In this paper, we use projections for US and Mexican population growth to simulate Mexico's future emigration rate, assuming that relative labor demand in the two countries remains constant. Labor supply pressures for emigration from Mexico peaked in the late 1990s and are likely to fall in coming years, with the projected emigration rate for labor market entrants in 2030 being only one third the level for 2000. However, while Mexico's labor force growth is slowing, Central America's is not, meaning that in coming decades Mexico may face conditions on its southern border similar to what the US has just seen.


Pineapple (Ananas comosus (L.) Merr.) being a non climacteric fruit, its flavor and sugar content does not increase after harvesting. Thus, the maturity stage at harvesting affects the quality of pineapples after harvesting. This study was conducted to compare the quality parameters at four different ripening stages of pineapple (cultivar Mauritius-Queen type) and their effect on sensory properties after dehydration. Pineapples were harvested at dark green, 50% yellow, 75% yellow and 100% yellow color stages. Total Soluble Solid (TSS) content, Titratable Acidity (TA), TSS/TA ratio, pH, Fruit firmness, L*,a*,b* and hue angle were quantified in fresh samples and the appearance, texture, taste, odor, color and overall acceptability were evaluated in dehydrated samples at each ripening stage. The ripening stage had a significant (P<0.05) effect on selected quality parameters of fresh pineapples. Highest TSS content of 17.75±0.67 was observed in 100% yellow stage whereas the lowest was observed in dark green stage (15.75±0.48). In contrast, the highest firmness was observed in dark green stage (27.47±6.4 N) while the lowest was in 100% yellow stage (12.01±1.17 N). Lowest pH and highest TA were observed in dark green stage while the highest pH and lowest TA were observed in 100% yellow stage with values of 3.49±0.06, 0.82±0.02, 3.74±0.01 and 0.78±0.02, respectively. Sensory evaluation revealed that 75% yellow stage is the optimum ripening stage for dehydration of pineapple (cultivar Mauritius-Queen type) with significantly greater sensory evaluation ranks compared to other stages. Abbreviations: TA, titratable acidity; TSS, total soluble solids; TSS/TA, total soluble solid/titratable acidity


. A new terahertz square-ring patch antenna is designed basing on a very thin layer of graphene as a radiating patch. It is characterized by multiband operation and can improve the radiation pattern due to its self-similar property or fractal geometry. We analyze a graphene-based square-ring patch placed upon a silicon substrate with the thickness 3.25 µm. The structure has compact dimensions and radiates at a single frequency, 3.62 THz. Our antenna can also consist of a microstrip line to resonate at two (1.913 and 4.294 THz) or three (1.913, 3.167 and 4.260 THz) frequencies. This is achieved by varying the patch shape at the voltage standing-wave ratio less or equal to two. Our calculations are performed using a full-wave electromagnetic simulation based on a standard finite-difference time domain method. Various parameters like the return loss, the voltage standing-wave ratio, the gain and the efficiency are determined for the multiband operation regime.


The evolution of a causal bulk viscous cosmological fluid filled open conformally flat spacetime is considered. By means of appropriate transformations the equation describing the dynamics and evolution of the very early Universe can be reduced to a first order Abel type differential equation. In the case of a bulk viscosity coefficient proportional to the square root of the density, ξ~ρ1/2, an exact and two particular approximate solutions are obtained. The resulting cosmologies start from a singular state and generally have a noninflationary behavior, the deceleration parameter tending, in the large time limit, to zero. The thermodynamic consistency of the results is also checked.


The paper reviews the literature of earnings management based on motivation,and concludes that western accounting academia does research from covenant-desiring and capital market perspectives and China academia does research mainly from the perspective of market.So there is enough research room for the study on earnings management of Chinese listed companies.


Treatment of industrial effluents has been rigorously inspected by environmental legislation. Heavy metals are considered contaminants are considered harmful to human health and government officials to raise concerns and environmental issues. There are several treatment processes for removal of metals in aqueous solutions and effluents as reverse osmosis, ion exchange, precipitation, electrodialysis, adsorption, among others. The adsorption has been largely studied, especially with new low-cost adsorbent materials. In this paper, we use bagasse cane sugar modified with succinic anhydride and dianhydride of EDTA to remove Co2+ , Mn2+ and Ni 2+ in aqueous solutions and acid mine drainage. Four materials were prepared, two with succinic anhydride (BAS 1 and BAS 2) of different sizes and two other modified with EDTA dianhydride (BDE 1 and BDE 2). In aqueous solution, the adsorption capacity of metals was between 1.18 and 1.51mmol/g for BAS 1, 0.79 and 1.76mmol/g for the BAS 2, 0.93 and 1.05mmol/g BDE 1 and 1.00 and 1.05mmol/g for BDE 2. The BDE material showed better adsorption at low pH and is then used to treat effluent from DAM without pH adjustment. The effluent had pH 2.72 and contained the following metal ions Ca 2+ , Al 3+ , Fe 2+ , Mn2+ , Ni 2+ and Zn2+ whose removal was, respectively, 5-6%, 27-40%, 65-45%, 26-20%, 100-100% and 98-99% using the materials BDE 1 and BDE 2. The results show that the materials can be used for removal of metals, especially cobalt, manganese and nickel in aqueous solution as aluminum, manganese and zinc in industrial effluents.


We present an extension to a hybrid graph-bisection algorithm developed by Bui et al. that uses vertex coalescing and the Kernighan-Lin variable-depth algorithm to minimize the size of the cut set. In the original heuris-tic technique, one iteration of vertex coalescing is used to improve the performance of the original Kernighan-Lin algorithm. We show that by performing vertex coalescing recursively, substantially greater improvements can be achieved for standard random graphs of average degree in the range 2:0; 5:0].


Healthy diet is one of the most important factors determining somatic and mental development of children. The reported study aimed at assessing food intake and nutritional status of 600 children aged 11-14, pupils of primary schools in the city of Poznan. The 24-h recall was taken to evaluate the total intake of basic nutrients, i.e. proteins, fats and carbohydrates. The nutritional status of children was evaluated based on the measurements of basic anthropometric parameters, i.e. body weight and height, and body mass index (BMI). It has been found out that the daily food rations did not cover the daily demand for basic nutrients according to the recommended norms. Daily food rations (DFR) oversupplied calories (112-125% of the recommended norms) and fats (120-130%), with concomitant insufficient supply of proteins (95% of the recommended intake). Cholesterol and saccharose intakes were higher from recommendations and amounted to 124-150% and 174-194%, respectively. Even more pronounced insufficient protein intake was reported in older children. The analysis of basic anthropometric parameters has, however, confirmed adequate physical development of most of the children from the studied population, i.e. 70-80%. Nevertheless, prolonged dietary deficiencies may predispose to various developmental abnormalities and diet-dependent disorders.


Based on the literature,survey and case analysis,this paper analyzed the sports associations construction status of the 15 private colleges in Guangdong.Guangdong Private Colleges sports associations' imbalance in economic development,such as the management of sports associations,sources of funding,the societies instructor,and community activities were carried out.As Guangdong Peizheng College sports society's case,the paper gave some measures from the school level and student organizations level countermeasures on sports associations'connotative construction.


The authors provide a study of concentration levels in the soil of the LAMA (Lab Active Metal Testing Laboratory) soil, in which they employed GIS and visual interpretation to introduce radioactive contamination into the soil of this facility. Using a high-purity germanium detector and spectroscopic apparatus, 28 samples were collected and examined using gamma spectroscopy to measure the radioactivity concentrations of radionuclides. Standards coefficients derived for the (U-238 series, Th-232 series, and Cs-137) distributions imply an asymmetric distribution with a little tail toward higher concentrations. However, the (U-238 series, Th-232 series, and Cs-137) activities in soil samples are more variable and exceed the authorized environmental thresholds.


My stance is entirely different from Wolfram1s and, curiously enough, from that of everybody else as expressed in this volume. In approaching the study of social dialects, I should like to hear answers to the question, "Who are we?", and I do not mean "we linguists." When I say "we," I mean, specifically, the American people. For me, therefore, the answer to the question, "Who are we?" will be based in part at least, on linguistic data in defining the languages we speak and in describing who "we" are who speak them. I start with an urbanized, industrialized, multi-ethnic, multilingual, and multidialectal society. That is the macrosociety. From there we work down to the microsocieties, that is, the societies that have prestige or no prestige, societies that are large or small, conspicuous or invisible to the others, but all somehow marked by the use of characteristic forms of languages. There are the "social dialects" of our nation, because, as defined by Halliday , they are found among certain sociallydefined users.


Vehicle to Infrastructure (V2I) and Vehicle to Vehicle (V2V) communications realize the wireless exchange of critical safety information between vehicles and infrastructures so as to avoid or at least mitigate the vehicle to vehicle, and/or vehicle to person collisions, which has brought in outstanding attentions from public and private sectors. For example, the United States Department of Transportation (USDOT) has launched a national program to enhance vehicle transportation through the applications of communication technologies known as IntelliDriveSM (succeeding the USDOT's VII, for Vehicle-Infrastructure Integration, program). This system considers safety, mobility, and environmental improvements through a combination of vehicle to vehicle and vehicle to infrastructure communications. On the other hand, the fast developing wireless communication technologies provide cutting edge innovative technologies that have the potential to improve the communications among vehicles, infrastructures, and human beings. This paper intends to review the available devices/techniques that can be used for such applications. Possible candidates for dedicated short range communication (DSRC) include Bluetooth, Wi-Fi, Radio Frequency Identification (RFID), and ZigBee. Typical techniques are those that are related to object positioning. One conceptual application in work zone is introduced and it is recommended testing the applications of these devices and techniques in both simulation and on-site environments. TYPICAL WIRELESS COMMUNICATION DEVICESS AND TECHNIQUES Typical wireless communication systems or devices include Bluetooth, RFID, and ZigBee. Wi-Fi is not a wireless communication, but it can be of great assistance to the transmission of wireless information through combined usages. In V2I, V2V, and even V2P communication systems, it is always a need to identify the position of a vehicle, a roadway infrastructure, or a person (a worker, or a pedestrian). Therefore, it is important to know the various position techniques, including the wireless position techniques and GPS based positioning techniques. All these will be reviewed in the following sections.


