Stem Cell-mediated Therapy for High-grade Glioma: Toward Phase I-II Clinical Trials Grant Award Details Stem Cell-mediated Therapy for High-grade Glioma: Toward Phase I-II Clinical Trials Grant Type: Disease Team Research I Grant Number: DR1-01421 Project Objective: To develop a combination cell/small molecule therapy for recurrent glioblastoma and file an IND for a Phase 1 first-in-human trial. In the Phase 1 trial, gene-modified NSCs will be injected into the resected tumor bed to track residual tumors and locally convert systemically administered CPT11 to SN-38. Some patients will receive iron-labeled NSCs to allow cell tracking by MRI. Investigator: Name: Karen Aboody Institution: City of Hope, Beckman Research Institute Type: PI


A mathematical model on carbon coated   monolith   using the  linear driving force model is develop. The computer program is writted in MATLAB and simulation using data from [4] for cell density 200 cpsi was used to studies the effect of different variables on breakthrough profiles.  The result showed that the breakthrough curve of the monolith is very sharp. Because of its an open structure and  lower pressure drop,   monolith  is an attractive alternative internals for separation. Keywords:  Adsorption, modeling, simulation, carbon coated monolith, breakthrough


AbstractThe Northern Hemisphere (NH) stratospheric signals of eastern Pacific (EP) and central Pacific (CP) El Nino events are investigated in stratosphere-resolving historical simulations from phase 5 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5), together with the role of the stratosphere in driving tropospheric El Nino teleconnections in NH climate. The large number of events in each composite addresses some of the previously reported concerns related to the short observational record. The results shown here highlight the importance of the seasonal evolution of the NH stratospheric signals for understanding the EP and CP surface impacts. CMIP5 models show a significantly warmer and weaker polar vortex during EP El Nino. No significant polar stratospheric response is found during CP El Nino. This is a result of differences in the timing of the intensification of the climatological wavenumber 1 through constructive interference, which occurs earlier in EP than CP events, related to the anomalous e...


This insulator is of the type composed of a core A on which is molded a skirt of insulating material 3 and provided with fins 4, the core being itself composed of an axial rod 2 of composite material on the ends which are butted end sleeves of fastener caps 7-8. According to the invention, the rod 2 is composed of a core of longitudinal fibers which are parallel and connected by a thermosetting resin, while each of the sleeves of the fixing end caps 7-8 is linked to the corresponding end of ring on the one hand, by uniformly distributed radial clamping of the sleeve on it, and on the other hand, by penetration of the metal of the sleeve into the gaps between fibers of the casing 6.


Salkowski investigated in the course of his trials regarding the usefulness of saccharine, the digestion of starch under the influ ence of this agent. He discovered that a concentrated and even a five-times diluted solution of saccharine entirely inhibits the influence of the salivary ferment upon starch. He regards this effect exclusively as an acid effect, because it entirely disappears when the mixtures are neutralized. John investigated the influence of a large number of organic acids upon the starch conversion, and found that the organic acids of the fat series in very small proportion (hydrochloric acid also) promote the saccharification of starches by mixed unfiltered saliva of alkaline reaction. This effect depends upon a union with the acids. By means of small quantities of free acid^ an inhibition of salivary action is induced, the inhibition coefficient stands in no relation to the chemical constitution of the acid. Oxalic acid, which acts most poisonously upon the general system, also possesses the greatest power of inhibition upon the diastatic process; acetic acid, which is most commonly used, possesses almost the least, a fact which probably may be explained upon the theory of adap tation. It is remarkable, too, that the apparently innocent tartaric acid exercises a very powerful inhibitory influence. Hence, it would appear that a union of the salivary ferment with an acid is not the effective principle of the inhibition. This effect of organic acid upon the salivary enzyme may be compared, on account of its want of amenability to any law, to the effect of an anti-bacterial agent upon the vital process of the lowest life elements. Virchow's Archiv.


Microstructural ZnO whiskers have been fabricated by sintering the mixture of ZnO and graphite powders in air. Scanning electron microscopy characterization showed that the whiskers have hexagonal morphologies with prismatic tips. The measurements of X-ray diffraction, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and Raman scattering spectroscopy showed that the product was composed of wurtzite phase ZnO. The photoluminescence of the micro-whsikers exhibited strong ultraviolet bandedge emission accompanied by a broad weak green band. The growth process has been interpreted by vapor-liquid-solid mechanism. The formation of the hexagonal morphologies has been attributed to the lowest energy argument.


