Objective To study the relationship of cytochrome P-450 1A1(CYP1A1) and glutathione S-transferase M1 (GSTM1) polymorphisms with occurrence of lung cancer.Methods PCR-RFLP was used to determine genetic polymorphisms of CYP1A1 and GSTM1 in 103 patients with lung cancer and 138 healthy controls.Logistic regression analysis was used to assess the value of odds ratio (OR) and confidential intervals (CI) between different genotypes and smoking after adjusted by ages and gender.Results The allele frequencies of CYP1A1 M1 were 27.6% and 42.7% in control and lung cancer groups,respectively.The allele frequencies of GSTM1 deletion were 44.2% and 61.2% in control and lung cancer groups,respectively.OR for the CYP1A1 (B) or (C) genotype indicated 3.19 and 2.61-fold increased risk for developing lung cancer.The adjusted OR of the GSTM1 deletion genotype showed a 2.09-fold increased risk for lung cancer.Both associations were statistically significant.The increased risk for developing lung cancer was 5.72 folds for the individuals with combination of the CYP1A1(B or C) and GSTM1 deletion genotypes.CYP1A1 M1 and the GSTM1 deletion genotypes increased risk for developing small cell carcinoma and squamous carcinoma,significantly.Conclusion The mutant genotypes of the CYP1A1 M1 and GSTM1 deletion polymorphisms are the risk for lung cancer.CYP1A1 M1 and GSTM1 interact obviously,both of which have the joint effect with smoking.


The free contraction norm (or the (t)-norm) was introduced by Belinschi, Collins and Nechita as a tool to compute the typical location of the collection of singular values associated to a random subspace of the tensor product of two Hilbert spaces. In turn, it was used in by them in order to obtain sharp bounds for the violation of the additivity of the minimum output entropy for random quantum channels with Bell states. This free contraction norm, however, is difficult to compute explicitly. The purpose of this note is to give a good estimate for this norm. Our technique is based on results of super convergence in the context of free probability theory. As an application, we give a new, simple and conceptual proof of the violation of the additivity of the minimum output entropy.


Aim of the study: Determination of quantitative radiological indicators of myocardial revascularization effectiveness in patients with coronary artery disease in the early postoperative period. Materials and methods of research: For the implementation of the clinical objectives, 62 patients with coronary artery disease, heart failure, with preserved systolic function and systolic dysfunction were examined in the early postoperative period (up to 7 days). The patients' age ranged from 40 to 79 years, the average age of the examined was 59.6 ± 8.2 years. 35 (56%) patients had HF with LV systolic dysfunction with EF of 49% or less.


Abstract : The new world disorder has created new challenges and brought old ones to the forefront for European security. To be sure, some of the traditional Cold War security agendas are still with us and still important; Confidence and Security Building Measures (CSBMs), conventional force reductions and arms control programs are ongoing. However, the search for a post-Cold War security regime has presented Europe, both East and West, with challenges that have much broader foundations and potential to shape the future of the continent. The purpose of this paper is to define these dilemmas and try to discern what is now realistically achievable for pan-European security.


Potassium and sodium metabolism in erythrocytes of healthy persons and patients with cardiac insufficiency was assessed. The rate and nature of potassium and sodium exchange in patients with cardiac insufficiency depend on the degree of hemodynamic disturbances and the treatment employed. It is recommended that investigations of this type be carried out as a supplementary test for the evaluation of cardiac insufficiency, and the indications and the effectiveness of treatment with hormonal and diuretic preparations. (auth)


The thermodynamic analysis and experiments of inclusions formation in a Ti-Al-O system in molten steel at 1 873 K were investigated. The results show that in the Ti-Al-O system the equilibrium between Al and O can be obtained instantly and the content of [O] is determined by the amount of Al. The formation of composite inclusions in the Ti-Al-O system depends on aTi/aAl values. According to thermodynamic data,the stable section in the phase diagram of composite inclusions (Al2O3-Ti3O5-Ti2O3) in the Ti-Al-O system was calculated. The composition of inclusions changes from Al2O3 to Ti3O5 as the aTi/aAl value increases. When the molten steel contains high amount of [O],it is very easy to form Ti3O5 inclusions. The experimental results agree well with thermodynamic data.


The analysis of implication in "MuDanTin" will help readers to get a deeper understanding on this work,the author and even the relationship between them .This paper will discuss two sides of the implication by drawing support from the psychoanalysis theory. One is the affirmation of libido ,the other is the exaggeration of the ego-instincts.


In this work, improvement of final segmentation results is aimed by evaluating spatial relations in the segmentation of histopathological images. In the first step features are extracted using Haralick texture descriptor in the La*b* color space for pre-segmentation of histopathological images. Some training sets with different number of samples are obtained by cellular and extra-cellular structures in images and classifier models are formed by these training sets using support vector machine (SVM) and random forest methods. To improve the accuracies of pre-segmentation results obtained by supervised learning methods, spatial information must also be considered. In this purpose, hidden Markov random fields methods is used to ensure the regularization of pre-segmentation results.


With fierce competition in insurance market,we consider a competitive n-dimensional risk model.Two different types of ruin probabilities are defined for insurance market.In terms of some results of classical risk model and the property of conditional expectation,the expression of two types of ruin probabilities for insurance market and every insurance company are obtained.


Report presenting an investigation at subsonic, transonic, and supersonic speeds of the effect of lip shape on drag, pressure recovery, and mass flow of a nose-inlet air-induction system. Four lips of varying degrees of bluntness were tested on a fuselage model at a range of Mach numbers and angles of attack. Results regarding pressure recovery, net drag, and analysis are provided.


The article is devoted to the development of the functional lD model of the Coriolis flowmeter based on the results of solving the electromagnetic problem of the excitation system and the results of the modal analysis of the finite element model of the measuring tubes. The computational modal analysis is performed and the modal characteristics of the mechanical subsystem, which is a three-dimensional finite element model of the measuring tubes of the flowmeter, are determined. With the ANSYS Maxwell package the electromagnetic excitation subsystem was calculated (coil and permanent magnet) and the tabular data of the electromagnetic force between the magnet and the coil, as a function of the distance between them and the magnitude of the current have been obtained. These tabular data are input data to the creation of the associated calculated functional lD model in the Siemens Amesim Imagine. Lab package. Amesim helped to solve the problem of forced vibrations of measuring tubes under the action of excitation forces from the drive coil and the central magnet. The calculated velocities of the pickoff coils and side magnets obtained as a result of calculating the lD model in Amesim were used to solve the problem in the ANSYS Maxwell package for estimating the electromotive force (EMF)of the pickoff coils by which the phase shift and the flow of liquid through the flowmeter are determined.


The notorious `measurement problem' has been roving around quantum mechanics for nearly a century since its inception, and has given rise to a variety of `interpretations' of quantum mechanics, which are meant to evade it. We argue that no less than six problems need to be distinguished, and that several of them classify as different types of problems. One of them is what traditionally is called `the measurement problem' (here: the Reality Problem of Measurement Outcomes). Another of them has nothing to do with measurements but is a profound metaphysical problem. We also analyse critically Maudlin's (1995) well-known statement of `three measurements problems', and the clash of the views of Brown (1986) and Stein (1997) on one of the six measurement problems, concerning so-called Insolubility Theorems. Finally, we summarise a solution to one measurement problem which has been largely ignored but tacitly if not explicitly acknowledged.


The article discusses the prospects for the development of rail transport of the Russian Federation in the global container market. Also presents the basic control technology competitiveness of railway transport based on the process approach.


The research investigated the possibility of producing acceptable fermented sweet potato (Ipomea batatas L.) flour. Raw sweet potato was size reduced, fermented (submerge) for 72 hours, drained, dried and milled to produce fermented sweet potato flour. The proximate composition of the final fermented flour was determined and compared with that of the raw sweet potato. The result revealed that the crude protein (4.27%) and carbohydrate (84.81%) contents of the fermented sweet potato flour were significantly higher (P ≤ 0.05) than in the raw sweet potato which were 1.86% and 31.11% respectively. Also, the fat, crude fibre and ash contents of the fermented flour were significantly lower (P ≤ 0.05) than in the raw sweet potato which were 0.21%, 0.06% and 1.78% for fermented sweet potato flour as against 0.59%, 0.73% and 2.52% for the raw sweet potato flour. During the fermentation period, the microbial profiles of the fermenting medium increases with increase in time while the pH of the medium decreases with time. Pasting properties of the flour showed that the peak viscosity was attained at 278.67 RVA with pasting temperature of 80.35 °C, pasting time of 5 minutes, final viscosity of 391.58 RVA and breakdown viscosity of 78.53 RVA. The study revealed the nutritional quality as well as the pasting characteristics of the fermented sweet potato flour that has a great influence and implication on its utilization as a food security crop.


Variety is one of the important components that contribute to increasing rice productivity and farm income. The purpose of the study is to obtain high productivity adaptive VUB and increase farmers' income to support organic farming. The study was conducted in Subak Timpag, Kerambitan, Tabanan, Bali Province in 2017 covering an area of 4 hectares using organic fertilizer PTT technology. The varieties used were Inpari 19, 24, 30, 31, 32, 33, and Mekongga as comparison. The variables observed were the components of growth, yield, and farming. Data were analyzed using ANOVA, single factor RAK with seven varieties as treatment with 10 replications. Farming costs and income were analyzed using income analysis and financial feasibility. The results of statistical analysis of several VUB treatments had a very significant effect on some growth and yields. VUB that can adapt well are Inpari 30, 19 and 31 varieties with a productivity of 7.87; 7.30 and 6.85 tons/ha. The average productivity increase is 1.64 tons/ha GKG or an increase of 29.88%. The results of the analysis of the costs used increased by 11.88%, but revenues also increased by 23.11% so that the average increase in income was 34.97% or Rp. 3,400,000.00 per ha, with an increase in the R/C ratio before and after assistance of 0.20 or 10.03%. The application of PTT technology is able to increase lowland rice productivity and can economically increase rice farming income, to support organic agriculture in Bali Province.


