This article analyses the results of year-round automatic ozone monitoring in seven cities of the Baikal region (southeastern Siberia). We reveal that significant differences in the spatiotemporal variability of the average daily ozone concentrations depend on different anthropogenic loads. In large cities with heavy industry, which are located in the Angara River valley, the ozone concentrations were minimal and changed little during the year: less than 5 µg/m3 in the Angarsk city and 20–30 µg/m3 in the Irkutsk city. In the settlements of a less polluted region, the Selenga River valley, the ozone concentrations were significantly higher, and the annual ozone variability was typical of East Siberia: the maximum in spring (60 to 70 μg/m3) and the minimum in autumn and winter (10 to 30 μg/m3). The maximum ozone concentrations were observed in rural conditions (Listvyanka station), up to 80–100 μg/m3 during the spring maximum. Nitrogen oxides had the main influence on ozone depletion in the surface atmosphere of the cities, especially in winter, the season of maximum burning of fossil fuels (negative correlation can reach −0.9). In cities with heavy industry, the effect of NOx on ozone was weaker. Perhaps other anthropogenic impurities can also affect ozone suppression in these cities, which have not yet been studied.


Photovoltaic (PV) systems can meet the energy needs of small and remote grid-independent applications. These applications are characterized by the need for a highly reliable source of electrical energy to meet relatively small loads in areas where conventional sources are too costly to install and/or cannot be maintained. A major application for PV is for use in rural electrification both in the US and in the developing countries. 7 refs., 2 figs.


In our search for gamma-ray emission from Be X-ray binaries from analysis of the data obtained with the Large Area Telescope (LAT) on board the Fermi Gamma-Ray Space Telescope, we find likely detection of GRO J1008-57. The binary has an orbital period of 249.48 days, and it is only significantly detected in its orbital phase 0.8--0.9 (>4 sigma) and may be marginally detected in orbital phase 0.5--0.7. Further light curve analysis indicates that the former detection is probably largely due to an emitting event in one orbital cycle around year 2012-2013, following a giant outburst of the source. The combination of the stellar rotation, magnetic field, and mass accretion of the neutron star (a transient X-ray pulsar with a spin period of 93.5 s) makes GRO J1008-57 a system in which its propeller phase can be switched on in the quiescent state when its X-ray luminosity is lower than ~10^34 erg/s. Considering these features, we suggest that occasional gamma-ray emitting events occur in GRO J1008-57. Particularly after a giant outburst, which probably would exhaust large amount of disk matter and induce the propeller phase in the following orbital phase, then similar to the transitional pulsar binaries (with PSR J1023+0038 as a prototype), the neutron star's propellering processes or even its partial pulsar wind would result in the observed gamma-ray emission. If this is confirmed, GRO J1008-57 may represent a type of transient gamma-ray sources among neutron-star XRBs.


This chapter presents a statistical evaluation of the chemical variation in space and time of the Miocene-Quaternary volcanism of the Carpathian-Pannonian region. Three main genetic types of this volcanism can be distinguished as follows: (1) during Karpatian to late Pliocene time intermediate, mainly andesitic, stratovolcanic complexes formed; (2) acidic (mainly ignimbritic) volcanism developed in the inner part of the Pannonian basin from the Eggenburgian-Ottnangian boundary to late Sarmatian time, which partly overlaps the intermediate volcanism and; (3) alkali basaltic volcanism occurred in Pannonian to Quaternary time. The data presented here show that the intermediate lavas became significantly more acidic from Karpatian to late Sarmatian time. At the Sarmatian-Pannonian boundary there was an abrupt change and in early Pannonian time the intermediate lavas which erupted were much more basic. The K2O content of the intermediate lavas also increased from Karpatian to late Sarmatian time. This suggests that at the Sarmatian-Pannonian boundary a significant change may have taken place in the tectonics of the region. The data presented in this chapter suggest that volcanism in the Pannonian basin can be largely explained by a mantle diapir model with related melting of crustal rocks. They further indicate that in the East Carpathians, volcanism may be largely related to the presence of a subducted slab. The geochemical data indicate that the main period of mantle diapirism lasted until the end of Sarmatian time, when very fast subsidence began in the Pannonian basin. End_Page 257------------------------


development but shows promises in the entrepreneurial finance landscape. A security token is a digital representation of an investment product recorded on a blockchain, which comes under the purview of securities laws. Therefore, STOs differ from initial coin offerings (ICOs). After describing the STO process and the scope of the STO market, we explore what factors are associated with successful capital raising. In particular, we find that attaching voting rights to security tokens increases the odds of success. Our study implies that entrepreneurs should carefully design their security tokens and run their offering professionally because doing so may not just help them raise more capital, but it may also foster general awareness of the benefits of a well-developed STO market.


A method for viewing an application notification message, and a terminal, for use in protecting the privacy security of an application notification message, saving the energy consumption of a battery of a terminal, and improving user experience. The method comprises: when being in a standby and screen-off state, a terminal obtains a touch fingerprint generated on a touchscreen (101); the terminal determines whether the touch fingerprint matches a preset fingerprint (102); if yes, the terminal determines a target region of the touchscreen according to the touch fingerprint (104); the terminal brightens the target region (105) and displays an application notification message in the target region in a preset mode (106). The terminal can effectively protect the security of private information, brighten a target region, and prolong the life of a terminal by means of fingerprint verification.


In this paper, the problem of upgrading an electric urban distribution network is considered. Although network planning has attracted considerable attention in the field of power systems since the early 1970s, the urban distribution network of Milano (Italy) shows significant and challenging peculiarities. Due to historical reasons, there are two separate distribution networks, previously operated by two different companies, which grew up independently and in an uncoordinated way. Therefore, this paper will present a MILP approach for planning a new network configuration, called H-shaped layout, which optimally integrates the two networks already in place. In order to validate the mathematical model, computational results using a part of the whole distribution network is presented in this paper.


Neuromorphic computing seeks to build hardware systems that are similar to the brain in form and function. Such systems are composed of artificial neurons and synapses, both of which will have to operate with extreme energy efficiency to allow spiking neural networks to scale to the size of the brain. In this work, we present such a low-power subthreshold implementation of the Izhikevich neuron model, inspired by the circuit introduced by Wijekoon and Dudek. The circuit, designed in the UMC 65nm process, consumes 11.74fJ/spike at a 0.18V supply voltage, while operating on a biological timescale and allowing analog tunability of control voltages so as to exhibit different spiking behaviors. The circuit comprises an integrated digital spike transceiver that communicates with AER arbitration circuitry and generates reset pulses.


Automated analysis system detects bacteria in saltwater, freshwater, sewage effluent, and other aqueous media. System may be adapted for computer control.


In order to understand the principle differences between rheological or simple stress tests like the uniaxial tensile test to contact mechanical tests and the differences between quasistatic contact experiments and oscillatory ones, this study resorts to effective first principles. This study will show how relatively simple models simulating bond interactions in solids using effective potentials like Lennard-Jones and Morse can be used to investigate the effect of time dependent stress-induced softening or stiffening of these solids. The usefulness of the current study is in the possibility of deriving relatively simple dependences of the bulk-modulus B on time, shear and pressure P with time t. In cases where it is possible to describe, or at least partially describe a material by Lennard-Jones potential approaches, the above- mentioned dependences are even completely free of microscopic material parameters. Instead of bond energies and length, only specific integral parameters like Young's modulus and Poisson's ratio are required. However, in the case of time dependent (viscose) material behavior the parameters are not constants anymore. They themselves depend on time and the actual stress field, especially the shear field. A body completely consisting of so called standard linear solid interacting particles will then phenomenologically show a completely different and usually much more complicated mechanical behavior. The influence of the time dependent pressure-shear-induced Young's modulus change is discussed with respect to mechanical contact experiments and their analysis in the case of viscose materials.


in developing specific components of a maintenance management program. Although the stated audience for this book is the maintenance community, human factors practitioners will find a good foundation from which to consider maintenance errors and to help those in industry to improve maintenance performance. The human factors practitioner familiar with Reason's earlier works will gain from this focused consideration of maintenance.


The Antidiabetic activity of Kigelia africana(Lam.) (Family:Bignoniaceae) and Tabebuia rosea(Bertol) DC (Family:Bignoniaceae) were investigated in Alloxan induced diabetic albino rats. A comparison was made between both the plant extracts and a known antidiabetic drug Glibenclamide (5 mg/kg body weight). The dried leaves of Kigelia africana and Tabebuia rosea were subjected to extraction by continuous hot percolation using methanol as solvent and were subjected to standardization using pharmacognostical and phytochemical screening. Dose selection was made on the basis of acute oral toxicity study (200 mg/kg body weight) as per OECD and CPCSEA guidelines. Oral administration of extracts of Kigelia africana (200mg/kg) and Tabebuia rosea(200mg/kg) for 7 days resulted in a significant reduction in blood glucose levels. Alloxan induced diabetic rat model was used for the evaluation of antidiabetic activity. Activity is more for Tabebuia rosea in comparision with Kigelia africana. Tabebuia rosea methanolic extract (TRME) and Kigelia africana methanolic extract (KAME) showed significant (p<0.001) antidiabetic activity. The blood glucose levels of these plant extracts on seventh day of the study were TRME (108.2+4.11) KAME (127.5+2.56) in comparison of diabetic control (414.2 + 5.03). In glucose loaded rats, TRME exhibited glucose level of (129+ 3.55) after 30 min and (91+ 1.366) after 90 min, whereas the levels in KAME treated animals were (126.5 +4.12) after 30 min and (88.33+1.647) after 90 min. These extracts also prevented body weight loss in diabetic rats. The drug has the potential to act as an antidiabetic drug.


