Service letters are legal documents regularly issued by engine manufacturers and their licensees to inform engineers on various matters. Performance of each engine is continuously monitored and recorded data fed back to the manufacturers. The slightest irregularity is then investigated in order to eliminate its cause. The recommendations given in service letters often supersede those originally issued in the instruction manuals and the engine staff is advised to keep them as supplements to the relevant chapters of instruction books. The paper aims at identifying the most frequent terminology together with the typical collocations associated with it. For this purpose, a study has been undertaken of a specialized corpus, encompassing approximately 80 service letter reports, assembled from the MAN B&W Diesel A/S in the period between 1983 and 1999. Some tools employed in the investigation of service letters, such as frequency lists and concordances, have been borrowed from the field of corpus linguistics Finally, the ultimate aim of the paper is to recommend that this terminology and collocations be included into English textbooks for marine engineers in order to focus students' attention to them and facilitate their acquisition and subsequent usage.


Nowadays, wavelet has been widely applied in extracting features of the signal for automatic speech recognition system. Wavelets have many families that are determined by their mother function and order. The use of different wavelets to analyze the same signal would bring different results. In many cases, a trial and error procedure is used to select the optimal wavelet family. That is because there are no particular wavelet basis functions that can be applied to the entire speech signals. Therefore, it is necessary to analyze the similarity between the speech signal and the wavelet base function. One of the methods that can be used is cross-correlation. In this study, the degree of correlation is determined between wavelet base function and Indonesian vowels. The influence of gender and consistencies of the results are also used in the analysis. The results show that db45 and db44 are most similar to male and female vowels utterance, respectively. For consistencies, only vowel e gives a consistent result. Overall, db44 is most similar to all Indonesian vowels utterance.


As a multifactorial mental disorder, schizophrenia presents a complex combination of genetic, neurodevelopmental and environmental components. These lead to difficulties in comprehending the molecular


This paper, the second of two companion papers, reports a mass sensitivity amplification scheme, via amplitude and frequency shift enhancement of internal resonance (IR) in coupled ductile cantilevers with frequency ratio of three to one. The amplitude enhancement of super-harmonic resonance of order three in short cantilever can be achieved by the coupling of long cantilever via coupling overhang through the internal resonance between the low frequency mode and the high frequency mode. Such kind of enhancement mechanism is clarified by both experimental verification and numerical analysis. While the frequency shift enhancement of coupled cantilevers are experimentally demonstrated by comparatively analyzing the frequency shifts of single-cantilevers and coupled cantilevers with varying mass perturbations. The impact of coupling strength on frequency shifts of coupled cantilevers is also studied. The proposed scheme with coupled IR ductile cantilevers, can accomplish "sensing and detecting separation," "amplitude and frequency shift enhancement," and the linearity improvement of mass detecting, which is expected to be applicable to ultimate sensing of mass, force, field, and any other external perturbations, even under an atmospheric environments.


The burglarproof tracing function is one of the important security techniques of the intelligent cell phone not yet realized on cell-phones based on the Embedded Linux System. This article introduces a burglarproof tracing technique, that is, sending special text massages secretly at the backstage of the system from the illegal subscriber's number to the safe number which has been prepared by the legal subscriber, which is to be realized through the modification of firmware in the embedded Linux operating system. The modified system activates the burglarproof alarm function, when the cell-phone is turned on, through the running of a definite program, to test the legality of the SIM card with the shell order.


We propose a new technique based on DPC (Dirty Paper Coding) to effectively reduce the PAPR (Peakto-Average Power Ratio) of OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing) signals without large computational overhead. At transmitter, the proposed scheme is composed of an antenna transmitting the original information signal and additional antenna transmitting the interference signal generated for the DPC decoding. In the encoding procedure of the information signal, the dither signal is fixed to the bit stream having the lowest PAPR so that the proposed scheme ensures the lowest PAPR and provides almost equal bit error rate performance of the conventional OFDM without any PAPR reduction schemes.


Considerable thought has been given to the effects of various strategies of weighing predictor information on adverse impact, minority hiring, and quality of the selected workforce. However, these efforts do not solve the dilemma faced by employers who want to achieve an optimally qualified workforce but at the same time want to eliminate adverse impact. To remove this limitation, the present article shows how constrained nonlinear programming can be used to combine job performance predictors into a predictor composite such that the average quality of the composite selected employees is maximized, the intended overall selection rate is achieved, and the adverse impact ratio remains within acceptable bounds. Although the new procedure allows for situations in which the performance criterion is multidimensional, a further extension is needed to handle multistage selection decisions.


An approach is presented in this paper for automated estimation of human emotions from combination of multimodal data: electroencephalogram and facial images. The used EEG features are the Hjorth parameters calculated for theta, alpha, beta and gamma bands taken from pre-defined channels. For face emotion estimation PCA feature are selected. Classification is performed with support vector machines. Since the human emotions are modelled as combinations from physiological elements such as arousal, valence, dominance, liking, etc., these quantities are the classifier's outputs. The best achieved correct classification performance for EEG is about 76%. Classifier combination is used to return the final score for the particular subject.


Given a two-dimensional conformal field theory with a global symmetry, we propose a method to implement an orbifold construction by taking orbits of the modular group. For the case of cyclic symmetries we find that this approach always seems to be consistent, even in asymmetric orbifold cases where the usual construction does not yield a modular invariant theory; our approach keeps modular invariance manifest but may give a result that is equivalent to the original theory. For the case that the symmetry is a subgroup of a continuous flavor symmetry, we can give explicit constructions of the spectrum, with twisted sectors corresponding to a nonstandard group projection on an enlarged twisted sector Hilbert space.


In this note the solutions of some integrodifferential equations with fractional orders in a Banach space are considered.Conditions are given which ensure the existence of a resolvent operator for an integrodifferential equation in a Banach space.


It is my privilege and honor to address you as the 52nd president of the American Society for Surgery of the Hand. I, like all my predecessors, agonized over what I could speak about that would be educational and meaningful. After reviewing the presentations of past presidents of this Society, my involvement in this Society, my experience as a hand surgeon for more than 20 years, and in particular my interest in the wrist and governmental affairs, I considered giving a presentation on the distal radioulnar joint or on health care reform. Both would have been challenging to me and relevant to many of you, but a cop-out because they would not have reflected my present passion and what I feel called to speak about today, ie, balance in our lives. As I reflected on my career in hand surgery, I realized that I have been preparing this discussion for the last 25 years. As many of you can attest, I have not always modeled, over the past 25 years, balance in my life, having been intently focused on my career as a hand surgeon. That is not to say that I have not loved my life as a hand surgeon or been successful. Believe me, if either of my children should choose to follow in my footsteps, I would be honored and would predict for them a very rewarding and satisfying career in medicine. I am convinced, however, that I would have been happier and more successful in medicine and in life had I been more balanced. It is about this type of life or road that I wish to speak to you today. It is important that I point out at the outset that little of the information or the ideas that I will share with you is new or, for that matter, original with me. For many, this talk will be a reminder to help keep priorities in line. For others, it will be an awakening. For myself, throughout my entire career I strove to keep my career in balance with family, physical and emotional health and stability, and my overall happiness. I did reasonably well. Although I have recognized for years that I have been intently focused on certain areas of life, it was only a few years ago that I realized that a major part of my life was basically totally undeveloped and unexplored, ie, my spiritual life. As I have explored and developed this part of me, it has given me great personal pleasure and happiness, has been wonderful for my family and friends, and has given me a greater appreciation for what I do as a hand surgeon, a deeper caring for those that I treat, and a greater understanding for the need to reach beyond myself to serve others.


Since results are the most tangible and readily measurable of the horizontal dimensions of performance, we shall begin our discussion at the end, as it were, by examining in this chapter those approaches to performance management that are results-focused, including both those that focus on individual results and those that are associated with group and organisation-wide results. The chapter begins with an overview of those facets of work performance that are commonly characterised as 'results'. Next we consider some of the key concepts associated with defining and measuring results, the promise and perils of results measurement, and the requirements for measurement reliability. The remainder of the chapter is then devoted to a discussion of two of the most widely applied results-based performance measurement and management methods, namely goal-setting and the balanced scorecard. What are 'results'? In terms of the (prescriptive or descriptive) conception of work as a linear value-adding process, 'results' can be defined as those tangible and intangible outcomes from work behaviour or activity that management deems desirable and valuable in achieving organisational objectives. Conceived thus, the results domain may be seen as covering six main outcome categories: 1 product or service quantity 2 product or service quality 3 financial outcomes 4 timeliness 5 innovation 6 stakeholder reactions. Here, we have adapted the taxonomy of key human performance outcomes identified by Fitz-enz (2000: 91–128), which lists generic human resources 'value adding' factors: 'cost', 'time', 'quantity', 'error' and 'reaction'.


YUE Yunlong 1'2) G O N G Yan-sheng t) W U H a i t a o 1) W A N G C h u a n b i n 2) Z H A N G L i a n m e n g 2) 1) Jinan University ;2) Wuhan University of Technology ( Ftec_~ived: Mar. 11,2003; Accopt~ : Dec. 12,2004) Abstract: TiC/TiAl composites with different TiC content were fabricated ~" rapid heating technique of spark plasma sintering (SPS) . The effect of TiC particles on m&rostructure and mechanical properties of TiAI matrix wa* ilwestigated. The results indicate that grain sizes of TiM nuarix decrease and mechanical properties are improved because of the addition of TiC panicles. The coraposites display a 26.8% inereca~e in bending strength when lOwt% TiC is added and 43.8% improvement in fracture toughna~s when 5wt% TiC i~ added compared to values of TiC-free nuTzerials. Grain-refinement and di~t~rsion strengthening were the main strengthening mechanism. The improvement of fracture toughne.~s was due to the deflexion of TiC particla~ to the. crack.