Research into gangs has been primarily concentrated in the USA for many years. The important step leading to a more intensive analysis of this phenomenon in Europe has been made by creating a uniform gang definition of Eurogang research group, which has been operationalized and integrated in two waves of the International Self-Report Delinquency Study (ISRD-2 and ISRD-3). The objective of this paper is to introduce methodological issues of the definition and offer possibilities for its revision. Data suggest that each type of definition used in our study may generate a different group of respondents. Although the multivariate analysis of factors influencing gang membership demonstrates some intersections, delinquency rates among gang members defined using different definitions vary considerably.


Introduction Road rage is a term used to describe driving usually extreme in nature. There seems to be a multifactorial relationship between the situational characteristics of an anger provoking road situation and the feelings of anger and road behaviour. Objectives To examine driver anger with regards to various sociodemographic parameter. Methods 282 participants completed an internet-based survey including sociodemographic profile, anger assessment while driving using the Deffenbacher Driver Anger Scale, details of the driving. Participants were recruited through networks of authors, institution. The survey was disseminated through social media applications and email by snowball sampling method. Results Mean age of the sample was 26.1 years with age group 24-29 years making half of the population. Majority sample were males (62.1%), graduates (53.2%), professionals (45.7%), urban locality based, nuclear family type. People experienced greater anger on Defenbacher likert scale for the following situations, when Someone is driving very close to your rear bumper (mean= 3.09), Someone cuts in right in front of you on the motorway(mean= 3.44), Someone cuts in and takes the parking spot(mean= 3.19), Someone coming towards you does not dim headlights at night(mean= 3.26), driving behind a vehicle smoking badly or giving off fumes(mean= 3.38). Conclusions The results revealed a prevalence of high anger scores amongst Indian drivers. The rage didn't vary significantly within gender, locality, type of vehicle, however the anger scores were significantly higher in younger population. Strategies targeting at driving safety and reducing road rage should be implemented by authorities with sensitization of the drivers. Disclosure No significant relationships.


This paper aims to explore the visual and epigraphic properties of medieval writing as well as considering writing medium, technique, and com-
municative status. The boundaries between different auxiliary disciplines in Medieval Studies (paleography, epigraphy, numismatics, sigillography) have created separate categories of writings and scripts within the writing culture of the Middle Ages, even if the letterforms, functions, and types of writing actually do not differ from one medium to another. A strong case for removing the disciplinary boundaries rests on the facts that writing was executed by scribes sharing training, tools and know-how, and that the iconic value of script and its visual aspects were activated primarily in the display of letters regardless of the variations in the content of the text, in its location, or its lin-guistic form. "Epigraphic" forms are used in manuscript tituli ; "manuscript" abbreviations are found in stone inscriptions; seals show "epigraphic" mise en page ; calamus-like features are inscribed on coins… Beyond the obvious inaccuracy of terminology, what do those commonalities between written objects show? How could we address the porosity of medieval literacy?


Global world economy, as well as efficient local entrepreneurship, cannot exist today without the support of IT and its application in the form of integrated business-information system (IBIS). In this paper, we will describe the 4PLTM model components which are the basis of Supply Chain Management (SCM), with a special reference to the component of information as the main nerve system of the model comprised of: IT system integration, IT infrastructure procurement, data processing in real time, conversion of data into information, provision of information for disputable cases, as well as technical support. Based on which parameters can one define the metrics necessary for evaluation of IT application success in material management process? How to use IT effectively via application of 4PLTM model in hotel management? Answers to these questions are based on the research of authors who studied real documents of material management process in economic organizations, which result in defined parameters of success estimation. These are going to be used for a comparative analysis in hotel management and as the basis for efficiency estimation of the informatization by analysis of 4PLTM model application. The confirmation of the thesis that the same parameters are applicable for productive and service organizations will be elaborated on an example of a Croatian hotel.


In our own case as well as in nine others of pseudoaneurysm caused probably by material fatigue in Wesolowsky-Weavenit® bifurcation prostheses there is a striking similarity with regard to manufacturer, year of implantation and regional distribution. We discuss the causes and consequences of this late vascular-surgical complication.


Dalbergia sissoo occurs throughout the sub- Himalayan tract and outer Himalayan valleys Indus to Assam, usually up to a height of 900m. It occurs in the plains in many parts of India. The teak wood is preferred sp. (sissoo) cabinet and furniture. The tree height is 45-60 feet and it spreads 30-45 feet. Seed of Dalbergia sissoo were collected from 10 locations in Bihar. The seeds were plated on PDA medium and observed for the growth of fungus after 5-10 days of incubation. The results show six genus of fungi viz. Alternaria alternata, Penicillium citrinum, Helmenthosporium sp., Curvularia lunata, Geotricum, sterile mycelium. The Soil were also taken from the above 10 locations near the roots and Fusarium sp. which is pathogen to Delbergia was isolated from two locations. In these locations some of the trees were not vigorous. It is likely that Fusarium may be causing some wilting disease in the trees. Further studies are requested to confirm from the xylem tissue of stem of Dalbergia sissoo trees for presence of Fusarium sp. in them.


A receiving station for processing an aggregation frame of a wireless LAN, and a device and a method thereof are provided to transmit data at high speed by minimizing transmission delay of the data. A receiving device for processing an aggregation frame of a wireless LAN includes an aggregation frame reception processing unit, and an MPDU reception processing unit. The aggregation frame reception processing unit receives the aggregation frame, and extracts delimiter information effective in receiving the aggregation frame, wherein the delimeter information includes a length information of an MPDU(MAC Protocol Data Unit). The MPDU reception processing unit receives and processes the aggregation frame for each MPDU through the delimeter information.


Many studies show that the acquisition of knowledge is the key to build competitive advantage of companies. We propose a simple model of knowledge transfer within the organization and we implement the proposed model using cellular automata technique. In this paper the organisation is considered in the context of complex systems. In this perspective, the main role in organisation is played by the network of informal contacts and the distributed leadership. The goal of this paper is to check which factors influence the efficiency and effectiveness of knowledge transfer. Our studies indicate a significant role of initial concentration of chunks of knowledge for knowledge transfer process, and the results suggest taking action in the organisation to shorten the distance (social distance) between people with different levels of knowledge, or working out incentives to share knowledge.


Efficiency of collective beam-plasma interaction strongly depends on the growth rates of dominant instabilities excited in the system. Nevertheless, exact calculations of the full unstable spectrum in the framework of relativistic kinetic theory for arbitrary magnetic fields and particle distributions were unknown until now. In this paper, we give an example of such a calculation answering the question whether the finite thermal spreads of plasma electrons are able to suppress the fastest growing modes in the beam-plasma system. It is shown that nonrelativistic temperatures of Maxwellian plasmas can stabilize only the oblique instabilities of relativistic beam. On the contrary, non-Maxwellian tails typically found in laboratory beam-plasma experiments are able to substantially reduce the growth rate of the dominant longitudinal modes affecting the efficiency of turbulent plasma heating.


Successes in recent years in the archival field have been noticeable, but until recently, not measurable. How many of the aspirations of earlier generations of archivists, as expressed in this journal and elsewhere, have really been achieved? Concerns such as the impact of technology, the need for revised legislation, the development of records management, and education are all issues now prominent, and being examined. The work of the National Council on Archives and new sources of funding are also indicators of success. Increasing emphasis on the relevance of archives to the lives of all citizens is an important way of keeping archives at the centre of action.


Semantic Annotator for knowledge Graph Exploration, abbreviated as SAGE is a "Thing" annotation system. Here, "Thing" refers to any concept, named individuals (aka entities), entity relations, and attributes. The system is primarily built based on the idea of "string to thing" where the "string" is any given text (e.g., abstract of an article) as input by the user. For annotation, the system utilises knowledge graph(s). SAGE can be used by anyone for annotating Things and for their exploitation on the Web. The annotation of things is done through exact and partial matches. For exact matches, the system makes explicit the name of the knowledge graphs it is sourced from. It also shows the type hierarchies for the matched named entities. In the current work, we describe the SAGE annotation system, designed on pattern-based NLP techniques, along with its features and various usage, and the experimental results.


The dynamic education environment has compelled educational institutions to discover alternatives to optimize their data technology platform's costs and operational effectiveness. Cloud computing has developed as an important technology that could add more value by offering software and infrastructure alternatives for the university's whole IT needs on the web. In this article, the effect of cloud computing on academic organizations will be discussed and the main variables that make cloud computing excellent in educational institutions. The significance of using private cloud computing in education is demonstrated in a case study conducted at Al-Zaytoonah University (Jordan). The case study results indicate that cloud computing can save the cost and resources of university systems. It also shows that cloud resources offer learners and employees easy access and make cooperation more effective and efficient.