This paper deals with the design of a power factor corrected (PFC) two stage multiple output dc-dc converter based switched mode power supply (SMPS) to improve the power quality at ac mains. The SMPS system consists of two stages, in which first stage is a non-isolated dc-dc converter fed from single-phase ac mains through a diode bridge rectifier (DBR) and the second stage is a boost half-bridge dc-dc converter having five isolated outputs normally used in computer systems. Boost half bridge dc-dc converter is chosen as a second stage as it offers no dc offset in the current passing through the high frequency transformer (HFT) and so its design can be optimized. Proposed PFC two stage multiple output dc-dc converter based SMPS is designed, modeled and its performance is simulated in Matlab/Simulink environment. Simulated results are presented to validate the design of the proposed PFC two stage multiple output dc-dc converter based SMPS. Improved power quality is observed with almost unity power factor (PF) over a wide range of the load variation.


Investigation of the roots of Lotus polyphyllos Clarke resulted in the isolation of two new isoflavone derivatives; 4′-O-methylerythrinin C (3) and 4′-O-methyl-2′′-hydroxydihydroalpinumisoflavone (4). In addition, the three known isoflavone derivatives 4′-O-methylalpinumisoflavone (1) lupinalbin F (5), 4′,7-dimethoxy-5-hydroxyisoflavone (6), and the phenylpropanoid ester tetracosyl p-coumarate (2) were also identified. The structures were determined from spectroscopic data.


The Cu2+-tolerant yeast Yarrowia lipolytica accumulated Cu2+ until the late logarithmic phase. Thereafter, Cu2+ was temperature-dependently extruded into phosphate-limited culture medium containing high concentrations of heavy metal ions but not into 10 mm 2-(Nmorpholino) ethane sulfonic acid (MES) buffer (pH 6.0). Peptone in the culture medium played an important role in the extrusion, which proceeded even when peptone was substituted with cysteine or histidine, but not with any other amino acid tested.


This paper explores the way in which places and senses
mutually create/recreate each other. Emphasis is placed on how
places are experienced, but are also created through
conceptualisation and imagining: place is not only the physicality
of being 'here', but also imagined through layers of memories,
often of other places, and sometimes grounded in the memory of
others. Specific reference is made to the Port Arthur Historic Site,
which is conceptualised variously as convict heritage place (World
Heritage nominated), community place, tragedy place and tourism
place. The paper applies theoretical approaches combining
philosophical and anthropological understandings of space and
place, which explicate the multi-vocality of landscapes that
enmesh people, place and time. It is shown that spirit and place
become embedded in a flow of power and negotiation of social
relations that are rendered in the physicality of tangible elements
and the embodiment of imagination, memories and symbolic
attributions.


Farm managers and lenders are becoming increasingly aware of the need for thorough and accurate farm financial management.1 The current extended agricultural recession magnifies this need. Increased current loan losses and the increasing financial stress of farm operators have prompted lending institutions, government agencies and farmers to determine what has gone wrong in the area of farm financial management and, more importantly, to search out ways to reduce the frequency of farm business failure. The use of inadequate financial reporting systems is viewed as one source of the problem.


The objective of this work is to contribute to the knowledge of the practices and preferences of university researchers when they have to disseminate and socialize their publications in open access institutional repositories and academic social networks. This study is based on the premise that this phenomenon is influenced both by discipline and by institutional belonging. With a bibliometric-scientometric approach, the presence of the academic community and the volume and temporal coverage of its production deposited in institutional repositories (RIS) and the academic social network ResearchGate (RG) are studied. The case of university researchers from three faculties of an Argentine public university is studied, characterizing the population according to gender, age group, academic degree, and category formalized within the research system. It is concluded that there is a higher presence of the academic community in the repositories than in the social network, although the average of documents per university researcher is higher in the latter. The community of the faculties of Exact Sciences and Natural Sciences have a high presence in RG, unlike those in Humanities and Social Sciences. There are more women than men in the different platforms, in contrast to what happens with the average number of documents per university researcher, which is also higher the higher the age, the researcher category, and the academic degree achieved. Temporary coverage and current production are higher in RG than in the RIS, in addition to a relationship between the age of the documents and the age group of the population.


The predominant fluorescent porphyrin that appears in erythrocytes as a result of chronic lead absorption or iron deficiency anemia is zinc protoporphyrin. This compound can be fluorometrically assayed in diluted whole blood with high sensitivity. An extremely simple and rapid test for lead absorption is described that is based on this assay. Results of a field trial indicate that this test should be seriously considered as a primary screening test for monitoring the effects of chronic lead absorption.


Dear Editor: I read with some interest the review in the April 1994 issue by James A. Boyless of the textbook, Human Factors in Simple and Complex Systems by Proctor and van Zandt. The reason for that interest is that I recently completed a review of the same text for Contemporary Psychology and I wanted to see how the two reviews compared. I also considered the text to be an excellent one, but I found one thing that disturbed me, perhaps unduly: In the 562 pages, only four (478-481) were devoted to system development and human factors practice. Surely this relative obscurity presents to university students a completely distorted picture of what the human factors discipline is all about, in view of the fact that half of the HFES membership works in system development or in areas related to it. I find it remarkable that while your reviewer carped about organizational errors and index numbering, he completely failed to mention a defect that throws an extraordinary light on the way in which academia views our profession. It is even more remarkable that a publication supposedly devoted to design would fail to note this defect. David Meister


Tree topologies are widely used by routing applications as they do not have loops. In this paper we focus on generation algorithms of single and multi destination trees from mesh networks. They represent the paths from a network node, called source, to one or more other nodes called destinations. Starting from an existing generation algorithm of single destination trees we propose an extension of it to generate multi destination trees and study the computational complexity of both the algorithms. The focus of the computational complexity study is on the effect of the dead end paths. They are paths ending up in loops which cannot be discarded a priori during tree generation. The number of dead end paths generated decreases with the number of destinations and it becomes null when all the network nodes, excepting the source, are destinations. Moreover, we propose a cut-tree strategy to generate single or multi destination trees to different sets of destinations from a tree which includes all of them. This st...


An "information privacy gap" exists in marketing education, with little research addressing the state of information privacy and how appropriate privacy strategies and tactics should be communicated to students. The primary purpose of this article is to provide educators an understanding of information privacy and how they can incorporate this evolving and important topic into the marketing curriculum. To accomplish this goal, a comprehensive information privacy framework is presented, and specific recommendations are provided to assist marketing educators in their efforts to expand consumer information privacy issues in their courses.


IOD and ENSO are two global phenomena that are quite influencing the territory of Indonesia. Sumatra is one of the islands in Indonesia with unique local characteristics and is located in the westernmost. This study attempts to analyze how much the IOD and ENSO have affected rainfall in the Sumatra Island and which is more dominant, and the distribution that can be used as a reference in forecasting seasons and rainfall. In a period of 37 years (1981-2017), the influence of IOD and ENSO was analyzed using a correlation method which was then mapped. The rainfall data used was obtained from CHIRPS with a scale of 0.05. Data is processed using Climate Data Operator (CDO) and R-statistics to obtain correlation maps. Correlation calculations are carried out on the whole data and in the season period. The effect of IOD was seen to be significant in the southern part of Sumatra, with a maximum correlation of 0.4, while in the north and center, the correlation only -0.25. The effect of ENSO looks more evenly compared to the impact of IOD, with a correlation reaching -0.4 in the northern and southern parts of Sumatra. In contrast, the middle part shows a smaller correlation value with ranges of -0.1 to -0.3. In the DJF and MAM season periods, a positive correlation between rainfall and IOD occurred throughout Sumatra, and in the JJA and SON, a dominant-negative correlation occurred. In comparison, the ENSO shows dominant negative correlation in each period. Based on the correlation, ENSO is more influential on Sumatra compared to IOD in overall data. However, on seasonal data, IOD is more significant than ENSO. The southern part of Sumatra Island is the most affected by ENSO and IOD compared to other parts.


JANUARY 1945 saw the end of the Auschwitz complex of Nazi camps. On i the 12th day of that month a Russian offensive began, with armored columns moving out of the Polish city of Baranow. On the 16th day of that month they reached the calcium mines of I. G. Farben at Kressendorf. On the night of the l7th~1> the prisoners of various Auschwitz camps heard the rumble of artillery fire, presaging liberation or a final orgy of killing by the SS. Early on the 19th day of January the thin defences manned by the Volkssturm gave way. In the late


We propose a novel probabilistic synchoronous context-free grammar formalism for statistical machine translation, in which syntactic nonterminal labels are represented as "soft" preferences rather than as "hard" matching constraints. This formalism allows us to efficiently score unlabeled synchronous derivations without forgoing traditional syntactic constraints. Using this score as a feature in a log-linear model, we are able to approximate the selection of the most likely unlabeled derivation. This helps reduce fragmentation of probability across differently labeled derivations of the same translation. It also allows the importance of syntactic preferences to be learned alongside other features (e.g., the language model) and for particular labeling procedures. We show improvements in translation quality on small and medium sized Chinese-to-English translation tasks.