It is common to have certain trips short turn--begin or end partway along the route rather than at the route terminus)--in recognition of the characteristic drop in passenger volume at the end of a transit route. Because many passenger demands can be met by a trip following either a full-length or short-turn pattern, schedule coordination between the patterns is essential. Possible schedule coordination modes are described. Algorithms are presented for finding the schedule offset between the patterns that will balance loads and minimize overall cost. It is shown that even when overall capacity exceeds volume on every link, there may still be no schedule for which the trips of one or more patterns are not systematically overcrowded.


Recent studies indicate that Brazilian and international development agencies have included initiatives for funded research projects to present a scientific data management plan for open access sharing. In order to investigate this issue, a research was developed with the following objectives: a) To identify the main financiers of Brazilian research; b) identify if there are institutional policies for open scientific data; c) Analyze policies regarding their character (mandatory or recommendatory), coverage and support. This is an exploratory-descriptive, qualitative study supported by bibliographical-documentary research. Data from the institutions that promote research in Brazil were recovered through the extraction of information from the Lattes Platform, using the scriptLattes tool. As a result, 15 national and 15 international agencies were selected to promote research in Brazil. Information on Policy or Open Data Instruction was located in five national agencies. In relation to the international ones, they were located in nine agencies. As a model, a framework of criteria was used to analyze the coverage of the open funding policies of the UK funders, provided by the Digital Curation Center (DCC) in its electronic portal. The model of the applied study addressed aspects of the characterization of the Agencies that foment the research developed by Brazilian researchers. Its adaptation to different realities, and / or objectives, will depend on the introduction of other variables that act on the interactions, according to the interest of the study.


The experimental study of the low Mach number and high Reynolds number flow around the gap configuration was carried out at TsAGI (Central Aerohydrodynamic Institute, Moscow). Both boundary-layer measurements and acoustic farfield measurements have been made in the experiment. It was found that the farfield acoustic spectra were characterized by a pronounced discrete mode along with the broadband noise.


Simple Summary Recurrent high-grade gliomas are difficult to treat. Here, we report on our single-center experience in combining fluorescence-guided tumor resection with 5-ALA and local thermotherapy with superparamagnetic iron nanoparticles. In total, 18 patients were operated on and received thermotherapy with or without additional radiotherapy. The median progression-free survival was 5.5 months and median overall survival was 9.5 months. Although no major side effects were observed during active treatment, 72% of the patients developed cerebral edema requiring steroid treatment or even surgical removal of the nanoparticles. In conclusion, the combination of fluorescence-guided resection and intracavitary thermotherapy provides a novel and promising treatment option for improving local tumor control in recurrent high-grade gliomas, but further refinements of the treatment protocol are needed to decrease major side effects. Abstract Background: Concepts improving local tumor control in high-grade glioma (HGG) are desperately needed. The aim of this study is to report an extended series of cases treated with a combination of 5-ALA-fluorescence-guided resection (FGR) and intracavitary thermotherapy with superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPION). Methods: We conducted a single-center retrospective review of all recurrent HGG treated with FGR and intracavitary thermotherapy (n = 18). Patients underwent six hyperthermia sessions in an alternating magnetic field and received additional adjuvant therapies on a case-by-case basis. Results: Nine patients were treated for first tumor recurrence; all other patients had suffered at least two recurrences. Nine patients received combined radiotherapy and thermotherapy. The median progression-free survival was 5.5 (95% CI: 4.67–6.13) months and median overall survival was 9.5 (95% CI: 7.12–11.79) months. No major side effects were observed during active treatment. Thirteen patients (72%) developed cerebral edema and more clinical symptoms during follow-up and were initially treated with dexamethasone. Six (33%) of these patients underwent surgical removal of nanoparticles due to refractory edema. Conclusions: The combination of FGR and intracavitary thermotherapy with SPION provides a new treatment option for improving local tumor control in recurrent HGG. The development of cerebral edema is a major issue requiring further refinements of the treatment protocol.


The task of the research was to state the most popular peculiarities of farm management technologies depending on the size of the herd in order to use the research results in calculations of greenhouse gas emissions. The research was performed applying the expert methods based on the farm management technologies as they are closely related to the size of the herd and the kind of the obtained farm manure. The expert method can be applied for research in farm management technologies of different animal species and groups, but in the present article only milk cow management technologies will be discussed as they produce the biggest amount of greenhouse gas emissions. The practice shows that on small farms the cows are tied, on medium farms – either tied or loose, but on large farms – only loose. On the farms where the cows are tied solid litter manure is obtained, but where the cows are handled loose – liquid manure is obtained. Besides, on the farms with a small herd the cows are pastured in summer and in this period manure spread in the pastures is produced. Stating the maximal size of the herd that is pastured and the length of the pasture period as well as the marginal size at which the transition from tied to loose handling takes place and additionally using the statistical data on the total number of cows in the country and the proportion of animals according to the size of the herd, it is possible to state from which proportion of milk cows solid litter is produced and from which – liquid manure. Therefore, the experts were given the task to name the marginal values of the above mentioned technology parameters based on the value intervals stated in advance. Thereupon that the experts had to state only one chosen value, it was not possible to apply the traditional expert evaluation methods and this method had to be adapted in accordance to the existing situation. The research results showed that in Latvia the critical size of the milk cow herd at which the transition from tied to loose handling takes place is 85 cows, the herds that are not larger than 90 cows are pastured but the pasture period lasts in average for 165 days.


In view of the emerging debate on a coordinated‐management perspective for resolving development improvidence, there is now a broadening of the scope of decentralization, emphasising not only vertical restructuring of powers and resources but also analogous horizontal restructuring at the local level to include collaborators outside the government arena. Grounded on this perspective, the present paper examines the process of stakeholder partnerships in urban service delivery, especially on urban environment maintenance service through refuse collection and disposal. The paper is reflective in nature, drawing on a case study of solid waste management processes in Bangalore, India. It examines the characteristic of stakeholder partnership in the delivery of public services, draws insights into the enabling environment and thereupon attempts to identify future interventions to strengthen the delivery of public municipal services. The paper argues that much more needs to be understood if institutional pluralism in local government is to become an effective development strategy.


The photoacoustic spectroscopy has been used to measure the optical absorption of a pair of hydrate isomers of dinuclear copper (II) complexes with 26-membered hexaazamacrocycle. It is found that the absorptions of both isomers in the visible region are quite different, which indicates the diversity of their crystal structures. The result is difficult to be distinguished by conventional optical spectroscopies.


This paper uses a new technique to retrieve effective radius and liquid water path from ground-based IR spectral measurements for thin clouds (optical thickness below 5). The sensitivity to thin clouds is achieved by subtracting the background spectrum, and by matching the difference between cloud-spectrum and background spectrum to a pre-calculated library of differential spectra. It seems that the paper has many figures that are based on calculations, rather than actual data. Out of 24 Figures, only 2 (Fig 23 and 24) show actual data. A figure with a measured sample spectrum, after all the basis for the retrieval algorithm, is missing. Similarly, the instrument itself and its performance, calibration, stability etc. is not sufficiently described. Specific comments


Automatic production line training system is used to simulate the actual process of industrial production. According to the actual needs of teaching instrument market at present, for the purpose of students or staff training, the author designs a practical automatic production line simulation training system. Using Siemens S7-200 PLC as the control core, setting sensors, buttons and lights, power supply module, motors, pneumatic components, mechanical structures for the integration, dividing into feeding, processing, assembly, sorting, robot units, and achieving interconnection between the unit controllers via PROFIBUS. It is used to simulate the various manufacturing aspects of workpieces from raw materials to finished products in the actual industrial production lines. The system covers mechanical principles, pneumatic control technology, sensors, electrical control technology, programmable logic controller and other related knowledge points, supports professional experimental courses of automation, mechanotronics and so on. A series of practical ideas are adopted in the subject. The entire system is fully open, students can have a comprehensive view of the internal wiring situation; freely detachable, can operate under single-station or overall system; supporting secondary development, can be re-build according to the innovation requirements. Copyright © 2013 IFSA.


Core Issue: Communication and interpersonal skills is the number one attribute recruiters look for while hiring business graduates (The Wall Street Journal, 2004). To improve their communication skills further, business students routinely make in-class case presentations. These presentations are typically evaluated by faculty based on their style and substance for a course grade. Judging the substance of a presentation is probably more difficult than judging its style. The purpose of this session is to go into the nuances of evaluating the substance of a case presentation. This will be demonstrated by evaluating the substance of some actual undergraduate student presentations. A rubric that has been used within the management department at the School of Management will be utilized. I will have a one-page summary of a case and some actual student presentations (6 slides-per-page PowerPoint format). While the session focuses on a case presentation, participants in the session will be able to apply the material to a variety of student presentations. At a broad level, theparticipants will: 1) Learn about the rubric that has been used to judge student presentations. It is adapted from the one developed at the university level to assess critical thinking. It is attached to this proposal as a pdf file.2) Develop an awareness of the kind of mistakes undergraduate students make in their casepresentations.3) Learn about the author's "top ten" list of flaws in the substance of student case presentations.4) Improve their ability to give constructive feedback to their undergraduate student presenters.