The geodesics on a relativistic manifold are given by the well-known equation involving the Christoffel coefficients. This equation can be solved numerically step by step and transposed into a quantization. We study here the effect of this quantization on the Schwarzschild spacetime, more precisely in the Kruskal-Szekeres map.


This paper describes a novel magnetic force control method using functional materials and its application in a magnetic levitation system. This force control is based on the inverse magnetostrictive effect of giant magnetostrictive material (GMM) and realized by composing a closed parallel magnetic circuit with a permanent magnet in magnetic yoke. The magnetic force between movable and fixed yokes can be adjusted by controlling the strain in the GMM rod. For the purpose of efficiently controlling the strain of the GMM rod, a magnet-electric composite element is constructed, in which two functional materials, a GMM rod and a piezoelectric ring actuator are mechnically coupled via strain. The magnetization in the GMM rod can be controlled by adjusting the voltage of the piezoelectric actuator. It is demonstrated that this element works to adjust magnetic force with low energy consumption and has high frequency bandwidth. As an application of this element. a magnetic levitation system was proposed. With simple PD control, the yoke was successfully levitated and the advantages of low power consumption was confirmed.


In order to characterize the diversity of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) in infected individuals, 10 colonies of H. pylori were isolated from the gastric juice of 25 patients with gastroduodenal diseases (total 250 isolates).


The receptor subtype (s) mediating the enhancement of facial motoneuron exctitability by serotonin (5‐HT) was evaluated by means of single‐cell recording in vivo (in the anesthetized rat) and in vitro in brain slices. In vivo, microiontophoretic application of the broad‐spectrum 5‐HT1 agonist 5‐carboxamidotryptamine (5‐CT), the 5‐HT2/5‐HT1c agonist 1‐[2,5‐demethoxy‐4‐methylphenyl]‐2‐aminopropane (DOM), but not the selective 5‐HT1A agonist 8‐OH‐2[di‐n‐propylamino]tetralin (8‐OH‐DPAT), produced a 5‐HT‐like enhancement of facial motoneuron excitability. Intravenous administration of the 5‐HT2/ 5‐HT1c antagonists ritanserin and LY 53857 in vivo blocked the facilitatory effects of 5‐HT and DOM, but not norepinephrine (NE). Similarly, in brain slices, bath application of ritanserin blocked the effects of 5‐HT, DOM, and 5‐CT, but not NE on facial motoneurons. Intracellular recordings showed that DOM induced a slow depolarization and an increase in evoked spikes, but these effects were of lesser magnitude and longer duration than those produced by 5‐HT. Taken together these result indicate a a role for 5‐HT2 and/or 5‐HT1c but not 5‐HT1A receptors in serotonergic enhancement of facial motoneuron excitability since 5‐HTs effect was (1) at least partially mimicked by the selective 5‐HT2/5‐HTlc agonist DOM, (2) mimicked by the broad‐spectrum 5‐HT1 agonist 5‐CT but not the selective 5‐HTlA agonist 8‐OH‐DPAT, and (3) blocked by the 5‐HT2/5‐HT1c antagonists ritanserin and LY 53857.


A hollow cylindrical specimen was designed for testing rubber in shear deformation using a Dynamic Mechanical Analyser series 7. Test results showed that a lower coefficient of variation for storage modulus is obtained with this system than using a compressive pellet sample in a cup-and-plate deformation. This shear test has been developed to characterise four grades of natural rubber: Standard Thai Rubber (STR) 5 L; STR 20; RSS and skim block. Over a frequency range of 0.1 HZ to 50.0 Hz, and 0.5% strain, the effect of rubber grade, temperature, degree of mastication and the amount of carbon black (N330) was investigated. Dynamic complex and real viscosities were determined and showed good agreement with the shear flow viscosity obtained from experiments with a Rosand capillary rheometer. However, limitations of this shear technique were found, such as a failure of test specimen at temperatures approaching the molten state of rubber, and insufficient force, control for very stiff specimens with high carbon black loading.