The mortality rate among hospitalized patients with acute renal failure is high and has not changed substantially since dialysis was introduced several decades ago.1 Although it might be argued tha...


This paper shows another power converter topology to smother the torque ripple because of the phase current commutation of a brushless dc motor (BLDCM) drive framework. A blend of a three-level diode clasped staggered inverter (3-level DCMLI), an adjusted  single-ended primary-inductor converter  (SEPIC), and a dc-transport voltage selector circuit is utilized in the proposed torque ripple concealment circuit.


The educational practice of retention – holding a student back to repeat a year – is a strategy used in many schools in the USA to improve outcomes for students, even at the kindergarten level. Research findings on retention in kindergarten are inconsistent with regards to reasons for and benefits of retaining students. Examining the issue using a case study can provide valuable insight into how retention decisions are made and what the perceived benefits are. This study draws on data from a survey, an interview and 40 hours of classroom observations to explore one teacher's views of kindergarten retention and the interventions she used to help students at risk of retention, as well as the type of feedback she gave at-risk students in the classroom. It was found that the teacher emphasized motivating and involving at-risk students and working with them one-on-one. Overall, though, she felt that parents working with their children at home could make the difference in whether a student was retained or not. Since three of the five students the teacher identified as being at risk for retention were Hispanic, and research indicates that the expectations for this type of parental involvement may not be familiar to Hispanic families, I conclude that teachers should explicitly communicate and explain these expectations to all parents.


Objective:Reasons for red blood cell spill-over in thrombocytapheresis.Methods Analyse each segment of red blood cell spill-over.Results Advance the way to avoid red blood cell spill-over.Conclusions It can be lessened by valid way.


Hexagonal boron nitride powder was hot pressed in an environment of metallic copper. When compared with a copper-free system, the sintered body exposed to the copper was composed of substantially thicker grains having an unusual arrangement, consisting of preferred alignment of (0001) basal planes parallel to the pressure axis. The character of the orientation of the boron nitride grains substantially influenced the mechanical strength of the ceramics. The difference in the orientation of the grains is explained by the interaction between copper atoms and boron nitride crystals selectively occurring on the (0001) basal planes of the latter.


The invention relates to the technical field of biology, and aims at providing a preparation method of an anti-pelodiscus-sinensis IL-1 beta polyclonal antibody and application thereof to detection. The preparation method comprises the steps of antigen (tIL-1 beta) preparation, animal immunization and polyclonal antibody purification. According to the preparation method, recombined tIL-1 beta proteins are used as antigens so that an immunological experiment rabbit acquires specific anti-tIL-1 beta polyclonal antibodies, and prepared specific anti-tIL-1 beta polyclonal antibodies can be used for detection of tIL-1 beta indirect immunofluorescence (IFA) and western-blotting. Detection results provide bases for disease control of pelodiscus sinensis by means of immunology methods and ways.


SUMMARY Scrapie is a fatal neurological disease of sheep which is endemic in the United Kingdom. It is one of the family of transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs) that includes BSE. In this paper, we developed a micro-simulation model for scrapie in the UK sheep population, incorporating the genetic and structural diversity of the population and infectious contact between flocks through trading. The simulation was fitted to epidemiological data from a range of sources. We found a detection/reporting probability of 16% (95% CI 12–17) for animals dying of scrapie. Prevalence of infected animals in the population was about 0·15%. Infected individuals were found in 9% of flocks overall, rising to 60% in Shetland and 75% in Swaledale flocks. Mean values of R0 for flocks varied with breed from 2·43 (Shetland) to 0·21 (Suffolk). We also examined the possible long-term persistence of scrapie in the UK flock in the absence of any intervention.


The two dimensional static magnetic field simulation model of electromagnetic roller and polishing parts was established by the use of ANSYS software. The influence of magnetic flux density of the electromagnetic roller and the size of the electromagnetic force suffered is researched,and magnetic field distribution rule of the electromagnetic roller when the polished parts at the place of working air gap δ of 30mm and surface of the electromagnetic roller is studied. The result of simulation showed that,when the polished parts at the place of working air gap δ is of 30mm,the magnetic flux density increases from 2.4 to 2.54 times at the existence of polished pieces,when the polished parts at the place of surface of the electromagnetic roller,it increased fluctuations of magnetic flux density at the existence of polished pieces. The polished parts in a magnetic field change the local distribution and density of magnetic lines of force of the electromagnetic roller. The simulation provided a reference for the optimization design and selection of the parameters of electromagnetic roller of the movable electromagnetic separation mechanical.


Introduction While there are differences in the way nations define literacy and the degree of accuracy in measuring it, it is generally agreed worldwide that the large number of illiterate people is worrisome. The problem is more acute in developing countries, especially in Sub-Saharan Africa, Asia, Latin America and the Caribbean (Ballara 1992; Ramdas 1990; Egbo 2000; UNESCO Information Service 2002, 2007; Centre for Language Studies 2000; EMIS 2000; Malawi Ministry of Education 2001, 2002). While the empowering role of literacy and its significance for development at the individual, community and national level is recognised world wide, most recent UNESCO Institute Statistics show that there are still 774 million illiterate adults world-wide out of whom 64% are women (http://www.uis.unesco.org/ev.php?URL_ID=6401&URL_DO=DO_TOPIC&UR L_SECTION=201 updated 08/10/2009). In addition, there are 75 million out of school children world-wide whose rights and needs remain unfulfilled. The data further shows that the lowest literacy rates are still in Africa and Asia. Comparatively, on current trends in terms of literacy growth, the institute observes that there has been a sharp increase in the number of adults who have acquired literacy in these regions, particularly among women in Africa. But progress is excruciatingly slow. One adult in every five remains illiterate and meeting the goal set by the world education forum in Dakar in 2000 to halve adult illiteracy by 2015 will be an uphill battle. There are still around 30 countries that are unlikely to achieve any more than 30% improvement over their 2000 literacy rates. Most of these countries, which include Malawi, are in Africa and Asia. Without major extraordinary additional efforts to fight illiteracy, these countries will account for 92% of the world's illiterate population by 2015.


A monolithic endless phase shifter is proposed and demonstrated. It is made up of a 0-to-¿ continuously variable phase shifter and a 0/¿ two-state phase switch. The 0-to-¿ phase shifter uses quasi-transmission-line variable reactors for reflection reactance circuits. The variable phase range is 208 degrees. The 0/¿ switch employs a series division of a slot line and a transition from a slot line to a 3-D Thin-Film-MicroStrip-line (TFMS) formed on GaAs substrate. The phase deviation of the 0/¿ switch is ¿12 to 3 degrees with the frequency range of 5 to 15 GHz. By combining these techniques, we can build an endless phase shifter for the X-band.


Household light bulbs made from macroscopic single-walled and double-walled carbon nanotube filaments were fabricated and tested. The nanotube bulbs are found to possess several interesting features when compared to a conventional tungsten filament in safelight (36 V, 40 W), such as lower threshold voltage for light emission and higher brightness at high voltages. Electrically induced excited peaks at 407, 417, 655 nm were identified to be an intrinsic property of nanotubes and these peaks are observed to become stronger in the light emission spectra at high temperatures which cannot be explained easily with the concept of blackbody emission.


In 2005, the IMF conducted a Financial Sector Assessment Programme for the first time in Greece which included a stress testing exercise for the banking system. The aim of the exercise was to evaluate the ability of the Greek banking sector to cope with possible risks to the financial system. While the exercise concentrated on credit and market risks, liquidity and contagion risks were also considered. The purpose of the present article is to present the results of the exercise. The analysis of the results of the exercise suggests that Greek banks did have the ability to deal with both internal and external shocks, suggesting that the system as a whole was, at least at that time, in a position to deal with the kind of shocks examined. Such stress testing exercises have now been introduced on a regular basis.


By the time, in 1937, the Swiss astronomer Zwicky measured the velocity dispersion of the Coma cluster of galaxies, astronomers somehow got acquainted with the idea that the universe is filled by some kind of dark matter. After almost a century of investigations, we have learned two things about dark matter, (i) it has to be non‐baryonic — that is, made of something new that interact with normal matter only by gravitation— and, (ii) that its effects are observed in stellar systems when and only when their internal acceleration of gravity falls below a fix value a0=1.2×10−8 cm s−2. Being completely decoupled dark and normal matter can mix in any ratio to form the objects we see in the universe, and indeed observations show the relative content of dark matter to vary dramatically from object to object. This is in open contrast with point (ii). In fact, there is no reason why normal and dark matter should conspire to mix in just the right way for the mass discrepancy to appear always below a fixed accelerati...


