximum" Response to Crime 10 ConclusionUltimate Justice Appendix: Sample and methodology Notes Bibliography Index About the Authors


The statisticians among us subjected these forecasts to verification and found they differed in no way from chance. The forecasters themselves were con-vinced and requested that the forecasts be discon-tinued. The reply read approximately like this: "The Commanding General is well aware that the forecasts are no good. However, he needs them for planning purposes."


PURPOSE
To describe a modified small incision lenticule extraction (SMILE) procedure called sub-cap-lenticule-extraction (Sub-Cap-LE) for refractive enhancement after SMILE.

METHODS
Case report.

RESULTS
A 53-year-old woman who underwent bilateral SMILE for moderate myopia complained of blurred vision at distance postoperatively. The manifest postoperative refraction in the eye targeted for distance was -1.0 -1.0 × 5°. She was scheduled for an enhancement applying a new technique that permits the surgeon to use the previously created interface as the new superior plane of the new lenticule. Postoperatively, uncorrected visual acuity improved from 20/63 to 20/16.

CONCLUSIONS
This first case report demonstrates the feasibility of an enhancement with the SubCap-LE procedure after a primary SMILE procedure. More cases are needed to develop a consistent surgical protocol.


This paper re-examines the minimality of invariant sets for linear discrete time systems subject to bounded, additive, uncertainty in view of the theoretical framework reported by Artstein and Rakovic. The existence and uniqueness of the minimal invariant set are proven directly, under standard assumptions, by using the Banach fixed point theorem. The fundamentals of the Minkowski algebra and the Banach contraction principle are then utilized to provide characterization of a novel family of invariant sets. Members of this family can be, under modest assumptions, computed fairly efficiently. The unique feature of the characterized family is that it contains invariant sets that are characterized explicitly for any non-negative integer in strong contrast to the existing results in the literature. The corresponding computational considerations and a potential application are outlined. An illuminating example is also provided.


We report the use of novel molecular precursors and ultrahigh vacuum chemical vapor deposition techniques to synthesize solid solutions of cubic SiC‐GeC and diamond‐structure Si1−x−yGexCy materials. Thin films with composition Si0.37Ge0.13C0.50 were deposited on Si by thermal decomposition of Ge[Si(CH3)3]4 at 650–700 °C. Electron microscope observations showed a polycrystalline zinc‐blende‐type structure and infrared (IR) analyses revealed carbide‐type Si‐C and Ge‐C vibrations. The Si1−x−yGexCy (y≳2%) alloys were deposited at 550–600 °C on Si and SiO2 by interactions of (1) C(SiH3)4 and GeH4; (2) CH3GeH3 and SiH4; and (3) CH3GeH3 with mixtures of GeH4 and SiH4. A homogeneous alloy phase of composition Si56Ge30C14 with diamond cubic structure was obtained from reaction 1. Reactions 2 and 3 produced films with carbon compositions ranging from 2 to 27 at. %. The materials containing less than 10% carbon appeared to be exclusively diamond cubic, whereas those with greater carbon compositions showed mixtures o...


Biomass-derived photothermal conversion materials are considered as one of promising evaporator choices for cost-effective, sustainable, and environment-friendly solar vapor generation. Herein we demonstrate a double-layer flamed straw, which is a typical solar-driven interfacial evaporator that can be directly convert solar energy into heat, and then localize heat at interface for vapor generation. Benefiting from the unique structure of natural corn straw, the flamed straw exhibits high solar absorbance of 91%, ultra-low thermal conductivity (0.042 W m-1 K-1), and the sufficient water supply. Notably, the flamed-straw evaporator achieves a fast evaporation rate of 1.497 kg m-2 h-1 and high photothermal efficiency of 86% under one sun illumination, showing a comparable efficiency with ever reported studies. Our work highlights the promise of using the low-cost biomass-derived materials as highly effective solar vapor generators in the realm of seawater desalination and wastewater treatment.


This paper derives the asymptotic distribution for a number of rank-based and classical residual specification tests in AR-GARCH type models. We consider tests for the null hypotheses of no linear and quadratic serial residual autocorrelation, residual symmetry, and no structural breaks. For these tests we show that, generally, no size correction is needed in the asymptotic test distribution when applied to AR-GARCH type residuals obtained through QMLE estimation. To be precise, we give exact expressions for the limiting null distribution of the test statistics applied to residuals, and find that standard critical values often lead to conservative tests. For this result, we give simple sufficient conditions. Simulations show that our asymptotic approximations work well for a large number of AR-GARCH models and parameter values. We also show that the rank-based tests often, though not always, have superior power properties over the classical tests, even if they are conservative. We thereby provide a useful extension to the econometrician's toolkit. An empirical application illustrates the relevance of these tests to the AR-GARCH models for the weekly stock market return indices of some major and emerging countries.


The data reported in this article were collected in 1990 and 1991. To determine if verbal reasoning abilities for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander tertiary applicants have changed over the years, data for a more recent group of applicants were examined. Data from a sample of 100 Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander tertiary applicants for 1994, 1995 and 1996 were subjected to analysis.


There is a variety of passenger transport facilities to choose from when designing a passenger traffic distribution hub with large amount of transfers among various modes of transportation. To provide a "seamless" transfer experience for passengers, this paper proposes a minimum-distance design approach. This approach makes use of sorting graphic and simplified formula method, and chooses the design that minimizes the total transfer distance (defined as number of transfers times average transfer distance) and the total transfer distance of intensive transportation mode (defined as number of transfers of intensive modes times average transfer distance between intensive transport modes). A case study of Zhenjiang to Shanghai High Speed Rail Station demonstrates how sorting graphic and simplified formula method is applied to obtain the optimal layout design.


Web mining is an important techniques for it enables extraction of data and information from the web for further needs. Although there are a lot of web databases that holds bibliography data, The Online Computer Library Center (OCLC) owns the largest web databases on bibliography in the world. A large number of bibliography data, surely needs more than manual downloading. In this research we conduct an experimentation to harvest bibliography data using multi-threading process that is fast, safe and ethical. Using C# programming language and Visual Studio IDE, We were successful in harvesting five million bibliography data, without being penalized by the source site.


We consider a new complexity class that is called equivalent-P which has a close relation to the P versus NP problem. The class equivalent-P contains those languages that are ordered-pairs of instances of two specific problems in P, such that the elements of each ordered-pair have the same solution, which means, the same certificate. In addition, we define the class double-NP as the set of languages that contain each instance of another language in NP, but in a double way, that is, in form of a pair with two identical instances. We demonstrate that double-NP is a subset of equivalent-P. In this way, we show that every problem in double-NP can be reformulated as the ordered-pairs of elements of two languages in P which have the same certificate.


This project focuses on the effect of annealing temperature to electrical properties of deposited Zinc Oxide (ZnO) thin film. ZnO solutions made from Zinc acetate dehydrate (ZnAC), 2-Methoxyethanol and monoethanolmine (MEA) are deposited onto glass substrates using spin coating technique. Deposited films are annealed at various temperatures from 350degC to 500degC in the furnace (Preterm Furnace) for 1 hour. The effect of annealing temperature on the electrical properties is investigated. The electrical properties are characterized using Current-Voltage (I-V) measurement unit (Advantest R6243). I-V characterization shows the films exhibited ohmic contact and the resistivity decreased when annealing temperature increased. This indicates that the electrical properties of the films improved with higher annealing temperature up to 500degC.


tion as well as fairytale studies at large, which rarely addresses issues of ableism. The third section, "Posthuman and Posttruth Cinderellas," begins with a posthumanist take on Cinderella with dragons and cyborgs in Rachel L. Carazo's "Dragons, Magical Objects, and Social Criticism" and Alexandra Lykissas' "Cyborgerella." Ryan Habermeyer's "Once Upon a Time in NaziOccupied France" concludes the final section with a shift to posttruth. He specifically positions the film Inglourious Basterds (2009) in the growing posttruth culture surrounding Brexit and Donald Trump's presidency. As Woltmann states in the introduction, this collection does not intend to engage with the traditional folkloric, deep historical, or psychoanalytic approaches used in folklore or fairytale studies. Rather, this collection creates a wideranging social history for recent Cinderella adaptations, making it especially useful for classes or research that address film and television adaptations of fairy tales. As with similar studies, the scope of this study is as much a drawback as it is a necessity. However, the diversity of perspectives and adaptations add to recent conversations about Cinderella as two new film adaptations of this fairy tale premiere this year. Woke Cinderella is an engaging read that juxtaposes an equal number of experienced scholars with new voices in fairytale studies, highlighting the continued power and relevance of this fairy tale today.


