This paper is an attempt to test country claims on the social costs of openness especially in the case of poor developing countries. The intent of this paper is to extend the research on the costs and benefits of economic openness by trying to look at one dimension in particular, health, and to answer two distinct but linked questions. How does openness affect government spending? What are the true determinants behind public health spending? The paper finds a positive relationship between openness and government size for poor, less developed countries, and negative in the case of rich, developed economies. The paper also finds that poor, less developed countries rank healthcare spending lower than defense but higher than education in government spending allocation and are, therefore, spending more than proportionately on healthcare than they are spending on defense and less than proportionately than on education.


Cloning and protein expression Homo sapiens DDB1 (residues 1-1140), Gallus gallus CRBN (residues 1-445) [for crystallography studies] and Homo sapiens CRBN (residues 1-442) [for all biochemical and biophysical assays] were cloned into pAC-derived vectors (BD Biosciences PharMingen); recombinant baculoviruses were prepared according to the manufacturer's protocol. Proteins were expressed as N-terminal His6 (DDB1), Nterminal StrepII or N-terminal His6-tagged (CRBN, MEIS2) and N-terminal StrepIIBirA (CSN) fusion proteins in Hi-Five insect cells (Invitrogen). For purification, cells were resuspended in lysis buffer containing 50 mM Tris-HCl pH 8.0, 200 mM NaCl, 0.25 mM TCEP (tris(2-carboxyethyl)phosphine), 1 mM PMSF, and 1 tablet/500 ml protease inhibitor cocktail (Sigma), and lysed by sonification. The lysate was clarified by ultracentrifugation and proteins purified using Strep-Tactin affinity purification or Ni-NTA affinity purification. Proteins were further purified by anion exchange chromatography (Poros 50HQ) using a 0 700 mM NaCl gradient. Size exclusion chromatography (SEC) (HiLoad 16/60 Superdex 200; GE Healthcare) in 50 mM HEPES pH 7.4, 200 mM NaCl and 0.25 mM TCEP yielded proteins without visible contamination (Coomassie-stained SDS-PAGE). The purified protein was concentrated using "Amicon Ultra" spin concentration devices, flash frozen in liquid nitrogen and stored at -80°C until further use. For transient overexpression in HEK293T cells and stable cell line selection, Homo sapiens MEIS2 transcript variant d and homo sapiens CRBN and CRBN were purchased as a Myc-DDK-tagged expression construct from Origene (RC208386L1, RC209794, pCMV6-entry). CRBN constructs were subcloned into a pCMV6-HA expression vector.


In recent years, information leakage cases happen frequently and are one of big problems. 70% of such a cases are caused by human factors such as mismanagements and/or careless operations. Such a factors can be removed by the control of information flow and/or the check of computer operations. Therefore, some studies to control information flows have been proposed. However, almost studies focus on single computer. Thus, it is insufficient in recent working situations which exchange a lot of information through network. In this paper, we propose a framework to track sensitive information flow on multiple computers at kernel. The framework hooks system calls which may cause the diffusion of information, maintains their logs, and uses their logs to trace information. As the result, we can trace information on multiple computers. It would be useful for the control of the operations which uses sensitive information.


Today, the definition "glaucoma" combines a number of eye pathologies that lead to irreversible blindness, and therefore is difficult disabling disease. Glaucoma occurs in people of working age, so this problem is not only medical, but also social, because it causes disability in substantial economic costs not only for individual patients, but also for the whole country – patients become unable to work. Gender features of glaucoma are also contradictory. In European literature the basic idea is that men are more likely to suffer from glaucoma than women. Such studies have not been conducted in the Podillya region of Ukraine, that makes impossible to design a reliable global data to estimate the prevalence of glaucoma in different age groups for persons living in Vinnitsa region. Therefore, the aim of the study was a retrospective analysis of medical records of patients in Eye Microsurgery Department of Vinnitsa Regional Clinical Hospital for the period 2008-2012 years for determining the gender and age characteristics. Materials and methods 1418 patients with primary open-angle glaucoma (841 men and 577 women) aged 14 to 92 years (mean age 67,12 ± 7,64), which were treated in the Eye Microsurgery Department, took part in the study. For the purpose of the study they were divided into two groups: I – male patients with glaucoma, II – female patients with glaucoma. Each group was divided into 7 subgroups according to the ontogenesis scheme: A – teens, B – youth, C – I adulthood age, D – II adulthood age, E – elderly age, F – senily age and G – centenarians. Thus was allocated 12 research groups. Results The structure of the incidence of glaucoma is 59.31% in men and 40.69% in women. Incidence of glaucoma is highest in the IE group and is 34.98%. The group IIE incidence is lower – 35.32%. In the group D the incidence of glaucoma among men and women was very different (13.89% and 2.89%, respectively). It should also be noted the high incidence of glaucoma in elderly patients: 9.31% – IF group and 1.92 % – IIF group. The results of the analysis suggest that the incidence of glaucoma among people of working age is lower compared to the non-working population. The proportion of male patients of working age is 25.20%, which is almost in 3 times higher than in women of the same age group (8.32%). Structuring by gender also showed that the second place have male patients with glaucoma in a subgroup D (II adulthood age), while for women it is seen more often in the older age (subgroup F). Conclusions 1. Analysis of the gender and age structure of patients with glaucoma in the Vinnitsa Regional Clinical Hospital in 2008-2012 year was performed. 2. The results allow to predict the future number of newly diagnosed patients with glaucoma among different age groups of both sexes in Vinnytsia region. 3. Comparison of newly diagnosed glaucoma patients with predicted values will help to assess and subsequently adjust of the work of ophthalmological service area. 4. The data obtained from the study allows to calculate funding, that should be involved in the budget of health care institutions and social insurance funds to pay for medical treatment of disabled persons due to glaucoma.


naval history as a formal field of research and writAMERICAN ing is of relatively recent origin. Its beginnings reach back into the 19th century with the works of James Fenimore Cooper, and it was given a tremendous boost by the writings of Capt. Alfred Thayer Mahan at the turn of the century. Since then interest in naval history has spread, especially since World War II, until today more scholars than ever before are engaged in active research. Naval history, however, was slow to develop as an academic field. The hallowed tradition of the late 19th century and early 20th century was that naval history should be written by officers, ex-officers, or civilians closely connected with the service. This type of naval literature, although a pioneering effort, left much to be desired. The glamour of naval operations, the heroics of battle, and the thrill of escapes at sea enthralled a generation of readers. The public's image of the United States Navy was molded in large part by writers whose personal tastes dictated the choice of events around which they wove their stories. Mercifully, during the 1920's, authors of American naval history ceased to consider their field as merely a branch of literature and attempted to write "scientific history." Naval officers and a handful of academicians trained in the scientific method sought to make generalizations. They depended primarily upon their own ingenuity for gathering materials, and the quality of their work depended upon their training and initiative. Their search for objectivity sometimes hampered their pursuit of broad inferences. A corner was turned in 1933 when James Phinney Baxter III published The Introduction of the Ironclad Warship (Cambridge, 1933). This book was a wonderful stimulus to scholarship. The time had come, historians realized, to explore areas other than operations, and they began preparing the way for the development of formal naval history. The most significant of these general works was the two-volume survey by Harold and Margaret Sprout, The Rise of American Naval Power, ijj6-igi8 (Princeton, 1939) and Toward a New Order of Sea Power: American Naval Policy and the World Scene (Princeton, 1940) . While the Sprouts were probing the political aspects of the United States Navy, Bernard Brodie in his Sea Power in the Machine Age (Princeton, 1941 ) was concerned with the effects of the Industrial Revolution on the chang-


The authors re-examine, using a confluent singularity analysis, existing low-temperature series for the mean size of finite clusters for the pure spin-1/2 nearest-neighbour Ising model in two dimensions. Although the triangular lattice is problematical, results for the honeycomb and square lattices may be interpreted as indicating a dominant exponent theta =1.87+or-0.04 (consistent with the theoretical prediction theta = gamma + beta ), together with competing analytic and non-analytic ( Delta 1=1.35+or-0.25) correction-to-scaling terms.


Security is a key requirement in the context of the Internet of Things. The IoT is connecting many objects together via wireless and wired connections with the goal of allowing ubiquitous interaction, where all components may communicate with others without constraints. The wireless sensor network is one of the most essential elements of IoT concepts. Because of their unattended and radio-shared nature for communication, security is becoming an important issue. Wireless sensor nodes are susceptible to different types of attacks. Such attacks can be carried out in several various ways. One of the most commonly utilized methods is Jamming. However, there are also some other attack types that we need to be aware of, such as Tampering, Wormhole, etc. In this paper, we have provided an analysis of the layered IoT architecture. A detailed study of different types of Jamming attacks, in a wireless sensor network, is presented. The packet loss rate, energy consumption, etc. are calculated, and the performance analysis of the WSN system is achieved. The protocol chosen to evaluate the performance of the WSN is the S-MAC protocol. Different simulations are realized to evaluate the performance of a network attacked by the different types of Jamming attacks.


The main threats from heavy metals specifically arsenic-contaminated drinking water have been emerging as an environmental and social crucial issue. Herein, the arsenic (V) (As(V)) biosorption performance of waste orange peel (OP) driven-graphene-like porous carbon (GPC) was investigated experimentally and an artificial neural network (ANN) approach was used to model the biosorption process. The initial pH (2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0, 6.0, 7.0, 8.0, and 10.0), initial As(V) concentration (25.0, 50.0, 100.0, 250.0, 500.0 and 750.0 mg.L), biosorbent dosage (1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0 and 5.0 g.L), and contact time (0– 120.0 min) were investigated to optimize the biosorption process. The as-synthesized GPC biosorbents with a high specific surface area (985 m.g) and pore volume (1.04 cm.g) offered superior removal efficiency as 88.2% (equilibrium uptake capacity of 46.5 mg.g) at initial pH 6.0, initial As(V) concentration 100 mg.L, and biosorbent dosage 2.0 g.L. A three-layer ANN model was developed to forecast the Ar(V) biosorption performance of GPCs. Several experimental data points were considered as test data to validate the ANN model. The ANN model was performed with the Levengberg-Marquardt algorithm (LMA), linear transfer function (purelin) at the output layer, and a tangent sigmoid transfer function (tansig) in the hidden layer with 12 neurons. The values of coefficient of determination and mean squared error were calculated to be 0.9858 and 0.0014, respectively. The results revealed that the experimental data were in accordance with ANN-driven data as well as reveling the high accuracy of the ANN approach in estimating the target variable. The developed ANN model is useful for the optimization of process conditions for pilot-scale utilization of As(V) biosorption process by GPC.