Appenzeller BMR, Yañez C, Jorand F, Block J-C. 2005. Advantage provided by iron for Escherichia coli growth and cultivability in drinking water. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 71:5621–5623. Banin A. 2005. The enigma of Martian soil. Science 309:888–890. Castillo-Gonzalez HA, Bruns MA. 2005. Dissimilatory iron reduction and odor indicator abatement by biofilm communities in swine manure microcosms. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 71:4972–4978. Church MJ, Short CM, Jenkins BD, Karl DM, Zehr JP. 2005. Temporal patterns of nitrogenase gene (nifH) expression in the oligotrophic North Pacific Ocean. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 71:5362–5370. Crawford RL. 2005. Microbial diversity and its relationship to planetary protection. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 71:4163–4168. Coby AJ, Picardal FW. 2005. Inhibition of NO3 and NO − 2 reduction by microbial Fe(III) reduction: Evidence of a reaction between NO2 and cell surface-bound Fe2+. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 71:5267–5274. Curtis TP, Sloan WT. 2005. 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Gans J, Wolinsky M, Dunbar J. 2005. Computational improvements reveal great bacterial diversity and high metal toxicity in soil. Science 309:1387– 1390. Giovannoni SJ, Tripp HJ, Givan S, Podar M, Vergin KL, Baptista D, Bibbs L, Eads J, Richardson TH, Noordewier M, Rappé MS, Short JM, Carrington JC, Mathur EJ. 2005. Genome streamlining in a cosmopolitan oceanic bacterium. Science 309:1242–1245. Hamilton-Brehm SD, Schut GJ, Adams MWW. 2005. Metabolic and evolutionary relationships among Pyrococcus species: Genetic exchange within a hydrothermal vent environment. J. Bacteriol. 189:7492–7499. Harrison JJ, Turner RJ, Marques LLR, Ceri H. 2005. Biofilms. American Scientist 93:508–515. Heath J, Ayres E, Possell M, Bardgett RD, Black HIJ, Grant H, Ineson P, Kerstiens G. 2005. Rising atmospheric CO2 reduces sequestration of root-derived soil carbon. Science 309:1711–1713. Hubert C, Nemati M, Jenneman G, Voordouw G. 2005. Corrosion risk associated with microbial souring control using nitrate or nitrite. Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 68:272–282. Jiao Y, Kappler A, Croal LR, Newman DK. 2005. Isolation and characterization of a genetically tractable photoautotrophic Fe(II)-oxidizing bacterium, Rhodopseudomonas palustris strain TIE-1. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 71:4487–4496. Johnson CM, Beard BL. 2005. Biogeochemical cycling of iron. Science 309:1025–1027. Kadner RJ. 2005. Regulation by iron: RNA rules the roost. J. Bacteriol. 187:6870–6873. Kenzaka T, Ishidoshiro A, Yamaguchi N, Tani K, Nasu M. 2005. rRNA sequencebased scanning electron microscopic detection of Bacteria. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 71:5523–5531. Kerfeld CA, Sawaya MR, Tanaka S, Nguyen CV, Phillips M, Beeby M, Yeates TO. 2005. Protein structures forming the shell of primitive bacterial organelles. Science 309:936–938. Klonowska A, Heulin T, Vermeglio A. 2005. Selenite and tellurite reduction by Shewanella oneidensis. Appl. Environ. 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Although information is available regarding the content of various metabolites such as sugars and organic/ amino acids in blackberry (Rubus L.), little is known about its enzyme composition. The aim of this study was to investigate changes in the abundance of various enzymes during the ripening of blackberry. Blackberry is an aggregate fruit, composed of a receptacle and several drupelets attached to it, which in turn, are composed of the flesh (mesocarpplusepicarp)andseedenclosedintheendocarp; therefore,thesepartswere analyzedseparatelyalongwith the pedicel. The enzymes studied participate in organic/amino acid and sugar metabolism and photosynthesis, processes known to be important in fruit development. These enzymes were phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK (EC:22.214.171.124)), phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPC (EC:126.96.36.199)), pyruvate, orthophosphate dikinase (PPDK (EC:18.104.22.168)), cytosolic aspartate aminotransferase (cyt AspAT (EC:18.104.22.168)), aldolase (EC:126.96.36.199), glutamine synthetase (GS (EC:184.108.40.206)), and ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (RUBISCO (EC:188.8.131.52)). To avoid problems in measuring enzyme activity, the approach taken was to use antibodies specific for each enzyme in conjunction with immunoblotting of sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. During ripening, there were marked changes in abundance of several of these enzymes and these changes were dependent on the tissue investigated. PEPCK appeared when organic acids decreased in the flesh and was only detected in this tissue, whereas PPDK was not detected in any tissue. In the flesh, there was a large decrease in abundance of RUBISCO, plastidic GS, and plastidic aldolase, but little change in cytosolic GS, cytosolic aldolase, and PEPC.Inseeds,therewasadecrease intheabundanceofallenzymes.Inthereceptacle andpedicel,apartfromalarge decrease in RUBISCO in the receptacle, there was little change in enzyme abundance.


Background: Black, compared to White women with localized breast cancer have higher mortality and worse distant recurrence free survival (DRFS). This has been attributed to social determinants of health and higher prevalence of triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) in Black compared to White women. Recent studies indicate that racial disparity in outcome is present in patients with estrogen receptor-positive (ER+), but not ER- disease, in particular in patients with residual disease after neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC). It has been shown that in some patients NAC may induce pro-metastatic changes in tumor microenvironment, such as increased density of tumor associated macrophages and portals for cancer cell dissemination to distant sites called TMEM doorways (TMEM score). TMEM score correlates with metastasis in patients with ER+/HER2- breast cancer. We hypothesized that racial disparity in DRFS in patients with residual ER+/HER2- disease is due to enhanced pro-metastatic components (macrophage and TMEM doorway density) in the tumor microenvironment post-chemotherapy in Black compared to White women.
 Methods: We performed a retrospective, multi-institutional study of TMEM score and macrophage density in the residual disease after NAC from 196 patients diagnosed with unilateral invasive ductal cancer of breast between 2004 and 2014. 99 patients self-identified as Black and 97 as White. TMEM doorways were visualized by triple immunohistochemistry for macrophages (CD68), tumor cells (panMena), and endothelial cells (CD31). The evaluation of TMEM score and macrophage density was done using automated image analysis. Tumor characteristics and patient survival were compared between Black and White patients. The relationship between TMEM score, macrophage density and DRFS was examined by log-rank test and multivariate Cox regression model. The covariates in Cox model included TMEM score, age (continuous), race (Black vs White), surgery type (mastectomy vs lumpectomy), tumor stage (T3 vs T1; T2 vs T1), lymph node status (positive vs negative), and tumor subtype (triple negative [TN] vs ER+/HER2-; other vs ER+/HER2-).
 Results: Black compared to White women were more likely to develop distant recurrence (49.5% vs 34%, p=0.04), receive mastectomy (69.7% vs 51.5%, p=0.014), and have higher grade (p=0.001). Tumors from Black patients had more macrophages and a higher TMEM score in the entire cohort (p=0.004; p=0.001 respectively) and in the ER+/HER2- subset (p=0.008; p=0.008 respectively), but not in the TNBC subset. High TMEM score was associated with worse DRFS in all patients (p=0.004) and in the ER+/HER2- (p=0.03), but not in TNBC. In multivariate Cox model, TMEM score was an independent prognostic factor in the entire cohort (HR, 1.92; 95%CI, 1.15-3.22; p=0.01) and trended towards significance in ER+/HER2- disease (HR, 2.13; 95%CI, 0.96-4.71; p=0.06). TN, compared to ER+/HER2- cancers had higher TMEM score (p=0.01), and macrophage density (p=0.001).
 Conclusion: Racial disparity in outcome in patients with localized breast cancer may be due to a more pronounced pro-metastatic response to chemotherapy in Black, compared to White patients with ER+/HER2- disease. Thus, higher prevalence of TNBC in Black patients may not be the controlling factor in racial disparity.
 Citation Format: Burcu Karadal, Gina Kim, Ved Sharma, Jessica Pastoriza, Isabelle Oktay, Yu Lin, Xianjun Ye, Jiyue Qin, Esther Cheng, Nurfiza Ladak, John Condeelis, Esther Adler, Paula Ginter, Timothy D'Alfonso, Xiaonan Xue, David Enterberg, Joseph Sparano, Maja Oktay. Racial disparity in tumor microenvironment and outcomes in residual breast cancer treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2022 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2022 Dec 6-10; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2023;83(5 Suppl):Abstract nr GS1-02.


Introduction: In recent years computerized therapies like computerized cognitive behavioral therapy have helped the therapists. Some advantages of these interventions are reducing the costs and time and spreading the use of psychiatrist interventions as well. Thus, the aim of this study was to explore the efficiency of cognitive behavioral therapy in three methods of web-based intervention, software package and clinical intervention in comparison with untreated in major depression. Materials and Methods: The sample consisted of 68 students who were selected using availability sampling from students with major depression criterion who were seeking treatment at online and presence consultation center of University of Mohaghegh Ardabili (Iran), and then randomly assigned in three experimental groups and one control group. The instrument consisted of beck depression inventory and structured clinical interview for DSM disorders. Results: The results of this study showed that in comparison to three different methods of cognitive behavioral therapy (web-based intervention, software package and clinical intervention) supported the more effective role of clinical intervention. Conclusion: Computerized therapies present effectiveness learning experiences and result in increasing fast access of therapists and patients to determined therapeutic goals. Results of this research indicate that computerized cognitive behavioral therapy is a feasible and effective intervention in treatment of major depression.


The axial charges of both the light and singly heavy baryons are obtained in the pion mean-field approach, by focusing on their quark spin contents in the exact flavor SU(3) symmetry.


Introduction: The Mozambique tilapia, Oreochromis mossambicus, is a highly social cichlid species that has been used as a model system in a wide range of studies, related with immunology, toxicology, endocrinology, physiology, endocrinology, among others. The increasing number of genetic tools available for this species, together with the emerging interest in its use for neurobiology studies, increased the urgency in an accurate hodological mapping of the tilapia brain to complement the available histological data.