Invited Talks.- Algorithms for Selfish Agents.- The Reduced Genus of a Multigraph.- Classifying Discrete Temporal Properties.- Complexity 1.- Circuit Complexity of Testing Square-Free Numbers.- Relating Branching Program Size and Formula Size over the Full Binary Basis.- Theory of Parallel Algorithms 1.- Memory Organization Schemes for Large Shared Data: A Randomized Solution for Distributed Memory Machines.- The Average Time Complexity to Compute Prefix Functions in Processor Networks.- Complexity 2.- On the Hardness of Permanent.- One-Sided Versus Two-Sided Error in Probabilistic Computation.- Computational Geometry.- An Optimal Competitive Strategy for Walking in Streets.- An Optimal Strategy for Searching in Unknown Streets.- Parallel Searching on m Rays.- Complexity 3.- A Logical Characterisation of Linear Time on Nondeterministic Turing Machines.- Descriptive Complexity of Computable Sequences.- Complexity of Some Problems in Universal Algebra.- Algorithms and Data Structures 1.- New Branchwidth Territories.- Balanced Randomized Tree Splitting with Applications to Evolutionary Tree Constructions.- Treewidth and Minimum Fill-In of Weakly Triangulated Graphs.- Automata and Formal Languages.- Decidability and Undecidability of Marked PCP.- On Quadratic Word Equations.- Some Undecidability Results Related to the Star Problem in Trace Monoids.- Algorithms and Data Structures 2.- An Approximation Algorithm for Max p-Section.- Approximating Bandwidth by Mixing Layouts of Interval Graphs.- Linear Time 1/2-Approximation Algorithm for Maximum Weighted Matching in General Graphs.- Complexity 4.- Extending Downward Collapse from 1-versus-2 Queries to j-versus-j + 1 Queries.- Sparse Sets, Approximable Sets, and Parallel Queries to NP.- Algorithms and Data Structures 3.- External Selection.- Fast Computations of the Exponential Function.- Verification.- A Model of Behaviour Abstraction for Communicating Processes.- Model Checking Lossy Vector Addition Systems.- Algorithms and Data Structures 4.- Constructing Light Spanning Trees with Small Routing Cost.- Finding Paths with the Right Cost.- Complexity 5.- In How Many Steps the k Peg Version of the Towers of Hanoi Game Can Be Solved?.- Lower Bounds for Dynamic Algebraic Problems.- An Explicit Lower Bound for TSP with Distances One and Two.- Theory of Parallel Algorithms 2.- Scheduling Dynamic Graphs.- Supporting Increment and Decrement Operations in Balancing Networks.- Worst-Case Equilibria.- Algorithmic Learning.- A Complete and Tight Average-Case Analysis of Learning Monomials.- Costs of General Purpose Learning.- Universal Distributions and Time-Bounded Kolmogorov Complexity.- Logic in Computer Science.- The Descriptive Complexity Approach to LOGCFL.- The Weakness of Self-Complementation.- On the Difference of Horn Theories.- Complexity 6.- On Quantum Algorithms for Noncommutative Hidden Subgroups.- On the Size of Randomized OBDDs and Read-Once Branching Programs for k-Stable Functions.- How To Forget a Secret.- Logic in Computer Science 2.- A Modal Fixpoint Logic with Chop.- Completeness of Neighbourhood Logic.- Eliminating Recursion in the ?-Calculus.- Complexity 7.- On Optimal Algorithms and Optimal Proof Systems.- Space Bounds for Resolution.- Algorithms and Data Structures 5.- Upper Bounds for Vertex Cover Further Improved.- Online Matching for Scheduling Problems.


Hanghang Tong of Carnegie Mellon University presented a lecture on March 16, 2010 at 2:00 pm in room 1116 E of the Klaus Advanced Computing Building on the Georgia Tech campus.


We studied the exuviae of aquatic insects flowing down the stream at some stations of the two rivers, Yuragawa and Yoshinogawa.The exuviae of Ephemeroptera and Chironomidae showed a considerably high percentage.We found only a few exuviae of Trichoptera, although there lived a large number of larvae of this group in the stream. The reason may be : (1) The larval exuviae of Trichoptera seem to become to pieces easily. (2) Most species of Trichoptera live in their cases in which they cast their skins, so that they have less chances to be washed down in the water.Nevertheless, the stations of the stream, where many insects inhabit, we can find many flowing exuviae. Therefore, we can probably use the quantities of flowing exuviae as rough indicators of the productivity of aquatic insects in the stream.


Objective To investigate the roles of the expression of Bax and Fas protein in the incidence and development of hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)and its significance.Methods The expression of Bax and Fas in HCC and paracancerous tissue from 56 patients were detected by means of immunohistochemistry technique,the correlation between the two indexes and the clinical pathological features of HCC.Results The positive rate of Bax expression in HCC and paracancerous tissue were 66.1%(37/56) and 21.4%(12/56),P0.05(χ2=28.32);The positive rate of Fas expression were 41.1%(23/56) and 80.4%(45/56),P0.05(χ2=21.42).No significant difference was found between the Bax and Fas protein,the two indexes were both correlated with the differentiation of tumor(P0.05),but not associated to age,gender,tumor diameter,hepatic cirrhosis(yes or no)(P0.05).Conclusion The abnormal expression of Bax and Fas protein may take part in the incidence and development of HCC through different ways.


CHRIS/PROBA images are affected by two main noises, and for simplicity we will call them horizontal and vertical noises. Horizontal noise consists in the random loss of partial data from some lines of the images. In the same image, the lost lines appear always in different bands and positions. When that noise appears, there is not a complete loss of the whole line, maintaining a correct value for the even pixels. Using that property of the noise, it is easy to detect the lines with horizontal noise because they always have a correct value followed by an incorrect value along all the line. Once we have detected the lost lines, even pixels for such lines are corrected using the average of the nearest pixels with a correct value. On the one hand, vertical noise or vertical striping is due to errors in the alignment of the sensors in the construction of the instrument (we can consider these errors as a constant). On the other hand, thermal fluctuations during the orbit causes small variations in the alignment of the optical elements, making that this vertical noise does not stay constant during all the time [Settle, 2001]. In the literature we can find a couple of methods to obtain the factors to correct this type of noise, and they are always based in the application of a filter in some point of the methodology, so that they have an important dependence with the image content. We have developed a new methodology to obtain the correction factors without the use of any filter, and we have demonstrated that these factors are constant during an orbit, using the same factors obtained in the nadir image to correct all the images of the same orbit. That procedure for the removal of noises in CHRIS/PROBA images has been developed and used for the correction of all the images acquired during the SPARC campaign, but is general enough to be applicable to any other CHRIS data due to the no dependence on the image content. It has been tested in other core sites as Libian desert.


A hose line (1), which is provided with an identification means has terminal ends (11) associated in each case for connection to a connector to the end (11) the connection fitting (4) are formed. The identification means includes data to uniquely identify the hose line and is formed in that at each hose line connection end (4) an identifier in the form of a hose transponder (3) is mounted non-detachably and fixed. The two end-side tube transponder (3) are connected free of the connection fitting (4) with the hose (1) and provided with at least partially matching, permanently and unalterably stored identification data. These measures manipulation of the hose line and / or the valves or the use of improper fittings are recognizable or prevented.


-This study aims to analyze the sentiment of using the Mypertamina application in purchasing subsidized fuel oil using the Naive Bayes algorithm. This research involves data pre-processing stages, such as full preprocessing and stopword removal, as well as accuracy testing by varying the distribution of training data and test data. The results showed that by carrying out full preprocessing of the data and using 70% of the training data, the classification model achieved an accuracy of 85%. The use of 80% training data increases accuracy to 87%, while the use of 90% training data results in an accuracy of 89%. This shows that the more training data used, the better the performance of the classification model. Eliminating stopwords also has a significant impact on model accuracy. Without omission of stopwords, the accuracy of the model with a data division of 70%, 80%, and 90% is 80%, 82%, and 84%, respectively. Even though the accuracy is lower than full preprocessing, the model still provides good predictions. Based on the test results, it can be concluded that the application of full preprocessing with more training data tends to produce better model performance. However, removing stopwords also makes a significant contribution to improving accuracy. Therefore, in developing a text classification model, comprehensive pre-processing and appropriate stopword removal need to be considered according to the characteristics of the data and analysis needs. In testing the classification using the Naïve Bayes Classifier method, the distribution of training data and test data also has an effect. The use of 70% training data results in an accuracy of 85%, while the use of 80% and 90% training data results in an accuracy of 87% and 89% respectively. The more training data used, the better the performance of the Naïve Bayes Classifier classification model. In the final conclusion, the proportion of 90% of the training data gives the best performance in classifying the test data with the highest accuracy. However, using a smaller test dataset may lead to a higher variation in results. Therefore, cross-validation methods or tests with more folds can provide more comprehensive information about the performance of the classification model.


We consider biorthogonal systems of functions on the interval [0, 1] or T which have the same dyadic scaled estimates as wavelets. We present properties and examples of these systems.


Inflammation is important in the etio-pathogenesis of pulmonary diseases such as Cystic Fibrosis (CF), bronchoalveolar dysplasia and asthma, often contributing to severe morbidity and mortality. Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells (hMSCs) are known to have anti-inflammatory potential. Umbilical cord tissue is rich in hMSCs, thus making it a feasible option for anti-inflammatory hMSC therapeutic sourcing. Human Cord Tissue (HCT) derived hMSCs were evaluated for their functional potential to treat inflammation, with the hypothesis that HCT hMSCs secrete products that are anti-inflammatory, and that they alter epithelial cell expression of inflammatory properties as well. Further, these studies begin to identify optimized growth conditions to produce the most potent anti-inflammatory effect from the cord tissue derived hMSCs as well as address donor variability in hMSC sourcing. HCT hMSCs cultured with or without Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or Peptidoglycan (PEP) were analyzed for secreted cytokines using Luminex and for gene expression utilizing RT-PCR and functionality by anti-inflammatory activity on epithelial cell line A549 cells. hMSCs expressed chemokines Interleukin 6 (IL-6), Interleukin 8 (IL-8), Chemokine Ligand 20 (CCL-20), Stem Cell Factor (SCF), and Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein-1 (MCP-1); LPS and PEP enhanced cytokine secretion. hMSCs secreted IL-6, IL-8, Macrophage Inflammatory Protein1-alpha (MIP1a), Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha (TNF-a) and Interleukin 1-beta (IL-1B); with LPS and PEP stimulation following similar trends. HCT hMSCs showed IL-6 and IL-8 increased expression in functionality assay, which could be altered for optimization through changes in media glucose concentration. hMSCs secrete a variety of cytokines and display anti-inflammatory activity, with growth medium and donor variability. Optimization of HCT through growth medium as well as donor sourcing may be important for the development of disease specific therapeutics, but ultimately holds promise as a rich source for hMSCs.