The rapid development in the digital circuit design enhances the applications on very large scale integration era. Encoders are one among the digital circuits found in all communication systems. The polar encoding is mainly meant for its channel achieving property. It finds its application in communications, sensing and information theory. This coding proposed by Erdal Arikan is significant because of its zero error floors and simple architecture for hardware implementation. In this paper, a folded polar encoder is designed to start from the fully parallel architecture and proceeds with its data flow graph, delay requirement calculation, lifetime analysis and register allocation, which results in a very large scale integration architecture with minimum hardware utilization. The results are simulated for 4 and 8 parallel folded 32-bit polar encoder using Xilinx 14.6 ISIM and implemented in Virtex 5 field programmable gate array. A comparison is made on fully parallel and various folding techniques based on their resource utilization.


The reasons for carrying out oil-and-gas-related investigations in a petroleum province are to find where to look for undiscovered commercial quantities of petroleum and to determine the related risk. To objectively determine risk, what is known should be clearly separated from what is unknown. When the play concept includes both the known and the unknown, however, the explorationist may not always separate these two types of information clearly when discussing risk with management. In contrast, if the petroleum-system concept is used to present only the known, then the play concept can be used to present the unknown. Thus, the play concept used in this manner complements the petroleum-system concept. The paper describes play and prospect, the petroleum system, complementary play, and exploration risk. By using the petroleum-system concept to present known information and the complementary-play concept to present unknown information, risk can be more objectively determined.


In a developing country like Colombia, it is essential to create network strategies to articulate actors and resources to allow the creation of projects and initiatives that achieve a high impact in the society. With the aim of generating a sustainable economy based on knowledge and technology it is necessery the stimulation of innovation ecosystems to enable the flow of information and add dynamism to the cooperation between academia, business, society and the state. Ruta N Business and Innovation Center is promoting and marking milestones in methodologies for the generation of innovation ecosystems in Medellin through a strategy of promoting the culture of innovation and entrepreneurship. Its objective is to connect the society, the academic community and the productive sector to develop projects towards real and an innovative business. In this scenario, nanotechnology has taken the center area in the field of the local ecosystem with a so called Regional Innovation Initiative (IRI) on Nanotechnology. This iniatiative helps converging and networking betwwen various stakeholders and has resulted in the the recent creation of a National Nanotechnology Center. Hatch Indisa has seen the opportunity to be part of this regional ecosystem of innovation and entrepreneurship, and it has found the way to contribute to the execution of technological development and innovation projects through applied engineering. In this way the company is linked with local initiatives of the IRI of nanotechnology and has attained in a short time capabilities to offer services and carry on technological development projects in nanotechnology with different local universities. This report points out the most relevant aspects of the collaborative work developed and sets out the goals and possibilities that are open for the region and for the company as the National Nanotechnology Center becomes a reality. 1 HATCH INDISA S.A. is Projects engineering company from Medellín Colombia,.


Standard textbooks of pediatrics, with few exceptions, 1 either fail to mention actinomycosis or consider it a rare condition in children. 2 I recently saw three such cases and was able to find the records of several additional unpublished cases of the condition in children of 15 years or younger. It is with the idea of calling to the attention of pediatricians the clinical features of this disease that this paper is written. Actinomycosis is a suppurative process combined with the formation of granulation tissues, the pus of which contains characteristic granules composed of dense aggregates of branched filamentous organisms and their products of transformation or degeneration. 3 It was first known as a disease of cattle. 4 Leblanc, 5 in 1826, described a disease in the cattle of France, the most prominent symptom of which was a swelling of the jaw, which he termed osteosarcoma. In 1877, Bollinger 6


ICT are currently one of the keys that define any university policy and are an important part of the concept of innovation in our higher education system. As in others universities, the University of Murcia shows this desire to study and contemplate the possibilities of technologies as elements for change and quality of the institution relatives to teaching, research and administration. In this article we analyze some interesting aspects about the use of ICT in high level. Then we describe some projects that have been successful at our university developed by Vice-Chancellor of Innovation and European Convergence in collaboration with the Vice-Chancellor of Economy and Infrastructure. Also we present some conclusions about ICT competence of university teachers and some suggestions about teachers training in this field.


Applications of anisotropic composite materials range from construction composites to electric circuit boards. Anisotropic conductivity is one of the many important measurands for anisotropic composites for identifying misalignment. However, there are only a few nondestructive, noncontact techniques available. Here, we explore waveguide ellipsometry, a new electromagnetic characterization technique, and its application to conductive anisotropic composites. We demonstrate waveguide ellipsometry and discuss the design and implementation of a novel rotation test head on a robotic arm. To validate our technique, we designed and fabricated test wafers with ideal anisotropic composites consisting of gold stripes on materials with varying sheet resistances. The measurements were compared to full-wave simulations with simulated material properties extracted with the help of composite theory and simple circuit analysis. We found a good match between the simulated and measured complex scattering (S-) parameters for all test wafers fabricated with molybdenum disilicide (MoSi2) and gold stripes. Finally, we map the measured S-parameters to simulated S-parameters with help from composite theory and circuit modeling. Broader impacts of microwave ellipsometry include in-line measurement and conductivity imaging of large-scale and 3-D parts for nondestructive evaluation.


The Internet's penetration into everyday life increasingly reveals the ideological and cultural bases of information provided by, for, and about its users. Analyses of Internet use should accordingly include technology analyses, interactional analyses, and the embedded cultural contexts of the users, the technology, and the information artifacts published on the World Wide Web. This paper analyzes African American online responses to racialized depictions of Black culture and American citizenship following Hurricane Katrina, using W.E.B. DuBois' observations of Black identity as a cultural information framework. Findings indicated that American traditions of race relations between Blacks and Whites shaped online interactions and content generation by African American contributors. Additionally, the heterogeneity of African American online identities employed suggests implications for future digital divide research. Abstract. L'entree de l'Internet dans les habitudes courantes est de plus en plus revelateur des bases ideologiques et culturelles de l'information fournie par, pour et sur ses utilisateurs. Les analyses de l'utilisation de l'Internet devrait de fait inclure des analyses de la technologie, des interactions, des contextes culturels desquels sont issus les utilisateurs, la technologie et les artefacts informationnels en ligne sur la Toile. Cet article analyse les reponses en ligne des Afro-americains aux portraits racistes de la culture noire et de la citoyennete americaine qui ont fait suite a l'ouragan Katrina, en nous basant sur les observations de Dubois sur l'identite noire comme cadre d'information culturelle. Les resultats ont montre que les conceptions traditionnelles americaines sur les relations interethniques entre les noirs et les blancs (Afro-americains et les Caucasiens) faconnaient les interactions en ligne et les contenus des contributeurs Afro-americains. De plus, l'heterogeneite des identites Afro-americaines qui a ete mise en evidence dans les interactions en ligne aura des retombes pour la recherche a venir sur la fracture digitale.


Various types of resonance of the aero-engine rotor blade forced vibration are investigated and mechanisms of vibration occurrence are analyzed. If the regulation of the engine stator adjustable blade arises error,sound waves will take place as the reed vibration and it will change into excitation of blade vibration. When the frequency of sound wave occurred by adjustable blade is the integer time,or the fraction time of a natural frequency of the rotor blade the resonance will occur. In addition,sound waves may cause also the flutter of blades. In both cases the blades can damage.


Abstract: In this survey and co relation type of research the cognitive beliefs and Hemisphericity dominance of undergraduate students was measured using MPEX and Hemisphericity dominance test (HDT test). Co relations were observed amongst Hemisphericity and also amongst the cognitive beliefs as students from First year to Third year were analyzed. Variation of Cognitive Beliefs and Hemisphericity Dominance in Undergraduate Science Students


According to characteristics of grain processing engineering training and teaching experience,the reform and innovative ideas in engineering training were put up,the application of simulation technology in practice teaching of grain processing was analyzed,and problems existing in training were discussed.


In this paper, we present a microstructured optofluidic in-fiber Raman sensor for the detection of quinolone antibiotic residues in water environment based on Ag SERS substrate grown on the surface of the suspended core of micro-hollow optical fiber (MHF). Here, MHF has a special structure with a suspended core and a micro channel inside, which can become a natural in-fiber optofluidic device. Meanwhile, the self-assembled Ag SERS substrate can be grown on the surface of the suspended core through chemical bonds, forming a microstructured optofluidic device with Raman enhancement effect. Therefore, it can effectively detect the Raman signal of unlabeled trace quinolone antibiotic residues (ciprofloxacin and norfloxacin) inside the optical fiber. The results show that the ciprofloxacin and norfloxacin detection limits (LOD) are 10 -10 M and 10 -11 M, respectively. Compared with the maximum residue limit (3.01×10 -7 mol/L) stipulated by the European Union, the results are much lower than it, and an ideal quantitative relationship can be obtained within the detection range. Significantly, this study provides an in-fiber microstructured optofluidic Raman sensor for the label-free detection of quinolone antibiotic residues, which will have good development prospect in the field of antibiotic water pollution environmental detection. © 2020 Optical Society of America OCIS Codes: 000.0000, 999.9999


Reactive behavior is still considered and the exact opposite for the anticipatory one. Despite the advances on the field of anticipation there are little thoughts on relation with the reactive behavior, the similarities and where the boundary is. In this article we will present our viewpoint and we will try to show that reactive and anticipatory behavior can be combined. This is the basic ground of our unified theory for anticipatory behavior architecture. We still miss such compact theory, which would integrate multiple aspects of anticipation. My multi‐level anticipatory behavior approach is based on the current understanding of anticipation from both the artificial intelligence and biology point of view. As part of the explanation we will also elaborate on the topic of weak and strong artificial life. Anticipation is not matter of a single mechanism in a living organism. It was noted already that it happens on many different levels even in the very simple creatures. What we consider to be important for our work and what is our original though is that it happens even without voluntary control. We believe that this is novelty though for the anticipation theory. Naturally research of anticipation was in the beginning of this decade focused on the anticipatory principles bringing advances on the field itself. This allowed us to build on those, look at them from higher perspective, and use not one but multiple levels of anticipation in a creature design. This presents second original though and that is composition of the agent architecture that has anticipation built in almost every function. In this article we will focus only on first two levels within the 8‐factor anticipation framework. We will introduce them as defined categories of anticipation and describe them from theory and implementation algorithm point of view. We will also present an experiment conducted, however this experiment serves more as explanatory example. These first two levels may seem trivial, but growing interest in implicit anticipation and reactive anticipation in last two years suggest that this is worthwhile topic. The simplicity of them is intentional to demonstrate our way of thinking and understanding of the topic. The comparison with other results is possible only when these levels are integrated into the complex architecture, as will be shown below that can also act as standalone.


