This paper completes the foundations of neatly integrable normal distribution theory on manifolds with boundary. Normal distributions are those which contain vectors transverse to the boundary along its entirety. The theory is observed to be entirely analogous with the theory of integrable distributions on manifolds due to Stefan and Sussmann. The main result is a one-to-one correspondence between so-called neatly integrable normal distributions and neat foliations by manifolds with boundary. Neat foliations are allowed to have non-constant dimension and the leaves have boundary contained in the ambient boundary. The leaves satisfy a characteristic property formally identical to that of weakly embedded submanifolds except in the category of manifolds with boundary.


Six Sigma Tool Strings * Six Sigma Basics: Techniques and Considerations * Six Sigma Tools: Tool-Strings Examples * 222 Tools in Flowchart Cross-Reference * 65 Tool-Strings Flowchart Examples Tool Navigator * 222 Tools for Improvement Activities Appendix - Statistical Tables Cross-Reference Index Process Category Index


These encyclopedic entries belong to the first - and, so far, not numerous - accounts in which Lem is acknowledged as a philosopher and not only as a science-fiction writer.


The historical present is an accumulation of the past that has made it possible. To make reference to such accumulation is precisely what one means by "to narrate." Both, Ortega y  Gasset and Ricoeur, spoke of "narrative reason", which for the former means "historical reason".  But according to the author, historical reason does not express all that man is, so he appeals to a sensitized intelligence for understanding not only the historical being through an inventive  organization of events, but also the ontological foundation of man.


The fluorescence (FL)"off-on" switching of designed DNA duplex stabilized silver nanoclusters can be accomplished through the control of DNA strand exchange reaction. The successful sequential control of the FL emission of silver nanoclusters in "off-on" switching cycles confirms that the DNA duplex stabilized silver nanoclusters can work as a new kind of DNA FL switch.


Due to the morphemic nature of the Chinese script, phonetics deserves particular attention. Benjamin Elman in his study on the civil examination system assumed that Beijing Mandarin provided the sole phonetic standard for both the examinations and official communication during the Qing dynasty. Elman's statement contains two different propositions: (1) the standard pronunciation of the classical language was based upon the Mandarin dialect of the court and (2) the Beijing dialect was the standard language of (oral) official communication. This chapter discusses three alternative propositions: (1) The correct reading pronunciations of the classical language were based upon Song dynasty rhyme standards and codified in imperially commissioned dictionaries. (2) The same dictionaries also provided codification for the official lingua franca called "Mandarin". (3) In linguistic practise, the Beijing dialect emerged as a serious competitor to a southern form of Mandarin since the Qing Qianlong era during the 18th century.Keywords:Beijing dialect; Benjamin Elman; Chinese script; classical language; Mandarin dialect; official lingua franca; phonetics; Qing dynasty; Song dynasty rhyme standards


The invention provides a diffusion agent composition that, even when coated on a semiconductor substrate in a nano-scale thickness, allows an impurity diffusion component to be well diffused into the semiconductor substrate. The diffusion agent composition includes an impurity diffusion component and a silicon compound represented by R[4-n]Si(NCO)[n] in which R represents a hydrocarbon group and n is an integer of 3 or 4, the silicon compound is capable of being hydrolyzed to produce a silanol group, and the water content of the diffusion agent composition is not more than 0.05% by mass.


The rate of intracellular diffusion of water, urea, and glycerol was measured in the giant barnacle Balanus nubilus. The calculated diffusion coefficients were not different from those values reported for dilute solutions.


Abstract We have developed a solid‐phase microextraction procedure for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. A simplex experimental design was employed to optimize the process. A polydimethylsiloxane/divinylbenzene fiber was selected. The optimum conditions were: an extraction step in the immersion mode, over a period of 60 min at 70°C using high‐speed stirring, and an 8 min desorption step using acetonitrile (90 µl). Linear relationships were obtained for all compounds, except for naphthalene. Our method showed a good precision and accuracy with a detection limit between 0.005 and 0.306 µg l−1. Our method was used to detect PAHs in real water samples.


Six of the more easily accessible forms of phenobarbital (Pbtl-I, II, III, IV, V, VI) were characterized by a variety of analytical methods (thermal analysis, solution calorimetry, X-ray diffraction methods, infrared, Raman and solid-state NMR spectroscopy), in order to get a clear picture of this complex polymorphic system and to eliminate severe inconsistencies in the existing data. On the basis of the thermochemical data and stability studies, we were able to clarify the thermodynamic relationships of the six forms with the aid of a semi-schematic energy/temperature diagram. The order of the thermodynamic stability at 20 °C was established as I > II > III > IV > V/VI, but forms I and II are energetically almost indistinguishable. This study provides a comprehensive description about the production, identification, and transformation pathways of the six polymorphs and discusses the structural origins for some of the unique solid-state phenomena of this important drug compound.


Focusing method and the focusing device and the hollow fiber bundle of Itotabatai that can reliably cut the aggregate fiber bundle while realizing space saving in the longitudinal direction necessary for bristles cut body to cut the aggregate fiber bundle to provide a manufacturing method and manufacturing apparatus. Itotabatai a plurality of continuous yarns Ba aggregate is allowed collective fiber bundle Bb longitudinal direction W will successively cut into bristles cutting member Bc while conveying the successively collected the fiber bundle cutting member Bc cut Itotabatai Bd focusing method and focusing device 100 for bundling the Bd is a collection fiber bundle Bb which moves in the first direction X1 is held at the first holding position P1, a first holding position P1 is in the second holding position P2 was retained after separated from the retaining operative position R1 in the second holding position P2, was held in the third holding position P3 on the upstream side of the second holding position P2, the second holding position P2 third holding position P3 cut between the third holding position P3 as the first holding position P1, repeating these series of operations.


The paper presents the findings of research into the development of shopping satisfaction of older people. I have concluded that there are still segments of elderly consumers, and neglected areas of dissatisfaction, which cannot be ignored. Seniors have been traditionally viewed as making up an unattractive market due to the perception that they have low income and spending power and are frail. However, this perception is shortsighted, because not only is this market constantly growing, but also new pensioners with higher income and pensions will move into the segment Lesakova 2013 . There are a number of factors that differentiate the elderly population from other age groups, and justify studying it. These factors depend on changes in health and psychographic characteristics which result in particular shopping and interior store needs Sandor 1994 . Within the existing literature there is agreement that lower prices, attitudes among service staff, avoiding long queues at check-out points and product accessibility on the shelves are particularly important to senior shoppers. They also consider it important that shopping places be clean and easily accessible Moschis 2003, Moschis et al. 2004 . In the following sections the factors influencing seniors' satisfaction with food stores are presented, based on the results of empirical research.


Received: Revised: Accepted: Published online: June 24, 2018 July 06, 2018 July 07, 2018 September 04, 2018 West Nile virus (WNV) is an important arthropod-borne pathogen and a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in human and animal populations in many parts of the world. The presence of WNV in Turkey has been reported in various studies during the last 15 years. In this study, 1500 horse serum samples collected from Ardahan Province in Northeastern Turkey were screened by using a virus neutralization test against WNV and then positives were confirmed by a plaque reduction test-90 (PRNT90). The overall seropositivity was 0.13% (2/1500), with neutralizing antibody titers determined to be 1/40 and 1/80. These findings suggest that some of horses in Ardahan had been exposed to WNV and also indicates the evidence of WNV circulation in the Northeastern Turkey. ©2018 PVJ. All rights reserved


A combined service and spring brake cylinder for commercial vehicles is characterized in that the service brake cylinder has a electromagnetically actuated Bramsaktor through which a brake pad against a brake body to be braked can be pressed.


This work provides more than 480 contemporary woodcuts and engravings illustrating the printing presses of the 19th century, often taken from manufacturer's catalogues and advertisements. A final chapter contains illustrations of supplementary printing equipment of the period. The presses include the One Dollar Printing Press - "for the boys who simply wish to print cards", the Union Rotary Press - "powerful and rapid, yet readily understood and run even by a lad of ten", and Geo W. Hunt's Superior Job Printing Press, whose "automatic brayer and ink throw-off are in themselves a sufficient recommendation to ensure its popularity amongst intelligent printers". The illustrations and descriptions illuminate the advances in print technology over the century, and together form a comprehensive resource for any print or publishing historian, or collector of industrial equipment.


The steroids elaborated by the adrenal cortex are known to affect measurably the electrolyte structure of the body. Hyperadrenocorticism produced either from an exogenous or an endogenous source results in expansion of the extracellular fluid and sodium, depletion of intracellular potassium and phosphate, and frequently an extracellular alka1osis.I' 1718, 21, 30 , 313 Hypoadrenocorticism, if severe, may be accompanied by extracellular alterations which are the opposite of those resulting from excessive amounts of adrenal steroid. The changes that have been observed consist of extracellular dehydration, acidosis, hyperkalemia, hyperphosphatemia and hyponatremia.2.13, 15. 1 7 3 22. 2 5 26. 3 3 38* 39 The pathogenesis of these changes has been extensively studied' 9 * l3 9 9 21 * 22 25


This paper presents the DFE-Fuzzy-LMS and DFE-Fuzzy-RLS algorithms for equalization of power line channels (PLC) and for the improvement on the data transmission rates. Both proposals are DFE (decision feedback equalizer) versions of the adaptative singleton type 1 fuzzy algorithms initially proposed by J.M. Mendel. One of the most important characteristics of the proposals are their inherent capability to equalizer minimum, non-minimum and maximum phase channels and deal with higher power impulsive noises. The impulsive noise is one of the major problems concerning PLC channels. The Fuzzy-DFE-LMS technique applied to minimize both influences of the intersymbol interferences and impulsive noises shows better results than the traditional adaptive and previous fuzzy equalizers when the OFDM is employed as a multicarrier transmission technique.