In this study, tumor blood vessels, lymph vessels and peripheral nerve fibers wcrc examined during the proliferation of VX2 carcinoma of the buccal mucosa in domestic rabbits, and have a research on histopathological and neurohistological. VX2 carcinoma of domestic rabbit is an original tumor that has been carried for years transplanted in the thigh muscle of donors in our department. Tumor tissue (non-necrotic) was removed, weighed, and ground in a glass homogenizer, A suspension of 500,OOO tumor cells per ml of 5 percent calf serum in Eaglc's Minimum Essential Medium was prepared. VX2 carcinoma cells were implanted into rabbiVs buccal mucosa, and the domestic rabbits were divided into four groups. Histopathological and neurohistological observations were performed in 5, TO, 15 and 20 days after transplantation. '


In the paper, the reliability of phased active array for satellite-borne SAR is analyzed and it is discussed that using redundancy decision design method can meet with the requirements of the life and reliability of phased active array.


In this work, we are introducing an algorithm that can be used for solving molecular design problems of reactive systems on a property-based platform. The property clustering technique is extended to identify a set of target properties for the components in the system that provides the optimum process performance. Once the property targets have been identified, a molecular design problem can be formulated to identify the potential candidate molecules that meet the targets identified in the previous problem. The molecular design involves the identification of potential molecules possible from the specific types of reactions in the process. To design molecules, a recently introduced concept known as molecular signature descriptors has been used. The molecular signatures can be tailored to track the changes in molecular groups in a molecule resulting from different types of chemical reactions. The changes in the chemical structure can be correlated with the changes in the properties of the molecule. Therefor...


Sir: Herpes zoster is a common disease with an annual incidence of 3 4 per one thousand persons.' Classically, it produces a vesicular eruption and sensory abnormalities in the distribution of one or several adjacent dermatomes. However, the virus may be responsible for five other conditions: encephalitis, myelitis, polyneuritis, segmental muscle atrophy and segmental radiculitis. The first three conditions are rare. Thomas and Howard reported that of 1,210 patients with herpes zoster seen over a ten-year period at the Mayo Clinic, 61 (5 %) were found to have zoster-induced segmental muscle weakness. Only one had myelitis.2 We present the clinical history and findings of a 59year-old man with myelitis following intercostal herpes zoster and report the results of treatment. A right handed caucasian business executive, age 58 years, was admitted to the Neurology Unit, Wayne State University, with the chief complaint of weakness of the right lower extremity. He had developed herpes zoster approximately five weeks previously with vesicles in the distribution of T4 on the right side. His temperature rose to 39 4°C orally at the onset and he had severe pain on the right side of the chest radiating to the spine followed by nausea and vomiting. The family physician treated him with tetracycline. Approximately two weeks prior to admission he developed another small crop of vesicles over the distribution of T8 on the right. One week prior to admission he developed extreme difficulty climbing stairs because of weakness of the right lower extremity and loss of sensation, including temperature perception, which was noted on the left lower extremity. At the same time he developed acute right chest pain radiating to the spine followed by a recurrence of vomiting. He was allergic to penicillin by history, smoked cigarettes until 15 years prior to admission, and had a moderate alcohol intake. Review of symptoms was otherwise unremarkable. At the time of admission he was taking antacids for reflux esophagitis, tetracycline for herpes zoster and erythromycin stearate for an infection in his toe. General physical examination revealed a well developed, well nourished male in no acute distress with a blood pressure of 120/80 mm Hg, pulse 84 per minute and regular, respirations 12 per minute, temperature 37°C orally, weight 90 kg. There were no other abnormalities except for the healing vesicles of herpes zoster. Neurological examination revealed an alert, cooperative male who was oriented in all three spheres. Judgment, recent memory, recall and remote memory were intact. The neck was supple and Kernig's sign was negative. Cranial nerves were within normal limits. Power was normal in the upper extremities. The tone was normal but there was slight weakness in the left lower extremity and severe weakness in the right lower extremity. Coordination was intact. Sensory examination showed that light touch, pain and temperature sensations were lost between T4 and T8 on the right and below T4 on the left. Proprioception was absent below T4 on the right side. The stretch reflexes were normal and symmetrical in the upper limbs, knee jerks were also normal but the ankle jerks were absent. There was a bilateral extensor plantar response. A complete blood count with differential was within normal limits and the sedimentation rate was 8 mm/hour (Westergren). The cerebrospinal fluid was clear and colorless with 11 white cells, all monocytes, protein 0-69 g/l, glucose 4-8 mmol/l, IgG 0 073 g/l, with no growth on culture. There was no significant abnormality on cervical or thoracic myelography. The patient was treated with corticosteroids but continued to deteriorate and by the end of the first week in the hospital he had become incontinent of urine and faeces. The corticosteroids were discontinued and treatment with vidarabine 15 mg/kg iv per day was started. Two days later he suddenly became erythematous, sweaty and drowsy and felt unwell. Treatment was stopped and he soon recovered. Vidarabine was started again at 10 mg/kg iv per day for a further 8 days. A second lumbar puncture showed a clear CSF with 5 RBC, 12 WBC, all monocytes, glucose 3-3 mmol/l, protein 0-35 g/l, IgG 0-031 g/l. The patient began to improve about 8 days after the commencement of treatment with vidarabine. After 12 days' treatment he could walk 50 feet with a cane. The sensation showed marked improvement in both legs. He was discharged one month after admission and was walking well without assistance. He has continued to improve since that time 94 and the only abnormality is a slight spasticity and increase in stretch reflexes in the lower limbs. Since herpes zoster myelitis was first reported in 1876,3 few cases have appeared in the literature. There are no reports of treatment with antiviral agents. Recent findings have suggested that it is mediated by direct viral invasion of the spinal cord and cell lysis.4 Our patient was given vidarabine since this drug is known to be effective in herpes zoster infections.5 We suggest that vidarabine may be useful in the management of herpes zoster myelitis.


In collaborative project-based learning environments, students handle ill-structured challenges and practice socially shared meta-cognitive regulation (SSMR). Transactivity refers to the degree to which students demonstrate a shared engagement and build on each other's knowledge contributions. Prior research has high-lighted the need to investigate SSMR and transactivity systematically. Putting learners in a team and assigning project does not guarantee the success of the collaboration. Collaborating team members may face cognitive and metacognitive issues due to different levels of metacognitive capabilities. To support SSMR and to have teams with a high level of transactivity, we need to understand the shared regulation behavior of team members. Interestingly, the lack of studies in this domain directed us to understand the shared regulation behavior of team members and their transactive interactions. We have conducted two studies which are primarily focusing on qualitative data. To validate and triangulate the claims using another mode of data, we are proposing an additional mode of data i.e. system interaction data. Based on our understanding, further in our research goals, we are proposing a computer-supported learning environment to foster SSMR and a higher level of transactivity. We will try to achieve this through metacognitive prompts as scaffolds for team members. We present the initial work done in this direction and we proposed one additional mode of data. Currently, most of the learning environments are focusing on individual learners, so we are trying to bridge this gap through the proposed system, supporting SSMR & transactivity in a project-based CSCL context. We intend to seek advice on the validity and reliability of our approach to understand SSMR & transactivity and further measure its impact on collaborating teams


http://jpst.ripi.ir Journal of Petroleum Science and Technology 2018, 8(1), 83-97 © 2018 Research Institute of Petroleum Industry (RIPI) ABSTRACT Horizontal directional drilling (HDD) is widely used in soil and rock engineering. In a variety of conditions, it is necessary to estimate the torque required for performing the reaming operation. Nevertheless, there is not presently a convenient method to accomplish this task. In this paper, to overcome this difficulty based on the basic concepts of rock engineering systems (RES), a model for the estimation of rotational torque to operate horizontal directional drilling is presented. The newly proposed model involves seven parameters (axial force on the cutter/bit (P), rotational speed (revolutions per minute) of the bit (N), the length of drill string in the borehole (L), the total angular change of the borehole (KL), the radius for the i th reaming operation (Di), the mud flow rate (W), and the mud viscosity (V)) effective on required rotational torque to operate horizontal directional drilling while keeping simplicity as well. The performance of the RES model is compared with multiple regression models. The estimation abilities offered using RES and multiple regression models were presented by using field data given from nine projects. The results indicate that the RES-based model predictor with a higher coefficient of determination (R2), a smaller mean square error (MSE), a lower root mean square error (RMSE), and a lower mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) performs better than the other models.


Heat flux of electronic equipment shows an increasing trend with the increasing demand for miniaturization and high performance. Low heat dissipation capacity makes it difficult to apply air cooling technology to high heat flux electronic devices in the future. At present, liquid cooling technology is the research hotspot of cooling solutions for electronics, mainly because liquid cooling has the advantages of strong fluidity and high heat transfer coefficient. Several kinds of liquid cooling technologies which can be used for cooling electronic equipment are introduced in this paper, among which micro-channel cooling, spray cooling, jet cooling and immersion cooling are emphasized. The working principle and progress in research of each liquid cooling technology are introduced and analyzed. Finally, the future development direction of liquid-based cooling technology is discussed. The problems in the research direction of liquid cooling technology are pointed out. Some suggestions for further research on liquid cooling technology are put forward.


The development of the tourism industry contributes to global greenhouse gases around the world. According to literature, there exists a critical relationship between tourism development and CO2 emissions. In this context, this paper purposes to investigate how tourism development affects CO2 emissions in China by applying the panel data model based on provincial data over the period 2010 to 2019. The empirical findings are the following: (i) the increase in the number of visitors leads to a reducing effect on CO2 emissions; (ii) the increase in tourism revenues enhances to cut down CO2 emissions. Our results conclude that tourism is considered a green industry in China.