Superhydrophobic surfaces were prepared on copper foils via a facile assistant surface oxidation technology and subsequent chemical modification with low free energy materials. The three-dimensional (3D) honeycomb-like porous structures made up of nanoslices of hydroxy cupric phosphate heptahydrate (Cu8(PO3OH)2(PO4)4 7H2O) single crystals were constructed by immersing copper foil in an aqueous solution of phosphoric acid and hydrogen peroxide. The pore size of the 3D structure ranges from hundreds of nanometers to two micrometers, and the thickness of the two-dimensional (2D) nanoslices is about 50 100 nm. The wettability of the porous surfaces was transformed from superhydrophilic to superhydrophobic by chemical modification with octadecanethiol (ODT) or 1H,1H,2H,2H-perfluorodecyltriethoxysilane (PDES). It was found that the 3D porous structures of the surfaces helped to amplify the wettability. The resulting static contact angles (CAs) for water were larger than 160° on both of the modified surfaces. Compared with the surface modified with ODT, the PDES-modified surface has lower contact angle hysteresis (CAH) for water droplets. It should provide new insight to prepare novel multifunctional materials with potential industrial applications such as corrosion prevention, drag reduction, self-cleaning, and so forth.


In this article, a fault-tolerant strategy based on model predictive current control (MPCC) is proposed to improve the output torque capacity and decrease the torque ripple of a five-phase permanent synchronous magnet motor (PMSM) drive under single and multiple open-circuit faults operations (OCFs). On the principle of the optimal current control, the current reference is modified to suppress torque ripple. Finally, the proposed strategy is proved effective by experiments.


The individualized cultivation of college students has a strong correlation with the career planning. Personalization is the logical starting point of career planning. There are some problems existing in current individualized cultivation, such as unreasonable curriculum, obsolete teaching management methods, and monotonic evaluation mechanisms, which restrict the development of college students' personalities. Therefore, it is better for universities' leaders to adopt individualized education concepts, recruit and train professional teachers. Meanwhile, they should try to change the assessment system, and reform teaching management to achieve the goal of individualized cultivation of college students.


Improved electron-photon spin conversion efficiency is a key component of technological platforms for optospintronics integration in information processing; this concept is based on optical devices transmitting and receiving spin information superimposed on light. Semiconductor quantum dots (QDs) are the most promising materials for optospintronic devices; however, in addition to their weak room-temperature luminescence, their electron-photon spin conversion efficiencies are lower than 50%. Here, we present semiconductor QDs embedded in quantum wells (QWs) containing quasi-QDs. The proposed semiconductor hybrid nanosystem with gradual quantum dimensionality reduction demonstrates luminescence one order of magnitude stronger than that of conventional QDs and an electron-photon spin conversion efficiency of almost 80% at room temperature. Optical characterization reveals that efficient carrier capture, suppressed depolarized-spin reinjection, and quasi-three-dimensional quantum confinements in the QWs facilitate the highly efficient electron-photon spin conversion. This study constitutes a significant advance towards the realization of QD-based spin-functional optical devices for electron-spin-based quantum information platforms.


Tissue Factor is a plasma membrane glycoprotein that initiates the blood coagulation cascade when it binds coagulation factor Vila. It will on y bind Vlla productively, however, when it has undergone a transition from cryptic to active form. The nature of this transition involves an allosteric disulfide bond in the membrane-proximal domain of the cofactor. Allosteric disulfides control protein function by breaking or forming in a precise and often dynamic way. The Tissue Factor allosteric disulfide is cleaved in the cryptic form of the co-factor and formed in the active state. Both the oxidoreductase, protein disulphide isomerase, and the thiol alkylator, NO, have been implicated in control of the redox state of the Tissue Factor bond.