Three kinds of novel planar chiral azobenzenophane derivatives for controlling the helical structures of cholesteric liquid crystals were synthesized and found to exhibit excellent chiroptical properties in both chloroform and liquid crystal media. The results of doping experiments showed that all the chiral switches possess high helical twisting power (HTP) values in nematic liquid crystal hosts (>80 μm−1) so that they can effectively transfer the chirality to the host LC medium resulting in a helical supramolecular structure even at very low doping concentrations (<1.0 wt%). In addition, the dependency of function-structure on various cyclic azobenzenophane scaffolds and flexible chains was also discussed in detail. The results show that the introduction of ordered segments and flexible long alkyloxy chains in the dopants can increase the cholesteric induction ability of dopants effectively. And the screw direction of the formed chiral nematic liquid crystal was dependent upon the planar chiral configuration of the molecular switch. Moreover, in this mixed system, reversible tuning between orange and green reflection colors were achieved upon irradiation with alternating UV/Vis light.


1. Introduction.- 1.1 What is biophysics.- 1.2 The fundamental principles of biology.- 2. Biological structures.- 2.1 The structures of life.- 2.2 The morphology of cells.- 2.3 The biological macromolecules.- 2.4 Membranes.- 2.5 Cell evolution.- 3. Physical principles and methods in biology.- 3.1 The electronic structure of atoms.- 3.2 The structure of molecules and molecular complexes.- 3.3 Absorption and emission spectroscopy.- 3.4 Infrared and Raman spectroscopy.- 3.5 Magnetic resonances.- 3.6 Size and shape of biological macromolecules.- 3.7 X-ray crystal structure analysis.- 4. Structure and function of proteins and nucleic acids.- 4.1 The structure of proteins.- 4.2 Enzymes.- 4.3 Recognition proteins.- 4.4 The genetic systyem.- 4.5 Regulation and control.- 4.6 Recombinant DNA.- 5. Biological energy conversion.- 5.1 The biological energy flow.- 5.2 Adenosine triphosphate in coupled reactions pyridine nucleotides.- 5.3 Fermentation and glycolysis.- 5.4 The citric acid cycle.- 5.5 Respiration.- 6. Photosynthesis.- 6.1 Photosynthetic structures.- 6.2 Transfer and trapping of excitation energy.- 6.3 Photosynthetic electron transport in higher plants and algae.- 6.4 Photosynthetic electron transport in prokaryotes.- 6.5 Reaction centers.- 6.6 Carbon fixation.- 7. Biological transport processes.- 7.1 Passive and active transport.- 7.2 Osmotic equilibrium.- 7.3 Ionic equilibrium.- 7.4 Flow across membranes.- 7.5 Transport mechanisms.- 8. Membrane-bound energy transduction.- 8.1 The high-energy intermediate.- 8.2 The chemiosmotic model.- 8.3 Proton translocation.- 8.4 pH gradient and membrane potential.- 8.5 The proton-translocating ATPase.- 9. Biophysics of nerves.- 9.1 Nerves.- 9.2 The action potential.- 9.3 Synapses.- 9.4 Information processing in neuronal systems.- 10. Biophysics of contractility.- 10.1 Intracellular motion.- 10.2 Cellular motion.- 10.3 Muscular contraction.- 10.4 The energetics of contraction.- 11. Biophysics of sensory systems.- 11.1 The transmission of information.- 11.2 The visual receptor.- 11.3 The otic receptors.- 11.4 The chemical, somatic, and visceral receptors.- 12. Theoretical biology.- 12.1 Physical concepts and biology.- 12.2 Nonequilibrium thermodynamics.- 12.3 Modeling.- 12.4 Cybernetics.- 12.5 Generalizations in biology.- Appendix I. Some elements of quantum mechanics.- AI.1 The principle of quantization and the uncertainty principle.- Appendix II. Elements of equilibrium thermodynamics.- AII.l Definitions.- AII.2 First and second laws of thermodynamics.- AII.3 Entropy.- AII.4 Thermodynamic potentials.- AII.5 The chemical and the electrochemical potentials.- AII.6 The standard free energy of a chemical reaction.- AII.7 Oxidation-reduction potentials.


Much of the English in text documents today comes from nonnative speakers. Web searches are also conducted very often by non-native speakers. Though highly qualified in their respective fields, these speakers could potentially make errors in collocation, e.g., "dark money" and "stock agora" (instead of the more appropriate English expressions "black money" and "stock market" respectively). These may arise due to literal translation from the respective speaker's native language or other factors. Such errors could cause problems in contexts such as querying over Web pages, correct understanding of text documents and more. This paper proposes a framework called CollOrder to detect such collocation errors and suggest correctly ordered collocated responses for improving the semantics. This framework integrates machine learning approaches with natural language processing techniques, proposing suitable heuristics to provide responses to collocation errors, ranked in the order of correctness. We discuss the proposed framework with algorithms and experimental evaluation in this paper. We claim that it would be useful in semantically enhancing Web querying e.g., financial news, online shopping etc. It would also help in providing automated error correction in machine translated documents and offering assistance to people using ESL tools.


The Role (Relationship) of Visual and Motor Imagery in Estimating Reach. (May 2006) Diala Fouad Ammar, B.S., American University of Beirut; M.A., Sam Houston State University Chair of Advisory Committee: Dr. Carl Gabbard The primary intent of this study was to explore fundamental questions about the role and relationship between motor (MI) and visual (VI) imagery within the context of estimating reach. Experiment 1 examined and compared VI and MI tasks under matched environmental conditions with the intent to explore the distinction and cooperation of the visual and motor systems in representing actions. The design of this experiment included an interference paradigm modified from Stevens (2005) in which six blocks of trials (conditions) were used: MI, VI, MI with visual interference, MI with motor interference, VI with motor interference, and VI with visual interference. Results indicated that MI was significantly more accurate than VI in regard to total error, distribution of error and mean bias (p ≤ .05). Significant increases in the number of errors and estimation bias were found when the modalities for the imagined task and the interference task were matched. The data showed that motor tasks interfered with the ability to MI, whereas visual tasks interfered with the ability to VI. Experiment 2 included a response-delay paradigm modified from Bradshaw and Watt (2002) in which eight blocks of trials were used: MI and VI conditions with no-delay and delays of 1-, 2and 4 s. Overall, this experiment demonstrated that response-delay influenced accuracy of the MI


To have confidence in magnetic resonance (MR) imaging as a diagnostic tool for evaluation of the equine limb, validation of the procedures involved in image acquisition and interpretation is required. It is also important to understand the benefits and limitations of MR imaging by comparison with the macroscopic and microscopic structural abnormalities present within the tissues. This paper outlines various validation procedures that we have undertaken for image acquisition, image interpretation and measurement of structures, and comparison between MR images, macroscopic and histological examination of the equine foot, tarsal, and carpal tissues.


Activated carbons were prepared from sewage sludge by chemical activation with pyrolusite (PAC) and
lithium-silicon powder addition (LSAC) to develop effective adsorbents for the removal of Cu(II), Pb(II), Cd(II) and
Cr(III) metal ions from aqueous solution. Both modifiers with optimum dosage 1% (wt.) were demonstrated to exhibit
important effects on the formation of adsorbent's pore structure. PAC and LSAC showed 17.06% and 8.38% higher BET
surface area than the common one without modification (AC). The XPS result showed that after modification, the
hydroxyl and carboxyl groups on modified activated carbons surface were remarkably improved comparing with the
ordinary carbon. The adsorption results in single ion solution showed that the metal ions' removal rates were 13~29% and
20~43% increment, respectively, by LSAC and PAC comparing with AC's. Adsorption isotherm and kinetics studies
showed that adsorption of heavy metal ions onto the modified adsorbents was well fitted by the Langmuir isotherm and
could be described by the pseudo-second-order kinetic model. In a multi-ions solution system, the produced carbons
showed high affinity and good selective adsorptive capacity on Cu (II), Pb (II) removal, while an improvement adsorption
towards Cd(II) and Cr(III) were observed. It will help a lot in wastewater industries due to its efficiency and low-price.


The firm increases its value through managing capital structure decision. Thus, management of capital structure and decisions are important matter regarding the relationship between value of the firm and capital cost. There are several theories about capital structure, which explain capital structure decision making by management, such as asymmetric information theory, agency theory, static trade off theory, and pecking order theory. Objectives of the research are to examine and analyze the impact of the firm size, profitability, business risk, time interest earned, and asset growth to capital structure of the manufacturing firm listed in Indonesia Stock Exchange. Samples are taken by using purposive or judgement sampling method. Research has been done on 213 observations. The result shows that profitability, time interest earned, and asset growth have significant impacts to capital structure. On the other hand, size and business risks do not have significant impact on firm capital structure. The next reasearch is suggested to be done by comparing sectors of the firm in a longer period of time to get a more comprehensive result.


Lightweight, flexible substrates coated with thin film layers <0.5μm thick are commonly utilized for modern electronic devices that are portable and constantly reducing in size, weight, power consumption and material cost. Patterning techniques for these thin films are required to provide device functionality and alternatives to photolithography such as direct write laser processes are particularly attractive. However, for complex devices with multiple thin layers, the quality requirements for laser scribing are extremely high, since each individual thin film layer must be patterned without damaging the underlying thin film layer(s) and also provide a suitable topography for subsequent layers to be deposited upon. Hence, the choice of the laser parameters is critical for a number of emerging thin film materials used in flexible electronic devices such as ITO, pedot:PSS, silver nanoparticle inks, amongst others. These thin films can be extremely sensitive to the thermal interaction with lasers and this report outlines the influence of laser pulse duration and beam shaping techniques on laser patterning of these thin films and the implications for laser system design.


This publication produced to mark the Commonwealths 2011 theme "Women as Agents of Change" compares how well girls and women are doing relative to boys and men in their country. The report uses the best available data on issues such as survival - for example life expectancy and nutrition - and achievement including numbers of athletes and medals won at the Commonwealth Games and Commonwealth Scholarships attained.


