With the collapse of the Soviet Union, Russia launched itself on a fitful transition to western style democracy. But with Vladimir Putin at the helm, the promise has vanished. KREMLIN RISING is the first book to go behind the scenes and reveal the secret history of 'Project Putin', the plot to seize back power in the Kremlin. After four years as Moscow Bureau Chiefs for The Washington Post, Susan Glasser and Peter Baker now document the methodical campaign to reverse the post-Soviet revolution and transform Russia back into an authoritarian state as Putin seized control over Russian television, jailed political rivals, cancelled elections and waged a brutal war in Chechnya against separatists and civilians alike. This gripping report takes readers inside the key events of Putin's rise to power - from its mysterious origins through the Moscow theatre siege of 2002 to the horrific slaughter of Beslan's schoolchildren in 2004. Filled with personal stories and groundbreaking reporting, the book features accounts from frightened army deserters, an imprisoned oil billionaire, a trendy Moscow restaurant king, a reluctant underwear salesman, and even George W. Bush, who looked into Putin's soul only to realize belatedly that his new friend was no democrat. With gripping, page-turning narrative, KREMLIN RISING opens a window on a country on the brink, where behind the gleaming new shopping malls the dream of western democracy is slowly disintegrating.


This study explores the challenges and opportunities of teaching social-emotional skills in classroomsettings in Vietnam. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with middle school students and teachers involved in the Ephata Summer Program in Ho Chi Minh city. This program promotes on social-emotional learning in primary and secondary school students. In this study, we focus on learning about emotion and empathy, important aspects of social- emotional learning (SEL). The results indicate that students and teachers have been recognized the  importance and helpfulness of social-emotional learning taught in school settings. However, student's assessment of their empathy was relatively low. They realized that there were diffi culties and obstacles from themselves and others, and proposed their own ways to overcome it. The fi ndings add to the growing empirical evidence regarding the critical role of SEL in student's social life and academics in non-occidental social and cultural country, and the needs to implement it in school curricula.


PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To reduce influence of shading inside a projection region, by making a distance from a first object to a second object, a distance on an optical axis from an intersection point to an optical axis between fourth and fifth lenses to aperture diaphragm, and a numerical aperture of luminous flux projected from a projection optical system PL to a second object side satisfy a specific expression. SOLUTION: The optical system has a first lens group 1 with positive refractive power, a second lens group G2 with negative refractive power, a third lens group G3 with positive refractive power, a fourth lens group G4 with negative refractive power, and a fifth lens group G5 with positive refractive power one by one from the side of a first object R. When a distance from the first object R to a second object W is L, a distance on an optical axis from an intersection point Q with an optical axis between the fourth and fifth lenses to an aperture stop AP is (d), and a numerical aperture of the projection optical system PL at a side of a second object W of the projection optical system PL is N.A., conditional expression, 0.01<d<{Lx(1-N. A)}<0.4, is satisfied. Here, (d) in a direction measuring from the point Q to the side of the second object W is positive. As a result, the optical system can be made telecentric at both sides. COPYRIGHT: (C)1999,JPO


Acute aortic syndrome encompasses different forms of acute cardiovascular conditions, i.e. aortic dissection, intramural haematoma, limited intimal tear and penetrating aortic ulcerations, often leading to acute haemodynamic deterioration with circulatory shock and high mortality. Risk factors are hypertension, age, and genetic conditions leading to abnormal fibrillin proteins facilitating aortic wall pathologies. Type A dissection starts from the aortic root and extends to the ascending and often descending aorta, while Type B dissections starts in the descending artery and may develop distally down to the iliac or femoral arteries. Risk factors are genetic mutations of pertinent genes leading to Marfan's syndrome and other connective tissue diseases, hypertension, and bicuspid aortic valves. The diagnosis involves primarily imaging with transoesophageal echocardiography, computer tomography, or magnetic resonance imaging. Therapeutically, Type A dissection is an absolute emergency and requires an immediate operative intervention. Type B dissection, on the other hand, is often treated conservatively with blood pressure control.


In the process of the high-power fiber laser welding, the weld pool feature is related to welding quality. Here, a near infrared image acquisition system was used to acquire the weld pool information. After acquiring the weld pool regional image, the methods such as filtering image denoising, image enhancement, morphological processing and image segmentation were applied to analyze the weld pool feature information. It offered a reliable visual information method for monitoring of welding quality.


In theatre and drama histories, the politics of the American stage has most often been judged by the litmus test of nationalism, primarily in the "rise" of American-authored drama set in America, the development of American character types, and the appearance of American-born actors on the stages of the early United States. To uncover in the old playbills the mention of a performance of Royall Tyler's The Contrast, to celebrate the development of the stage Yankee, or to focus on Edwin Forrest's muscular rant in The Gladiator is to score a palpable hit for national theatre. Given the scarcity of American texts before the War of 1812, this search for national needles in the (British) theatrical haystack is understandable. But the politics reflected in the theatre in early America is far more complex than traditional theatre histories have acknowledged. Fortunately, there are signs of a new historiography at work. Heather Nathans's recent history of the postrevolutionary playhouses (to 1800) in Boston, New York, and Philadelphia, for instance, uncovers a web of economic and social relationships among the shareholders in the various theatres, which shows that simple party definition hardly accounts for a clear sense of who supports the stage and who does not. Examined more closely than as buildings in which to launch "Jonathan," American theatres reveal their own traditions for handling topical material, a particularly thorny problem for cultural spaces dominated by British plays and actors. In other words, beyond identifying stage Yankees or following Forrest, finding the political in the theatrical may require other strategies of reading in order to determine the full range of interaction between the political and theatrical spheres.


The paper first lists some empirical researches on the application of fair value by Chinese and foreign scholars.These researches mainly focus on the correlation between the fair value and the stock price.Based on these researches,the paper analyzes the influence of fair value measurement in the content of a public listed company's accounting information.It uses the annual reports of public listed companies in Shanghai and Shenzhen Stock Exchange within the period of 2007-2009 for its research in order to find out the economic consequence of fair value application.It also forecasts the development prospects of fair value accounting.


Complete novel software for MDPS for the simulation and analysis is proposed for steering engineers. The software, MSAS, which can provide the functionality for MDPS Simulation, Analysis & Synthesis, is based on the steering system model, vehicle model and control logic. As the suppliers provide the control logic as a black box, this software is capable of using any type of black box logic or white box control logic that can be developed by logic designers. In addition, this software will be synthesized with the suppliers' s-function control logic and RMDPS together.


For the purpose of improving water-tightness and durability of sealed joint, the cross-sectional shape of sealed joints to reduce the stress-concentration at the adhesive part of substrate were proposed, and their fatigue resistance was evaluated by fatigue testing machine. The parameters of test specimen were the cross-sectional shapes and the adhesion types of sealed joints. Also, before carrying out the tensile test and the joint movement cyclic test, the stress condition into the cross section of sealed joint was analyzed by finite element method. As a FEM results, the maximum principal compression of rectangle joint was higher than concave joints. Also, in tensile and fatigue test results, when occurring adhesion loss on the substrate, the fatigue resistance of sealed joint decreased extremely. However, when there is adhesion loss on the substrate, the sealed joint with concave cross-section had higher fatigue resistance than that of rectangle shape.


(57) Abstract: Human growth hormone releasing factor (GRF) containing pharmaceutical compositions are described, more precisely, a freeze-dried composition of hGRF stabilized by saccharose.


The development of Mine Expert System is based on the development of productive forces,a conservation-minded society,and productivity improvement.Firstly,the application situation of domestic and foreign mine expert system is represented in the paper which is used in the mining system design decision-making,optimization,production and evaluation system,the production of information technology management,fault diagnosis and prediction,disaster prediction and prevention.The algorithm mainly includes fuzzy logic and neural network.The problem of current Mine Expert System also is analyzed in the paper and the development way is given finally.


Abstract The grain growth and thermodynamic stability induced by solute co-segregation in ternary alloys are presented. Grain growth behavior of the single-phase supersaturated grains prepared in Ni–Fe–Pb alloy melt at different undercoolings was investigated by performing isothermal annealings at T = 400 °C–800 °C. Combining the multicomponent Gibbs adsorption equation and Guttmann's grain boundary segregation model, an empirical relation for isothermal grain growth was derived. By application of the model to grain growth in Ni–Fe–Pb, Fe–Cr–Zr and Fe–Ni–Zr alloys, it was predicted that driving grain boundary energy to zero is possible in alloys due to the co-segregation induced by the interactive effect between the solutes Fe/Pb, Zr/Ni and Zr/Cr. A non-linear relationship rather than a simple linear relation between 1/D* (D* the metastable equilibrium grain size) and ln(T) was predicted due to the interactive effect.


The Seventh-day Adventist Church is a worldwide Christian denomination with a rich heritage. Thus, the Adventist Church considers itself to be set apart from the world with a unique mission; members also follow distinctive lifestyle practices. But are Seventh-day Adventists really a unique denomination or are they just a different flavor of mainstream Protestantism? Using data from the FACT 2020 survey and comparing the Adventist sample (N = 313) with the entire interfaith sample (N = 15,278), researchers compared different aspects of church life, including vitality and church growth, local church leadership, engagement in spiritual practices, and engagement in relational spiritual activities. While the data from the FACT 2020 survey present unique strengths of Adventist congregations, weaknesses were also revealed, as compared with the interfaith sample.


Shallow water flow (SWF) is a type of common geohazards in deepwater drilling. China is exploring the deepwater hydrocarbon, and it is essential to study the SWF geohazards. The formation mechanism and geophysical characteristics of SWF sands are firstly introduced. At present, the techniques for detecting and predicting include logging and reflection seismic exploration. Several seismic inversion methods for parameters picking are mainly introduced, such as, conventional Dix inversion, poststack amplitude inversion, tomographic inversion, and prestack amplitude inversion.