Abstract The origins of virtue ethics can be traced back to the Ancient Greek philosophers, Aristotle, Socrates and Plato.Friedrich Nietzsche, an assiduous student of especially Aristotle, is regarded as one of the notable philosophers of virtue ethics. Since management is philosophy in action and each management theory has a philosophical background, it is pertinent to assess Nietzsche who has greatly influenced the modern era by his assertion that moral codes such as codes of conduct in business for example, are mere interpretations of reality that we now consent to. This does not mean that things will remain constant in the future. Consequently, especially managers when considering business ethics need to ask themselves what kind of leader do they want to be in their organization? What is it that they essentially accept as true about humankind? Why and indeed how ought they to lead through a strong moral compass in a globalized world in which the moral fabric is eroded daily by inter-alia corruption? How do they seek get the best out of their employees for the benefit of all stakeholders and consider the people, the planet and the profits with a mindset that enhances the prospects of sustainability? If managers have a better understanding of philosophy it will indeed serves a useful purpose in making them highly effective in what they undertake. This paper in which the approach taken is historical-analytical thus sought to evaluate the potentially huge contribution Nietzsche could make in the field of business ethics and also sought to make his work better known to management scholars so as to empower them to 'do-the-right thing'.


Our previous studies of genes determining susceptibility to experimental autoimmune myocarditis (EAM) revealed Eam2 locus on chr.6. In searching for differentially regulated transcripts during EAM induction in susceptible A.SW vs resistant B10.S mice by microarray analysis, CD27 was identified in Eam2. CD70/CD27 are cell surface molecules belonging to the TNF/TNF‐receptor superfamilies and provide costimulatory signals for T cell activation and survival. In this study, administration of CD70‐blocking antibody FR70 exacerbated EAM incidence, severity and mortality in A.SW but not B10.S mice, accompanied with enhanced T‐ and B‐ cell responses to cardiac myosin. We observed a significant increase in IL‐17 in the spleens of FR70‐treated group, whereas levels of IL‐2, IL‐4, IL‐10 TNFα and IFNγ were reduced. Surface staining of CD27/CD70 showed that CD27 was constitutively expressed on naïve T cells and was downregulated after activation, whereas CD70 was largely restricted to a regulatory T cell (Treg) subset before activation and was rarely upregulated in activated T, B and dendritic cells. Addition of FR70 to in vitro cultures of cardiac myosin‐ primed lymphocytes enhanced their proliferation and IL‐17 production. These results show that blockade of CD70 impairs Treg functions, thus promoting EAM. Our findings suggest a novel molecular mechanism by which Treg may exert suppressive functions.


Possessing such functions as objective,assessment,diagnosing,feedback,mo-tiviation,forecast,etc,the examination is the key step for the self-study examination of higher education.To some extent,the quality and authority of the self-study examination depend on the effective accomplishment of its functions.However,influnced by the practice of exam-orientated education,the self-study examination has not functioned normally for years.At present,on the background of educational reform,the question-setting direction of the self-study examination ought to be changed in order that the exam-participants' disciplinary comprehensive quality,significance of knowledge for individuals and ability to solve problems as well as to creat be cultivated and checked emphatically.


With the development of the Internet of Things, location based services has received much attentions. Bluetooth 5.1 standard provides the Angle of Arrival (AOA) direction finding function, which opens a new approach for indoor Bluetooth localization. In this paper, a deep learning based Bluetooth indoor localization algorithm by received signal strength indicator (RSSI) and AOA feature fusion is proposed. For data preprocessing, the principal component analysis (PCA) is used to reduce the redundancy of RSSI measurement. The Kalman filter is used to smooth AOA measurement. Then, a convolutional neural network (CNN) is used for feature extraction which extracts the deep-level features of RSSI and AOA measurement respectively. After feature fusion for the above two features by concatenating operation, the Softmax layer is used for classification learning. At last, the localization classification model is obtained. The experimental results show that, compared with the existing localization algorithms, the proposed algorithm has significantly improved the localization performance.


Based on Matlab,the examples of PID Control and cascade control system of process control have been simulated.Because of the visibility of the result of simulation,the students further understand the feature,design and tuning of process control.The method not only increases teacher's teaching means but also arouses student's interest.


Methodology is one of the most important components of scientific research studies. In the methodology section, information about the design of the research, the population, selection of the sample, data collection tools, the analysis of the data and information about the statistical techniques used in the data are given. In recent years, numerous master and doctoral theses have been prepared. Evaluating the increasing number of theses and reaching some conclusions will lead to the enhancement of the functionality of research studies. Studies of this kind are available in other fields in the literature. However, there is a small number of studies on elementary school teachers. In this study the methodology of the master and doctoral theses prepared by elementary school teachers in 2010-2011 are analyzed, using the document review technique. It is hoped that the obtained results will guide other researchers who want to do research studies on elementary school teachers.


Title of Document: VENUS IMAGINARIA: REFLECTIONS ON ALEXA WILDING, HER LIFE, AND HER ROLE AS MUSE IN THE WORKS OF DANTE GABRIEL ROSSETTI Jennifer J. Lee, M. A., 2006 Directed By: Professor William L. Pressly, Department of Art History and Archaeology While much has been written regarding the associations of Dante Gabriel Rossetti with his wife, Elizabeth Siddal, and mistresses, Fanny Cornforth and Jane Morris, scholars have generally ignored, or at the very least, minimalized, the potential importance of his connection to Alexa Wilding. This thesis shall serve as a rudimentary biography for her through analysis of public records and private letters, and it will examine overlooked evidence in the search for the real woman behind Rossetti's most versatile face, and the influence of the artist on the model as well as the inspiration she gave to him. VENUS IMAGINARIA: REFLECTIONS ON ALEXA WILDING, HER LIFE, AND HER ROLE AS MUSE IN THE WORKS OF DANTE GABRIEL ROSSETTI


A numerical model is developed to predict the air−water interfacial area of water-wetted unsaturated porous media. A model space is first designed consisting of elements capable of containing a single material. Water, air, and quartz are considered in this work. The elements are square in two dimensions and cubic in three dimensions. The contents of elements containing quartz are considered immobile, while the contents of elements containing fluid (air and water) are treated as mobile. The fluid elements are then arranged in a manner to minimize the total interfacial energy of the system by the simulated annealing optimization technique. Air−water interfacial area predictions are compared to experimental data for two systems of glass beads. Predictions are excellent at high water contents, but fail at low water contents. The failure of this and other thermodynamic models at low water contents is explained by low hydraulic conductivity, which prevents low water content systems from reaching thermodynamic e...


Many athletes who suffer Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome (PFPS), they using kinesiotape while playing or less than two weeks, this condition make a question of there are efficacy when used kinesiotape while playing and practicing. The purpose of this study to ensure the use of kinesiotape for three days did not differ with adhesive placebo in reducing the risk of repetitive injury and q-angle in patients with patellofemoral pain syndrome (PFPS). The experimental research method to design randomized clinical trial design. Sample of 17 athletes who suffer from PFPS and time of observation for three days. Divided into two groups, kinesiotape groups (n = 9) as the treatment and placebo groups (n = 8) as a control. Measurement instruments used were Functional Movement Screening (FMS) and Q-angle. The results of this study, kinesiotape group able to reduce the risk of repetitive injury with p = 0.002 (p 0.05), and a different test with q-angle measurements using the Mann-Whitney test p = 0.63 (p> 0,05). The conclusion that the use of kinesiotape and adhesives placebo can reduce the risk of recurrent injury and the degree of q-angle for three days. It is clear that using kinesiotape have the same effectiveness with placebo were not elastic adhesive while playing a game and practicing.


Ship power system is an isolated power system, and the several generators are controlled to run or stop according to accurate load forecasting respectively. A new short-term load forecasting method for ship power system based on support vector machine (SVM) is presented. Three methods of the load forecasting, the SVM based on radial basis function kernel, the multi-layer back-propagation neural network and the radial basis function neural network, are compared for actual load data sampled at different operation modes from a large-scale container ship. The simulation results show that the SVM method can achieve greater accuracy than other methods, and is effective for ship power load forecasting.


Integration of gender in the six process steps for designing and using a results-based monitoring (RBM) system Central Questions1 1 Detailed information can be found in the 'Guidelines on designing a gender-sensitive results-based monitoring (RBM) system'. Process steps Notes on monitoring gender-relevant results 1 Examine/adjust the results model ` GIZ results model • Examine and, if necessary, adjust the results model to identify and depict the gender-relevant results (i.e., the intended results with regard to gender equality or strengthening the rights and role of women (or of the sex that is disadvantaged in the given situation)). ` Key questions to be addressed • Are there specific findings and recommendations on the intended results, based on the gender analysis that should be taken into consideration in the results model? Are these anchored in the results matrix and the objectives system? • With regard to the gender indicator at objectives level: which activities and results are needed in order to achieve the results measured by the indicator? • Which (potentially varying) results should be achieved among men and which among women? How relevant are these results to gender equality? 2 Clarify the requirements to be met by the RBM system ` Clarify requirements • What information is required from the RBM system with regard to gender equality? Who is to obtain this information, and for what purpose (steering, reporting, etc.)? ` Key questions to be addressed • What information do officers responsible for the commission/commissioning parties/GIZ Head Office require on the gender-relevant results of the project? • What information does the project partner need to monitor their own objectives and reporting commitments? • Do partners have RBM systems or activities designed to collect gender-relevant information and if so, how can these be used by the project or strengthened? 3 Make results measurable ` Formulate and specify hypotheses related to gender equality • On which (implicit) hypotheses are the intended and measured changes based with regard to gender equality or the rights and role of women/girls? Which negative side-effects must be avoided? ` Formulate objectives indicators and results indicators • How and by what means can these changes be documented, measured and proved? • How do the gender-relevant changes and results contribute to achieving (overall) objectives? • What further milestones (indicators at the level of activities and outputs) to measure the project's gender-relevant results can be derived from the results model and mapped in it? ` Questions on the open documentation of comparative perspectives (KOMPASS procedure) • In relation to which gender-relevant results of the project should the opinions and perspectives of stakeholders be canvassed? 4 Devise a monitoring plan ` Devise the gender-sensitive monitoring plan • Is the subject of gender equality or the monitoring of gender-relevant results clearly defined and consistently taken into account (for all stages of the project/programme cycle) in written guidelines or instructions that describe monitoring principles, procedures, formats, instruments, responsibilities, etc. for everyone working on the project? • Is the monitoring of gender-relevant results explicitly and systematically anchored in regular monitoring plans and recorded in the M&E system? • Are there substantive links with conflict-sensitive monitoring or other relevant key issues such as human rights, inclusion, political participation and poverty reduction? If so, has this been clarified in conceptual and practical terms? 5 Collect and analyse data ` Present/examine/discuss data and information on gender-relevant results during the regular monitoring meetings • How is the gender perspective (consideration of different living conditions and life situations, needs, potentials, opportunities and risks) incorporated into monitoring (collection and assessment)? What pointers and recommendations does the gender analysis offer in this respect? • What progress can be seen in the gender-relevant results or the achievement of the corresponding indicators? • Are there any developments in the associated assumptions and risks (e.g. gender-specific negative effects or discrimination) that require additional measures? • Is it ensured that people with proven gender expertise take part in steering meetings, during monitoring, etc. or that the various gender perspectives are adequately represented and considered? 6 Make use of the RBM findings ` Use the RBM findings to • examine gender-relevant hypotheses and assumptions, • derive conclusions for strategy and steering, • provide gender-relevant data for project evaluations and reporting to the commissioning party, • prepare gender-relevant results for PR materials, • feed lessons learned, good practices, etc. back into the company and contribute to institutional knowledge management, • make an active and verifiable contribution to implementing the GIZ Gender Strategy and achieving its objectives. Guidelines on designing a gender-sensitive results-based monitoring (RBM) system | U se o f th e RB M s ys te m De si gn o f th e RB M s ys te m