‐ the last one refers to the existence of a proper Galois \mathrm{D}‐groupoid for the foliation. This notion has been introduced by B. Malgrange in [9], (see also [10]): consider the groupoid J_{k}^{*}\triangle of invertible jets of order k of maps from a polydisc \triangle to itself. A \mathrm{D}‐groupoid is the projective limit on k of subvarieties Y_{k} of J_{k}^{*}\triangle which are (strict) subgroupoids of J_{k}^{*}\triangle outside a codimension one analytic set (this condition will allow us to deal with singularities). Each D‐groupoid admits a D‐Lie algebra obtained by the linearization of its equations along the identity solutions. The Galois \mathrm{D}‐groupoid \mathrm{G}\mathrm{a}1\mathcal{F} of a foliation \mathcal{F}


Abstract The purpose of the present study was to demonstrate children's preference for novel stimuli, using the h metric to measure the information offered by three levels of novelty. Defining these levels by across-trials probabilities made possible calculation of three h values, one for each novelty level: 0.0, 0.41, and 2.0 bits. As predicted by the major hypothesis, preferences of first- and fifth-grade children, as measured by choice percentage, was a positive function of bit value. The secondary hypothesis, that both grades would show similar increasing functions for choice percentage with increasing information, also was confirmed. Future application of h in testing the relative arousal capacity of the collative variables, novelty, variety, and uncertainty is discussed.


Objective
To investigate the risk factors for unruptured intracranial aneurysms (UIA) in patients with acute cerebral infarction and whether the UIA affect early prognosis in patients with acute cerebral infarction.

Methods
Inpatients with acute cerebral infarction diagnosed at the Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University from January 2009 to August 2017 were retrospectively collected. Diagnosis of acute cerebral infarction and UIA was established by emergency magnetic resonance imaging and three dimensional time of flight magnetic resonance angiography screening. All patients with acute cerebral infarction were divided into the group with no intracranial aneurysm (A) and the group with UIA (B). Baseline materials such as demographics and cerebrovascular risk factors were used to analyze the comorbidity and risk factors of acute cerebral infarction and UIA. According to the modified Rankin scale (mRS) scores after 90 days, the patients were divided into a good prognosis group (mRS score ≤2) and a poor prognosis group (mRS score ≥3). The influence of the location, size, number of UIA and different treatments in the acute phase on the early prognosis of the two comorbidities was analyzed, and the relevant risk factors affecting prognosis were screened out.

Results
Of the 3 917 patients with acute cerebral infarction, 3 641 patients met the inclusion criteria, and 237 patients (6.51%) had UIA. The proportion of age, women, smoking and hypertension in group B was significantly higher than that in group A. Multivariate regression analysis showed that women (odds ratio (OR)=1.691, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.249-2.290, P=0.001), age (OR=1.023, 95% CI 1.010-1.036, P=0.000), smoking (OR=1.942, 95% CI 1.413-2.670, P=0.000), hypertension (OR=1.539, 95% CI 1.025-2.309, P=0.037) were significantly correlated with acute cerebral infarction complicated with UIA. There were 2 346 cases (64.43%) in the good prognosis group and 1 295 cases (35.57%) in the poor prognosis group after 90 days of onset. No statistically significant difference was found in the presence of UIA between the two groups (χ2=0.002, P=0.967). There was no significant correlation between location, size and number of treatments, treatment patterns, the Trial of Org 10172 in Acute Stroke Treatment classification and patient outcome. Further Logistic regression analysis showed age (OR=1.009, 95%CI 1.003-1.016, P=0.003), diabetes (OR=1.235, 95% CI 1.076-1.418, P=0.003), history of previous stroke (OR=1.544, 95% CI 1.324-1.801, P=0.000) and National Institutes of Healthy Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score at admission (OR=1.037, 95% CI 1.020-1.054, P=0.000) were significantly associated with poor outcomes in patients with acute cerebral infarction.

Conclusions
Female, age, smoking and hypertension were found to be risk factors for comorbidity of acute cerebral infarction and UIA. The location, size, and different treatments of UIA were not found to have a significant effect on early prognosis in patients with acute cerebral infarction; age, diabetes, previous stroke history, and baseline NIHSS score were high risk factors affecting early prognosis in patients with acute cerebral infarction with or without UIA.

Key words:
Aneurysm; Brain infarction; Prognosis


Based on the SU(2) lattice-gauge-theory formulation of the t-J model, we discuss a possible signature of the unit-cell doubling associated with the staggered-flux (SF) state in the lightly doped spin liquid. Although the SF state appears only dynamically in a uniform d-wave superconducting state, a topological defect [SU(2) vortex] freezes the SF state inside the vortex core. Consequently, the unit-cell doubling shows up in the hopping (Χ i j ) and pairing (Δ i j ) order parameters of physical electrons. We find that whereas the center in the vortex core is a SF state, as one moves away from the core center, a correlated staggered modulation of Χ i j and Δ i j becomes predominant. We predict that over the region outside the core and inside the internal gauge-field-penetration depth around a vortex center, the local density of states exhibits a staggered peak-dip (SPD) structure inside the V-shaped profile when measured on the bonds. The SPD structure has its direct origin in the unit-cell doubling associated with the SF core and the robust topological texture, which has little to do with the symmetry of the d-wave order parameter. Therefore the structure may survive the tunneling-matrix-element effects and easily be detected by the scanning-tunnel-microscope experiment.


The invention provides a pretilachlor aqueous emulsion and a preparation method of the pretilachlor aqueous emulsion. The pretilachlor aqueous emulsion comprises 20 to 60 percent of pretilachlor, 1 to 5 percent of emulsifying agents, 0.1 to 0.5 percent of structure thixotropic agents, 0.1 to 1 percent of PH regulators, 1 to 5 percent of anti-freezing agents and 30 to 70 percent of water. The existing aqueous emulsion product processing process is also improved, and the energy consumption in the processing process can be greatly reduced.


The cobbling technique of the dyeing defects of polyester fabrics with disperse dyes was introduced.The selection of dyes for stripping,stripping process conditions of partly stripping,reduction and oxidation stripping as well as redyeing and their advantages and disadvantages were also presented.


Labella is an augmented system designed to support pelvic fitness in women. It combines a pair of underwear for embodied intimate interaction and a mobile phone as a tool for embodied discovery. In this abstract we outline the motivation behind Labella, before explaining how the interaction is experienced and the technology behind our mobile application. This demo accompanies our Labella paper and contributes a further understanding of the Labella augmented system to an audience interested in on-body intimate interactions.


NASA recently completed the development and testing of the Efficient Descent Advisor (EDA) ‐ a trajectory-based tool for en route air traffic controllers that computes Optimized Profile Descent (OPD) solutions designed to minimize aircraft fuel consumption and associated carbon dioxide emissions while maximizing airspace throughput. EDA was developed and refined through a series of high fidelity Human-in-the-Loop (HITL) simulations, carried out in a three-year effort with the FAA and Boeing known as 3D-Path Arrival Management (3D-PAM). A final simulation was carried out to assess potential benefits using a prototype that reflected a culmination of previous design decisions. The simulation compared EDA against baseline operations in which controllers were provided with scheduling automation alone, representing metering operations today. For added fidelity, the simulation included models of trajectory prediction uncertainty. Results showed that EDA enabled a 92% improvement in the accuracy by which controllers delivered aircraft to the terminal airspace boundary in conformance with metering schedules. In addition, with EDA, controllers were able to accommodate overtake maneuvers en route without adjustments to the optimal arrival sequence. Furthermore, EDA was shown to reduce fuel consumption in transition airspace by 110 lbs per flight, averaged for all aircraft types and traffic scenarios, with substantially more fuel savings observed for busier traffic conditions and larger aircraft types. Reductions in controller workload were also observed along with a 60% reduction in the number of required maneuver instructions between controllers and pilots. Results from this simulation and previous experiments, together with prototype software and design specifications, were delivered to the FAA for transitioning EDA towards operational deployment.


Gas hydrates are crystalline substances composed of water and gas, in which a solid-waterlattice accommodates gas molecules in a cage-like structure. Gas hydrates are globally widespread in permafrost regions and beneath the sea in sediment of outer continental margins. While methane, propane, and other gases can be included in the clathrate structure, methane hydrates appear to be the most common in nature. The amount of methane sequestered in gas hydrates is probably enormous, but estimates are speculative and range over three orders of magnitude from about 100,000 to 270,000,000 trillion cubic feet. Estimates of the amount of gas in the hydrate reservoirs of the world greatly exceeds the volume of known conventional gas reserves. Gas hydrates also represent a significant drilling and production hazard. Russian, Canadian, and American researchers have described numerous problems associated with gas hydrates, including blowouts and casing failures. A fundamental question linking gas hydrate resource and hazard issues is: What is the volume of gas hydrates and included gas within a given gas hydrate occurrence? Most published gas hydrate resource estimates have, of necessity, been made by broad extrapolation of only general knowledge of local geologic conditions. Gas volumes that may be attributed to gas hydrates are dependent on a number of reservoir parameters, including the areal extent of the gas-hydrate occurrence, reservoir thickness, reservoir porosity, and the degree of gas-hydrate saturation. Two of the most difficult reservoir parameters to determine are porosity and degree of gas hydrate saturation. Well logs often serve as a source of porosity and hydrocarbon saturation data; however, well-log calculations within gas-hydrate-bearing intervals are subject to error. The primary reason for this difficulty is the lack of quantitative laboratory and field studies. The primary purpose of this paper is to review the response of well logs to the presence of gas hydrates. Also included in this paper is a description of the existing well-log evaluation techniques used to characterize porosities and water-saturations in gas-hydrate-bearing reservoirs.


Realistic use of neural networks often requires adhering to multiple constraints on latency, energy and memory among others. A popular approach to find fitting networks is through constrained Neural Architecture Search (NAS). However, previous methods use complicated predictors for the accuracy of the network. Those predictors are hard to interpret and sensitive to many hyperparameters to be tuned, hence, the resulting accuracy of the generated models is often harmed. In this work we resolve this by introducing Interpretable Integer Quadratic programming Neural Architecture Search (IQNAS), that is based on an accurate and simple quadratic formulation of both the accuracy predictor and the expected resource requirement, together with a scalable search method with theoretical guarantees. The simplicity of our proposed predictor together with the intuitive way it is constructed bring interpretability through many insights about the contribution of different design choices. For example, we find that in the examined search space, adding depth and width is more effective at deeper stages of the network and at the beginning of each resolution stage. Our experiments1 show that IQNAS generates comparable to or better architectures than other stateof-the-art NAS methods within a reduced search cost for each additional generated network, while strictly satisfying the resource constraints.


