The modern enterprise especially the manufacturing enterprise must face the problem that how to effectively integrate The Product Data Management( PDM) and The Enter-prise Resource Planning ( ERP ).From the concepts of The PDM and The ERP,this article introduced the concepts and embarks of The PDM and The ERP,the necessity and the ways of the integration.


Persons exposed to "natural" or "engineered" nanoparticles – either in production processes or during the transport of these materials, and especially when using nanoparticles/nanomaterials – are susceptible to their toxic action by inhalation, ingestion or skin contact. The study aimed to analyse the legislation and concerns of international nanoscience agencies as compared to the provisions of the relevant legislation in Romania, in order to describe the current status quo of health policies in the field of occupational exposures to nanoparticles. European institutions are turning to modern and varied solutions to raise awareness of the risk that nanoparticle represent for public health, and to stimulate scientific research in the field; they also encourage Member States to pursue a similar policy. Romanian legislation has not yet taken on the European Union's recommendations regarding health protection for occupational exposure to nanoparticles. Keywords: nanoparticles, nanomaterials, occupational exposure, public health


Preface Introduction Overview of French Migration to North America French Ethnicity on the American Scene Voyage to The West Integration into American Society: Socio-Demographic Factors of Acculturation Life at Home and Beyond: Behavioral and Interactional Factors of Acculturation Perceptual Dimensions of Ethnicity The French Linguistic Heritage Conclusion Appendix: The Interview Guide Bibliography Index


Selected varieties of strawberries, blackberries, and blueberries grown in Serbia have been analyzed, and their polyphenolic profile was determined by HPLC analysis. The occurrence of phenolic acids, flavonols, and anthocyanins has been examined. Caffeic, p-coumaric, ferulic, and ellagic acid were identified and quantified. Six flavonols have been identified in berry samples: quercetin, quercetin-glucoside, quercetin-galactoside, kaempferol, kaempferol-glucoside, and rutin. The following anthocyanins were found in strawberries: pelargonidin-glucoside, pelargonidin-rutinoside, cyanidin-glucoside, and cyanidin-malonylglucoside. Cyanidin-glucoside, cyanidin-rutinoside, and cyanidin-malonylglucoside were found in blackberry samples. The following anthocyanins were found in blueberries: delphinidin-galactoside, delphinidin-glucoside, delphinidin-arabinoside, cyanidin-galactoside, cyanidin-glucoside, cyanidin-arabinoside, petunidin-arabinoside, petunidin-galactoside, peonidin-galactoside, and malvidin-galactoside. Statistical multivariate method – principal component analysis (PCA) was used to classify phenolic acids, flavonols, and anthocyanins according to their contents in berry samples. Cluster analysis (CA) was used to classify samples based on the individual polyphenolics content.


Studies of spontaneous behavior to assess memory are widespread, but often the relationships of objects to contexts and spatial locations are poorly defined. We examined whether object-location memory was maintained following global, but not local, changes to the geometric shape of an arena. Rats explored two trial-unique objects in a distinctively shaped arena before being exposed to two identical copies of one of these objects in a different shape in a different physical location. Rats preferentially explored objects that were novel in relation to their local geometric context rather than identifying both locations as novel in the global geometric context.


The stability of an existing non-linear system model of a Dubins vehicle is investigated. The discovery of the system state variables and their dynamics from simulation data is attempted, using machine learning (ML) techniques. The results show that there is at least one case in which system state-space discovery through a ML approach is unsuccessful. Technology which relies upon state abstraction from inferential learning techniques may be vulnerable to failure if the cases are not well understood.


Purpose: To examine 70 % aqueous-methanol crude extract of Crotalaria burhia (Cb.Cr) for its hypotensive and diuretic effects.
Methods: The effect of intravenous administration of Cb.Cr on blood pressure (BP) of normotensive anesthetized rats was studied. In vitro experiments on rabbit isolated aortic and atrial preparations were performed to elucidate the mechanism of action. The diuretic effect was assessed following oral administration of Cb.Cr in rats.
Results: Intravenous administration of Cb.Cr produced 14.70 ± 1.21, 22.00 ± 2.24 and 36.21 ± 2.65 % reduction in mean arterial blood pressure of the rats at doses of 1, 3 and 10 mg/kg, respectively. It was more potent in relaxing potassium (80 mM)- than phenylephrine (1 μM)-induced contractions in isolated aorta of rabbit with half-maximal effective concentration (EC50) values of 0.58 ± 0.03 and 1.58 ± 0.16 mg/mL, respectively, which are similar to verapamil. The extract showed depressant effects on spontaneously beating atrial preparations of rabbit in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, Cb.Cr also increased urine volume and urinary electrolyte excretion in rats.
Conclusion: Crotalaria burhia crude extract exhibits hypotensive and diuretic effects in rats. The hypotensive activity of the extract possibly involves vasodilator, cardio-depressant, calcium channel blocking and diuretic actions.
Keywords: Khip, Crotalaria burhia, Calcium channel blocker, Antihypertensive, Diuretic


In this paper, the Symbol Error Rate (SER) performance for Orthogonal Space- Time Block Coded (OSTBC) Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) systems over Nakagami-m fading channels is analysed. A novel closed-form SER expression is proposed, which incorporates the Gauss hypergeometric function and Appell hypergeometric function into the conventional Probability Density Function (PDF) approach. The proposed exact closed-form SER expression is a generalised solution since it perfectly captures OSTBCOFDM systems' performances when having different antenna configurations that employ various modulation schemes and which experience various fading conditions. Finally, Monte Carlo simulation results are provided to demonstrate the exact match between the simulation results and the proposed analytical expressions.


A chemical process of treating fluoride containing wastewater with the capacity of 25 m3/h in Fushan Color TV Tube Factory as an example is introduced in this paperRegular sampling inspections by city environmental monitoring station during five years running of the plant have demonstrated that the efficiency of fluoride removal is stable, the treated wastewater meets the national discharge standard of F-10 mg/L


The issue of RF safety has recently come to the forefront of both public and regulatory attention. In 1996, the US FCC released its Report and Order 96-326, which specified the acceptable limits for wireless devices and systems, and tightened the requirements for certification and licensing purposes. In 1998, the Industry Canada department responsible for radio licencing initiated development of certification methodology for compliance with non-ionizing radiation specific absorption rate (SAR) limits established by Health Canada in its Safety Code 6. The SAR measuring system developed by APREL Laboratories and selected critical components of the system are discussed here.


The problem with which this study is concerned is to analyze the impact of the local cooperative teacher education centers on teacher education programs at institutions of higher education in Texas. A survey instrument was designed around seven research questions; after the instrument was evaluated by a panel of experts, it was sent to 142 individuals who are involved with the Texas teacher centers, 111 of whom responded.


In the present study we examined the role of thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). Here, we report that TSLP knock‐out (KO) mice display a delayed onset of disease and an attenuated form of EAE. This delayed onset was accompanied by a reduced number of encephalitogenic T helper type 1 (Th1) cells in the central nervous system (CNS) of TSLP KO mice. In addition, CD4+ and CD8+ T cells from CNS of TSLP KO mice show a reduced activation status in comparison to wild‐type mice. It is noteworthy that we could also show that lymph node cells from TSLP KO mice expanded less efficiently and that interleukin (IL)‐6‐, interferon (IFN)‐γ and tumour necrosis factor (TNF)‐α levels were reduced. Furthermore, CD3+ T cells isolated in the preclinical phase from myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein peptide 35–55 (MOG35–55)‐immunized TSLP KO mice showed a reduced response after secondary exposure to MOG35–55, indicating that differentiation of naive T cells into MOG35–55‐specific effector and memory T cells was impaired in KO mice. The addition of recombinant TSLP enhanced T cell proliferation during MOG35–55 restimulation, showing that T cells also respond directly to TSLP. In summary, these data demonstrate that expression of, and immune activation by, TSLP contributes significantly to the immunopathology of EAE.


The East Kolkata Wetlands, a Ramsar Site, nurtures the world's largest wastewater fed aquaculture system. The present study was carried out from September 2016 to May 2017 to study piscine diversity of selected wetlands of East Kolkata. The fish fauna collected from East Kolkata Wetlands (EKW) consisted of 39 species belonging to 9 orders and 19 families, among the families encountered Cyprinidae dominated with 33% followed by Channidae (11%). Fish species were found to be both food and ornamental valued. Maximum fish species found in EKW were carnivores (53%), followed by omnivores (29%) and remaining (18%) were herbivores. Nine exotic species were recorded during the study period. Conservation status of fish species was ascertained as per IUCN Red list.


An overview of nine disused Paleogene regional stages from Belgium is presented. Some of these re- gional chronostratigraphic units were already brought into use in the nineteenth century, but are nowadays considered ill defi ned and of no use in the light of the modern stratigraphic concepts. An overview of their defi nition and history is given, together with the argumentation for the abandonment of each unit and its present status. S e disused chro- nostratigraphic units belong to the Paleocene, Eocene and Oligocene series.


The article is concerned with some theoretical and practical issues of facilitation. The methods of large group facilitation refer to dialogic forms of organization development and focus on improving the group effectiveness. In the article the definition of facilitation from the point of view of process, and also levels of facilitation are dealt with. The article also considers 6 criteria for the description the different models of facilitation: process design, scale of the problem, type of interventions used by facilitators, types of products, types of audiences, the focus impact. The description of the facilitation models, the brief review the facilitation process, the examples of successful projects for the 9 methods of facilitation such as «World Cafe», «Future Search», «Search Conference», «Open Space Technology», «Dynamic facilitation», «Appreciative Inquiry Summit», «Real Time Strategic Change», «Work Out», «Basic Facilitation» are described in the article.