Aequidens paraguayensis from South America is a biparental larvophilic mouthbrooder. Adhesive eggs are laid on a substrate and fanned until hatching (substratebrooding). The hatching larvae are taken into the mouth by the female. Subsequently the parents relieve each other in mouthbrooding their offspring (larvophilic mouthbrooding). In comparison with pure substratebrooders-which are thought to represent the ancestral state-the time lag between spawning and hatching is shortened. This is interpreted as due to a general selective advantage of the mouthbrooding technique over the substratebrooding technique. Why then didn't evolution favour the transition from mouthbrooding of larvae to mouthbrooding of eggs (ovophilic mouthbrooding) thus allowing the extension of mouthbrooding up to spawning like in other cichlid species? An hypothetical answer is that this is not due to the lack of the adequate selection pressure but may relate to the nonavailability of appropriate ovophilic variants. This would imply that the parental care behaviour in this species is not optimal. To support this hypothesis experimental evidence on how broodcaring is regulated is given: 1. The uptake of larvae at hatching is induced by stimuli from the hatching wrigglers. Mouthbrooding can be induced at any time of the substratebrooding phase by presenting larvae to the adults. 2. The readiness to take up larvae into the mouth is maintained by the simultaneous presence of larvae within the mouth and of egg-like structures outside of it. 3. Females with induced uptaking readiness are not able to retrieve adhesive eggs from the substrate. 4. Females without uptaking readiness fan adhesive eggs, but eat loose eggs. 5. Females with induced uptaking readiness take up loose eggs in their mouths and mouthbrood them successfully at least until hatching. They behave like ovophilic mouthbrooders. Experimentally created ovophilic variants can be used to test the non-optimality hypothesis in nature or under semi-natural conditions. It is concluded that at least two independent traits must change simultaneously within the same generation to produce an ovophilic variant out of a larvophilic ancestor: on the one hand induction of an egg eating inhibition together with mouthbrooding readiness, on the other hand loss of adhesiveness of eggs. In the neodarwinian view of evolutionary change this is only possible if there is pleiotropy of the traits under consideration. The unlikeliness of pleiotropy may explain why A. paraguayensis has not become an ovophilic mouthbrooder, i.e. is not optimally designed.


The infrared greenhouse gas heat trap at the top of the atmosphere controls anthropogenic global warming (AGW) heat balance. Processes at the top of the ocean similarly control the 93% of AGW in the oceans. The tropics are a global year-round ocean heat source. Heat is transported in the ocean by sinking brine from tropical evaporation and polar freezing. Buoyant freshwater and ice barriers limit heat loss from the surface layer. The almost completely unstudied ocean surface skin is critically important to understanding global warming and climate change processes. Studies to date have concentrated on atmospheric warming mainly from land-air data. In this paper we present the first hourly meridional 3m and surface observations in the equatorial Pacific from Tahiti to Hawaii for direct measurement of evaporation and ocean boundary layer heat trapping. We relate this to poleward heat and freshwater transport and ocean warming moderation by basal icemelt of floating ice explored in a second paper [1]. We show heat sequestration below 3m in the hypersaline (>35.5‰) southern hemisphere (SH) is limited to ~6MJm -2 day -1 but evaporation is 7.3mmm -2 day --1 , at salinity ~36.4‰ and temperature >28 o C. In the northern hemisphere (NH) tropics the corresponding figures are ~12 MJm -2 day -1 and ~4.5mmm -2 day --1 . Equatorial upwelling and the 50m deep Bering Strait limit buoyant surface outflow from the North Pacific. We found pairs of counter-rotating vertical meridional tropical cells (MTCs), ~300-1200km wide, ~100m deep form separate SH and NH systems with little cross-equatorial flux. Counter-rotating Lagrangian wind-driven gyres transport heat and freshwater polewards in seasonally and tidally moderated stratified surface waters. The zonal geostrophic balance is maintained by the Equatorial Undercurrent (EUC) with an eastbound core ~140cms -1 and density ~25.0 at 50-150m. Global warming and polar icemelt has been underestimated from wrong assumptions of the processes in the top 3m of oceans. These are the unverified beliefs that ocean evaporation depends on windspeed and relative humidity that the ocean is well mixed to 10m depths, and by neglect of water density determined by both salinity and temperature. Temperature measurement to ±0.01 o C is required to account for the 3000x greater volumetric heat capacity of seawater to air (3.9x10 6 : 1.3x10 3 Jm -3 °C -1 ). Most SST data are to atmospheric standards (>±0.5°C). Evaporation depends only on temperature (Clausius-Clapeyron). Heat sequestration depends on the buoyant surface layer processes and underlying density gradient. Eleven interconnected counter-rotating Lagrangian wind-driven surface gyres form a global circulation system that carries buoyant surface water masses at speeds much higher than Eulerian geostrophic currents. Polar ice may erode year-round from basal melting from warm subsurface water. This explains contrasting Arctic/Antarctic warming impacts. We suggest many more in situ 3m timeseries especially meridional ones are needed to confirm our findings. In a second paper on centennial daily surface timeseries we show ocean surface warming trend rate post about 1976-1986 is ~0.037oCyr-1, i.e. >1oC in 20 years [1]. We suggest global warming research be concentrated on the top of the ocean through multidisciplinary timeseries fieldwork verification, monitoring and modeling. This would best be conducted through a cost-efficient dynamic adaptive scientific management for rapid determination of mitigation and adaptation strategies. Reducing troposphere greenhouse gases can only reduce warming. Mitigation maybe possible through heat energy extraction from geothermal, ocean, tidal and solar sources.


Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text. Background: Magnetically controlled growing rods (MCGR) have become a popular surgical option for the treatment of early-onset scoliosis. Both radiographs and ultrasound are currently used to measure the amount of length achieved when MCGRs are distracted. Previous studies have investigated the intraobserver and interobserver reliability of radiographic and ultrasound measurements of MCGR distraction. Some authors have reported that there is a "learning curve" in measuring MCGR lengthening with ultrasound, suggesting that new users require several months of experience before they can accurately perform the measurements. The goal of this study was to determine whether surgical experience of the rater is associated with the accuracy of radiographic and ultrasound measurements of MCGR distraction. Methods: Six raters evaluated 29 deidentified radiographs and 30 ultrasound images from early-onset scoliosis patients with MCGR. Raters had varying levels of experience, ranging from a senior fellowship-trained pediatric orthopaedic surgeon to a junior orthopaedic surgery resident. Raters measured the amount of rod distraction in 2 sessions spaced 2 weeks apart. All raters were provided with a document demonstrating the radiographic and ultrasound measurement techniques before the first round of measurements. Intraclass correlation coefficients were calculated. Results: Excellent intraobserver and interobserver agreement was achieved for both radiographic and ultrasound measurements of MCGR distraction. Subanalysis based on experience level showed that excellent intraobserver agreement was maintained with no evidence of decreased reliability in raters with less experience. Conclusions: Excellent intraobserver and interobserver agreement was obtained with radiographic and ultrasound measurements of MCGR distraction, regardless of the experience level of the rater. Posting a document with the radiographic and ultrasound measurement techniques in the orthopaedic surgery clinic, and perhaps also the radiology reading room may help avoid inaccurate measurements of distraction length secondary to a learning curve. Level of Evidence: Level III—diagnostic.


In this paper the elimination of VOCs with a bioscrubber is discussed. In the present case acetone is the main contaminant in the crude gas during laquering and coating processes. Design data of the plant and the results of three years operation are shown. Especially the influence of different packing types and nutrients is demonstrated. Additionally detailed maintenance and operation costs will be shown.


The mouth has a diverse microbial ecosystem and is yet vulnerable to infectious diseases. Dental plaque is formed when bacteria accumulate on teeth, and if left untreated, it can develop to gingivitis. Gingivitis can progress to periodontitis, which causes irreparable damage to the gums and underlying support tissues if left untreated. Hundreds of bacterial species are involved in dental caries such as streptococci species, lactobacillus species. Mouthwashes are meant to reduce oral bacteria, remove any food debris and provide a pleasant and refreshing taste in the mouth. Antiseptic chemicals including alcohol, menthol, and eucalyptol are used in mouthwash to destroy microorganisms. Plaque and gingivitis can be avoided with the use of mouthwash. Each mouthwash mixture has somewhat different chemicals, and each product serves a particular purpose. Herbal mouthwashes are considered to be an effective alternative for the commercial products. Herbal mouthwashes are in high demand, because they have less or no side effects and act on oral pathogens effectively. Herbs, in contrast to artificial products, are widely regarded as highly effective. Medicinal herbs have long been used to treat ailments because of their antibacterial and antifungal properties against human pathogens. Herbal mouth washes have the ability to deliver the therapeutic ingredients to access against the organism present on the surface of the mouth. Dental caries and periodontal diseases are among the most frequent infectious diseases experienced by many people at various phases of their lives, with a significant prevalence among children and adolescents who do not practice basic oral hygiene. Herbal mouthwash was prepared from the aqueous extracts of four different leaves namely Ocimum tenuiflorum, Plectranthus amboinicus, Mentha and Foeniculum vulgare. The antimicrobial efficacy was tested against the oral pathogens Staphylococcus sp., Streptococcus sp., and Bacillus sp. by using agar well diffusion method. The herbal mouthwash was found to be effective against the oral pathogens.


Non-functioning pituitary adenomas (NFPA) can be classified as either null cell adenomas or gonadotropin adenomas. NFPAs show few clinical signs and symptoms reflecting hormone production and do not manifest clinically as easily recognizable pituitary hypersecretory syndromes. MRI scans are the best way to detect NFPAs, but unfortunately most of the patients who undergo MRI generally have neuroophthalmological or neurological symptoms. It is therefore necessary to confirm the diagnosis of NFPAs using other methods such as gene expression profiling. However, the expression profiles of NFPA transcripts have been unclear to date. To overcome these diagnostic obstacles and to identify NFPA molecular markers, we used a combined approach involving microdissection, immunostaining and cDNA microarray analysis. Samples were collected from patients clinically diagnosed with NFPA by transsphenoidal resection. The control pituitary gland used in this study was freshly dissected from a patient with a brain tumor. The amount of RNA extracted did not correlate with the immunostaining results, but microarray analysis revealed overexpression of candidate molecules in NFPAs. In particular, SLITRK4 was found to have a specific expression pattern in sub-classified NFPA, and was overexpressed specifically in null cell adenomas. SLITRK4 expression was inversely correlated with the MIB-1 index. Our results suggested that SLITRK4 was expressed while the cells of the pituitary gland were undergoing tumorigenic transformation. Expression of SLITRK4 aggravated the development of NFPA, and facilitated tumor generation.