For many medieval scholars, the problem inherent in courtly literature has been located in the dichotomization of the lady into either an inaccessible ideal or an imperfect and all too-feeling woman: The contrast between the poetic ideal of the unattainable lady and the reality of the passionate lady, between the noble pretense and the indulgent action reiterates the problem inherent in courtly literature from the beginning (Jackson 33). The "paradoxical portrait of the |lady' who is admired and the |woman' who is feared" as Burns more recently describes it (254), has elicited an avalanche of scholarly commentary about the contradictions inherent in the depiction of the courtly lady. Most scholarly characterizations of the courtly lady are derived from the canso lady paradigm because the canso not only comprises the bulk of the extant lyric corpus but because it has also been considered (by contemporaries and scholars alike) to be the most exalted genre of courtly lyric and therefore deemed exemplary in every way.(2) The canso lady, however, as has been amply noted, lacks personalized traits, appearing instead as "an emblematic figure, a mirror of all the virtues that distinguish the courtly class" (Goldin, Mirror 35), a "reflecting mirror for the state of moral perfection to which the male lover aspires" (Burns 258).(3) Because the idealized and distant canso lady "always isolated in splendor" (Goldin, Mirror 35), is perfect, she must also be silent. Ferrante comments that "in the canso, the form in which most Provencal love poetry was written, the woman never appears or speaks for herself, and is rarely even described--the poet is entirely taken up with his own fantasies" (70). Indeed, the canso lady is elevated to so lofty a height that her responses to experience, including those to her suitor, are undecipherable. Worshipped but unresponsive, perfect but inert, she is a virtual prisoner of the pedestal. Were she to venture beyond the fixed and static confines of the ideal, she would crack the image in the glass which mirrors-and freezes-her perfection. Furthermore, should she "conceive a passion of her own for her adorer, she would swing right down from her exalted height to a position of equality" (Saville 221). Responsive speech would make her human rather than transcendent, simultaneously "killing" her sublimity and dispelling his fantasy. Hence, she has no voice and no choice. Despite the canso lady's perfection, medieval poets nevertheless found it useful to create a number of distinctive genres in which women played widely differing roles. These diverse roles have gone unappreciated. More intriguing and active female figures emerge, for example, in the two genres traditionally considered the least courtly, the alba and pastorela.(4) While feminist scholars have extended our understanding of the socio-political dynamics of the figure of the canso lady, few have touched on the more novel and interesting, if only because more marginal, alba and pastorela women. Ironically, the silent canso lady, who functions as an idealized reflection of the male speaker, has been critically invoked as the feminine model, while the expressive alba and pastorela ladies--who serve functions other than to ennoble the male wooer/singer--have been overlooked altogether. Hence, if "courtly literature of the twelfth century is the first secular medieval literature in which women play an important role" (Ferrante 67), it is in the voices of the less idealized alba and pastorela women that her role is first dramatically articulated. These ladies should occupy a central position in the discussion of the image of woman in medieval literature. The alba and pastorela present women from angles markedly different from the one presented in the canso. If we view these lyric presentations of the lady as individual instances along a generic continuum, a considerably expanded spectrum of female figures becomes visible. …


The proposed paper aims to introduce the vertical dynamics in an All-Wheel-Drive motorcycle through a front and a rear suspension, modelled with two different spring-damper systems. The motorcycle model has been described with two rigid bodies and ten degrees of freedom.


The Kondo effect, one of the most interesting topics in condensed matter physics, shows significant influences on the transport behaviors in magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJs). As we know that there is a competition between electron tunneling and Kondo scattering in MTJs. However, it is not clear how Kondo effect will affect the transport properties of a multiferroic tunnel junction (MFTJ), a MTJs with a ferroelectric material as the tunnel barrier. As a ferroelectric polarization may manipulate the Kondo effect, we here attempt to investigate these issues by studying the temperature-dependent and polarization-tuned transport properties in the La0.7Sr0.3MnO3/BaTiO3/ La0.7Sr0.3MnO3 (LSMO/BTO/LSMO) MFTJ.


The build-versus-buy decision is very difficult when developing embedded systems. Most of the time, the problems are not technical as they are the results of human nature and its failings. Commitment to one another and to the project, along with a negotiated plan can failure to meet schedule, budget, and requirements.


Pidgin was indispensable as a working language of colonial governance in Northern Nigeria, epitome of the distinct and continuing role of pidgin as a language of the workplace in West Africa. The study is largely based on archival materials and oral interviews of some former African employees. Notably, British colonial authorities adopted pidgin as a language of government in Northern Nigeria, as they lacked a wider medium for inter-ethnic communication. African political agents were employed as intermediaries, based on their knowledge of pidgin and other local languages, enabling them bridge communication between government and chiefs. And pidgin was hard to replace. Keywords: intermediaries, pidgin, colonial administration, Northern Nigeria, evolution


An integrated approach involving software/hardware strategies to DC brushless motor development is presented. These strategies are intended to allow complete optimization of motor performance over a wide range of applications. A series of tests performed on the motor confirmed the competence of the basic hardware (a saturation problem was addressed via change in lamination material from a nickel-iron alloy to a cobalt-based alloy) as an integral part of the overall hardware/software system envisaged.<<ETX>>


This paper presents a general equilibrium analysis of disaster policy in a federation. The national government is postulated to offer optimal disaster relief, a policy that creates moral hazards for subnational government and private sector decisionmakers. In equilibrium, subnational governments, which compete for mobile productive resources, choose inefficiently low amounts of costly disaster avoidance expenditures. This is true even when the national government subsidizes these expenditures through conditional matching grants, implying that national government mandates or direct control over local policy may be required to achieve efficient disaster avoidance. †This paper has been prepared for presentation at a SITE conference on "Federalism and Decentralized Governance", Stanford University, July 21-22, 2008. An earlier version was written for a conference on "Fiscal Relations and Fiscal Conditions" at Georgia State University, April 20-21, 2006.