Business performance measurement literature stated that traditional metrics based strictly on economic and financial perspectives are not longer adequate for the purpose of monitoring and evaluating business performance. Nowadays innovative performance measurement systems are needed to better understand the evolution of businesses. Because of emerging business models a modification and a deep impact on the definition of companies' boundaries occurs. Accordingly, the main aim of this paper is to offer a theoretical contribution to the definition of new and innovative performance metrics in the context of a dynamic industry such as airports. In this work, through the case study method, an innovative system to performance measurement is provided and the so-called "business model value creation ratio" is proposed. This specific approach encompasses simultaneously both shareholder perspective (quantitative-financial measures) and customer perspective (qualitative and non-financial measures).


blood ABSTRACT A spectrochemical study of the urine and blood of 14 subjects exposed to lead in thefr work for several years, but without obvious signs of intoxication, was carried out to de- termine the porphyrin and lead content before and after a provocative dose of 0.9 g. penicillamine, administered on a single day.The average total urinary porphyrin excretion before administration of penicil- lamine was 0.506 mg. per litre (normal value = 0.274), and after penidillamine administration 0.386 mg. per litre (normal value = 0.274). The average lead excretion before administration of penicillamine was less than 0.013 mg. per litre (normal value = 0.031) and after administration of penicillamine 0.367 mg. per litre (normal value = 0.047).Theaverage erythrocyte porphyrin content was 76.8 .g. % before and 76.95 .g. % after administration of penidillamine-values


When a traffic accident happened on the freeway,the lanes would be occupied by the accident vehicles.It would cause the transportation bottlenecks of the accident road,affecting the actual transportation capacity,and leading to vehicle delays and queue length increases in the accident road.In order to study the impacts of the freeway accidents on the traffic,through VISSIM simulation software,the models of the basic freeway and traffic accident section were estabhished to analyze the variation rules of vehicle delays and average queue length with time on the accident section under different traffic volume and proportions of carts.In addition,there was a study about the effective capacity under the traffic accident on domestic freeway as well.The results show that the more traffic volume input,the greater proportion of carts on the basic freeway,the longer duration would be occurred,and the more scope of area would be affected.Based on VISSIM simulation,the effective capacity ratios of domestic freeway were found.2tabs,5figs,11 refs.


Due to the rapid increases in current densities, wires, planar conductors and ground lines, become more and more vulnerable to electromigration. Future RF advanced packaging applications require new materials endowed of low electrical resistance, high reliability, chip-to-package interconnects, and improved thermal management. In this contribution, we introduce a multi-physics full-wave investigation of a CNT based interconnection bridging microstrips placed on different planar surface. The model include coupled i) electromagnetic, ii) quantum and iii) thermal analysis.


Auranofin (1), a phosphine gold(I) thiolate antiarthritic agent effective on oral administration, was labelled separately with 195Au, 32P and 35S. 195Au-labelled auranofin 19 was made from H195AuCl4.3H20via the intermediate chloro(triethylphosphine)gold-195Au (18). Auranofin -35S (23) was prepared using thiourea-35S. The synthetic routes for 19 and 23 were similar to those used for unlabelled 1. However, auranofin-32p (28) was made by the novel, direct coupling of the 1: complex (2,3,4,6-tetraO-acetyl-l-thio-β-D-glucopyranosato-S)gold (27) with 32p(C2H5)3 (26) synthesized from 32PCl3 (24). The labelled compounds were used in pharmacokinetic, tissue distribution and metabolism studies.


In the title compound, {[Mn2{(O2P(OCH3)2}3(C2H6SO)3(H2O)]NO3·H2O}n, the octahedral MnII ions form a polymeric chain, being bridged by both dimethyl sulfoxide molecules and dimethyl phosphate anions. A network of O—H⋯O hydrogen bonds helps to consolidate the crystal packing.


Rubber trees must mobilize a huge amount of carbon to regenerate the latex after tapping. Knowing the C sources and pathways towards latex will help managing tapping systems. We labelled 4y-old tapped rubber trees with 13 CO 2 and analyzed 13 C content in leaves, phloem, wood and latex during one year to determine the dynamics of C allocation. The peak of 13 C in latex 10-15 days after labelling in June indicated that newly assimilated C was mixed in a pool of reserves before being used to regenerate latex. The earlier (6-8 days) and much higher peak in October showed that when the regeneration metabolism was well established the transfer of recent assimilates was faster. In both cases 13 C was recovered more than 40 days after labelling, demonstrating the contribution of reserves. 13 C recovery in soluble sugars and quebrachitol, an important osmoticum, are followed-up to specify their dynamics. Keywords: carbon allocation , carbohydrates , latex regeneration , reserves , stable isotopes.


Nowadays, inappropriate land use and degradation of natural resources have led to increase of flood, soil erosion etc. In such critical conditions, an integrated planning in natural resource management with the goal of control, reclamation and conservation seems to be necessary and these kinds of purposes can be reached by an integrated watershed management. Comprehensive management of watersheds is a coordinated and harmonic management of physical, biological, social and economic systems, which provides conditions that minimize the negative impact on resources while safeguarding the interests of the community. In this research, in line with the goals of resource management, the impacts and consequences of physical, economic and ecological criteria on vegetation condition changes were evaluated with focus on elimination of flood and soil erosion issues in Nahrein watershed (with the area of 18800 ha located in Tabas). The evaluation was done by considering four management activities: management of grazing, planting, seeding, and sowing. The prioritization of the scenarios was carried out using analytical hierarchy process (AHP) technique. Then, based on the suggestions and comments from relevant experts, the evaluation of available options was done by pairwise comparison matrix method. After calculations, economic criteria was selected as the most important criteria and management activity of sowing and scenario No. 16 were introduced as the most appropriate reform plan and scenario for the study area which is selected based on available criteria


Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are used to treat major depressive disorder (MDD) and other psychiatric disorders (e.g., obsessive compulsive disorder, social anxiety disorder, and panic disorder). In MDD treatment, SSRIs do not show remission in approximately 30% of patients, indicating a need for a better treatment option. Forced swimming test (FST) is a behavioral assay to evaluate depression‐like behavior and antidepressant efficacy in rodents. In the present study, we evaluated the combination effect of brexpiprazole with SSRIs on FST in mice, in order to investigate their synergistic effect.


The purpose of this paper is to identify the use of firearms in the context of all violent deaths in Australia over the last ten years, the relative place of firearms as the means of suicide and homicide, the difficulties of assessing the impact of firea rm control on the level of violence, and to suggest avenues to overcome these difficulties. Graphs and tables trace these trends.


University is an important integrant of sci-tech innovation system of our country,and it is the cradle of culti-vating and producing high attainment talents.Cultivating innovative talents is the reforming target and developing direc-tion of high education.Edecation is crucial in realizing the revival of our nation.And the key of education is cultivating a large group of high quality innovative talents.Fully understand the importance of training innovative talents is the inher-ent requirement of a knowledge-based economy.


By now, Dagstuhl Castle in Germany is already well-known among computer scientists as a superb location for top-level seminars, in which the latest research results can be discussed in a laid-back atmosphere. Originally built in 1760, after serving most of its time as a manor house of a noble family it was converted into an old-age home run by Franciscan nuns in 1959, and was finally purchased by the state of Saarland, which opened the International Conference and Research Center for Computer Science Schloss Dagstuhl in 1990. Located in the wooded hills of the Saarland in central-western Germany, not far from the border to France and Luxemburg, the castle has a reclusive character, which makes outof-session socialization almost a necessity and accounts for the special flair of Dagstuhl seminars. From April 24 to April 29, 2005, 58 researchers from America, Asia, Australia, and Europe gathered there for Seminar 05171 "Nonmonotonic Reasoning, Answer Set Programming and Constraints," organized by Gerhard Brewka (University of Leipzig), Ilkka Niemelä (Helsinki University of Technology), Torsten Schaub (University of Potsdam), and Mirek Truszczynski (University of Kentucky). This was actually already the second seminar on this topic, the first one (Dagstuhl Seminar 02381) took place in September 2002.


Objective To observe the application effects of the Holter monitor by 75% ethanol and warm water.Methods 432 inpatients accepted normal holter monitor were randomly divided into the control group(n=216) and the observation group(n=216),the control group used 75% ethanol as cleaning agent while the observation group used warm water,then to compare patients image quality,skin allergy,comfort.Results The difference of image quality and skin allergy between observation group and the control one didn't give statistics meaning(P0.05);The patients comfort in observation was higher than the one in the control group(P0.001).Conclusions Using warm water as skin cleaning agent during holter monitor doesn't affect image quality,which can improve patients' comfort.


Purpose: This study assessed the congruency of a graduate physical education program's goals and objectives using the Importance-Performance Analysis (IPA) framework. The research aimed to identify strengths, weaknesses, and opportunities for improvement, ultimately enhancing curriculum and bridging the gap between academia and the physical education and sports industry.

Materials and Methods: a cross-sectional survey was conducted, utilizing a structured questionnaire distributed to 135 participants classified as internal and external stakeholders selected via purposive convenience sampling. The questionnaire was administered via Google Forms. The questionnaire consisted of items related to stakeholders' demographic profile, awareness, acceptability, and perceived levels of importance and performance of the goals and objectives of the program. Data analysis involved descriptive statistics, IPA, and Independent Samples T-test to determine varying perceptions among stakeholders.