Testing CAN applications requires complex test systems. Several interfaces are tested simultaneously in real-time conditions. Some components might not yet be available leertaste anzeigen and must be simulated. The simulation must be as straightforward as possible ‐ otherwise, precious time is lost in testing the simulation rather than the real system. While specialized hardware test tools exist that cover some of these requirements, they usually do not support persistent archiving and test management. .faust is a fully configurable automatic software test system that combines aspects of quality assurance (version management, audit trails, user management,…) with requirements for real-time tests of multiple interfaces and/or components. Its kernel contains basic functions to test standard hardware protocols (CAN Bus, CANopen, LIN, Ethernet etc.), which are completed by a set of parameters describing the particularities of the component under test. A powerful scripting language offers the possibility to send, receive and process complex data or events to test diverse software interfaces and/or CAN-Bus protocols. Error situations and missing components can be simulated. Test data and results are stored in an Oracle database. In this paper we will present this tool that has been specifically designed for tests of embedded software in highly complex, safety-critical environment.


The present invention relates to or suspected of suffering from a subject suffering from renal impairment monitoring, diagnosis, prognosis and methods and compositions for determining a treatment regimen. More specifically, the present invention relates to a measuring method using the detection of one or more markers, one or more markers selected as a diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers in kidney injury soluble advanced glycation end The product specific receptor, bactericidal permeability-increasing protein, interleukin-12, fibroblast growth factor 23, vitamin K- dependent protein C and the intestinal fatty acid binding protein.


This chapter addresses some of the issues and consequences that flow from the extraordinary attention that a disaster at sea attracts. Successful handling of the aftermath of a major shipping incident disaster depends greatly on how well all the various communities and agencies of interest are kept informed and involved. The chapter identifies examples and proven good practices to stimulate awareness and appropriate preparation for some of the issues and practicalities of media handling and public information. Most people first hear of a disaster through the media. Indeed, most of what they ever learn about a major marine emergency probably comes through television, radio, World Wide Web-based (WWW) news pages or newspapers. Part of the Maritime and Coastguard Agency (MCA) response to all maritime incidents is handling media interest. Keywords: communications crises; Maritime and Coastguard Agency (MCA); media management; shipping incident disaster


A family of explicit symplectic partitioned Runge-Kutta methods are derived with effective order 3 for the numerical integration of separable Hamiltonian systems. The proposed explicit methods are more efficient than existing symplectic implicit Runge-Kutta methods. A selection of numerical experiments on separable Hamiltonian system confirming the efficiency of the approach is also provided with good energy conservation.


The growth of plants can be influenced when GABA was used under stress condition.It is very important to improve plant tolerate in agriculture.A substantial amount of research in the accumulation mechanisms and metabolic function of GABA under stress environment has been investigated.GABA accumulation and metabolism mechanism is related to plasma membrane transporter protein.In this paper,the GABA transporter structure and function,the discovery of GABA transporter in animals and plants,its phosphorylation mechanism and dephosphorylated had been generalization and concluded.


Abstract: The development of science and technology increasingevolved following the times, especially in education. Education thatcannot be separated from the learning process requires a tool that canhelp and support the learning process. One of them is physics learningwhich requires a tool that can show physical phenomena in real. Basedon the above ideas then developed atwood machine practicum tool thatcan be used in learning. The purpose of this study is to: (1) Increase thelevel of accuracy of atwood machine tools. (2) Produce appropriateatwood machine tools. (3) Knowing the feasibility level of the developedatwood machine tool. (4) Knowing the respondent's response to atwoodmachine tool developed. The type of this research is the development ofADDIE model which consists of 5 stages: analysis, design, development,implementation, and evaluation. Based on the research result: (1) thequality atwood machine tool obtaine the average percentage accordingto the media expert of 92% with very reasonable criteria, and accordingto the material expert of 91% with very reasonable criteria. The averagepercentage of experts is 91.5% with very reasonable criteria means thatpracticum tool can be used in learning. (2) The result of questionnaire ofstudent response got percentage 87% with criteria strongly agree thatstudent have interest to atwood machine tools in. Suggestion in thisresearch that atwood machine practice tool can be used and used forlearning process and practice tool can be developed become moresophisticated.Keywords: Development, Practicum Tools, Atwood Machines.


FOR anyone w ho wants to understand how the Pakistani bourgeoisie and dominant classes see Pakistan as a country, Shahid Javed Burki's book Pakistan: A Nation in the Making (Westview/OUP, 1986) is essential reading. Furthermore, if 6ne is interested in the views of the World Bank (where Burki works) on the economy of Pakistan and on the future path this country should take to develop, this book is also highly recommended. If, however, one is interested in finding out the real dynamics, the real forces, and existing reality in Pakistan today, Burki's book is nowhere near the mark and is a major let-down. The ideological framework of Burki is reactionary, to say the least, and his political position forms an attitude which is highly arrogant, callous and disrespectful towards the people of Pakistan. He talks of Pakistan as a very abstract construct and ignores the people of this country. Since Burki belongs to, and subscribes to, the dominant Urduspeaking Muhajir/Punjabi ruling class point of view, his entire analysis uses this background to discuss issues related to Pakistan and her people from 1947 to the present. His analysis of Pakistan today starts with an attempt to understand the forces, conditions and people who made Pakistan, a country (Burki calls it a 'nation') which was born in the name of Islam and was to be the independent homeland for India's Muslims. He discusses the role played by the aristocracy from the United Provinces in the formation of Pakistan. They desired an independent homeland for economic reasons as, despite being fairly well-off, they were still dominated by the Hindus, especially in the services sector. The Muslim Bengalis were mostly poor peasants who "wanted protection from the predatory practices of the Hindu landlords" (p 22). The Punjabi elite and landlords, who embraced the idea of Pakistan much later, are said to have done so due to "religion, especially in its revivalist form" (p 22). Note that there is little mention of the 'people' in the making of Pakistan and, essentially, the author sees Pakistan being formed due to the economic needs of the ruling classes among the Muslims of the United Provinces and of the Punjab, with the peasants leading the struggle in Bengal. These three 'communities' who are said to have "vast differences of language, culture and social and economic background" (p 10) thus became, for the author, the founding fathers of Pakistan. As he says "the state of Pakistan, therefore, was the product of a number of different aspirations expressed quite unambiguously by three rather different Muslim communities of British India" (p 24). Burki's analysis of the formation of Pakistan (pp 9-24) completely lacks an evaluation of the role of the Muslims of the areas which later became Sind, Baluchistan and the North-West Frontier Province (NWFP) in independent Pakistan. The author quite blatantly ignores this question and we learn nothing about the perception of the people of these provinces with regard to their future. This is quite clearly a very chauvinistic (one should say 'Pakistani', i e, Muhajir/Punjabi ruling class) view which refuses to even acknowledge the role of the smaller minority provinces in the formation of Pakistan.


High-quality, detailed vehicle trajectory data contain valuable traffic information, but the complexity of traffic evolutions hidden in such data makes it difficult to understand in its raw format. While statistical methods are useful for extracting information, it does not entirely leverage the intuition human has for visually inspecting patterns. This paper proposes a visualization to aid the understanding of traffic patterns in detailed vehicle trajectory data. The proposed 4D visualization draws a colored line for each vehicle's trajectory in a three dimensional graph. The four dimensions of data are time (x-axis), distance traveled along the road (y-axis), lane identification (z-axis) and vehicle's speed (color of the line). With this visualization, human can inspect patterns, such as speed oscillations, traffic transitions and the speed patterns in different lanes. The benefit of this approach is that both experts and novices can apply their ability to visually recognize patterns in understanding traffic data.


Video enhanced fluorescence microscopy coupled to digitized image processing was used to follow the dynamics of chromatin changes in live one cell mouse embryos. The experimentation on live material was made possible through the use of very low concentrations of the DNA specific fluorophore, Hoechst 33342, and very low irradiation intensities, which maintain a good viability of embryos.


Contrary to high dynamic range imaging, the preservation of details and the avoidance of artifacts is not explicitly considered in popular color management systems. An effective way to overcome these difficulties is image filtering. In this paper we investigate several image filter concepts for detail preservation as part of a practical gamut mapping strategy. In particular we define four concepts including various image filters and check their performance with a psycho-visual test. Additionally, we compare our performance evaluation to two image quality measures with emphasis on local contrast. Surprisingly, the most simple filter concept performs highly efficient and achieves an image quality which is comparable to the more established but slower methods.


The convolution structure of the Tchebycheff series expansions and the Tchebycheff finite-difference operator generate an operational calculus which can be fruitfully used to solve certain ordinary and partial difference equations.


The coach of an intercollegiate women's gymnastics team must choose a lineup to maximize the potential total team score by optimally assigning gymnasts to the different events. Manual computation of total scores possible from several lineups is burdensome. A bivalent integer programming formulation was used to establish the competitive lineup for intercollegiate matches at Utah State.


The utility model discloses an externally mounted electric roller, pertaining to the driving device used for belt-type conveying machinery, mainly comprising a roller body, a bearing seat, a motor and an internal gear reduction mechanism mounted in the roller body; wherein the bearing seat comprises a left bearing seat and a right bearing seat separately arranged on both ends of the roller body; the input shaft for providing power for the gear reduction mechanism is connected with the motor outside the roller body through the left bearing seat; the gear reduction mechanism drives the roller to tow the belt; the gear reduction mechanism is a two-stage planetary gear reduction mechanism. The utility model employs a two-stage planetary gear reduction mechanism, increasing the number of engaged gears, enabling the high power development direction of the externally mounted electric roller.