Product modularity has been the subject of considerable research and debate in last decade. Various metrics have been proposed in design community to measure the level of modularity and various procedures have been developed to search for ideal modular architectures. These procedures are based on either manual heuristics or computer clustering algorithms. Both approaches are aimed at finding more ideal architectures by optimizing a definition of modularity. However, different desirable criteria are often in conflict with each other and improving one criteria is not feasible without a compromising effect on another. Here, we propose a procedure to find non-dominated optimal architectures where our criteria of interest are intra-cluster and extra-cluster costs. We demonstrate an approach where a designer can consider the architecture that minimizes total cost of interactions, but also allows visualization of the trade-off in increased and decreased costs when considering nearby architectures with more or less modules. An alternative approach has been to consider granularity and hierarchical clustering schemes. We also show through an example that cost optimal architectures for any choice of number of modules are not necessarily obtainable via dividing or aggregating modules, and restricting to hierarchical clustering algorithms produces non-optimal solutions at different numbers of modules.Copyright © 2015 by ASME


This paper describes an innovative Mobility Camouflaging Evaluation Tool (MCET) for mobile users traveling on a predefined geo-spatial graph. MCET is a customizable platform for evaluating the effectiveness of Mobility Camouflaging Algorithms (MCAs) and Adversary Observation Algorithms (AOAs). AOAs use observations of mobile user wireless transmissions to trace their movements. MCAs are designed to reduce the ability of AOAs to construct accurate traces. Specifically, MCAs camouflage the mobile user's movements by routing them "together" yet attempting to minimize the overhead of additional travel. The AOSs and MCAs that are developed by users and plugged into MCET produce tabular results for evaluation of mobile user movement logs that are also rendered in Google Earth.


Deratings due to opacity problems at the Battle River Generating Station led ATCO Power to evaluate and install skewed gas flow technology in one-half of the Unit 5 twin-casing electrostatic precipitator during the August 2000 outage. Preliminary operating results show that the modified casing produces opacity readings at the outlet 40 percent lower than those seen at the outlet of the unmodified casing. This article includes a technical review and evaluation of Battle River's skewed gas installation, as well as the rationale used to provide the initial economic justification.


While performing the marine measuring and controlling mission, aerospace tracking ships need to acquire the ship attitude data in real time for processing, which is the biggest difference between land-fixed station. The aerospace tracking ship is generally in the form of single station measurement, so the selection of target measurement data is single. It can thus be seen that the ship attitude data has a significant impact on the external measurement data processing, and its accuracy directly affects the stability of target tracking measurement and the accuracy of external measuring orbit determination data. This paper comprehensively analyzes the impact of processing flow and method of ship attitude data on the external measuring initial orbit determination of the spacecraft, in the real-time processing of the tracking ship external measurement. According to the actual situation, the corresponding improvement method is proposed, and the measured data of a task is used for post-processing. The validity of the problem and the feasibility of the improved method are verified by the processing results.


CHLAMYDIA; UNIVERSAL VS SELECTIVE SCREENING By Veraeal Y. Glispie Women, age 20 to 39, attending three family planning clinics within a Michigan health department, were screened for Chlcmydia trachomatis. A nucleic acid hybridization test (Gen-Probe) was used to collect cervical specimens for seven consecutive months. A chlamydia risk assessment form, using Michigan Department of Community Health's selective screening criteria, was used to determine the client's risk group. A chi-square test with Yates correction was used for data analysis. The prevalence rates of high and low risk groups were compared with no significant difference (p = .18). The prevalence rates were \2.%Vo in Site A; 1.7% in Site B; 1.7% in Site C; and the mean prevalence rate was 3.0%. CDC's 5% prevalence rate, and NCchigan's 1994 local out county, and state prevalence rates of 7.9% and 5.08% respectively, were used as guidelines for determining high risk populations. Universal screening was recommended and instituted for Site A, and selective screening was continued in Sites B and C.


This paper is a contribution to the axiomatic approach to geometric objects. A collection of a manifold M , a topological space N , a group homomorphism E : Diff(M) → Homeo(N) and a function π : N → M is called a quasi-natural bundle if (1) π◦E(f) = f◦π for every f ∈ Diff(M) and (2) if f, g ∈ Diff(M) are two diffeomorphisms such that f |U = g|U for some open subset U of M , then E(f)|π−1(U) = E(g)|π−1(U). We give conditions which ensure that π : N →M is continuous. In particular, if (M,N,E, π) is a quasi-natural bundle with N Hausdorff, then π is continuous. Using this result, we classify (quasi) prolongation functors with compact fibres. 0. Introduction. Throughout this paper manifolds are assumed to be paracompact, finite-dimensional and without boundary. The concept of a natural bundle was introduced by A. Nijenhuis [10] as a modern approach to the classical theory of geometrical objects (see [1]). A natural bundle (over n-dimensional manifolds) is a covariant functor F from the category of n-dimensional C∞ manifolds and C∞ embeddings into the category of C∞ locally trivial fibre bundles and C∞ bundle mappings such that: (1) for every n-dimensional C∞ manifold M , FM is a locally trivial fibre bundle over M ; (2) for every C∞ embedding φ : M → N of n-dimensional manifolds, Fφ : FM → FN covers φ and for any x ∈ M , Fφ maps diffeomorphically the fibre FxM onto the fibre Fφ(x)N ; (3) F is regular in the following sense: If φ : U × M → N is a C∞ mapping (where U is an open subset of R) such that for every t ∈ U , φt : M → N , φt(x) = φ(t, x), is an embedding, then the mapping U × FM 3 (t, y)→ Fφt(y) ∈ FN is of class C∞. 1991 Mathematics Subject Classification: Primary 55R65.


As tyre characteristics play a predominant role in vehicle dynamics analysis, realistic description in vehicle modelling is of high importance. Based on an analysis of the current state of art in tyre characterisation, it is shown that substantial discrepancies occur between measured and simulated vehicle dynamics. In this paper a hybrid method is presented, based on the classification of tyre characteristics in two categories - structural and friction quantities - for which subsequently dedicated measurement procedures are developed. It is shown that, after combining the independently identified classes of characteristics using a mechanical-analytical model, vehicle dynamics simulation accuracy is increased to within the margin of precision of vehicle dynamics measurement.


Every year, more than twenty natural disasters such as earthquakes, floods, droughts, cyclones, etc., befall throughout the globe. Floods and droughts are water-related hazards which play havoc with human and animal lives and property and impede many developmental projects escalating their cost and large resources are needed for recovery and relief. It has been estimated that about one-sixth (nearly 16%) area of the country is prone to droughts. Drought-prone areas need to be made less vulnerable to drought-associated problems through soil-moisture conservation measures, water harvesting practices, minimisation of evaporation losses, development of the ground water potential including recharging and the transfer of surface water from surplus areas where feasible and appropriate. Pastures, forestry or othe rmodes of development which are relatively less waterdemanding needs to be encouraged. In planning water resource development projects, the needs of drought-prone areas should be given priority. Water should be made available to water short areas by transfer from other areas including transfers from river basins to another, based on a national perspective. Drought is perennial feature in some states of India and approximately 50 million people are annually affected by droughts. Agriculture continues to be main source of livelihood in the country and hence, water resources development and irrigation have been the main strategies used in India for drought management. The water resources development is a necessary precondition to cushion the impact of drought. Planning and creation of surface storage for irrigation is very essential for drought mitigation particularly in the regions depending on rainfall. The contingency crop planning as the major drought management component is a milestone in the drought management history of India. The Central Government has played a catalytic role in incorporating these developments. Drought is a slow onset natural hazard and it offers time and opportunity to mitigate its impact. Initial approach of dealing with ultimate consequences of the drought thus preventing the famine conditions through relief has now moved to drought management strategies encompassing in itself the early warning system and crop stabilization strategies.


Based on the cross-sectional data in 2013 of counties and introduces the spatial econometric model, this paper analyzes the agglomeration of economic growth and its influence factors among counties in Yunnan. The results indicate that the county economic growth has an obviously spatial correlation and the economic growth has an obviously agglomeration in the geographical space. Ignoring the spatial effects causes the deviation of model setting. The counties of high level in economic growth are concentrated in the central regions of Yunnan, meanwhile the counties of low level are concentrated in some regions in the southern, northern and south-western regions of Yunnan. The gap of economic growth is significant among these regions. Factors such as consumption, labor and industrialization play a significant role in promoting regional economic growth. Based on the above empirical study, the author brings up some corresponding policies for local governments.


In our nation, not every person will be a victim of racism. Not every person will be a victim of sexism. However, virtually everyone will have the chance to be a victim of ageism.Now that the youngest baby boomer has reached age 50 and the oldest is about to reach age 70, leading by 2030 to a doubling of our aging population, we need to re-examine federal policies and programs through the lens of ageism. Some programs, including those whose milestone anniversaries we celebrate in 2015, were developed for a different group of older adults than exist today. Adapting to changing times, instead of working off of old stereotypes about older adults, is critical to their success.Areas of concern include the chronic shortage of providers trained in geriatric care, the caregiving challenge of grandparents raising grandchildren, ageism that exists in Social Security policies, access to benefits, elder justice, employment discrimination, and the digital divide.This article explores current policies that may help to foster ageism, and offers solutions that could potentially end ageism in America.Ageism Abounds: The Realities, Some SolutionsIn this year, we celebrate the anniversaries of Medicare, Medicaid, and the Older Americans Act, all of which have improved the quality of life for older Americans. Though these programs have been largely successful for older Americans, ageism issues remain within healthcare, and should be redressed.An important trend that shows promise is ongoing efforts to rebalance how federal healthcare funds are directed. The trend in recent years has been away from institutional care (where fewer than 5 percent of older persons live) to home- and community-based care (Administration for Community Living, 2015). If this trend is to continue and expand, it would show we recognize that remaining at home and in the community for as long as possible is key to an older person's quality of life.There is an element of ageism in the failure of any comprehensive federal response to America's growing caregiving/caregiver challenge. First, it is time to update the Family and Medical Leave Act to allow benefits to help those caring for an older relative. This otherwise progressive law is behind the times. However, older adults also can be caregivers. Today, nearly 5 million grandparents are providing primary care to grandchildren (Makin, 2014). Yet they receive only 10 percent of the funds from the sole federal program that specifically helps family caregivers-the National Family Caregiver Support Program in the Older Americans Act (Butts, 2010). This translates into roughly $15 million a year. These grandparents' circumstances are unique, and they deserve more federal support. Ignoring the realities of caregiving provided by and for older adults is discriminatory.Our nation also must adopt a long-term-care policy to address the largest unfunded liability of the Baby Boom Generation as they age. According to the Associated Press-NORC Center for Public Affairs Research, about half of Americans older than age 40 believe "almost everyone" is likely to require long-term care as they age, but only about 25 percent believe they will fall into that category (Kane, 2013). In reality, 70 percent of Americans older than age 65 will need some form of long-term care (Kane, 2013). This denial of the need for care is largely why there is no real funding for long-term care. To further deny the need for a comprehensive public-private partnership in long-term care is to perpetuate ageism-denial of growing old is ageist.Greater attention than ever before is being focused on end-of-life decisions and care. We must ensure that policies respect the wishes of older persons. Medicare should provide reimbursements for end-of-life consultations with patients, and the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) has proposed a new rule that would reimburse physicians for time spent with Medicare beneficiaries discussing advance-care planning (Belluck, 2015). …


Introduction:
 Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of mortality and disability in the United States. Spatiotemporal modeling of disease incidence may guide prevention efforts toward regions most at risk in the future.