Results: The findings indicated a substantial degree of awareness and acceptability of the program's goals and objectives among stakeholders. The study also revealed a strong alignment between the program objectives, graduate school objectives, and the university's vision and mission. However, certain discrepancies emerged concerning stakeholders' acceptability levels for specific objectives. With regard to the importance-performance analysis, the results highlighted the need for the organization to enhance its performance in producing graduates possessing advanced disciplinary content knowledge. Graduates should be equipped to examine and appreciate both traditional and contemporary theories, concepts, and models within their respective disciplines.

Conclusion: The study concludes that stakeholders have high awareness and acceptability of the preambular provisions of the university and the MPE program, but external stakeholders have lower awareness and acceptability. The congruency between program objectives and graduate school objectives, as well as the alignment between the university vision and graduate school vision and mission, suggests a well-designed and implemented program. Meanwhile, the importance-performance analysis highlights areas to improve, such as advanced disciplinary content, effective communication, and critical thinking and research skills. Enhancing communication and engagement strategies, monitoring alignment with stakeholder needs, and reassessing the importance of certain goals can improve the program's alignment with broader institutional goals and contribute to the university's overall success.


In the performance monitoring system of an aerocamera,it has to come through the communication between the test computer interface and the aerocamera one.In this paper,a new ARINC429 bus communication-card based on the DSP and CPLD technique is designed,and the design of software and hardware are introduced.By practicing,this card can accomplish the data style transduction and communication,exactly satisfying the demand of the performance monitoring system of aerocamera.


【Task】 The present invention relates to a method vacuum coating with very high deposition rates in uniformity and raw material yield of the high layer thickness, and to a device which realizes such a coating. A Retract the classical vacuum deposition, in order to overcome the existing contradiction between the raw material yield and coating speed in uniformity and other layer thickness at one, the substrate is substantially closed supplied by evaporation source forming a coating boundary of the chamber that is. All surfaces that are not to be walls and the coating of the coating chamber, as vapor is returned scattered to the coating chamber to not be able to condense, or non-stick coating is maintained at a certain temperature equipped with a. Thus, a very high vapor pressure in the coating chamber is created, as a result, the uniformity of the very high rate of condensation and the layer thickness on the substrate is obtained. The substrate, since the only surface which vapor can condense, the amount is very small material lost, the yield becomes extremely high. The use of pulsed operation of the evaporation source, it is possible to realize the coating of the short cycle. BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION Figure 1


This study examined Taylor's ideals and employees' know Performance, in all its guises, occurs across all organizations whether formally through an official organizational process or i importance, this study conducted a review of performance Abia State civil service. The study and employees in order to ensure of science (policy) being developed gaps which, if filled, will help both management scholars employee performance can be effectively


Objective:To improve the treatment of BPH coexisting bladder cancer.Methods:Retrospective analysis was performed in 72 patients with BPH coexisting bladder cancer,prostatectomy and partial cystectomy were performed in 21 cases,TURP and TURBt in 49 cases,radical total cystectomy in 2 cases.Results:BPH and bladder cancer were all cured in 61 cases,bladder cancer were recurred in 9 cases,recurrent rate was 12.5%,BPH were cured in 67 cases,cure rate was 93.1%.Conclusion:BPH coexisting bladder cancer should be treated by one time operation,relecting operation manner mainly depends on conditions of bladder canner


This chapter examines why The Conjuring was rated R for "terror" and the three most frightening moments in the film as exemplars of how director James Wan manipulates the audience and develops slow scares. It then contextualizes
The Conjuring with Wan's previous work and considers his collaborators. After a brief production history, the chapter considers the use of humor to offset and thus heighten
the horror. Lastly, the first chapter considers the importance of seeing in the film – film is a visual medium and The Conjuring plays around with the idea of what you can and cannot see and which is scarier.


Objective: To explore the characteristic of diagnosis and treatment of acupuncture and moxibustion for chronic noninfectious diarrhea.Methods: we searched the literatures related to chronic noninfectious diarrhea treated by acupuncture and moxibustion in CNKI(1979-2011),VIP(1989-2011),CBM(1979-2011),PUBMED(1966-2011),then summarized the clinical characteristics of syndrome differentiation,acupuncture points selection method,acupuncture frequency,course of treatment and treatment effect in treating chronic noninfectious diarrhea by acupuncture and moxibustion.Results: In the collected 19 articles,the percentage of acupuncture points selection method by differentiation of disease was 63.16%(12/19).The main acupuncture points chose in the 19 articles in the frequency order are Zusanli(ST-36.18/19,94.74%),Tianshu(ST-25.17/19,89.47%),Guanyuan(CV-4.10/19,52.63%),Zhongwan(CV-12.9/19,47.37%),Pishu(BL-20.8/19,42.11%);the percentage of Zusanli(ST-36) and Tianshu(ST-25) used together was 57.89%(11/19);the percentage of treating frequency of once a day was 73.68%(14/19);57.89%(11/19) cases were treated ten times a therapy course and 52.63%(10/19) accepted 2 therapy course;36.84%(7/19) cases didn't have interval days between two treatment courses.Finally,The effective percentage proved by random control trials literatures can reach or exceed 90.00%.Conclusion: In treating chronic noninfectious diarrhea by acupuncture and moxibustion,acupuncture points selection by disease differentiation is the common method.The main acupuncture points applied in chronic noninfectious diarrhea are Tianshu(ST-25),Zusanli(ST-36),Guanyuan(CV-4),Zhongwan(CV-12),Pishu(BL-20);Zusanli(ST-36) and Tianshu(ST-25) used together was common.In clinical practice for treating chronic noninfectious diarrhea by acupuncture and moxibustion,once a day,ten times a therapy course for 2 treatment courses without interval days was regular and wide use,meanwhile,for improving the clinical symptoms of chronic noninfectious diarrhea,acupuncture and moxibustion had a good short-term effect.


(57) The invention provides a heat dissipation apparatus comprising a plurality of fans having a plurality of blades. When A plurality of fans is assembled, the plurality of blades are arranged in the hub around which constitute the heat dissipation apparatus, the two adjacent overlapped areas formed between the blades appear. According to this design, effectively increase the number of fan blades, the size, it is possible to improve the heat dissipation effect.


While multicollinearity weakens statistical power, the presence of correlation among predictors (multicollinearity) violates no assumptions of the standard linear regression model. This fact has led many scholars to conclude that multicollinearity poses no problems to valid statistical inference when significant results are obtained. While this conclusion is correct when all regression assumptions are perfectly met, multicollinearity can exacerbate problems associated with model misspecification or measurement error. In this paper, I use Monte Carlo simulations to demonstrate the effect of multicollinearity on type I errors (false positives) when nonlinearities are incorrectly modeled and when classical measurement error is present in some of the predictors. I conclude by offering a set of practical suggestions to applied researchers who encounter multicollinearity in their data.


In this paper, we consider a biological community consisting of p competing subcommunities, such that each subcommunity, in isolation, behaves as a cooperative system. Assuming that the Jacobian matrix is "uniformly stable", we prove that our system is globally asymptotically stable. We also prove a result about persistence, if each subcommunity is globally asymptotically stable. Finally, for p = 2, we use a comparison result by H. L. Smith to prove the existence of a coexistence state.


There is ample evidence that while the ratio of contributions to their consumption is indeed small, the growth in content provision in social media persists at levels that are hard to understand if analyzed from a public goods point of view.Our studies show that the puzzle is explained by the fact that those contributing to the digital commons perceive it as a private good rather a public one, in which payment for their efforts is in the form of the attention that their content gathers in the form of media quotes, downloads or news clicked on.


Objective To observe the association of vesicular glutamate transporter of typeⅠ (VGluT1 ) like immunoreactive(LI) ,the differentiation-associated Na+ dependent inorganic phosphate cotransporter(DNPI) LI and glutami cacid decarboxy lase(GAD) LI terminals with GABAA receptor α3 subunit(GABAAR α3) LI neurons in mesencephalic trige minal nucleus of the rat.Methods Triple immun of luorescencehis to chemical staining technique and confo call aser scanning micros copy were used.Results Alargenumber of neuronal cell bodies showed GABAA Rα3 LI immunoreactivity atallrostrocaudal level softhe Vme ,and most of GABAAR α3 LI cells were large (2 5 5 0 μm)pseudouni polarneurons.The dense VGluT1 LI,DNPL LI and GAD LIterminal sdistri buted widelyin Vme ,some VGlu T1 DNPI LI and GAD LIterminals surrounded the somata of the GABAAR α3 LI Vmeneurons ,and made close contacts with them .Conclusion Proprioceptive sensory signals from the or of acialregionmight be modulated at the level of the primary afferent cell bodies in the Vme both by glutamatergic and GABAergic axonal terminals from other brain areas,and the effect of GABAergic terminals might be mediated by post synaptical GABAA receptors .


In given article the interrelation of actual feed at pregnant women and parameters of iron exchange at mothers and children is considered. 138 pregnant women, 118 puerperases and their newborn children have been surveyed. Middle age of women has made 27,6 years. Daily average consumption of proteins, fats, carbohydrates and energy value have made 72 g/day, 77 g/day, 240 g/day, 1939 g/day, accordingly. Daily average consumption of iron has made 14,7 g/day. Under laboratory analyses the low number of er-hytrocytes, hemoglobin, hematocrit, MCV, ININ, INI at pregnant women was marked. At puerperases and newborn children the number of erhytrocytes, hemoglobin, hematocrit has been lowered.


In the presented paper charging of battery programmed to scale down charging loss occurred in a Li-ions battery for Electric Vehicle (EVs) has been investigated. This suggested adaptive-current analysis depends on the deviation of internal resistance of the battery is employed for this suggested charging programmed as an objective of the charge rate and (SOC) State of Charge. To locate the issues for searching the ideal current set of suggested schemes, an Evolutionary Algorithm (EA) is a form of problematic access, is enforced. A plan for choosing the number of the ideal charging intervals is also conferred, to obtain a settlement among the computational burden and loss minimization. The prime objective of this proposed strategy is to reduce the charging losses and to enhance efficiency through varying internal resistance of battery as well as by employing PWM switching for converters.


AbstractThe purpose of this study is to see how technology is presented in different fictional picture books that are available in preschool. Six fictional picture books that have connection to tec ...