Objective: To retrospectively analyze the efficacy and adverse events of plasma exchange (PE) in the treatment of children with anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (anti-NMDAR) encephalitis. Methods: A retrospective case analysis was conducted on the medical records of plasma exchanges in children with Anti-NMDAR encephalitis in the Blood Purification Room, Pediatric Department, The West China Second University Hospital of Sichuan University between January 2013 and December 2015. The replacement fluid was homotypic fresh frozen plasma. The patients' therapeutic effect and adverse reactions were measured and analyzed. Results: A total of 12 children aged 5-14 years were included in the study. The time from clinical symptoms onset to PE treatment was 12-300 days (mean 61 d). All the patients were given immunoglobulin and high dose methylprednisolone before PE. Each patient received 3-7 sessions of PE, with overall 54 sessions for all the cases. Ten patients showed confirmed effectiveness, with an effective rate of 83.33%. The Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) scores were different before and after PE (P<0.05). Fifteen adverse events occurred in the patients (27.78%), mostly anaphylaxis. Conclusion: PE is well tolerated by children and appears to be beneficial to children with anti-NMDAR encephalitis.


The water forming reaction on palladium studied with work function, photoemission, and mass spectrometry on a hydrogen sensitive MOS structure


The history of exact structural topology optimization will be reviewed and the optimal layout theory of Prager and Rozvany discussed in greater detail. Then some applications of new basic principles of topology optimization will be presented.


The Oxford Handbook of Strategy is a two-volume set on the key subject areas and issues currently under discussion in the field of strategy. It unites a team of contributors who are all authorities on the topic of their chapter. The handbook will be of considerable value to researchers, graduate students, and teachers whose interest in the subject area has advanced beyond that of the traditional textbooks, and to managers and consultants who seek an authoritative, accessible, and up-to-date discussion of the fundamentals of strategy.


Apparatus and method for performing vehicle network bus (12, Fig. 1) the activity of rapid includes nodes (TCU14, Figure 1) having a bus connection to said vehicle network bus. The node (TCU14, FIG. 1), in order to respond to any network bus request before the application is activated, including fast response stacks predetermined message is loaded (24, Fig. 1). Once the application is running on the node, the true stack is the actual message is loaded from the application, as a result, the application thereafter, responding to the network bus requests using the true stack instead of the high-speed response Stack .


Electrical resistance tomography with voltage excitation (ERTv) has been proposed as an alternative approach, aiming to overcome the inherent limitations of conventional ERT with current injection. The use of a voltage source instead of a current source simplifies hardware while increasing the range of conductivity, which can be measured. In addition, this excitation scheme allows acquiring more independent measurements with the same number of electrodes than the conventional scheme. However, there is a major drawback of ERTv system, which is that the resistance of the switching stage and contact impedance have an effect on the measurements and cannot be neglected because they cause measurement errors and reduce the reliability of ERTv systems. In this paper, the impact of the contact impedance and the resistance of the switching stage are assessed. A 4-wire sensing scheme for ERTv is proposed to overcome the limitations.


The corrosion behavior of pure copper in Beijing soil environment was investigated by burying test in nature field for 1, 2 and 2.5 a, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy(EIS), macro- morphology, SEM, XRD and weight-loss method. The results showed that nonuniform general cor- rosion occurred mainly on the pure copper in Beijing soil, with the slight corrosion. The corrosion rate of pure copper nearly decreased linearly with the increase of burying time, while the defects in island-like corrosion product reduced, and the compactness of the corrosion product improved. The corrosion products mainly consisted of Cu2(CO3)(OH)2, CuO·3H2O and CuCl.


Abstract : The mean-camber line of an airfoil may be so designed that the induced velocities resulting from the camber will occur over that part of the airfoil chord along which the induced velocities resulting from the basic thickness form are small. Thus, by a proper combination of mean line and basic thickness form, the critical Mach number of a cambered airfoil may be increased above that usually predicted for an airfoil cambered with a more conventional-type mean line such as the a = 1.0.


Photonic devices integrated within existing state-of-the-art CMOS foundries are subject to many design constraints. In this work we present designs for waveguides, modulators and photodiodes suitable for integration within both bulk- and SOI-CMOS processes.


The recently established Sanderforschungsbereich 606: " Nonstationary combustion: transport phenomena, chemical reactions, technical systems" at the Universitat Karlsruhe in cooperation with the Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, the Universitat Stuttgart, and the DLR Stuttgart aims to improve the fundamental understanding and to further develop advanced combustion concepts, where time dependant processes are relevant. In these concepts premixed combustion is being applied to an increasing extent. In the present habilitation thesis premixed flames are considered resolving their time and space structures, thus omitting both space and time averaging. Experiments show that premixed flames are frequently thin compared to the hydrodynamic scales and may be viewed as a gasdynamic discontinuity separating the fresh mixture from the lighter products. Darrieus (1938 und 1945) and Landau (1944) independently proposed a model of a flame as a gasdynamic discontinuity, which consists of the Euler equations for the inviscid flow on either side of the flame and an ansatz for the flame propagation. In particular they assumed that the flame propagates at a constant speed and that the flows on either side of the flame are related to each other by jump conditions conserving mass and momentum, Markstein (1951) proposed a model where variations of the flame speed occur due to the curvature of the flame. In contrast to the previous heuristic models Sivashinsky (1976) derived a flame speed relation applying strict asymptotic methods. The model is applicable if the Lewis number (ratio of the diffusivities of heat and limiting species mass) is bounded away from unity. The jump conditions of the models by Markstein-, Sivashinsky- and Darrieus-Landau are identical. Finally, Matalon & Matkowsky (1982) derived a flame speed relation, valid for Lewis numbers close to unity, where flame speed is a function of flame stretch. In addition jump conditions where derived, which no longer conserve mass and momentum and which represent perturbative corrections of the Darrieus -Landau jump conditions. In this habilitation thesis tensor algebra is applied to derive a unified model, consisting of a new flame speed relation and new jump conditions, which is applicable for arbitrary Lewis numbers. In appropriate limits the models of Sivashinsky and Matalon-Matkowsky are recovered. Moreover a new distinguished limit allows for larger Lewis number deviations from unity as compared to the Matalon-Matkowsky theory thus bridging the Matalon-Matkowsky and the Sivashinsky theory. Considering shortwave corrugations of the flame not considered previously, results in new terms coupling neighboring flame elements. These terms damp short wave perturbations of the flame surface, and thus in contrast to previous theories the unified theory is applicable when the flame is unstable with respects to shortwave pulsating instabilities. Remarkable is the fact, that the flame speed relation and jump conditions depend on the precise location of the discontinuity surface. When Gibbs (1879) studied the free interface problem of two adjacent immiscible fluids, he made a similar observation. Depending on the choice of the interface an excess surface mass must be assigned to the interface. In contrast to previous theories the surface is chosen to yield a vanishing excess surface mass. This results in substantially simplified jump conditions.


There are dozens of tests an oil chemist has at his disposal for evaluating fresh and used frying oils. These include chemical tests, instrumental methods, physical methods and rapid tests. Not all are applicable to use when evaluating oils used for deep-fat frying. Rather than run the gamut of all the tests available to the oil chemist or quality control technician, this presentation will focus on the different rapid tests that have been developed for the marketplace. These include physical tests, tests that measure physical parameters of the oil, and chemical tests. Tests may be quite simple or complex. The presenter will provide an overview on the different rapid test methods, but will emphasize that it is up to the researcher or the processor to evaluate for themselves whether the technology is something that they can use in their own operations.


For the past two fiscal cycles, states have grappled with unprecedentedly large budget gaps. By the simple arithmetic of fiscal policy, these gaps can be closed with budget cuts or revenue increases. An important question for the policy maker is: Which of these two courses of action is likely to spur further budget gaps in future years? In this paper, I examine this question by looking at state policies and institutions in the decades preceding the budget gaps. I find that state governments that spent a larger fraction of state income – and had done so for many decades – experienced smaller percentage budget gaps in FY2010. On the other hand, states whose per capita spending levels increased the most over the last two decades had larger percentage budget gaps in FY2010. Furthermore, states whose policies permit economic freedom and states with strict balanced budget requirements experienced smaller budget gaps. Taken together, these results suggest that spending restraint, economic freedom, and institutional rules that ensure a strict balanced budget requirement seem to be a more reliable path to fiscal balance than tax increases.


Effluent hazard assessment guidelines were applied to determine the environmental safety of discharged chloroether fractions from a chemical plant effluent. The chloroether fraction was identified as a mixture of pentachloroethers (2,5,6-trichlorohexyl 1′,3′-dichloroisopropyl ether [PCE 1,3] and 2,5,6-trichlorohexyl 2′,3′-dichloropropyl ether [PCE 2,3]), tetrachloropropyl ethers (TCPE; a mixture of l,3,1′,3′-tetrachloroisopropyl ether, 1,3-dichloroisopropyl 2′3′-dichloropropyl ether, and 2,3,2′,3′-tetrachloropropyl ether), 1,2,5,6 tetrachlorohexane (TCH), and related components. The fractions were identified in a toxicity identification evaluation (TIE). The chloroether mixture was acutely toxic between 1.5 and 20 mg/L and had no observed effect concentrations (NOEC) for chronic toxicity from 1 to 3.2 mg/L. Individual chloroether components showed acute toxicity (LC50) from 1.5 to 56 mg/L. Acute toxicity predictions from U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA) structure-activity relationships (SAR) were within a factor of four. Acute to chronic ratios for specific chloroether components were between 3 and 14. Sediment studies showed moderate sorption of TCPE with a log Koc between 2.7 and 2.9. The log Kow was 3.2 for TCPE, and the bioconcentration potential (logBCF) for the mixture was 0.26 mg/L and effects on Gammarus feeding at 0.44 mg/L of the mixture.