 Methods:
 We examined spatiotemporal trends in composite CVD events, defined as myocardial infarction, ischemic stroke, atrial fibrillation, heart failure, coronary artery disease, or cardiovascular death, using electronic health records from 9,718,107 U.S. Veterans who used VA healthcare facilities from 2003-2018. Age-standardized annual incidence by state was modeled using the Bernardinelli model, a Bayesian Poisson regression with linear temporal trends for the US and individual states.

 Results:
 There were 626,271 CVD events over 16 years of follow up and annual incidence fell gradually from 11.5% in 2003 to 6.6% in 2018. Incidence among all US veterans decreased an estimated 3.1% [95% CI: -3.3%, -2.9%] per year (RR
 year
 = 0.969). State-level incidences also decreased monotonically over the follow-up period (Figure panel
 A
 ), ranging from an absolute decrease 5.0% (RI) to 1.7% (OR). Estimated incidence for the five states most above (RI, FL, NC, MT, LA) and most below (OR, NV, CT, OK, MI) the national trend are plotted against the US average in Figure panel
 B
 . These outlying states differed significantly from the overall trend (posterior probabilities ≥ 99.7%), and the magnitude of trend was loosely correlated with initial incidence rate (in 2003). Notably, four states crossed the national average over the study period: CT and OK started below average in 2003 but ended above in 2018, whereas RI and NC started with high incidence and ended with below average incidence in 2018.

 Conclusions:
 Among US veterans, there was significant geographic variation in the rate of decline of incident CVD from 2003-2018. Future research will investigate the mechanisms underpinning the observed trends, particularly prevalence and control of risk factors.


Purpose: To examine how well hearing aid orientation (HAO) content is remembered immediately and 1 month after the HAO, and whether the ability to remember this information differs as a function of the audiologist providing the information, patient's age, degree of hearing loss, and prior knowledge of hearing aids. Method: A convenience sample of 100 older adults completed a multiple-choice test of hearing aid knowledge immediately following the HAO and 1 month later. Covariate and regression analyses were used to address the study purpose. Results: On average, participants recognized 74% of the information immediately following HAO and 78% at 1 month. Hearing loss was associated with declining recognition for hearing aid use and care information immediately following HAO, whereas prior knowledge was associated with successful recognition. Participants who recognized more HAO content immediately also remembered more at 1 month. A difference in recognition of hearing aid information based on audiologist wa...


BACKGROUD: HyperCVAD is one of the most frequent used protocols in adult ALL in routine practice. On the other hand, the CALLG2008 protocol was a published protocol designed by the Chinese Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Cooperative Group for adult ALL. In this retrospective study, we analyzed 70 Chinese patients with adult ALL to compare the efficacy, safety and costs of HyperCVAD regimen in comparison to CALLG2008.
 METHODS: Pts ≥ 15 years old with previously untreated newly-diagnosed ALL were eligible. All pts provided IRB-approved informed consent before chemotherapy. HyperCVAD and CALLG2008 were given as initially described. Imatinib (400 mg daily) was administered concurrently in patients with Ph-positive ALL. Prophylactic antibiotics, antifungals, and antiviral agents were provided according to the institutional guidelines. Red blood cells and platelet transfusions were given for hemoglobin<60 g/L and platelets≤10×109/L or if with hemorrhage. Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor was given routinely. Bone marrow aspiration was performed after the completion of the first course of induction chemotherapy to assess their response to treatment. All patients were evaluated for minimal residual disease (MRD) in bone marrow at the end of the first course of induction by 6-color multi-parametric flow cytometry analysis and reverse-transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR).
 Primary endpoint of the study was CR rate after the first course of induction therapy. Complete remission (CR) was defined as having <5% marrow blasts, a normalization of peripheral counts (neutrophil count ≥1 × 109/L, platelet count ≥100 × 109/L, and no abnormal peripheral blasts), and absence of extramedullary disease. The criteria for the positive and negative MRD are based on the experience of the European ALL MRD Detection Research Collaborative Group. Adverse events occurring during the first 8 weeks after the first course of induction therapy are reported. Other treatment outcomes including blood transfusion requirement, recovery day of neutrophil count were collected, as well as detailed data regarding hospitalization time, complications and costs.
 RESULTS: Thirty patients were treated with HyperCVAD, and 40 with CALLG2008. Pre-treatment characteristics are shown in the Table 1. After the first course of induction chemotherapy, complete remission was obtained in 83% and 78% of patients, respectively. The CR rate did not vary significantly by different regimens, gender, age, immunophenotype. However, 96% of those with cytogenetic or molecular evidence of the Philadelphia (Ph) chromosome and 76% of those without such evidence achieved a CR (P=0.045). In Ph-negative group, MRD-negative rates were found to be significantly higher with HyperCVAD (58% vs 27%, P=0.036). The median durations of neutrophil recovery of CALLG2008 group was 4 days longer than HyperCVAD group (P=0.038). Moreover, grade 3-4 thrombocytopenic (<500/μl) was more frequent on CALLG2008 regimens compared with the HyperCVAD regimens (90% vs 63%; P=0.007). Accordingly, a lower platelet transfusion rate was observed in favor of the HyperCVAD group (47% vs 73%, P=0.007). The CALLG2008 regimen had more all-grade hepatic toxicity than HyperCVAD regimen (53% vs 27%; P=0.03). Grade 3-4 hypofibrinogenemia was more frequent on CALLG2008 regimen compared with hyper-CVAD regimen (33% vs 7%; P=0.009). The average time to stay of the first course of chemotherapy were 19.4±3.5 and 24.2±8.6 days in HyperCVAD and CALLG2008 groups, respectively (P=0.002). The average drug-related costs for patients treated with HyperCVAD were significantly lower compared with that for those treated with CALLG2008 (30981.7 vs 59422.9 yuan, P=0.010).
 CONCLUSION: Although HyperCVAD and CALLG2008 regimens showed relatively similar early CR rate, the former yields deep remissions more powerfully in Ph-negative ALL. Additionally, HyperCVAD was more favorable in hematopoietic recovery than CALLG2008. Differences were also observed in terms of less complications, shorter hospitalization and lower drug-related expenditure in favor of HyperCVAD group.

 No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.


Diversity is instituting annual awards to recognize the most outstanding papers in the areas of biological, genetical, chemical or environmental diversity published in Diversity. [...]


While obesity prevalence has increased worldwide, research shows that more women than men are obese. This gender difference suggests the need to examine obesity from a social science perspective. The specific objectives of this entry are: (1) to introduce social scientists to the definition of obesity and its measurement; (2) to determine gender patterns of obesity; and (3) to identify social science perspectives To accomplish the stated objectives, I conducted in-depth literature reviews (search terms: gender, obesity, measurement, World Health Organization, International Obesity Task Force, children and obesity, adults and obesity) in PubMed and social science databases. Based on the international body mass index (BMI) criteria established by the World Health Organization, gendered patterns of obesity are evident among adults such that women are more likely to be obese. Among children and adolescents, there are few discernable or statistically significant differences in obesity prevalence. Public health perspectives often rely on individual health behaviors to explain gender differences which leave the macrolevel structures that contribute to gender differences in obesity understudied. In contrast, social science approaches examine gender socialization and social psychological theories to examine gender differences in obesity.

Keywords:

body image;
cross-cultural;
feminist theory;
gender;
gender studies;
obesity


The Data Encryption Standard (DES) was the first modern and the most popular symmetric key algorithm used for encryption and decryption of digital data. Even though it is nowadays not considered secure against a determined attacker, it is still used in legacy applications. This paper presents a secure, high-throughput and area-efficient Field Programming Gate Arrays (FPGA) implementation of the Data Encryption Standard algorithm. This is achieved by combining 16 pipelining concept with time variable permutations and compared with previous illustrated encryption algorithms. The permutations change on time by the cryptographer. Therefore, the ciphertext changes too for the same key and plaintext. The proposed algorithm is implemented on Xilinx Spartan-3e (XC3s500e) FPGA. Our DES design achieved a data encryption rate of 9453.47 Gbit/s and 2046 number of occupied CLB slices. These results showed that the proposed implementation is one of the fastest hardware implementations with better area-efficient and much greater security.


The present invention discloses a machine for machine authentication method based group communication system, comprising: an authentication center in accordance with the group information subscribed MTC device, generating a group authentication parameter, authentication parameter set and sent to the access security management device ; access security management device, according to the authentication parameters generated by the group, generates the authentication parameters for each MTC device, and in the group MTC device authentication. The present invention also discloses a device authentication system of machine-based group communication system, the apparatus including MTC, ASME access security management device and the authentication center; authentication center for the group MTC MTC device according subscribed information, a group authentication parameter, authentication parameter set and sent to the access security management device; access security management device for generating authentication parameter according to the group, and generates authentication parameters for each MTC device, and in the group MTC devices for authentication. The present invention greatly improves the authentication efficiency MTC device.