Deep ultraviolet (absorption edge 6.2 eV) nonlinear optical (NLO) materials are of current interest owing to their technological applications and materials design challenges. Technologically, the materials are used in laser systems, atto-second pulse generation, semiconductor manufacturing, and photolithography. Designing and synthesizing a deep UV NLO material requires crystallographic non-centrosymmetry, a wide UV transparency range, a large second-harmonic generating coefficient (dij > 0.39 pm/V), moderate birefringence (Δn ∼ 0.07), chemical stability and resistance to laser damage, and ease in the growth of large high-quality single crystals. This review examines the known deep UV NLO materials with respect to their crystal structure, band gap, SHG efficiency, laser damage threshold, and birefringence. Finally, future directions with respect to new deep UV NLO materials are discussed.


Objective: To study the chemical constituents of the fruits of Acanthopanax sessiliflorus(Ruqr.et Maxim)Seem.Method:The methods of solvent extraction,silica gel column,Sephadex LH-20 column and recrystallizition were used for the isolation and spectroscopy methods were used for the structure identification.Results:6 compounds were isolated.They were identified as chiisanogenin(1),scopoletin(2),daucosterol palmitate(3),scopolin(4),succinate(5),galactitol(6).Conclusion:Compounds 3,5 and 6 were isolated from the fruits of Acanthopanax sessiliflorus(Ruqr.et Maxim)Seem.for the first time.


Although it is clear that the central nervous system (CNS) can undergo damage by exposure to reactive oxidant species (ROS), the source of the damaging molecules is not always apparent. The CNS, like other tissues, contains a variety of cellular mechanisms that are capable of generating both reactive oxygen and reactive nitrogen species, including autooxidation of molecules such as nor-epinephrine and dopamine as well as the action of specific enzymes such as xanthine oxidase or nitric oxide ~ynthase .~J .~-~ However, one potentially important source of ROS has been generally overlooked, that is, the production of ROS by the CNS macrophage, the microglia. Microglia were originally described by del Rio Hortega6 in 1932 and were correctly identified at that time as a CNS-specific component of the reticule endothelial system of the body. Like other tissue macrophages, the microglia generate superoxide anion and nitric oxide as part of their normal function. Nitric oxide is produced by the action of a cytosolic enzyme known as the inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), while superoxide anion is produced by a membrane-bound NADPH o x i d a ~ e . ~ * ~ . ~ ~ The release of these reactive oxidants from microglia can be important to the CNS for two primary reasons: (1) microglia are distributed in a matrixlike arrangement throughout all regions of the CNS,9.l0 and (2) the generation of reactive oxidants by microglia can be induced under a variety of conditions, including injury and i n f l a m m a t i ~ n . ~ ~ ~ ~ Microglia, therefore, not only generate significant quantities of reactive oxidants but are also in an ideal position to promote oxidative damage to neurons and other glia. In order to understand how microglia contribute to changes in the oxidative environment of the CNS, we have examined the regulation of superoxide anion and nitric oxide production by cultured microglia. Microglia were prepared from a mixed glial culture of neonatal rat cerebral cortices as previously de~cr ibed .~ lJ~ Cells were grown at 37°C in Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium (DMEM) supplemented with 10% fetal calf serum, 1 mM glutamine, and 25 pg/ml gentamycin for 14 days. On day 14, the microglia were separated from the mixed glial culture by shaking, the


Isgur has shown that some properties of the weak neutral current can be studied by investigating a nuclear Jπ = 0− ↔ 0+ transition. We have used the (p,n) reaction on targets of 42Ca and 46Ti to populate states in the self-conjugate nuclei 42Sc and 46V in a search for a Jπ = 0− isomer. The possible production of the isomer was probed by searching for long-lived β+-and γ-ray activities. For each nucleus our results indicate that the yield of a 0− isomeric state is < 10−3 of that for the ground state.


Based on electrical and magnetic properties, such as saturation magnetization, initial permeability, and coercivity, in this work are presented some considerations about the possibilities of applications of nanocrystalline alloys in toroidal cores for current transformers. It is discussed how the magnetic characteristics of the core material affect the performance of the current transformer. From the magnetic characterization and the computational simulations, using the finite element method (FEM), it has been verified that, at the typical CT operation value of flux density, the nanocrystalline alloys properties reinforce the hypothesis that the use of these materials in measurement CT cores can reduce the ratio and phase errors and can also improve its accuracy class.


A cooperative study was started in July 1975, sponsored by the Division of Blood Diseases, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health. The study includes 11 cooperating Centers throughout the United States as well as a computer center. All patients with Factor VIII coagulant levels below 0.10 u/ml (or even higher, if transfused often) are eligible for entry. Currently more than 1200 patients have been entered, including more than 200 with Factor VIII inhibitors. General information concerning the natural history of hemophilia is being collected, including a comparison of severity assessed clinically and in the laboratory, the incidence and degree of liver dysfunction, HBsAg positivity, and hypertension. More than 200 patients with Factor VIII inhibitors have been identified, falling clearly into categories of "strong" and "weak" antibody producers. More than 200 treatment episodes have been documented in inhibitor patients, over 100 treated with Factor VIII and an equal number treated with Factor IX concentrates. Among the latter, some 20% have resulted in secondary rises in Factor VIII antibody titer. A controlled, blinded study of the efficacy of several Factor IX concentrates will begin shortly, and should be completed within a year.


Dynamics of phytoplankton communities were investigated at five stations in Youngsan River from December 1995 to November 1996. Phytoplankton were identified to the total of 466 taxa, which were composed of 136 genera, 438 species, 27 varieties and 1 forma. The standing crops ranged 1,163-50,765 cells during the investigation periods. The variation of classes was in order to Chrysophyceae - Bascillariophyceae - Chlorophyceae at St. 1 and was only Bacillariophyceae at the other stations. The dominant species were 12 taxa including Aulacoseira ambigua, A. garnulata, Cyclotella meneghiniana, C. pseudostelligera, Chlorella vulgaris, Dinobryon sertularia, Flagilaria elliptica, Monoraphidium contortum, Micractinium pusillum, Nitzschia palea, Scenedesmus grahneisii and Stephanodiscus hantzschii f. tenuis. The standing crops of dominant species ranged from 10.6% to 94.7%. The genus Dinobryon in Chrysophyceae was dominant species at St. 1 in December 1995, but not recorded in the other months. The dominant species were composed with the planktonic diatoms from winter to spring and were the tychoplanktonic and the benthic species at St. 2-5 from summer to fall. The relationships between total standing crops and water temperature, pH, , , and showed low positive or negative coefficients. Stephanodiscus hantzschii f. tenuis had low positive or negative coefficients with water temperature, , , and . The fluctuations of standing crops in the Youngsan river phytoplankton community were not caused by a single factor but controlled by the complex factors with interaction between phytoplankton community and envirowmental factors.


s / International Journal of Infectious Diseases 53S (2016) 4–163 47 IntestiPhage, and staphylococcal bacteriophage) and laboratory phages were used for susceptibility testing. Results: The best results were demonstrated for S. aureus strains with 96-98% of isolates being susceptible to the staphylococcal phage preparation. Commercial phages revealed high activity against Acinetobacter strains (∼94%), Enterococcus spp. (∼84%), E. coli (∼87%), and Klebsiella spp. (∼90%) clinical isolates. The clinical strains, resistant to commercial phages were tested against laboratory phages. The laboratory phages reveal 97-100% lytic activity against the isolates. Conclusion: The growing problem of antibiotic-resistance in combination with the environmental burden caused by the unrestricted use of antibiotics, provides sufficient motivation for developing alternative solutions to bacterial infections. Bacteriophage treatment of various bacterial infections, including those that are caused by antibiotic-resistant bacteria, is considered a reliable and effective treatment approach. Selection and preparation of specific phages, active against multidrug resistant pathogens is an effective tool to eradicate and treat infections, caused by those pathogens. Use of phages can also decrease the distribution and spread of antibiotic-resistance in medical settings and various environments. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijid.2016.11.121


With the global financial crisis coming to a long awaited, though slow, end and the Fifa Soccer World Cup in 2014 and the Summer Olympic Games in 2016 having been awarded to Brazil in 2009, 2010 holds many challenges and an ever–diversifying environment in which a Brazilian firm needs to formulate and implement a competitive strategy.
Over the last couple of years, Brazil has been a focus point for investors seeking high growth; however, the complex business environment has been a thorn in many international and national firms' side.
With this complex environment as the starting point and many new opportunities as the future focus, Brazilian firms need to find accurate and relevant information about their environment, the markets, their competitors and their clients in order to choose the best strategy for the achievement of the overall goal of any company - increasing the wealth of the shareholder.
The overall objective of this study is thus to use corporate planning tools to evaluate the internal and external environment of BAF Ltda in order to ensure that the best strategy is chosen and adopted so as to make the most of the opportunities that the coming years will bring.
The planning tools utilised in this study are the SWOT and PEST analysis. Both have formed part of the strategic planning process of many firms over the past century and have proved to be a key part in putting together the information needed from which to build a sustainable strategy. This study evaluates both of these planning tools and applies them to the chosen company for this case study.
Following on the corporate appraisal of the PEST and SWOT techniques, generic strategies are evaluated and suggested based on the information gathered through the analyses.


We take advantage of a 2017 change in tax rules in the U.S. to re-examine whether CEOs are rewarded for luck. We examine the effect of tax gains and losses associated with deferred tax assets and liabilities on CEO compensation around the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (TCJA) of 2017. Relative to other years, we find that less visible firms compensated their CEOs more for one-time tax windfall gains during the TCJA-transition period. We also find that the effect is primarily observed in the short-term compensation of CEOs, which suggests that the motivation for this pay was not to align managerial incentives with long-term value creation. Further, we find evidence in support of pay asymmetry; CEOs of less visible firms were compensated more for tax windfall gains but were not compensated less for tax windfall losses. Taken together, the results are consistent with rent-extraction by CEOs of less visible firms. JEL Classification: G30; H25; J33.