Objective To investigate the differential expression and distribution of peroxiredoxinⅠ(Prx I) in normal and osteoarthritic knee cartilage,thus to understand the possible correlation between PrxⅠand the superficial accumulating phenomena of reactive oxygen species(ROS) and chondrocyte apoptosis in osteoarthritis(OA) cartilage.Methods Normal cartilage(NC) was obtained from the normal donors(n=21) and osteoarthritic cartilage was harvested from patients who had undergone total knee arthroplasty(n=21).The overall expression difference of PrxⅠwas compared using Western blot;zonal expression of Prx I inside the normal and osteoarthritic cartilage was detected by immunohistochemistry.Results Overall expression of PrxⅠin osteoarthritic chondrocytes was up-regulated 2.89 fold compared with that of normal cartilage(t=18.34,P0.01).Immunohistochemistry showed that the expression of PrxⅠwas uniformly in the superficial,middle and deep layes of normal cartilage.But in OA cartilage,the expression of PrxⅠshowed significant differences in the three layers.PrxⅠexpression was up-regulated dominantly in chondrocytes of the deep layer,while the expression was slight,even absent in the superficial layer.Conclusions Although the overall expression of Prx I was up regulated,its expression was down-regulated dramatically in the superficial layer,which might be aetiologically correlated with the accumulation of ROS and chondrocyte apoptosis in the superficial layer of osteoarthritic cartilage.


Web Browsers today are of undeniable importance to users. This is because Web Browsers enables the users to access any information available around the world easily. Thus this application development will benefit the users as they can easily acquire any information they desire. To make sure that this application covers all the desired needs , a new technology called Java Swing and JavaMail was used. The development of this application involves three important stages which is the generation of graphical user interface, the web Browser application and development of a program able to display HTML document and other format supported by the GUI and finally the utility and tools for user. This system was developed using the Waterfall Methodology. The Java programming language was used to develop this application, using Borland JBuilder 3.0, the Java Development Kit and others API's Java.


Integrated Raman intensities of bands between ∼0–900 cm−1 have been obtained for molten B2O3 from 288–906 °C. Emphasis was placed on the highly depolarized low‐frequency contour (adjoining the exciting line) which is intense, broad, skewed to high frequencies, and displays a weak, broad, shoulder centered between ∼100–150 cm−1. The total integrated contour intensity from 0–300 cm−1, as well as the peak intensity, obey the one‐phonon Bose–Einstein (BE) relation within 6%. The integrated intensity of the polarized 800 cm−1 boroxol ring (B3O6) line, however, decreases with temperature rise, in quantitative agreement with previous work [J. Chem. Phys. 72, 113 (1980)], and correction using neutron scattering results yields a ΔH° value of 5.0 kcal/mol ring rupture. The low‐frequency contour probably involves nonsymmetric collective modes of very large assemblies, cages, or rings, as well as librations of B3O6 groups (∼100–150 cm−1), and the fact that the BE distribution is obeyed at temperatures for which B3O6 ...


This study was carried out to compare the expression profile of steroid receptors and selected genes associated with cell signaling and proliferation in Mammary parenchyma (PAR) homogenates compared with mammary epithelial cells (MEC) in response to ovariectomy. Prepubertal dairy heifers were randomly assigned to one of two treatments, ovariectomized (n = 7) or sham operated (n = 12) and tissues were harvested 30 d after surgery. Parenchymal samples were snap frozen in liquid nitrogen for total RNA isolation. Samples of MEC were prepared from cryosections of parenchymal tissues using laser assisted microdissection and capture. Coupling two precise technologies like laser capture microdissection and quantitative realtime PCR enabled measurement of transcript abundance in MEC even at a very low level. Data were analyzed using Mixed procedure of SAS and significance was declared at P d" 0.05. The data strongly indicate a disparity in the response to ovariectomy between MEC and PAR tissue and suggest that ovariectomy very strongly impacted the non-epithelial cells in the PAR rather than the MEC themselves.


The paper provides a discussion about the development of information system to increase citizens' mobility. The system is also known as system for infomobility. The following questions are discussed in the paper: the system expediency, main system's features main principles that is used for system development. Additionally, the comparison of existing services that provide infomobility is presented in the paper.


Establishment and implement of courses proved a formeost role in teaching quality and core in major reforming,which literally confronts requiry of quality educafion to present features and functions representing systematical and dynamic process that instantly improving.


Medical errors can occur anywhere in the health care system: Hospitals, clinics, outpatient surgery centers, doctors' offices, nursing homes, pharmacies, or patients' homes. These errors can involve medicines, surgery, diagnosis, equipment and lab reports. When an injury is caused by poor medical care rather than by the underlying disease or condition of the patient, it is known as an "adverse event".


Introduction A Formaldehyde Symposium was held on July 18, 1982 as part of the annual meeting of the American Association of Veterinary Anatomists. The speakers included: Dr. Ted A . Loomis, Professor of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Washington; Dr. HARRY J. BEAULIEU, Assistant Professor of Industrial Hygiene and Environmental Health, Colorado State University; Dr. MICHAEL J. BLACKWELL, Toxicologist formerly with NIOSH; Mr. BILL GABRIEL', Head of Bios Mount Division of Carolina Biological Supply Co; Dr. CALVIN R. FREMLING~, Professor of Biology, Winona State University and Pamela J. Park. Esq., Staff Attorney, Brigham Young University.


PREPARING TO TEACH a course outside one's field of specialty or even continental comfort zone provides a unique if somewhat daunting opportunity. With Western Civilization classes as my teaching experience for entry-level college courses, I approached teaching "The United States Since Reconstruction" with some trepidation. However, after spending time talking with my colleagues in U.S. history and reminding myself of my general teaching and research interests in gender, class, and race/ethnicity, I dug into choosing my texts and carving out my big-picture analysis.' Through the advice of several seasoned colleagues, I chose a wellknown textbook on U.S. history and a primary source reader that allowed my students some breadth in following their own interests in course themes. One colleague, who had just changed his specialty from British to U.S. History, also suggested I try a text that would open up the context of major events beyond national borders. In addition, searching the Internet for other items of interest brought me more ideas for teaching U.S. history with an eye to the world. Armed with A People and a Nation; For the Record: A Documentary History of America; History Lessons: How Textbooks from Around the World Portray U.S. History; and Becoming American, Becoming Ethnic: College Students Explore Their Roots, I began the task of shaping my course.2 The textbook and primary sources helped identify some of the major themes of the class that explored U.S. political, social, economic, and


This paper gives an overview of the mission, the method and the models used in the New Course Freight Transport study (Trendbreuk scenario goederenvervoer). This study describes the transportation of goods in the year 2015, based on a set of environmental preconditions for a 'sustainable development'. The study describes three alternative ways to reach this development. These include: (1) 'Green technology': technical improvements on cars and infrastructure; (2) 'Green logistics': logistical optimalization; and (3) 'Green transport': combined road-rail and road-water transport. An important result of the study is a description of a system concerning the transportation of goods that could be the outcome of a sustainable development. For the covering abstract of the conference see IRRD 862276.


The present research is about studying and analyzing structure, function and performance of universities and their role in the sustainable development of Iran. The main perspective in this article is that despite so much of increase in the quantity of universities and the numbers of students in different areas of study, our universities and higher education centers have been unable to put the society in the path of development. In this article, we have tried to collect data by the use of documentation and fieldwork methods, and techniques of interview and note-taking. Achievements of the study show that universities and higher education centers can be axes of sustainable development; but in Iran, the universities and the higher education centers function weakly and there is no specific attention to research, and the universities and the society are not coordinate with each other. Research is the main foundation of development. Hence, it can be concluded from the findings that there is inconsistency and imbalance between the foundations, elements as well as components of educational system, and, the foundations, elements and components of the social, economic, political and cultural systems. The external factors too, seem to be efficient in this imbalance. The main solution is that until the higher education system is not coordinated with the social system, we will not reach sustainable development.


The eye-catching rule of merchandise packaging was introduced.The way to make merchandise packaging eye-catching was analyzed in the aspects of colors,fonts,structures,and sculpts and from the characteristics of vision psychology.The purpose was to provide reference for better use of merchandise packaging eye-catching rule.


Bacterial DNA expressing unmethylated CpG motifs binds to TLR9, thereby stimulating a broadly protective, innate immune response. Although CpG‐mediated signal transduction has been studied, the scope of TLR9‐dependent gene expression is incompletely understood. To resolve these issues, mice were treated with immunostimulatory CpG oligonucleotides (ODN) and splenic mRNA levels monitored from 30 min through 3 days by microarray. Through the unique application of bioinformatic analysis to these experimental data, this study is the first to describe the complex regulatory networks responsible for TLR9‐mediated gene expression. Current results are the first to establish that CpG‐induced stimulation of the innate immune system proceeds in multiple waves over time, and gene up‐regulation is mediated by a small number of temporally activated "major inducers" and "minor inducers". An additional study of TNF knockout mice supports the conclusion that the regulatory networks identified by our bioinformatic analysis accurately identified CpG ODN‐driven gene–gene interactions in vivo. Equally important, this work identifies the counter‐regulatory mechanisms embedded within the signaling cascade that suppresses the proinflammatory response triggered in vivo by CpG DNA stimulation. Identifying these network interactions provides novel and global insights into the regulation of TLR9‐mediated gene activation, improves our understanding of TLR‐mediated host defense, and facilitates the development of interventions designed to optimize the nature and duration of the ensuing response.


Objective To assess resectability of pancreatic head and periampullary tumors by color Doppler flow imaging.Methods Based on the relationship of tumor to the adjacent vascular structures:superior mesenteric artery(SMA),superior mesenteric vein(SMV),and portal vein(PV),pancreatic Doppler score(PDS) was defined as four graded,that is 1,2,3,and 4.Twenty one patients with pancreatic head or periampullary tumors were examined.The PDS was compared with enhanced CT scanning.Results Patients with PDS of 1,2,3 were resectable (postive predictive value 95.2 %).Patients with PDS of 4 had unrectable tumor (Postive predictive value 97.8 %).Color Doppler flow imaging was more accurate than enhanced CT scanning in assessement of resectability of pancreatic head and periampallary tumors.Conclusion It is an effective method to use color Doppler flow imaging to assess resctability of pancreatic head and periampullary tumor.