Time is power. A company that gets products to its customers faster than its competitors strengthens its market position; therefore management students should learn how to reduce lead times. The counterintuitive mathematical principles that drive lead time and the complex system dynamics of operations management make the skills of reducing lead times difficult to teach. Mathematical modeling (queuing-theory or simulation-based) is an effective tool for teaching these skills. In evaluating modeling approaches in the classroom, it is important to consider model quality and student affective outcomes, such as motivation and empowerment. Queuing-theory-based models increase students abilities to reduce lead times more than simulation-based models. Using a classic teaching case, we compare the two approaches.


The main purpose of this study is to find out the degree of attenuation when the x-ray entrances the skin and reaches the film at the bone area near the mandibular premolar root apex. In this study we used thermaluminescent dosimeters (TLDs) to measure the entrance dose and exit dose directly at the area of interest and calculated the penetration value P. We also simulated the attenuation process and calculated the P value in similar conditions. The results indicate that the mean P value of direct measurement from patient is 0.071 +/- 0.018 (60kVp, HVL = 1.5mm Al), while that for theoretical calculation is 0.06458 at 27keV. We concluded that P value of direct measurement can match with the theoretical value and further studies in jaw bone density and other related portions is worthwhile.


Once again, members of Congress have the Food and Drug Administration in their crosshairs. In 2007, their target was the FDA's perceived failures in terms of drug safety—resulting in the biggest FDA reform bill in decades. As the agency tries to put last year's drug safety concerns behind it, it must now contend with House and Senate concerns about off-label drug use.

Representative Henry Waxman (D-Calif.), chairman of the House Oversight and Investigations Committee, wants the FDA to delay issuing draft guidance on distributing pharmaceutical company promotional literature dealing with off-label use. Senator Charles Grassley (R-Iowa), the top Republican on the Senate Finance Committee, has asked three manufacturers of antipsychotic agents about their off-label promotion of their leading atypical antipsychotics for dementia, which the FDA has approved for psychosis and schizophrenia.

Off-label drug use, of course, is permissible; the problem is whether pharmaceutical companies can market drugs to physicians and other medical personnel for non-approved uses. Until 1997, that practice was generally illegal, but in that same year, Congress passed a law allowing legal off-label marketing if certain conditions were met. That "safe harbor" expired on September 30, 2006, and drug companies are chomping at the bit to get that exception renewed.

In October 2007, the FDA prepared a draft guidance explaining what it would do.1 However, in a letter to FDA Commissioner Andrew von Eschenbach, MD, Representative Waxman urged him not to go forward with this "ill-advised" guidance.

Waxman has two concerns. First, he thinks drug companies should be required to obtain the FDA's permission before they may disseminate medical journal articles promoting the off-label use of approved drugs; the 1997 exception included this. Second, without the FDA's agreement, he thinks that drug companies will have no incentive for conducting clinical trials supporting new uses of their products when they can "short-circuit FDA review," tilt less-than-rigorous trials to "deliver positive results," and then use the findings to influence prescribing patterns.

However, the concerns of both Waxman and Grassley (who opposes the off-label overuse of atypical antipsychotic drugs in nursing homes) are focused on the wrong end of the pipeline; that is, the focus should be on information going out to physicians, not on the physicians receiving the information. Off-label use is vital to many patient groups, and the benefits in those cases often outweigh the risks. However, using drugs in an off-label fashion can present dangers to patients, and the effectiveness of any drug or class of drugs used this way is far from ensured. But it is the physician who is the critical link here, not the drug company.

As for the FDA's draft guidance,1 no one could read it and say that the agency is making life easy for pharmaceutical companies. There are more hurdles to sending out promotional literature than there are on a steeplechase course. For example, a journal or online article cannot be published if the content is "inconsistent with the weight of credible evidence;" it cannot run counter to what has been found in other, similar clinical investigations. If an article contradicts the results of only one other article, that previously published dissenting article would have to be distributed at the same time. And there is more, much more.

If the FDA enforces these requirements, drug companies would probably not be sending around dubious articles based on bogus clinical trials, which is Waxman's concern. The bigger risk is that physicians might not pay close enough attention to the risks of off-label use, which can be substantial. These risks come into play in connection with atypical antipsychotic agents, which are Grassley's concern.

In the October 2007 issue of P&T, David A. Casey, MD, reviewed the black-box warnings that the FDA requires for the labeling of atypical antipsychotic agents. He stated:

Combined with the lack of an FDA indication, the warnings call for a special focus on documentation, informed consent, and monitoring for all patients with dementia who are taking atypical antipsychotic drugs.2

Medical professionals must pay very careful attention to the off-label use of atypical antipsychotic drugs. Peter V. Rabins, MD, MPH, a psychiatry professor at Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, chaired the American Psychiatric Association's work group, which published a practice guideline last fall.3 In an interview, he emphasized that non-pharmacological interventions should be tried first for agitated or aggressive nursing-home patients with Alzheimer's disease or dementia unless these patients pose a clear danger to themselves or others. If those interventions don't work, antipsychotic agents can be "modestly effective," he said.

Dr. Rabins added that the question of whether antipsychotic agents are being overused in nursing homes is an important one. He explained:

I don't think there is enough scientific evidence to say they are overused. There is good evidence that even when they are appropriately used, the dose can often be lowered or the drug can be discontinued after several months.

Rather than alter a pretty toughly worded FDA guidance document, Congressmen Waxman, Grassley, and others who are worried about the overuse of off-label drugs might think about requiring physicians to sign off on an authorization before they prescribe them; they could simply check a box on a script. Signing off would commit doctors to seeing how their patients are handling the drug every few days or every few weeks, and it would confirm that the physicians themselves understand the risks of that prescription and have explained these risks to the patient and family. The American Medical Association would go bonkers, of course, but maybe just raising the possibility means that the message would get out: that off-label prescribing is serious business.


We introduce an approach to find upper bounds of heap space for Java Card applets. Our approach analyzes and transforms bytecodes of Java Card applets into equivalent programs in a language that already has a type system for finding the sharp upper bounds of resource use. We then point out a linear-time algorithm to compute the maximum heap units that may be allocated during the lifetime of Java Card applets. We also have implemented a prototype tool and tested it on several examples and the results are good. I. INTRODUCTION


A resonance which "decays" into a meson and one of the $J={\frac{3}{2}}^{+}$ isobars may, according to the unitary symmetry scheme, belong to any one of the irreducible representations 8, 10, 27, or 35. Even if only a $Y=1$ member of the supermultiplet is detected, it is still possible to determine the dimensionality of the representation by the study of the ratios between the partial widths for decays into different isobar-meson channels.


This introductory chapter of the book Traditional Folk Song in Modern Japan Sources, Sentiment and Society describes developments in the Japanese folk song world since the onset of significant Westernization and modernization in the latter nineteenth century. Since that time, the concept of a genre of music called min'yō ('folk song') has spread gradually throughout Japan, and min'yō has become a distinct and respected genre. Spurred by European Romantic influences, this development also depended on indigenous factors including urbanization, renewed national self-confidence, respect for agriculture, and improved transportation and communication. The chapter discusses distinction between min'yō ('folk song') and minzoku geinō ('folk performing arts'). The meaning of the term zoku was traced through the centuries, providing some insight into changes in attitudes towards traditional popular music during the past century. The chapter also briefs about the basic musical parameters of min'yō: instrumentation, and musical features.Keywords: European Romantic influence; Japanese folk song; min'yo; minzoku geinō; zoku


As urbanization fragments local ecological and social networks, parks play an increasingly important role in re-connecting children with nature and their community. This paper examines changes in both place and time that have impoverished children's outdoor experiences and notes the significance of these changes. A redefinition of urban parks to enrich childhood experiences is proposed, noting models that offer daily accessibility and identifying key qualities. Innovations in policy, process, and partnerships are presented as essential steps in realizing and sustaining parks that foster a reconnection of children with their landscape's nature and community.


Background Perinatal infratentorial haemorrhage (PIH) is a rare birth complication associated with abnormal labour. Case presentation A baby boy was born by vacuum extraction at 41 weeks' gestational age. The pregnancy was uneventful and Apgar scores were 3/6/9. Following initial resuscitation, insufficient and irregular breathing, non-reactive pupils and absence of spontaneous movements were noted. A diagnosis of perinatal asphyxia with hypoxic–ischaemic encephalopathy (HIE) was considered. Therapeutic hypothermia (TH) for 72 hours was initiated. Cerebral ultrasound showed only a mildly hyperechogenic periventricular substance. A brain MRI on the fourth day of life revealed a subdural haemorrhage in the posterior fossa with compression of the fourth ventricle. Conclusion PIH is an important differential diagnosis to HIE that can be missed with ultrasound. PIH is a treatable condition but may be aggravated by TH. Therefore, in neonates at risk for PIH, a more detailed ultrasound protocol or brain MRI should be considered early.