This research tried to look effect of macroeconomic, demographic and governance factors on income inequality in 34 sub-Saharan Africa countries by using unbalance panel data spanning from 2010 to 2017. Two step System GMM estimation was conducted for the econometrics analysis of Dynamic Panel Data model. The finding revealed income inequality has dynamic nature. Also Kuznets' hypothesis is worked in these countries: where economic growth is found to have significant increasing effect on income inequality in short run while in the long run its' effect is significant and decreasing. Population growth is the other variable which is found to have increasing effect on income inequality. Differently, FDI and low perception of corruption decrease income inequality. Therefore, much focus will have to be given to achieve sustainable development objective, promoting FDI and controlling of corruption. Also managing the population growth is important.


Background Currently there is no unified data classification and coding standard for the existing human disease animal model resource data worldwide. Different data classification and coding systems produce different retrieval methods. Some of these methods are inefficient and difficult to use. This research investigated the rules for the classification and coding of such data based on the Replication Methodology of Animal Models for Human Disease, the Classification and Coding Rules for Health Information Data Set (WS/T 306–2009), the Science and Technology Resource Identification (GB/T 32843–2016), the Scientific Data Management Measures (000014349/2018-00052), and The Generic Description Specification for Natural Science and Technology Resources. This research aimed to develop a classification and coding system for data obtained from human disease animal model resource based on the Internet environment to provide a standardized and unified foundation for the collection, saving, retrieval, and sharing of data from this resource. Results A complete data classification and coding table compiled in the form of letters and numbers was produced, with a classification infrastructure that expanded layer by layer according to the three dimensions (namely, system diseases, animal species, and modeling methods) and essential attributes. When necessary, it adopted the hierarchy of major, intermediate, and minor categories for certain layer and also one-to-one matched the code and classification result. Conclusion Through this study, a sharing and joint construction mechanism for data from this resource can be developed by all research institutes in this field. As a case study, this research also offered technical support for constructing the database for the National Human Disease Animal Model Resource Center. The technological innovation of this paper is to derive a research oriented retrieval method, which provides technical support for the research on the current COVID-19 epidemic and on possible future epidemics.


Automatic speech recognition has been a goal of worldwide research for many years. Its ultimate objective is to achieve exible, convenient and e cient man-machine communication through natural speech. Although speech recognition technology has acquired great success for many Western alphabetic languages, Cantonese, as one of the major Chinese dialects, still remains untouched by research scientists working in this area. This thesis describes an unprecedented complete study on automatic recognition of Cantonese syllables. It makes important original contributions by: 1) establishing a novel engineering perspective of Cantonese speech, 2) discovering and compiling useful linguistic and acoustic properties of Cantonese from speech recognition point of view, and 3) developing a number of e ective techniques specially for Cantonese speech recognition. Cantonese is a monosyllabic and tonal language. Complete recognition of a Cantonese syllable requires parallel identi cation of the base syllable and the lexical tone. Cantonese has a very complicated tone system and this makes accurate tone recognition extremely di cult. In this thesis, an e cient approach is proposed and implemented for tone recognition of isolated Cantonese syllables. The approach utilizes only ve supra-segmental feature parameters to characterize and discriminate the nine Cantonese tones. These parameters are selected carefully based on both linguistic knowledge and acoustic observations. A multi-layer perceptron (MLP) is trained to classify the feature parameters and produce the recognition result. Experimental results show remarkable performance of the tone recognizer. For multi-speaker application, a recognition accuracy of 87.6% can be attained, which is fairly satisfactory when compared with the performance of human listeners.


Here we present a novel and extremely simple method that can manipulate magnetic label-free nanoliter water-drops using micro-nanoliter magnetically controlled hydrophobic ferro-drops used as magnetic mediators. Water-drops and ferro-drops can be dynamically connected under interface force of water/oil, allowing water-drops to be rapidly motioned on threedimensional open platforms and transferred through space like micro-pipette. Each generated water-drop can be selectively encapsulated with a drop of mineral oil for preventing evaporation and then completely transferred to surfaces of water-phase, oil-phase and solid-phase without any liquid residue due to magnetic repulsion.


Are the results of the analysis of the friction in the relation of the top fastening cores ship slow-diesels. Recommendations on calculation of frictional forces and construct these linkages are given, taking into account a member of factors and the patented authors and the patented author of the design of these devices.


Selfand cross-pollination effects on mango pericarp and seed weights were studied. Fruit was collected from cultivar `6±6' trees caged with, and without, `Tommy Atkins' (`Tommy') as he pollenizer, and from plots consisting of adjacent blocks of `Maya' and `Tommy' or `Maya' and `Kent' cultivars. Selfed and outcrossed offspring were identified using the triosephosphate isomerase (TPI) isozyme system. Selfed `Keitt' progeny showed no significant relationship between TPI isozyme genotypes and pericarp and seed weights. No significant differences in pericarp or seed weights were found between outcrossed and selfed fruit for `Maya', `Tommy' or `Kent'. In contrast, pericarp and seed weights from fruit of `6±6' originating from crosspollination were >50% heavier than self-pollinated fruit. # 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.


Bladder weight and detrusor blood perfusion increases significantly with infravesical obstruction (IVO) and release of obstruction results in reduction of bladder weight and detrusor blood flow. 38 patients with IVO were subjected to color Doppler ultrasonography (CD U) to detect the blood flow in the hypertrophied detrusor muscle. Blood flow was detected in 84.5% (Fisher exact probability <0.001). After surgical relief of obstruction, blood flow remained positive in 21.05% patients at 3 months and 13.10% patients at 6 months, which was because of persistence of IVO. Color Doppler ultrasonography (CDU) is a simple and non-invasive tool which can help in diagnosis and follow-up of infravesical obstruction.


Youth entrepreneurial autonomy needs to be developed. Several programs that involve students in entrepreneurial activities demand a social environment and play an essential role in the development of student thinking to determine business strategies in entrepreneurship. The purpose of this study is to identify the profile of student independence in entrepreneurship. In addition, this study aims to analyze the influence of entrepreneurial interest and social environment on students' entrepreneurial autonomy. The method used is correlational, where the data collection uses questionnaires and data analysis using regression analysis assisted by the SPSS application. The results showed the independence of student entrepreneurship in the high category with a percentage of 94.11%. So, 5.89% of students with low entrepreneurial autonomy need a particular approach to develop their entrepreneurial independence. From the results of this study hoped the next research will implement of soft skills that increasing students' entrepreneurial autonomy who have low category.

Keywords: entrepreneurial interest, social environment, entrepreneurial autonomy, entrepreneurial independence


Epitaxial GaN films were grown on c-sapphire by rf magnetron reactive sputtering of GaAs at different partial pressures of nitrogen in Ar–N2 sputtering atmosphere. High-resolution x-ray diffraction and φ-scans reveal the mosaic growth of c-axis oriented, wurtzite GaN films. The c and a parameters were independently determined to obtain the corresponding in-plane and out-of-plane strain components. Raman measurements confirmed the in-plane strain behavior. The surface morphology and elemental composition of films were studied by atomic force microscopy and secondary ion mass spectroscopy, respectively. High-resolution ω-2θ, ω, and in-plane φ-rocking curve scans were used to obtain micro-strain, screw and edge dislocation densities, respectively. The films grown at 30%–100% N2 reveal dominance of edge (∼1012 cm−2) over screw (∼1010 cm−2) dislocations, with both approaching similar densities at lower N2 percentages. The strain data has been analyzed to separate the hydrostatic and biaxial contributions and their dependences on N2 percentage. The film grown at 100% N2 displays large hydrostatic strain and micro-strain due to the presence of excess/interstitial nitrogen. The hydrostatic strain and micro-strain decrease substantially with initial decrease of N2 percentage, but increase slightly in the films grown below 30% N2, primarily due to the incorporation of Ar. The films grown below 75% N2 display growth-related intrinsic tensile stress, originating from crystallite coalescence. The stress reversal from tensile to compressive, seen in the films grown at higher N2 percentages is primarily attributed to the incorporation of excess/interstitial nitrogen into grain boundaries and the tensile side of edge dislocations. The decrease of intrinsic tensile stress in the films grown below 30% N2 is attributed to the incorporation of Ar and their voided structure.


The spectra were measured with hand-spectral instrument in Hangzhou Bay, and the water samples were collected in situ and analyzed in the lab. The correlations between chlorophyll-a and total suspended matter and the measured spectral reflectivity were analyzed, and chlorophyll and total suspended matter concentrations were estimated by using the combination of the field measured spectral reflectance and Quickbird image, respectively. Simulating Quickbird bands which would be validated for the estimation of chlorophyll and total suspended matter content were described. The estimation regression models were constructed and discussed in this paper. Two of the most precise estimation models were used to estimate the chlorophyll and total suspended matter concentration. The results showed that Quickbird images are the appropriate data resources in the high spatial remote sensing to estimate the chlorophyll-a and total suspended matter, and it is more precise to estimate chlorophyll content with the two bands of Quickbird image. The combination of band 3 and band 1 are better to estimate chlorophyll content, and the correlation between band 4 and band1 and total suspended matter is also very close, and the most precise band to estimate total suspended matter is band 4 and band 1.


A review of 96 studies on psychological contract yielded 41 primary studies included in a meta-analytic revision, 28 using perceived breach as a predictor and 13 using fulfillment. In this study, meta-analytic procedures were used to examine the relationship between psychological contract perceived breach or fulfillment and outcomes, such as organizational commitment, job satisfaction and organizational citizenship behaviors. All yielded significant effect sizes, with the smallest for the relationship the perceived breach of the psychological contract or its fulfillment and the outcomes of the variability in primary studies. Results are discussed in order to provide theoretical and empirical implications.