. In this paper we attempt to clarify the theoretical links between the concepts of "center of gravity" and "point of maximum population density" which describe the present, and the concepts of "minimum of the comprehensive Weber problem" and "maximum comprehensive gravity potential" which guide the future. Critical values of the characteristic parameters of the relevant functions are estimated. Implications for the understanding of spatial inertia are discussed.


THE EMPLOYMENT SITUATION for physicists is at present in a state of imbalance, with supply exceeding demand, and there is no evidence for any rapid improvement. The facts, opinions and causes surrounding the employment problem have been and will continue to be explored by the Education and Manpower Division of the American Institute of Physics. Surveys of recently employed PhD's, employers and graduate and undergraduate students, plus data collected by the AIP Placement Service, gauge the current job market and foresee future difficulties.


The iconography of Han Dynasty pictorial cycles has become a subject of some interest to historians of early Chinese art. Such pictorial cycles or programs consist of series of related or unrelated scenes from history, legend, and daily life. The problem posed by such iconographic cycles is one of interpretive method. Should these scenes be taken as relating specifically to the lives of the persons they honor or should they be viewed more simply in terms of the general context of Han life? Is there any alternative to these two views? My feeling is that there is an alternative, one which suggested itself after a close examination of the intimately tied group of offering shrines referred to by the catch-all Wu Liang T'zu . I will argue below that the iconographic cycle designed for the earliest of the three reconstructed shrines at this site was adhered to in the later ones whose architectural structure is similar though more elaborate, but that the iconographic specificity of the earliest shrine was substantially generalized in the others.


Due to a wide range of applications, wireless sensor networks (WSNs) have recently attracted a lot of interest to the researchers. Limited computational capacity and power usage are two major challenges to ensure security in WSNs. Recently, more secure communication or data aggregation techniques have discovered. So, familiarity with the current research in WSN security will benefit researchers greatly. In this paper, security related issues and challenges in WSNs are investigated. We identify the security threats and review proposed security mechanisms for WSNs. Moreover, we provide a brief discussion on the future research direction in WSN security.


A method based on a 66-year numerical weather and wave hindcast is developed to optimize a climate index based on the sea level pressure (SLP) that best explains winter wave height variability along the coast of western Europe, from Portugal to UK (36–52°N). The resulting so-called Western Europe Pressure Anomaly (WEPA) is based on the sea level pressure gradient between the stations Valentia (Ireland) and Santa Cruz de Tenerife (Canary Islands). WEPA outscores by 25–150% the other leading atmospheric modes in explaining winter-averaged significant wave height. WEPA is also the only index capturing the 2013/2014 extreme winter, characterised by a succession of large storms throughout the winter season and causing widespread coastal erosion and flooding in Western Europe. More detail can be found in the recently published study of Castelle et al. (2017).


Various claims have been made in the developmental literature about the relationship between language and categorisation in children. Drawing on the notion of the domain-specificity of cognition, the paper reviews evidence on the effect of language in the classification of and reasoning about categories from different domains. The review looks at the anthropological, infant classification, and preschool categorisation literature. Overall, the analyses suggest that the causal nature and inductive power of animal categories seem to be the least influenced by linguistic and cultural factors, of artifact categories the most, and of human categories somewhere in between these other two kinds. Some gaps on the evidence reviewed are noted and possible theoretical accounts of the emerging pattern are discussed.


The energy spectra and angular distributions of ..cap alpha.. particle emitted from /sup 12/C-induced reactions with /sup 159/Tb, Ag, and /sup 89/Y targets have been measured. Meanwhile the emitted deutron's angular distributions with /sup 159/Tb and /sup 89/Y targets and proton's with /sup 89/Y target have been also obtained. The ..cap alpha..-energy spectra associated with the above-mentioned reactions have bell-like shape with probable energy near the Coulomb barrier. However, the main characteristic of the ..cap alpha..-angular distribution for /sup 159/Tb and Ag targets is peaked at or near the grazing angles. For the case of /sup 89/Y target, ..cap alpha..-differential cross sections monotonically decrease with angles beyond 40/sup 0/. The angular distributions of protons and deutrons nearly decrease exponentially. The measured ..cap alpha..-angular distributions could be divided into two components, one coming from ..cap alpha.. evaporation is isotropic, another is anisotropic. The anisotropic component may be explained by incomplete-fusion process in which the cross section can be reproduced by a ''sum-rule model'' due to J. Wilczynski. In order to explain the anisotropic component of emitted ..cap alpha.. particle, we propose incomplete fusion model with a strong-damped sticking rotation, in which the rotation angles and interaction time of the composite systemmore » are also estimated.« less


Tetanolysin produced similar rates of leakage of K+ and hemoglobin from erythrocytes. When studied by using cholesterol-containing black lipid membranes, this hemolysin induced conductance steps with a broad frequency distribution. These findings are inconsistent with the formation of structural channels and suggest that tetanolysin acts by causing lipid perturbations.


The fundamental objective of this work was to identify the learning styles of first-year students in the degree of Building Construction at the University of Seville in Spain. The existent relationship between student's self-assessment of their own knowledge in four basic courses and their scores, the influence of their learning style on their performance, and whether or not there was a relationship between the scores obtained in related first-year courses were studied. To this end, a cross-sectional methodological design, ex post-facto was used, utilizing correlational and descriptive methods. The Honey-Alonso Learning Styles Questionnaire (CHAEA), a demographic and self-evaluation questionnaire was provided, and the scores analyzed. Predominance of the reflective style and a lack of correlation between self-assessment and scores, except for Mathematics were observed. It was also found that student's behavior according to the styles was variable depending on the different courses. This indicates that, to improve academic performance, the development of in-class strategies that include all learning styles is necessary.


Provided is a download system capable of appropriately spreading loads on a server and on a transmission path, and further enhancing convenience in download of data. A reservation candidate acquirer 14 of communication terminal 10 acquires from a software managing server 30 reservation candidate information containing time information about time zones as candidates to which a reservation for download of an update file can be allocated. At the communication terminal 10 a user selects a reserved time zone from the time zones corresponding to the time information included in the reservation candidate information, and the software managing server 30 registers the reservation in the reserved time zone. Since the reserved time zone can be selected from the candidate time zones transmitted by the software managing server 30 in this manner, the system becomes more convenient. Since the candidate time zones are determined based on a reservation table set so as to spread loads on the software managing server 30 and on the transmission path, it is feasible to appropriately spread the loads on the software managing server 30 and on the transmission path.


To predict the consequences of environmental change on the biodiversity of alpine wetlands, it is necessary to understand the relationship between soil properties and vegetation biodiversity. In this study, we investigated spatial patterns of aboveground vegetation biomass, cover, species diversity, and their relationships with soil properties in the alpine wetlands of the Gannan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture of on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, China. Furthermore, the relative contribution of soil properties to vegetation biomass, cover, and species diversity were compared using principal component analysis and multiple regression analysis. Generally, the relationship between plant biomass, coverage, diversity, and soil nutrients was linear or unimodal. Soil pH, bulk density and organic carbon were also significantly correlated to plant diversity. The soil attributes differed in their relative contribution to changes in plant productivity and diversity. pH had the highest contribution to vegetation biomass and species richness, while total nitrogen was the highest contributor to vegetation cover and nitrogen–phosphorus ratio (N:P) was the highest contributor to diversity. Both vegetation productivity and diversity were closely related to soil properties, and soil pH and the N:P ratio play particularly important roles in wetland vegetation biomass, cover, and diversity.


In the Forest Owners Association annual report of 1973, the then Minister of Forestry commented that 'the average rate of afforestation will have to be increased to at least 50 000 ha per annum'. In the same year, the Minister announced the commencement of the Green Heritage Campaign with one of its objectives being to draw the Public's attention to the importance of timber production and to promote the planting of trees. In 2004, two independent reports (by Louis Heyl & Associates and Crickmay and Associates) predicted significant shortages of timber over the next 20 years and both implied the need for increased productivity from existing plantations and for new afforestation to meet the increasing demands. Yet in the last 20 years new afforestation has only averaged 2500 ha per year. South Africa has a limited land-use area that is suitable for growing trees. Much of this limitation is driven by competition for water, a scarce resource in what is essentially a semi-arid country. This has resulted in a reduction in the area currently under plantation forests, through withdrawal of production areas to accommodate conservation areas, especially those associated with wetlands and riparian zones, and through competition with other land uses. This means that the current area is likely to shrink even further and yet the demands for forest products continues to increase. Plantation forestry remains an attractive land use, both from an economic perspective through the production of costeffective wood and from a sustainable development perspective through the generation of jobs in rural areas. The forest industry directly employs over 100 000 people and if one considers that all of plantation forestry is practised in rural areas where rural livelihoods are dependent on forestry, this industry plays a significant role in rural economies. Although plantation forestry has been part of the South African landscape for almost a century and still contributes significantly to the economy, the challenges facing the industry seem to have grown dramatically over the past 20 years. Recent reports on demand for forest products in South Africa point to significant increases in current production from our managed plantation forests (Louis Heyl and Associates; Crickmay and Associates). This takes into account a projected growth in our economy of 4% per annum and a population growth of 1.7% per annum. These will drive a huge increase in demand for infrastructure, much of which is dependent on products derived from plantation forests. Global climate change is no longer just a theory of scientists. Recent reports show that this is a reality and one that will affect the South African forest industry in the relatively near future. Estimates from a recent study show a likely increase in mean annual temperatures of 2–6°C. This is also likely to be accompanied by a reduction in mean annual precipitation of around 10%. In general, the predictions are for a warmer and drier climate. The impact of pests and diseases increased exponentially in recent years. Since the outbreaks of Sirex and Fusarium in the 1990s, new pests and diseases are being reported annually and there appear to be more in the pipeline. Are we sitting on a time bomb waiting to explode? Will the effects of climate change exacerbate the situation further? The business measures have changed from essentially a cost-accounting framework to one that is based on all three aspects of sustainable development (environmental, social and economic), the so-called triple bottom line. Although the economic aspects remain the most important, shareholders, customers and governments are demanding a greater emphasis on the environmental and social aspects of sustainable development. Sustainability in the broadest sense is a critical issue to business success. The South African government's Land Reform and Broad-based Black Economic Empowerment (BBBEE) policies place further pressure on a shrinking plantation area from which to supply forest products. In both cases, the concern is not of changing land ownership, but rather land currently under plantation forestry being converted to other land uses resulting in a shrinking areain which to grow trees. The Forest Charter and its associated criteria around the scorecards will no doubt pose challenges to the forest industry. The forest industry is highly regulated, through the forest and water legislation, environmental legislation, people legislation and a plethora of broad legislation that affects forestry directly. Compliance with all legislation, a requirement from the forest certification bodies, will add further costs to growing trees. These are some of the major challenges that stakeholders in the tree-growing business face. Yet, the options for growth in the forestry industry remain positive. The role of research and its application is a key factor in addressing many of these challenges. Despite mounting pressures, the South African forest industry continues to take a positive view of the future. This is reflected in significant capital projects that have been initiated in the past two years, to upgrade current processing capacity in the pulp and paper sector and to install new capacity in the composite and solid wood sectors. Forestry remains a technology-based industry, both at the raw material supply side and in the processing sector, and technology is likely to play an even greater role in the future.