A fixed dose combination gel with adapalene 0.1% and benzoyl peroxide 2.5% has been developed for the once daily treatment of acne vulgaris .This fixed combination was approved by U.S FDA in December 2008. This study was done in the Department of Dermatology, KIMS, Bangalore to assess the efficacy and adverse effects of topical adapalene 0.1%-benzoyl peroxide 2.5% combination gel as compared to topical adapalene 0.1% gel and 2.5% benzoyl peroxide gel (monotherapies) in the treatment of facial acne vulgaris. To the best of our knowledge, this is one of the few studies conducted in India. It was an open label study. Participants received either adapalene 0.1% gel, benzoyl peroxide 2.5% gel or adapalene 0.1% - benzoyl peroxide 2.5% combination gel for 12 weeks. Follow up was done at the end of 1,2,4,8 and 12 weeks. Evaluation included lesion count and adverse events. Participants included males and females aged between 18-38 years with grade 2 or 3 facial acne vulgaris as per investigators global assessment of acne scale. A total of 62 participants were recruited out of which 23 were males and 39 were females.88.71% participants completed the study. The study revealed that combination of adapalene 0.1% and benzoyl peroxide 2.5% gel was more effective in the treatment of facial acne as compared to adapalene 0.1% gel and benzoyl peroxide 2.5% gel (topical) monotherapies. The safety of combination of adapalene 0.1% and benzoyl peroxide 2.5% gel was comparable with adapalene 0.1% gel and benzoyl peroxide 2.5% gel monotherapies.


A novel method is introduced. Simplify Stewart platform by using of group technology. Six legs 6-6 Stewart Platform is transformed into three group legs Stewart platform by way of geometrical knowledge and numerical analysis. Make emulational program of Matlab 6.5 to validate the method of direct kinematics. Velocity and precision of computing are advanced by repeatedly optimizing of method. The method is scientific and novel.


50 Earlier research [1, 2] has established the dependence of antimicrobial and anti-adhesive activities of surface-active substances (surfactants) produced by Acinetobacter calcoaceticus IMV B-7241 on the presence of growth factors and certain microelements in the culture medium. Changing yeast autolysate and microelements mixture in the medium containing ethanol to copper sulfate and iron sulfate was followed by an increase of surfactants production [3], yet their antimicrobial and anti-adhesive activity decreased [1, 2]. We supposed that the phenomenon might be caused by microbial surfactants being secondary metabolites commonly synthesized as a complex of such compounds [4] whose ratio (and therefore, the properties of the final product) may change depending on the different conditions of the producer cultivation. By their chemical nature, surfactants of A. calcoaceticus IМV В-7241 are a complex of neutral, glycoand aminolipids [4]. According to the data from literature [5, 6], aminolipids are more efficient antimicrobial agents than glycolipids, and neutral lipids are characterized by very low antimicrobial activity. Therefore, an increased fraction of aminolipids might be accompanied by a stronger antimicrobial activity of the surfactants. However, today the influence of cultivation conditions on surfactants' UDC 759.873.088.5:661.185 https://doi.org/10.15407/biotech9.06.050


In order to be successful in challenging depth imaging projects the integration of all available data is important. We present the interactive 3D gravity and magnetic modeling tool IGMAS , its integration in the depth imaging workflow in Statoil and case histories from different geological settings.


SUMMARY 1. Clonidine and three α‐adrenoreceptor blocking agents were injected into the cisterna magna of rats, rabbits and dogs. Clonidine (1 μg. kg−1) induced a fall in blood pressure in the three species.


How do CEOs, entrepreneurs, managers, celebrity bloggers, and other brand leaders acquire charismatic authority in the marketplace? Grounded in a multi-perspective, in-depth case study of the charismatic CEO of an Austrian shoe manufacturer, this article introduces a sociocultural mechanism called charismatic entrainment. Charismatic entrainment involves brand leaders staging charismatic authority by promoting polarized worldviews and taking personal risks to demonstrate their ability to lead social change. It further involves consumer-followers publicly validating and consumer-critics challenging brand leaders' claims to charismatic authority, encouraging further entrainment via their support, but also their criticism. Brand leaders, consumer-followers, and consumer-critics draw on social media, marketplace sentiments, and brand manifestations as entrainment resources to more effectively endow brand leaders with charismatic authority in the marketplace. The article contributes a market-based, multi-stakeholder—vs. an organizational, leader-centric—theory of charisma co-creation to the literature on charismatic authority. It also adds to theories of iconic branding, risk consumption, and societal morality plays, sensitizing readers to the constructive but also destructive potential of market-based charisma co-creation.


Localizing targets outside the anchors' convex hull is an understudied but prevalent scenario in vehicle-centric, UAV-based, and self-localization applications. Considering such scenarios, this paper studies the optimal anchor placement problem for Time-of-Arrival (ToA)-based localization schemes such that the worst-case Dilution of Precision (DOP) is minimized. Building on prior results on DOP scaling laws for beyond convex hull ToA-based localization, we propose a novel metric termed the Range-Normalized DOP (RNDOP). We show that the worst-case DOP-optimal anchor placement problem simplifies to a min-max RNDOP-optimal anchor placement problem. Unfortunately, this formulation results in a non-convex and intractable problem under realistic constraints. To overcome this, we propose iterative anchor addition schemes, which result in a tractable albeit non-convex problem. By exploiting the structure arising from the resultant rank-1 update, we devise three heuristic schemes with varying performance-complexity tradeoffs. In addition, we also derive the upper and lower bounds for scenarios where we are placing anchors to optimize the worst-case (a) 3D positioning error and (b) 2D positioning error. We build on these results to design a cohesive iterative algorithmic framework for robust anchor placement and then discuss the computational complexity of the proposed schemes. Using numerical results, we validate the accuracy of our theoretical results. We also present comprehensive Monte-Carlo simulation results to compare the positioning error and execution time performance of each iterative scheme, discuss the tradeoffs, and provide valuable system design insights for beyond convex hull localization scenarios.


VLA images at 6 cm of eight nearby galaxies show extended emission on kpc scales. Optical data reveal that six of the host galaxies are likely to be genuine ellipticals or lenticulars, and two are possibly ellipticals or lenticulars. All eight galaxies have substantial FIR luminosities. One or more gas-rich companions are identified for each of seven galaxies. 45 references.


The resonance fluorescence emitted by a system of two dipole-dipole interacting nearby four-level atoms in a J=1/2{r_reversible}J=1/2 configuration is studied. This setup is the simplest realistic model system which provides a complete description of the (inter-atomic) dipole-dipole interaction for arbitrary orientation of the inter-atomic distance vector, and at the same time allows for intra-atomic spontaneously generated coherences. Our main interest is the interplay of both these different coupling mechanisms. We discuss different methods to analyze the contribution of the various vacuum-induced coupling constants to the total resonance fluorescence spectrum. These allow us to find a dressed state interpretation of the contribution of the different inter-atomic dipole-dipole couplings to the total spectrum. We further study the role of the spontaneously generated coherences, and identify two different contributions to the single-particle vacuum-induced couplings. We show that they have a noticeable impact on the total resonance fluorescence spectrum down to small inter-atomic distances, even though the dipole-dipole coupling constants then are much larger in magnitude than the the single-particle coupling constants. Interestingly, we find that the inter-atomic couplings can induce an effect of the intra-atomic spontaneously generated coherences on the observed spectra which is not present in single-atom systems.


Nowadays the information age has undergone major changes due to changes in the ways of information exchange and dissemination,especially the extensive use of networks and other new types of video and advertising media which involve a lot of non-verbal and interdisciplinary means of disseminating information.Traditional means of language translation have been difficult to adapt to the demand for a new era of communication activities.Intersemiotic translation is a creative translation tool for the integrated treatment of the verbal and non-verbal information.It is goal-oriented,complex,comprehensive and interdisciplinary,obviously a better way to fit the diversified verbal and non-verbal communication and dissemination activities.However,due to various reasons,the domestic intersemiotic translation studies have been at the edge of the field of translation studies and have not yet been under considerable development.This thesis analyzes the collected papers from several angles,trying to provide an overview on following issues: the number of the papers published,research topics,research levels,research features and future research trends,in order to shed some lights on translation studies for future researchers.


Black rice is the main member of the special rice family, and it is also a rare grain and oil crop resource in China. Black rice has special medicinal components and high nutritional value. In recent years, the research on the nutritional value and application of black rice has become an important direction, and a series of important progress has been made. In this paper, the nutrition and its influencing factors of black rice, the main ways to improve eating quality, the health care and medical functions of black rice were reviewed. Meanwhile, the application prospect of black rice has also been prospected. Therefore, this review will provide an important theoretical basis for genetic improvement and breeding of new varieties of black rice.


In a year when financial crisis and EU turmoil have gripped Greece and dominated international press coverage, one might be forgiven for assuming that there would be slow progress in archaeological research and heritage management. It has certainly been a tumultuous year, and heartfelt thanks are due to colleagues, especially those in the Archaeological Service, who have gone the extra mile to deliver their own work and to help others in the face of mounting pressures. In 2014 alone, the Central Archaeological Council dealt with 1,477 cases in 42 sittings, and its 2015 target is set to exceed this. Yet as I take stock of what has been achieved in publication, fieldwork, study and public communication, I am struck by the wealth of new information available and in many forms. Individual finds, continuing research programmes and a number of landmark conferences and exhibitions have contributed to real and significant advances in knowledge. There is much to report, and even more to see on the ground for readers inspired (as we hope) to spend time in Greece.


Highlight: Woody vegetation was assessed on two adjacent areas I year after the occurrence of wildfires. One area was burned slowly by a backfire that moved mostly through the understory, while the other area was burned by a rapidly-moving headfire that reached into all crowns of trees and shrubs. The six woody species studied exhibited some degree of mortality after both fires, with the headfire causing significantly more mortality than the backfire. The tops of all woody plants were killed by both types of fire, except for caldkn, which had considerable new crown growth following the backfire. Significantly greater percentages of plants of all six species were able to sprout following a backfire. Plant ignition and subsequent wood consumption were generally higher when subjected to a headfire tha;~ a backfire. The degree of ignition and wood consumption apparently had a direct effect on the ability of the plant to produce sprouts.


Review(s) of: Critical essays in Australian politics, edited by Graeme Duncan, Edward Arnold, Melbourne, 1978; From Whitlam to Fraser, edited by Allan Patience and Brian Head, Oxford University Press, Melbourne, 1979; Politics and policy in Australia, by Geoffrey Hawker, R.F.I. Smith and Patrick Weller, University of Queensland Press, St Lucia, 1979; Illusions of power, by Michael Sexton, George Allen and Unwin, Sydney, 1979.