The energy-momentum tensor of the Li´enard-Wiechert field is split into bound and emitted parts in the Rindler frame, by generalizing the reasoning of Teitelboim applied in the inertial frame [see C. Teitelboim, Phys. Rev. D1 (1970), 1572]. Our analysis proceeds by invoking the concept of "energy" defined with respect to the Killing vector field attached to the frame. We obtain the radiation formula in the Rindler frame (the Rindler version of the Larmor formula), and it is found that the radiation power is proportional to the square of acceleration α µ of the charge relative to the Rindler frame. This result leads us to split the Li´enard-Wiechert field into a part e II, which is linear in α µ , and a part e I, which is independent of α µ . By using these, we split the energy-momentum tensor into two parts. We find that these are properly interpreted as the emitted and bound parts of the tensor in the Rindler frame. In our identification of radiation, a charge radiates neither in the case that the charge is fixed in the Rindler frame, nor in the case that the charge satisfies the equation α µ = 0. We then investigate this equation. We consider four gedanken experiments related to the observer dependence of the concept of radiation.


The elastic constants of temperature dependence, thermal expansion coefficient and phonon dispersion relations of γ-TiAl doped with C/O have been investigated using first-principles calculations in order to gain insight into the mechanical performance of γ-TiAl in cases of high temperature. This study shows that γ-TiAl maintains stability at high temperatures introduced by C or O atoms. Importantly, the hardness increases and retains excellent resistance to external pressure. The results indicate that even if the TiAl alloy is doped with C or O atoms, it can also exhibit excellent mechanical properties at a high temperature.


How to reconcile the classical Heston model with its rough counterpart? We introduce a lifted version of the Heston model with n multi-factors, sharing the same Brownian motion but mean reverting at different speeds. Our model nests as extreme cases the classical Heston model (when n = 1), and the rough Heston model (when n goes to infinity). We show that the lifted model enjoys the best of both worlds: Markovianity and satisfactory fits of implied volatility smiles for short maturities with very few parameters. Further, our approach speeds up the calibration time and opens the door to time-efficient simulation schemes.


Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain ANSC, a non-genetically modified bacterial strain isolated from soil was used to study and evaluate biosorption potentials for hexavalent chromium (Cr[VI]) from aqueous solution. Living, heat-killed, and permeabilised cells were all used and found to be capable of reducing and sorbing Cr(VI). The influences of initial Cr(VI) ion concentration (50-150 mg/L), contact time (2 h, 10 min intervals), pH (2-8), temperature (30-60℃) and biosorbent mass (1.0-5.0 g/l) were reported. Adsorption of Cr(VI) is highly pH- and temperature-dependent, and the results indicate that the optimum pH and temperature for removal were found to be 2 and 60℃ respectively. The hexavalent chromium biosorption equilibrium could be better described by Langmuir isotherm than it could by Freundlich isotherm. A comparison of kinetic models applied to the adsorption of Cr(VI) ions onto the biosorbents was evaluated for the pseudo first-order, pseudo second-order, and intra-particle diffusion kinetic models. Results show that the pseudo second-order kinetic model was evidenced to correlate better the experimental data. The rate of hexavalent chromium adsorption increased following permeabilisation of the outer and/or cytoplasmic membrane by surfactants such as Triton X100, Tween 80, toluene, sodium deoxycholate and sodium dodecyl sulphate. The adsorption process has been found endothermic, and thermodynamic parameters of Gibb's free energy (ΔG°), change in enthalpy (ΔH°) and change in entropy (ΔS°) were calculated. Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain ANSC evidenced an effective biosorbent for the removal of hexavalent chromium in aqueous form.


P-n junctions based on physical vapor deposition of thin PbSe films and conductivity type inversion from n- to p-type are developed and characterized over a wide range of temperatures and bias voltages. Photosensitivity and diode characteristics in the thin film PbSe diode structures were found at temperatures up to 300 K. The values of the measured and estimated parameters of these structures demonstrate their high photodetector performance and the potential for development of IR detectors with optimal sensitivity at the highest possible operating temperature.