To provide a lithium transition metal phosphate powder for battery. The invention relates, LiMPO It discloses a method of making]. Li The resulting powder has a particle size of less than 1 [mu] m, and during the appropriate time, provides excellent electrochemical performance when mixed with electronically conductive powder.


User education programmes fall into two categories. They may aim simply to help the student through his course and familiarise him with a single library (short‐term objectives), or to provide a fuller awareness of the generation, role, and use of information which may allow him to research problems in any subsequent professional situation (long‐term objectives). It is argued that the latter are more valuable; the objectives of librarian and student on such courses are discussed in detail. A user education course based on long‐term objectives is described, and its effects on student and library discussed. Finally, the contribution of user education to the "information society" is considered, and user education programmes with long‐term objectives preferred.


Gold and silver nanoparticles have been electrodeposited onto fluorine-doped tin oxide by a two pulse method. The statistical distribution of the size and interparticle spacing of nanoparticles can be controlled by altering the overpotential and duration of the nucleation and growth pulses. Isolated gold and silver nanoparticle covered surfaces prepared in this way display a localized surface plasmon absorption. Raman spectra for immobilized trans-1,2-bis(4- pyridyl) ethylene have been recorded from isolated gold and silver nanoparticle surfaces with different mean particle size, and at different excitation wavelengths. The optimal SERS conditions determined for isolated gold and for silver nanoparticles produce enhancement factors of 5.6 x 102 and 4.0 x 103 , respectively. Reproducibility is typically 20- 30% RSD due to variations in the SERS active area exposed in different measurements and perhaps variations in the enhancement factor at different sites on a single electrodeposited surface.


Deep learning-based speech emotion recognition has been applied for social living assistance, health monitoring, authentication, and other human-to-machine interaction applications. Because of the ubiquitous nature of the applications, computationally efficient and robust speech emotion recognition models are required. The nature of the speech signal requires tracking of time steps, analyzing long-term dependencies and the contexts of the utterances as well as the spatial cues. Recurrent neural networks like long short-term memory and gated recurrent units coupled with attention mechanisms are often used to consider long-term dependencies and context in the speech signal. However, they do not take care of the spatial cues that may exist in the speech signal. Moreover, the operation of most of these systems is sequential which causes slow convergence, and sluggish training. Therefore, we propose a model that employs dilated convolutions layers in combination with hybrid attention mechanisms. The model uses multi-head attention to extract the global context in the feature representations which are fed into the bidirectional long short-term memory configured with self-attention to further handle the context and long-term dependencies. The model uses spectral and voice quality features extracted from the raw speech signals as input. The proposed model achieves comparable performance in terms of F1 score and accuracy. The proposed model's performance is also presented in terms of confusion matrices.


Suppose that the heat kernel on a complete Riemannian manifold satisfies global Gaussian bounds. We consider a Schrödinger operator for which the potential is a signed measure in a certain Kato class, and we establish a necessary and sufficient condition that the heat kernel of the Schrödinger operator also possesses the global Gaussian bounds.


The study was initiated in October, 1976. Several tasks are to be undertaken in the study. In combination, they have the end objective of defining the leak rates of plutonium oxide powder from characterized leaks. This is the third quarterly report of this work. Previous reports were issued as BNWL-2260-1 and -2. Progress on each of the tasks is reported. (TFD)


The Mediterranean fruit fly (MFF), Ceratitis capitata (Wied.) (Diptera: Tephritidae) is an important economic pest worldwide. The present work aimed to study the effect of peach fruit ripening and certain weather factors on population fluctuations of MFF on peach orchards during two successive seasons (2015 and 2016). An area of about 25 feddans was selected for the present study at Aga district, El-Dakahlia governorate, Egypt. The MFF showed two peaks of seasonal activity at the period of fruit ripening during the first season, whereas it recorded four peaks of abundance during the second season. Generally, these peaks of activity were confined between June and September. Population of MFF positively responded to fruit ripening. Among the weather factors, temperature has the highest effect on MFF population; relative humidity has the lowest, and wind speed has a moderate effect. The MFF population responded positively to both temperature and humidity, whereas it responded inversely to wind speed. Although weather factors had effects on MFF population, fruit ripening exhibited an extrusive effect on its population. Updating the information regarding factors that affect population dynamics of an insect under various ecological situations might lead to provide insights into pest control.


Background: Now a day, social network sites among students become most common. There are different and more advancing types of social network sites and have greater impact on the way the people use of it and have remained major public health issues throughout the whole world. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of an educational program on knowledge and uses of social network of students on faculty of nursing at Tanta University. Subjects and Method: A quasi-experimental research design was utilized in this study and it was carried out at Faculty of Nursing, Tanta University. Subjects: The total studied sample was 79 students. Tools of the study: Two tools were used for data collection; tool I: Structured interview schedule consisted of three parts. Tool II: uses of social network sites, this tool was taken and adapted from the instrument developed by Gupta and Bashir in 2018. Results: Total knowledge and uses scores were significantly improved from preprogram to three months after program application for the studied sample, where the mean of total knowledge score increased from 9.25 pre program to 13.39 three months post program and the mean of total uses score increased from 31.47 pre program to 38.54 three months post program Conclusion: The levels of knowledge and uses of the studied sample toward social network were improved after implementation of the educational program. Recommendation: Conducting lectures, workshops and campaigns to raise awareness about correct and accurate information of social network sites and its uses among other students and all community groups.


. The reaction leading to the formation of the Pb free Bi 2 Sr 2 Ca 2 Cu 3 O 10+ (cid:14) phase from calcined precursor powders has been studied by means of scanning electron microscopy, x-ray diffraction and differential thermal analysis. The observation of the transformations occurring at a fixed location on the surface of a pellet has shown that the formation of the Bi 2 Sr 2 Ca 2 Cu 3 O 10+ (cid:14) phase crystallites occurs simultaneously with a gradual decomposition of the Bi 2 Sr 2 CaCu 2 O 8+ (cid:14) platelets initially present in the mixture. The present investigations are discussed in relation with the formation of the Pb substituted . Bi ; Pb / 2 Sr 2 Ca 2 Cu 3 O 10+ (cid:14) phase. It is shown that there is a close relationship between the formation mechanisms of the Pb free and the Pb substituted phases, which both can be described as a nucleation and growth process.


Libraries are invaluable resources, documenting significant events that have shaped human history. However, the preservation of old books is severely threatened by insects commonly referred to as bookworms. In this study, a sample of infested books in a historic library in Taiwan was randomly selected and examined. An anobiid book-boring beetle, Falsogastrallus sauteri Pic, 1914 (Coleoptera: Ptinidae) was identified as the major bookworm species present. To facilitate its identification, both adults and larvae of F. sauteri are redescribed, with emphasis on its ultramorphological characteristics as revealed by scanning electronic microscopy. Furthermore, an undescribed parasitoid wasp in the Bethylidae was discovered in the frass, holes and tunnels created by F. sauteri. The new species, Cephalonomia formosiensis sp. nov. is described, and we suggest that it probably uses F. sauteri as host.