The use of gantry crane systems for transporting payload is very common in industrial application. However, moving the payload using the crane is not an easy task especially when strict specifications on the swing angle and on the transfer time need to be satisfied. To overcome this problem, an intelligent gantry crane system had been introduced. Fuzzy logic controllers were adopted, designed and implemented for controlling payload position as well as the swing angle of the gantry crane. Fuzzy logic defines rules that determine the behavior of the system using word descriptions instead of mathematical equations also fuzzy logic control algorithms can be used to solve problems that are difficult to address with traditional control techniques. Fuzzy control strategy is proposed to control the stability of crane work. Keyword: Fuzzy logic controllers, Gantry crane system


The White House chief of staff, a job that Sherman Adams pioneered under Dwight Eisenhower, became a permanent fixture of the institutional presidency when Jimmy Carter formalized Hamilton Jordan's position in 1978. Since its emergence in 1953, the position has undergone steady evolution, and expectations about its performance mostly have stabilized. At the same time, the job continues to adapt to the distinctive needs of presidents and presidencies and to the dynamics of U.S. governance. Based on a larger project that seeks to describe and analyze the office of the White House chief of staff over the course of the modern U.S. presidency (Cohen, Hult, and Walcott forthcoming), we here explore how and why the unit has evolved and trace its importance to the conduct of the contemporary presidency. At the same time, we focus on the individuals who have performed this job. Although the office clearly is the hub of the institutional presidency and presidents shape it in specific ways, the people who become chief of staff bring their own talents, interests, and limitations to the position. Chiefs have differed considerably in temperament, their relationships with the president, and the circumstances under which they served. Part of our task has been to tease out whether, how, and why it matters who happens to be chief of staff. In doing so, we take what Jacobs and King (2010, 793) call a "structured agency approach," situating chiefs of staff within "existing ... structures of organizational combat, institutions, and policy." We begin by briefly describing the evidentiary bases for the analysis, followed by the evolution of the position and the office. Then we examine the roles and activities of chiefs of staff, highlighting those who have served presidencies from Ronald Reagan through Barack Obama. Although space constraints necessitate that we deal in conclusions and illustrations, they flow from extensive research (by the authors and others) and numerous data sources. (1) Many reflect the observations of past chiefs of staff and other White House aides (in interviews with the authors, with scholars at the Miller Center, and from the White House Transition Project). Additional information comes from presidential papers, government documents, memoirs, and media reports. Evolution of the Position and Office of Chief of Staff The advent of White House staffing with multiple professionals roughly coincides with most scholars' understanding of the advent of the modern presidency. Nineteenth- and early twentieth-century presidents got along with only one paid professional staffer until Herbert Hoover introduced a four-man top staff in 1929 (Walcott and Hult 1995). (2) Franklin Roosevelt (FDR) had a similar staff until empowered by Congress to add several "administrative assistants" in the late 1930s. Presidents could manage such small staffs (including ushers, gardeners, and messengers, never numbering more than 50) informally, a task at which FDR, in particular, excelled. (3) The White House Office did not increase notably in size until World War II, when it served as a fulcrum for the hastily created units charged with managing the war and the economy during that period. After the war ended, the remnants of these, located in the Office of War Mobilization and Reconstruction, were inloaded into the White House, under the direction of Truman presidential aide John Steelman. Although Steelman's tasks mostly involved administration, he was not fully a chief of staff: he never had authority over the policy staff, headed first by Clark Clifford, then by Charles Murphy. Although the White House had grown significantly, the president still directed its operations. Position of Chief of Staff: From Partisan Learning to Stable Expectations Dwight Eisenhower, with his military background and related emphasis on organization and staffing, initiated the changes in executive management that ultimately laid the foundations for the contemporary White House staff. …


That theatre is performed live is central to its definition, particularly in contrast with non-live performances on film or television. Yet, despite the centrality of the issue, there is little qualitative research asking whether there is indeed a distinct nature to the experience of live performance. This paper employs techniques of discourse analysis to explore empirically originating understandings of how live theatre is constructed as live by audiences today.

The paper first establishes its contextual background – examining prominent challenges to conceptualisations of liveness and looking at possible relationships between language and experience – before describing and analysing the findings of a small‑scale exercise in audience research. Through participant‑directed discussions, the paper reveals the centrality of shared memory, awareness of the human performer and sense of the audience to the experience of theatre and asks to what extent these represent the articulation of a distinct perception of liveness.


Background: Clinical studies have demonstrated that photodynamic therapy (PDT) for hyperplastic dermatosis results in a beneficial outcome. Hypertrophic scar (HS) is a pathological process characterized by fibroblastic hyperproliferation. However, it is unclear whether photochemical interactions between PDT and fibroblasts contribute to a beneficial outcome. To investigate the primary photochemical effects of PDT, we studied the efficacy of 630 nm PDT on human fibroblasts from HS using hematoporphyrin monomethyl ether (HMME) as a photosensitizer.


THE possible adverse effect of microbial tightlock of seed cotton on the spinning quality of the fibers derived from such seed cotton [2] provided the incentive for a field survey to ascertain the prevalence of such tight-lock in South Carolina in 1952. Samples of tight-lock collected during August and September were used to ascertain the infesting fungi and the associated pH values. The data reported in this paper were derived from bolls and locks which showed no sign of insect injury. It was thought desirable to confine this study to tight-lock directly induced by fungi, although there is no reason to presume that the inclusion of abnormal locks from bolls that had been injured by insects would have changed the relative abundance of the several fungi ass reported in Table I, except possibly for those that produced a dark discoloration of the seed cotton.


Seidenfeld, T. (1979), Philosophical Problems of Statistical Inference: Learning from R. A. Fisher, Dordrecht, The Netherlands: D. Reidel. Spanos, A. (1995), "On Theory Testing in Econometrics: Modeling With Nonexperimental Data," Journal of Econometrics, 67, 189–226. (1999), Probability Theory and Statistical Inference: Econometric Modeling with Observational Data, Cambridge, U.K.: Cambridge University Press. Watkins, J. (1984), Science and Skepticism, London: Huchinson.


AbstractA monodesmosidic acetylated saponin (1) and a mixture of two monodesmosidic saponins (2 and 3) have been isolated from a methanol extract of the fruits of Sapindus saponaria. The structures of compounds 1-3 were established as 3-O-[4-acetyl-β-D-xylopyranosyl-(1-3)-a-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1-2)-a-L-arabinopyranosyl]-hederagenin, 3-O-[a-L-arabinopyranosyl-(1-3)-a-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1-2)-a-L-arabinopyranosyl]-hederagenin and 3-O-[b-D-xylopyranosyl-(1-3)-a-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1-2)-a-L-arabinopyranosyl]-hederagenin. The compounds showed molluscicidal activity (LC100/24h of 5–10 ppm) against the snail Biomphalaria glabrata, one of the intermediate hosts of schistosomiasis. Saponins 1-3 have been previously reported from other Sapindus species.


To use ferro copper slag as aggregate in the construction, an evaluation upon the two kinds of ferro copper slag being produced was conducted to determine the basic physical, and mechanical properties, chemical component and environmental noxiousness. As a result of experiment, it was found that two kinds of ferro copper slag satisfies the physical and mechanical properties of aggregate, prescribed in KS F 2526, and that in the result of noxious heavy metal eruption test by single bach extraction, no eruption of noxious heavy metal was detected or the eruption was far below the reference value. And mortar test was conducted by replacing sand of 25, 50, 75, 100% and the performance level was presented upon reviewing the fluidity property and variable aspects of unit weight. The increase of strength in accordance with replacement rate of sand was found to be the below than the equivalent level compared to the testing specimens that did not use ferro copper slag, but those of 25% replacement rate was above than 0%. Thus, two kinds of ferro copper slag, produced in the domestic, were found to be possessing the enough physical properties to use as concrete aggregate assuming that used with sand and in particular, it was reviewed to be advantageous in manufacturing concrete or mortar that requires weight.


The magnetic form factors of (Ni0.6Fe0.4)1-xVx x=0.095 and 0.159, have been measured at room temperature. The experimental data are compared with a form factor for x=0 obtained by interpolation from literature data. It is concluded that, though the constituents seem to retain their individual properties in binary Ni-Fe alloys, the Ni-Fe matrix is affected as a whole by addition of the V impurities. Therefore in this respect the compounds investigated can be considered as pseudobinary alloys. The addition of V causes an overall decrease of the average host moment but little change in its spatial distribution.