No scientific research has yet targeted the athletic performance aspects or subjective judging protocols associated with elite half-pipe snowboard competition. Recently however, sport scientists from the Australian Institute of Sport (AIS) initiated a video based analysis of key performance variables (KPVs) associated with elite half-pipe snowboard competition. The development of a preliminary automated feedback system based upon Micro-electrochemical Systems (MEMS) sensors such as tri-axial accelerometers and tri-axial rate gyroscopes, designed to calculate objective information on these sport specific KPVs was initiated in parallel. Although preliminary, the results may provide practical benefit for elite half-pipe snowboard training and current subjective judging protocols. In light of theorised implications, this paper investigated the perception and possible social impact of these concepts on the practice community. Data was collected via semi-structured, open ended interviews with nine subjects (six athletes, two coaches, and one judge) currently involved in elite half-pipe snowboard competition. This study revealed 6 dimensions and 20 sub-dimensions relating to the practice community's perceptions of 3 major themes that emerged during interviews. The themes included: 1) State of the current subjective judging system, 2) Automated feedback and objective judging system, and 3) Future direction of the sport. There was dominant negative perception of a proposed automated judging concept based solely on objective information unless the system integrates with the current subjective judging protocol and continues to allow athletic freedom of expression and the capacity for athletes to showcase individual style and flair in elite competition. The results of this study provide the practice community an initial public forum to describe its perceptions to future automated judging concepts, nominating them to be the primary determinants of change, technological or otherwise, within their sporting discipline.


Abstract The influence of conservational tillage and date of digging on pod yield, crop value, and grade factors were evaluated as a means to increase the production efficiency of peanuts. Two cons...


The paper introduces an optoelectronic/image processing module, OIMP, which enables more convenient implementation of full-field optical methods of testing into industry. OIMP consist of two miniature CCD cameras and optical wavefront modification system which recombines the beams produced by opto-mechanical measurement system and images fringe patterns on the CCD matrices. The modules makes possible simultaneous registration of there monochromatic images as R,G,B components of color video signal by means of signal frame grabber or by VCR on video tape. This enables convenient and inexpensive storage of large quantities of data which may be analyzed by spatial carrier phase shifting method of automatic fringe pattern analysis. THe usefulness of OIMP is shown by two examples: u and v in-plane displacement simultaneous analysis in grating interferometry system and complex shape determination by fringe projection systems.


We explore how open theorizing contributes to theory development within and across scholarly communities in management and organization studies. Open science precepts such as open data and open res...


The research is field research with descriptive qualitative research. The research aims to determine and investigate the teacher's directive speech acts at kindergarten school. The research investigates a teacher in a day of teaching-learning activity at kindergartenschool. Deeply, the research investigates a whole sequence of activity in the class. Actually, there are 6 sessions of the learning activity determined such as; 1) forming in line, 2) circle time, 3) praying up, 4) learning activity, 5) take a rest, 6) learning evaluation and review, 7) praying up, 8) singing a song, 9) closing session. From this sequence of activities, there are three types of directive speech acts which is often used by teacher at certain kindergarten school like requests, requirements, and questions. Specifically, there are several types of directive speech acts in details used by the teacher such as asking, interrogating, inquiring, invite, command, order, hope, suggest, prohibit, advice, and others.


The Odd-Even Number Policy intended to limit the DKI Jakarta Provincial Government has implemented vehicle traffic. Since its first implementation in 2016, this policy has undergone several changes, such as the number of roads and active duration. The purpose of this study is to analyze and evaluate two traffic data and periods of policy enactment. The method used in this study is a descriptive statistical analysis and correlation test of each traffic variable with odd-even policy period variables using secondary data obtained from relevant agencies. The results show that each variable has different relationships with odd-even policy periods, which means that odd-even policies affect some of the traffic variables. As a result, there is a 42.97% decrease in the number of average travel time from Period I to Period IV of the implementation, a 76.36% increase in the number of average speed from Period I to Period IV, a 21.35% decrease in the number of average vehicle volume from Period II to Period III, and a 6.67% increase in the average number of BRT passengers from Period I to Period IV.


Based on systematical analysis for the characteristics of epidemiology,teaching status and the existing problems on medical English teaching of postgraduates,the paper put forwards an assumption to integrate the case-based teaching of epidemiological study methods and medical English.The feasibility and effectiveness of integrating courses had been researched in Harbin Medical University.According to the practice in courses of epidemiological methods,we found that the teaching model improved teaching efficiency,developed the medical English level of the students,and cultivated the ability of thinking and researching initiatively for the students.Meanwhile,the paper also provided suggestions for the further study on the reform of postgraduates'courses and training high-quality medical talents.

Key words:
Postgraduates; Integration; Epidemiological study methods; Medical English


75 From inforeview (JISA, Serbia) eGovernment Successful Centralisation in Two Steps. Interview with Sasa Dulic and Predrag Stojanovic — Milenko Vasic 78 Selected CEPIS News — Fiona Fanning * This monograph will be also published in Spanish (full version printed; summary, abstracts, and some articles online) by Novática, journal of the Spanish CEPIS society ATI (Asociación de Técnicos de Informática) at Publisher CEPIS UPGRADE is published by CEPIS (Council of Euro-pean Professional Informatics Societies, <http://www. cepis.org/>), in cooperation with the Spanish CEPIS society ATI (Asociación de Técnicos de Informática, <http:// www.ati.es/>) and its journal Novática CEPIS UPGRADE monographs are published jointly with Novática, that published them in Spanish (full version printed; summary, abstracts and some articles online CEPIS UPGRADE is the anchor point for UPENET (UPGRADE Euro-pean NETwork), the network of CEPIS member societies' publications, that currently includes the following ones: • inforewiew, magazine from the Serbian CEPIS society JISA • Informatica, journal from the Slovenian CEPIS society SDI • Informatik-Spektrum, journal published by Springer Verlag on behalf of the CEPIS societies GI, Germany, and SI, Switzerland • ITNOW, magazine published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the British CEPIS society BCS • Mondo Digitale, digital journal from the Italian CEPIS society AICA • Novática, journal from the Spanish CEPIS society ATI • OCG Journal, journal from the Austrian CEPIS society OCG • Pliroforiki, journal from the Cyprus CEPIS society CCS • Tölvumál, journal from the Icelandic CEPIS society ISIP Subscriptions If you wish to subscribe to CEPIS UPGRADE please send an email to firstname.lastname@example.com with 'Subscribe to UPGRADE' as the subject of the email or follow the link 'Subscribe to UPGRADE'


The tint prineiple of play i. man himaclf; throulh it he escape. hi. natural nature; he himself setl the value and the nalel for hil letalnd eonsentl to play only leeording to the ndel whieh he himself hai eatabliahed Ind defined.... Thil partieular type of projeet, whieh hai frecdom for ita foundation Ind ita goal, deICrYel a special study. . . . But such a Itudy cannot be made herc; it beloßlI ralher 10 In Elhics. . . -Jean-Paul Sartre, Being and Nothingness (1943)2


Which system of elementary school-education should be preferred, whether the functional and logical one (more humane?) or the reproductive one (drill system?) Is it the right way to choose both of these as Tolstoy`s method since it may be smarter option? The elementary school educational system in Serbia is prevalently based upon the reproductive. Is it the reason it faced its dead-end? The objective of this paper is to promote an e-model of a flipped & heuristic and functionally & logical learning with the example of animated content. An animated movie does not require any additional motivation to watch and therefore it is quite receptive as a learning source for the Generation "Z'' attending school classes in the elementary schools. The presented example of the animated scientific task intends to stimulate functional and logical thinking at pupils and the model is applicable for each and every school subject existing in the syllabus. The results of the conducted research at the sample of the pupils attending fourth grade were expected and support the claim of pupils being unprepared for this method of learning in great percentage due to the reason of the implemented system even though the motivation during the procedure was at very high level. Is it possible that the very reason for the poor results at PISA test can be traced all up to this initial flaw of the educational system incapable of fulfilling the need for early stimulation of the development of the synapses that are directly responsible for the intellectual capabilities of children and therefore for the level of the Gross domestic product of a country?


The authors' recent concept of bioinorganic filtration devices made up of solid-state membranes (SSMs) accommodating ring-shaped, ribonucleic acid (RNA)-stabilized tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) coat p...


Based on the empirical survey of 184 young migrant workers in Nanjing City, this paper makes an in-depth analysis of issues concerning the social integration of young migrant workers from economic integration, cultural integration and psychological integration. The survey results show that the overall level of social integration of young migrant workers is low; the dualistic household registration management system of urban and rural areas is the root cause, the lack of human capital, cultural capital and social capital is the underlying causes, and urban residents' discrimination and exclusion is the external cause; to speed up the social integration of young migrant workers, the key is based on the actual needs of youth migrant workers to take practical measures to gradually integrate them into the city.


The rapidly and globally increasing demand for energy results in challenges concerning not only the conversion but also the storage of electrical energy. The currently most common battery systems are based on the Li-ion technology. This technology was proposed by M. S. Whittingham in 1976, commercialized by SONY in 1990, and represents the best investigated and, due to its uniquely high-power density, most popular battery system today. However, for applications related to the Internet of Things (IoT), such as aRFID tags, sensors, smart clothes, or smart packaging, and flexible Organic Light emitting diode (OLED) the Li-ion technology reaches its limits. The demands for such thin-film applications clearly differ from conventional batteries (e.g., consumer electronics or electromobility). Vital requirements are flexibility, absence of toxic and harmful metals, the production from abundant and, ideally, renewable resources, rapid charging, excellent cycle life, and efficient processing using roll-to-roll or similar processing techniques


The author studies the composition,structure and working principles of electronic control system for the DSG dual clutch transmission.The diagrams of the DSG electronic control systems and the electro-hydraulic control system are provided together with the diagrams of electro-hydraulic shift control system and of the clutches K1 and K2 control system.With the aid of these graphics,the composition,structure of the hydraulic control system,and the electronic control system for the DSG dual clutch transmission are also thoroughly studied,and the automatical shift control principle for the DSG dual clutch transmission analyzed accordingly in this research.