Web usage mining attempts to discover useful knowledge from the secondary data obtained from the interactions of the users with the Web. Web usage mining has become very critical for effective Web site management, creating adaptive Web sites, business and support services, personalization, network traffic flow analysis and so on. This paper introduces the various ingredients of natural computation and further presents the important concepts of Web usage mining and its various practical applications.


The analysis of methods for assessing strength in areas of mechanical stress concentrations in structures with defects is considered. As examples, the connections of a pipe with a welded shell and a technological pipeline with a through crack in the metal stratification zone delamination are given. It is shown that the calculation of structures with defects is based on the determination of the type of stress state that occurs under load, which is usually characterized by the value of the stiffness coefficient. Analysis of the study of a fragment of a technological pipeline in the zone of wall de-struction showed that the rupture occurred in the zone of the greatest wall thinning caused by the de-lamination of the wall metal, and the cause of the destruction was an excess of internal pressure


Corrosion data may be hard to be interpreted in many cases, where the thickening of the oxide scales is simultaneously accompanied by thinning, and the mass gain verse time curves are non-monotone. For example, the thermal growth of the oxide scales (TGO) on metals may compete to basic or acidic fluxing in molten sulphate induced hot corrosion, or to volatilization in water vapor oxidation. We modified the kinetics Tedmon model, which is based on the diffusion controlled parabolic thickening and interface reaction controlled linear thinning of TGO. Both mass gain and scaling rates have been taken into account. It is theoretically deduced that the mass gain of the specimen becomes a maximum (ξ) at a specific time; and then the thickness of TGO (ζ) and the mass gain rate (v0) of the specimen keep constant after a dynamic balance between thickening and thinning of TGO is reached. Formulations have been derived for the determination of the thickening and thinning rate of TGO using measured ξ, ζ and v0.


Rationale and Objectives. Completion of the human genome sequence provides the starting point for understanding the genetic complexity of humans and how genetic variation contributes to diverse phenotypes and disease. It is clear that model organisms have played an invaluable role in the synthesis of this understanding. It is also noted that additional species must be sequenced to resolve the genetic complexity of human evolution and to effectively extrapolate genetic information from comparative (veterinary) medicine to human medicine. Certainly the pig has been a valuable biomedical model organism and its role will expand in the future. The pig also represents an evolutionary clade distinct from primates or rodents, and thus, provides considerable power in the analysis of human genomic sequences. The pig, a domesticated eutherian mammal, has co-evolved with humans and represents a taxa with diverse selected phenotypes [Rothschild and Ruvinsky, 1998]. The pig has a central position in the scientific and veterinary medical communities that supports the utility of securing genome sequence information. Thus, this "white paper" provides scientific justification for sequencing the porcine genome (6X coverage) to identify new genes and novel regulatory elements in the pig and in humans, mice and rats. The porcine genome will serve as a reference non-primate, non-rodent, eutherian genome. The recent ability to genetically modify the porcine genome, genetically manipulate embryonic fibroblasts, and 'clone' genetically modified somatic cells through nuclear transfer attests to how the pig can provide relevant genetic models (of appropriate phenotypes). This further demonstrates the unique role the pig will play in biomedical research, hence warranting the value for genomic sequencing.


Finding the keylength is the essential step in breaking periodic substitution ciphers. However, the well-known Index of Coincidence technique becomes less reliable as the keylength increases. We describe an empirical method, based on regression analysis of frequency counts from a sample of ciphertexts, which is more reliable, yet easier to use.


The advantage of arch bridges with stiff steel-pipe concrete framework is the good ability of span and easy construction so that the technology is widely applied.In the construction of this kind of bridges,the sequence of construction is of great importance to safety of the structure,so the design should conduct detailed analysis.The paper presents the analysis of the static and dynamic characteristics in the construction and operation according to the construction of this kind of bridges.


We investigated molecular fragmentation for CO, C2H2 and C60 molecules induced by impact of various fast heavy ions. Fragment ions produced in electron capture and loss collisions of projectile ions were measured in coincidence with final projectile charge states. As for C60 target, the number distribution of secondary electrons emitted in single collision event were also measured by means of a triple coincident method. The charge state distribution of transiently formed Cr+60 was successfully reproduced by our new model calculation on the basis of statistical energy deposition model developed for polyatomic molecules. Data acquisition using position sensitive detection system allows us to obtain 3D momentum imaging of fragment ions from CO and C2H2 molecules. Typical results relevant to molecular orientation effect and kinetic energy release (KER) are discussed.


A preparation method of high-performance anti-corrosion repairing mortar including following components, by weight: 150-250 parts of cement, 280-725 parts of quartz sand, 50-200 parts of mineral powder, 50-150 parts of fly ash, 0-50 parts of silicon ash, 5-10 parts of barium nitrate, 0.1-1 part of an early strength agent, 1-4 parts of PP fibers, 0.5-20 parts of latex powder, 0.5-5 parts of cellulose ether, 0.5-2 parts of a water repellent agent, 0.001-0.1 parts of an air entraining agent, 0.1-2 parts of a water reducing agent, 0-1 part of a defoaming agent, and 100-250 parts of water. The invention, aiming to the characteristic of sulphate attack and the performance requirement of repairing mortar, discloses the repairing mortar which can repair the surface of damaged concrete with a protective film formed thereon to prevent the concrete form being corroded again. The repairing mortar is good in construction performance, can be used for coating the surface of the damaged concrete or filling damaged positions of the concrete. The repairing mortar is high in bonding strength and strength, is good in anti-permeability and flexibility, is simple in preparation process, is especially suitable for repairing the concrete subjected to sulphate attack, is great in market prospect and is good in practicability.


As a kind of broadband access technology, the white LED communication perfectly combined two communication technologies including optical fiber communication and wireless communication technology, which greatly increased the ways of modern optical fiber communication. This paper describes the design of a white LED communication system which frequency not fewer than 10 k Hz and the power of LED is 1W, also it has no less than 5 meters long communication distance.


The aim of this paper is to study quasi-rational polygons related to the outer billiard. We compare different notions introduced in Gutkin and Simányi (1992 Commun. Math. Phys. 143 431–49) and Schwartz (2009 Outer Billiards on Kites (Annals of Mathematics Studies vol 171) (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press)) and make a synthesis of them.


Background Over the last three decades mathematical research on classical Galerkin Finite Element Methods (CGFEM), based on the use of continuous piecewise polynomial approximations, has resulted in a coherent body of knowledge both in terms of theoretical foundations and with respect to efficient and robust implementations. This general class of methods is particularly well-suited for the numerical approximation of self-adjoint elliptic problems, but exhibits instabilities when applied to problems of hyperbolic or nearly hyperbolic character, such as transport (or transport-dominated) problems and problems of mixed or changing type (e.g. mixed elliptic-hyperbolic problems, degenerate elliptic problems, and the like). For such problems, Galerkin finite element methods based on the use of discontinuous piecewise approximations are much more promising. This family of numerical techniques, generally referred to as Discontinuous Galerkin Finite Element Methods (DGFEM), has a long and distinguished history. Its roots can be traced back to the work of Pian and collaborators in the early 1960s on hybrid methods for elliptic problems (see also [?] for a historical survey); the mathematical analysis of hybrid methods was initiated by Babuška [?]. In 1971, J. Nitsche [?] considered an alternative scheme where to recover the optimal convergence rate. These ideas were further developed by Arnold [?], Wheeler [?], and more recently a different context, and completely independently, discontinuous Galerkin finite element methods were introduced by Reed and Hill [?], and Lesaint and Raviart [?] (and further improved analytically by Johnson, Nävert and J. Pitkäranta [?] and Johnson and Pitkäranta [?]), in order to overcome the stability limitations of conventional continuous finite element approximations to first-order hyperbolic problems. Although subsequently much of the research in the field of numerical analysis of partial differential equations concentrated on the development and the analysis of CGFEM, in recent years there has been an upsurge of interest in discontin-uous schemes. This paradigm shift was stimulated by several factors: the desire to handle, within the finite element framework, nonlinear hyperbolic problems (see [?] and [?]) which are known to exhibit discontinuous solutions even when the data are perfectly smooth; the need to treat convection-dominated diffusion problems without excessive numerical stabilization ; the computational convenience of discontinuous finite element methods due to a large degree of locality; and the necessity to accommodate high-order hp-adaptive finite element discretizations in a flexible manner (see [?], [?]). The discontinuous Galerkin finite


This paper stems from the issue of the mobility phenomenon, through the pathway tread by individuals in need of connection and access to an uninterrupted flow of information. In this informational, cultural and technological context, the presence of mobile devices, especially cell phones, stands out quite significantly. Such artifacts, which feature not only voice services, but also texting information and Internet connections, are increasingly present in urban settings, changing access, production, and dissemination of information. Therefore, on account of the mobilities paradigm and its connections to globalization theories and information societies, this article has aimed to discuss the role of information and mobile technologies in the constitution of the contemporary mobility pattern. Moreover, this paper has sought to identify and characterize the defining elements of the mobility era through information flows. Here, a prominent factor was the strength of the symbolic construction of a connected society that is constantly available for interactive processes. The connection made possible with the use of mobile technologies has become one of the most significant aspects of mobility for informational flows: connections are established for entertainment, work, study, location, consumption of goods and expression of feelings. Information processes resulting from a range of interactional operations and the mobility implemented by mobile technology have become increasingly complex and established new paradigms for the production, access, and dissemination of current information. This calls for a broader and more accurate view of what the era of mobility and connection is and what its demands are for a continuous flow of information.
 DOI: 10.5901/ajis.2013.v2n8p682


e22067 Background: The cytoskeleton is a cellular 'scaffolding' or 'skeleton' contained within the cytoplasm. It is a dynamic structure that maintains cell shape, enables cellular motion. ADF/cofilin is a family of actin-binding proteins which disassembles actin filaments. LIMK2 is phosphorylated and activated by ROCK, a downstream effector of Rho, and phosphorylates cofilin, inhibiting its actin-depolymerizing activity. Profilin binds to actin. At high concentrations, profilin prevents the polymerization of actin, whereas it enhances it at low concentrations. Cdk1 phosphorylates beta tubulin. In mitotic cells, phosphorylated tubulin is excluded from microtubules, being present in the soluble tubulin fraction. Stathmin/Op18 is a cytosolic phosphoprotein which regulates the dynamics of microtubules. The process of tumor proliferation and metastasis is characterized by high rates of mitosis and migration into distant tissues. In this study we investigated the expression of cytoskeleton proteins in native hematopoietic CD34+ stem cells from BM in comparison to mobilized peripheral blood stem cells (mPBSCs) from G-CSF stimulated donors as well as CD34+ cells from AML.