The Atmospheric Lidar Observatory (ALO) Rayleighscatter lidar has been operated for 11 years on the Utah State University (USU) campus (41.7o N 111.8o W). During the morning of 22 June 1995 a noctilucent cloud (NLC) was observed with the lidar well away from the twilight periods when NLCs are visible. It lasted for approximately one hour. This observation and a second in 1999 [Wickwar et al., 2002] are very significant because they show the penetration of NLCs equatorward of 50°, which may have important implications for global change. Temperature profiles calculated at hourly intervals were at least 20 K cooler than the 11-year June climatological average for ALO near the NLC altitude. These cool temperatures arose, in part, because of a major temperature oscillation. Observations & Discussion The observations were carried out with the Rayleighscatter lidar at ALO. The system, consisting of a Spectra Physics Nd:YAG operating at 30 Hz with 600-800 mJ per pulse at 532 nm and a 44-cm diameter Newtonian telescope, has a power-aperture product of 2.77 W-m2 . The range bins are 250 ns or 37.5 m. The sampling time is 2 minutes corresponding to 3600 laser pulses. During the early morning of 22 June 1995 a NLC was observed for approximately an hour. This detection is shown in terms of backscatter ratio in Figure 1. The backscatter ratio, R, is one for pure Rayleighbackscatter, and is greater than one when and where Mie scatter is present. Where SR is the Rayleigh-scattered signal and SM is the Mie-scattered signal. The Rayleigh-scattered signal was calculated from the average of the observations excluding the profiles containing the NLC. Equation 1. Backscatter Ratio ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( z S z S z S z S z S z R


Relation extraction (RE) aims at finding the way entities, such as person, location, organization, date, etc., depend upon each other in a text document. Ontology Population, Automatic Summarization, and Question Answering are fields in which relation extraction offers valuable solutions. A relation extraction method based on inductive logic programming that induces extraction rules suitable to identify semantic relations between entities was proposed by the authors in a previous work. This paper proposes a method to simplify graph-based representations of sentences that replaces dependency graphs of sentences by simpler ones, keeping the target entities in it. The goal is to speed up the learning phase in a RE framework, by applying several rules for graph simplification that constrain the hypothesis space for generating extraction rules. Moreover, the direct impact on the extraction performance results is also investigated. The proposed techniques outperformed some other state-of-the-art systems when assessed on two standard datasets for relation extraction in the biomedical domain.


PURPOSE: A radiation absorbent is provided to have an excellent radiation-absorbing effect, to allow light weight, and to prevent loss of physical properties of an absorbent. CONSTITUTION: A radiation absorbent is that 1.0-20.0 wt% of a neutron absorbing material is uniformly dispersed in 80.0-99.0 wt% of metal or a metal alloy substrate. The metal or metal alloy substrate is selected from stainless steel, aluminum, titanium, zirconium, scandium, yttrium, cobalt, chrome, nickel, tantalum, molybdenum, and tungsten. The neutron absorbing material is surface-coated with one or more surfactants of the metal group and has a size of 10-900 nm for improving a neutron absorbing ability.


Matrix operations, such as vector-matrix and matrix-matrix multiplication, are of great interest since a large variety of problems in signal processing, image processing and computing can be cast in terms of linear vector space operations. Optical systems, with their ability to multiply and add a two-dimensional arrays of numbers and to provide an arbitrary interconnection between them, have been investigated intensively in the recent past for performing matrix operations. Most of these optical systems were linear in their characteristics and hence operated in an analog mode. This restricted the accuracy achievable to 6-8 bits. One way of overcoming this limitation is to resort to nonlinear optical devices which can implement the basic operations involved in binary arithmatic, such as AND, OR, NOT, logic operations. The other approach involves using linear operation of convolution in performing pseudo-binary multiplication (the bits are allowed to assume values >1) as first suggested to optics community by Whitehouse and Speiser1. Psaltis, etal applied this concept to a two-dimensional optical correlator and demonstrated high accuracy correlation of one-dimensional binary encoded sequences.2 In the last two years several researchers proposed schemes for merging this and related concepts with different architectures for optical matrix processing.3-6 It is the aim of this paper to systematically study the different architectures that result; compare their requirements of: a) input devices, b) output devices, c) optical systems and d) post processing electronics; and try to draw some general conclusions.


The purpose of this research is to provide a mechanism for using rate monotonic scheduling theory in applications that require dynamic priorities. Advances in the rate monotonic theory have increased interest in the field and shown rate monotonic scheduling to be a desirable scheduler choice for a wide variety of applications. This research demonstrates a semi-automated mechanism to convert existing real-time systems using cyclic schedulers into systems that use rate monotonic schedulers. Given that systems scheduled with cyclic schedulers are brittle and difficult to modify easily, the benefit of this conversion is increased understandability, adaptability, and reliability for these systems. In particular, it may be beneficial to examine a system in the light of rate monotonic analysis, even if no conversion is envisioned. There remains, however, one limitation in rate monotonic theory that continues to limit its usefulness in a wide range of applications. This limitation is the requirement that all relative priorities among processes in the system be static. The remainder of this research demonstrates an automated mechanism for relaxing the static priority requirement, at least for systems that have independent, periodic processes. This is accomplished by providing a monitoring process, $P\sb\alpha$, to monitor the processes in the system. When certain parameters are satisfied, the system can invoke the Mode Change Protocol developed at the Software Engineering Institute to initiate a change in modes. Within any given mode, the priorities of the processes are static and, thus, rate monotonic scheduling applies. However, between modes, the priorities of the systems' processes may change dynamically. This research suggests that the remaining limitation to the widespread use of rate monotonic schedulers can be relaxed, at least for a system composed of independent, periodic processes.


Gamification has recently been presented as a promising opportunity to improve human resource management (HRM) practices and tools. However, while the number of publications on gamification has been increasing in recent years, an overview of the current landscape of HRM-related literature of gamification is missing so far. Intending to support and ease the understanding of prior research findings in this field, this article conducts a systematic literature review. This study contributes to the field of human resources research by examining 45 research papers, aiming to explore areas of application and outcomes of the use of gamification in HRM. Propositions are outlined along with elaborating risks and approaches on how to mitigate the risks of using game design elements in HRM.


With the development of internet technique, Building Information Modeling (BIM) models are gradually being applied to the construction of smart cities, and their advantages in the field of smart buildings are becoming increasingly evident. This article would analyze the content related to big data (BD). Firstly, the specific implementation plan for new technologies such as cloud computing and IoT (Internet of Things) management in the construction process of construction projects was elaborated. Then this article introduces the construction of a BIM system based on intelligent building design, information sharing and resource integration using internet platforms, and finally conducts performance testing on the system. The test results show that the system has fast response time, high throughput efficiency, strong availability, and a fault tolerance rate of over 91%.


Supply voltage scaling is considered to be an effective technique for reducing power consumption of digital CMOS circuits. But such approach has a detrimental effect on system performance, which renders it impractical for many applications. However, in some applications, where power consumption is of critical importance, supply voltage scaling can be reasonably effective. In this paper power critical applications are considered and a set of adders is presented. The supply voltage scaling technique is applied and different adders are analyzed for a range of supply voltage levels (1.8-0.15 Volts). It is found that at very low supply voltage levels, the performance experiences immense deterioration. Moreover, for a fixed frequency of operation, the lowest supply voltage level attainable depends on circuit structure.


TISTIANOVA, Barbora: Rating and Credit Risk. [Bachelor´s work]. Banking Institute / College of Banking Prague College of Foreign Banska Bystrica. Department of Banking, Accounting and Insurance. Supervisor: Ing. Viktoria Vargova, PhD . Year of the defense: 2013. Number of pages: 66. The bachelor work deals with the topic of credit risk and rating which belongs to the management tools of this type of risk. The aim of the work is to point out the use of rating at the evaluation of the credit risk of chosen economic subjects with the consecutive impact on the credit financing price of these subjects. The theoretical deals with credit risk and its management, gradually focusing on rating, which is one of management tools of credit risk. The first part of the analytical part presents specification of the chosen company´s rating in a selected bank institution according to provided financial statements of the company. The second part is focused on specification of the credit rating of physical persons at the choice of the particular credit in the selected bank institution. In the conclusion the relation of the rating vs. the price of the credit financing of particular subject is reconsidered.


Local businesses and hourly workers appear to be particularly vulnerable to social distancing measures and the economic shut down that has followed the COVID-19 outbreak in the United States. Further, many local businesses employ hourly workers, amplifying these effects. We present some high frequency statistics describing the reaction of local businesses and their hourly employees to COVID-19. Our source is the online data made available by Homebase, which tracks more than 100,000 local businesses and their hourly employees around the U.S. The data consist primarily of restaurants, food and beverage, retail and services businesses. We present data for (i) local businesses open; (ii) hourly employees working; (iii) hours worked by hourly employees; and (iv) monthly income lost by hourly employees. With the exception of monthly income lost by hourly employees, all figures report the percentage change in the variable of interest in a particular day compared to the median for that day of the week for the period Jan. 4–Jan. 31.


Purpose – The paper's purpose is to document a clinical study of children with Henoch‐Schonlein Purpura that facilitated decision‐making with regard to investigations, follow up and timely referral to a nephrologist.Design/methodology/approach – A retrospective analysis of clinical records of 33 children diagnosed with Henoch‐Schonlein purpura who attended the Whiston Hospital Paediatric unit over a 60‐month period between January 2001 and December 2005 was performed.Findings – In the study 53 per cent (n 17) of the patients were boys. The commonest age group affected was between five to ten years (n 17), with mean age of 7.2 years (range 1 to 17 years). Of the cases , 71 per cent (n 22) presented between July and December. Four patients (13 per cent) had haematuria on dipstick examination at presentation. Eight patients (25 per cent) had neither blood pressure measurement on admission nor a documented plan for urine dipstick or blood pressure measurement on discharge. Daily urine dipstick was performed i...