Designing sustainable and scalable educational systems is a challenge. Artificial Intelligence (AI) offers promising solutions to enhance the effectiveness and sustainability of blended learning systems. This research paper focuses on the integration of the Chat Generative Pre-trained Transformer (ChatGPT), with a blended learning system. The objectives of this study are to investigate the potential of AI techniques in enhancing the sustainability of educational systems, explore the use of ChatGPT to personalize the learning experience and improve engagement, and propose a model for sustainable learning that incorporates AI. The study aims to contribute to the body of knowledge on AI applications for sustainable education, identify best practices for integrating AI in education, and provide insights for policymakers and educators on the benefits of AI in education delivery. The study emphasizes the significance of AI in sustainable education by addressing personalized learning and educational accessibility. By automating administrative tasks and optimizing content delivery, AI can enhance educational accessibility and promote inclusive and equitable education. The study's findings highlight the potential benefits of integrating AI chatbots like ChatGPT into education. Such benefits include promoting student engagement, motivation, and self-directed learning through immediate feedback and assistance. The research provides valuable guidance for educators, policymakers, and instructional designers who seek to effectively leverage AI technology in education. In conclusion, the study recommends directions for future research in order to maximize the benefits of integrating ChatGPT into learning systems. Positive results have been observed, including improved learning outcomes, enhanced student engagement, and personalized learning experiences. Through advancing the utilization of AI tools like ChatGPT, blended learning systems can be made more sustainable, efficient, and accessible for learners worldwide.


In this paper, we develop a new type of three-dimensional dye-sensitized solar cells (3D DSSCs) with double deck cylindrical Ti meshes as the substrates. One of the Ti meshes is anodized to in situ synthesize the self-organized TiO2 nanotube layer as the photoanode materials. Another Ti mesh is platinized through electrodeposition as the counter electrode. The morphologies of the electrodes are characterized by scanning electron microscopy. We investigate the effect of the mesh number on the 3D DSSCs with the dye adsorption, cyclic voltammetry, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The results show that with the increase in the mesh number, the dye-loadings on the photoanode and the active surface area of Pt on the counter electrode are increased, while the diffusion of the electrolyte becomes more difficult due to the reduced diameter of the openings in the mesh. It has also been demonstrated that the performance of this 3D DSSC is independent of the incident solar beam angle due to its axial symme...


Background Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) has been suggested to reflect early renal dysfunction. We investigated the predictive significance of serum NGAL in predicting cardiovascular (CV) death in an old-age population with coronary heart disease (CHD). Methods In total, 633 CHD patients with a stable clinical condition were enrolled. The measurements of serum NGAL and other laboratory indices were performed within 24 hours after admission. Adjusted analysis was used to assess relationships between serum NGAL and CV death during the 10-year follow-up period. Results Multivariate logistic regression analysis demonstrated that elevated NGAL levels were related to a higher prevalence of CV disease history [quartile 4, 2.41 (1.60–4.59), P-trend <0.001]. The Kaplan–Meier curve indicated that patients with high NGAL levels tended to have a higher rate of CV death than patients with low NGAL levels. A multivariate Cox model suggested that increased levels of NGAL were independently linked with elevated risk of CV death (HR=2.62, 95% CI 1.51–4.96, P<0.001) during the 10-year follow-up period, after adjusting for related confounding factors using sensitivity analysis. Furthermore, the receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve demonstrated that serum NGAL (AUC=0.917, 95% CI 0.895–0.940, P<0.001) had an ideal predictive value in predicting CV death. Conclusion Serum levels of NGAL were elevated in patients with CHD and may be a new parameter that could independently predict CV death in these patients, which may strengthen its potential application in clinical practice.


On the basis of statistical data on the total area and agricultural land, agricultural machinery, animal numbers and fertilizer the Polish territory was divided into 7 areas. Data were standardized and checked whether they represent a normal distribution. After examining the discriminative power of the variables, parameters of the linear discriminant function were estimated. This function allowed to divide Poland into 6 areas with different levels of development of agriculture. For each area separate classification functions were estimated. On their basis sub-regions were assigned for the respective areas. The classification was determined by variables: average total area of land and agricultural land in agricultural holding, the percentage of farms with fertilizer spreaders and the percentage of farms with at least 15 hectares.

http://ws.stat.gov.pl/WS/2014/2/WS_02_2014__5_Jadwiga ZARÓD - Wykorzystanie analizy dyskryminacyjnejdo badania stanu rolnictwa w Polsce.pdf


Abstract : The continuum theory developed by Lifshitz and coworkers predicts the van der Waals forces acting between colloidal or macroscopic bodies from knowledge of the dielectric spectra of the individual materials. Formal exact solutions, accounting for the effect of retardation, exist for planar geometries such as flat plates and multilayers and discrete particles such as spheres and cylinders. Each comprises a complicated nested set of sums and/or integrals over a spectrum of wavenumbers and frequencies of the fluctuating electromagnetic modes. The power of the theory lies in the natural accommodation of the many-body effects responsible for the quantitative failure for condensed media of the pairwise additive Hamaker theory. The price is the need for complete dielectric spectra for the component materials and involved numerical calculations which obscure the relationship between these dielectric properties and the essential features of the force. This report contains the analysis of and numerical results for the dispersion force between a coated cylinder and sphere based on rigorous expressions available from the Lifshitz theory for interactions between half spaces. The Derjaguin approximation satisfactorily accounts for the curvature of the bodies since the dimensions are large with respect to the relevant wavelengths. In addition to providing accurate quantitative results for a variety of materials, it demonstrates that the force is always attractive for bodies interacting across a vacuum, independent of the coating, and, for those coatings which reduce the force, no optimum thickness exists. Keywords: Adhesion forcs; Dielectric materials.


With the rapid increasing of wireless network and mobile computing, the network's safety becomes more important. As wireless mobile networks, mobile ad-hoc networks creates new vulnerabilities that do not exist in a fixed wired network, and is susceptible to attacks. In this paper, we proposed intrusion detection and the challenges of mobile ad-hoc networks, and have developed an anomaly detection system in mobile ad-hoc networks.


Abstract Both the product and the process of city planning have been shown to have an influence on mental health. This paper presents a model of the process through which community design characteristics influence mental health. The model emphasizes the importance of local social interaction and physical stimulation, as well as adjustment mechanisms used to dampen stress resulting from undesirable levels of interaction and stimulation. The research on the relationship between four community design characteristics and social interaction, stimulation and mental health is then reviewed. An argument for the importance of citizen participation is also presented, stressing the influence of participation on both sense of control and the development of social support. Commonly employed participation techniques, however, differ in their ability to affect support and control. Neighborhood council programs are identified as having the greatest potential for influencing sense of control and social support. Finally th...


Abstract The present investigation studied fluorosis among the population in the Jaggayyapalem area of Southern India resulting from the occurrence of fluoride in groundwater. Thirty water samples were collected and analyzed for major cations: Na+, Ca2+, K+, Mg2+, and anions: Cl−, CO32−, HCO3−, SO42−, and F−. Analyzed data were utilized to characterize the hydrochemical process dominant in this area. Gibb's diagrams suggested that the water rock interaction was the major driving force controlling water chemistry. Possible sources of fluoride were chemical weathering and leaching of fluorine-bearing minerals present in hard rocks and alluvial formations under the alkaline environment in arid to semiarid conditions. Multivariate analysis in terms of principle component analysis and cluster analysis furnished information about the sources of various parameters in groundwater samples. The correlation study revealed that Ca-K-HCO3-CO3, Mg-HCO3, and K-CO3-Cl are significantly correlated. Furthermore, from this ...


21065 Background: It is important to identify prognostic markers in stage I NSCLC given the 30%-40% risk of recurrence and death despite resection. The role of platinum-based adjuvant chemotherapy remains unclear in stage I NSCLC. The glutathione pathway prevents cellular DNA damage by oxygen free radicals and cytotoxic compounds. GST-p catalyzes conjugation of glutathione to cytotoxic agents and high expression may predict for platinum resistance. The role of GST-p as a prognostic factor in early stage lung cancer is not well evaluated. Methods: In a retrospective cohort of 93 patients with resected stage I NSCLC we used immunohistochemistry (IHC) to study the association of GST-p expression with risk of tumor recurrence and death. None of the patients received adjuvant therapy. IHC was quantified by a visual grading intensity of cytoplasm staining (0= no immunoreactivity; 1=weak; 2= clear reactivity in >50% cancer cells and 3= strong immunoreactivity). Grades 2 and 3 were classified as high and grades 0...


The Russian National Congress of Cardiology is the key annual event of the Russian Society of Cardiology (RSC), which gives an opportunity to discuss crucial issues of cardiovascular research and clinical practice on the multidisciplinary and international basis.

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The Russian National Congress of Cardiology has been held annually from 2000. Since 2012, one of the priorities for the RSC has been integration into the world cardiovascular community. As a result, increasing international participation, including the leadership of the top world professional associations, European Society of Cardiology and American College of Cardiology, has become a new feature of the national event. This ensures a remarkable contribution to its success as well as its scientific and educational value.