The neural network model of the equivalent complex refractive of random rain media is developed by means of the improved BP algorithm, based on the electromagnetic wave propagation theory. The rain attenuation is computed with the complex refractive index obtained from the simulation, which is in good agreement with the measurements, which shows that the neural network approach is an effective and simple way to get the dielectric property of random discrete medium, avoiding complex computation and measurement.


Although Nadia Boulanger's reputation as one of the greatest music teachers of the twentieth century is secure, surprisingly little is known about her approach to teaching and the content of her classes. Nadia Boulanger herself is most to blame for this, as she rarely revealed anything of importance about her life or work to interviewers and always turned down offers to publish her teaching materials. She was always keen to emphasise that the musical work, rather than the performer or a commentator on the music, should be the centre of attention. The aura of mystery that she created only enhanced her reputation, giving her students the impression that they belonged to an elite group. Although one might presume that a teacher of her eminence would have taught only elite students, Boulanger taught a surprisingly varied student body that included those with little previous knowledge of harmony as well as successful students who were promising young composers. The three principal types of student she taught can, in general, be placed into separate categories by virtue of their financial status and their gender. Some of her students were young female amateurs who viewed music as an essential accomplishment for someone of their background; others were men who aimed for a professional career in music, usually as composers or performers. The third principal group – women who sought a career as music teachers – often considered Nadia Boulanger as a role model. My initial assumption was that there would be substantial differences between Boulanger's approaches as a teacher to these three groups of student, since the aims and objectives of the different types of pupil were clearly very varied. While she was, of course, obliged to tailor the content of classes to the abilities of her students, there are several common threads running through her teaching career. In particular, the transmission of a central Western musical culture, based on great composers and the masterpieces they wrote, was fundamental to her outlook. Also, for many of her students, she represented the prestige, civilised qualities and socially desirable aspects of French culture. Boulanger handed down this cultural heritage to students from many different countries and backgrounds.


The reaction of Ni(R2dtc)2 (R Et, Bu) with AsI3 yields a product which could be characterised as Ni(R2dtc)2(AsI3)2. The crystal structure of the compound with R Et [space group P21/C, Z = 2, a = 8.428(1), b = 19.692(2), c = 9.194(1) A, β = 102.24(2)°] revealed that the nickel atom is coordinated by four dithiocarbamato sulfur atoms and two arsenic atoms in pseudo-octahedral geometry. Magnetic susceptibility measurements show these six-coordinated Ni(II) compounds to have a spin singlet ground state.


We review recent results on properties of the N-colored Jones polynomial JK(N) for the torus knot K = Ts,t . We show that the invariant JTs,t (N) at q = exp(2 π i/N) is regarded as the Eichler integral of the modular form with weight 1/2, and that the asymptotic expansion thereof in N → ∞ can be derived from the nearly modular property of the Eichler integral. Discussed also is that the q-hypergeometric function related to the colored Jones polynomial becomes the generating function of the L-function at negative values.


The electron–phonon coupling factor was calculated for both pristine and vacancy-rich 3C-SiC. Ab initio calculations were performed within the framework of the density functional perturbation theory. Wannier functions were used to interpolate eigenvalues into denser grids through the electron–phonon using Wannier code. The coupling factor was determined through calculations of the electron self-energy, electron–phonon relaxation time, and electronic specific heat. These parameters were extrapolated to high temperatures using a hybrid model which mixes band calculations for electrons below an energy cutoff with the free electron gas model for electrons above the energy cutoff. The electron relaxation times, specific heats, electron drift mobilities, and electron–phonon coupling factors were calculated as a function of electron temperature. Si and C vacancies were found to have a profound effect on electron–phonon coupling for all temperatures, while electronic specific heat capacity was found to be most affected at cryogenic temperatures. The electron drift mobility was calculated at different temperatures using the scattering time. Calculated mobilities were validated with Hall mobility measurements reported in the literature. The importance of structural defects on the electron–phonon coupling is discussed in the context of the two-temperature model, a model that has been widely used to understand aspects of the interaction of solids with pulsed laser irradiation and swift heavy ion irradiation.


Translator's note Acknowledgements Abbreviations Part I Introduction to the Question of the Psychoses 1. Introduction to the question of the psychoses 2. The meaning of delusion 3. The Other and psychosis 4. "I've just been to the butcher's" Part II Thematics and Structure of the Psychotic Phenomenon 5. On a god who does not deceive and one who does 6. The psychotic phenomenon and its mechanism 7. THe imaginary dissolution 8. The symbolic sentence 9. On nonsense and the structure of God 10. On the signifier in the real and the bellowing-miracle 11. On the rejection of a primordial signifier Part III On the Signifier and the Signified 12. The hysteric's question 13. The hysteric's question (II)_: ^'What is a woman? 14. The signifier, as such, signifies nothing 15. On primordial signifiers and the lack of one 16. Secretaries to the insane 17. Metaphor and metonymy (I) "His sheaf was neither miserly nor spiteful" 18. Metaphor and metonymy (II) Signifying articulation and transference of the signified 19. An address: Freud in the century Part IV The Environs of the Hole 20. The appeal, the allusion 21. The quilting point 22. "Thou art the one who wilt follow me" 23. The highway and the signifier being a father 24. "Thou art" 25. The phallus and the meteor Bibliography


The nutritional value, extraction and functional characteristics (including selenium protein and bio-active peptides) of tobacco protein and the protein food, functional food, essence and flavor, transgenic protein, medical research ancillary material and plant protectant made from tobacco protein were reviewed. The prospects of tobacco protein development and utilization were discussed also.


For a given monic integral polynomial $f(x)$ of degree $n$, we define local roots $r_i$ of $f(x)$ for a completely decomposable prime $p$ by $r_i \in \mathbb{Z}$, $f(r_i) \equiv 0 \bmod p$ and $0 \le r_1 \le r_2 \le \dots \le r_n < p$. With numerical data, we propose a conjectur on the distribution of $(r_1/p,\dots,r_n/p)$, which is a new kind of equi-distribution, and a conjecture of the distribution of $(r_1,\dots,r_n)$ which satisfies $r_i \equiv R_i \bmod L$ for given natural numbers $L,R_1,\dots,R_n$, which is nothing but Dirichlet's theorem on an arithmetic progression in the case $n = 1$.


Africa's wildlife is in danger. The last couple of years have been disastrous for the African elephant as poaching for ivory reached record numbers. Rhinos have been hit hard with several sub-species becoming extinct. The current anti-poaching and anti-trafficking operations lack the sophistication and determination that is found abundantly within criminal organisations immersed in this illicit trade. Terrorism, rebellious elements and corrupt officials all benefit from the destruction of Africa's eco-system and the inaction or lack of efficient action thereof by law enforcement officials. This commentary suggests new courses of action using methods from the fields of counter-terrorism and special operations.


Like the ghost of Christmas past ethical naturalism keeps returning. I shall try to urge it gently back to its grave. Ethical naturalists have argued that ( 1 ) statements asserting one's approval of some attitude, action or state of affairs are at one and the same time normative and factual, and (2) claims that so and so is good or ought to be done are grounded on these statements of approbation. I shall attack (1) .


Plato's  Gorgias  sets out to discuss the nature and aim of rhetoric. The dialogue was held in high esteem among late ancient Platonists and it resurfaced in Renaissance discussions about ethics. Olympiodorus (6 th century) produced an extensive commentary on the dialogue, emphasising its ethical content. In 1409, Leonardo Bruni (1369-1444) provided the first complete Latin translation of the  Gorgias with preface and annotations. Later in the Renaissance we find direct and indirect commentaries by George of Trebizond (1395-1472/1473) and Marsilio Ficino (1433-1499).I argue that Ficino's translation of, and commentary to, Plato's  Gorgias was a significant, but perhaps also unintended, contribution to the dissemination of ancient sophists in the Italian Renaissance. Ficino's commentary to the  Gorgias defends a legitimate and philosophical use of rhetoric, including the one we find in Plato's own writings. Furthermore, Ficino treats the character Callicles - together with several other sophists in Plato's dialogues - as an enemy of the Platonic-Pythagorean ethical ideal, maintaining that the sophists were wrong. Moreover, he treats ancient sophists as a fairly homogeneous group, unlike some of the ancient sources.


The UKCC ( 1992a ) introduced The Scope of Professional Practice document to replace the Department of Health guidelines ( DoH 1977 ) on extending the role of the nurse. The DoH's original guidance restricted nursing development and was seen as taking over tasks from the medical profession. Nursing practice is continually developing to meet the increasing needs of patients. The Scope of Professional Practice document provided the opportunity for this to happen in a holistic way.


The School Food Environment Review and Support Tool (School-FERST) national study was conducted between 3 March 2016 until 3 September 2016.Data was collected via an online survey and invitation was extended to all schools in New Zealand. The report is a brief snapshot of the preliminary feedback from intermediate schools that participated in the survey.


The water quality situation of Baosteel in recent five years is analyzed and evaluated by charts and mathematical formulas after monitoring data of 1 #?2 #?3 # pump station and waste sediments plots.


The Kansanshi mixed copper sulfide-oxide ore contains significant proportions of fine material manifesting in a variety of processing challenges. This paper presents the work which was carried out to evaluate the efficacy of desliming in improving the flotation response of the ore. Two modes of desliming were investigated, namely; sieving and elutriation after which the deslimed material was subjected to Kansanshi standard laboratory flotation conditions. The minimum copper feed grade for the mixed copper ore was 0.5% Total Copper (TCu). The outcome of this work has shown that desliming improves the flotation response of the Kansanshi mixed copper ore. At a rougher copper concentrate grade of 8%, copper metal recoveries obtained with desliming were in excess of 70% compared to 58% achieved with baseline tests without desliming. It was further observed that desliming resulted in improved flotation rates for the sulfide minerals. For a flotation time of 3 minutes, recoveries of 69% and 74% were obtained with elutriation and sieving respectively compared to 58% recovery for baseline tests. From the same results it was also evident that, of the two modes of desliming investigated, sieving yielded better performance than elutriation.