METHODS
An Auto-MACS (Miltenyi) and FACS Vantage SE cell sorter (Becton Dickinson) was used to process high enriched (>99%) CD34+ cells fractions from MNCs. Proteomics was performed with the Proteome Works System (BioRad). Protein identification was carried out by Q-TOF and ion trap mass spectrometer analyses. Phosphoproteins were detected with ProQ-Diamond stain and specific antibodies.

RESULTS
The comparative proteome analyses show that 1. actin, tubulin, vimentin are overexpressed and phosphorylated, 2. cofilin and profilin are unphosphorylated, and 3. Stathmin is overexpressed in G-CSF mobilized hematopoietic stem cells and in AML in his active 'dephosphorylated' form.

CONCLUSIONS
Highly enriched hematopoietic CD34+ cells are a prerequisite for the qualitative and quantitative phospho/proteome analyses. Our results show, that mobilized stem cells "in vivo" and AML cells increase cytoskeleton proteins expression and cause a complex phosphorylation status, which may explain the regulation of migration and metastasis. No significant financial relationships to disclose.


The recognition of early precancerous changes which are specific to carcinogenesis in the skin would be extremely helpful in the diagnosis of early malignant change and in shortening present skin painting carcinogenicity tests. The present article discusses the likelihood of this occurring in the light of our current knowledge. Mouse skin painting tests have been used as a bioassay system for tobacco smoke constituents for several years and much of the information presently available on mouse epidermal cell kinetics and pathology has been derived from this source. The first successful bioassay of a suspected carcinogenic substance using an epithelial surface was that of Yamagiwa & Ichikawa (1916) with the application of coal tar to the ears of rabbits. Wynder, Graham & Croninger(i953), were the first to establish tobacco smoke condensate as being carcinogenic to laboratory animals. They used mouse and rabbit epithelial tissues. The conventional tumour formation tests using mouse skin cannot be described as 'short term'. The appearance of the first tumour after painting with a maximum tolerated dose of tobacco smoke condensate can be as long as 9 months from the commencement of the test (Bibby, 1977). Much of the efforts in the field of mouse skin painting have been directed to examining the specificity of early changes in skin carcinogenesis in order to try to speed up the tests. Single applications of carcinogens in mouse skin have been shown by several workers (Reller & Cooper, 1944; Iversen & Edelstein, 1952; Evensen, 1961; Bibby, 1977) to show transitory reduction in mitotic index followed by an increase at a later stage. In a study with nude mice, Iversen & Evensen (1962) demonstrated that polycyclic hydrocarbons decrease the number of epidermal cells labelled with tritiated thymidine and interpreted this depression as a block in mitosis and an inhibition of DNA synthesis. This reaction was observed after painting with carcinogens only and was considered to be a specific effect. Several other workers do not agree with this statement, however, and Elgjo (1968) after evaluation of mitotic rate, duration and count concluded that alterations provoked by single applications of tobacco smoke condensate were similar to those observed in simple regenerative reactions. Stripping procedures in humans (Pinkus, 1951), pig (Oehlert, Karase & Bertelmann, 1966) and mouse skin (Hennings & Elgjo, 1970) also result in a short inhibition of DNA synthesis followed by an increase in cell proliferation. It would seem unlikely, therefore, that initial cell kinetic changes specific to carcinogenesis would have been demonstrated in the early stages of tobacco smoke condensate studies as these condensates contain a considerable array of toxic materials in addition to their carcinogenic constituents. The ability to separate irritant responses from carcinogen responses is essential in order to evaluate the viability of mouse skin painting experiments in carcinogen testing and in diagnosis of malignant change. Formation of chemically induced epidermal tumours (Bibby, 1977) is preceded by thickening of the epidermis. Epidermal thickening is caused by an increase in both the number and size of cells. These responses are dose related and occur after both carcinogen and non-carcinogenic irritant treatment. After the formation of papillomas the interfollicular epidermis between papillomata is indistinguishable from irritant treated epidermis. The labelling index with tritiated thymidine in the epidermis, however, is rapidly elevated following carcinogen treatment and remains elevated until


In an environment of economic crisis, new business models are required that can successfully respond to business challenges and stimulate economic growth. During these changes, technology takes on a strategic value. Bringing together the following trends and technologies: cloud computing, advanced analytics, client computing, green business, reshaping data centers, social computing, virtualization of resources, and mobile communications and applications - the Smart Automated Platform (SmAP) platform opens up new opportunities for economic development in industry, transport and energy sectors. This paper describes the technical and business opportunities of the SmAP advanced platform.


Objective HCV highly conserved region (5'-UTR) and phylogenetically informative region (NS5B) were chosen to determine genotypes and subtypes by phylogenetic analysis,to clarify the characteristics of HCV genotypes and subtypes in Guangdong area.Methods Ninety-nine serum samples from chronic hepatitis C patients were collected.RT-PCR was employed to amplify the specific region of HCV 5'-UTR and NS5B.Nucleotide sequencing and phylogenetic analysis were carried out to determine the genotypes and subtypes.Results Ninety-nine cases were all accurately genotyped,of which all the cases were genotyped by 5'-UTR,74 cases were determined by NS5B region.The distribution of HCV genotypes and subtypes:subtype 1a,1 case;subtype 1b,59 cases;genotype1,7 cases;subtype 2a,11 cases;subtype 3a,2 cases;subtype 3b,2 cases;genotype 3,3 cases;subtype 6a,12 cases.There were 2 cases with different genotypes in the two regions,which were 6a/1b and 3a/1b respectively in 5'-UTR/NS5B.There were 74 cases analyzed by both regions.72 cases were consistent,2 were inconsistent.Conclusion Combining different regions of HCV sequences can improve the accuracy and sensitivity of genotyping.The HCV subtypes of chronic hepatitis C in Guangdong area are mainly of 1b;followed by 2a,6a;3b and 3a also has a certain proportion.


To explore the effect of the different environmental factors on the treatment of azo dyes reactive black 5 by Fenton reagent,pH,Fe2+ dosage,H2O2 dosage and initial dye concentration that affect the treatment effect in the process was optimized with the response surface method.The results showed that the optimal conditions for processing azo dyes reactive black 5 were as follows: pH was 4,Fe2+ dosage was 7.84 mg/L,initial dye concentration was 60 mg/L,and H2O2 dosage was 57.8 mg/L.Under the conditions,COD removal rate could reach 79.04%,which is very close to the predicted value of 74.59%.It illustrates that the model established can truly reflect the impact of the major factors,and the model is consistent with the actual situation.


The ridge parameter k is one of the key performances for the ridge regression. According to the ridge regression coefficient suggested by Pattrawiwat and Siripanich [1], some alternative estimators of k are proposed. They are harmonic mean, arithmetic mean and geometric mean of s ' j k which minimize all terms in total mean square error of the estimated regression coefficients. Simulation results exhibit well – performance of those estimators in some aspects.


Editor I was interested in the paper of Dr Mark Turner and colleague (November/December 1998, pp545-7), but I think the time has come when patients with adult congenital heart disease should be included in such valuable pro tocols. During the latter part of the twentieth century, our knowledge and understanding of congenital heart dis ease haemodynamics, as well as surgical skills, has improved tremendously. As a result a new group of patients has emerged whose pre-operative assess ment of cardiac risk for non-cardiac surgery is quite different from that of adults with ischaemic heart disease. This difference is most conspicuous in com plex cyanotic heart disease. Further studies and protocols should consider this important issue. Q ABDULLAH XlABDULGADER Consultant


Retinal glial cells— microglia, astrocytes, and Müller glia—provide homeostatic support, regulate vascular blood flow, and react to injury by releasing inflammatory cytokines. Glial reactivity has been shown to be relevant for retinal vascular pathology and neuronal death. Non-apoptotic expression of endothelial caspase-9 (EC Casp9) was recently identified as a key mediator of retinal edema, hypoxic-ischemic injury, and neurodegeneration in retinal vein occlusion (RVO). In the current study we aimed to determine the glial responses that are modulated by EC Casp9 as a means to identify relevant neuro-immune mechanisms for the development of retinal edema and neurodegeneration. To this end we used a mouse model of RVO and a tamoxifen inducible EC Casp9 KO mouse line. We show that EC Casp9 leads to an increase in reactive microglia and to macrogliosis in a time-dependent manner. RVO induced an EC Casp9 dependent astroglial caspase-6 and cleavage of GFAP. Cytokine array analysis revealed that RVO increases expression of inflammatory cytokines out of which CX3CL1, IGF-1, IL-4, LIX, IL-1α, M-CSF, TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-10, and VEGF-A, were regulated by EC Casp9. Moreover, we found that EC Casp9 deletion resulted in protection from contrast sensitivity decline one day post-RVO. These results demonstrate that caspase-9 in hypoxic endothelial cells regulates retinal inflammatory signaling in microglia, astrocytes and Müller cells and changes in visual function.


Abstract A simple and mild system for 1,2‐diol cleavage has been developed using a combination of lead diacetate and tert‐butyl hypochlorite at room temperature.