Researches on the influence of the fast developed road network in recent years upon land use and landscape pattern change in the region with original obstructed transportation can provide reference for future land use. In this article, the study area, including Chongqing metropolitan region and several counties around it, is located in the western paralleled ridge-valley area, which is chosen as an example to explore how the road pattern being developed gradually drives the evolving of construction land in this area through comparing the evolution pattern and proportion of construction land. The image data of TM in 1988, 2001, 2007 and China′s environmental satellite image in 2010 were chosen as a datum source. The results show that the"two ring and eight radial freeway"road pattern formed individually in recent 20 years has broken the obstruction of mountains distributed in the study area with paralleled ridge and valley area, therefore, from 1988 to 2010, the expansion intensity of construction land has increased with a gradient effect from inside to outside, and the construction land is grouped mainly along the highway. The evolving models of construction land could be summed up: first, the urban land showed markedly a kind of'sphere-type'expansion mode in the center of the study area; second, the expansion of construction land behaved as an agglomeration and group development mode in the middle of the study area; third, the construction land behaves as a leap frogging or scattered expansion in the outer sphere of the study area. At the same time, the evolving of construction land is influenced by the run time of each highway and the topography and locational factor along highways. These results indicate that the road pattern play a significant role in the rapid expansion processes of the construction land, and the road network has an obvious routeway effect upon the land use changes in the study area.


Objective To explore the present management of dilated aortic lesions without good landing zone.Methods A total of 129 cases of dilated aortic lesions underwent endovascular treatment in our hospital between August 2005 and February 2009.Of them,6 cases of aortic artery dissection and 3 cases of thoracic-abdominal aortic aneurysms without good proximal landing zone and 4 cases of abdominal aortic aneurysms without good distal landing zone underwent ascending aortic artery-right common carotid artory(RCCA)-left common carotid artery(LCCA)-left subclavian artery(LSA) bypass,RCCA-LCCA-LSA bypass,RCCA-LCCA bypass,abdominal aortic artery-super mesenteric artery-bilateral renal arteries bypass and blocking or embolizing internal iliac arteries before endoluminal repair.Results Procedures were successfully performed on all 13 cases.Mortality and severs complication were not observed during the periprocedure.During the follow-up,thrombosis were observed in false lumen,and there were no grafts migration,endoleak and enlargement of sac.The bridge vessels kept in patency.Conclusion Bypass and embolism can enlarge landing zone,which were good choices for the cases of dilated aortic lesions without good landing zone presently.


Males of acorn-infesting Cydia latiferreana are attracted to an equilibrium mixture of the four isomers of 8, I10-dodecadien-1-ol acetate, the virgin female-produced pheromone. Trap height relative to the height of trees in which traps are placed seems to be a significant factor influencing moth catches at attractant-baited traps. In an oak woodlot and in an oak nursery, catches of male moths were greater in traps placed near the upper periphery of the canopy than at traps deployed at lower levels in the tree. Practical application of pheromone-baited traps in a forest situation will require further study on lure formulation and on trap deployment under forest conditions.


Silicides of cobalt with good properties were prepared using metal vapor vacuum arc (MEVVA) ion implantation. The epitaxial growth of Co silicide was observed by TEM. A continuous silicide layer with thickness of 80-200 nm was obtained. The sheet resistance of Co silicide decreases with increase of ion flux and ion dose. After annealing the sheet resistance decreases further. The phase transition from Co/sub 2/Si to CoSi/sub 2/ was observed when the ion flux and annealing temperature increased. Co (or Mo) silicide is synthesized using Co (or Mo) and Si ion alternant deposition. The coating quality is better than that of Co ion implantation. The power microwave transistors were fabricated using ion implantation, it shows that emitter resistance and noise of the transistor decrease markedly, the microwave property was improved obviously.


This article seeks to establish that Rev 5.6, despite its imprecise language, situates Christ on the divine throne and not merely next to it or alongside it. That Christ shares the divine throne is clearly asserted elsewhere in the book of Revelation (3.21; 7.17; 22.1, 3). Since this is the case, and as the other ways in which John's language at 5.6 can be understood introduces a number of difficulties, it is probable that John also intended 5.6 to be another affirmation of Christ's enthronement on the one divine throne. This conclusion is confirmed when it is noticed that John envisioned the living creatures which surround the throne to be living, constituent parts of the divine throne itself. Christ is thus in the midst of the throne and in the midst of the living creatures because they, as components of the throne, are both a part of it and surround it. This has been argued by at least one earlier interpreter. It has not, however, been noted just how widespread or how early is the evidence for the living creatures or cherubim as both living and constituent parts of the heavenly divine throne. Archaeological evidence, as well as passages from 1 Enoch, the Song of the Three Young Men, the Songs of the Sabbath Sacrifice, Josephus, 2 Enoch, the Apocalypse of Abraham and On the Origin of the World are examined and shown to support such a conception of the divine throne and of the cherubim.


The invention belongs to the field of white wine detection, particularly relates to a method for simultaneously and quantitatively detecting the content of ethyl carbamate and phthalate in the distilled white wine and aims to solve the problems the existing method for detecting is complex in operation and consumes long time. The method comprises the following steps of: (a) adding an internal standard substance I and an internal standard substance II into a white-wine sample, and (b) detecting by adopting a gas chromatograph mass spectrometer, monitoring and quantitating by using selected irons, and obtaining the content of the ethyl carbamate and the phthalate in the distilled white wine by adopting the internal standard method. The method provided by the invention has good reproducibility, is accurate and is low in detection cost, thereby being easy to popularize.


Objective To study the mechanism and effect of heat shock pretreatment on the intracellular calcium of neurons in infectious brain edema. Methods Male Sprague Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into five groups:(1)Normal control group ;(2)Infectious brain edema group;(3)Normal saline control group;(4)Heat shock pretreatment group;(5)Lipopolysaccharide(LPS) pretreatment group. An animal model of infectious brain edema by pertussis bacilli (PB) was used. The free intracellular calcium concentration ([Ca 2+ i]) was measured by Fura 2/AM in synaptosomes of cerebral cortex. Water content, Evans blue content, Na + content in brain tissues were measured. Heat shock protein (HSP) 70 mRNA and HSP70 of brain tissues were detected by In situ hybridization and Western blot analysis. Results The [Ca 2+ ]i concentration of synaptosomes were significantly decreased in heat shock pretreatment group and LPS pretreatment group than in Infectious brain edema group (P 0.01 ). There was a positive linear relationship between [Ca 2+ ]i concentration and water content, Evans blue and Na + content . HSP70 mRNA and HSP70 of brain tissue was increased after heat shock and LPS pretreatment. Conclusions The Ca 2+ influx were inhibited by heat shock and LPS pretreatment, which may be relational with the HSP70 gene expression increased.


1.0 Introduction and project partners The first stainless steel mass transport equipment was built in the United States and concerned a lightweight train car, built in 1932 [1]. The weight of the train car was reduced from typically 70.000 kg to 7.000 kg. This reduced the demand on the engine from more than 300 to 90 horsepower's. Since 1932 more than 8000 stainless rail cars have been built in the United States. In Japan and Europe similar trends can be seen although the introduction of stainless steels took place much later in Japan and in Europe even later. Ultra high strength stainless steels (UHS-SS) combined with all-steel sandwich panels are promising alternatives for weight reduction of load carrying structures like trains and metro cars. The reduction of weight is of great importance, especially in vehicle constructions, where lower fuel consumption and higher load carrying efficiency are primary questions. The first practical applications of sandwich panels were in U. S. Navy ships. Cruise ship builders in Germany and Finland have also used sandwich panels in their ships. If using sandwich panels results in low weight, high stiffness and crash worthiness constructions than train and railway car manufacturers are certainly interested in these developments. This project aims for using ultra high strength stainless steels in smart sandwich panels for the manufacturing of lightweight trains and metro cars at lower cost and resulting in better overall performances. Ultra high strength sheets and rectangular stainless steel tubes are made available in this project. Sophisticated joining techniques, like weld brazing, laser welding and adhesive bonding, will be used in this project. These new welding techniques for joining ultra high strength stainless steels benefits often from a low heat input and therefore will have better mechanical properties of the joints. Local softening of the 2H grade stainless steels after laser welding should not necessarily lead to an overall weaker/worse performance of the structure so is expected. The optimal joining technique/material combination is what this project aims for. New techniques for bending high strength steels have been investigated like resistant assisted heating and laser assisted heating to reduce the problems of spring back. Special calculation methods have been used to be able to make an overview of the manufacturing costs of the different sandwich panels and to be able to make a sound costs selection of sandwich panels, to be used in combination with ultra high strength stainless steels. Prototypes of the new developed stainless steel sandwich panels have been manufactured to deal with possible manufacturing problems. The project has also looked into the corrosion resistance of the new developed sandwich panels. Extend mechanical testing arc carried out on the developed sandwich panels like static and fatigue testing and the impact behaviour at crash testing. Guidelines for designers have been made to encourage them to use ultra high strength stainless steel sandwich panels in their products and so promoting stainless steel as an attractive and alternative metal to carbon steel or aluminium for train and metro car applications.


Condition monitoring, diagnosis and prediction of railway assets are of growing interest for managers of infrastructure and rolling stock. They are facing rapidly increasing requirements for the asset operation. While other industries have long established methods and tools to monitor and predict the condition of their assets for an improved operation, the German railway organisations still maintains on a fix predefined time schedule. Due to the legal regulations, organisational structures, technical diversity of assets and the structure of the information technology it is a major challenge to apply condition based maintenance to the German railway system. This article describes the most important issues according to the background of railways and how some of them could be solved. It addresses the technological, organisational and economical requirements for an efficient use of monitoring systems in a condition based monitoring in Germany.