The Silurian red beds of the Tarim Basin were formed in a coastal tidal and fluvial delta environment. They consist of red mudstone layers of the lower Tataaiertag Formation and separate the grey‐green muddy sandstones of the Kalpintag Formation from the red sandstones of the upper Tataaiertag Formation. These mudstones are regarded as the most important regional seal for Silurian oil reservoirs. They contain a significant record of palaeoenvironmental and palaeoclimate changes which is related to global sea‐level changes. Based on a systematic and continuous sedimentary study and multiple geochemistry analyses of samples taken from the Sishichang outcrop profile in west of the Tarim Basin, the Early–Middle Silurian palaeoclimate and sea‐level curve have been reconstructed. The Early–Middle Silurian Tarim Basin encountered five intervals of climate change, from humid transitioning to semi‐humid and dry–hot climate which shows signs of generally increasing oxidation. The reconstructed sea‐level curve indicates five sea‐level cycles throughout the Early–Middle Silurian succession. The most significant sea‐level drop occurred during the early Telychian stage, which represents the onset of the red mudstone section of the Tataaiertag Formation. This new sea‐level curve shows some differences compared with the earlier proposed global sea‐level curves. The dry–hot climate occurred during the late Telychian stage and the beginning of Wenlock age. The Early–Middle Silurian sea‐level change of the Tarim Basin was mostly synchronical to the eustacy. However, regional tectonic activities during the early Telychian stage further enhanced the effect of the global sea‐level fall and lead to a dry–hot climate trend which also caused the creation of the red beds of the Silurian period.


Review – The Peace In Between : The Peace In Between: Post-War Violence and Peacebuilding, Edited By: Astri Suhrke and Mats Berdal, London and New York: Routledge, 2012


The author commenced by alluding to the disposition of geologists to draw conclusions of a general nature too hastily from the facts observed by them, illustrating this remark by referring to the various opinions successively promulgated, not only by geologists generally, but even by the same geological writer, on the subject of the till or boulder clay, the gravel, and sand, by which Great Britain is every where more or less covered. At one period, all these superficial deposits were referred to the action of water alone; now it is the fashion to explain them by the agency of glaciers.


We propose a novel receiver structure, to be employed with standard Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing transmitters, capable of exploiting the multipath diversity of wireless channels. The proposed technique is based on cancellation of inter-block interference arising in the guard interval and linear detection techniques. It features a low implementation complexity and is easily generalized to MIMO systems and non-linear detection techniques.


During the 1966-67 Edwards Air Force Base (EAFB) National Sonic Boom Evaluation Program, a series of in-flight flow-field measurements were made above and below the USAF XB-70 using an instrumented NASA F-104 aircraft with a specially designed nose probe. These were accomplished in the three XB-70 flights at about Mach 1.5 at about 37,000 ft. and gross weights of about 350,000 lbs. Six supersonic passes with the F-104 probe aircraft were made through the XB-70 shock flow-field; one above and five below the XB-70. Separation distances ranged from about 3000 ft. above and 7000 ft. to the side of the XB-70 and about 2000 ft. and 5000 ft. below the XB-70. Complex near-field "sawtooth-type" signatures were observed in all cases. At ground level, the XB-70 shock waves had not coalesced into the two-shock classical sonic boom N-wave signature, but contained three shocks. Included in this report is a description of the generating and probe airplanes, the in-flight and ground pressure measuring instrumentation, the flight test procedure and aircraft positioning, surface and upper air weather observations, and the six in-flight pressure signatures from the three flights.


In this paper, we use the method of calculus of variations to establish the existence of energy-minimizing radially symmetric magnetic monopole solutions in the general (4p−1)-dimensional Yang–Mills gauge field theory developed recently by Radu and Tchrakian. We also show that these solutions are either self-dual or anti-self-dual and, hence, unique. Our study extends the existence work of Belavin, Polyakov, Schwartz, and Tyupin and the equivalence and uniqueness work of Maison in three dimensions and the work of Yang in seven dimensions to the situation of arbitrary (4p−1) dimensions.


Obiective:To explore the causes and therapy of pregnant women with thrombocytopenia.Methods:128 cases with thrombocytopenia were reviewed.Results:Thrombocytopenia was mainly caused by prenacy-associated thrombocytopenia (PAT) in 91 (71.09%) cases,idiopathic thrombocytopenia (ITP) in 11 cases (8.59%),hepatic disease in pregnancy in 10 (7.81%) cases,pregnancy induced hypertension 14 (10.94%) cases,Rhesus isoimmunization and viral infection each 1(0.78%) case.Prednisone was considered if the platelet count was less than 50×109/L.Platelet transfusion was given to those with platelet count less than 50×109/L before and after delivery.If the platelet count was less than 50×109/L esarean delivery might be performed.Conclusion:PAT is the most common type of thrombocytopenia during pregnancy.Degree of thrombocytopenia with complication was more severe(platelet count usually less than 70×109/L).Half of ITP are symptomatic.Glucocorticoid is effective treatment for severe thrombocytopenia.Platelet transfusion may be considered when platelet count is still less than 50×109/L before opreation.


2 Acknowledgements 3 Chapter 1: Introduction 7 1.0 Research Context 7 1.1 Research Purpose 9 1.2 Reflexive Position Statement 10 1.3 Research Questions 11 1.4 Overview/ Preview of Whole 11 Chapter 2: Literature Review 13 2.


The status of Women-Social, economic, political and the like-In India today is much higher than in ancient and medieval periods. Women today enjoy many more rights like social and legal and have greater freedom and voice, and participate more freely on public affairs. But it is also true that they are still discriminated, harassed, humiliated, dominated and even ex-ploited-National and international efforts in the form of conventions, commissions and instruments were Launched for me cause of Human Rights of Women, Social reforms and social thinkers believe that in a nation like India giving education to women in as large as possible can prove to he a panacea for many of problems of women. Accordingly, much attention is paid to the education of women after independence and the literacy level is increased steadily. In spite of several positive trends women are still subjected to Human Rights Violations, especially their Rights to Education. "The human rights help to women empowerment, such as the human right to equality between men and women and to equal partnership in the family and society. Realization of this human rights depends on eliminating gender based stereotypes in education which denied women opportunities for full and equal partnership and the rights to work receive wages that contribute to an adequate standard of living which strengthen the women participate in shaping decisions and policies affecting one's community, at local national and international levels. "You can tell the condition of nation by looking at the status of its women"


This study was conducted to determine the LCC of apartment complexes with district heating and a cogeneration system. For the purpose of analyzing LCC according to the size of the apartment complex, 500, 1,500, and 4,000-unit model apartments were selected. Analysis was performed on the design of the heating system and the life cycle cost including total construction cost, maintenance and operation cost for the duration of the project period (15 years). According to the calculated results, were 1.12, 1.07 and 1.06 times larger than those of the district system according to the size of the apartment complex. In this study, the district heating system was found to be more efficient than the cogeneration system in terms of LCC reduction. 4) District heating is affected by fuel bills, so energy efficiency should be improved through recovering waste heat (incineration heat, etc.). Also, district cooling should be provided according to heat use to keep the temperature high in winter and low in summer.


Oil production is a complex technological process involving subsystems of different physical nature. The common power-consuming equipment of the electric drive centrifugal pump installation is electric motor, which drives the pump. When the well flow rate changes, the equipment parameters are changed, as a rule, empirically. In this regard, the development of an analytical method for selecting the parameters of electrical and technological equipment, taking into account technological restrictions, is an important task. Based on this model, a technique has been developed for selecting the optimal control station frequency and the choke diameter in terms of reducing electrical submersible pump installation losses. The proposed methodology analytically takes into account the equipment limitations and technological limitations. The application of this technique allows to achieve the optimal control of the well flow rate from the standpoint of energy efficiency, taking into account various restrictions.


Business Intelligence (BI) is a set of techniques and tools that transform raw data into meaningful information. BI helps business managers to make better decisions, which reflects into a better competitive advantage. Open source tools have the main advantage of not increasing costs for companies although it is necessary to choose an appropriate tool to meet their specific needs. For a more precise evaluation of open source BI tools, the OSSpal assessment methodology was applied, which combines quantitative and qualitative evaluation measures. Using the OSSpal methodology, this paper compares four of the top business intelligence tools: BIRT, Jaspersoft, Pentaho and SpagoBI.


The rapid and accurate identification of the opening and closing state of the knife switch in a gas insulated switchgear (GIS) is very important for the timely detection of equipment faults and for the reduction of related accidents. However, existing technologies, such as image recognition, are vulnerable to weather or light intensity, while microswitch, attitude sensing and other methods are unable to induce equipment power failure with sufficient speed, which brings many new challenges to the operation and maintenance of a GIS. Therefore, this research designs a GIS shell vibration detection system for knife switch state discrimination, introduces a deep learning algorithm for knife switch vibration signal analysis, and proposes a fast convolutional neural network (FCNN) to identify the knife switch state. For the designed FCNN, a normalization layer and a nonlinear activation layer are used after each convolution layer to obviously reduce feature quantity and increase algorithm efficiency. In order to test the recognition performance based on the vibration detection system, this study carried out two kinds of knife switch opening and closing experiments. One group with artificial noise was added, the other group did not include artifical noise, and a corresponding data set was constructed. The experimental results show that the recognition accuracy for both datasets reaches 100%, and the FCNN algorithm is better than the five classical algorithms in terms of prediction efficiency. This study shows that the vibration detection technology based on deep learning can be used to effectively identify the opening and closing state of a GIS knife switch, and is expected to be promoted and applied.


Abstract The effect of the tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Miller) resistance gene, Mi, on the feeding behavior of the potato aphid, Macrosiphum euphorbiae (Thomas), was studied using an AC electronic monitoring system. Aphids were monitored for at least 16 h on nearly isogenic tomato lines, and we observed waveforms corresponding to the stylet pathway phase, sieve element and nonphloem phase. The time to the first probe was not significantly different between resistant and susceptible tomato lines, indicating that leaf surface components were not involved in the resistance. Also, time to the first sieve element contact, as indicated by the sieve element phase waveform, was not significantly different, indicating that aphids were able to locate the sieve element equally well on resistant and susceptible lines. However, the duration of the sieve element phase was 7- to 10-fold longer on susceptible plants than on resistant plants. The insect also made more frequent and briefer probes on resistant tomato than on susceptible tomato. These results indicate that the mechanism of resistance mediated by Mi involves limitation of the duration of the sieve element phase, and salivation and ingestion of phloem fluids associated with it.