Secular variation (SV) of the Earth's magnetic field can be used for dating purposes by comparing archeomagnetic directions of unknown ages with a well-dated reference curve. In this study, we propose a dating technique based on the statistics of McFadden and McElhinny [Geophys. J. Int. 103 (1990) 725] for testing the hypothesis that two Fisherian distributions of individual directions share a common mean direction. The statistics are adapted to test the degree of compatibility between one individual Fisherian mean direction and a reference curve constructed using the bivariate extension of the Fisher distribution. Furthermore, as the density of the data which define the archeomagnetic reference curve varies in time, we suggest that one computes the mean directions with moving windows of varying duration, where both the window widths and the time shifts between successive mean directions are fixed when a minimum threshold density of data is reached within each time interval. In our paper, we apply this new procedure to the French archeomagnetic data set. © 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.


Framework trustworthiness is a cardinal segment of info security. It guarantees that info frameworks work inside some attractive points of confinement. Web security dangers, for example, malicious piece of code what's more, exceptionally malevolent projects are on the ascent, bringing about the need for broad research endeavours to create components that can counter different dangers. Malicious piece of code Sandbox investigation is a successful system having gotten recommendations as a potential arrangement. When utilizing Malicious piece of code Sandbox examination, tests of malicious piece of code are accomplished to decide their practices. The consequences of this activity are then recorded for ensuing examination. This paper initially will clarify the idea of malicious piece of code, at that point talk about the accessible techniques to distinguish and control different malicious piece of code exercises.Finally, it will investigate the general Sandbox course of action, with a vital importance on a novel directed malevolent bit of code area technique using Sandbox-evasion rehearses as a street to distinguishing, assuaging or altogether avoiding the malignant bit of code.


The findings draw on independent research conducted in the aftermath of the Macpherson Report of 1999 and are based on in-depth interviews with African Caribbean and South Asian officers in five British police services. Serving officers offer their frequently contrasting views on the underrecruitment of ethnic minority officers and their experiences in the police force and beyond. While many question whether increasing the recruitment of ethnic minority officers would make the widely-assumed positive impact in reducing racism, others maintain that it would; but they believe persistent habitual racist practices by white officers serves as the most formidable impediment to recruitment. Reasons are offered for this persistent racism. It is proposed that the trend towards assessing occupational performance in the police has had the unintended consequence of promoting racial profiling, or selecting ethnic minority groups for unfair treatment. Ethnic minority police officers are subject to racist abuse as a way of 'testing' them. They believe that, if they protest against either their own treatment or that of ethnic minority civilians, they may damage their careers. This perception acts as a deterrent to challenging racism in police work and contributes towards its continuation.


Lipomas are benign neoplasms of adipose tissue presenting several histologic variants, which can be rarely found in the oral cavity. We present a case of a 62-year-old woman with a submucous nodule located in the tongue. Histopathological examination revealed an encapsulated tumor composed of myxoid tissue, spindle cells and mature adipocytes in transition to cartilaginous tissue. The final diagnosis was spindle-cell lipoma with myxoid change and chondroid differentiation. No sign of recurrence was found after five years. The diagnosis of intraoral mesenchymal lesions with chondroid differentiation requires careful histologic examination, mainly to differentiate between benign and malignant lesions.


This paper deals with the existence of Hopf invariant manifolds, which is defined as the periodic invariant manifolds, for the high dimensional discrete dynamical systems. Via studying the eigenvalue structure at fixed points and using Fredholm theory, we directly prove the existence of asymptotic solutions of bifurcation equations, which leads to the Hopf invariant manifolds for the high dimensional maps.


Multimedia-assisted instruction functions not only for what it can do,but what convenience it can create.While the former function directs the development of research in multimedia-assisted instruction,the latter one determines how the multimedia-assisted instruction is to move forward.In reality,researchers and supervisors often show too much concerns with the former function.On the other hand,the practitioners are liable to depend too much on the latter one.As a result,the effect of multimedia-assisted instruction can not satisfy the public anticipation,additionally considering the lack of necessary communication between the three parties.To tackle this problem,the researchers should adapt their research to help facilitate the practices,and the practitioners should give more emphasis on the instructional effect.In this way,a positive relationship between researchers and practitioners could be established.The supervisors also need to change in order to help the implementation of multimedia-assisted instruction.


For the past nine years, the Office of Device Evaluation of the FDA's Center for Devices and Radiological Health has been working on the mammoth task of sorting all the medical devices that were on the market as of 1976 into three classes and regulating their use. According to Robert L. Sheridan, the office's associate director, about half the job is completed. The office has designated 16 medical disciplines and written final regulations for thousands of devices, from the simplest to the most complex, used in nine of those disciplines. Regulations have been proposed for the remaining seven. At the same time, the office's 190 employees—about 110 scientists and 80 administrative and secretarial staff—continue to process about 9,000 documents per year dealing with new devices. They review proposed clinical investigations and decide whether a new device can legally go to market. "We produce paper here," Sheridan says. "We're a manufacturing


The utility model relates to an integrated structure of a lamp socket and a ballast, which comprises a hollow seat body and a ballast circuit assembly sealed inside the hollow seat body. The hollow seat body comprises a lamp socket which is suitable for inserting a compact fluorescent tube and a fixing mechanism which is separated from the lamp socket; when the compact fluorescent tube is arranged on the lamp socket, the compact fluorescent tube is in electrical connection with the ballast circuit assembly; the fixing mechanism fixes the integrated structure of a lamp socket and a ballast on a lamp, a wall or a ceiling; the hollow seat body is substantially preferred to be a hollow circular cylinder, a flat polygon shape, a tetragonal body, and a flat tetragonal body; the fixing mechanism is a screw hole. The integrated structure of a lamp socket and a ballast also comprises a switch which is arranged on the hollow seat body.


Previously published studies have shown that women who are underweight during pregnancy and those who have poor weight gain during pregnancy are at increased risk of delivering low-birthweight infants. Low body weight is also associated with amenorrhea. To determine if …


Mycorrhiza fungi produce the enzyme phosphatase and are able to release phosphate from Fe Al and Ca, so that phosphate can be absorbed by plants. Various type of P fertilizer contains of different P2O5 content and having a different character of P availability. To find out the ability of mycorrhizae fungi to dissolve P from various P sources on different location of latosol type of soil, a study was carried out using several P sources: guano, Morrocan natural phosphate (NP), Blora NP, and SP-36 fertilizer on latosol soil type from Pasar Jumat and Cikabayan. This study aims to examine the ability of mycorrhizae to increase P absorption, growth and yield of sorghum plants and determine the efficiency of P fertilizer, the contribution of P derived from various P sources mycorrhizal activity and P sources (natural phosphate and SP-36) in sorghum plants by using P isotope technique. The P isotope technique is used to fractionated the contribution of P derived from mycorrhizal activity, natural phosphate and SP-36 fertilizer and to study its impact of the efficiency of P fertilization on sorghum plant. Results of the study on latosol soils from


This article discusses the important aspects of youth extremism as a sociopsychological and sociocultural phenomenon of the modern society. Describing the major factors and features of the manifestation of youth extremism, the author emphasizes the features of this phenomenon in the contemporary sociocultural, political and socioeconomic situations. It is shown that the spread of youth extremism has its own characteristics and reasons. In a systemic crisis of the society, this phenomenon is threatening the safety factor not only in one country, but also in other countries, it threatens the entire world community.


The subject of Ngo et al.s review has been in the news since the 1960s: has exposure to Agent Orange sprayed in Vietnam between 1962 and 1971 or its dioxin contaminant 2378-tetrachlorodibenzodioxin (or TCDD) resulted in an increased incidence of congenital malformations in Vietnam? Since 1983 there have been a number of Vietnamese conference presentations which support the belief that Agent Orange exposure is linked to birth defects in Vietnam. However committee Reports of the US Institute of Medicine of the National Academy of Sciences published as biennial reviews since 1994 the most recent of which is Veterans and Agent Orange Update 2004 conclude that with the exception of spina bifida and anencephaly the published peer-reviewed literature does not convincingly support an association between herbicide or dioxin exposure and birth defects in humans. (excerpt)


In 1972, Angela Carter translated Xaviere Gauthier's ground-breaking feminist critique of the surrealist movement, Surrealisme et sexualite (1971). Although the translation was never published, the ...