In 2016, the Russian National Congress of Cardiology was held on 20–23 September, in Ekaterinburg, the capital of the Urals …

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Objective To explore the clinical features and risk factors of diabetes mellitus ketoacidosis complicated by hydrocephalus in children.Methods 10 children with diabetes mellitus ketoacidosis complicated by hydrocephalus were collected from October 2002 to May 2010.The clinical features and the cause were analyzed retrospectively,and compared to 23 children without complication.Results 33 children were diagnosed as diabetes mellitus ketoacidosis,among them 10 cases were complicated with hydrocephalus,and the incidence rate was 30.3%.Compared to children without hydrocephalus,children with complicates had more severe acidosis,during treatment,their sodium blood rose slowly,with continuous hyponatremia and high urea nitrogen levels.3 cases of the 10 children were treated by bicarbonate,the dosage was greater than those without complication.Conclusion Diabetes children with heavy ketoacidosis are easily happening cerebral edema.It may increase the risk of brain edema because of severe acidosis,blood sodium rising slow or continued low serum sodium concentration,blood urea nitrogen rising and bicarbonate using.


This work reports Partial Reconfiguration (PR) by which selected areas of an FPGA can be reconfigured during runtime. Today cryptographic algorithms are not safe also embedded cryptographic hardware is costly. Hence to make it cost effective and to provide more secureness reconfigurable hardware such as FPGA is used with the concept of partial reconfiguration. This work gives briefings about the method of hardware implementation for AES encryption algorithm with Dynamic reconfigurable keys. Our implementation reaches very good efficiencies than the compared one as we have adopted our own methodology for key expansion. With the combination of adopted methodology & used FPGA this paper shows better agreement as compared to previous work. This implementation could be a good solution to preserve confidentiality and convenience to the information in the numeric communication.


The advent and development of remote sensing and Geographic Information Systems (GIS) have changed the methods, making it now possible to map and quantify urban growth quickly and easily. More recently in Kinshasa, Tshibangu et al. (1997) have integrated into a GIS a vegetation map drawn by Compere in 1960. This was possible thanks to the interpretation of aerial photographs and Landsat and SPOT images conducted respectively in 1982 by Wilmet and 1987 by Nsekera to quantify the urban sprawl. Delbart and Wolff (2002) evaluated the extension of the city of Kinshasa from an old map (1969) and the delineation of the city in 1995 observed on a SPOT image (from 1995). The current extension of the city (between 1995 and 2005) is not precisely known, but the figures are around 600km2 (Lelo Nzuzi, 2008). The purpose of this chapter is to map and quantify urban growth between 1995 and 2005 using a time series of high resolution satellite images.


With or without the pandemic, remote working is the new norm for many. Employees are enjoying the flexibility that remote working has to offer. Being happy then leads to better productivity for workers. Employers need to learn to trust employees more working remotely. They need to be prepared to face the difficulties that come with a "no border' world as the benefits of remote working can be better than the disadvantages. This study explores workplace needs for remote workers. 94 participants responded to the instrument. The instrument is a survey which has 4 sections. Section A has 4 items about the demographic profile. Section B has 10 items on Existence Needs through flexibility. Section C has 10 items on relatedness through work-life balance and section D has 10 items on growth through work performance. Finding reveals interesting finds on the workplace needs of employees who work from home.


The purpose of this study was to assess the clinical reliability and to compare routine lung function tests (maximal flows and resistance) and radiolo- gical images (computed tomography (CT)-scan and X-ray) in upper airway obstruc- tion. We, therefore, performed these examinations prospectively in 28 female patients (aged 68±13 yrs) with a goitre and without pulmonary disorders. Lung function measurements consisted of maximum expiratory and inspiratory flow-volume curves and of airway resistance. CT-scans and X-rays were performed during apnoea at functional residual capacity (FRC). Peak expiratory flow was 3.6±1.3 l·s-1 (i.e. 62±21% predicted); airway resistance was 0.38±0.14 kPa (i.e. 149±58% pred); and specific conductance was 1.0±0.3 kPa (i.e. 70±24% pred). Almost all lung function tests were significantly correlated with each other. On CT-scan the tracheal cross-sectional area at the zone of tracheal narrowing could be evaluated in 26 patients and was 58±17% (CT 1/2 ) of the control area 2 cm above the carina (CT 2 ). On X-ray the sagittal and coronal tracheal diam- eters at the zone of narrowing could only be measured in 16 subjects and were 60±17% (X-dia 1/2 ) of the diameter at the control level. CT 1/2 and X-dia 1/2 were sig- nificantly correlated to each other. No correlation was found between the lung function tests and the radiological indices except airway resistance and CT 2 . Routine lung function and CT-scan do not provide comparable information on the degree of airway obstruction due to a goitre. Furthermore, X-ray of the tra- chea seems to be unreliable in visualizing upper airway obstruction.


The paper formulates the basic requirements for up-to-date universal pipeline-parallel software tools, designed for a wide range of tasks. For example, distributed-cloud environments support, remote cross-platform graphical user interface, veracity of the main operation algorithms, fault tolerance, etc. The new solution will allow to abstract from low-level algorithms implementation details due to a modular internal organization and will be able to working even in cloud environments. The suggestions for based on Petri E-nets applied problem decision modeling in such complex are presented. E-net control positions in this model define a set of control actions that affect a task progress in multithreaded environment, formalizing many available control commands of load dispatching system. The resulting model is proposed to apply for intelligent scheduler working off that provides dynamic allocation of computational load.


With the improvement of the industrial production automation level,the industrial robots are more and more widely used in industrial production,which can replace the human workers to do monotonous,repetitive and long time operation,or operating under dangerous environment,playing an increasingly important role in machining,heat treatment,welding,spraying,assembly,handling,stacking and other industrial applications.In this design,industrial robots are used on production line,on which CNC machining production process carries out automation transformation and process design.Practice has proved that this design can greatly improve production efficiency and processing precision,but also can reduce the amount of operation workers and the labor intensity of the workers.


Recently independent work becomes an integral part of the educational process focused on activization of cognitive activity of students. We are convinced that the concept « independent work « is necessary for considering as complete system of actions of the teacher and the student. The maintenance of the task and the form of its presentation, the instruction of the teacher, used means of training, a choice of a technique define motive of activity of students, their actions, a degree of independence of work.


One important characteristic of modular multilevel converter (MMC) is the existence of circulating current, which consists of a dc component and a series of undesirable even-order (predominantly second-order) harmonics. However, only the dc part of the circulating current is required for power balance, the ac harmonics are unwanted. These undesirable harmonics should be suppressed to reduce device stress and power losses. Most state-of-the-art circulating current suppression techniques employ separate controllers to generate the arm reference voltage for circulating current suppression. This paper proposes an alternate approach, eliminating the need of any additional control loop. Generation of undesirable circulating current is prevented inherently in the modulation stage. Reduced switching frequency sorting algorithm based modulation framework is employed to ensure reduced switching loss. Suitability of the proposed method is validated by experiments performed on a three-phase laboratory prototype of MMC. Steady state and transient operation of the MMC in grid-connected condition is studied.


AbstractAs a core of the cloud computing, PaaS (Platform as a Service) provides a computing and software service platform to support large-scale cloud services. This paper presents one cloud comput...


; The electropolymerization of N-phenylpyrrol was performed on platinum (pt) electrode in an organic medium as acetonitril (CH 3 CN), propylencarbonat (PC) or dichloromethane (CH 2 Cl 2 ) containing tetrabutylammonium hexafluorophosphate (Bu 4 NPF 6 ) or lithium perchlorate (LiClO 4 ). For the catalytic effect, we add 10 -3 M of pyrrol to the first solution. Electroactive, adhesive, homogeneous poly-N-phenylpyrrol films are constituted; and traces of copolymers poly-N-phenylpyrrol- polypyrrol are detected. The dectrocatalytic effect of pyrrol and the effect of experiment conditions in the electropolymerization process are demonstrated by the growth rate of these films and their redox peaks positions. Many technical characterizations like spectroscopy Infrared and uv- visible, Xps analysis and scanning electron microscopy are used to confirm our results.


We used a proteomic approach to identify constitutively formed extracellular proteins of Hypocrea atroviridis (Trichoderma atroviride), a known biocontrol agent. The fungus was cultivated on glucose and the secretome was examined by two‐dimensional gel electrophoresis. The two predominant spots were identified by MALDI MS utilizing peptide mass fingerprints and amino acid sequence tags obtained by postsource decay and/or high‐energy collision‐induced dissociation (MS/MS) experiments, and turned out to be the same protein (12 629 Da as determined with MS, pI 5.5–5.7), probably representing the monomer and the dimer. The corresponding gene was subsequently cloned from H. atroviridis and named epl1 (eliciting plant response‐like), because it encodes a protein that exhibits high similarity to the cerato‐platanin family, which comprises proteins such as cerato‐platanin from Ceratocystis fimbriata f. sp. platani and Snodprot1 of Phaeosphaeria nodorum, which have been reported to be involved in plant pathogenesis and elicitation of plant defense responses. Additionally, based on the similarity of the N‐terminus to that of H. atroviridis Epl1, we conclude that a previously identified 18 kDa plant response elicitor isolated from T. virens is an ortholog of epl1. Our results showed that epl1 transcript was present under all growth conditions tested, which included the carbon sources glucose, glycerol, l‐arabinose, d‐xylose, colloidal chitin and cell walls of the plant pathogen Rhizoctonia solani, and also plate confrontation assays with R. solani. Epl1 transcript could even be detected under osmotic stress, and carbon and nitrogen starvation.