Aims and Objectives:
 Traumatic knee joint dislocations belong to the most serious injuries of the lower extremity with a high rate of neurovascular injuries, soft tissue injuries and compartment syndromes. The aim of the study was to determine the long-term results of patients with traumatic knee joint dislocations after conservative and operative treatment of the ligaments. In addition, differences between the two therapies were investigated and what kind of incidents and complications occurred.
 Materials and Methods:
 All patients with traumatic knee joint dislocation were included over a time period of 25 years (1990 to 2014). 119 patients with 121 traumatic knee joint dislocations were hospitalized during this time. A conservative treatment of the ligaments was performed in 48 knee joint dislocations (39.7%) and an operative treatment in 73 injuries (60.3%). After an average follow-up of 10.9 ± 6.7 years, 38 patients with 39 knee joint dislocations were examined. Significance was set to p < 0.05.
 Results:
 Patients with operative ligament care showed significantly better flexion compared to patients with conservative treatment of the ligaments (p < 0.033). A median of 76 points (range 34 - 100 points) was achieved in the Lysholm score. 56.2 points (range 45.3 - 71.1 points) were achieved in the SF-36 mental health score and 43.7 points (range 21.2 - 59.6 points) in the SF-36 physical heatlh score. The subjective part of the IKDC 2000 showed a median score of 60.9 points (range 32.1 - 97.7 points). Patients with operative ligament care showed better results in the scores, however, without achieving any significance.Posttraumatic arthrosis was found in 47% of all radiologically-re-examined patients in the Kellgren-Lawrence score.
 Conclusion:
 The long-term results showed a satisfactory knee function with physical limitations in the health-related quality of life. However, a reduced range of motion as well as a posttraumatic osteoarthritis of the affected knee joint often appeared, which was independent of the therapy strategy. Patients with operative ligament care showed better results in the scores without any significane, but achieved a significantly better flexion than patients with conservative treatment of the ligaments.


Complex lithium grease, whose thickener is a complex of aliphatic acid lithium soap and of the lithium salt of a low molecular weight acid, is one of the high dropping point greases. This paper, using pressure saponification process, studies systematically the composition and technology of two component complex lithium grease


Maximum likelihood (ML) and Bayesian inference (BI) analyses of the complete nucleotide sequences of the cytochrome b gene (cytb) were used to examine the phylogenetic position of the rare snake Xenophidion schaeferi within the alethinophidian snakes. The cytochrome b sequence of this representative of the poorly known family Xenophiidae was compared with those of a large and comprehensive suite of alethinophidian taxa. The research presented here represents the first time all families of alethinophidian and caenophidian snakes have been included in a single molecular phylogenetic study. Results from ML and BI analyses suggest a possible sister taxon relationship between Xenophidion schaeferi and the Bolyeridae. Moreover, strong statistical support also indicates that Xenophiidae is a member of a clade that contains Pythonidae, Loxocemidae, Uropeltidae, Xenopeltidae and Bolyeriidae. Additionally, maximum parsimony and BI analyses of previously published morphological data revealed that these anatomical character states and potentially low taxonomic sampling produced little phylogenetic information valuable to understanding the relationship of Xenophiidae among the Alethinophidia.


This paper is based on a sociological study of a Norwegian correctional institution. The study started with the general aim of providing information about staff-inmate relations in a correctional establishment. As it proceeded, it gradually focused on the inmates' defensive reactions to the so-called "pains of imprisonment." The results point to the existence of a mode of reaction different from those so far described in the literature.


Several novel 6,7,8,9-tetrahydro-5H-5-phenyl-2-benzylidine-3-substituted hydrazine thiazolo (2,3-b) quinazoline derivatives were synthesized and evaluated for their anthelmintic activity in a passive avoidance test. Chemical structures of all of the newly synthesized compounds were confirmed by infrared spectroscopy, (1)H-nuclear magnetic resonance, mass spectroscopy, and elemental analyses. Out of 15 compounds, only 6e and 6o had good anthelmintic activity. Experimental data led to the conclusion that the synthesized compounds have anthelmintic activity.


Primary familial brain calcification (PFBC) is a rare inheritable neurodegenerative disease characterized by bilateral calcification in different brain regions and by a range of neuropsychiatric symptoms. Six causative genes of PFBC (SLC20A2, PDGFRB, PDGFB, XPR1, MYORG, and JAM2) have been identified.


The results of a study of professional burnout among employees of a commercial organization are presented in the article. The study involved employees of a pharmaceutical company (N=101) with different experience, higher education, aged 22 to 60 years (SD=8.62), men 21.8%, women 78.2%. Socio-demographic variables (gender, age), characteristics of professional activity (length of service, position, predominant content of work tasks, compliance of responsibilities with education) are not associated with the severity of burnout in this sample. The traits of the "dark triad" "Machiavellianism" and "psychopathy" are significantly higher in the group of more burned-out employees; the indicators on the "narcissism" scale did not show significant differences. Indicators of "proactive overcoming", "reflexive overcoming", and "strategic planning" turned out to be significantly higher in less burned-out employees, and the intensity of psychological defenses did not differ. Proactive coping strategies are associated with burnout in all respondents, psychopathy is associated with burnout in respondents with moderate burnout severity, and personality defense mechanisms are associated with burnout in respondents with high burnout severity. The burnout of the pharmaceutical company employees who took part in this study turned out to be associated with the psychological characteristics of the respondents, and not the characteristics of the organization of their professional activities. In particular, Machiavellianism, psychopathy, proactive coping, and psychological defenses were associated with burnout, and the connections of these psychological characteristics differ among respondents with different burnout severity. The results of the study indicate the expediency of studying the psychological factors of burnout, taking into account the severity and phase of burnout.


This paper is concerned with the robust H ∞  filter design for a class of uncertain singular time‐delayed Markovian jump systems, whose transition rate matrix has elementwise bounded uncertainties. By the LMI approach, a novel bounded real lemma is proposed such that the singular Markovian jump system is robustly exponentially mean‐square admissible with a prescribed H ∞  performance index. Based on this, a sufficient condition for the existence of a robust H ∞  filter is developed in terms of LMIs. Finally, a numerical example is provided to show the effectiveness of the theoretical results. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


Federalism is one of the important aspects which are analysis for the post war countries.  Federalism state is alternative model of government for the past war countries. It can be a good option fortunate to achieve peace, security, prosperity. In fact it is the issue for coexistence and tolerance the minorities entire the states. Federalism is the broadest form of decentralization of power in the political arena and is considered one of the most obvious model democratic states in the world. America's federal system of states that were involved in the Civil war, a reasonable solution and it proved very effective. This system should be explained to the people to fear among the people there retrieve that lost time hallowed place trust it fills the entire national unity and solidarity.


Acidic deposition delivers acids and acidifying compounds to the Earth's surface, which are then transported through soil, vegetation, and surface waters and, in turn, set off a cascade of adverse ecological effects. Acidic deposition has altered forest soil by accelerating the leaching of available base cations, enhancing the accumulation of sulfur and nitrogen, and increasing the concentration of dissolved inorganic aluminum in soil waters. Soils that are compromised by acidic deposition are less able to neutralize additional amounts of acidic deposition, and provide poorer growing conditions for plants. Acidic deposition has impaired the surface water quality by lowering pH, decreasing acid-neutralizing capacity (ANC), and increasing concentrations of dissolved inorganic aluminum. These changes have reduced the species diversity and abundance of aquatic life. Regulatory controls initiated in Europe and North America over the last three decades have decreased emissions of sulfur dioxide and to a lesser extent nitrogen oxides. Emission reductions have resulted in widespread decreases in concentrations of sulfate in surface waters, with some waters showing an increase in ANC. Given the loss of acid-neutralizing base cations and the accumulation of sulfur and nitrogen in soil, many ecosystems have become more sensitive to additional acidic deposition and recovery will likely be delayed. Long-term research shows that deeper emissions cuts will lead to greater and faster recovery from acidic deposition in impacted regions.

Keywords:

acid rain;
acidic deposition;
acidification;
emissions;
nitrate;
sulfate;
watershed


In the study, a syllable-scale synchronization study was carried out by considering the grammatical structure of Turkish to emphasize simultaneously the sound and the text. Therefore, it was aimed to classify the vowels and consonants in Turkish within the word. For this purpose, two different Artificial Neural Network (ANN) models were preferred for this classification, and also the Mel-Frequency Cepstrum Coefficients method was preferred for extracting features of voice data. It has been observed that ANNs give the best results with deep learning. Tests were made with different numbers of coefficients in feature extraction. In the first stage of this study, a certain number of recordings were taken from the vowels and consonants in Turkish. Then, their feature was extracted and prepared for the training of networks. The best network structure and parameters were selected as a result of training and test made with different parameters. In this training, networks were asked to distinguish vowels from consonants. Afterward, the vowel-consonant distinction was made among 10 predetermined vectors of words and phrases. Layer-recurrent Neural Network and Pattern Recognition Network achieved an average success of 97.43% and 98.04%, respectively, in deep learning training carried out through the Mathworks Matlab software. Because Pattern Recognition Network achieved 98.82% success in recognizing vowels and 97.27% in recognizing consonants, this network model was preferred in vowel-consonant classification. After the classification process, timing files were created by determining the transition times of the vowels in the word. In the last step, an interface was created on the C# .NET platform for the synchronization process, and a syllabic algorithm was developed in this interface to emphasize the syllable synchronization of the text. Thus, the desired high precision was achieved in the simultaneous highlighting of the words.


A survey of over 50 crystal structures indicates that both imino acid and peptide derivatives of proline populate ring conformers consistent with the torsional potentials about single bonds. In both cases, lower barriers for rotation about CN bonds relative to those about CC bonds favor smaller values for dihedral angles about the former bonds. In peptides a minimum in the torsional potential about CN bonds occurs at zero dihedral angle, further favoring small angles. The pyrrolidine‐ring dihedral angles of the proline compounds in the solid state obey a cyclopentane‐type pseudorotation function. Thus the puckering of the five‐membered ring can be quantitatively described by two parameters. Consistent with small dihedral angles about CN bonds, Cβ and/or Cγ are puckered out of the mean plane of the ring in nearly all of the nonstrained compounds.