We examined the lifetime prevalence of 12 traumatic experiences (combat, child sex abuse, sexual abuse as an adult, family violence, other physical assault, theft by force, vehicle accident, other accident, natural disaster, disaster precautions, traumatic death (secondary trauma) and the links between these experiences and physical and mental health, via a cross sectional survey of 502 community dwelling New Zealand Maori adults. We found that the overall frequency with which such events occur in this group to be relatively high. Males were significantly more likely than females to report experience of combat, physical assault, theft by force, vehicle accident and other forms of accident. Females were significantly more likely to report sexual abuse as a child or adult, violence at the hands of a family member, and a traumatic death of a loved one. Younger respondents and those living in urban areas also reported more traumatic experiences of various sorts. There were some significant linkages between traumatic experiences and mental health (specifically PTSD, and the well-being scale of the MHI) but the size of the effects were small. We argue, that despite methodological limitations, these data are instructive about the frequency and impact of traumatic events among this group. ********** Over the past twenty years an extensive literature has emerged relating to the psychological impact on the individual from exposure to traumatic events--events which are outside the realm of everyday human experience such as violence, combat, and criminal victimization. This research has more recently been via community-based survey studies. Exposure to traumatic events may be more widespread than once thought with estimates ranging from 39% to 84% of individuals being exposed to at least one traumatic event in their lifetime (Breslau, Davis, Andreski & Petersen, 1991; Fairbank, Schlenger, Saigh & Davidson, 1995; Norris, 1992; Vrana & Lauterbach, 1994). Traumatic experiences are relatively common and are associated with negative health outcomes in a range of ethnically diverse populations (e.g. Holman, Silver & Waitzkin, 2000; Peltzer 1999). The present study documents prevalence of a range of traumatic experiences in a community sample of New Zealand Maori. The DSM-IV (1994) defines an extreme traumatic stressor as involving direct personal experience of an event that involves actual or threatened death or serious injury, or witnessing of an actual or threatened death or serious injury (p. 424). Green (1990) suggested that there are certain generic experiences which make any event traumatic. These experiences, or dimensions, are: threat to one's life or bodily integrity; severe physical harm or injury; receipt of intentional injury or harm; exposure to the grotesque; violent and sudden loss of a loved one; witnessing or learning of violence to a loved one; learning of exposure to a noxious agent, and; causing death or severe harm to another. The present study will consider traumatic events defined by Green's criteria. The first large scale community study to consider exposure rates to traumatic events in a general population found that 39% had been exposed to at least one traumatic event in their lives, and of those, 24% had PTSD as defined by DSM-II-R (Breslau et al., 1991). Norris (1992) examined the frequency and impact of various traumatic events amongst a diverse group of North American respondents Jiving in the community. Participants lived in one of 12 neighbourhoods across four mid-sized south-eastern US cities and were sampled such that there was equal racial (50% African American, 50% European American), gender (50% male, 50% female) and age (33% young--18-39 years, 33% middle-aged--40-59 years, and 33% older--60+ years) representation. Nine different types of traumatic events were investigated; robbery, physical assault, sexual assault, tragic death, motor vehicle crash, combat, fire, other disaster (including injury or property damage because of a natural or man-made disaster) and other hazard (e. …


AbstractHow we view reality is essential for our science of learning and education. We may know that paradigms are opening for our view of reality but they can be blinding as well. In this contribution a new vision on learning is presented which takes the concept of interaction as a central concept. Learning, then, may be viewed as fundamentally different, going beyond the orthodoxy. Learning, then, becomes a potentially nonlinear phenomenon with multiplier effects as effects of self-reinforcing processes. The modelling of the multiplier effects show the very truth of Vygotsky's adage that "It is through others that we become ourselves." We may co-create ourselves within a reciprocal relationship with the other. The focus is on building a new course of learning and development which takes learners seriously as whole human beings. Learning as process through human interaction, face-to-face (F2F) and peer-to-peer (P2P), in steady reciprocal relationships.


Background: Acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are associated with significant mortality. Objectives: The present study aimed to identify the risk factors that contribute to hospital outcomes of patients admitted with COPD exacerbation. Methods: This prospective cross-sectional study was performed on 74 patients hospitalized with COPD exacerbation. Pulse oximetry, complete blood count, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), procalcitonin (PCT), and venous blood gas were taken under standard conditions. The clinical condition of patients was scored based on the COPD Assessment Test (CAT) and shortness of breath based on the standard, modified Medical Research Council (mMRC) questionnaire. The patients were divided into three groups based on in-hospital outcomes (i.e., favorable, unfavorable, and terrible or worse). One-way analysis of variance, chi-square test, logistic regression model, and odds ratio (OR) analysis were used to determine the most important factors associated with outcomes. A P-value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Out of 74 patients, 43 (58.1%) and 31 (41.9%) subjects were male and female, respectively. The patients' mean age was 68.19 ± 10.62 years. The number (%) of patients in favorable, unfavorable, and worse outcome groups was 27 (36.48%), 30 (40.54%), and 17 (22.97%), respectively. As the CAT and mMRC score increased, the chance of terrible outcomes also increased (OR = 1.22, confidence interval (CI): 1.10 - 1.35). There was no significant correlation between worse outcomes and hs-CRP. The PCT was significantly higher in the group with worse outcomes than in the groups with favorable and unfavorable outcomes (P < 0.01). Conclusions: The COPD evaluation by the CAT and mMRC plays an important role in the in-hospital outcomes of hospitalized COPD patients with exacerbation. The serum level of PCT was also a determinant factor of prognosis in hospitalized patients with COPD exacerbation.


This article proposes a new method of implementing research active hotbeds with two important components such as innovation and entrepreneurship in computer engineering students considering a case study from Colombia and Costa Rica. The Active Research hotbeds is proposed as a tool to facilitate the generation of new ideas, solutions and proposals to resolve problems of the environment through an exchange of knowledge and a review of different topics between different Latin-American countries using active learning. In addition, a summary table is presented with the contents to be applied through the workshops and learning strategies and tools applied to the students who participated in the pilot plan.


We analyze the magnetization at the interface between singlet and triplet superconductors and show that its direction and dependence on the phase difference across the junction are strongly tied to the structure of the triplet order parameter as well as to the pairing interactions. We consider equal spin helical, opposite spin chiral, and mixed symmetry pairing on the triplet side and show that the magnetization vanishes at $\phi=0$ only in the first case, follows approximately a $\cos\phi$ behavior for the second, and shows higher harmonics for the last configuration. We trace the origin of the magnetization to the magnetic structure of the Andreev bound states near the interface, and provide a symmetry-based explanation of the results. Our findings can be used to control the magnetization in superconducting heterostructures and to test symmetries of spin-triplet superconductors.


Objective To study the therapeutic effect of hemodialysis treatment or Hemofiltration Treatment on acute severe alcoholism.Methods 65 patients with acute severe alcoholism were divided into 3 groups.Group 1:Traditional Treatment(21 cases):traditional treatment with naloxone.Group 2:Hemodialysis Treatment(25 cases):traditional treatment with hemodialysis.Group 3:Hemofiltration Treatment(19 cases):traditional treatment with hemofiltration.Then compare the therapeutic effect on the average time of consciousness recovery,complicating disease,mortality rate and the expressions of IL-6 and TNF-α between pre-treatment and post-treatment on the these three groups.Results The differences of therapeutic effect,mortality rate between Hemodialysis Treatment and Hemofiltration Treatment had no statistically significance(P0.05).The differences of rate of complicating disease between Hemodialysis Treatment and Hemofiltration Treatment have statistically significance.(P0.05).The differences of therapeutic effect,mortality rate and rate of complicating disease on Hemodialysis Treatment or Hemofiltration Treatment and Traditional Treatment have statistically significance.(P0.05).Conclusion Apply Hemodialysis or Hemofiltration can shorten patients consciousness recovery time,alleviate inflammation,reduce complications and its therapeutic effect is superior to alone-used naloxone.But for Hemodynamics unstable patients Hemofiltration is superior to Hemodialysis.


Climate change, as well as the rise of average air temperature could result in significant effects on forest vegetation. Many forest species will be threatened with extinction or forced to migrate to colder regions, and species more adaptable to the new climatic conditions that will be established, mainly exotic plants, will inevitably replace the older species. Ailanthus tree consists a fast growing plant, considered as a species native to China regions, which spread in Europe and North America since the mid 18th century. This species presents a preference to warmer and dryer areas, but has also the ability to thrive in a variety of habitats and withstand industrial pollution. It is characterized as a multipurpose species, as it can be used as animal feed, fuel, timber, in pharmaceutical uses etc. Its wood has an appealing appearance and properties similar to those of other hardwood species of similar average density. This article presents some of the most significant properties of Ailanthus wood that grows in North Greece and additionally, the properties of plywood manufactured with this species material.


Let S be a semi-group. For a semi-group S-set, we discuss some properties of modules graded by 5-sets and present a collection of finitely generated projective generators for (S, A, R)-gr, the category consisting of the left R-modules graded by a 5-set A with degree preserving .R-linear maps for the morphisms. For the smash product R#S*, we mainly prove the category of unital left R#S*-module is isomorphic to the category of graded .R-module on certain conditions.


Citrus tristeza Closterovirus is widespread in major citrus-growing regions of the world often causing destructive diseases. Citrus samples were taken from orchards in the Croatian coastal region. CTV was detected in two symptomless field trees of Satsuma mandarins and one diseased lemon tree. Double-stranded RNA was isolated from the field trees and the dsRNA patterns were compared in polyacrylamide gels. The same dsRNA extracts were used as templates in RT-PCR experiments amplifying the CTV coat protein sequence. Amplicons were subjected to SSCP and RFLP analyses. The results indicate greater similarity between CTV isolates from Satsuma mandarins than between these two and the lemon isolate.


The utility model relates to the technical field of manufacture of optical cables and provides a novel extruding mold for an optical cable entraining a steel wire. 5 holes are formed at the outlet part of the mold; a cable core hole is in the middle of the mold; the size of the mold changes along with the size of a cable core of the optical cable; 4 steel wire reinforcer holes are formed on the two sides of the cable core hole, wherein each side is provide with 2 steel wire holes; and the steel wire holes are symmetrically arranged; and the steel wire holes are communicated with the cable core hole. The mold has a simple structure; the steel wire can rapidly and conveniently penetrate the mold; the preparation time for producing a jacketed optical cable entraining the steel wire on a 90 jacket is effectively shortened; as the amount of steel wire reinforcers is increased, the diameter of the steel wire is reduced, the outer diameter of the optical cable is reduced, and the cost of the optical cable is lowered.