Article history: Received: 29 Oct 2011 Accepted:23 Nov 2011 Available online: 28 Oct 2012 ZJRMS 2013; 15(2): 94-97 Background: Emotion regulation and anxiety sensitivity are two psychological components which play important roles in causing anxiety disorders. This study aims at predicting the Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) based on the emotion regulation and anxiety sensitivity in university students. Materials and Methods: In this descriptive correlation study, a total of 317 students of University of Mohaghegh Ardabili were selected using available sampling method in 2010-2011 academic year and they were asked to fill out the obsessive-compulsive inventories designed for emotion regulation and anxiety sensitivity. Results: The results of regression analysis showed that reappraisal and anxiety sensitivity are the best indicators of OCD in students. Conclusion: The results indicated that the reappraisal and anxiety sensitivity play a significant role in predicting OCD in students.


Global metaphysical antirealism (or "antirealism") is often thought to entail that the identity of each and every concrete entity in our world ultimately depends on us—on our adoption of certain social and linguistic conventions, for instance, or on our use of certain conceptual schemes. Drawing on the middle‐period works of Maurice Merleau‐Ponty, I contend that metaphysical antirealism entails nothing of the sort. For Merleau‐Ponty, I argue, entities do not ultimately owe their identities to us, even though—as he puts it—their "articulations are the very ones of our existence." Once this is recognised, I maintain, certain interpretations of phenomenology are revealed to be caricatures and certain general objections to antirealism lose their force.


By reading, you can know the knowledge and things more, not only about what you get from people to people. Book will be more trusted. As this personality disordered patients treatable and untreatable, it will really give you the good idea to be successful. It is not only for you to be success in certain life you can be successful in everything. The success can be started by knowing the basic knowledge and do actions.


ELECTRIC power to operate auxiliaries is now an indispensable requirement of modern aircraft. Within the past ten years the electric load on an airplane has increased more than tenfold.1 The optimum voltage for electric systems for large aircraft already has more than exceeded the present 24-volt standard,2,3 and the use of higher-voltage systems, already tried experimentally,4 now appears to be a certainty. Moreover, the operating altitudes of modern airplanes, particularly military craft, are climbing steadily to ever increasing heights. Each of these factors indicates a need for a careful study of the requirements for insulation of aircraft electric apparatus in order to achieve minimum weight and space without sacrifice of reliability. A preliminary study of this subject was made and reported5 prior to the use of the 120-volt a-c system on the XB-19, but the projected use of 208-volt systems4 for still higher altitudes makes a more comprehensive study of this problem most timely.


e24005 Background: Aggressive end-of-life (EOL) care in cancer patients, especially the administration of chemotherapy, is considered a poor-quality measure, that may divert the treatment course from its' main palliative intent. Decisions taken at EOL are more than evidence-based and often rely on cultural and personal prospects. The universal and free Israeli health care system enables the administration of active treatment without financial or regulatory barriers, even at EOL. Two major advancements in recent years were the implementation of national at-home palliative care services and the approval of targeted and immunotherapies for advanced cancers. We hypothesized that these changes will reduce the use of chemotherapy at EOL. Methods: We sampled consecutive patients treated at a tertiary oncology center who died of advanced cancers between January 2019 to August 2020, and examined the administration of oncologic treatments near EOL. Results: A total of 294 patients were included. Their median age was 67 and 147 were men, 64% (189) of the patients received oncologic treatment during the last month before death, chemotherapy was administered in nearly two-thirds of the cases, 64% (121), followed by immunotherapy (21%, 40), targeted therapy (10%, 19) and a clinical trial (5%, 9). Neither age (P = 0.4), gender (P = 0.9), performance status (P = 0.8), disease duration (P = 0.5), and type of previous oncologic treatment (P = 0.3) were associated with aggressive EOL care. Conclusions: Our data demonstrate that in the absence of any regulatory or financial limitations, an aggressive EOL care may be administered to the majority of patients, regardless of age, performance status or disease duration. Despite increasing use of immunotherapy and targeted therapies and despite its' toxicity profile and low beneficial effect at this stage, chemotherapy remained the most commonly used type of treatment. These data call for the implementation of educational measures and appropriate universal guidelines, aiming at improving quality of treatment at the EOL, focusing on quality of life rather than the elusive potential of extending life.


In the preceding paper, we showed that the semiclassical approximation diverges at a bifurcation, and that this divergence coincides with the passage of a focused cusp through the origin. Here we obtain a wave function in the vicinity of this cusp, and we use that wave function to eliminate the divergences in the photodetachment cross section. To describe the focused cusp, we first discuss the wave function of an ordinary two-dimensional (nonfocused) cusp. This wave function is known as a Pearcey function, and it has been studied extensively. Then we show how the formulas that lead to the Pearcey function have to be modified to describe a cylindrically focused cusp. The resulting wave function turns out to be given by an integral of Fresnel type containing within it a cylindrical Bessel function. This wave function is used to derive a formula for the photodetachment cross section near a bifurcation. That formula is a simple closed-form expression containing a Fresnel integral. Comparison with exact quantum calculations shows that this corrected-semiclassical formula is quite accurate. {copyright} {ital 1997} {ital The American Physical Society}


The effects of sample temperature and reactant flow rate on aluminum etching in BBr3 and BBr3/Br2 mixtures were investigated in a parallel‐plate plasma etcher. Etch samples were bonded to the electrode with conductive epoxy to promote thermal equilibrium. Results indicated that the reaction was gas phase controlled between 30 and 140 °C; above 140 °C, the gas phase limitation may be due to reactant adsorption while a product desorption limitation may exist below 30 °C. Transport limitations were encountered at reactant flow rates below 10 sccm.


AbstractWe developed an entraining parcel approach that partitions parcel buoyancy into contributions from different processes (e.g., adiabatic cooling, condensation, freezing, and entrainment). Applying this method to research-quality radiosonde profiles provided by the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) program at six sites, we evaluated how atmospheric thermodynamic conditions and entrainment influence various physical processes that determine the vertical buoyancy structure across different climate regimes as represented by these sites. The differences of morning buoyancy profiles between the deep convection (DC)/transition cases and shallow convection (SC)/nontransition cases were used to assess preconditions important for shallow-to-deep convection transition. Our results show that for continental sites such as the U.S. Southern Great Plains (SGP) and west-central Africa, surface conditions alone are enough to account for the buoyancy difference between DC and SC cases, although entrainment fur...


An adjoint model for a 2D finite element Galerkin shallow water model is developed using the Independent Set Perturbation (ISP, [46]) sensitivity analysis. Its performance in a full 4-D Var setup with a limited area is assessed by comparing with the adjoint model derived by the automatic differentiation approach, where it is used for optimising the initial conditions. It is shown that the ISP sensitivity analysis is a very simple approach of forming the adjoint code/gradients/differentiation of discrete forward models (even complex governing equations, discretization methods and non-linear parameterizations) and is realised using a graph colouring approach combined with a perturbation method. Importantly, the adjoint is automatically updated as the forward code continues to be developed. In this work, it is shown the adjoint model using the ISP sensitivity analysis can achieve the accuracy of traditional adjoint models derived by the automatic differentiation method (TAMC). Further comparison shows that the CPU time required for running the adjoint model using the ISP sensitivity analysis is much less ∗ Corresponding author Email address: firstname.lastname@example.com (I.M. Navon). Preprint submitted to Elsevier Science 27 January 2011 than that for the automatic differentiation derived adjoint model since the ISP derived adjoint CPU time scales linearly with the problem size.


Objective: To construct the retroviral vector inserted SV40 large T antigen gene to proliferate the primary hepatocyte.Methods:Retroviral vector inserted SV40 large T antigen gene was constructed by DNA recombinant techniques in vitro. The combinant vector was determined with enzyme digestion and sequencing and transfected into packaging cell lines PA317 by means of liposome-mediated method. After anti-G418 positive clones were screened, the viral titer was determined with the NIH3T3. Results:SV40 large T antigen gene fragment was inserted into retroviral vector in sense orientation in success. The titer of pseudovirion packed by PA317 cell lines was 1.3×106 CFU/ml. Conclusions:The retroviral vector inserted SV40 large T antigen gene can be constructed successfully and the transfected PA317 cell lines can produce high titer pseudovirion.


This study provides sociological insight into the response of Inuit women to mainstream Western media representations of their culture. Historically, there have been inaccurate and stereotypical media representations of Indigenous peoples reproduced in many forms of entertainment media. Social theories such as Pierre Bourdieu's symbolic violence, Johan Galtung's cultural violence, and George Gerbner and Gaye Tuchman's symbolic annihilation are applied to contemporary media representations of Inuit women. This study explains how Inuit women make sense of popular music videos that utilize Inuit themes. Local Indigenous organizations in Rankin Inlet, Nunavut, were collaborated with to facilitate focus groups for Inuit women to express their reactions to the videos and discuss how their culture is presented in mainstream Western music videos. Key themes that were identified include the following: unrealistic Western beauty standards projected onto Indigenous women; the normalization of harmful media tropes including the silence regarding Inuit women's victimization, and the issue of missing and murdered aboriginal women; and the importance of positive role models, and self-representation of Inuit women in media.


The effect of Ipriflavone(7-isopropoxy-3-phenyi-4H-1 benzopyran-4-one)on glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis has been discussed.Experiments showed that ipriflavone dose-dependently inhibited decrease of serum calcium and increase of urinary calcium,and markedly increased serum alkaline phosphatase activity at the highest dose.Microdensitometrical analysis of roenagenograph of femurs confirmed that ipriflavone dose-dependently increased the density of both distal metaphysis and marrow region of the diaphysis as well as cortical thickness index.Furthermore,ipriflavone led to obvious iverease in dry weight.ash weight and mineral content of the femurs.femurs It is indicated that ipriflavone in effective in preventing and treating osteoporosis induced by glucocorticoid.