ABSTRACT Treatment of atlantoaxial pathology is often associated with significant morbidity and mortality. While surgical techniques for fixation are well established, approaches that minimize blood loss and muscle dissection are advantageous for expediting recovering and minimizing surgical risk. We present a 34-year-old female who presented with a Type III odontoid fracture requiring surgical fixation. She underwent a C1-2 fusion employing a novel minimally invasive modification of the Goel-Harms atlantoaxial fusion using percutaneous screws and intra-articular cage.


Proposed an architecture in order to retrieve some information on 3W,and populated a relational database.To solve it by three steps: dispose with those specific difficulties of Web pages based on HTML;extract and marshal data from Web pages into structural document;present an arithmetic converting valid XML document into relational data tables.It satisfied user by virtue of the shortest time and the lowest cost.


The paper presents an experimental verification of conventional PI and PID controller design methods. Nine different synthesis techniques were used to control of airflow speed in laboratory model of hot-air tunnel, most of them for both PI and PID version. In the first instance the controlled plant was identified in order to obtain a linear mathematical model and then the controllers were designed using studied methods. The controllers were tested in simulations and subsequently implemented under real conditions. The obtained control results have been compared and analyzed.


An SOI high voltage device with a novel structure of double-side interface charge island(DCI) was presented for the first time.DCI SOI was characterized by a series of equidistant high concentration of n+-region and p+-region on the top and bottom interfaces of dielectric buried layer,respectively.Interface inversion holes resulting from vertical electric field are located in the spacing of two neighboring n+-regions.At the same time,inductive electrons are accumulated on the bottom interface.The interface charges introduced effectively enhanced the electric field of dielectric buried layer(EI) and reduced the electric field of silicon layer(ES),which resulted in a high breakdown voltage.The enhanced field ΔEI and reduced field ΔES by accumulated interface charges reached 642.5V/μm and 24V/μm,respectively,which increased breakdown voltage of DCI SOI to 750 V from 206 V of the conventional SOI.


The typical case of laryngeal cancer is a male aged 40 or over who has as tendency to prolonged upper respiratory infections, a history of smoking for over 20 years, and bad untreated teeth.


Introduction: Hip fractures are the major cause of disability and functional impairment in the elderly. Studies have correlated the results from treating femoral neck fractures; however, little has been described the quality of life (QOL) after hemiarthroplasty in these patients. Objective: An assessment of physical, psychological, social relationships, and environmental domains of QOL after hemiarthroplasty in elderly patients and to analyze the postsurgical impact on the activity of daily living and functional outcome of the hip. Methods: Prospective observational study was conducted on 100 elderly patients who underwent hemiarthroplasty. The hip function was scored with the Harris Hip Score (HHS) and activities of daily living were rated by the Barthel Index. Health-related QOL was rated by the World Health Organization QOL: Brief version applied before and 6 months after surgery. Results: There was fair to good HHS and decreased dependency in the activities of daily living with preserved function by the end of 6 months. Postsurgery ambulation showed that 30% of them used a walker for ambulation due to fear of falls. QOL improved but did not return to presurgery levels. The psychological domain was the most affected, followed by the environmental and social domains. Conclusion: Results showed the need for improvisation of various aspects of postoperative care such as designated rehabilitation protocols, fall clinics, psychotherapy and relaxation, and geriatric care for associated comorbidities. Implementing such a comprehensive specialty care approach along with good surgery will improve the QOL to presurgical level.


This paper describes the next generation 600V trench-gate IGBT utilizing the Micro-P structure to realize low noise and low power dissipation. We have achieved "better turn-on di/dt controllability", "oscillation free turn-off" and "improved Von-Eoff trade-off relationship" in the 600V IGBTs. In a typical inverter operation, the new chip has realized 10% lower power dissipation and the dT<inf>j-c</inf> can be reduced by 2.5deg.C.


A new triphenylphosphane based on a β-cyclodextrin skeleton (PM-β-CD-OTPP) was synthesized. This ligand can be dispersed in water by using the nanoprecipitation method. Transmission electron microscopy and NMR spectroscopy showed that PM-β-CD-OTPP is aggregated in water and forms a stable dispersion. Its aqueous solubility can be dramatically increased in the presence of selected water-soluble guests by formation of inclusion complexes. Associated to a rhodium precursor, PM-β-CD-OTPP is able to generate soluble rhodium species in water. In addition, NMR experiments showed that the cyclodextrin cavity remains accessible for a guest even when PM-β-CD-OTPP is coordinated to rhodium. Finally, this ligand was efficient for rhodium-catalyzed hydrogenation and hydroformylation performed in aqueous medium.


An enzymatic reaction with supercritical carbon dioxide (SCCO2) as the reaction medium was investigated. Lipase could catalyze the batch type reaction of hydrolysis and interesterification (acidolysis) in SCCO2 at 50°C and 29.4 MPa. The time course of interesterification was influenced by the water content as well as by the kind of reaction medium. The initial velocities of hydrolysis and interesterification were greater in SCCO2 than in n-hexane when the water content increased. A part of this difference in reaction velocity was supposed to be due to water, a modifier of the solvent, the solubility of which in SCCO2 was estimated to be a hundred times that in n-hexane.


Proliferation of mobile devices over the past few years has explosively increased demand for multimedia content in various service scenarios such as video and game streaming. This growth in demand for mobile content has brought a significant challenge of how to efficiently deliver such content to users. Content delivery networks (CDNs) have grown in popularity as the most feasible solution to overcome this challenge. Many mobile network operators have tried to develop customized CDN solutions suited to their network systems in practice. In this paper, we focus on an intriguing paradigm where mobile devices are used as cache servers and localized content sharing is activated via device-to-device (D2D) communication. As the most feasible network system, we consider a network-assisted D2D CDN where a mobile network assists and controls D2D communication processes. We first investigate inherent characteristics of the network system, resulting in the following findings: 1) D2D communication utilization and 2) network assisted control. As a new approach to devise efficient CDN design and control algorithms that simultaneously consider the inherent characteristics, we adopt the Lyapunov stability theory. As a result, we can derive efficient algorithms including content placement, content request routing, and content scheduling as a total solution including CDN design as well as control based on a cross-layer design approach. Through packet simulations, it is demonstrated that the performance yielded by the proposed strategies is superior to that delivered by other strategies in terms of delay to directly represent content delivery performance.


The monoclonal antibody MAC 387 recognizes an antigen expressed by human macrophages and granulocytes. Normal epidermis does not react with the antibody, but the inflamed epidermis may react. In this immunocytochemical study we have investigated the intracytoplasmic expression of the MAC 387 antigen in biopsies of a variety of skin disorders. In lichen planus the basal cells were usually negative, whilst suprabasal cells were positive. In the majority of other inflammatory dermatoses studied, there was positive staining of basal and suprabasal cells. A parallel frozen‐ and paraffin‐section study of biopsies of cutaneous T‐cell lymphomas and inflammatory conditions failed to demonstrate HLA Class 11 expression in the cytoplasm of keratinocytes. Expression of the MAC 387 antigen in the epidermis is directly associated with cell‐mediated activity in the papillary dermis, but is not related to HLA Class II expression.


Antifibrotic therapy with nintedanib or pirfenidone slows disease progression and reduces mortality in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). However, patients with advanced IPF, as defined by forced vital capacity (FVC) < 50% and/or diffusion capacity for carbon monoxide (DLCO) < 30% of predicted, have not been included in randomized trials, and the outcomes of such patients who initiate treatment are not well understood. We determined lung function, disease progression and mortality outcomes following initiation of antifibrotic therapy in patients with advanced IPF at the time of treatment initiation compared to those with mild–moderate IPF.


In Japan and other countries, as the elderly population increases, the prevalence of aging-related, physiologic deterioration will increase; thus, functional foods to maintain good health and high quality of life will likely become more desirable. In this context, the probiotic properties of lactic acid bacteria have garnered particular interest. This review introduces Lactococcus lactis subsp. cremoris H61 as a new probiotic bacterium. Oral administration of heat-killed strain H61 to aged senescence-accelerated mice was associated with reduced bone density loss, decreased incidence of skin ulcers and hair loss compared with those of controls that did not receive strain H61. In human study, oral intake of heat-killed cells of strain H61 and fermented milk made by strain H61 can improve some skin properties and body characteristics (i.e. dryness of throat) in Japanese women. This strain likely would be useful for high quality of life in an aging population. The deduced mechanisms associated with the beneficial effects of this strain on skin health are


Single-electron motions near the sidewall of a chamber to drive a type of inductively coupled magnetized plasmas are analyzed using a Monte Carlo method in a simulation model with sheath electric field ( E sh ) to understand the mechanism of electron energy gain (EEG). The analysis reveals that the E × B drift caused by E sh , along the rf electric field induced in parallel to the sidewall, makes the EEG high and asymmetric between the first and second halves of an rf period. We observe spatial distributions of the EEG as a function of the distance from the wall under several sheath conditions. The EEG is higher under higher E sh and high EEG values are more concentrated in the sheath whose potential gradient is larger. Finally, observation of the phase-resolved EEG distributions demonstrates statistically that the EEG mechanism found in stochastic individual electron behaviors also works for a majority of electrons.