Objective To investigate the protective effect of pretreatment with Shenfu injectio(SFI)on myocardium against ischemia-reperfusion(I/R)injury in diabetic rabbits.Methods Forty healthy adult male rabbits weighing 2.4-3.2 kg were used in this study.Type I diabetes mellitus was induced by intravenous alloxan 120 mg·kg~(-1) and confirmed by fasting blood glucose>11.1 mmol·L~(-1).The animals were randomly divided into 5 groups(n=8 each):groupⅠsham operation;groupⅡI/R and groupⅢ,Ⅳ,ⅤSFI+I/R.I/R was produced by occlusion of the anterior descending branch of left coronary artery(LAD)for 60 min.The occlusion of LAD was then released for reperfusion.In sham operation group(Ⅰ)LAD was exposed but not occluded.In groupⅢ,ⅣandⅤSFI 5,10 and 15 ml·kg~(-1) was givenⅣrespectively 30 min before myocardial ischemia.MAP,HR,left ventricular developed pressure(LVDP),±dp/dt_(max),left ventricular end-diastolic pressure(LVEDP)and Vmax were recorded immediately before ischemia(T_0,baseline),at 5 min of ischemia(T_1),immediately before reperfusion(T_2)and at 5,15,60,90,120 min of reperfusion(T_(3-7)).The animals were killed and hearts removed for determination of infarct size and microscopic examination of the ultrastructure of LAD using transmission electron microscope.Results MAP,HR,LVDP,±dp/dt_(max) and Vmax were significantly decreased while LVEDP was significantly increased during reperfusion as compared to the baseline values at T_0 in I/R group. I/R produced myocardial infarct and damage to the endothelial cells of LAD.The harmful effect of I/R was attenuated by different doses of SFI.SFI 10 ml·kg~(-1) provided best effect.Conclusion Pretreatment with SFI can protect the myocardium against I/R injury in diabetic rabbits.SFI 10 ml·kg~(-1) produces better effect.


Objective  Pre‐eclampsia involves a maternal inflammatory response that differs from both normal pregnancy and normotensive intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR). Our objective was to examine neutrophil Toll‐like receptor (TLR), cryopyrin, nuclear factor‐κB (NF‐κB) subunit and interleukin‐1β (IL‐1β), and inflammatory cytokine profiles in women with pre‐eclampsia or normotensive IUGR, as well as in normal pregnancy and non‐pregnancy controls.


The application of the criteria established by Y.D. Song and J.N. Anderson (1992) are applied to robotic systems. Performance analysis based on these criteria are given. A particular objective is to derive new adaptive and robust control strategies, which ensure stable path tracking and allow adjustable rates-of-convergence (ROCs). To this end, the concepts of rate function and rate transformation are introduced. Adaptive tracking with adjustable ROC is described.<<ETX>>


Abstract Interface instability (or "sausaging") has been a major problem in the oxide powder-in-tube tape-rolling process. The fast Fourier transform of core instabilities are first performed to study the rolled tapes and to obtain quantitative information on the wavelengths and magnitudes of the non-uniform profiles. The existing experimental observations are also re-examined and summarized. Treating this problem as the bimaterial interface instability, both bifurcation analysis and finite-element modelling are applied to study the influences of roll-gap geometry, packing fill factor and clad material properties on the instability wavelength and magnitude. Good correlations between theoretical results and experimental observations are found. The critical wavelength/current core thickness ratio λ∗/ d c is found to be sensitive to the fill factor only, and insensitive to the reduction/pass ratio, and the core and clad material properties; that is, the relative tape geometry is the single dominating factor ...


The species composition and seasonal succession of zooplankton in saline alkaline ponds in Zhaodian Fish Farm, Gaoqing County, Shandong Province, from 5 April in 1997 to 1 September in 1998, were studied.The results indicated that salinity ranged from 1.36 to 20 g·L -1 , total alkalinity changed from 2.4 to 7.2 mmol·L -1 , pH changed from 8 to 9, the zooplankton in saline alkaline ponds were composed by freshwater salt tolerance species or halophile species, and some of them were halobiont species and which usually occurs in freshwater. Dominant species of zooplankton were Askenasia volvox, Didinium nasutum, Lagynophrya conifera, Cyclidium citrullus, Strobilidium gyrans and Prorodon viridis(Protozoa); Brachionus plicatilis, Trichocerca pusilla, Brachionus calyciflorus, B. angularis, B. urceus, Asplanchna brightwelli, Proales simplex, Filinia cornuta and Polyarthra trigla(Rotatoria); Moina micrura, Diaphanosoma leuchtenbergiatum(Cladocerans); Sinocalarus tenellus, Cyclops vicinus, Thermocyclops taihokuensis (Copepod). The biomass of zooplankton in the control ponds and new ponds were higher than that in other fish culture ponds.


An integral representation for a relaxed functional arising in the membrane theory is obtained in terms of Young measures generated by se- quences {(r u"n ˛ 1 "n r3u"n)} of scaled gradients.


Abstract This study assessed and described the Sprint Force-velocity (SFv) profile, and its validity and reliability in international cerebral palsy (CP) football players. Twenty international male CP football players (age: 26.9±7.4) performed a 30-m sprint, a vertical jump (CMJ), a change of direction (MAT), a dribbling and an intermittent endurance (Yo-YoIR1) test. The SFv profile and physical performance variables were shown according to the players' sport class with the estimation of the effect sizes between classes. The SFv showed high reliability (ICC=0.77 to 0.99; SEM=0.89 to 8.66%). Validity for the SFv was provided by its positive correlation with the players' sport class (r=0.53 to 0.75; p=.02 to <.01) and the rest of the physical performance tests (r=0.45 to 0.99; p=.04 to <.01). The RFmax was the main SFv profile variable that explained players' performance in the rest of the tests (β=0.77 to 1.0; p<.05; R2=0.59 to 0.99). The SFv profile seems to be an efficient test to assess international CP football players' physical performance. This provides information about the players' individual sprint mechanical characteristics and their sprint strengths and weaknesses, allowing coaches and conditioning trainers to individualize their training interventions to optimize sprint performance.


Deformations and stresses in hybrid shape memory alloy plates subjected to low-velocity impact are considered. Shape memory alloy fibers embedded in resin sleeves and located at the middle plane of the plate can be an effective tool for the reduction of deformations and the control of damage. The desirable effect can be achieved by activating the fibers, i.e., through a constrained reverse transformation. In the examples considered in the paper, transverse deflections were reduced to approximately one-third of the deflections of identical plates without shape memory alloy fibers. Although the benefits to the stresses were less impressive, they were still significant. The accuracy of the closed-form solution presented in the paper is limited only by a number of terms in the series that represent deformations. Numerical analysis reflected a good convergence of the solution.


Starting from a Post-Keynesian model in which employment is determined by effective de¬mand and the NAIRU is viewed as a limit to employment, enforced by monetary policy re¬acting upon conflict inflation, the effects of central bank independence and labour market institutions on macroeconomic performance are considered and the perspectives for employ¬ment and inflation in the European Monetary Union are discussed. Central bank independ¬ence seems to be associated with stable prices and to prevent the rate of unemployment from falling below the NAIRU. But price stability also depends on labour market institutions. Horizontally and vertically co-ordinated wage bargaining allows for a considerable reduction of the NAIRU and hence of the real costs of price stability. Therefore, the perspectives for employment and inflation in the European Monetary Union depend on the development of the degree of co-ordination of wage bargaining and on the monetary strategy chosen by the inde¬pendent European Central Bank. Different scenarios derived from these determinants are fi¬nally discussed.


As Korea join BIS & OECD, Money flow range will extend. Therefore, Because the increasing international business parts lead to increase exchange rate risk in foreign exchange market, Government, Bank, Enterprise should efficiently manage the risk. The facts that risk averter & risk taker participate in Derivatives Markets make efficiently manage the risk market, While the facts make a firm company (For example, UK Barings) into bankruptcy in short time. Features of Swap, is complex and has large volume in international money trade, close to netting of validity & current account, but isn't bet. Local self-government hasn't right to trade dealer. When Party's events of default and other early termination due day make a deal finished, if confirmation of demage and account method are not specially written in schedule, they are requested to be accounted as market quotation and to be the second way in payment maner for considering netting effect. Even though it is not detaily described in obligation, debtors can confront to creditors by article of netting in the civil law. So close-out netting is effective and in order to complete the part which could not be occupied, close-out netting need collateral pledge and personal security, it is generally used rather than collateral security.


Liu Rushi is the figure that can't be ignored at all when it comes to the literature of the Yunjian School of the late Ming Dynasty. Her poetics once belonged to the Yunjian Literary School. Her spirit of national independence and thought of freedom were formed by the influence of Yunjian literary men. Liu also regarded herself as a Yunjian local. In her book Liu Rushi's Letters written in 1641, the signature was ″Liu Rushi in Yunjian″. Therefore, it is reasonable to take Liu as one of the Yunjian poets.Liu's writing could be divided into two periods, which was demarcated by the winter of 1640 when Liu Ru-shi went to the Banye Hall in Yushan to pay her first visit to Qian Qiany. Her works written before 1640 were collected in Wu Yin Grass, Hu Shang Grass and Liu Rushi's Letters. Those written after 1640 were collected in Dong Shan Chou He Ji and some of them could be found in Qian Qianyi's Chu Xue Ji and You Xue Ji. Her experience of going to Yushan from Yunjian marked the turning point of her life and of her aesthetics as well. Liu's works in her earlier period were based on the Yunjian Literary School. Her poems (shi) were composed in line with the standards of the Han Dynasty, the Three Kingdoms period and the mid-Tang Dynasty, while her lyric poems (ci) conformed to the standard of the Northern Song Dynasty. All of her works were written in a unique and succinct style with no flowery language. However, the aesthetic horizon of her works was not broad enough, which didn't break through the limitation of the literary doctrines of ″back to the ancients″ in the Ming Dynasty. Her works in the later period were influenced by Qian Qianyi's poetry, which belonged to the Yushan Literary School. During this period, the aesthetic horizon of her works became broad enough to break through the limitation of the Yunjian Literary School. Combining the characteristics of both the Tang and the Song Dynasty, her poetry became deep in thought and mature in style.Liu's poetics was also greatly influenced by legends. In the late Ming Dynasty, legends spread all over the country. The characters and plots in operas exerted a subtle influence on her. In writing, she couldn't help mixing her poems with the spirit, characters and plots of the operas. In this way, she integrated the opera, the song and the poem into one. As far as the Yunjian Literary School is concerned, their shi and ci were considerably influenced by legends, too. Liu's works were just a case in point. Liu appreciated operas very much, especially Yuming Hall legends. She cited some plots including loves affairs in the operas to express her own feelings. In Dong Shan Chou He Ji, Qian Qianyi and Liu Rushi compared their marriage with that of Du Liniang and Liu Mengmei repeatedly.Going from Yunjian to Yushan, Liu underwent a fundamental change in terms of her living circumstances and her social role, which gave rise to an obvious transformation in her poetic creation. As far as her poems are concerned, although the poems in the collection of Wu Yin Grass were neither mature nor smooth, they sent forth a delicate fragrance of a young girl. But the poems in Dong Shan Chou He Ji were affectedly unconventional. They were neither the songs of freedom nor the impulse of her inner desire. Poetry became a tool for her to have social intercourse. The aesthetic quality of her works was bound to suffer. Generally speaking, Liu's poems in the period of Yushan displayed a remarkable talent and a mature style, but were expressed with common characteristics. Her learning couldn't go with her characteristics and her poems failed to attain the realm of combining her intelligence with her deep thoughts. As she had found the ″Gold House″ —— a home to return to, everything in her life calmed down. She didn't look forward to anything, and the romantic poetic goddess was not with her any longer.