Since the application of the Lagrange relaxation method to the unit commitment scheduling by Muckstadt in 1979, many papers using this method have been published. The greatest advantage of applying the Lagrange relaxation method for the unit commitment problem is that it can relax (ignore) each generator's output dependency caused by the demand–supply balance constraint so that a unit commitment of each generator is determined independently by dynamic programming. However, when we introduce the transmission loss into the demand–supply balance constraint, we cannot decompose the problem into the partial problems in which each generator's unit commitment is determined independently and have to take some measures to obtain an optimal schedule by the Lagrange relaxation method directly. In this paper, we present an algorithm for the unit commitment schedule using the Lagrange relaxation method for the case of taking into account transmission losses. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 152(4): 27–33, 2005; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.20119


Recent reports have indicated a marked impairment of physical function in patients with acute cardiac disease. In addition, further deterioration in physical activity has been found during hospitalization especially in elderly patients, which may be associated with poor outcome after discharge. In this study, we repeatedly measured gait speed (GS) during hospitalization and evaluated the association of change in GS with mortality after discharge. Methods: From January 2015 to October 2017, we enrolled 445 consecutive patients admitted to our hospital with congestive heart failure and undergoing exercise training during hospitalization. Physical examinations, including a 10 m walking test for measuring gait speed, were performed at the beginning of training (1st time point) and before discharge (2nd time point). Clinical parameters and clinical outcome after discharge during the follow-up period were compared between these groups. Results: Eighty-two participants (18%) showed a decline in GS even after training. In the linear regression analysis, age, poor activities of daily living (ADL) before admission, hand grip strength, controlling nutritional status (CONUT) score, tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (TAPSE), change in hand grip strength and change in CONUT score were associated with the change in GS. Kaplan-Meier analysis showed the cumulative risk between groups in allcause admission (log-rank test, p = 0.015) and all-cause death (log-rank test, p = 0.035). Conclusion: Worsening gait speed during hospitalization was associated with poor outcome in patients with acute decompensated heart failure.


Systematic review conclusion Complete fill of peri-implant bony defects using a guided bone regeneration (GBR) protocol does not seem to be a predictable outcome. Critical summary assessment On the basis of the low-quality evidence of this weak systematic review, GBR cannot be recommended over other methods for the treatment of peri-implantitis–induced bone loss. Evidence quality rating Poor.


Kidney stones are a common clinical problem that affects up to 20% of the population. For larger kidney stones a percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) is the first line treatment. The procedure begins with a percutaneus puncture of the kidney to gain an access to intrarenal part of urinary tract, where the stone is located. Needle must reach precisely the targeted spot, passing through retroperitoneal cavity and kidney parenchyma without collision with adjacent organs or larger intrarenal blood vessels. In this paper, an algorithm dedicated for kidney arterial system segmentation is proposed. For validation, its' results were compared with manual segmentations of ten exemplary 3D images providing satisfactory outcomes. The effectiveness and reliability of this algorithm was also demonstrated by incorporating its results into 3D anatomical model prepared as an image-guidance for real PCNL procedure. The description of the proposed algorithm and methodology of the construction of aforementioned model is presented in this paper. It consists of a registration of different phases of CT images together with segmentation of particular structures of interest (kidney, stones, urinary tract, kidney vasculature). The proposed solution allows to obtain 3D patient-specific models in a far more efficient manner than manually or by the use of semiautomated methods giving excellent and reliable visualization of intrarenal structures and by thus can stand clinically useful add in preoperative planning and intraoperative support in minimally invasive urological interventions.


1 Associate Professor, 2 Post-graduate trainees, 3 Professor Department of Surgery, Regional Institute of Medical Sciences, Imphal, Manipur, India Email: email@example.com Corresponding Author Dr Lalsangzuala Tochhawng PG Student, Department of Surgery, Regional Institute of Medical Sciences, Imphal, Manipur, INDIA Abstract Angiosarcoma is a rare malignant tumour of endothelial origin with a poor prognosis; significantly, patients with intestinal angiosarcoma who survive over 1 year after diagnosis are extraordinarily rare. This article describes the case of a 43-year-old patient with HIV infection who presented with abdominal pain of 4 months duration along with swelling in the right upper part of abdomen which had increased in severity 4 weeks prior to presentation. After a complicated diagnostic process, the diagnosis of metastatic liver angiosarcoma was made by history and imaging. We reviewed previous cases of angiosarcoma described in the English literature to determine their risk factors, diagnosis and treatment, and we found that angiosarcoma is extremely rare, especially metastatic liver angiosarcoma. To the best of our knowledge, this may be the first case of primary angiosarcoma of the large intestine with metastasis to the liver reported in the English literature.


We propose a strategy to control directly the orientation of hemin plane via experimental models, Hemin-His model and Hemin-MHN model with ODT. Electrochemical results show that electron communication is largely enhanced when the hemin plane is near to parallel to the electrode surface by histidine ligation in Hemin-His model, while the electron transport of hemin in Hemin-MHN model with ODT becomes relatively difficult.


In this paper, we consider the approximate string matching problem. We give a method to eliminate candidate locations in text T as there can be no substring S starting from those locations such that the edit distance between S and pattern P is smaller than or equal to a specified error bound k . Our method is simple to implement. Experimental results show that our method is effective, especially in the case when we perform natural language searching. For instance, for a DNA type data, when the text is 10000 characters long, patterns are 40 characters long and 3 = k , in average, 73% of locations are eliminated by our method. As for a English text with 4500 characters, for English patterns with 20 characters, in average, 99.9% of locations are eliminated if 1 = k and 73.3% for 6 = k .


Laser Doppler shift velocimetry operating in the fringe mode is widely used to record the velocity history of optically reflective solid objects. When the object is rapidly accelerated, the time resolution of the Fabry-Perot Interferometer (FPI)/streak camera system is frequently inadequate to unambiguously record the data. That is, there is a 'dead time' during which fringes form and expand without producing a resolvable record. To remedy this, we have developed a dual, parallel cavity FPI which produces two sets of fringes at the slit of the recording streak camera. The input mirror of the FPI is a conventional flat while the output mirror is stepped so there are two mirror spacings. The input light is divided by the respective areas of the stepped mirror to form two sets of fringes; a higher quality set of fringes 'A' is used to determine the velocity history while a second set of fringes 'B' is used as a 'referee' to determine the number of fringe jumps during the 'dead time'. Since the two sets of fringes are necessarily interleaved, there is a possibility of fringe overlap, i.e., fringes of set A can spatially overlap fringes of set B. To date, two dual FPI's have been successfully constructed and characterized. The theory of operation, details of construction, and the results are described.


The paper extends the current known tables of Fermat's pseudoprimes to base 3 with the bound of 10. The paper is motivated by works of C. Pomerance (1980), G. E. Pinch (2000), William Galway (2002) and Jan Feitsma (2009) who provided tables of pseudoprimes with base 2 up to 10 (Pinch), 10 (Galway) and 10 (Feitsma).


This paper describes a novel direct modeling approach for speech recognition. We propose a log-linear modeling framework based on using numerous features which each measure some form of consistency between the underlying speech and an entire sequence of hypothesized words. Since the model relates the entire audio signal to a complete hypothesis without necessarily positing any inherent structure, we term this a flat direct model (FDM). In contrast to a conventional hidden Markov model approach, no Markov assumptions are used, and the model is not necessarily sequential. We demonstrate the use of features based on both template-matching distances, and the acoustic detection of multi-phone units which are selected so as to have maximal mutual information with respect to word labels. Further, we solve the key problem of how to define features which can generalize to unseen word sequences. In the proposed model, template-based features improve sentence error rate by 3% absolute over the baseline, while multi-phone-based features improve by 2% absolute.


Wi-Fi is a wireless local area network technology based on the80 2 .1 1 b standard. The Wi- Fimain technology and the superiority ofthe technology are firstly introduced in this article.The Wi- Fi security and on- line mobility are analyzed respectively. At last,the details related to the technology solving the above questions and its research trend are described.


Direct numerical simulations of unsteady turbulent channel flow are performed to study evolution of small-scale vortices in the wall vicinity. In the first stage of those numerical simulations, turbulence decays in the wall vicinity after one of the walls bounding a flow becomes free-slip, and streamwise vortices there almost disappear. In the second stage, the boundary condition is again put back to non-slip wall, and vortices in near-wall region are excited again by the imposed mean shear there. In this second stage, an increase in the skin friction coefficient cf is related to an increase in the number of the vortices in the wall vicinity. Hence, the number of small-scale vortices are detected and traced to be averaged. As a result, it is found that tiny vortices newly generated in the wall vicinity are related to the intense sweep motion attributed to the larger-scale circulating motion away from the wall. However, these vortices are soon attenuated there. The persistent small-scale vortices in the wall vicinity are connected to the vortices away from the wall, and they are shifted downward by an intense inrush motion toward the wall.


We present a case to emphasize that a shortened metacarpal alone cannot be a reliable distinguishing feature between idiopathic hypoparathyroidism and pseudohypoparathyroidism. These data highlight the advisability of using serum PTH levels and the response of urinary cyclic AMP (cAMP) and phosphate excretion to exogenous PTH administration for the precise diagnosis.


The growing field of spintronics relies on new techniques and technologies for injecting and detecting electron spins to generate spin-dependent signals and utilize spin as a new state variable. Magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJs) do this by employing thin oxide layers as insulating barriers between two ferromagnetic metals, but the oxides suffer from defects and material interdiffusion that limit device performance. In this work, we demonstrate that graphene, a material widely studied for its high lateral conductance, functions as a tunnel barrier in the out-of-plane direction. We fabricate graphene-based MTJs and characterize spin and charge transport as a function of bias and temperature from 4 to 425 K. The device behavior fits well with traditional charge and spin-polarized tunneling transport models. This result has implications for development of new, ultra-low power spin-based devices such as magnetic random access memory (MRAM), spin logic, and reconfigurable circuits.