Abstract : This document made of viewgraphs, discussed the 120-mm cargo mortar bombs and how they comply with modern battlefield needs.


Abstract : A special-purpose digital computer designed for information search as a part of a computerized information storage and retrieval system is described. The computer does not require an internal memory since intermediate translation and search results are recorded on a number of tracks of magnetic drums. The storage capacity of the drums is large enough to permit storage of at least one of the subsections of the data base; punched and magnetic tape are used for storing the search index and the vocabulary of the remaining subsections. The computer performs the following functions: translates queries from natural to descriptive language, searches for the address codes of relevant documents, and transfers information from punched tape and magnetic tape.


Static charge generated by contact electrification is a ubiquitous phenomenon. It causes many undesirable consequences in the manufacturing processes of almost all types of industries and our daily lives. On...


Philosophical but practical current discussion of trends in education which could have a profound effect on the future of communicative sciences.


Subjective cognitive decline (SCD) is associated with an increased risk of cognitive decline and dementia, specifically in cases in the Alzheimer's continuum (amyloid positive, A+). In the present study we tested, if further stratification with additional markers is useful for identifying fast progressors within SCD‐A+.


The recent history of secondary school programmes, especially of high school programmes in this country, reveals an interesting and significant tendency. Not many years ago, the secondary school programme consisted of a single course of study, or at most of two courses of study which must be pursued, as laid down, by pupils who desired to graduate and obtain the diploma of the school. The substance of the preferred course of study was Latin, Greek, and Mathematics. The programme usually comprised also a smattering of general history, including the history of English literature, the writing of a few English essays or " compositions", and occasionally political economy and " mental science ". This was the Classical Course always pursued by those pupils who were going to college; and to it also most other pupils possessing, or at least claiming to possess, social and intellectual superiority devoted themselves. These pupils thus formed the fortunate circle of the intellectual and social (lite; and by means of the classical course those pupils who were not yet of this fortunate circle sought to gain admission to it.


This essay explores undergraduate exposure to alternative ways of knowing. At issue is whether undergraduate students are encouraged to analyze and challenge fundamental underlying premises, assumptions and beliefs of their discipline. Given the ongoing methodological debates within the social sciences, particularly concerning neo-positivists and interpretivists, the thrust of the current project is to suggest that the instruction of introductory research methods courses should offer students an opportunity to explore underlying premises, assumptions and beliefs related to such courses to ensure that a deeper sort of learning occurs. It is further argued that greater exploration of the divide between neo-positivists' and interpretivists' methods of inquiry in the social sciences is essential to provide students with a broader perspective for social analysis. This essay analyzes five, widely used introductory research methods texts in the social sciences. It is concluded that, with rare exception, the five selected textbooks provide students with little or no analysis of underlying assumptions and beliefs that form the ideological presuppositions of disciplines in the social sciences. Disciplines Sociology Comments This article is also available through the publisher's webpage: http://www.radicalpedagogy.org/ This article is available at Fisher Digital Publications: http://fisherpub.sjfc.edu/sociology_facpub/4


ABSTRACT In this study, the effect of various vermicompost substitutions (0, 25, 50, and 75%) was investigated on germination, growth and development, photosynthetic parameters, the essential oil content, and disease resistance of Thymus vulgaris. Results showed that 25% vermicompost substitution promoted the best seedling emergence indices, whereas maximum length, fresh and dry weight of aerial parts and root, chlorophyll and carotenoid contents, photosynthetic efficiency, and the highest essential oil content were observed in 50% vermicompost substitution. Vermicompost was an effective biocontrol agent against Fusarium oxysporum and Phytophthora infestans. Suppression of pathogens by vermicompost was enhanced progressively with increasing rates of substitution of vermicompost, and the highest suppression obtained in 75% vermicompost substitution. The disease protection correlated to development of activities of defense-related enzymes including β-1,3-glucanase, phenylalanine ammonialyase, polyphenol oxidase and peroxidase, and total phenolics content. These results suggest the potential of vermicompost in promoting of plant yield as well as inducing systemic resistance in Thymus vulgaris.


Let L be a finitely generated free color Lie superalgebra. We obtain new almost primitive and test elements of L. AMS Subject Classification: 17B01, 17B40


Background: Increase in the human population entails implementing family planning and contraceptive methods. Globally, modern contraception had risen from 54% in 1990 to 57.4% in 2015. Overpopulation has an adverse affects both on the society and on the environment which may lead to several hurdles, including shortage of food, diseases, and contamination of the environment.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on the females who were visiting the gynecology-OPD or admitted in gynaecology wards of Ayub Teaching Hospital. A total of 200 women pateints were interviewed and data was collected by using a structured questionnaire. The data was analyzed using SPSS 16.0.Results: Among 200 females, 64% were from rural areas and 65% were educated. The husband unemployment was as low as 4% and most of the females i.e 97% were housewives. Approximately, 71.5% of females were aware of family planning and thier major source of information was lady health workers 32%. A 63.5% agreed that family planning is good for mother's health while only 37% knew about family planning methods and 35.5% knew about various techniques of contraception. The 17% female were using male condoms as a method of contraception due to its convenience while only 10.5% knew about least adverse effects. About 22% of females knew that contraception methods can stop unwanted pregnancy while 40.5% of females were aware of the negative effects of OCPs. Conclusion: We concluded that most females were aware of family planning methods, its effects on health, its risk of failure, convenient way, permanent techniques and adverse effects of contraceptive pills.


Standardized psychological testing is desirable for accurately determining the presence of a wide range of mental disorders. This book successfully attempts to provide a practical guide to conducting efficient and accurate psychological testing in clinical settings. It is divided into three sections: Processes, Standardized Psychological Tests, and Case Examples. Section I of the book presents useful templates which explain how to ensure critical information about assessment reports. Flow charts are seen to be useful in order to overview the entire process of assessment and standardised testing, from initiation to completion. In fact, using flow charts the mental health practitioner can easily find the most important points within this section. However, it would be helpful to have page numbers in the flowchart bullet points, in order to simplify the research process for professionals who have limited time in their everyday schedules. The very useful examples of forms and of report templates for initial psychological assessment that are given here lack page numbers to give the reader a quick reference to template examples. There are also useful explanations of the specific topics of test administration, of test scoring, of interpretation, of report writing and of communicating results. Overall this section is well organised with a lot of useful and detailed templates and forms; however, the structure is at times difficult to follow, and I found it hard to track references from the descriptive sections to the case examples. Regarding section II of this book, I found it convenient that each chapter has the same structure. This supports health practitioners in familiarising themselves better with the book, and aids in the navigation of the content. This section is schematic with very detailed tables and interpretation at the end of each chapter. It is extremely useful to the readers, allowing themselves to familiarise with the variety of the tests. This practical guide is based on the diagnostic criteria from the DSM-IV-TR which can be confusing for those mental health practitioners who are using DSM-5. However, the author repeatedly refers to the specific disorders, which helps the clinicians find the most suitable diagnostic test. The final section gives a sample of clinical cases, which comes from the author's own caseload. This provides a positive impact of practice for the clinicians. Furthermore, each clinical case is described following the same template/ structure of the first section of the book. This is very useful for practitioners who want to see how to utilise the forms and tables illustrated in this book in real life. A brief overview of forensic psychology is also provided. Overall this is a very useful guide for clinicians who want a practical structure to follow in order to assess and to test patients. The author's idea of structuring the last section of the book by following the forms, tables and templates of the previous theoretical two sections is very clever and gives a tangible meaning to real-life situations. Minor issues are linked to the lack of references within each section and to the use of DSM-IV-TR. This book would be most helpful for the clinical psychologists. Psychiatrists, nurses and other mental health professionals may also find useful material here.


This chapter argues that the term 'prostitute' is part of the political grammar in Zimbabwe, used to discipline women's participation in party politics. Rather than approaching the use of this term as an unfortunate but prosaic aspect of politics, it situates the term in the now well-documented history of colonial policing and administration. 'Out of place' black women were linked to chaos and social breakdown, spurring attempts to control their visibility and mobility. The chapter argues that in likening politicians to prostitutes, women who monetize their own sexual labour, the term reveals the extent to which the control of women's bodies, sexuality, and labour remains a key focus of the post-independence state. Moreover, it examines the use of this term alongside the growing visibility and tacit acceptance of sex work in Zimbabwe's cities. Drawing from media coverage and interviews, this chapter examines the careers of four Zimbabwean female political figures, Joice Mujuru and Grace Mugabe from ZANU-PF, along with Thabitha Khumalo and Priscilla Misihairabwi-Mushonga from the MDC factions. It examines how these differently situated women have managed their public visibility under such constraints by deploying, rebuffing, or reappropriating the term prostitute.


Hydrogen exchange between ammonium and water is revisited. Exchange rate constants, diffusion coefficients and relaxation times for solutions with varied pH, temperature and concentration of a coexisting salt are measured using NMR spectroscopy. It is demonstrated that the hydrogen exchange in ammonium solutions is independent of apparent diffusion. The mechanism involves chemical bond/hydrogen bond exchange. In solutions, water molecules, with the help of hydrogen bonding, serve as a bridge to connect the ammonium with its base partner ammonia. During hydrogen exchange, the ammonia accepts a hydrogen from water while the ammonium donates a hydrogen to water, or a hydrogen jumps from water to ammonium and at the same time another hydrogen jumps back from ammonium to water. There is no net hydrogen transfer between ammonium and water. At lower pH, the concentration of ammonia becomes lower and less ammonium water ammonia complex is formed. As a result, the probability of the hydrogen exchange is reduced. This explains why at lower pH hydrogen exchange is slow, a common phenomenon observed in biological hydrogen exchange systems.