Objective To investigate the clinical features of domestic adult hepatoblastoma(hepatoblastoma,HB)and provide a reference for clinical diagnosis and treatment.Methods Retrieval search biomedical Chinese literatures of the database,the deadline was December 31,2013,searched all the published adult HB literature,collected and analyzed the literature with clinical pathological demonstrated cases,analysis items including gender,age,the main clinical manifestations,laboratory examination,imaging examination,treatment and prognosis.Results There were 24 papers,37 cases of adult HB were enrolled.Men and women about 1.64-' 1(23/14),relatively more commonly found in the age of 40 ~60 years(18/37,48.65%).Abdominal pain(54.05%,20/37),abdominal distension(48.65%,18/37) and abdominal mass(22.22%,8/37) are the most common clinical manifestations,but lack of specificity.About half of the cases(48.39%,15/31) with elevated plasma AFP,AFP levels after treatment were decreased.Risk factor for hepatitis B is not adult HB.Ultrasound and CT examination are the most commonly used image methods in the diagnosis of adult HB,but lack of specificity.Tumors are more commonly found in the right lobe of the liver(54.05%,20/37),about half of the patients had different degree of infiltration and metastasis at diagnosis.Adult HB misdiagnosis rate is high,is easy to be misdiagnosed as hepatocellular carcinoma.Operation is the most commonly used method of treatment,chemotherapy is an important therapeutic tool.Adult HB's prognosis slightly better than liver cancer,the median survival time was 6 months.Conclusion Adult HB studies show a lack of specificity of the clinical and imaging character,in clinical work should be alert to the presence of adult HB.Operation is the first choice of treatment of adult HB,chemotherapy is an important therapeutic tool.


Study was conducted of Chinese mahogany culture in greenhouse.The content and results of the study are as follows. 1)variety contrast.The red mahogany from Cao county of Shandong is best,whose bud yield is higher than others by 34%. 2)Planting density.The density of 40 trees/m 2 is best,but the further study is needed. 3)Stem cutting height.The optimum cutting heightis 1 5 m,average bud number 3 37. 4)Dwarf hoemone.pp 333 has the best effect. 5)Breaking phyllogen test.Spraying 0 005% gibberellin is the best measure,about 80% of plants breaking phyllogen in 15 days.


Spatio‐temporal drought characteristics related to weak, moderate, and strong El Niño events in the Indonesian region were investigated. The empirical orthogonal function (EOF) patterns of normalized monthly precipitation and Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) for the period 1950–2010 were analysed; the influence of El Niño events are better represented by SPI. The effects of El Niño events on meteorological drought were investigated based on a composite analysis. The effects of El Niño were more obvious during June–July–August and September–October–November, while they were not significant in March–April–May especially during weak and moderate El Niño events. Spatial distributions of affected areas varied by season, intensity of El Niño events, and local factors. During moderate and strong El Niño events, meteorological drought was more common in southern Sumatra, Java, Bali, Nusa Tenggara, southeastern Kalimantan, Sulawesi, Maluku, and Papua. Based on the spatial and temporal variability of droughts, the monthly or seasonal meteorological drought outlook can be improved by using SPI focusing more on the regions and seasons that are affected by El Niño events. The multi‐model ensemble (MME) forecast of SPI performed better for the target months of September to November even at medium lead times. The months are consistent with the period of serious El Niño effects on drought, implying that serious drought conditions during the most harshly affected season can be predicted using the MME forecast.


This is the first of a series of papers devoted to the initial value problem for the one‐dimensional Euler system of compressible fluids and augmented versions containing higher‐order terms. In the present paper, we are interested in dispersive shock waves and analyze the zero viscosity‐capillarity limit associated with the Navier‐Stokes‐Korteweg system. Specifically, we establish the existence of finite energy solutions as well as their convergence toward entropy solutions to the Euler system. Our method of proof combines energy and effective energy estimates, a nonlinear Sobolev inequality, high‐integrability properties for the mass density and for the velocity, and compactness properties based on entropies.© 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.


A method and system for location dependent verbal command execution in a computer based control system within an installation having multiple physical locations. A specified function within each physical location, such as a lighting fixture or alarm setting, may be controlled by a selected verbal command. A microphone within each room or physical location within the installation is utilized to detect each utterance of a verbal command and the volume of each verbal command is determined for each physical location at which that command is detected. Thereafter, the physical location having the highest volume for a detected verbal command is identified and the specified function is controlled at only that location. In the event multiple speakers simultaneously utter a verbal command at different physical locations, the location of maximum volume is determined for each speaker and the specified function is controlled at only the maximum volume location associated with each speaker. In this manner, a single verbal command may be utilized to control an identical function at multiple locations within an installation in a location dependent manner.


The rescaled fourth‐order cumulant of the unobserved innovations of linear time series is an important parameter in statistical inference. This article deals with the problem of estimating this parameter. An existing nonparametric estimator is first discussed, and its asymptotic properties are derived. It is shown how the autocorrelation structure of the underlying process affects the behaviour of the estimator. Based on our findings and on an important invariance property of the parameter of interest with respect to linear filtering, a pre‐whitening‐based nonparametric estimator of the same parameter is proposed. The estimator is obtained using the filtered time series only; that is, an inversion of the pre‐whitening procedure is not required. The asymptotic properties of the new estimator are investigated, and its superiority is established for large classes of stochastic processes. It is shown that for the particular estimation problem considered, pre‐whitening can reduce the variance and the bias of the estimator. The finite sample performance of both estimators is investigated by means of simulations. The new estimator allows for a simple modification of the multiplicative frequency domain bootstrap, which extends its considerable range of validity. Furthermore, the problem of testing hypotheses about the rescaled fourth‐order cumulant of the unobserved innovations is also considered. In this context, a simple test for Gaussianity is proposed. Some real‐life data applications are presented.


Chronic rhinosinusitis is a polyetiological disease, the pathogenesis of which is currently being actively studied. It has been known that Th1 type of immune response prevails in chronic rhinosinusitis without nasal polyps. In addition to cytokines that contributes to the activation of cell-mediated immunity, melatonin may be involved in the regulation of the subtype of immune response. Concentrations of IL-8, IL-12 and melatonin in blood serum of patients with exacerbation of chronic rhinosinusitis without nasal polyps (n = 20) and healthy individuals with deviated nasal septum (n = 20), who served as the control group, were determined using the corresponding ELISA kits. Analysis of obtained data was carried out using the Graph Pad Prism 5 application with the help of the MannWhitney U test. It was shown that exacerbation of chronic rhinosinusitis without nasal polyps was accompanied by melatonin deficiency against the background of elevated concentrations of Th1-associated proinflammatory cytokines IL-8 and IL-12 in blood serum. Melatonin has been known to affect the expression of IL-8 and IL-12. Thus, melatonin, acting via proinflammatory cytokines, can affect the differentiation of naïve immature CD4+ cells in Th1-cells, promoting realization of the immune response in the cell-mediated direction. Our conclusions about the prevalence of cell-mediated Th1-related immune response in chronic rhinosinusitis without nasal polyps are consistent with the data of other authors. Thus, exacerbation of chronic rhinosinusitis without nasal polyps is accompanied by a twofold increase in serum IL-12 and a threefold increase in serum IL-8 levels against the background of noticeable lack of melatonin, which may indicate the role of melatonin deficiency in the activation of the cell-mediated immunity.


With solar energy, the most promising clean energy, being widely used, the construction of photovoltaic power stations in China has also brought huge environmental benefits. However, the characteristics of photovoltaic power generation with great volatility, uncertainty, and low energy density have gradually become prominent. In particular, solar energy is greatly affected by meteorological factors, which is not conducive to grid dispatch. Therefore, in order to be able to accurately predict the power output of photovoltaic power plants to make predictions, Prediction models are established of this paper for short-term power generation and mid-to-long-term power generation of photovoltaic power stations, using deep belief neural networks and gray-weighted Markov chains , The short-term power generation and mid- and long-term power generation of photovoltaic power stations are predicted, and the average prediction accuracy exceeds 80%. It is of great significance to reasonably perform grid dispatch, improve the stability of grid operation, and reduce the economic cost of grid operation.


Communication through email represents one of the most important forms of business communication, not just within a company but also externally with customers. The paper examines email interactions between the agents representing a Slovenian transport company and its customers. More specifically, the study examines specific aspects and elements of email production in a Slovenian customer service setting. It is hoped that the findings will help enhance the communication skills of learners of Slovenian as a foreign language and students of translation and increase their cultural awareness and their knowledge of technology-mediated customer service communication. Moreover, the findings could increase students' understanding of the pragmatic motivations behind interactants' linguistic choices.


The thought of keeping the advancement of the Party Members is an important part of Lenin's thought of the Party-building. Lenin believes that keeping the advancement of the Party Members is the basis of keeping the advancement of the Party, and the key to improve the administrative capability of the Party. Nowadays, the thought of Lenin is still instructive in the building of the Party.


Summary of the campus sports culture as a part of campus culture is a rich and profound connotations of the concept of social cultural phenomenon,and campus staff in the course of sports material on the sport,systems and culture combined.The article proposed by the sports culture on campus to explore the theory that the campus culture in a harmonious campus sports unique status and role,and to study school sports provide a new perspective.


Several recent studies have observed a high incidence of duodenoscope microbial contamination and an association of contamination with healthcare‐acquired infections. This study sought to quantify nasopharyngoscope microbial contamination relative to that of other endoscope categories and characterize the manufacturers, outcomes, and microbial profiles associated with these cases.


The CuNiIn coating was prepared by arc spraying in this paper.Effects of spray voltage, spraying distance, atomizing gas and pressure on the properties of CuNiIn coating were investigated. The results showed that,with increasing spray voltage(between 30~35V), the bonding strength of coatings decreased, while its hardness increased; with increasing atomization gas pressure, the bonding strength of the coating increased initially and then decreased; the oxide content of coatings can be effectively reduced when argon was used as atomization gas; By optimizing the spraying parameters, the bonding strength of coating reaches 36 MPa,its hardness was HR15Y49.1 and porosity was 0.8%.Under the experimental condions that frequency of 10 Hz, stoke of 0.1mm, load of 50N,the coefficient of friction were 0.68 and 0.72 when the temperature were 20℃ and 450℃ respectively.