There is an need to quantify changes in the water cycle in the context of global change. Hourly rain gauge data collected at the Hong Kong Observatory for the period 1884-2009, except for the period 1940-1946 missing due to World War II, were analyzed for trends using both linear regression and Empirical Mode Decomposition analyses. Five rain rate categories: trace (T), light rain (LR), medium rain (MR), and heavy rain (HR), and the total detectable rain occurrence (p, which is the sum of LR, MR and HR), were considered. Overall, there are significant decreases in p (-14%) and LR (-10%, significant at 99.9%) and an increase in HR (+42%). The data were analyzed separately for the winter monsoon (DJF), summer monsoon (AMJ) and summer and typhoon rain season (JAS). This general change pattern persists throughout the seasons. Significant increases of 17%, 19%, and 49% in T, MR and HR, respectively, occurred in JAS. The increases in HR were further collaborated with significant increases in the decadal 90-percentile rainfall. We further examined rain event statistics which include the total number of rain events, event duration, intensity, and separation for each season. There is a decrease in the number of rain events, with significant increase in the event duration, intensity and separation, especially for the wet seasons (AMJ and JAS). The decrease of detectable rain frequency and light rain occurrence and increase of heavy rain are consistent with GCM results under a global warming scenario, which points to more extreme hydrologic events, such as flood and drought. We also noted a general increasing trend in the trace amount through the data record. However, the trend is negative for the dry season (DJF). This opposite change pattern may be related to the aerosol effect on precipitation.


We study the probability distribution of the number of particle and antiparticle pairs produced via the Schwinger effect when a uniform but time-dependent electric field is applied to noninteracting scalars or spinors initially at a thermodynamic equilibrium. We derive the formula for the characteristic function by employing techniques in mesoscopic physics, reflecting a close analogy between the Schwinger effect and mesoscopic tunneling transports. In particular, we find that the pair production in a medium is enhanced (suppressed) for scalars (spinors) due to the Bose stimulation (Pauli blocking). Furthermore, in addition to the production of accelerated pairs by the electric field, the annihilation of decelerated pairs is found to take place in a medium. Our formula allows us to extract the probability distributions in various situations, such as those obeying the generalized trinomial statistics for spin-momentum resolved counting and the bidirectional Poisson statistics for spin-momentum unresolved counting.


Stable isotope ratios (δ18O and δ2H) in precipitation (P) and atmospheric water vapor (V) can provide mechanistic information about water cycle processes such as moisture evaporation, transport and recycling dynamics. Such insight is valuable in the Arctic where declining sea ice is amplifying atmospheric temperature and humidity, leading to complex seasonal patterns of synoptic climate and atmospheric moisture transport. Here, we present two years of continuous water vapor isotope data from Pallas-Yllästunturi National Park, northern Finland, to investigate moisture source and transport processes in the Barents Region of the Arctic. High-resolution (1-sec) measurements obtained between December 2017 and December 2019 are coupled with on-site automated weather station data – including air temperature, humidity, solar flux, wind speed and direction – as well as event-based precipitation sampling and stable isotope data over the same interval. Over the two-years, mean vapor δ18OV, δ2HV and d-excessV values are -24.50‰, -181.49‰ and 14.49‰, respectively. These values are strongly correlated and define a local vapor line for Pallas where δ2HV = 7.6 x δ18OV + 5.9 (R2=0.98). We observe a mean offset of 10.9 ‰ between Pallas δ18OV and δ18OP, and d-excess is -4.8 ‰ lower in δ18OP. There is a larger offset between vapor and precipitation d-excess during summer (-8.4‰) compared to winter (0.1‰) that may reflect varying fractionation coefficients between solid and liquid cloud-precipitation phases. The timeseries exhibits strong seasonality characterized by lower δ18OV/δ2HV and higher d-excess during winter, and the reverse during summer. In winter these broad patterns are primarily driven by synoptic-scale processes that influence the source and transport pathway of atmospheric moisture, and three dominant oceanic evaporative source regions are identified: the Barents, Norwegian, and Baltic Seas. Yet on diurnal timescales we observe distinct summer diel cycles that correlate with local fluctuations in specific humidity (q). These seasonal relationships are explored in context of spatial-temporal patterns in sea ice and snow cover distribution, as well as evapotranspiration processes across northern Eurasia. Finally, to better understand how current changes in the Arctic hydrologic cycle relate to inherent variability of the polar jet stream and related synoptic-scale weather, our isotope data are examined in context of dynamic circulation modes of the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) and Arctic Oscillation (AO).


Issue Of the various communication methods used by interior designers, interior design students focus on visual presentation methods. Written materials accompany design solutions, but classroom emphasis is seldom placed on articulate writing in design. Goal The goal of the project was to redesign DHA 1101 Introduction to the Designed Environment to improve students' writing and learning. The research question was: Did the changes in the writing aspects of this course result in an improvement in students' learning or in their ability to articulate key theoretical concepts? Application A quasi–experimental method that reflected a pretest, treatment, posttest strategy is used to explore writing–to–learn in design. Student learning from two groups, a control group and an experimental group, was compared to determine if writing–to–learn strategies influenced their ability to articulate theoretical constructs. The treatment consisted of revised writing assignments and increased class time devoted to writing. Description A writing assignment from each group was scored by trained raters to identify a score for various components of the assignment as well as overall writing skill. Findings showed that the experimental group showed significant increases on overall learning; ability to articulate key concepts of a theoretical framework; writing skills; and the combined effects of final exam, course grade, and paper grade. Conclusion Writing–to–learn strategies employed in this study increased students'learning of important course concepts as well as increased their abilities to articulate those concepts. The value of this study lies in the implications for refined methodology for studies of this nature as well as the documentation of strategies that may increase writing–to–learn in design.


Hemoglobin studies have been presented on a patient with clinically typical sickle cell anemia who was found to possess two major adult hemoglobins, Hb S and hybrid Hb GPhil./S. Four hemoglobins were demonstrated in his mother, Hb A, GPhil., S and GPhil./S, in somewhat unexpected and as yet unexplained proportions. To our knowledge the propositus represents the first description of an individual with a homozygous β chain defect accompanied by a heterozygous α chain abnormality.


The dissolving pill problem is solved in all three dimensions after taking into account the acceleration of mass flow effects in the constitutive law for mass diffusion and relaxation. The method of relativistic transformation of coordinates is used. A trifurcated solution results. A Bessel composite function of the third order and first kind in one regime and modified Bessel composite function of the third order and first kind solution in another regime was derived. A third inertial regime of null transfer was also identified. The non-Fick diffusion equation can be derived from free electron theory after taking into account the acceleration effects. The solution to the second order damped wave hyperbolic PDE is within the bounds of second law of thermodynamics.


The effectiveness of smart home technology in home care situations depends on the acceptance and use of the technology by both users and end-users. In the Netherlands many projects have started to introduce smart home technology and telecare in the homes of elderly people, but only some have been successful. In this paper, features for success and failure in the deployment of new (ICT) technology in home care are used to revise the technology acceptance model (TAM) into a model that explains the use of smart home and telecare technology by older adults. In the revised model we make the variable 'usefulness' more specific, by describing the benefits of the technology that are expected to positively affect technology usage. Additionally, we state that several moderator variables - that are expected to influence this effect - should be added to the model in order to explain why people eventually do (not) use smart home technology, despite the benefits and the intention to use. We categorize these variables, that represent the problems found in previous studies, in 'accessibility', 'facilitating conditions' and 'personal variables'.


With the current proliferation of cyber attacks, safeguarding internet facing assets from network intrusions, is becoming a vital task in our increasingly digitalised economies. Although recent suc ...


The rheological properties of suspensions and settling fluid mixtures may be measured using a rotational rheometer which has been modified to allow recirculation of the fluid after agitation in an adjacent chamber. Simulation of the behaviour of non-Newtonian fluids widely used in industry helps to determine limitations to the reliable use of this instrument. Of special interest is the spin-up of fluid in the cup prior to taking measurements of shear stress and shear rate at the surface of the bob. In this paper, the helical flow of a convected Maxwell fluid in the region between infinitely long coaxial cylinders is described. An implicit finite difference scheme which is conservative with respect to the axial flow rate is used to predict the response of the fluid to a prescribed angular velocity of the inner cylinder. The relationship between the damped oscillations in the transverse and axial velocity components and fluid viscosity parameters is discussed.


This article aims the National Program of Production and Usage of Bio Combustibles- Brazil (PNPB with the castor bean crop as a favorable candidate for increasing the production of small rural properties, as well as the construction of a sustainable energy policy. Throughout the study, the policies and techniques of this Brazilian institutional arrangement pointed to castor oil as being suitable for farmers in the Brazilian Northeast. In the article, it is also verified some of the arrangements that combine local energy demands with the new technical elements for conducting a balance between biofuel and fossil fuel. This being the most efficient policy. The decision on the allocation of efficiency, in the case of the energy sector, has many concerns within the energy matrix. As a result, what was just a research problem, became the crucial point of commitment of the Brazilian energy agencies, both in the sense of expanding a platform of biofuels consortia as well as promoting incentives through the force of law. Considering that, since the 1990s, renewable energy sources are the main issue around the world, then the question is whether castor bean-based biofuel is a good source of efficient green energy? Who prepares this oilseed for future generations? What kind of by-products can this supply chain develop? To answer all these questions, the DEA method offered many insights into the new range of sector policies through the CONAB-Brazil database.