This paper presents a context-aware adaptive assembly assistance system meant to support factory workers by embedding predictive capabilities. The research is focused on the predictor which suggests the next assembly step. Hidden Markov models are analyzed for this purpose. Several prediction methods have been previously evaluated and the prediction by partial matching, which was the most efficient, is considered in this work as a component of a hybrid model together with an optimally configured hidden Markov model. The experimental results show that the hidden Markov model is a viable choice to predict the next assembly step, whereas the hybrid predictor is even better, outperforming in some cases all the other models. Nevertheless, an assembly assistance system meant to support factory workers needs to embed multiple models to exhibit valuable predictive capabilities.


It has been carried out a study of households' willingness to pay for water service in Towns East of Colombo. Towns East Water Supply Project covers three areas; Pannipitiya, Battaramulla and Kaduwela. Due to the time constraints, the socio-economic survey has been restricted to Pannipitiya Project area. The objectives of the study were to determine the following;  The willingness of households to pay for water.  The socio – economic factors of willingness to pay water. Willingness to pay studies are simply household surveys in which a member of the household is asked a series of structured questions designed to determine the maximum amount of money the household is willing to pay for a good service. Survey team consisted of ten enumerators. Sample size is 400 and it has been selected randomly to cover approximately 10% of the population of the said area. The higher percentage of households are willing to pay for water at a monthly tariff of Sri Lankan Rupees 50- 100. The principal finding of the study is that need/demand for water is the most significant variable decides the willingness to pay water. Income and other socio-economic factors are less significant.


The virtual has become the latest rostrum for ideological heteronormativity; it increasingly plays host to an insidious rhetoric of unjustifiably fixed and oppositional gender binaries that exhort heterosexuality as a norm. Conservative political and religious groups, as well as consumerist advertising, utilise digital technology to reinforce cast-in-stone and adversarial social perspectives for manipulative and exploitative ends. Contrastingly, the virtual may be mobilised to support and facilitate queering in contemporary societies and may positively counter such fixed ideological heteronormative categories of social life. Crucial in this transformative account of the virtual is the body, which is for Merleau-Ponty the horizon of engagement with the world as a condition for perception and performativity. Queer perspectives may, in turn, overcome the oversight of Merleau-Ponty (as critically suggested by Judith Butler and Iris Marion Young) regarding the specific gendered characteristics of the body itself, and allows for an expanded embodied and queer conceptualisation of the virtual. A transformative vision of the virtual entails therefore a rethinking of our understanding of digital technology through (a) the phenomenology of the body-subject and (b) queer theory. I argue that the idea of the body as entirely discursive or performative (per queer theory) needs to be adjusted by explicating the foundational ontological characteristics of the body-subject's encounter of the virtual.


The efficacy of dasiglucagon 0.6 mg has been investigated in multiple trials in individuals with T1DM. The primary endpoint was time to plasma glucose (PG) recovery from insulin-induced hypoglycemia, defined as first PG increase ≥20 mg/dL after treatment initiation without the need for IV glucose. Different PG sampling schemes were used in phase 2 (5-min intervals) versus phase 3 trials (more frequent sampling). Estimating the true but unmeasured time to recovery for each individual enables for a better comparison between trials when compared to use of observed time only. The true time was calculated using linear interpolation between the 2 time points before and after recovery occurred, assuming a linear PG increase in this limited time interval. The difference between the observed and the estimated true recovery for an individual is illustrated in the figure. The PG sample taken at 10 min is the first sample showing an increase of at least 20 mg/dL from the predose level, leading to an observed time to recovery of 10 min. Linear interpolation estimates the increase of 20 mg/dL to occur at 9 min for this individual. Using interpolated PG values, the median estimated true time to recovery for dasiglucagon was 8.7 min in the phase 2 trial and 9.0 to 9.3 min in phase 3 trials. These data provide further insight into the probable "true time to recovery" and confirm the consistent efficacy of dasiglucagon in the treatment of hypoglycemia. Disclosure T. Battelino: Advisory Panel; Self; Eli Lilly and Company, Medtronic, Sanofi, Research Support; Self; European Union, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation, Novo Nordisk, Sanofi, Slovenian Research Agency, Zealand Pharma A/S, Speaker's Bureau; Self; Abbott Diabetes, AstraZeneca, Dexcom, Inc., Eli Lilly and Company, Medtronic, Novo Nordisk, Pfizer Inc., Roche Diabetes Care, Sanofi, Stock/Shareholder; Self; DreaMed Diabetes, Ltd. L. Dimeglio: Advisory Panel; Self; MannKind Corporation. T. Danne: Research Support; Self; Abbott Diabetes, Dexcom, Inc., Eli Lilly and Company, Medtronic, Novo Nordisk, Sanofi, Tandem Diabetes Care, Zealand Pharma A/S, Stock/Shareholder; Self; DreaMed Diabetes, Ltd. A. L. Peters: Advisory Panel; Self; Abbott Diabetes, Eli Lilly and Company, MannKind Corporation, Medscape, Merck & Co., Inc., Novo Nordisk Inc., Zealand Pharma A/S, Other Relationship; Self; Livongo, Research Support; Self; Abbott Diabetes, Dexcom, Inc. T. S. Bailey: Consultant; Self; Abbott Diabetes, LifeScan, Novo Nordisk, Sanofi, Research Support; Self; Abbott, Abbott Diabetes, Biolinq, Capillary Biomedical, Inc., Dexcom, Inc., Eli Lilly and Company, Kowa Research Institute, Inc., Lexicon Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Livongo, Medtronic, Medtrum Technologies, Novo Nordisk, REMD Biotherapeutics, Sanofi, Sanvita, Viacyte, Inc., vTv Therapeutics, Zealand Pharma A/S, Speaker's Bureau; Self; BD, Medtronic, Sanofi. R. Tehranchi: Employee; Self; Zealand Pharma A/S. L. J. Klaff: Research Support; Self; Abbott Diabetes, Dong-A ST Co. Ltd., Gan & Lee Pharmaceuticals, Lexicon Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Lilly Diabetes, Medtronic, Novo Nordisk, Oramed Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Pfizer Inc., REMD Biotherapeutics. T. Pieber: Advisory Panel; Self; ADOCIA, Arecor, AstraZeneca, Eli Lilly and Company, Novo Nordisk A/S, Sanofi, Research Support; Self; AstraZeneca, Novo Nordisk A/S. U. Hovelmann: None. L. Plum-moerschel: None. A. E. Melgaard: Employee; Self; Zealand Pharma A/S. R. Aronson: None.


In this article, we introduced the operating principle, technical parameters and function of a high-performance 10 bits serial A/D converters chip TLC1549. This paper introduces this chip's application circuit and software program code in the seismic instrument development in detail, which offered this chip's development experience for the instrument developers.


How do people estimate the orientation of other people's faces? We observed that two images of a face seen from the same orientation, but illuminated from different angles, appeared to have different orientations. The first experiment was designed to document and quantify this phenomenon with respect to the average orientation of the face. The images were rendered on a black background that made it impossible to discriminate the shadowed facial parts from the background. We determined the physical orientation shift necessary to compensate for the illumination-induced effect. Results showed that the measured illumination-induced apparent orientaion shift (IAOS) correlates positively with the average orientation of the face and reaches values of up to 9°. This correlation implies that the mechanism is not based on local surface attitude judgements. We propose a model in which the symmetry plane of the face is detected, and then a comparison is made between the visible parts on both sides of this plane. The effect of the shadow occluding parts of the faces would then be responsible for the apparent orientation shift. To test this hypothesis we repeated the first experiment using a background colour that allowed subjects to perceive the true outline of the faces. We found that the IAOS was reduced to values of less than 2° and no longer depended on the average orientation of the faces. The results imply that orientation may be judged by comparing the size of the visible parts of the left and right halves of the face.


OBJECTIVES
To determine pre-implementation perspectives of institutional, practice and vendor leadership regarding best practice for implementation of two ambulatory electronic health records (EHRs) at an academic institution.

DESIGN
Semi-structured interviews with ambulatory care network and information systems leadership, medical directors, practice managers and vendors before EHR implementation. Results were analysed using grounded theory with ATLAS.ti version 5.0.

MEASUREMENTS
Qualitative data on perceived benefits of EHRs as well as facilitators and barriers to successful implementation.

RESULTS
Interviewees perceived data accessibility, quality and safety measurement, improvement and reporting as benefits of EHR use. Six themes emerged for EHR implementation best practice: effective communication; successful system migration; sufficient hardware, technical equipment, support and training; safeguards for patient privacy; improved efficiency; and a sustainable business plan.

CONCLUSIONS
Achieving the benefits of EHRs identified by our interviewees depends on successful implementation and use. Further identification of best implementation practices for EHRs is required, given the financial and clinical consequences of poor implementation.


During the past decade, unprecedented changes have taken place in the economic life of Asia. Major reforms have been undertaken in large countries like China and India; also smaller Asian countries like Mongolia have moved away from centrally planned socialist systems to market-oriented structures, while Singapore has emerged as a unique Asian country with a significant place in the global competitiveness stakes. As each country endeavours to respond to a particular set of national socio-economic imperatives, the overall diver sity of the Asian context intensifies. Increasingly, it is becoming difficult to develop a pan-Asian basis of managerial ideology and practice to provide a counterpoint to the traditional managerial theories developed in the West. In spite of this, a homogenous pattern is emerging in the work goal priorities of managers across Asia. The transitional context of Mongolia, the competitive context of Singapore, and the socio-economic reform agenda in India may be similar in terms of the managerial priorities in each of these contexts which are converging rapidly. This article explores the nature of convergence taking place in managerial work goals in three Asian countries to evaluate the priorities of managers as they respond to their respective societal contexts of transi tion, reform and global competitiveness. The empirical study reported in this article compares and contrasts managerial work goals through data collected by surveying managers in India, Mongolia and Singapore. The article aims to contribute to the strengthening of the empirical basis of Asian managerial ideas and practices.