RSA public key cryptosystem is the "de-facto" standard, provides confidentiality and privacy security services over the internet. At Eurocrypt 1999, Boneh and Durfee proposed a polynomial time attacks on RSA small decryption key exponent. Their attacks worked by exploiting the lattice and sub lattice structure using lattice based Coppersmith's method to solve a modular polynomials, when $d < N^{0.284}$ and $d < N^{0.292}$ respectively. In this work, we propose a new attack on some special case of Boneh and Durfee's attack method with respect to large decryption exponent (i.e. $d=N^{\epsilon} > e=N^{\alpha}$, where $\alpha$ and $\epsilon$ are the encryption and decryption exponents respectively) for some $\alpha\leq\epsilon$. The condition $d > \phi(N)-N^{\epsilon}$ satisfies our devised attack and the experimental outcome certifies that an RSA cryptosystem with large decryption exponent successfully revealed the weak keys through lattice basis reduction method.


Let L be a hypothetical smooth Levi flat hypersurface in CP2 and r the signed distance to L by means of the Fubini-Study metric g. Denote Lru = cru the second order elliptic equation for the infinitesimal Levi-flat deformations of L, where cr = dbJbr + br ∧ Jbr, br = ιXrdγr, Xr = gradgr/ ∥gradgr∥2 g, γr is the restriction of dcr to L and db is the differentiation along the leafs of the Levi foliation. Then −cr ≥ H as leaf-wise (1, 1)-forms, where H is the holomorphic bisectional curvature of CP2. We give also an example of a Levi-flat manifold L of dimension 3 verifying that there exists a (1, 0)-form α on L such that ∂α is a K¨ahler form on every leaf of the Levi foliation, but L is not embeddable in CP2.


By way of the analysis prolong prebaked anode to using period,the influence factor of the anode-consumption of period as well as its production technology condition,and defines by way of raises that the quality roasting anode to prolong his to using period,and studying to lay down and detailedly discussed improving concrete technology improvement measure of prebaked anode quality in advance. Expounding improves The effect gained after the improvemment of prebaked Anode technology and economic performance and social benefit that the enterprise creates, are expounded.


The one-seeded, serrate leaf margined junipers of Southwestern United States and northern Mexico consist of J. angosturana, J. californica, J. coahuilensis var. arizonica, J. c. var. coahuilensis, J. monosperma, J. pinchotii, J. occidentalis var. australis, J. o. var. occidentalis and J. osteosperma. Recent nrDNA and trnC-trnD sequence data were compared with RAPDs analysis and two of the taxa (J. c. var. arizonica; J. o. var. australis) were found to be in separate clades. In addition, the two taxa were as distinct as other recognized species in the group. Because of this, Juniperus coahuilensis var. arizonica is recognized at the specific level as J. arizonica. Since the specific name J. australis is unavailable due to prior use, J. occidentalis var. australis, was given a new name, J. grandis, to denote the robust tree nature of the big western juniper. All the remaining taxa were quite distinct in both their sequences and RAPDs data.


Abstract : A type of self-optimizing computer algorithm, called evolutionary programming, was used to create a number of models of the dolphin ear. The models consisted of a series of overlapping bandpass filters that varied in sensitivity and bandpass region and were distributed across the range of dolphin hearing. The evolutionary program iteratively varied the shape, number, and distribution of filters in each model and optimized the acoustic sensitivity of the model to the hearing sensitivity of the dolphin. Final models displayed acoustic sensitivities similar to the dolphin across the range of dolphin hearing. These bandpass models are frequency domain filters usable as preprocessors to biomimetic mine countermeasure classification/detection algorithms and auditory weighting functions in environmental compliance issues related to the interaction between marine mammal populations and anthropogenic sound.


Intravenous lidocaine is used to treat various neuropathic pain states. Systemic local anesthetics have been reported to cause behavioral alteration via limbic system activation. This case report describes a dramatic behavioral change in a patient receiving intravenous lidocaine and suggests a possible use of lidocaine to discriminate somatic and affective pain characteristics.


Introduction: Prenatal oral care is important for both the oral and general health of the woman and the offspring and it should be maintained throughout the life course. Objectives: To determine the distribution of both hospital and community dental care facilities for the provision of oral healthcare to antenatal mothers referred to the maternal and child health (MCH) clinics, in the district of Gampaha, Sri Lanka Methods: All the MCH clinics and all available public dental care facilities were mapped using Geographic Information System (GIS) software, and the minimum referral distance was measured from each MCH clinic to the nearest public dental clinic using the distance-based GIS tools. Results: The referral distance reported from an MCH clinic to a public dental clinic varied between 0- 8.5 km. About 22% (n=37) of the MCH clinics had an in-house or proximate dental facility not more than 1 km away. About 41% (n=69) of MCH clinics had a public dental clinic within a 2.5 km distance, and it increased up to 81% (n=136) when the referral distance expanded up to 5km. The average referral distance for pregnancy oral healthcare in the entire district was 3 km. Conclusions: The study identified service disparities in pregnancy oral healthcare in the district using geo-spatial techniques. It could contribute to future planning of hospital and community based dental clinic locations for antenatal mothers, emphasising the importance of referral distance in improving the dental attendance among pregnant women.


To the Editor:

Forty-one years ago, my colleagues and I documented the 2nd case in adults of Coxsackie virus Group B, Type 5 encephalitis. 1 The patient, a 20-year-old college student, was gravely ill, exhibiting maniacal behavior at admission, and subsequently becoming transiently unresponsive with temperatures as high as 105.4 °F. During his hospitalization, a series of sensory perceptual tests showed evidence of severe brain injury. A consulting psychologist noted that "general personality organization is shattered." Amazingly, the patient's condition gradually improved. On the 21st hospital day, he was discharged without apparent residua.

Soon thereafter, I moved to another city and lost track of the patient. He, however, remembered my last name. Forty-two years after his illness, he hunted me down and sent the following e-mail:

I have lived a rich and productive life since my recovery from meningoencephalitis. In 1972, I received a Ph.D. degree in Applied Physics and Engineering from U.C.L.A. and have worked as a research scientist for the U.S. Navy for nearly 40 years. I am involved in the collection, processing, analysis, and dissemination of national intelligence. Happily married since 1965, my wife and I have 4 children and 10 grandchildren.

Comment: A happy surprise, like fine wine, "… maketh glad the heart of man (Psalms 104:15)."


Introduction: Among all stroke patients, intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) patients activate the 911 system sooner than cerebral ischemia (CI) patients. However, the temporal profiles of EMS alarm and ...


Extensor tendon injuries are conventionally treated by immobilizing the involved digit in an extended position for 4-6 weeks, followed by active mobilization. This regimen is compared with early controlled active mobilization with dynamic splintage. The improved results are demonstrated.


During this studying,three grassland types,the meadow,the prairie and the desert,were chosen to do the biomass measurement.According to the synchronized data of MODIS and AVHRR and using ENVI software,we extracted the vegetation indexes,NDVI and RVI,obtained from two sensors,of three grassland types respectively,and formed two biomass models of three grassland types by statistical analysis,thereby set up the linear relation between MODIS vegetation index and the real measured grassland biomass,and estimated and analyzed the yield estimating model of the vegetation index of MODIS and AVHRR.


Extreme 6-hour tour to the jungle in Puerto Vallarta, Mexico, from Mondays to Saturdays with zip line and extreme driving.


Sir, Even though M. tuberculosis continues to kill thousands of people yearly, we should not forget that another new problem may arise as we are neglecting nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM), frequently being isolated since many years. The frequency of NTM pulmonary disease has been reported to be increasing on several continents. [1] Although the number of cases of tuberculosis is decreasing in the United States, NTM are being recovered with increasing frequency from both immunocompromised and immunocompetent patients. The high prevalence populated areas, immunocompromised including HIV, chronic pulmonary disease, and middle-aged women are at risk. NTM are now being increasingly identified to be the cause of skin and soft tissue infections, especially in postoperative cases.


Measurements of the gas compressibility of tetrafluoromethane were made in the region, 0–350°, 15–394 atm. From these results, values of the compressibility factor Z=PV/RT, the second, third, and fourth virial coefficients, and the parameters of the Beattie‐Bridgeman and Benedict‐Webb‐Rubin equations of state were derived. The virial coefficients were correlated by the Lennard‐Jones (12, 6), Lennard‐Jones (28, 7), Stockmayer, and Kihara intermolecular potential energy functions, and numerical values for the molecular parameters were obtained. One of the first tests of the theoretical fourth virial coefficient of the Lennard‐Jones (12, 6) potential was made using the experimental fourth virial coefficients of tetrafluoromethane.


Jonathan Swift'sGuillver's Travels, published in 1726, recounts the fictional adventures of Lemuel Gulliver, a ship's surgeon. Gulliver's most famous adventures are in Lilliput, the land of the little people, in Brobdingnag, the land of the giants, and in Houyhnhnm, the land of the horses. Less quoted is his adventure in Laputa where Gulliver, finding that science is out of control and not improving the lives of the citizens, condemns science. Current exploits in clinical trials regarding sepsis tempt the observer, like Gulliver, to condemn science, since intervention trials have found no benefit from anti-inflammatory therapies. However, out of apparent chaos often appears order: from these studies, our understanding of sepsis, sepsis syndrome, and the systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) is gradually increasing. See also p 117. In this issue ofThe Journal, Rangel-Frausto et al1provide a prospective validation of SIRS. They show that a diagnosis of SIRS


This paper reports an investigation of the predictive power, at posttreatment and long-term follow-up, of two prognostic indices reflecting the complexity and severity of presenting problems and the quality of the therapeutic alliance in early sessions of therapy. Of entrants to two clinical trials of cognitive behavior therapy for generalized anxiety disorder, 51% (106 of 207) were assessed 2–10 years following original treatment. Outcome measures comprised Clinical Global Severity, rated by an independent assessor, and the trait version of the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory. The two prognostic indices were broadly equivalent in predictive power at posttreatment (together explaining about 38% of the variance in outcome) but at long-term follow-up only the prognostic index reflecting complexity and severity of presenting problems was significantly associated with outcome. The potential value of refined and improved versions of these prognostic indices is discussed from a clinical and theoretical perspective.