The presence of viscoelastic coatings on pipes causes a practical difficulty for performing a guided wave inspection. This is due to the fact that the coating causes attenuation of the propagating guided wave modes and decreases the signal to noise ratio of the test, sometimes to a level where testing becomes impossible. However, due to the multi-mode character of guided waves, there may be situations where propagation parameters can be chosen to overcome this problem. To explore this possibility, a theoretical model is developed for the two layer elastic/viscoelastic cylinder model. Numerical results are obtained and exhibited as phase velocity and attenuation dispersion curves. Experimental results are used to verify the behavior of the theoretical model. Data is presented using an array of low frequency, piezo-composite transducers positioned radially around the pipe.


Accessible and hidden nature of peer to peer system makes it an ideal forum for traducer to spread malignant content. Managing trust is a problem in peer to peer environment, so a novel trust model is built supported on trust metrics. The trust metrics such as service trust, reputation and recommendation trust are defined to precisely measure trustworthiness of peers. A peer's trustworthiness is evaluated by considering provided services and given recommendations with service and recommendation contexts. An interaction is evaluated based on importance, recentness and three parameters: satisfaction, weight, fading effect, when evaluating recommendation, recommender's trustworthiness and confidence level about the information provided are also considered. Experiments on file sharing application demonstrate that peers with the highest trust value are considered and build the trust model in their contiguity and insulate malignant peers.


— Brazil, a major meat producer and exporter, has the largest commercial herd in the world with about 215 million heads, as Pará is in the 4th position in number of cattle in the country, with 22 million heads. In the country 80% of the farms are beef cattle, having reared in all Brazilian municipalities, mostly calf


Since the establishment of Korea,the human rights situation in Korea has been a gradual transition from repression to a strong guarantee with the change of regime and gradually domestic democracy.Human rights in the legal system in Korea have gradually improved and had systematic development with gradually domestic democracy,mainly in the basic human rights clauses under Korea 1987 Constitution Law,and at the international treaties related to human rights joined by South Korea consolidated and strengthened the protection of human rights,which has been reported to the international organizations about the situation of human rights in South Korea in accordance with the relevant international treaties,and accepted international reviews.However,personal right to appeal in South Korea has not really been implemented.


The Shilin scenery and historical Spots (lately known as the Shilin national park) was founded firstly in 1930s. The development of the Shilin karst landscape resources with local ethnic cultural resources in the Park experienced from as a local sight-seeing place, through an excursion destination servingfor the central city, to the basis of the regional pillar industry of both Shilin Yi autonomous County and Kunming city. An economic system has affected the Shilin tourism industry. The products of the Shilin tourism industry are mainly to host the sight-seeing tourists under the planned system, and the main parts of the Shilin tourism income are from the tourist tickets, which gives out different effects on various levels of the economy in the county. The Shilin tourism economy brings a positive effect on the countylevel economic structure, industrial adjustment, state fiscal levy and governmental revenue. In the last 5 years, the income from the Shilin tourism averagely makes up 9%~11% of annual GDP, 27.9%~33% of the third industryincome, 10.8%~40.1% fiscal levy. However, the development of the Shilin tourism did not produce significant effects on local agriculture, employment of rural citizens and family revenue here compared to effects on the county-level economy, and then the positive effects from the Shi[in tourism reduce with distance increment away from the tourist centre in the Park. The rural citizens who receive economic interests of the Shilin tourism are limited within the villages located at the sight-seeing centre of the Park and only 15% of population of the Park. The percentage of rural citizens working in the third industry in the tourism centre of the Park is 7%~35% higher than in other places. The results from the investigation of working fields of the villagers in the local tourism industry show that the local villagers are not actively involved in the tourism industry, and the common situations for them are that most of them are employed by the administration of the Shilin Park after their farming lands were expropriated, and some become individual operators and some are employed by outside employers who operate tourism enterprises in the Park. Their working fields mainly are in food--beverage service, environmental sanitation,tree planting, making and selling local ethnic arts as well as tourist transportation and tourist guide. It is proposed, that more efforts should be made in developing rural economy by improving the coordination of village infrastructure, agriculture and rural citizens employment with the tourism industry of the Shilin Park.


Components with complex geometries and loading conditions frequently serve under cyclic loadings. This situation makes the evaluation of fatigue life in mechanical parts a fundamental issue. Particularly, for notched geometries and loadings involving plasticity, the cyclic stress and strain fields should be determined using finite elements models. The difficulties are increased since the constitutive equations of material under cyclic plasticity employed in the finite element codes is still an active research field and simplifications must be assumed always. In this paper a comprehensive study of strain-life method for fatigue estimation is presented. In addition, the difficulties found to establish a reliable methodology are enumerated.Copyright © 2012 by ASME


To explore the phytohormone and phenotype responses to waterlogging stress in sesame,tolerant ZZM2541 and susceptible Ezhi 2 were treated with waterlogging for 3h,9h and 15 h at flowering stage. By liquid chromatography- tandem mass spectrometry( LC- MS / MS),the top 3rd leaves and stem tips of these 2 genotypes were investigated for indole acetic acid( IAA) and abscisic acid( ABA) contents at each time point and 20 h after drainage. Phenotype changes were analyzed including shedding leaves and plant heights,and the contents of chlorophyll in the top 3rd leaves before and 72 h after the initial of waterlogging. Results showed endogenous IAA contents in the top 3rd leaves were both increased during the first 9h of waterlogging,and started to decrease after 9h.But the contents were continued to increase in stem tips after 9h of waterlogging. Especially,IAA content in ZZM2541 was always higher than that of Ezhi 2 throughout the stress. The contents of ABA in both genotypes decreased continuously until 15 h of waterlogging and then increased,although they increased more rapidly in the tolerant genotype ZZM2541 and reached about twice of the susceptible one after drainage. Relatively,the plant height and chlorophyll content in the top 3rd leaves( with more leaf abscission) of tolerant ZZM2541 were less affected by waterlogging stress,which could be a protective mechanism. In summary,IAA content at the initial stage of waterlogging( within 9h) and ABA at 20 h after drainage could be used to differentiate the above 2 genotypes.


The broad objective of this research is to identify the root causes of attrition and retention in BPOs, analyzing the level of employee motivation, satisfaction and involvement, generate a model for maximizing sustenance of employees in the organization and come up with concrete recommendations, which will eventually be valuable to the organizations to retain their employees for a long term. 1. Objective


SUMMARY The mechanisms of silybin–phospholipid complex (SIB–PC) and SIB-PC self-nanoemulsion drug delivery system (SIB-PC-SNEDDS) enhancing the oral bioavailability of SIB were studied by using dynamic in vitro digestion model, transport across Caco-2 cells, measurement of cell membrane fluidity and tight junction protein, in situ perfusion and intestinal lymphatic transport experiment. INTRODUCTION Enhanced bioavailability of BCS II to BCS IV drugs by preparing into phospholipid complex (PC) has been demonstrated by pharmacokinetics and activity studies conducted in animals as well as human beings 1 . In order to improve the poor dispersion of phospholipid complex in GI tract, which could limit the release and absorption of the complexed drug, self-nano emulsifying drug delivery system (SNEDDS), have been developed to increase the bioavailability further. However, the mechanisms of the improvement on the absorption and bioavailability of phospholipid complex and SNEDDS still need to be clarified. In this study, flavonolignan silybin, which has been widely used in the treatment and prevention of chronic inflammatory 1iver disorders, was chosen as a model drug. After oral administration, SIB-PC gives plasma levels significantly higher than those found after the administration of silybin or silymarin to rats or to humans 2 . In vitro dynamic lipolysis was investigated to study the digesting process of the formulation. Caco-2 and single pass intestinal perfusion in rats was used to compare the permeability and absorption rate among SIB, SIB-PC and SIB-PC-SNEDDS. Lymphatic transport of SIB-PC and SIB-PC-SNEDDS was measured using an unconscious rat model with three duct-cannulated (jugular vein, mesenteric lymphatics and duodenum). EXPERIMENTAL METHODS Silybin–phospholipid complex (SIB–PC) was prepared. The composition of SNEDDS was optimized with ternary phase diagrams. Complexation efficiency was measured to evaluate the complex formation of SIB-PC. The solubility and the dissolution of silybin in SIB-PC and SIB-PCSNEDDS were measured. The droplet size/distribution and ζ-potential of SNEDDS were determined with Nicomp TM 380 ZLS Zeta Potential/ Particle sizer. An established model with minor adjustments was employed to characterize the in vitro lipolysis of SIBPC and SIB-PC-SNEDDS. The extent of lipolysis was defined as the percentage of triglycerides digested in vitro lipolysis experiments. Transport studies were performed at 37°C on mature Caco-2 cell monolayers from apical to basolateral side and The apparent permeability coefficient was calculated. The effect of SIB-PC and SIB-PC-SNEDDS on membrane fluidity of Caco-2 cells was measured. The effect of SIB-PC and SIB-PC-SNEDDS on the expression of ZO-1 (tight junction protein) was evaluated by western blotting. The in situ single pass perfusion studies were performed. The methods of simultaneous perfusion in two segments were utilized to reduce the number of rats used in the experiment. The absorption rate constant (Ka) and apparent permeability coefficients (Papp) were calculated. The intestinal lymphatic transport studies were performed. The extent of lymphatic transport was calculated using the concentration of drug found in each lymph sample, multiplied by the volume of the lymph produced per hour, and expressed as a cumulative percentage of the dose. Plasma concentrations versus time data for SIB for individual rats were analyzed by standard non-compartment analysis using the computer program DAS2.0. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION The complexation efficiency of phospholipid complex was 98.2% ±3.5%. The average droplet size and zeta potential of SNEDDS dispersed in water was 92.0 ± 5.3 nm and 14.02 ± 7.12 mV, respectively. Fig.1 showed the release profiles of silybin from SIB and SIB-PC in 0.1M HCl and phosphate buffer saline (pH 6.8). It could be concluded that the solubility and release of SIB could be improved significantly by SIBPC. As shown in Fig.2, the lipolysis curves of SIB-PC and phospholipid, SIB-PC-SNEDDS and blank SNEDDS, were quite similar. The result indicated that lipolysis of PC and SNEDDS depended mostly on the property of lipid excipients used in the formulation. As shown in Fig.3, SIB-PC and SIB-PC-SNEDDS noticeably increased the transport of SIB across Caco-2 cells at 37°C at concentrations of 10, 20 and 30 μg/ml. Fig. 1 Cumulative release profiles of SIB-PC and SIB in 0.1M HCl and phosphate buffer saline (pH6.8) Fig. 2 Time dependence of the lipase-mediated digestion for SIB-PC and SNEDDS (n =3) The ratio of Papp BL-AP/Papp AP-BL of SIB was 17.43(P<0.01= . Compared with SIB, the ratio of Papp BL-AP/Papp AP-BL of SIB-PC and SIB-PCSNEDDS decreased significantly, and the effect of Cyclosporin A on the transport was also reduced, suggesting SIB-PC and SIB-PC-SNEDDS could significantly inhibit the efflux of P-gp. Fig. 3 Transport (Papp) of SIB, SIB-PC and SIB-PCSNEDDS in Caco-2 cells(A: 10 μg/ml; B: 20 μg/ml; C: 30 μg/ml). **P<0.01,compared with SIB; ##P< 0.01, compared with SIB-PC By taking the fluorescence anisotropy of DPH, changes in the fluidity of the cell membrane upon exposure to different drugs was assessed (Fig. 8, n=5). The result showed that the SIB-PC significantly increased the membrane fluidity at the hydrophobic core of the bilayer. No significant difference was observed between SIB and SIB-PC-SNEDDS. Caco-2 monolayers were treated with SIB, SIB-PC or SIB-PCSNEDDS for 2 h, and then the amount of ZO-1 was detected using western-blotting. After treatment with SIB-PCSNEDDS, ZO-1 was lower than that of control, which indicated that SIB-PCSNEDDS might lead to loss of tight junction integrity of Caco-2 cell monolayers. The absorption characteristics of SIB, SIB-PC and SIB-PC-SNEDDS in four different intestinal segments (duodenum, jejunum, ileum and colon) were studied. SIB-PC-SNEDDS and SIB-PC presented higher Ka and Papp values than SIB (P < 0.01) in all the intestinal segments, and SIB-PC-SNEDDS>SIB-PC in jejunum, ileum and colon (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). The extent of lymphatic transport of SIB was determined after intraduodenal administration. Fig.4 compared the cumulative SIB amount of lymphatic transport versus time for the three formulations. The extent of transport after 8 h was SIB-PC-SNEDDS > SIB-PC > SIB (P < 0.05 = . The concentration of portally absorbed SIB as a function of time following intraduodenal administration of SIB, SIB-PC and SIBPC-SNEDDS was illustrated in Fig 5. The relative bioavailability SIB-PC and SIB-PC-SNEDDS was 1265.9% and 1802.5%, respectively. CONCLUSION Phospholipid complex and its SNEDDS significantly improve the hydrophilicity and dissolution of SIB, and the drug in precipitation during digesting could keep a high energy amorphous form, which might display better dissolution and absorption. The possible reasons for phospholipid complex promoting the intestinal absorption include the inhibition of P-gp efflux, improvement of membrane fluidity and lymphatic absorption. For PC-SNEDDS, the mechanisms include the inhibition of P-gp efflux, open of cell tight junctions and enhancement lymphatic absorption. REFERENCES 1. X. Yanyu, S. Yunmei, C. Zhipeng and P. Qineng, International journal of pharmaceutics, 2006, 307, 77-82. 2. N. Barzaghi, F. Crema, G. Gatti, G. Pifferi and E. Perucca, European journal of drug metabolism and pharmacokinetics, 1990, 15, 333-338 3. G. A. Edwards, C. J. Porter, S. M. Caliph, S. M. Khoo and W. N. Charman, Advanced drug delivery reviews, 2001, 50, 45-60. Fig. 4 The cumulative transport of SIB in mesenteric lymph following duodenal administration to rats (n = 3) Fig. 5 Mean plasma concentration versus time profiles of SIB following duodenal administration to