Nanocavities were formed in Si substrates by conventional H implantation and thermal annealing, after which the samples were amorphized by Si ion irradiation. The size evolution of the nanocavities was monitored in situ during further ion irradiation with Si or As at temperatures of 300 or 600 K. The decrease in nanocavity diameter during ion irradiation depended linearly on the ion fluence. The rate of shrinkage differed according to the ion beam-induced atomic displacement rate and had little or no temperature dependence. These in situ results shed new light on possible ion-beam-induced nanocavity shrinkage mechanisms.


The following brief items are outlined: the MeTTeG (Methodologies, Technologies and Tools Enabling e-Government) Conference, open government and human networks in Greece, and highlights of the 4th International Conference on eDemocracy 2010.


The purpose of this study was to assess the perception and to examine the ethical dilemma faced by critical care providers in a tertiary teaching hospital in Tanzania when caring for terminal patients. The study was guided by four specific objectives including, first to assess how the critical care Nurses perceive and understands end of life issues encountered during caring for terminal patients, second to explore the ethical dilemmas faced by Nurses during the course of duty in caring for terminal ill client, third to find out the psychological impact of end of life issues to critical care providers working in the ICU and lastly to determine the challenges encountered by critical care providers working in the ICU. The study was conducted from Muhimbili National Hospital (MNH) in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. The population of the study was subgroup of nurses based on qualifications, expertise and experience, working from medical ICU, surgical ICU, cardiac ICU and CCU. All the nurses who met the above criteria were included in the study. The researcher applied both structure and unstructured interview to collect data. The study results shows that, majority of nurses come across end of life issues more frequently in ICU and most of them find these issues very uncomfortable. Nurses have negative perception towards a number of end of life issues for example they don't support the medical team to decide on withdrawing treatments. The other study result shows that nurses are psychologically and physically affected by end of life issues whereby most of them suffer from moral distress. Also, ethical dilemmas encountered by nurses in the ICU are mostly on truth telling; withdraw of treatment to vegetative patients and allocation of resources. Lastly the researcher found that, lack of adequate ICU training, lack of policies and protocol on withdraw of treatments and inadequate of equipments as the main challenges among nurses working in the ICU. The researcher suggest that the management must ensure well staffing as per universal standards, ideally nurse patient ratio in ICU should be 1:1, the procurement department must ensure the availability of equipment and consumables which all the nurses cited as one of the biggest hindrance to quality care provision and contributes to their dilemmas and stress. The hospital should do enough capacity building to cater for the size of the hospital, ideally and universal standards says, at least 10% of the total hospital bed capacity should be able to be accommodated into the ICU, hence Muhimbili hospital with a bed capacity of 1500 beds, must have at least 150 ICU beds. Abbreviation and acronyms ICU Intensive Care Unit MNH : Muhimbili National Hospital HCP : Health Care Providers DNR : Do Not Resuscitate DNAR : Do Not Attempt Resuscitation Orders CPR : Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation OJT : On job training. NM : Nurse Midwife BSc : Bachelor of Science in nursing MSN : Masters of science in nursing TAU : Texila American University.


It is through their bodies that film stars incarnate values and identities. This article considers the star bodies of Ge´rard Depardieu and Patrick Dewaere in order to explore what they say about the period of their shared stardom in the 1970s and early 1980s. It evaluates in particular the origins of their acting style, the distinction between their early images, and the negotiation of their star images over time, which has seen Depardieu shift from a threatening working-class body to a reassuring, universalised presence, while Dewaere's glamorous and sporty image collapsed as his star body degenerated. Finally, conclusions will be drawn regarding the cultural and social meanings embodied by each star: Depardieu reconciling opposites in his living body, Dewaere representing a process of idealism, failure, etiolation and death.


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The theory of noise and frequency conversion in two-diode mixers is presented. The diodes are assumed to have non-linear conductance and capacitance, series resistance, and shot and thermal noise. The series resistance can include a frequency dependent skin-effect component. Any linear embedding network is allowed. Computed examples are given showing the effect of the loop inductance in subharmonically pumped mixers.


Truss structures are widely used in large- and medium-sized remote sensing cameras.The ideal joint for a truss is the hinged one.However,a rigid joint is often used in practical applications. To compare the stiffness and strut material utilization of the trusses using different joints,the bipod structures used commonly in trusses are analyzed firstly.Then,by taking a Serrurier truss as an example, the fundamental frequency of the trusses using two different joints and the maximum stress yielded by the weight of their front frames are calculated in theory.The result shows that the trusses using two different joints have nearly a similar integral stiffness.But in material utilization,the truss using a hinged joint is better than that using a rigid joint.Its strut can save about 21.87%in weight.Finally,the finite element analysis is carried out by using the Nastran software.The analysis result shows that the theoretical calculation is correct and the difference between the two calculation results is less than 1.12%.


The strong electroabsorption modulation possible in Ge/SiGe quantum wells promises efficient, CMOS-compatible integrated optical modulators. We demonstrate surface-normal asymmetric Fabry-Perot and microdisk resonator modulators employing Ge quantum wells grown on silicon.


practices to the business strategy to maximize vertical fit. HR practices should be strategically linked and aligned to business strategy to ensure the promotion of these objectives (Wright and McMahan, 1992). Schuler and Jackson (1987) postulate the types of the HRM practices needed to be aligned to organization strategy. HR practices entirely follow different patterns for different organization strategies. In the case of differentiation strategy used in this study, impetus is given for free thinking and generation of new ideas. Performance appraisal has a long-term focus and focuses on long-term results. Human resource management practices if designed correctly would be enhanced through differentiation strategy for sustainable competitive advantage (Bidgoli, 2011). Porter argued that HRMpractices have powerful effect on competitive advantage through differentiation strategy. HRM practices help the firm to differentiate itself through differentiation strategy that would lead to competitive advantage Abstract : Sustainable competitive advantage has become a key topic of interest in Human Resource Management (HRM). Most of the companies are practicing the use of human resource information systems to gain competence, efficacy and competitive advantage. The population of the study constituted 62 firms quoted at the Nairobi Securities Exchange. The cross-sectional research design has been adopted here. The questionnaire was used for collection of primary data. The study's respondents were the managers from HR department across the different companies. A response rate of 63% was achieved. Multiple regression analysis was used to analyse the data. The findings indicated that the joint effect of HRIS, HRM on competitive advantage. This study's results contribute to knowledge by combining and testing the joint effect of HRIS, HRM practices and differentiation strategy on competitive advantage. Policy should be advanced in the areas of HRIS, HRM practices, differentiation strategies and competitive advantage. The results of the study should also be of importance to firms listed on NSE since it will outline the association between HRIS, HRM Practices, differentiation strategy and competitive advantage. Managers could use the findings of this study to identify competitive drivers in their respective organizations. the effect HRIS, HRM practices on each predictor


A new global chassis control strategy developed in two steps is proposed using the suspension actuators only. First, a robust H∞ Linear Parameter Varying (LPV) suspension controller is designed to ensure robust performance w.r.t parameter uncertainties. The interest of such a controller relies on its inherent structure which allows for performance adaptation through the variation of a scalar coefficient c0. The second step consists in adding a feedforward compensator which controls the anti-roll distribution of the suspension forces to improve the vehicle safety in the presence of longitudinal and lateral disturbances. The control scheme consists in controlling the yaw rate through a model reference control. The global chassis control then relies on the adaptation of the suspension performance (comfort/safety), according to the anti-roll distribution. The interest of the methodology is emphasized through numerical simulations on a full vehicle non linear model, including chassis and tires. Biographical Notes: Alessandro Zin received the degree in mechanical engineering in 2002 from INSA Lyon, France, and a Ph.D. degree in Automatic control from the Grenoble Institut of Technology (Grenoble INP) in 2005, under the supervision of O.Sename and L.Dugard. He research topic concern ve-hcile dynamcis, in particular suspension control, using H∞ control approach. He is now working as an engineer, involved in control of automotive systems. Olivier Sename received a Ph.D. degree in 1994 from the Ecole Cen-trale Nantes, France. He is now Professor at the Grenoble Institut of Technology (Grenoble INP), within the GIPSA-lab. His main research interests include theoretical studies in the field of time-delay systems and network-controlled systems (control of teleoperation systems with communication delays and integrated control/real-time scheduling code-sign), as well as control applications of automotive vehicle suspensions, engine controls. He has collaborated with several industrial partners A feedback-feedforward strategy for global chassis control through anti-roll distribution using active suspensions search projects (Mexico, Hungary). He is the (co-)author of 6 book chapters, 20 international journal papers, and more than 80 international conference papers. He has supervised 15 Ph.D. students. Recherche Scientifique ". Luc Dugard has published about 90 papers and/or chapters in international journals or books and more than 220 international conference papers. He has co advised 28 PhD students. His main research interests include (or have included) theoretical studies in the field of adaptive control, robust control, time delay systems. The main control applications are oriented towards electromechanical systems, process control and automotive systems (suspensions, chassis and common rail …


The meter electronics (20) for determining a first sensor signal and the phase difference between two sensor signals of the flow meter is provided according to an embodiment of the invention. The meter electronics 20 includes a first sensor signal and a second sensor interface 201 for receiving signals and includes a processing system 203 in communication with the interface 201, the processing system 203 is the second consists of receiving a first sensor signal and a second sensor signal, and to generate the first ninety degree phase shift from the first sensor signal, computing the first frequency from the first sensor signal and the ninety degree phase shift. The processing system 203 is further configured to, using the sine and cosine signals demodulated orthogonal to the first sensor signal and a second sensor signal to generate sine and cosine signals using the frequency, and determining the phase difference do.