ABSTRACT   The objectives and targets in this study was to determine the effect of learning models and the ability dance movement toward early childhood emotional intelligence. Emotional intelligence is the ability to recognize emotions, managing emotions, motivating oneself, recognizing emotions of others (empathy) and the ability to build relationships (cooperation) with other people. The research method used in this study is the experimental method. In the experiment, there are two groups of subjects namely experimental group and control group. Because the research hypothesis is the hypothesis of interaction, then the most appropriate design is factorial desig;n, factorial design used was 2 x 2 fac- torial design. Treatment variable is the learning model, are considered to be a model student center and a teacher center, while the variable attribute is the ability to dance, dance movement capabilities are classified into high and low dance movement. The results showed that there are significant learn- ing model and the ability to dance on the emotional intelligence of young children. The implications obtained in this study that the experience of dance movement with a model of student learning center is an important cornerstone in the development of emotional intelligence since early childhood. Based on the best learning implications Art Culture and Skills should give students experience in dance movement. With that in mind, the potential students will be able to develop optimally.   Kata Kunci: Learning model, dance movement, and  emotional  intelligence Â


Tetracycline antibiotics are the products of the secondary metabolic streptomyces strains which show antibiogenic activity on different types of microorganisms. Due to their broad-spectrum activity, a relatively low toxicity and possible use in various pharmaceutical forms their application in human and veterinary medicine is significant. In this work we have conducted oxytetracycline biosynthesis through the submerged cultivation of Streptomyces rimosus in optimized conditions and tested the antibiotic activity of the filtrates of the S. rimosus culture and oxytetracycline according to selected test-microorganisms. We have determined the physiological indicators and the parameters of the biosynthesis of OTC with the S. rimosus bacterium during the 96 hours of cultivation: sterility test, microscopic image, the pH value of fermentated supstrate, the determination of the weight of the dry mycelia, the determination of the quantity of unused starch, the determination of the ammonia nitrogen, the colorimetric determination of the oxytetracycline. During the 96 hours, the concentration of the OTC increased and the final concentration was 1942 mg/ml. S. rimosus and OTC filtrates of different concentrations have shown a strong inhibitive action on the selected test-microorganisms. The substrate of Streptoyces rimosus has to contain all the necessary ingredients which will ensure a quality growth of the microorganisms and the oxytetracycline biosynthesis with optimal productivity. Moreover, it is necessary to monitor the conditions during the cultivation.


The ship Nino Bixio, photographed at the port of Napier, between 1947 and 1964, by Harold Martin West.
Quantity: 1 b&w original negative(s).
Physical Description: Cellulose triacetate negative 4 x 6.5 cm


In situ long-term low-temperature (LTLT) gas phase decontamination is being developed and demonstrated at the K-25 site as a technology that has the potential to substantially lower these costs while reducing criticality and safeguards concerns and worker exposure to hazardous and radioactive materials. The objective of gas phase decontamination is to employ a gaseous reagent to fluorinate nonvolatile uranium deposits to form volatile UF{sub 6}, which can be recovered by chemical trapping or freezing. The LTLT process permits the decontamination of the inside of gas-tight GDP process equipment at room temperature by substituting a long exposure to subatmospheric ClF{sub 3} for higher reaction rates at higher temperatures. Laboratory-scale experiments have demonstrated the feasibility of using LTLT gas phase decontamination with ClF{sub 3} to remove uranium deposits from this equipment. A mobile gas phase system is being designed to demonstrate the decontamination process on a full scale. If used to decontaminate the GDPs, the LTLT process would use large amounts of ClF{sub 3} and exhaust large volumes of by-product gases (ClF, C1O{sub 2}F, etc.). Initially, the excess ClF{sub 3} and reaction byproducts will be destroyed in a KOH scrubber. This paper describes a proposed system that could recover the excess ClF{submore » 3}and regenerate the reaction by-products into ClF{sub 3} for use in decontamination of additional equipment. Use of this regeneration and recovery system would reduce raw material costs and also reduce the waste scrubber sludge disposal costs by reducing the amount of corrosive gases fed to the scrubber.« less


Hybrid GMPLS-OpenFlow and novel Extended OpenFlow approaches are presented and experimentally evaluated on a converged packet and circuit switching setup. Extended OpenFlow agents, controllers and network application are developed & their performance evaluated on commercial ROADMs for the first time.


In the past 30 yr, hospitalization for peptic ulcer disease (PUD) has decreased. The use of total or partial gastrectomy to treat PUD has also declined. The discharge cover sheets of over 3000 patients who had a gastrectomy between 1975 and 1985 in U.S. Army hospitals were reviewed.


We show how to robustify the Consensus + Innovations Matrix Sequential Probability Ratio Test against distributional uncertainties using robust estimators. Furthermore, we propose four distributed sequential tests for multiple hypotheses based on the median, the Hodges-Lehmann estimator, the M-estimator, and the sample myriad. Simulations verify the competitive performance of the proposed approach in comparison to an alternative method based on least favorable densities.


This letter concerns the paper "An approximate transfer function for the dual-resonance nonlinear filter model of auditory frequency selectivity" [E. A. Lopez-Poveda, J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 114, 2112–2117 (2003)]. It proposes a correction of the historical framework in which the paper is presented. Additionally it mentions some general problems associated with filter-bank models, and it discusses the validity and usefulness of the "transfer function" concept for nonlinear filters.


We demonstrate efficient optical directional beaming using an array of sub-wavelength patterns on a metallic surface. Specifically, a sub-wavelength sized slit placed next to a periodic grating is designed and optimized to realize maximum coupling efficiency and directional radiation into a leaky-wave plasmonic mode. Collective scattering from the corrugations forming the grating is synthesized to radiate towards the desired direction, and efficient beaming is achieved through tailoring the design parameters with a simple analytical model. We also prove that directivity can be further enhanced by improving the slit-grating coupling efficiency through efficient plasmon generation, showing improved angular response in far-field radiation.


"The Handbook of Sailing" provides a full-scale 'how to' course in all the essentials. Bob Bond, formerly training manager to the Royal Yachting Association and now principal of the Plas Menai National Water Sports Centre has compiled the work so that it can be used by anyone who thinks of taking up sailing, whether in earnest or just as casual means of weekend relaxation. It is also an invaluable source of reference for the more experienced sailor, who may need to improve and up-date his technique. The book provides essential information would-be sailors need to know from the moment they first set foot in a boat in sheltered water to the time when they might be in mid-ocean in a force-eight gale.


Abstract Wood-plastic composite was prepared under Co-60 gamma irradiation with kadom (Anthrocephalus) (d = 0.36 g/cm3), a soft wood of Bangladesh, and methylmethacrylate (MMA) combined with methanol in the presence of a number of organic and inorganic acids. The impregnation was made at normal conditions. Polymer loading was determined and the change of tensile and bending strengths as a result of acid was evaluated. Most of the acids decrease both tensile and bending strengths, but adipic and oxalic acids do increase both the strengths.


Optomechanical interactions can break optical time-reversal symmetry, allowing non-reciprocal light transmission. We demonstrate a multimode system that breaks Lorentzreciprocity without an applied magnetic field, yielding a 10 dB optical isolator.


Six series of strawberry jam samples at different Brix values, with different types of pectins or different sugars were prepared and analyzed. Rheological tests were carried out and the obtained flow curves were modelized with the Herschel-Bulkley model. Apparent viscosity was calculated at 5 different shear rate values. At the same time, the samples were evaluated by a panel of a 18 selected and trained subjects. They were asked to rate the oral consistency using an unstructured scale. The effect of the characteristics of the pectin on the consistency of the jam was observed. Our results show that, for a same pectin concentration, viscosity and oral consistency decrease with Brix value, with demethylation and with molecular weight. Relationships between sensory and rheological data were studied. It was shown that the logarithm of apparent viscosity for a shear rate of 50 s-1 is significantly correlated with the oral consistency. This result shows that an easy and quick rheological measurement can give a precise information of the oral consistency of the product.


This paper examines the capacity of a devolved planning system to mediate between the competing interests of conservation and development in historic environments. The paper focuses on recent developments in the British planning system and uses a case study of industrial World Heritage sites to explore the tension between localised decision-making, national objectives and international obligations. The paper concludes with a management framework for sustainable development in historic urban environments.


The large, elliptical, 36-square-mile Twin Sisters duuite and two smaller dunite bodies are located along a northwest-trending, nearly vertical fault and are intru· sive into several thrust plates and locally into the unconformably overlying Swauk formation. The time of emplacement was post-Paleocene, and definitely later than the main Cretaceous orogeny. The Twin Sisters mass is composed of a virtually unaltered, coarse-grained enstatite· bearing dunite, with accessory amounts of chromite and chromium diopside. Every section displays abundant evidence of cataclasis, including granulation and bending of mineral grains, and translation bands in olivine. Completely identical textures have recrystallized. These recrystallized cataclastic features now consist of fine-grained, unstrained olivine mosaic zones surrounding and embaying large, strained porphyroclasts. Locally thin mosaic zones cut single, large crystals. The translation bands have recrystallized into bandlike forms with irregular, sutured boundaries. This recrystallization is thought to have taken place at moderate temperatures. Serpentinites are marginal to and gradational with the large Twin Sisters mass and one exposed smaller body. The width of this nalTOW marginal zone is essentially the same for both the large and the small, and is thus independent of the size of the mass. In detail, there is an outward transition from unaltered dunite to partially serpentinized dunite to massive serpentinite and finally to schistose scrpentinite at the actual contact. Serpentine is very rare in the core area. It is concluded that the Twin Sisters dunite mass moved and deformed while still hot enough to recrystallize (possibly during the intrusive rise), later by cataclasis alone. Near the last stages of emplacement scrpentinizing fluids were added from the country rock to the marginal portions. This reduced friction at the contact, and further intrusion was accomplished by marginal faulling.


The variation of soil parameters influences on slope stability. Use the oblique slices method to get the safety factor FS, then use the first order second moment method technology to establish the limit state performance function of slope stability reliability analysis, and get the reliability indicator  by reliability analysis. This can explore the influence of the mean value of soil random variables' cohesion, internal friction angle and soil density and variation coefficient on its reliability index, and the results show that the soil with low discreteness can get high reliability index, and vice versa, which provides a theoretical basis for people to distinguish the slope stability.