The present invention is suitable for parenteral administration, provides a stable liquid formulation of antibodies. Aqueous solution containing a high concentration of therapeutic antibody used for the production of liquid therapeutic preparation is also provided. The present invention also relates to medical applications, a method for manufacturing use and stable liquid formulation of a stable liquid formulation.


According to the inductance of the inductor,the operating region of a Buck-Boost converter can be divided into four parts in the input-voltage versus load plane.The Output Short-circuit Discharged Energy(OSDE)of the converter is analyzed,and it is pointed out that the OSDE is the summation of the energy from the source and the inductor and the energy stored in the capacitor.It is proved that if a Buck-Boost converter is in CCM in case of the lowest input voltage and load resistance,the OSDE in such condition is the highest in the total operating range.If the maximal OSDE is less than the minimum ignition discharged energy,the converter meets the requirement of output intrinsic safety.According to the requirement of electric performance,the minimum inductance and capacitance are obtained,while the maximum value of inductor and capacitor is determined by the requirements of output intrinsic safety.Experiments are made on a prototype with the results in positive to the analysis showing the feasibility of the proposed methods。


General Statement. —Gall stones were observed by Johann Kentman in 1565. They occur at all ages, having been observed in the newborn infant. Ten per cent. of all adult males,125 per cent, of all adult females2and 36 per cent, of the insane3have gall stones. Schroeder of the Strassburg Hospital, says they are found in 4.4 per cent, of all males and in 20.6 of all females, especially if they have borne children. The number varies from a single stone to over eight thousand.4Symptoms are observed in 1 per cent, of those having gall stones. As the surgery of the gall tracts is brilliantly successful and inasmuch as solution of the stones is an illusion, and removal by medicines is seldom successful, an early and correct diagnosis is important, that we may turn them over to a surgeon whom they should consult, in.


Mineraiogical analyses (bulk sediment and <2μum clay fraction) were carried out on the sediment deposits from the abyssal plains of Madeira (NE Atlantic) and Nares (NW Atlantic) ; these deposits were sampled during the ESOPE oceanographie cruise organised by IFREMER. ; In spite of the depth of the basin (5376 m), deposits in the Madeira plain are highly carbonated (40-60%) nannofossil ooze and calcareous mud whereas in the Nares plain (57 95 m deep) sediments are mainly composed by silty clayey muds and silty muds with a unique carbonate episode. Clay phases are in both cases made up of a mixture of illite, smectite, chlorite and kaolinite. Non clay minerals associated with the clay fraction are recorded in the East (very fine-grained quartz) and in the West (amphiboles, feldspars and some quartz). ; After comparison of the results obtained with those from studies from adjacent marine and continentai environments, it is suggested that settling was particularly marked by gravity flows originated from the continental slopes (mainly for the Madeira Basin) and by advective transport processes over long distances (for the Nares Basin). A small part of deposits might be the result of wind-borne transport.


The primary objective of this project was to obtain field of view data from new model passenger cars, multipurpose vehicles, trucks and buses, using the binocular and monocular testing procedures contained in Docket 70-7 (NPRM) and in Alternate Procedures (AP), which were developed by Ford Motor Company. Also investigated were vision points for three direct look-to-rear situations in two passenger cars, one full size and one subcompact. The results indicated an appreciable difference in vision points because of size and configuration of the two cars. Twenty-two passenger cars, seven trucks, and one school bus were tested for forward field of view in each of two proposed methods both using binocular and monocular techniques. The passenger cars were also tested for look-to-rear binocular field of view using the vision points found in the initial look to the rear investigation. Portions of this document are not fully legible.


Key Points Question Could a rapid transition from conservative to aggressive selection of donor recipients for heart transplant be achieved safely? Findings In this pre-post cohort study that included 49 heart transplants performed in the prechange era and 58 heart transplants performed in the postchange era before and after patient selection strategy changes in an advanced heart failure program, recipients had a significantly shorter time on the waiting list in the postchange era compared with the prechange era. Survival at 180 days was not significantly different between the eras (88% in the prechange era vs 90% in the postchange era). Meaning Strategic changes in donor heart and recipient selections may substantially increase the number of heart transplants while maintaining short-term outcomes comparable with more conservative patient selection.


The binuclear "constrained geometry catalyst" (CGC) (mu-CH2CH2-3,3'){(eta5-indenyl )[1-Me2Si(tBuN)](ZrMe2)}2 [EBICGC(ZrMe2)2; Zr2] and the trityl bisborate dianion (Ph3C+)2[1,4-(C6F5)3BC6F4B(C6F5)3]2- (B2) have been synthesized to serve as new types of multicenter homogeneous olefin polymerization catalysts and cocatalysts, respectively. Additionally, the complex [1-Me2Si(3-ethylindenyl)(tBuN)]ZrMe2 (Zr1) was synthesized as a mononuclear control. For the bimetallic catalyst or bisborate cocatalyst, high effective local active site concentrations and catalyst center-catalyst center cooperative effects are evidenced by bringing the catalytic centers together via either covalent or electrostatic bonding. For ethylene homopolymerization at constant conversion, the branch content of the polyolefin products (primarily ethyl branches) is dramatically increased as catalyst or cocatalyst nuclearity is increased. Moreover, catalyst and cocatalyst nuclearity effects are approximately additive. Compared to the catalyst derived from monometallic Zr1 and monofunctional Ph3C+B(C6F5)4- (B1), the active catalyst derived from bimetallic Zr2 and bifunctional B2 produces approximately 11 times more ethyl branches in ethylene homopolymerization via a process which is predominantly intradimer in character. Moreover, approximately 3 times more 1-hexene incorporation in ethylene + 1-hexene copolymerization and approximately 4 times more 1-pentene incorporation in ethylene + 1-pentene copolymerization are observed for Zr2 + B2 versus Zr1 + B1.


The article discusses the organizational and methodological foundations of ensuring economic security at the meso-level and its relationship with the resource potential of the region. The role of the resource potential in socio-economic development of the region is considered. The object of the study is associated with various components of the resource potential of the Rostov region and its economic security. The authors studied the characteristics of the Rostov region in two sections: determining the level of economic security at the mesolevel and assessing its resource potential with establishing the relationship between them on the basis of available official statistical data. The findings on the economic security level in the region are not final. This underlines the necessity for further scientific development, which will logically continue the methods for assessing the economic security of the Russian regions considered in the article.


(75) Inventors: Andrew J. Kalotay, Spencertown, NY Publication Classification (US); Deane Yang, New York, NY (US) (51) Int. Cl. ................................................. G06F 17/60 (52) U.S. Cl. ................................................................ 705/35 Correspondence Address: BURNS DOANE SWECKER & MATHIS LLP (57) ABSTRACT POST OFFICE BOX 1404 ALEXANDRIA, VA 22313-1404 (US) New tools for modeling prepayment of principal by obligors behind asset-backed Securities are provided. The obligors (73) Assignee: Andrew Kalotay Associates, Inc., New are categorized into groups for ordered removal from the York, NY (US) modeling and valuation process according to their refinanc ing efficiency, for instance. These tools can be used in a (21) Appl. No.: 10/309,109 coupled-lattice recursive analysis process to obtain the value of asset-backed Securities Such as mortgage-backed Securi (22) Filed: Dec. 4, 2002 ties and collateralized mortgage obligations.


As individuals we often face complex issues about which we must weigh evidence and come to conclusions. Corporations also have to make decisions on the basis of strong and compelling arguments. Legal practitioners, compelled by arguments for or against a proposition and underpinned by the weight of evidence, are often required to make judgments that affect the lives of others. Medical doctors face similar decisions. Governments make purchasing decisions— for example, for expensive military equipment—or decisions in the areas of public or foreign policy. These issues involve many arguments on all sides of difficult debates. These issues involve understanding the arguments of others and being able to make objections and provide rebuttals to objections. Students in universities deal with arguments all the time. A major purpose of a university education— regardless of subject matter—is to teach students how to read, understand, and respond to complex arguments. The ability to do this makes for highly employable, adaptable, and reflectively critical individuals. We often call the skill of marshaling arguments and assessing them "critical thinking." All universities claim to instill the skill of critical thinking in their graduates and routinely note this in their advertising and promotional documents.


There are many nocuous factors in the working environment in cast iron foundries, such as noise, vibrations and dust, over and above the threshold limit values. The occupational risk factors have a complex effect upon the health and working capacity of the workers. Subject of this investigation are 398 people working in a cast iron foundry, exposed to occupational noise and vibrations. The following tests were performed: full ORL examination, a full audiometric threshold and above threshold examination, a full otoneurological test and carniocorpography. Functional changes in the inner ear were observed as either isolated impairments of the hearing organ or a combined impairment of both the hearing and vestibular organs. Damage to the vestibular organ is more pronounced after the combined impact of occupational noise and vibrations with whole body impact. Diagnostic and work fitness assessment issues were discussed.