The high-Tc rf SQUID (superconducting quantum interference device) sensor, in which the rf SQUID was placed face to face with superconductor flux concentrator/dielectric resonator, was designed and fabricated. The SQUID sensor was made up of a SQUID washer (with an area of 9.6 mm and an inductance of 150 pH) and a flux focusing/dielectric resonator (with an area of 100 mm and an resonant frequency varied from 430 to 650 MHz). The author conducted a test to prove that with a white flux noise spectral density of SΦ 1/2=3×10-5Φ0/ Hz 1/2 and field sensitivity of BN100 fT/Hz , this flux focusing/dielectric resonator-type rf SQUID sensor can work stably where electromagnetic interference is smaller.


Bicameral parliaments are a normal feature of constitutions in federal states. They are often said to be used because of their stabilizing function for intransitive collective decisions. Intransitive decisions may occur because of logrolling. But while theory states the ubiquity of voting cycles, cycles are observed very rarely. The article argues that logrolling does not lead to cycles, but to coalitions, that are stable for a time period. The reason lies in the endogeneity of alternatives in collective decisions, as is shown by Buchanan/Congleton (1998). If logrolling does not lead to cycles, but to stable outcomes, bicameral parliaments do not stabilize collective decisions. But they alter the nature of equilibrium outcomes. The article applies these findings to the Deutscher Bundesrat.


This is a part of a broader research about discourse markers in consversational storytelling, and has been carried out by the author on a bilingual (Catalan/Spanish) corpus. The paper focuses on markers such as resulta que, lo que passa es que and el cas es que, whose function consists of the introduction of new discourse topics.


Sintering parameters are undoubtedly among the many factors that influence the mechanical properties and hydrothermal ageing resistance of tetragonal zirconia ceramics. In this research, the effect of using short holding times i.e. (1 min., 30 min. and 1 hour) as compared to the conventional 2 hours during sintering of 3 mol% Yttria Tetragonal Zirconia Polycrystals (3Y-TZP) on the mechanical properties were systematically investigated. The research revealed that holding time of 1 minute and sintered at 1400oC yielded a high relative density (above 95% of theoretical density) and high Young's modulus (above 180 GPa) without compromising on tetragonal phase stability and mechanical properties. The study also revealed that the bulk density is an important parameter governing the matrix stiffness of 3Y-TZPs and that grain size strongly influences the transformability and consequently, the toughness of 3Y-TZPs. The toughness of the ceramic was observed to increase steeply when grains exceeded 0.52 µm, which has been identified as the critical grain size for toughening.


The interleaved flyback converter of SPWM control,makes good use of the advantages of the converter Combined with the fast response and high stability characteristics of SPWM.It has the characteristics of simple topology,small ripple of the output,high stability,small voltage spike of the power switch and so on.It introduced the principle of the complementary output to realize the dc half-sinusoid transform of the output of the interleaved flyback converter of SPWM control,and the theoretical analysis of the principle and method for generating SPWM by DSP.The results of the experiment verified the feasibility of the design,it enhances the overall performance of the circuit and it wouldn't increase the burden of the design of hardware circuit.


Equation-of-state, temperature, and electrical-conductivity data were measured for a solution of water, ammonia, and isopropanol at shock pressures up to 200 GPa. The chemical composition is similar to that of the fluid mixture thought to be the major constituent of the giant planets Uranus and Neptune.


A comprehensive and thorough investigation of electron transport properties in unstrained and strained Si<inf>1−x</inf>Ge<inf>x</inf> alloys is presented. Ohmic majority and minority drift mobilities, effective densities of states and saturation drift velocities are reported up to Ge contents of x = 0.3. The mobility model is verified by measurements of the in-plane majority drift mobility for various dopant concentrations and Ge contents. Saturation drift velocities are determined by full band Monte Carlo simulations. In strained Si<inf>1−x</inf>Ge<inf>x</inf> there is no substantial reduction of the mobility component perpendicular to the Si/SiGe interface above dopant concentrations of 1019 cm−3 for increasing Ge content x. In contrast, the saturation drift velocity decreases strongly for growing Ge content.


This paper gives a vivid picture about Aluminium matrix composite. P/M aluminium and aluminium matrix composites offer lower density, improved strength, stiffness, and wear resistance. The materials are produced from both blended elemental powders and pre alloyed powders with additives by a range of processing routes such as sintering, compression and annealing. The purpose of the investigation is to study the characteristics of selected Al-Cu composition. Because aluminium is silvery –white in colour and extensively used where a light non corrosive metal is desired as an aircraft and automobile components where the saving of weight is an added advantage and moreover Aluminium finds its widest use when alloyed with small amount of other metals.


During the COVID-19 pandemic, teaching and learning activities have been shifted to online learning. Therefore, online discussion activities were carried out to achieve learning objectives. The transition of learning methods was expected to be able to replace face-to-face teaching and learning activities in schools. This research aimed to find out the reflection on the problems and how to solve the problems in online discussion activities by EFL Student-Teachers. The method used in this research is qualitative with narrative as the research design. Providing a questionnaire and interview that must be answered by EFL Student-Teachers. The participants of this research were 26 EFL Student-Teachers from one of the University in Cirebon who have carried out PLP II activities. The results of this research indicated that online discussion activities required good media and preparation for teaching and learning activities. EFL Student-Teachers were required to be creative in carried online discussion activities to get students' attention, and EFL Student-Teachers must be able to solve the problem faced during the online discussion as the reflection of teaching and learning activities.

Keywords: Reflective Practice, Online Discussion, EFL Student-Teachers, COVID-19.


We investigated the temperature and pressure dependence of carrier recombination processes occurring in GaAsSb edge‐emitting lasers operating near 1.3 μm. Below ∼100 K, the threshold current, I th, is dominated by the radiative current, I rad, and is proportional to temperature, T. However, above 100 K, non‐radiative recombination increases abruptly such that by 125 K it accounts for 40% of I th. From high pressure measurements at this temperature, we find that the non‐radiative current decreases with increasing pressure, consistent with the presence of Auger recombination. At room temperature, non‐radiative recombination accounts for ∼90% I th and gives rise to a super‐linear temperature dependence of I th, in spite of the fact that I rad ∝ T. At room temperature the non‐radiative current increases with increasing pressure, indicating that under ambient operating conditions, the devices are also limited by carrier leakage into the Γ‐minimum of the GaAs barriers and possibly also into the X‐minima of the GaAsP confining layers. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)


Different application areas with various chareeteristics and requirements are feeing a wide offering of LAN concepts. Being encouraged by standardization bodies like IEEE or ECMA this development surely will not change in the future. The performance evaluation of !rleQuate network concepts decisively depends on these attributes which can be specified by the worklOCK! of the epplication eree. This peper describes the analysis of e technical-scientific program development environment as one of these user scenarios by the development of appropriate models to describe the user behaviour. The model parameters are quantified by lOCK! measurements and result in the dedicated worklOCK! of this specific environment. Furthermore, we discuss purpose and problems of lOCK! measurements at en university computer center end enelyse the results.


echocardiography and angiographic investigations prior to catheterization.4 Kute VB et al.5 have also successfully demonstrated safe use of HD catheter into the PLSVC for 2 months. Thus, it is of utmost importance to keep in mind the incidence of PLSVC, its associated abnormalities and variations, and its anatomical course while managing patients with difficult central venous access or diagnosed cases of PLSVC. One should perform vascular access in these rare cases of anomalous thoracic veins in a hybrid operating room with cardiac monitoring, and with the aid of various image guidance techniques like echocardiography, DSA and fluoroscopy. This will ensure safe and precise placement of a vascular access catheter after complete delineation of the anomalous anatomy.


"Summary form only given. The integral quality criteria for the estimation of closed dynamic feedback-control systems are researched. The method for the taking into account of the restricted overshoot demand is suggested. The example of the use of modified by such way criterion for the third-order object is given. The optimization results with PID- regulator and with PIDD-regulator are compared. The discussed example for the modeling is taken from the practice of the laser system regulator design.


Objective  To examine who reported using unsolicited prostate cancer screening decision aids distributed as part of a randomized controlled trial, whether reported use varied by type of aid (video or pamphlet), and what affect reported use had on study outcomes.


Introduction
Emerging tobacco products have become increasingly popular, and the FDA extended its authority to all products meeting the definition of a tobacco product in 2016. These changes may lead to shifts in public perceptions about tobacco products and regulation, and national surveys are attempting to assess these perceptions at the population level. This manuscript describes the item development and cognitive interviewing of the tobacco product and regulation perception items included in two tobacco-focused cycles of the Health Information National Trends Survey (HINTS-FDA).

Methods
Cognitive interviewing was used to investigate how respondents comprehended and responded to tobacco product and regulation perception items. Adult participants (n=20) were selected purposively to oversample current tobacco users, and were interviewed in two iterative rounds. Weighted descriptive statistics from the fielded HINTS-FDA surveys (n=5,474) were also calculated.

Results
Items were generally interpreted as intended, and participants meaningfully discriminated between tobacco products when assessing addiction perceptions. Response selection issues involved inconsistent reporting among participants with little knowledge or ambivalent opinions about either government regulation or tobacco products and ingredients, which resolved when a "don't know" response option was included in the survey. The fielded survey found that a non-negligible proportion of the population do not have clear perceptions of emerging tobacco products or government regulation.

Conclusions
A "don't know" response option is helpful for items assessing many emerging tobacco products, but presents several analytic challenges that should be carefully considered. Multiple items assessing specific tobacco product and regulation perception items are warranted in future surveys.