ITB International Geothermal Workshop (IIGW) is an annual event organized by Prodi Teknik Geotermal, Fakultas Teknik Pertambangan dan Perminyakan (FTTM), ITB. The workshop celebrated its 10th anniversary this year. It was held on July 26-29, 2021 and 25th September 2021 on an online basis through live virtual workshop (Webinar) via Zoom and YouTube. It was followed by more than 1527 participants from many different aspects of geothermal community, such as academia, industries, and government. This year's theme is "Synergy for Energy Transition: The Role of Geothermal Energy in Energy Transition", focusing more on Prospecting and Utilization of Geothermal Energy and collaborating Indonesia Geothermal Stakeholders by inviting speakers from various aspects in geothermal energy. The objective of the workshop was to improve community understanding toward geothermal energy is a part of renewable energy. This conference also discusses the latest condition of geothermal energy and other renewable energy in Indonesia and to draw attention from scientist, engineers, including academicians, industrial stakeholders, and also geothermal leaders about the initiatives, strategies, opportunities, and challenges toward geothermal development in Indonesia, and to show the commitment to the nation in achieving its 7200 MWe installed capacity in 2025. Participant's benefit is exchanges of view, knowledges and experiences on latest technologies and researches by bringing together scientists, engineers, academicians, experts, and industrial stakeholders involved in geothermal and other renewable energy studies and developments. As part of this year commitment, selected papers are published as open access volume of IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science. Other papers are published in the conference proceeding in print version. We hope wider geothermal communities will gain the same benefits as our conference attendees. We would like to thank all the supports that have been given by LPPM ITB, Geothermal Technology Magister Program Staff, and all chairpersons, authors, presenters, paper reviewers and all Webinar sponsors for assistance and cooperation in support of this event. Sincerely Dr. Eng. Suryantini Chairperson of the ITB International Geothermal Workshop (IIGW) 2021 List of titles CONFERENCE DETAILS, COMMITTEE, Synergy for Energy Transition: The Role of Geothermal Energi Transition, KEYNOTE SPEAKERS, SPONSORED BY, ENDORSED BY, SUPPORTED BY, MEDIA PARTNER are available in the pdf


This paper describes a project which applied Social Marketing techniques in order to increase the usage of pedestrian flags at crosswalks in Downtown Kirkland, Washington (population 48,000). Recent research (TCRP Report 112/NCHRP Report 562) has shown that pedestrian flags are an effective tool for increasing the number of drivers that stop for pedestrians. Despite the success and effectiveness of pedestrian flags, almost no research existed documenting how often the flags are used and why people choose to use them (or not). Therefore, there was no systematic basis for making decisions about how to change the program to increase usage. A description of the process used to discover and implement changes is the primary purpose of this paper. Achieving the goal of increased flag usage is an ideal application for social marketing techniques. Like commercial marketing, social marketing focuses on learning what people want and need in order to "buy". However, social marketing seeks to influence social behaviors not to benefit the marketer, but to benefit the target audience and the general society. Initial work included observing over 3000 pedestrians and interviewing several hundred to understand their choices about pedestrian flags, allowing a base usage rate to be established and usage barriers to be identified. Revisions to the program were driven by the barriers to usage found in the surveys. This included a branding of the program with a careful redesign of the program elements including flag and holder, introduction of private sector partners and other promotional elements. These were tested with a focus group and revised based on the suggestions of that group. The new program was rolled out in mid-October 2007. A follow-up measure of usage in March 2008, six months into the campaign and one year after the initial survey showed an increase in usage of almost 70%. This paper describes in detail how and why the program was revised and its successes. The City of Kirkland Washington pioneered the use of pedestrian flags at crosswalks over 10 years ago. (http://www.ci.kirkland.wa.us/depart/Public_Works/Transportation___Streets/Pedestrian_Flags_-_FAQs.htm). The program has become very popular and Kirkland now has 40 locations throughout the city and pedestrian flags are being used by many smaller and some large cities throughout the country. Program modifications described in this paper are low cost and can be implemented by any agency that currently uses or wishes to start a pedestrian flag program.


Potential (wet surface) evaporation is the basis for many methods to estimate actual evaporation. Penman's (1948, https://doi.org/10.1098/rspa.1948.0037) combination of energy budget with mass and energy transfer equations can be depicted on temperature‐vapor pressure graphs. Key to this depiction is two straight lines on the graph representing constant enthalpy of the air at measurement height and at the surface skin, with the gap between the lines representing a combination of aerodynamic resistance variables and available energy. The equations on which Penman based his formula are easily solved numerically (without need for Penman's famous assumption) for T0w, the temperature the surface would have if it was saturated, keeping all other variables constant. Wet surface evaporation is proportional to the vapor pressure difference between the measurement height and the surface skin. Equilibrium evaporation, based on the slope of the vapor pressure curve at T0w, is also easily represented in the graph. The difference between the correct wet surface evaporation rate and Penman's approximation is immediately visible on the graphs. The different wet surface evaporation rates are compared using data from a tropical savanna in Australia. Implications for the classic two‐component interpretation of Penman's equation are discussed.


In order to solve the problem of high broken and un-threshing rate of corn with water content above 30% during grain direct harvest, a flexible threshing device test bench with low feeding was designed. The guide angle, threshing clearance and drum speed were selected as test factors, and the broken rate and un-threshing rate were taken as test indexes to carry out single factor test and response test on high wet corn, and the test results were analyzed and obtained the best working parameters with Design-Expert software. The single factor test results show that: the selected test factors have significant influence on the test results, and for the flexible threshing cylinder, when the guide angle increases, the corn kernel broken rate first decreases and then increases, and the un-threshing rate decreases as the diversion angle increases. When the drum speed increases, the corn kernel broken rate first decreases and then increases, and the un-threshing rate decreases as the drum speed increases. The threshing gap increased, and the corn kernel broken rate and the un-threshing rate both decreased first and then increased. The response surface test results show that when the guide angle is 68°, the drum speed is 223 r·min-1, and the threshing gap is 33 mm, the optimal threshing effect is 2.49% of crushing rate and 0.171% of non-removal.


Odontepyris costatus sp. nov. is described from Japan and Taiwan. This new species is most similar to O. formosicola Terayama, 1997 known from Cambodia and Taiwan according to the key to the Eastern Palaearctic Odontepyris. O. costatus sp. nov. can be distinguished from the latter by the relatively small eye and the wide metapectal-propodeal disc. It is also similar to O. telortis Lim & Lee, 2009 known from South Korea, but it is distinguished from O. telortis by the imbricate median area of metapostnotum. The morphological variations and diagnostic characters of the Eastern Palaearctic species are briefly discussed and the modified key to species is provided. Key words: new species, Japan, Taiwan, wing venation


Prologue

The ability to bond two substances together has become increasingly relevant in modern dental techniques. The success of diverse procedures such as the placement of a composite resin restoration, a porcelain veneer or a Maryland bridge, depends on effective bonding between two different materials. Bonding is dentistry of the future; materials can be combined to take advantage of the best properties of each component. Bonding enables smaller, less complex and less bulky restorations with, overall, more effective treatment but is more exacting in surface preparation techniques and less forgiving of error.


A variety of methods have been used worldwide in dental age assessment in the living. However, since dental development varies between populations, population-specific studies are necessary. This study aimed at investigating the accuracy of age estimation using developing teeth from panoramic radiographs according to the method devised by Demirjian and colleagues in a sample of Northern Sudanese children and adolescents (2) Methods: A total sample of 917 X-Rays from patients aged between 6-16 years of age was available, but only 527 were suitable (265 boys, 272 girls). (3) Results: The mean difference between chronological and dental age for Northern Sudanese boys, ranged between (–0.389 to +0.571) while, for the Northern Sudanese girls, the mean difference ranged between (–0.056 to+0.732); (4) Conclusions: The results showed that the Demirjian's method did not accurately predict age in this Northern Sudanese population. Standards were produced to convert the maturity scores calculated by Demirjian's method to a new dental age assessment for Northern-Sudanese population


Digital signature can be realized by using RSA algorithm. RSA is widely used in public-key cryptosystem. But running this algorithm needs lots of time and memory. This paper proposes a RSA signature algorithm to fit for the devices with low computational power. The new signature algorithm is based on complex numeric operation function. This paper expounds the fundamental principles of RSA algorithm. The realization of RSA algorithm includes the generation of RSA cryptographic key and the encryption and decryption of data. By using RSA algorithm, we can use the private key of the sender to sign the plaintext and the public key of the receiver to encrypt. For the receiver, he can use his private key to decrypt and the public key of the sender to verify the signature.


The invention relates to a preparation method of an environment-friendly dry powder pointing agent taking slag powder as main raw materials, belonging to the technical field of building material preparation processes. The environment-friendly dry powder pointing agent comprises the raw materials in percentage by weight: 55-75 percent of slag powder, 2-10 percent of cement, 10-30 percent of calcite powder, 2-5 percent of re-dispersible emulsoid powder and 0.05-0.3 percent of thickening agent. The environment-friendly dry powder pointing agent has good caking property, good durability and high antiseepage grade, is not in contact with a tapestry brick, generates no cracks, and can effectively inhibit saltpetering. The invention widens a new approach for the resource utilization of the slag powder and has better social efficiency and economic benefit.


A new geometrical model for the fundamental mode of a Gaussian beam is presented in the oblate spheroidal coordinate system. The model is an interpretation of a Gaussian amplitude wave function, which is an exact solution of the scalar Helmholtz equation. The model uses the skew-line generator of a hyperboloid of one sheet as a raylike element on a contour of constant amplitude. The geometrical characteristics of the skew line and the consequences of treating it as a ray are explored in depth. Finally, the skew line is used to build a nonorthogonal coordinate system that permits straight-line propagation of a Gaussian beam in three-dimensional space.