* Introduction to Aesthetic Facial Plastic Surgery * Aesthetic Facial Analysis * Photography in Facial Plastic Surgery * Minimally Invasive Procedures in Facial Plastic Surgery * Face Lift and Neck Lift * Blepharoplasty * Brow Lift * Midface Lift * Rhinoplasty * Cervical Liposuction * Buccal Fat Pad * Cheek and Chin Implants * Otoplasty * Hair Transplantation * Introduction to Reconstructive Facial Plastic Surgery * Healing, Soft Tissue Trauma and Wound Care * Soft Tissue Reconstruction * Scar Revision * Reconstruction of Facial Skin Defects * Myocutaneous and Microvascular Flaps * Nasal, Orbital, and Frontal Sinus Fractures * Mandibular Fractures * Maxillary and Zygomatic Fractures * Surgical Management of Facial Paralysis * Microtia Reconstruction


Approximately 15 years ago, four youth access clinics (YACs) were established in the Gippsland region to improve mental and general healthcare for young people living in the region. The aim of the study was to examine the barriers and enablers for young people accessing the YACs in Gippsland.


Although 70% of the stars in the Galaxy are M-dwarfs, thermal emission searches for cold debris disks have been conducted mostly for A-type and solar-type stars. We report on new λ = 1.2 mm continuum observations of thirty M-dwarfs, using the MAMBO-2 bolometer array camera at the IRAM 30 m telescope. For a statistical analysis, we combine these data with our prior SCUBA and MAMBO-2 observations of 20 other M-dwarfs. Our sample consists of M-dwarfs in moving groups, with relatively young ages, and of nearby M-dwarfs with unknown ages. Only one cold debris disk (GJ842.2) was detected significantly. We compare the implied disk abundance constraints with those found in two comparable submillimeter surveys of 10 to 190 Myr old A- and FGK-type stars. For the 19 youngest (ages less than 200 Myr) M-dwarfs in our sample, we derive a cold disk fraction of 5.3 +10.5 −5.0 %, compared to 15 +11.5 −11.5% for FGK-stars and 22 +33 −20 % for A-stars. Hence, for this age group, there is an apparent trend of fewer cold disks for later stellar types. Although its statistical significance is marginal, this trend is strengthened by the deeper observations of our M-dwarf sample. We derive a cold disk fraction of <10% for the older (likely a few Gyr) M-dwarfs in our sample. Finally, although inconclusively related to a debris disk, we present the complex millimeter structure found around the position of the M 1.5 dwarf GJ526 in our sample.


In order to quantitatively evaluate the benefits of different cropping patterns of soybean in Northwest irrigation districts along Yellow river,we adopted the concept of land equivalent ratio,yield equivalent and value of output equivalent,and analyzed the cropping patterns of early potato/soybean,wheat/soybean,corn//soybean,oil flax/soybean and pea/soybean.Compared with monoculture,land use efficiency of five patterns raised by 54%,34%,52%,52% and 66%,unit area yield increased by 39%,28%,48%,55% and 64%,unit area output value enhanced by 43%,31%,54%,53% and 69%,respectively.The benefits of five cropping patterns in descending order were early potato/soybean,corn//soybean,pea/soybean,wheat/soybean and oil flax/soybean,the profit was 20 033.48,11 786.85,11 312.02,9 941.03 and 9 748.05 yuan·ha-1,respectively.


The aim of this work is to remind readers of the existence of the dictatorship of Rafael Leonidas Trujillo and also to show how the dictatorship reflects in the literature. There are many literary works dealing with the development and impact of Trujillo's regime on the citizens of the Dominican Republic. The novel chosen to discuss this issue is The Brief Wondrous life of Oscar Wao, written by the Dominican-American writer Junot Diaz. This thesis is divided into three sections. The first chapter in this work focuses mainly on the historical development of the Dominican Republic. The second chapter presents the three main literary genres (dictatiorial novel, magical realism and bildungsroman) found in this novel. Each of these genres is revealing one of the topics which are discussed in more detail in the third chapter. However this chapter also includes a detailed analysis of the characteristics of the characters and also a description of each theme found in the novel.


Hot deformation tests of 5CrNiMoV steel were performed at deformation temperatures of 700 to 870 °C and strain rates of 0.001 to 0.1 s−1 using the DIL 805D thermomechanical simulator. The critical strain and volume fraction models of Dynamic Recrystallization (DRX) were constructed based on the work hardening theory. The results showed that the critical strain of DRX decreases with increasing deformation temperature and decreasing strain rate, which implies that DRX occurs easily at higher temperatures and lower strain rates. The average DRX grain size model was established to predict grain size changes during hot deformation. Based on the hot processing maps that were constructed using the Dynamic Material Model (DMM) and microstructure observation, the optimum hot working parameters for 5CrNiMoV steel are a deformation temperature of 800 °C–870 °C, a strain rate of 0.001–0.05 s−1.


Lyapunov type inequalities for (linear or nonlinear) Hammerstein integral equations are established and applied to second order differential equations (ODEs) with general separated boundary conditions. These new inequalities provide necessary conditions for the Hammerstein integral equations and these boundary value problems to have nonzero nonnegative solutions. As applications of these inequalities for nonlinear ODEs, we obtain extinction criteria and optimal locations of favorable habitats for populations inhabiting one dimensional heterogeneous environments governed by reaction-diffusion equations with spatially varying growth rates and external forcing.


This study aims at highlighting the importance of investing in sustainable energy as one of the mostimportant alternatives to achieving sustainable development in the direction of the green economy, as wellas the importance of investing in green energy technology which also plays a major role in developingenergy and rationalizing its use to protect the environment. The study also aims to identify the mechanismsof green financing in the field of sustainable energy by presenting some successful experiences of somecountries in this field, in addition to addressing the reality of Algeria's interest in sustainable energy projectsand sources of funding, So far, with the latter coming up with some suggestions on the subject


Many global companies, which are proactive to continuous changes in the market so as to access complementary assets, satisfy customers, pursue growth and sustainable competitive advantage, are practicing open innovation, a new paradigm that uses techniques and tools for the development of an innovative collaboration network. Furthermore, there are studies suggesting that companies ought to be market-driven so innovation might be successful. Therefore, this research sought to contribute with the scientific body by addressing the new open innovation paradigm (Chesbrough, 2003) and the widespread strategy of market orientation in the field of innovation. To this effect, we sought to determine whether there is positive correlation between open innovation, innovation and market orientation based on Jaworski and Kohli ́s (1993) three pillars. The empirical study was conducted by means of a quantitative survey with the application of a questionnaire at different corporate functional levels. To treat data, we adopted the Spearman ́s statistical correlation method. Results linked to the theoretical framework demonstrated that innovation is related to market orientation, but this in turn has no significant relationship with open innovation. It was also verified that there is a deficiency in the generation and dissemination of intelligence, which PROFUTURO: FUTURE STUDIES PROGRAM Scientific editor: James Terence Coulter Wright Evaluation: Doublé Blind Review by SEER/OJS Revision: Grammatical, normative and of layout Future Studies Research Journal ISSN 2175-5825 São Paulo, v. 3, n. 2, pp. 186 – 211, Jul./Dec. 2011 187 are fundamental for the correlation between market orientation and open innovation. Key-words: Innovation. Open innovation. Market orientation. UM ESTUDO SOBRE OPEN INNOVATION E SUA RELAÇÃO COM INOVAÇÃO E ORIENTAÇÃO PARA O MERCADO


The present invention relates to an implementation method of all-optical half adder by using semiconductor optical amplifier(SOA)-based devices and the apparatus thereof. In more detail, it relates to an implementation method of all-optical half adder comprising an all-optical XOR gate and an all-optical AND gate, implemented by using SOA-based devices, and an apparatus thereof.


Flood risk assessment at the mesoscale requires data that are spatially and thematically detailed enough to provide reliable estimates at the catchment level. However, data availability and suitability are often contradictory: available data are rarely suitable at the required level of detail. To overcome this problem, numerous disaggregation methods have been proposed in recent decades, often based on somewhat generalised imperviousness characteristics derived from the available urban land use/land cover (LULC) nomenclature. To reduce generalisation, we propose a new disaggregation approach using a spatially distributed imperviousness density (IMD) layer at a very detailed spatial resolution of 10 m as ancillary data to improve the thematic detail of the urban classes of the available LULC datasets (Coastal Zones, Natura 2000) and the dasymetric mapping of the census data. The nomenclature of the urban classes and the impervious density thresholds were taken from the detailed Urban Atlas dataset. The disaggregation of the census data is then built on the resulting geometry of thematically improved residential classes. Assuming that IMD values indicate a built-up density, the proposed weighting scheme is IMD-dependent: it accounts for variability in the built-up density and, hence, variability in population. The approach was tested in three catchments in Croatia, each with a different degree of urbanisation. The resulting statistics (mean square error and percentage error) indicate that residential areas and population density depend on IMD. Using IMD as additional data therefore greatly improves the assessment of elements that are exposed to flooding and, consequently, the damage and flood risk assessment.


Comparing with Chinese traditional culture, we can see clearly the modern culture's hostility to Nature, using the method of culture-analysis. Just because its hostility to Nature, it is not sustainable. The ideas of ecological culture must transcend individualism, materialism (in sense of axiology), economism, consumerism, scientism and anthropocentrism; it must restrict the function of market in the level of institution; and it must transfer conquering technology to tuning technology.


Abstract : The Naval Research Laboratory's Low-power Atmospheric Compensation Experiment (LACE) Program was established to provide and operate a satellite that could carry and support instruments to measure the intensity and distribution of low-energy laser beams transmitted from Earth; to image the ultraviolet emission from rocket plumes at high altitudes; and to measure the spectrum and distribution of terrestrial neutrons. The satellite was launched on 14 February 1990. It made many successful laser beam measurements; collected high-quality emission images from four rocket launches in four attempts; and made neutron background measurements almost continuously for 36 months. LACE satellite, Ultraviolet plume instrument, UVPI, Army background experiment, ABE, Low-power atmospheric compensation, Laser, Plumes, Ultraviolet, Neutron background, Rocket plumes.


The electrochemical oxidation of p-phenylenediamine and its derivatives was studied on platinum electrode in acetonitrile. The oxidation mechanism was composed of two successive one-electron reversible waves. The hyperfine ESR spectra of the cation radicals were observed by electrolysis on the first wave. The generation of the same cation radicals could be performed by electrolysis on the second wave, indicating the presence of an electron exchange reaction between the dication and the parent molecule in solution.