The purpose of this research is to connect fixed point methods with certain third-order boundary value problems in new and interesting ways. Our strategy involves an analysis of the problem under consideration within closed and bounded sets. We develop sufficient conditions under which the associated mappings will be contractive and invariant in these sets, which generates new advances concerning the existence, uniqueness and approximation of solutions.


This book is the culmination of many years of work. Hélène Millet explains that her first publication was a new list of the Council of Pisa in 1981 which might have been followed by a definitive study of the whole council had not circumstances intervened. She therefore decided to republish that first list with some earlier work. The first list now includes an index and additional notes, a chronological list of events, and republished articles comparing MSS Uppsala C 47 and Vat lat 3477 and discussing the representative nature of Pisa, the French delegation, the Angevins at the Council, and the Portuguese.Therefore, this is not a complete history of the Council, but rather is a series of reflections on how Pisa came to think the unthinkable (that a council could assemble without the pope); how representative it was; and why it has not been included among general councils, even though it began the healing of the Great Schism. Millet wishes to rehabilitate Pisa into the list of genuine Councils of the Church.


Nuclear import of conventional nuclear localization sequence (NLS)-containing proteins initially involves recognition by the importin (IMP) α/β heterodimer, where IMPα binds the NLS and IMPβ targets the IMPα/NLS-containing protein complex to the nuclear pore. Here we examine IMPα from the plantArabidopsis thaliana (At-IMPα), which exhibits nuclear envelope localization typical of IMPβ rather than IMPα in other eukaryotic cell systems. We show that At-IMPα recognizes conventional NLSs of two different types with high affinity (K d of 5–10 nm), in contrast to mouse IMPα (m-IMPα), which exhibits much lower affinity (K d of 50–70 nm) and only achieves high affinity in the presence of m-IMPβ. Unlike m-IMPα, At-IMPα is thus a high affinity NLS receptor in the absence of IMPβ. Interestingly, At-IMPα was also able to bind with high affinity to NLSs recognized specifically by m-IMPβ and not m-IMPα, including that of the maize transcription factor Opaque-2. Reconstitution of nuclear import in vitroindicated that in the absence of exogenous IMPβ subunit but dependent on RanGDP and NTF2, At-IMPα was able to mediate nuclear accumulation to levels comparable with those mediated by m-IMPα/β. Neither m-IMPα nor -β was able to mediate nuclear import in the absence of the other subunit. At-IMPα's novel NLS recognition and nuclear transport properties imply that plants may possess an IMPα-mediated nuclear import pathway independent of IMPβ in addition to that mediated by IMPα/β.


Tumors unable to synthesize L-Arginine (arginine) due to decreased expression of enzymes of the arginine biosynthetic pathway show increased sensitivity to arginine depletion. Pegzilarginase (AEB1102) is a bioengineered human PEGylated arginase 1 with enhanced pharmacological properties that enables marked depletion of arginine in plasma and slows tumor growth in pre-clinical in vivo models. Extracellular depletion of arginine directly affects tumor cells, increasing protein turnover, inhibiting proliferation, inducing apoptosis, and increasing autophagy (PMID:27109103); however, the impact of arginine availability on tumor immunogenicity has not been clearly established. Depletion of extracellular arginine induces autophagy, and given the known relationship between autophagy and antigen processing for MHC presentation (PMID:29058602) we hypothesized that pegzilarginase could trigger an enhanced recruitment of immune cells to the tumor microenvironment. Pegzilarginase, both as monotherapy or in combination with anti-PD-L1 mAb (10F.9G2), was administered to Balb/c mice bearing palpable, syngeneic, subcutaneous CT26 tumors. At pre-determined time points, tumor measurements were taken and tumor cell viability and immunophenotyping were assessed via flow cytometry. Treatment with both pegzilarginase or anti-PD-L1 mAb alone slowed tumor growth compared to control. Combination treatment of pegzilarginase and anti-PD-L1 mAb resulted in an enhancement of anti-tumor activity with 12.5% complete response (CR) observed in the anti-PD-L1 mAb monotherapy group and 25% CR observed in the combination therapy group. All mice with CR were re-challenged with fresh CT26 cells and failed to develop new tumors, consistent with induction of an immune memory response. We observed a decrease in tumor cell viability in all treatment groups on days 7 and 17, with the combination treatment group showing the greatest reduction in viable cells and tumor volume at day 17. The observed anti-tumor activity in monotherapy and combination therapy groups was accompanied by an increase in CD45+ tumor-infiltrating cells, with the combination therapy group showing the highest proportion of CD45+ tumor-infiltrating cells, including total T cells, macrophages and dendritic cells, and an increase in serum IFN-γ. Combination of pegzilarginase and anti-PD-L1 mAb results in synergistically greater anti-tumor activity than either monotherapy, and is accompanied by an increase in tumor-infiltrating immune cells. The enhanced infiltration of immune cells into tumor following depletion of arginine with pegzilarginase monotherapy and combination therapy challenges some of the prevailing theories on the role of arginine in immune cell signaling and cancer biology. Citation Format: Giulia Agnello, Mark D. Badeaux, Danlee Enzler, Leslie Priddy, Jason F. Wiggins, Christopher L. Daige, Scott W. Rowlinson. Depletion of blood arginine with pegzilarginase (AEB1102) in combination with anti-PD-L1 increases tumor infiltration by immune cells and enhances antitumor activity [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2018; 2018 Apr 14-18; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 869.


Bench of closed circuit cooling tower that is composed of boiler ,exchanger, orifice flowmeter, water pump, micromanometer , heat indicator and so on is established.Air resistance of counterflow closed circuit cooling tower is detailed tested ,air flow regularity inside of the new tower is discussed and air flow characteristics through cooling bundle of tubes is analyzed .Dimensionless equation of air flow resistance is functional relation of Euler number ,Reynolds number and Prandtl number ,is set up after experimental data is analyzed .Air resistance through cooling coil is conveniently computed ,fan of the new cooling tower is correctly selected and suitable distance of among cooling tubes is designed by the dimensionless equation.


Offshore wind turbines (OWTs) are some of the most dynamic civil structures. The substructures of OWTs are loaded by both wind and waves, and agitated by the rotations of the wind turbine on top. The most common substructure design in offshore wind is the so-called monopile foundation, which represents over 80% of all offshore wind turbines. A monopile foundation is a single cylindrical pile with diametres ranging from 4 to 8 metres and lengths up to 70 metres.


The eDNA Society was founded in Japan in 2018 to develop eDNA science as a discipline that contributes to the human well‐being and the sustainable use of ecosystems. Since then, the society has expanded attracting a wide variety of people from international universities, research institutes, consultant companies, and local/national governments. Here we report edna2021, the fourth annual meeting of The eDNA Society, which was held mainly online on November 20–21, 2021. We had c.a. 500 participants in total, from at least 15 countries. In the meeting, we discussed not only the technical aspects of environmental DNA but also its potential for various applications including its combinations with environmental RNA, sediment core samples, population genetic analyses, etc.


There is growing evidence for the importance of chronic inflammation in the pathogenesis of adult cancers and for an ongoing role of the inflammatory response in tumor growth and metastasis. Here, we examine how these processes relate to pediatric malignancies. While it is unlikely that chronic inflammation plays a significant role in driving malignant progression in childhood tumors that typically have developmental origins, the inflammatory response does appear to play an important role in the development and progression of many types of childhood cancer. An enhanced understanding of these processes will be of critical importance in developing novel therapeutic strategies. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2012; 58: 659–664. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.


This article conducted an investigation on the carbonate formation during kraft pulping (KP) process of eucalyptus under different conditions, from which a kinetic model for predicting the carbonate formation was proposed. It was also found that the time-dependent effective alkali concentration and H factor are the major parameters affecting the carbonate formation. Results showed that the proposed model could describe the carbonate formation during KP at various process conditions, and there is a good correlation (R2 = 0.923) between the measured and predicted data. According to the model, about 54% of total carbonate formation was contributed from lignin in wood. © 2016 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 63: 1489–1493, 2017


Service Failures and Recovery in Tourism and Hospitality: a Practical Manual is an edited volume by Erdogan Koc that brings 25 authors together while Koc contributes to the volume as an author as well. The volume sets to provide a comprehensive outlook for the services failures and recovery by combining theoretical debates with examples from the field.


Objective To analyze ureaplasma urealyticum infection(Uu) and resistance in my region in recent years with the results of the culturing of ureaplasma urealyticum.Methods To detect Uu with selective culturing methods and to do drug sensitivity tests at the same time.Results During 832 cases,185 are positive,taking 22.2%,453 cases are males,among which 54 cases are positive,taking 11.9%.379 cases are female,131 are positive taking 34.6%.The rsistance of 185 cases to 10 regular antibiotics are increased.Conclusion Uu infection in my region is upgoing,especially among female(P0.01).Uu is resistant to the 10 regular antibiotics,especially to the traditional drugs such as ERY,ROX,AZZ.The worst is ERY,then SPA,ROX.MIN and DOX are relatively effective to Uu.