A new method, 2DPCA-GMM of tracking and segmentation in the dynamic environment of objects is proposed in this paper. The method attempts to link the Gaussian mixture model, (GMM) with the method of two dimensional principal component analysis (2DPCA) and apply Kalman Filtering (KF) for tracking. In this context, the aim of the paper is to tackle tracking of moving object based on 2DPCA-GMM together with Kalman prediction of the position and size of object along the image's sequence. The obtained results successfully illustrate the tracking of a single moving object as well as multiple moving objects based on segmentation generated by 2DPCA-GMM.


This paper presents a multicriteria methodology aimed at evaluating the quality of information technology (IT) projects. This assessment is derived from expert judgments regarding some aspects that are critical to project management. These criteria were obtained through a literature review and a questionnaire. For the development of this assessment fuzzy logic and multicriteria method SMARTS were used. In order to illustrate the application of the model a numerical example based on a hypothetical case is presented.


In L'É tat, l'armée, la science, Patrice Bret mines a wide range of primary and secondary sources and synthesizes years of his own historical research. Rather than emphasizing institutions, corporate groups, or systems, Bret focuses on experimental and applied public research programs—a phenomenon formed in the crucible of arms development and "a sector that offers essential materials for a reflection on invention and innovation, science and power, politics and technology, the organization of research and the genesis of a politics of research" (p. 17). The book is organized into three parts: (1) the state as organizer of innovation; (2) the administration of production; and (3) programs for testing weapons. Bret first examines Colbert's rationalist approach to state public service and its influence on eighteenth-century engineering. During the Revolution, the scientists who worked for the Comité de salut public drew heavily upon that rationalist tradition. But Bret argues that historians have not sufficiently recognized the decisively political nature of the Comité's decisions and the extent to which the scientists designed and acquired power through politics, science, and technology. Bret thus contests the conventional view of the scientists' involvement as "purely technical" and apolitical, referring to it as the "direction occulte des savants" (p. 76). Here, one should compare Ken Alder's "technocratic pose" in Engineering the Revolution (1997). Bret's explanation of the scientists' consolidation of power eschews traditional institutional analysis in favor of studying the informal though effective network of personal and professional connections in the chemical revolution (among, for example, Fourcroy, Monge, Berthollet, Chaptal, Guyton, and Lavoisier). Bret details how chemists combined those networks with their science, techniques, and styles to develop research programs for arms production and testing, powder and saltpeter, ballooning, accelerated production of hydrogen, tanning of leather, production of soda, materials for pencils, and rocketry. The provisional or extraordinary methods of the Revolution later became normalized through technocratic administrations from the Directory to the Restoration, which then displayed their own inertia. The second part of the book begins with a chapter on the rationalization of industrial production of artillery and small arms—the primary focus of Alder's book, but only a subtheme here. Bret's main interest is the production of chemical-related inventions and innovations, first organized by the Old Regime's Régie system, and then by revolutionaries who sought to accelerate production and develop alternative materials and techniques. B O O K R E V I E W S


The effect of using fly ash on the compounding, processing and physical properties of cured rubber is demonstrated. The results compared to those obtained with conventional fillers are highlighted. Advantages as well as limitations of using alumina silicate spheres recovered from fly ash are discussed.


| In Bangladesh, large-scale animal production (cattle, buffalo, sheep, goats, and poultry) is generally based on commercial feeds rather than the provision of fodders and forages. Marginal and small farmers, on the other hand, feed their livestock with different crop residues and grasses. The feed milling industry is remarkably dependent on imported concentrate feeds for the animal ration. In addition, there is an ongoing competition of grains between animal feed and human consumption due to the excessive demand for simultaneous growth of livestock industry and human population. In our country, the production of the main crop's (rice, wheat, corn, legumes, and oilseed) is enormous all year round which offers a great opportunity to use the by-products of these main crops as animal feed (both concentrate and roughage) commercially if proper ways are followed. Feed resources are in abundance, but these are considered a waste because they pollute our environment. To maintain environmentally friendly animal production, it is highly appreciated to commercialize these by-products in such a way so that large and small-scale farmers can take over the advantages of animal husbandry. The coordination among government livestock extension departments, non-governmental organizations, and research associations is highly noteworthy for raising awareness among farmers and feed manufacturers. Hence, this review article is written to emphasize the value of major crop's by-products in Bangladesh under the scheme that highlights homegrown food as feed and not waste.


We investigate global symmetries and Yukawa couplings in the Calabi-Yau manifold K which results in four-generation models. By the full use of global symmetries on the compactified manifold, all Yukawa couplings are calculated concretely and they are expressed in terms,of a few parameters. It is shown that among various types of the embedding of G d = III(K) into E6 the most attractive model is the one with the gauge symmetry G=SU(3)c x SU(2)L x SU(2h X U(1)2 at the compactification scale. In this model quark/lepton mass matrices and the longevity of proton are discussed in connection with the R-symmetry.


This paper is an initial report on flight experiments with a small, unmanned helicopter using a state dependent Riccati Equation (SDRE) controller for autonomous, agile maneuvering. The control design is based upon a full, 6-DoF, analytic nonlinear dynamic model, which is manipulated into a pseudo-linear form in which system matrices are given explicitly as a function of the current state. A standard Riccati equation is then solved numerically in each frame of a 50 Hz. control loop to design the state feedback control law on-line. Several flights have been flown with the helicopter to evaluate the accuracy of tracking under SDRE control in comparison with simulation results.


After the near-abandoned production wells in the high part of the fault block reservoir are closed for a period of time, the remaining oil in the low part will accumulate at the fault in the high part to produce secondary enrichment. At present, research on the secondary enrichment of the remaining oil mainly focuses on the remigration method of the remaining oil, and there is less research on the mechanism of the secondary enrichment of the remaining oil. In view of the above problems, a planar numerical model is established to analyse the remaining oil secondary enrichment law, combined with the longitudinal numerical model to analyse the mechanism of the remaining oil secondary enrichment, and nine factors are selected to study their influence on the remaining oil secondary enrichment law, further determining the main control factors through sensitivity analysis. Based on the numerical simulation results, the reservoir conditions conducive to the secondary enrichment of the remaining oil are determined. The research shows that the remaining oil secondary enrichment mechanism includes pressure redistribution after well shut-in and the comprehensive effect of the micro force. The increase in the formation dip angle, permeability and water injection intensity before well shut-in is beneficial to accelerate the secondary enrichment of the remaining oil. Permeability and formation dip angle are the main controlling factors of positive correlation parameters, and the shut-in water cut is the main controlling factor of negative correlation parameters and the most sensitive. In addition, when the permeability is greater than 200 mD, the formation dip angle is greater than 9°, and the shut-in water cut is less than 95%, which is conducive to the secondary enrichment of the remaining oil. This study has reference significance for the field to understand the mechanism and influencing factors of the secondary enrichment of the remaining oil.


The aim of this paper is to study the well-posedness and the long time behavior of solutions for an equation of Allen-Cahn type owing to proper approximations of the singular potential and a suitable denition of solutions. We also prove the existence of the nite dimensional global attractor as well as exponential attractors.


Present day digital computers universally employ ferrite cores for random storage. Available memories, operating in a current coincident mode, have capacities up to approximately 2 × 106 bits and cycle times in the neighborhood of 10 microseconds [1]. Shorter cycle times around 1 microsecond have been achieved in commerical systems by resorting to a word organized mode of operation [2]. Because of the increased cost of the required electronic circuitry, bit capacities are in general less than those of a coincident current store.


j the late i890's a young English physician, Archibald E. Garrod, encountered his first cases of alkaptonuria, and N IN | thereupon embarked upon studies which led him to a grand conception of extraordinary frLitfulness" 2, that a252s25a252ss of inborn errors of metabolism. In his Croonian Lectures of i9082 Garrod described the disorders in question as "metabolic sports the clinical analogues of structural malformations" and gave a startlingly modern account of their origin as genetically transferred deficiencies of one or another enzyml e required to perform a specific metabolic function. Grouped together in this commun category wvere alkaptonuria, albinism, cystinuria and pentosuria; and eve-n these few\ examples were cited more by prescience than by the demonstration of the scanty evidence then available, as Knox3 has explained so engagingly. The few examples indicated were, however, "merely the obvious members of a far larger group", recognizable only because they "advertise their presence in some conspicuous way". They w\ere to be clearly distinguished on the one hand fromt general disorders of metabolism, and on the other from the minor metabolic variations which occur within the framew\vork of the normal in different individuals. The concept was so far in advance of the enzynilo gical techniques necessary to support it that its implications were not fuLlly realized until recent years. Noxv it is plain that no segment of the total of metal)olic processes is ininIL11e from inl)orn metabolic errors. For while such defects immediately involve the structure of proteins (enzymes), the functional incapacity of a critical enzyme nmay )C rcflected in profound disturbances in the metabolism of proteins aminmo acids, carbohydrates, lipids, nucleic acids, porplyrins, electrolx-tes or pigm1lents. To illustrate this diversity the following examples of inborn errors of metabolism