The magnitude of grain-boundary sliding in 6 specimens of polycrystalline MgO of 2 grain sizes (33 and 52 μm) was measured by interferometry after compressive creep at 1200°C uner stresses from 34.4 to 103.3 MN m-2. Grain-boundary sliding increases in importance with decreasing stress and/or grain size, although the largest strain contributed by sliding under these experimental conditions was only 20% of the total strain.


This study examined whether emerging adults' attachment preference for their romantic partner is complementary to their attachment preferences for their mother, father, and friends using a cross-sectional research design. Participants were 1,021 emerging adults recruited in the Czech Republic (mean age = 21.46, SD = 1.55) who filled out questionnaires. The attachment preference for the romantic partner correlated inversely with the attachment preference for friends but not with the preference for the mother or for the father. Our regression analyses revealed that emerging adults who were currently in a romantic relationship and had a longer romantic relationship were more likely to prefer their partner and less likely to prefer their friends. However, those emerging adults were not necessarily less likely to prefer their parents. For females, the length of romantic relationship was positively linked to their preferences for their mother. Hence, the results of this study accord with the claim that emerging adults' attachment preferences are shifted to the romantic partner only from friends and not from the parents.


We have previously demonstrated that a hPRL antagonist (hPRL-G129R) was able to inhibit PRL induced breast cancer cell proliferation through induction of apoptosis. In the present study, we test the hypothesis that the inhibitory effect of hPRL-G129R in breast cancer cells occurs, at least in part, through the inhibition of oncogene STAT3 activation. We first demonstrated that STAT5 and STAT3 could be activated by either hGH or hPRL in T-47D breast cancer cells. Although the patterns of STAT5 activation by hGH and hPRL are similar, we observed a nearly 10-fold greater efficacy of hPRL in STAT3 activation as compared to that of hGH. More importantly, we have demonstrated that activation of STAT3 by hPRL could be inhibited by hPRL-G129R. Since T-47D cells coexpress GHR and PRLR, an attempt was made to dissect the molecular events mediated through hGHR or hPRLR using mouse L-cells expressing a single population of receptors (hGHR or hPRLR). To our surprise, only STAT5, not STAT3 phosphorylation was observed in these L-cells. In conclusion, our results suggest that: a) STAT3 is preferably activated through hPRLR in T-47D cells; b) hPRL-G129R is effective in inhibiting STAT3 phosphorylation; and c) the mechanism of STAT3 activation is different from that of STAT5. Correspondence to: Dr W.Y. Chen, Oncology Research Institute, Greenville Hospital System, 700 W. Faris Road, Greenville, SC 29605, USA E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com Abbreviations: hPRL, human prolactin; hGH, human growth hormone; hPRL-G129R, human prolactin antagonist; PRLR, prolactin receptor; GHR, growth hormone receptor; STAT, signal transducer and activator of transcription; Cys, cysteine; L-GHR, mouse L-cclls expressing GHR; L-PRLR, mouse L-cells expressing PRLR; E2, estradiol; TUNEL, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transfcrase-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling; bGH, bovine GH; FBS, fetal bovine serum; CSS, charcoal stripped serum; IPTG, isopropylthiogalactoside; IRMA, immunoradiometric assay; MET, mcthionine


A computerised metallographic technique dealing with the extraction of 3D information from cross sections of alloy matrix composite coatings with a dispersion of ceramic particles is proposed. From a digitised SEM image it is possible to estimate the concentration of codeposited particles and the first two moments of their size distribution. Procedures are proposed for the optimal choice of grey level and sampling interval; image noise effects are dealt with. Experimental results on Ni-P matrix composites with diamond dispersions are presented.


Irrigation efficiency is a measure of (1) the effectiveness of an irrigation system in delivering water to plants or (2) the effectiveness of irrigation in increasing plant production. From definition (1), irrigation efficiency may be expressed as the ratio of the volume of water used or available for use in plant production to the volume pumped or delivered for use. From definition (2), irrigation efficiency may be expressed as the ratio of crop yield or increase in yield over nonirrigated production to the volume of irrigation water used. For nurseries, yield can be expressed as a number of marketable plants. It should be also noted, that time required to produce a marketable plant may decrease due to efficient irrigation. In this case, a time factor should be included as yield increase due to irrigation. Irrigation efficiencies thus provide a basis for the comparison of irrigation systems from the standpoint of water beneficially used (or conversely, water wasted) and from the standpoint of yield per unit of water used. No irrigation system will apply water without some waste or losses because the cost to prevent all losses is prohibitive. Thus, some water losses are expected and accepted in proper irrigation system design, installation, and management. However, excessive waste may be caused by poor irrigation system design, improper installation, poor management, and equipment failures. Waste may occur as nonuniform water applications, excessive applications, evaporation or wind drift during application, surface runoff or subsurface (lateral) flow from the irrigated area, canal seepage, percolation below the root zone, evaporation from the irrigation distribution system, leakage from defective pipe connections, or other losses.


A 74-year-old man presented to the upper gastrointestinal surgical clinic with a 3-month history of dysphagia and epigastric pain. There had been 3 kg weight loss and his full blood count showed a microcytic, hypochromic anaemia. At endoscopy a polypoid centrally ulcerating lesion was identified arising within 10 mm of the gastro–oesophageal junction. This was suspected of being malignant and biopsies were taken. Subsequent to the biopsy results, a trans-hiatal oesophago-gastrectomy was performed, removing the distal 19 mm of oesophagus.


Poster showing first book to be discussed for Mugar Book Club 2018: Julia Alvarez's "How the Garcia Girls Lost Their Accents".


As one of the next-generation wireless communication systems, the Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) Long Term Evolution (LTE) is committed to providing technologies for high data rates and system capacity. Further, LTE-Advanced (LTE-A) was defined to support new components for LTE to meet higher communication demands [1]. In particular, the performance and quality of service (QoS) of local area services need to be improved significantly by reusing the spectrum resources. However, reuse of the unlicensed spectrum might not provide a stable controlled environment [2]. Therefore, the approach of exploiting the licensed spectrum for local area services has attracted much attention. In this chapter, we present the basic concepts of device-to-device (D2D) communications in the licensed spectrum bands. We first provide an overview of D2D communications underlaying the cellular network. We then discuss access methods, device synchronization, and discovery mechanisms. Next, mode selection, spectrum sharing, power control, and multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) techniques are briefly introduced. The concepts of D2D direct and D2D local area networks (LANs) are proposed, a simulation scenario for D2D direct is given as an example, and, finally, the issues and challenges in D2D communications are outlined. Overview of D2D communications The term D2D communications commonly refers to the techniques that enable devices to communicate directly without an infrastructure of access points or base stations. D2D communications amount to a technology component for LTE-A, where user equipments (UEs) transmit data signals to each other over a direct link/connection using the cellular resources instead of through the eNB (i.e., a base station). As an underlay to the cellular network, D2D communications allow one to increase the spectral efficiency [1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9]. While D2D communications is considered as an add-on component in the 4G systems, it is expected to be a native feature supported by the next-generation (e.g., fifth-generation [5G]) cellular networks.


Summary T/natural killer (NK)‐cell lymphoma is a subtype of non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma, with frequent cutaneous involvement; it follows an aggressive course. Most cases are reported in Asia, and typically present with nasopharyngeal involvement. There is a distinct variant known as blastoid T/NK‐cell lymphoma, which affects elderly, non‐Asian patients, with absence of nasal involvement. We report a middle‐aged caucasian man who had blastoid T/NK‐cell lymphoma with nasal involvement.


ABSTRACT This paper proposes new analyses of the semantics and morphosyntactic structure of Associated Motion [AM] constructions in Kaytetye. AM constructions have been analysed as word-level constructions, with a significant non-compositional component in the semantics. We propose that these constructions are syntactic phrasal constructions with generally compositional semantics which associate a path with a predicate, and we term them Associated Path [AP] constructions. AP constructions make use of two word-level constituents in a configurational relationship: (i) a finite path auxiliary; and (ii) a participial lexical verb. Depending on the semantics of the path auxiliary and the lexical verb, AP constructions are commonly interpreted as involving motion, but motion interpretations are not an inherent requirement of the AP construction.


Soft-Input Soft-Output (SISO) tree search algorithms pro- vide a promising approach for complexity reduced iterative MIMO detection. Realizations based on depth-first search enable near max-log optimal detection at reduced but still high complexity. In this paper we introduce how SISO sphere detectors based on enhancements of single tree search and tuple search algorithms can be efficiently used in iterative detection, outclassing previously proposed decoders or list based iterations. The complexity of the proposed algorithms can be significantly reduced by MMSE preprocessing in combination with a novel unbiased and separated candidate assimilation. Internal clipping of search paths enables further complexity reduction as well as alignment of the tree searches leading to efficient realizations.


Article history Received: 7 December 2020 Accepted: 2 June 2021 Published Online: 10 June 2021 Whiplash injuries are a global health problem and a significant financial burden for both health care systems, and insurance providers. The diverse symptomatology after whiplash injury both in the somatic, emotional and behavioral sphere prompted separation of the Whiplash Associated Disorders (WAD) as a separate category of diseases. The exact mechanism of whiplash injury is still under debate and theories explaining pathogenesis of WAD are very diverse ranging from purely biomechanical to neurophysiological, emphasizing central sensitization but the core disability seems to be strictly connected to somatosensory dysfunction. As a result, the optimal algorithm of rehabilitation has not been established and data published in the current literature on effectiveness of such algorithms are inconsistent. Based on the presented here of Head Neutral Reference Point (HNRP), the objective of central desensitization is to restore valid somatosensory output from Cranio cervical Junction (CCJ). This new concept of rehabilitation after whiplash presented here is based on clinical observations and is supported by initial results.