To the Editor:

We read with interest the recent article by Bonevski and colleagues1 calling for targeting of tobacco cessation interventions to high‐risk populations, including prisoners. People who cycle through prisons in Australia smoke tobacco at a rate five times that of the general population,2 and suffer disproportionately from smoking‐related morbidity and mortality.3 However, the suggestion by Bonevski and colleagues1 that smoke‐free policies in prisons "impact on reducing smoking" is unfortunately a case of misplaced optimism: although these policies reduce smoking in prisons, they have almost no effect on long term smoking behaviour in people who cycle through prisons. Research in the United States shows that about 60% of people released from smoke‐free prisons resume smoking on the day of release,4 and 97% relapse within 6 months of release.5 Preliminary findings from a cross‐sectional survey we have conducted with 114 ex‐smokers released from smoke‐free prisons in Queensland paint a similar picture, with 72% of participants reporting relapse on the day of release.


Apple scab caused by Venturia inaequalis, is an important disease, spread worldwide, having a major negative impact in apple production. In this study, there were analyzed four apple cultivars (Liberty, Florina, Starkrimson, Golden Spur), used as genitors in a diallel cross, and their seedlings. In the field, plants selection was done after presence or absence of the scab on leaves, and afterwards, phenotipically selection was completed by marker assisted selection. The molecular analysis conducted with the markers AL-07, AM-19 and U1400, detects the presence of the Vf gene, introgressed from Malus floribunda 821, which confers resistance to the pathogen, in the parental cultivars Liberty and Florina, and in all the F1 hybrids belonging these two genitors. Starkrimson and Golden Spur were susceptible scab parents with recessive homozygous genotype (vfvf), while Liberty and Florina were identified as heterozygous scab resistant parents with genotype (Vfvf). From the 60 apple seedlings analyzed, grouped in six combinations after their genitors (in each combinations were selected ten hybrids, among them five resistant and five susceptible to apple scab attack) 28 were resistant and heterozygous for Vf gene (Vfvf) and 32 were susceptible to scab with recessive homozygous genotypes (vfvf), being obtained almost Mendelian ratio for response to the pathogen, 50% resistant: 50% susceptible. Seedlings belonging to Starkrimson x Golden Spur were only recessive homozygous genotype (vfvf), and in combination resistant x resistant (Liberty x Florina) were identified susceptible and resistant offspring, but at last, only with heterozygous for Vf gene (Vfvf) and no one with dominant homozygous genotypes (VfVf).


Large spectrum antibiotics used in different cow diseases leads to their release in milk altering its proprieties during processing. Knowing the inhibitory effect of antibiotics upon lactic bacteria development and multiplying we followed the effect of gentamycin, a large spectrum antibiotic added in different doses in milk used for yogurth processing. In our research, besides the effect of antibiotica we followed also the influence of milk fat content upon milk clotting time, while antibiotics added in milk incease the clotting time of yogurth. Clotting density deceases proportional with the dosis of antibiotics added to milk.


Breast cancer tumors have inherently heterogeneous cell types that respond differently to treatments. Although there is a wealth of studies describing canonical cell signaling networks, little is known about how these networks operate in different cancer cells and treatments. This paper proposes a method to split a set of responses gathered from experiments on different cancer cells up into common and specific components. The key to this retrieval is the derivation of a linear time-varying model of the shared dynamics among the different cell lines. A convex optimization problem is derived that retrieves both the model and the common and specific responses without a priori information. The method is tested on synthetic data, and verifies known facts when tested on a biological data set with protein expression data from breast cancer experiments. The technique can be used to analyze specific responses to understand what treatments can be combined to persistently treat a heterogeneous cancer tumor. The linear time-varying model sheds light on how proteins interact over time.


The subject of this study is a neonatal ventilatory support system marketed as The Infant Flow System/sup TM/ by E.M.E. (Electro Medical Equipment) Ltd. in Brighton, England. The work described was carried out as a final year project during a three year mechanical engineering degree course at The University of Sussex. The Infant Flow System consists of two major components: the Infant Flow Driver and the Infant Flow Generator. For the purposes of this study, focus was on the latter. The NCPAP Generator applies a continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) to the patient airway via the nose. This type of ventilatory support assists the inspiratory process and prevents alveolar collapse during expiration. Preterm infants suffering from a variety of respiratory disorders including respiratory distress syndrome, pulmonary oedema, airway closure diseases, paralysis of the diaphragm and tracheomalacia, have been successfully treated with the device.


© 2019 Indian Journal of Dental Research | Published by Wolters Kluwer ‐ Medknow The proposal to ban the electronic cigarettes or electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) has been gaining momentum and, recently, the union Government of India is planning a Pan‐India ban, first by an executive order in September 2019 and later at the Indian Parliament in December 2019. The bill seeks to prohibit the production, trade, transport, storage, and advertisement of any forms of the ENDS in India but has not commented or regulated on the use of the ENDS. Under the act, the first time offenders could be punished with a year's imprisonment and a fine of Rs. 1,00,000 that increases to three years' imprisonment and a Rs. 5,00,000 fine for repeat offence. The government believes that over the time, the ENDS refill would not be legally available, controlling the epidemic of ENDS use, particularly among the Indian youth and adolescences.[1]


The physiology of Streptococcus thermophilus is strongly dedicated to utilization of lactose. It was unknown whether the enzymes LacS and LacZ, responsible for the first two steps in lactose metabolism, namely lactose uptake and hydrolysis, respectively, did interact and thereby contributed to the highly efficient metabolism of lactose. The structural and functional association between LacS and LacZ was probed by BlueNative gel electrophoresis and transport assays. Whereas the Blue-Native gel electrophoresis data were not conclusive, in vitro analysis of lactose transport points to the absence of a structural interaction between LacS and LacZ. However, by the production of a high affinity countersubstrate (i.e., galactose), the sole presence of LacZ was sufficient to accelerate the LacS-mediated lactose efflux from proteoliposomes.


Studying in a foreign country is a big challenge for many international students. They face many difficulties in adapting to an unfamiliar situation. Under such circumstances, they need good resilience to overcome and bounce back from these difficulties. This study aims to explore (i) the problems encountered by international Burmese female students while studying abroad and (ii) the factors contributing to their resilience to continue pursuing their graduate degrees. Four Burmese female students studying at one university in China were purposely chosen and interviewed for this study. Findings showed that they mostly encountered language and academic problems and psychological distress at the beginning of their studies, but they adjusted well and were able to overcome these problems. Moreover, both internal (e.g., optimism and self-confidence) and external factors (e.g., social support and religious practices) were important in the development of their resilience to survive in a foreign country and continue pursuing their graduate studies.