The article deals with regulation of director's disqualification in the new Czech Business Corporation Act and in the Company Directors Disqualification Act in England. The cornerstone of this article is to perform the economic analysis of the disqualification of directors according to the theory of Law and Economics. There are defined common and different points in both regulations. Furthermore this article derives and forecasts the probable number of court proceedings concerning disqualification before Czech courts in 2014. Moreover this article discusses the examples of a situation when the member of company body breaches the law or not. Last point of research is focused on asymmetric information and positive externalities of public register of disqualified persons. The article also provides future recommendation for legislator to create more effective rules.


We report a hybrid hetero p-n junction between Zinc Oxide (ZnO) microspheres and p-GaN thin film or poly (3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly (styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS). ZnO microspheres, which have high crystalline quality, were synthesized by ablating a ZnO sintered target with focused pulsed laser at high fluence. Recent investigation has demonstrated that ZnO microspheres had high optical property and laser actions in the WGM (whispering gallery mode) from the microshperes under pulsed laser irradiation. In this study, we fabricated a hybrid hetero p-n junction between ZnO microspheres and p-GaN or PEDOT:PSS, and both p-n junctions with p-GaN or PEDOT:PSS had a good rectifying characteristic. In the case of p-GaN, electroluminescence was observed under forward bias.


A new ligand, 2-(N-diphenylphosphinomethyl-N-cyclohexyl)aminopyridine (NNP), was prepared by the Mannich reaction of HPPh2 with 2-(N-cyclohexyl)aminopyridine and paraformaldehyde. The ligand NNP reacted with Fe(CO)5 to give the monometallic complex trans-Fe(CO)3(NNP)2 (2). The reaction of complex 2 with [Cu(CH3CN)4]+[ClO4]- gave a novel complex 3, [(OC)3Fe(μ-NNP)2Cu]+ClO4-, which has two seven-membered macrocycles and an Fe(0) → Cu(I) donor−acceptor bond. The molecular structure of complex 3 was determined by X-ray single-crystal analysis.


The molecular mechanism (or mechanisms) at the basis of paraquat (PQ) (a widely used herbicide) toxicity is far from being fully understood. Until now, two main points of view have emerged: 1) PQ‐related cell injuries could be mediated by toxic oxygen free radicals coming from the metabolism of the herbicide by the microsomal enzyme system, and/or 2) PQ, by inducing mitochondrial swelling and breakage, could cause troubles in cell energy charge, then driving the cell to death. Recently, some of cytoskeletal structures (microtubules and microfilaments) have been proposed as further PQ cell targets. The microfilament system in particular seems to be markedly affected by the herbicide, but so far no direct evidence associates PQ to actin damage. In this study, experimental data are presented concerning the direct effect of PQ on actin dynamics in solution. We demonstrate that actin selectively binds PQ; moreover, PQ induces the formation of actin sopramolecular structures in depolymerizing medium (G‐buffer). Furthermore, by the interactions with F‐actin cross‐linking proteins (α‐actinin and filamin), FITC‐phal‐loidin, and myosin subfragment 1 (S1), it is demonstrated that PQ‐induced actin aggregates are undoubtedly built up by F‐actin. Electron micrographs showed that PQ‐induced actin polymers are very short and tend to aggregate one to another. This mutual cohesion leads to the steric blockage of polymer growing ends as suggested by nucleated actin polymerization assays. Sonication, by releasing F‐actin fragments from short polymer aggregates, allows actin polymer ends to regain their growing ability.—Milzani, A., DalleDonne, I, Vailati, G., Colombo, R. Paraquat induces actin assembly in depolymerizing conditions. FASEB J. 11, 261‐270 (1997)


ABSTRACT The relationship between letter and numeral identification is reviewed to determine whether early identification of these symbols impact upon both literacy and numeracy development. Numerals and letters share similar perceptual properties such as geometric features and arbitrary labels. Through early socio-cultural experiences with surrounding print, children learn to differentiate between these symbols and name them. This knowledge prepares them for the acquisition of conventional literacy and numeracy skills. Studies show that numeral and letter identification are correlated at an early age. Moreover, numeral identification predicts early literacy skills such as word reading. Also, some evidence shows a relationship between letter identification and numeracy skills. The implications of the relationships between letter and numeral identification and subsequent literacy and numeracy skills for research and education are discussed, although further research is warranted. Practical strategies for fostering both numeral and letter identification in young children are suggested.


With the continuous development of information technology,network technology and campus network technology continues to mature under the favorable environment,the traditional mode of teaching can't meet the needs of the people.Based on the network teaching management needs and model are analyzed,then the design and development of network teaching management system based on ASP.


The demand for regional food alternatives that contribute to cost reduction in ruminant production motivated evaluate the nutritional value of babassu meal at increasing levels in the diet. The experimental design was a randomized block with four treatments and six repetitions. It was concluded that this meal has a relatively low nutritional value to ruminant feed. Its use should not exceed 20% of the IMS.


Poverty is a common challenge faced by human beings. China's Targeted Poverty Alleviation (TPA) policy provides the international community with a Chinese solution to poverty governance. Based on the goal of China's TPA policy of "Two No Worries, Three Guarantees," this paper selects appropriate indicators to evaluate the implementation effect of China's TPA policy since 2013. The results show that there are significant differences between poor families and non-poor families in food consumption, clothing consumption, education, and housing. After the implementation of the TPA policy, the gap between poor families and non-poor families has been significantly reduced. However, from the perspective of per capita household consumption, there is still a certain gap between poor families and non-poor families, and it is still necessary to maintain the continuity to further improve the living standards of low-income families. JEL Classification: I32


Epithelial morphogenesis is a fundamental and widespread process controlling cell, tissue and organ development, hence the ultimate shape and organization of metazoans. The ability of fields of cells to translate spatial and temporal information into appropriate morphogenetic activity is crucial for the making of a functional organism. In Drosophila, several genes have been identified that are important for correct morphogenesis, including both structural and regulatory (signaling) activities. For example, during mid-embryogenesis, the dorsal part of the embryo is progressively covered by the lateral ectodermal cells undergoing dorsal closure (DC): these epithelial cells elongate dorsally and move in concert toward the dorsal midline where they fuse at the end of the process (Martinez Arias, 1993; Noselli, 1998). It was recently shown that the Jun-N-terminal Kinase (JNK) pathway plays an essential role in this process, by controlling specific gene activity in a single row of cells leading the migrating ectoderm (Glise et al., 1995; Glise and Noselli, 1997; Harden et al., 1996, 1995, 1999; Hou et al., 1997; Kockel et al., 1997; Liu et al., 1999; Lu and Settleman, 1999; Martin-Blanco et al., 1998; Ricos et al., 1999; Riesgo-Escovar and Hafen, 1997a,b, 1996; Sluss and Davis, 1997; Sluss et al., 1996; Su et al., 1998; Zeitlinger et al., 1997). In JNK pathway mutant embryos, these leading edge (LE) cells lose both their identity and ability to move dorsally. Thus, a regional defect can affect the ability of a larger field of ectodermal cells to undergo proper morphogenesis. A current model proposes that the LE cells may play an organizer role for morphogenesis of the whole ectoderm through the coupling of JNK and dpp signaling pathways (for review, see Goberdhan and Wilson, 1998; Ip and Davis, 1998; Noselli, 1998; Noselli and Agnes, 1999). We are interested in the signaling mechanisms governing the morphogenesis of epithelia, and the way these are modulated in order to generate morphogenetic diversity. One way to study this is to compare related processes that are controlled by the same pathway in a single organism. The identification of the putative flexible parts would permit an understanding of how a single pathway may control apparently different morphogenetic processes and thus contribute to diversity. In this context, we investigated the role of hep and the JNK pathway in metamorphosis. Drosophila is an holometabolous insect, i.e., the adult form (imago) derives from complete metamorphosis during the pupal stage. The transition from larval to adult body shape is 5453 Development 126, 5453-5462 (1999) Printed in Great Britain © The Company of Biologists Limited 1999 DEV5358


We prove the Cone Theorem for algebraically integrable foliations. As a consequence, we show that termination of flips implies the b-nefness of the moduli part of a log canonical pair with respect to a contraction, generalising the case of lc trivial fibrations.


Interest in and commitment to portfolios for assessing college writing have swelled enormously in the past decade and are still growing. In "Using Portfolios," Pat Belanoff and Peter Elbow wrote extensively about the benefits portfolios brought to the freshman composition program they ran at SUNY-Stony Brook. Anson and Brown have written, in "Large-Scale Portfolio Assessment in the Research University," about the efforts of faculty at the University of Minnesota toward large-scale portfolio collection at entry which, while they ultimately sank under the weight of campus-wide politics, inspired similar efforts at places such as the University of Alaska (Wauters). As the use of portfolios for purposes ranging from entry-level writing assessment (at Miami University: see Daiker) to campus-wide curriculum development (Larsen) becomes common, evaluation by portfolio method is increasingly accepted as an enriched evaluation and thus a better evaluation. Our own experience with portfolios at the University of Michigan (Condon and Hamp-Lyons) confirms that portfolio-based assessment does enrich the process of assessing writing; further, it enriches the process of teaching writing, of developing curriculum and faculty in a writing program, of collecting data about the program's effectiveness, and much, much more. The benefits of portfolio assessment are real, and the indications are that its potential has hardly begun to develop. We write, then, from the perspective of a commitment to portfolio assessment, but also from the perspective of teacher-researchers who seek to understand all we do, even when it is successful. A great deal is still unknown about what portfolios do and, perhaps even more interestingly, about the nature of the role and activities we, as teachers and readers, engage in during portfolio assessment. In order to explore some of the issues involved in how teacherevaluators use, perceive, and react to the portfolios they collect in their classes,