Proprioception has been defined as the sense of limb geometry (position sense) and limb motion (kinesthesia). Proprioceptive deficits affect more than half of stroke survivors and can lead to significant problems with balance, coordination, and performance of activities of daily living. Unfortunately, clinicians are faced with significant challenges to measure proprioception accurately, because clinical assessments of proprioception have been identified as insensitive, unreliable, and subjective. We commonly see patients after stroke who are unable to perform activities of daily living, such as brushing their hair, or reaching for a cup; yet current clinical assessments make it difficult to discern whether the underlying problem is a result of damage to the motor system, sensory system, or both. The current situation in stroke rehabilitation is problematic, because poststroke proprioceptive deficits are recognized as important and exceedingly common, but there is limited ability to identify their nature or magnitude accurately. The use of robotic technology to advance stroke recovery and rehabilitation is a rapidly developing field. Work from many groups has shown much promise for stroke rehabilitation through robotics. As well, a growing area of research is the use of robotic tools to quantify sensorimotor dysfunction poststroke. Robotics promise increased precision and accuracy of measurement, in addition to better reliability compared with standardized observer-based ordinal scales. Work from our group has detailed the success of using robotic technology to objectively identify and assess position sense deficits. We have found that position sense deficits occur in ≈50% of stroke patients. However, the incidence and severity of kinesthetic deficits is largely unknown after stroke. Although many rehabilitation clinicians suggest that intact kinesthesia is important for recovery, there are few standardized ways to assess it. By developing techniques to quantify and assess kinesthesia, we will be better able to develop and monitor rehabilitative strategies directed at individuals who display predominantly kinesthetic and proprioceptive deficits. We hypothesize that stroke may result in significant kinesthetic deficits that can be reliably quantified using robotic technology. Background and Purpose—Kinesthesia, the sense of body motion, is essential to proper control and execution of movement. Despite its importance for activities of daily living, no current clinical measures can objectively measure kinesthetic deficits. The goal of this study was to use robotic technology to quantify prevalence and severity of kinesthetic deficits of the upper limb poststroke. Methods—Seventy-four neurologically intact subjects and 113 subjects with stroke (62 left-affected, 51 right-affected) performed a robot-based kinesthetic matching task with vision occluded. The robot moved the most affected arm at a preset speed, direction, and magnitude. Subjects were instructed to mirror-match the movement with their opposite arm (active arm). Results—A large number of subjects with stroke were significantly impaired on measures of kinesthesia. We observed impairments in ability to match movement direction (69% and 49% impaired for leftand right-affected subjects, respectively) and movement magnitude (42% and 31%). We observed impairments to match movement speed (32% and 27%) and increased response latencies (48% and 20%). Movement direction errors and response latencies were related to clinical measures of function, motor recovery, and dexterity. Conclusions—Using a robotic approach, we found that 61% of acute stroke survivors (n=69) had kinesthetic deficits. Additionally, these deficits were highly related to existing clinical measures, suggesting the importance of kinesthesia in day-to-day function. Our methods allow for more sensitive, accurate, and objective identification of kinesthetic deficits after stroke. With this information, we can better inform clinical treatment strategies to improve poststroke rehabilitative care and outcomes. (Stroke. 2013;44:00-00.)


The work focuses on mathematical modeling of light influence mechanisms on chlorophyll a content in microalgae biomass. The well-known qualitative models are based on concepts
 of synthesis and photodestructive oxidation of chlorophyll a, however the later for some microalgae species seems doubtful. We proposed an alternative approach
 to modeling the light-dependent chlorophyll a content in microalgae biomass. The basic model is based on generally accepted two-stage photoautotrophic growth
 of microalgae. At the first stage, during photosynthesis a reserve part of biomass is formed, from which the biosynthesis of cell structures occurs at
 the second stage. Three partial solutions of the basic system of equations describing the dependence of chlorophyll a content on the external light
 intensity are considered for various limiting conditions. Due to the equality of specific growth rates of formation of reserve and structural forms
 of biomass, the equations obtained can be used only for turbidostat cultures. Verification of the obtained equations for Arthrospira platensis
 allows us to estimate kinetic coefficients, the values of which are generally in good agreement with theoretically calculated ones. For approximate
 calculations, a simple equation is proposed that shows a good agreement with experimental data for Tetraselmis viridis
 (R2 = 0.98), Dunaliella tertiolecta (R2 = 0.92) and describes the results for Sceletonema costatum
 and Chlorella vulgaris (R2 = 0.8) quite well. Chlorophyll a refers to structural forms of biomass.
 The proportion of chlorophyll a in the structural biomass is about 2.5–3.5 %, it is a species-specific parameter.


Linear-Time Construction of Suffix Trees We will present two methods for constructing suffix trees in detail, Ukkonen's method and Weiner's method. Weiner was the first to show that suffix trees can be built in linear time, and his method is presented both for its historical importance and for some different technical ideas that it contains. However, lJkkonen's method is equally fast and uses far less space (i.e., memory) in practice than Weiner's method Hence Ukkonen is the method of choice for most problems requiring the construction of a suffix tree. We also believe that Ukkonen's method is easier to understand. Therefore, it will be presented first A reader who wishes to study only one method is advised to concentrate on it. However, our development of Weiner's method does not depend on understanding Ukkonen's algorithm, and the two algorithms can be read independently (with one small shared section noted in the description of Weiner's method).


A fixed celioscope sleeve belongs to the medical appliance, comprising a main sleeve body, an air inlet tube arranged at the back end of the main sleeve body, characterized in that; the main sleeve body comprises a front air sac, a back air sac, a front air sac ventilating tube and a back air sac ventilating tube for filling gas and communicated with the front air sac and the back air sac and a through hole is opened on the front end tube wall of the main sleeve body and the communicated with the inner cavity of the main sleeve body. The fixed celioscope sleeve can effectively prevent the sleeve from emerging outside from the human body, sliding inside and entering into the abdominal cavity deeply, so as to prevent operation risk.


Increasing the viable bacteria counts of lactic acid bacteria in the medium and cutting down cost of medium production were the key of developing feeding lactic acid bacteria agent.The fermentation medium and fermentation parameters of Lactobacillus plantarum cultured in cassava lees liquid were optimized by single factor and orthogonal experiment method.The results showed that the optimum medium of Lactobacillus plantarum including cassava lees liquid 97.75%,molasses 2%,yeast extract 0.25%,pH5.5 and the optimum fermentation parameters were shake cultivation at 7℃,120 r/min for 24 h.In the end of culture,viable bacteria counts of Lactobacillus plantarum was up to 49.0 × 108 cfu/ml,which was 2.41 times of that before optimizing,and 35% higher than in the MRS medium.The results showed that it was feasible to culture Lactobacillus plantarum using cassava lees liquid.


The invention discloses a foot pedal pleasure boat, which belongs to the field of water recreation facilities, and mainly solves the problem of the boat capsizing potential safety hazard of the current foot pedal pleasure boat. The foot pedal pleasure boat comprises a boat hull, wherein a plastic plate is arranged on each of two sides of the boat hull, and the plane of each plastic plate is parallel to the horizontal plane. Foams are arranged on the plastic plates. The plastic plates form acute angles with the boat hull backwards. Because of the plastic plates, the contact area between the boat hull and the water surface is increased, and the center of gravity of the boat hull is lowered to ensure that the boat is not likely to capsize. The foams increase the buoyancy force of the boat hull in water, so that that the safety of the boat is increased; and the plastic plates are arranged to form acute angles with the boat hull, so that the traveling speed of the boat hull can not be influenced after the plastic plates are arranged on the boat hull.


Feature selection is an important component of text categorization. This technique can both increase a classifier's computation speed, and reduce the overfitting problem. Several feature selection methods, such as information gain and mutual information, have been widely used. Although they greatly improve the classifier's performance, they have a common drawback, which is that they do not consider the mutual relationships among the features. In this situation, where one feature's predictive power is weakened by others, and where the selected features tend to bias towards major categories, such selection methods are not very effective. In this paper, we propose a novel feature selection method for text categorization called <i>conditional mutual information maximin</i> (CMIM). It can select a set of individually discriminating and weakly dependent features. The experimental results show that CMIM can perform much better than traditional feature selection methods.


The greenhouse soil is different from uncovered soils.Because of its inner high temperature,little exposure to rainwater leaching, intensive evaporation,and fertilization,salts,dominantly nutrient salts,accumulate steadily in the top soil,thus leading to secondary salinization, compactness,acidification,and some other ecological problems in the soil,which in turn trigger a variety of physiological barriers in the plant. Moisture content,however,is one of the factors stimulating the above change most,especially in greenhouse soil.As a carrier for other solutes, moisture not only affects the process of water balancing and salinity accumulating but also determines the course of soil degradation and agriculture non-point pollution.So,based on the analysis of studies at home and abroad,the status of the research in this field was evaluated objectively,starting from the researches on theory of soil water-salt movement in open fields and in greenhouses,and problems and outlook of the study was discussed.


In Japan, the Engineering Research Association for Superconductive Generation Equipment and Materials (Super-GM) has been conducting R&D since FY 1988 on 70-MW class model machines in an effort to realize a 200 MW class pilot machine commissioned as part of the Moonlight Project 'Development of Superconductivity Technology for Application to Power Apparatuses'. The authors describe the recent development of superconducting generators in Super-GM. It is noted that the R&D on superconducting generators by Super-GM which started in FY 1988 is progressing from the research stage of element techniques to the verification of manufacturing techniques using various partial models such as field winding models, multi-cylindrical rotor, damper model, air-gap armature winding, rotating cooling model, and helium transfer coupling. >


Study Design This case report presents a patient with ureter injury after anterior spinal fusion and its management. Objectives To present possible causes, symptoms, diagnostic approach, and management of this rare complication. Summary of Background Data The reported complications of anterior surgical approaches to the lumbar sqine have been predominantly vascular or neurologic. The susceptibility of the ureter to injury is emphasized by the description of an as‐yet‐unreported case of ureter laceration after anterior lumbar fusion. Methods Ureter injury was diagnosed using computed axial tomography, ultrasonography‐guided aspiration, and chemical analysis of the aspirate after anterior spinal fusion. Results Early diagnosis of this injury prompted a ureter stent placement and prevented additional deterioration of renal function and infection. Conclusions The ureter is prone to injury if not identified and protected when sharp and pointed instruments are used for retraction. Abdominal mass, low‐grade fever, and leukocytosis should prompt use of computed tomography or ultrasonography‐guided aspiration.