A NASICON-type compound, Li2Ni2(MoO4)3 was successfully synthesized via a combustion method. The assynthesized Li2Ni2(MoO4)3 is fiber-like grains with an average length of 1–2 mm. As an electrode for pseudocapacitors, in 2 M LiOH, its specific capacitance reached 1137 F g 1 and 717 F g 1 at current density of 1 A g 1 and 20 A g 1 respectively, exhibiting 63% capacity retention. Moreover, in asymmetric supercapacitors with an activated carbon electrode as the negative electrode, the energy density of 36.5 W h kg 1 was obtained at the average power density of 420 W kg . The fabricated asymmetric supercapacitor also exhibited good electrochemical stability, specifically, the specific capacitance was retained at 68% of the initial value even after 10 000 cycles at 2 A g . These observations suggest that the prepared Li2Ni2(MoO4)3 is a prospective candidate for high-performance supercapacitors.


Sulphur compounds in fuel cause major environmental pollution. Hence, the desulphurization of fuel has become a tremendous concern. Aside from the standard hydrodesulphurization method, many new processes have gained attention. Our present work discusses varied non-conventional desulphurization techniques likeaerobic desulphurization, adsorbent desulphurization, membrane desulphurization, extractive desulphurization, etc. These strategies in conjunction with their pros and cons are mentioned well.


Abstract Estimating a dynamic model of a servo actuator often has to be done on the basis of noisy closed-loop experiments in which feedback is controlling the servo actuator. The presence of feedback complicates the estimation procedure due to strong correlation of control signals with disturbances present on the servo system. This paper shows how information on the feedback controller can be used to equalize the effects of disturbances on the control signals and estimate low order models of the actuator dynamics. The approach uniquely relies on a fractional representation of the feedback controller and a coupled least squares optimization problem to estimate an actuator model. Motion control experiments of a servo actuator in a Linear Tape Open drive operating under feedback will be used to illustrate the effectiveness of the procedure and will show the possibility to estimate low order servo actuator models.


This work provides an introduction to the art and science of tea. It explores the ways in which this ancient, traditional and highly formalized ritual has been adapted to function within a modern cosmopolitan society.


It is shown that micrographic study of the dissolution of Sr-rich precipitates in heterogeneous Sr-U alloys can lead to a simple, precise method of determination of the diffusion coefficient of Sr in U. (tr-auth)


Economists are generally of the view that if output cannot be increased to meet the increased demand for goods and services arising from the increased nominal stock of money, a pressure on price will be exerted. Most economists argue that inflation is strictly a monetary phenomenon as inflation rate rises due to high growth rate of money supply in the economy. Tekin-Koru and Özmen (2003) stated that budget deficits are inflationary in the monetarist framework only to the extent that they are monetized. This argument on inflation centered on money supply as the major cause. Other arguments view causation as running from inflation to money supply (Sargent and Wallace, 1973). While Kilindo (1997) noted the response of money supply to inflation through fiscal operation. According to Chimobi and Igwe, (2010), the Central Banks can eliminate the interrelationship between budget deficits and inflation by not monetizing the deficit. For instance, by not buying the bonds issued by governments. The development of a budget deficit is often traced to the Keynesian theory inspired by expenditure-led growth. Most economies adopted the Keynesian framework which motivated demand side of the economy geared towards stimulating growth. However, its consequences on macroeconomic variables cannot be underestimated in most countries of the world, Nigeria inclusive (Olomola and Olagunju, 2004). In the monetarist Abstract: The interrelationship between budget deficit, money supply and inflation have continued to generate a lot of debate among scholars on the direction of causality. This study investigates the relationship between budget deficit, inflation and money supply growth in Nigeria from 1970 to 2014; using Vector Auto regression (VAR) specification and Johansen cointegration test procedure. The standard deviation show that the highest standard deviation of (79429.43) is recorded by the DEFICIT while the least standard deviation of (15.67525) is recorded by INF. The skewness statistics from the result reveals that DEFICIT is negatively skewed while the rest of the variables are positively skewed. The correlation result shows INF has positive sign while M1GROWTH has a negative sign. The response of DEFICIT to M1GROWTH indicates a negative shock with no significant effect and continued with the sign to positive shock at later horizon. The response of the DEFICIT to INF shock shows a decreasing response in the initial stage but with a positive sign at a later horizon. The shock to M1GROWTH and INF decreases from the beginning to later time horizon. From the above findings, it is recommended that the Nigeria government during this economic recession should embark on deficit financing of capital projects to stimulate massive increase in productivity and employment opportunities. In the long run, the Nigeria government should highly reduce the deficit financing and manage the gains from the increased productivity to finance most of the capital projects though fiscal policies, especially, taxes. In conclusion, budget deficit financing of capital projects does not cause either inflation or excessive money supply in the economy in the short run except in the long run if not managed well. Consequently, deficit financing of capital projects at this period of economic recession will result in economic growth and reduce inflation in Nigeria.


To study the ignition characteristics of aluminium-magnesium fuel-rich propellant,many groups of ignition experiments were carried out under various laser heat flux by using a laser ignition system.The results show that the ignition mechanism of aluminium-magnesium fuel-rich propellant is condensed-phase ignition,and laser heat flux density plays a leading role in the ignition process.When the laser heat flux density is in the range of 176~646 W/cm2,the ignition delay time of aluminium-magnesium fuel-rich propellant increases with the increase of heat flux density,and the ignition delay time changes slowly under high heat flux density.The calculation formula of aluminum-magnesium fuel-rich propellant ignition delay time under various laser heat flux density was given according to experimental results.Under laser heat flux density in the range of 176~646 W/cm2,the ignition delay time of aluminium-magnesium fuel-rich propellant can be calculated by the formula.


The intensity of precipitation extremes is expected to increase as the climate warms and it may cause floods and increase erosion. From the Clausius-Clapeyron relation (CC) it follows that the maximum moisture content of the atmosphere increases by approximately 7% per degree as temperature rises. However, the increases in observed hourly precipitation extremes of approximately two times the CC relation were described recently. This super CC scaling is attributed to the increased prevalence of convective rainfall and decreased prevalence of stratiform rainfall as temperatures increase. We carried out the disaggregation of precipitation into prevailing stratiform and convective component on the observational data from the Czech Republic for 1966–2006. Then, we analyzed trends in characteristics of disaggregated events and assessed correlation of precipitation intensities with daily mean temperature. The results suggest the increasing trend of convective precipitation in summer. The scaling for total rain events is steeper than for the events with prevailing convective component and for the events with prevailing stratiform component. It is a result of mixing of the two storm types. At higher temperature the events with prevailing convective component prevail and vice versa.


Resonances observed in the 12C + 12C collisions are studied by the molecular model. Firstly, normal-modes analysis made around the equilibrium equator-equator touching configuration gives a basic insight into dynamics of the system. The quantum numbers of the states also indicate rotational motions of the constituent 12C nuclei, which relate the normal modes to the corresponding inelastic 12C + 12C channels. Next, low-lying 11 states are taken up as bases, and Coriolis coupling has been diagonalized. Many excited states are obtained with intermediate widths, which is just in accord with the experimental observation. For example, the second and third excited states have characteristic feature as low-lying mutual 2+ excitation with the spin vectors of 12C nuclei along the molecular z′-axis. Those states appear very close to the molecular ground state with the higher spin of ΔJ = 2, to form a bunch. Resultant excitation functions are surprisingly in good agreement with the experiments, which lights up a new physical picture of molecular structures of the high-spin 12C + 12C resonances.


Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, D-14195 Berlin, Germany~Received 14 July 1998!Adsorbates with attractive lateral interactions between molecules in the presence of adsorption and thermaldesorption are considered. We show that a sufficiently strong nonequilibrium reaction or the process ofphotoinduced desorption can destabilize uniform stationary phases of the adsorbates and lead to nonequilib-rium microstructures whose wavelength is typically shorter than the diffusion length and may hence be on themicrometer to nanometer scale. Despite their small sizes, such microstructures are not destroyed by internalstatistical fluctuations. @S1063-651X~98!03511-9#PACS number~s!: 82.20.Mj, 47.54.1r, 68.10.Jy, 82.65.JvI. INTRODUCTION


Why did the two great revolutions of the Caribbean, Haiti and Cuba, were condemned to ostracism by its contemporaries and are presented as bad examples rather than exemplary events? These and other related questions are answered examining three arguments: revolution as a critical transition event, economic sustainability as a central challenge for revolu- tions, and revolution versus the ontology of the Caribbean as a subordinate region.


On the one hand, the importance of flexibility and adaptiveness in the design and management of human activity systems to deal with complexity is stressed. On the other hand, existing frameworks of procedures, practices and rules often require strict planning, design and implementation. This raises the question how flexibility and adaptiveness comply with these existing frameworks to arrive at effective and efficient project realization. A grounded analysis of the Dutch infrastructure project A2 Passageway Maastricht, instigated by the question how the influence of the management system on the provisional outcomes of the project can be explained, found that it involves system synchronization: combined system fragmentation and integration.


H.264/AVC quickly gains ground in many aspects of video applications, due to its superior coding performance. Inserting a company logo into H.264/AVC compressed video streams has been a highly desirable application in the TV telecasting industry. In this paper, we propose a novel and efficient logo-insertion scheme for H.264/AVC compressed videos. Our proposed scheme overcomes the numerous coding dependencies, and minimizes the changes to the original compressed videos. Experimental results show that our proposed transcoding scheme achieves extraordinary video quality and significantly reduces the bit rate and computational cost. Compared with the cascaded transcoding scheme, our proposed logo-insertion method achieves an average of 1.16 dB PSNR increase, or a 68.6% bit-rate reduction. Our scheme also dramatically reduces the total transcoding time and the motion-estimation time by at least 67.2% and 97.4%, respectively.