Due to concern over the environmental impact caused by hazardous refrigerants, the last ten years or so has seen increasing research into thermoacoustic refrigeration. A thermoacoustic refrigerator is a device which uses acoustic power to pump heat. It holds the merits of simple mechanical design, absence of harmful refrigerants and having no or few moving parts. However, the performance of the thermoacoustic refrigerator, particularly the standing wave types, is currently not competitive compared to its counterpart conventional vapor-compression refrigerator. Thermoacoustic refrigeration prototypes, built up-to-date, achieved 0.1-0.2 relative coefficient of performance (COPR) compared with that of 0.33-0.5 for the conventional vapor-compression refrigerators. The poor heat exchanger design is one of the reasons for this poor efficiency. This paper discussed the influence of the thermoacoustic refrigerator heat exchanger's parameters on its design and the optimization of the performance of the system using the Lagrange multiplier method. The results showed that, the dissipated power is less than the published value by about 49% in the cold heat exchanger and about 38.5% in the hot heat exchanger. Furthermore, the increase of the cold heat exchanger effectiveness is found to be 3%. Thus, the decrease in the dissipated power in both heat exchangers with effective cold heat exchanger increases the performance of the thermoacoustic refrigerator.


ABSTRACT Mobile genetic elements in bacteria, such as plasmids, act as important vectors for the transfer of antibiotic resistance, virulence, and metal resistance genes. Here, we report the genome sequence of a new plasmid pLM-C-273, identified in a Listeria monocytogenes strain isolated from a clinical sample in Ontario, Canada.


the article highlights the important role of a lawyer in modern society; it is pointed out that there is a steady demand for the legal profession and genuine popularity; attention is paid to the problems existing in the legal education and analyzed some reform proposals for the improvement of legal education in Ukraine.


Employees can flourish through proper leadership and a nurturing workplace environment. Our study looks into the subject through a theoretical model that consists of spiritual leadership, and customer-oriented boundary-spanning behavior (COBSB) as a total effect alongside person–organization fit (POF) and workplace spirituality as mediating effects. Data were collected from hotel employees across North Cyprus. Our results show that linkage between spiritual leadership and COBSB is fully mediated when both variables are included in the equation. Also, self-esteem was found to be an enhancer for spiritual leadership and COBSB linkage. Our study takes place within the hotel industry of North Cyprus, with consideration of tourism being a significant industry on the island. This article contributes to the literature of both BSB and leadership through expansion into North Cyprus as well as the conduction of mediation analysis.


Based on GB/T 14337-2008 testing method for tensile prosperities of man-made staple fibers,the effect of clip distance on single staple fiber's elongation percentage,breaking strength,tensile strength and elastic modulus was analyzed emphatically.The results found that there is little effect of clip distance on breaking strength and tensile strength,while,the larger the clip distance,the smaller the elongation percentage and the bigger the initial elastic modulus of staple fiber.


The effect of food was investigated under conditions of a thorough QT (TQT) study and with confirmation of assay sensitivity by the use of a positive control (400 mg of moxifloxacin). Fifty‐five healthy subjects were randomized to treatment and a sequence of fasted and fed baseline electrocardiography days. Subjects received standard breakfast 30 to 10 minutes prior to dosing. Measurement of QT interval was performed automatically with subsequent manual onscreen overreading using electronic calipers. A profound increase in heart rate of 9.4 bpm was observed in the fed condition compared with the fasted condition at 1.5 hours after dose with a corresponding shortening of QT (27 milliseconds); (baseline data). When corrected, QTcF interval was shortened significantly with the maximal effect observed at 2 hours after dose of 8.2 (95% confidence interval, 6–10) milliseconds. A concurrent shortening of the PR interval with a maximum value of 5.6 milliseconds was also observed. The findings of this study demonstrate that food alters the QT‐RR relationship and shortens QTc and PR for at least 4 hours after a carbohydrate‐rich meal. The findings are of regulatory interest as this study shows that normal physiological causes can shorten QTc significantly and that it could be used as a method to demonstrate assay sensitivity.


Cerebral palsy (CP) is the result of an injury to the developing brain during the antenatal, perinatal or postnatal period. Clinical manifestation relate to the areas affected. Patients with CP often present for elective surgical procedures to correct various deformities. Anaesthetic concerns of anaesthesia are intraoperative hypothermia , and slow emergence. Suxamethonium does not cause hyperkalaemia in these patients, and a rapid sequence induction may be indicated. Temperature should be monitored and an effort made to keep the patient warm. Cerebral abnormalities may lead to slow awakening; the patient should remain intubated until fully awake and airway reflexes have returned. Pulmonary infection can complicate the postoperative course. Postoperative pain management and the prevention of muscle spasms are important and drugs as baclofen and botulinum toxin are discussed. Epidural analgesia is particularly valuable when major orthopaedic procedures are performed.


The image color may deviate from the actual colors of the object due to the lighting conditions and different illumination. Therefore, this paper proposes an algorithm for correcting the colors of digital image in various lighting conditions based on matrix calculations from all reference color charts surrounding the object. The six transformation matrix M for color correction have been calculated from six color charts surrounding the object rather than a single color chart. Then the automatic detection and recognition of the target color charts technique has been performed. Next, the image is divided into small grids. The matrix M elements at all grid's corners were calculated based on distance from each color chart position to the considering grid's corner position. Then, the matrix M elements for each pixel in the considering grid were determined by interpolation from the matrix elements of four corners nearby. Finally, the matrix M for each pixel is applied to complete the color correction. This technique has been tested on a table of 132 colors which taken in four different lighting conditions. The results have shown that the color correction technique can be applied for work that requires accurate color matching as a less costly. For our work, this technique will be applied to the teeth photos in order to match the tooth color with the appropriated dental crowns for further development.


An antenna which is combined the lineally polarized hexagonal shaped feed patch and the square shaped parasitic patch is proposed for wideband circular polarization antenna. The mechanism of wideband characteristics is clarified.


This paper proposes a framework for goal-driven pair drills. What distinguishes these drills from ordinary controlled drills lies in the motivating characteristics such as clear goals, outcomes, and communicativeness. With these features present, goal-driven pair drills encourage learners to process multiple layers of language skill aspects. A brief review of the relevant theoretical and empirical literature underpins the rationale for this framework. Three sample activities are introduced along with the results of learner surveys. High school students who experienced these drills showed positive attitudes more than university students did. They also identified some benefits and challenges in these drills.


System reliability evaluation can be performed using the two broad categories of deterministic and probabilistic techniques. The basic weakness associated with deterministic methods is that they do not specifically take into account the likelihood of component failures in the evaluation. There is, however, considerable reluctance to using probabilistic techniques in many engineering areas owing to the difficulty in interpreting the resulting numerical indices. An approach is presented in this paper to alleviate this difficulty by combining deterministic considerations with probabilistic indices to monitor the system well-being in the form of system health and margin states in addition to a conventional risk index. The concept of system well-being is illustrated using relatively simple network configurations. The proposed technique is also applied to a power system network to determine the degree of well-being of the various load points and the overall system.


The massive computational power available in off-the shelf Graphics Processing Units (GPUs) can pave the way for its usage in general purpose applications. Current interfaces to program GPU operation are still oriented towards graphics processing. This paper is focused in disparities on those programming interfaces and proposes an extension to of the recently developed Caravela library that supports streambased computation. This extension implements effective methods to counterbalance the disparities and differences in graphics runtime environments. Experimental results show that these methods improve performance of GPU-based applications by more than 50% and demonstrate that the proposed extended interface can be an effective solution for generalpurpose programming on GPUs.


To simplify the procedure for hybrid wheat seeds production and explore new thermo-sensitive male sterile genes for hybrid wheat production,the thermos-sensitive male sterile gene in the 1B chromosome of T.Macha was transferred into the common wheat line TM3314 with the cytoplasm of T timopheevi,by using the phenotype of the fertility-restoring gene linked with this thermo-sensitive male sterile gene in the 1B chromosome of T.macha as a selection marker.TM3314 carrying the fertility-related segments from 1B chromosome of T.macha was obtained,and thermo-sensitive male sterile wheat line KTM3314 with Ae.kotschyi cytoplasm was bred by backcross using TM3314 as the recurrent parent.The thermo-sensitivity of the male sterile wheat line KTM3314 was investigated by experiments of sowing at autumn,spring and summer in Yangling as the regenerated tillers from the individuals sowed in autumn as well.The results showed that KTM3314 was male sterile while sowed at autumn in Yangling,and was male fertile in some extent while sowed at spring and summer in Yangling,and the regenerated tillers of KTM3314 sowed in autumn after their early tillers removed.Combining those results and the results from the experiments in the temperature and light-controlled growth chamber,we could infer that the male sterility of KTM3314 was thermo-sensitive and not sensitive to the length of photoperiod.The male sterility lines carrying the thermo-sensitive male steril gene of T.macha,such as KTM3314,were named as YM-type thermo-sensitive male sterile wheat lines.The comparative study of this new type of thermo-sensitive male sterile line and YS type thermo-sensitive male sterility line are ongoing now.


This study reported synthesis and characterization of PVDF (polyvinilidine fluoride) nanofiber membrane using electrospinning method for Li-ion rechargeable battery separator. Electrospinning equipment system consists of a DC high voltage (HV - DC), a controllable spinner and a plate collector. The effects of the applied voltage on morphological property, porosity and thermal property were systematically investigated. The application of DC voltage at a range of 13 to 17 kV resulted the one-dimension nanostructure of the PVdF nanofiber. The produced PVdF nanofiber membrane separators are evaluated to have a higher level of porosity (86 – 93%) and a good thermal shrinkage property in comparison to Polypropylene (PP) microporous membrane separator. The produced PVdF membrane separators were assembled into the LiFePO4 cells and demonstrated high charge-discharge capacities at room temperature with the coulombic efficiency reaching 80 %.