Seals have always played an important role in the ancient Near Eastern cultures. The Hebrew seals form part of the multi-branched family of West-Semitic seals which have much in common in script, language and onomasticon, and of which they constitute by far the largest group. Seals figure prominently in biblical narratives and imagery, both functional and metaphoric. The Hebrew seals under discussion comprise actual seals, their impressions on clay bullae, and impressions on pottery jars. The most important group of Hebrew seals are the official seals belonging to functionaries in the royal administration. Three of the finds are of particular interest. One is a seal of the province of Yehud with which the jars were stamped. The other find is a bulla belonging to "Elnatan the governor"; and the third is again a seal belonging to "Shelomit, maidservant of Elnatan the governor". Keywords: ancient near eastern cultures; biblical narratives; Hebrew seals; royal administration; west-semitic seals


ARTICLE INFORMATION ABSTRACT Original Research Paper Received 04 January 2016 Accepted 05 February 2016 Available Online 22 February 2016 In this research, the use of the exact difference method forcing scheme in the pseudo-potential multiphase model is suggested for the simulation of a droplet impact on a thin liquid film at a density ratio of 1000, and the effect of inertia, surface tension, and gravity forces are considered by means of their corresponding non-dimensional numbers (i.e. the Reynolds, Weber, and Bond numbers). For this reason, the Palabos open source software is modified by implementing the exact difference method in it. The results of our simulations in different Reynolds and Weber numbers show that the Weber number has a slight influence on the crown layer radius, meanwhile, the Reynolds number has a direct effect on the crown radius. The crown height is increased with an increase in the Reynolds and Weber numbers. Furthermore, the comparison between the pseudopotential model simulations and the free-energy model show that the crown shape is related to the surface tension; in addition to the nondimensional numbers and with a noticeable increase in surface tension the crown tip becomes bigger. The influence of the gravity force is investigated through the Bond number. According to the results, the crown height is noticeably affected by the Bond number. When the Bond number decreases, the crown radius and height increase. Therefore, the proposed model with the potential of being used for multiphase problems with large density ratios while producing a low spurious current could be utilized for a wide variety of other multiphase problems as well.


Document management systems are very different to traditional database applications because the user is dealing with document not data. By their very nature, documents are owned by end users and for a DRM (Document Routing Management) system to be effective it must continue to deliver documents to where they can be od use. Of course, the real solution lies in integrating both document and data into the workflow environment. Creating a single user interface across multiple data and document storage areas allowing ad hoc use in the essence of a truly effective workflow system


In this study, we present a series of solvatochromic phenyl-benzothiadiazoles that display dual emission from the locally excited (LE) and intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) excited states. The donor-acceptor derivatives are highly sensitive to polarity changes, which can be monitored by differences in emission efficiency, spectroscopic shifts and variations of the LE/ICT ratio. One of the compounds in the series, containing a thiomethyl substituent, emerged as an excellent blue emitting stain for intracellular lipid droplets, a biomarker for various types of cancer. In addition, a non-emissive nitro derivative becomes fluorescent upon bioreduction in hypoxic cancer cells and accumulates in lipid droplets with a high signal-to-back-ground ratio.


460 that are consonant with basic principles and approaches within Green scholarship, are very timely. One of the most significant contributions this book makes to the literature on global environmental politics is its attention to a question, which, after having read the book, appears as absolutely fundamental, namely what causes environmental degradation. This question has of course been asked by many IR scholars interested in global environmental protection. Furthermore, as Paterson notes, many attempts to answer it have been made. What I now find striking is the speed with which authors—and I include myself among them—proceed from the question of causes to the question of solutions. Even those who do not agree with Paterson's diagnosis of the underlying causes of global environmental change will benefit immensely by taking the time to seriously reflect on this matter.


Replacing the definition, a new method is predented in order to show whether a function is belongs to the class (p,q)-Ho(I) of functions . : R I f →


Combination of wind hybrid energy system and solar photovoltaic (PV), are essential in power system stability. Both of this systems can operate and gain more stability rather than each of that system work alone. The main objective of this project is to analyze the performance of combination of both system which is Solar Photovoltaic PV generator and Wind Turbine generator is connected with grid network. Thus, solar Photovoltaic PV and wind turbine generator is designed and connected to grid network that consist of 14- bus and tested in the Power System Analysis Toolbox (PSAT) and simulated by using MATLAB Simulink. Simulation results show that the hybrid generation system with combination of wind and solar PV can keep and optimize the stability of the system at desired level under the condition of wind and solar variation


Abstract The trans-esterification and esterification of waste vegetable oil mainly under sub-critical temperature of methanol in the presence of sulfonated char were achieved. The carbonaceous materials were analyzed by means of various physical and chemical techniques such as Raman spectroscopy, X-ray diffractometry, temperature programmed desorption and X-ray photoelectrons spectroscopy. The carbon-based large-acidity catalyst showed good chemical and thermal properties and a high performance in the production of methyl esters from waste vegetable oil, which was easily separated from the liquid mixture. A temperature of 210°C, reaction time of 20 min and a catalyst amount of 0.03 g were the optimal experimental conditions for the trans-esterification of the vegetable oil with methanol giving a conversion to triglycerides of 96.5% according to the response surface methodology. The design of experiments type Box-Behnken was successfully applied to study effects of the parameters in the production of biodiesel and it presented optimal conditions for maximum performance with values near to those experimentally found. The catalyst was recovered from the final mixture by filtration and reused without regeneration showing a catalytic activity stable up to 4 or more reaction cycles.


To explore the procedures for creating a classic large animal model that mimics the chronic dis-ease progress of hepatic fibrosis and cirrhosis in human subjects.Fifteen adult cross-bred dogs were divided into two groups: the normal control group(n=5) received intraperitoneal injection of normal saline and nor-mal diet,and the experimental group(n=10) were administered 50% CCl4 in vegetable oil by intraperitoneal injection and high fat diet.Every 4 weeks after injection,blood samples in all animals were collected and analyzed to monitor the liver function and serum markers of liver fibrosis.Additionally,ultrasound-guided liver biopsy was performed for HE and Masson staining.Different degree of liver cirrhosis in subjects from the experimental group was successfully induced at the end of 56 week.The serum level of alanine amino-transferase(ALT),aspartate aminotransferase(AST),globulin(GLB),total bilirubin(TBIL),γ-glutamyl trans-ferase(GGT) and hyaluronic acid(HA) in the experimental group were significantly increased relative to the control group(P0.05).A chronic hepatic fibrosis and cirrhosis animal model could be established in Chi-nese rural dog by a method of combining CCl4 injection in low dosage and pure high-fat diet administration.This method showed a high rate of model duplication and yielded low subject mortality,which would provide a favorable foundation for the related studies in the future.


The invention relates to an apparatus, a method and an application for determining a current load levels (36, 36A, 36B, 36C, 36D) of a user. The apparatus and method includes a mobile terminal (1) generating at least one signal data (31) sensor (2), a plurality of standard applications (5) for use by the user and an execution unit (3) for executing a additional application (6) has, as well as an evaluation unit (13, 6). According to the invention it is provided that the mobile terminal (1) has an application which is designed as a further application (6), and a plurality of biometric data (33) to the user from the signal data (31) and from used by the user Standard applications (5) extracted and the evaluation unit (13, 6) is available, and that the evaluation unit (13, 6) the current load level (36, 36A, 36B, 36C, 36D) of the user from the transmitted biometric data (33) determined.


Long-term continuous operation or high-rate charging and discharging processes generate a lot of heat in lithium-ion batteries. This can cause a rise in battery temperature, resulting in battery performance deterioration. The battery thermal management system (BTMS) increases the battery performance by keeping the temperature within an optimum range. In this study, a hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) system is developed for the verification of the designed temperature prediction algorithm. Since it is important to evaluate the performance of developed algorithms in real-world applications. In this work, a platform is developed to collect data from all sensors, store it on a computer, and then feed it into a temperature prediction algorithm. The MATLAB environment is used to compute and predict the surface temperature of the battery. To test the performance of real-time temperature prediction, normalized mean absolute error (NMAE) was chosen as the error metric. The demonstration of real-time temperature prediction is shown in a discharge test with 2C-rate and NMAE is computed as 1.7352 %.


The experimental development and evaluation of infrared vidicons for use in solving high precision high flux broadband astronomical problems are discussed. Data cover the EOS, silicon, and doped germanium vidicons. Results are graphed and problems encountered using the vidicons in electrical cameras are reported.


The infrared spectra of the dialkylphosphinic chlorides are given. The presence of two P-Cl absorption bands is attributed to rotational isomerism.


In recent years there have been extensive experimental searches for bond selectivity. However, actual energy localization has not been achieved due to very fast intramolecular vibrational relaxation (IVR). We have recently reported [Zhu, Thrush, and Robiette, Chem. Phys. Lett. 150, 181 (1988)] the spectrum of (3000) stretching overtone band of germane near 6130 cm−1 in which the transition exhibits striking pseudosymmetric‐top structure. A detailed analysis is presented here. The P, Q, and R branches with J up to 10 were assigned, and molecular constants of (3000) state were derived for 74GeH4, 72GeH4, and 70GeH4. The results indicate that the (3000) state of germane is very near the local mode limit and that physically the molecule can be thought of as vibrating with the three GeH stretching quanta localized in one bond. Since there are no strong couplings between this state and any other state, the energy will only be slowly delocalized by the IVR process.


This paper high lights the role of Evidence Based Policing (Using Randomized Control Trials) enhance policing legitimacy and credibility in India and to de-politicize the same. It draws upon comparative research from the global north and questions the reasons inhibiting the growth of EBP in India.