BFGoodrich Aerospace Aircraft Sensors Division engineers achieved their best ever level of aerodynamic performance on a temperature sensor with a debris guard by using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) to optimize the design prior to prototyping. Meeting the conflicting needs of protecting the sensing element from debris and achieving the desired level of sensor accuracy and performance made this a very complex problem. CFD allowed engineers to evaluate the performance of 20 different design alternatives within the six‐month lead time for the project. This made it possible to substantially reduce drag relative to current designs while meeting all accuracy and durability requirements. The traditional build‐and‐test method is so much more costly and time‐consuming than CFD that it would have been impossible to evaluate anywhere near this number of alternatives using this approach.


The Bernoulli equation approach for predicting the variation of internal pressure induced by wind in a single‐room building with a single opening is extended to multi‐room buildings of any number of openings. Examples are given to illustrate this new general approach. The result shows that following the breakage of a windward window during a windstorm, the internal pressure of a multi‐room building oscillates in a manner similar to that in a set of interconnected Helmholtz oscillators.


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Background: Fourteen percent of people with mild cognitive impairment may progress to dementia. Dementia is a leading cause of disability worldwide including Australia, meaning effective interventions are urgently needed to prevent or slow the progression of the disease and its overall burden to the person, community and health services. This pilot-study aimed to identify the feasibility and acceptability of a combined cognitive and functional-task based exercise program to delay the onset of dementia in people with mild cognitive impairment.

Method: A mixed methods approach was used. Individual interviews were conducted with caregivers and participants of the ten-week intervention program. Quantitative data included cognitive and functional assessments performed pre- and post-intervention such as Neurobehavioral Cognitive Status Examination, Verbal Fluency Test, Verbal Learning Test, Trial Making Test A and B, Lawton Instrumental Activities of Daily Living Scale and Problems in Everyday Living Test.

Results: Approximately 80% of the 23 participants completed the program demonstrating its acceptability. Interim results show significant improvements in several cognitive and functional areas. The improvements demonstrate the combined cognitive and exercise program is beneficial for people at risk of dementia. The qualitative findings suggest the program is viewed positively by participants and caregivers. Benefits described by the participants are evident through occupational performance e.g. developing strategies to remember tasks such as taking medication.

Conclusion: The combined cognitive and exercise program is acceptable and feasible. However, identifying people with mild cognitive impairment needs substantial research to develop sustainable pathways in primary care in Australia.


Lactobacillus delbrueckii spp bulgaricus produces substantial amounts of hydrogen peroxide, yet the enzymology of this process has not been explored. We have partially purified a NADH oxidase (EC 220.127.116.11) from the soluble cell fraction (cytosol) of L delbrueckii ssp bulgaricus, prepared by sonication of the microorganisms in a 0·1 M Tris buffer at pH 7·2. The cytosol was treated with agarose beads containing attached FAD residues, which served to bind the enzyme. The enzyme was eluted with a 0·01 M Tris buffer at pH 7·2 containing 10 μM FAD. This preparation had 0·2 mg ml−1 protein and showed a single major band in a polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis system with a molecular weight of near 30 kDa. Gel filtration chromatography gave a molecular weight of 25 kDa. This enzyme preparation consisted of 4–6 subunits with a molecular weight of 5–6 kDa each, which were held together by FAD. No EDTA-sensitive component was required for activity. The enzyme used β-NADH, but not α-NADH or β-NADPH, to produce stoichiometric amounts of H2O2. The apparent Km with respect to NADH, using production of NAD as a criterion, was 534 μM. The enzyme was active at 4°C and was quite thermostable. Its pH optimum was around pH 7·2. The metabolic function of NADH oxidase in lactobacilli remains obscure, though the H2O2 it generates may have a profound effect on the viability of other organisms. © 1998 Society of Chemical Industry.


The invention relates to a bevel gear modular gear having an inner casing (4) of cast material which comprises a drive-side chamber (6) and a driven-side chamber (7), which are connected via a bevel gear (8), wherein in the drive-side chamber (6) a longitudinal bearing bore (61) for a drive bearing (62) of a drive shaft (60) with a bevel pinion (66) at one end and in the output-side chamber (7) has a transverse bearing bore (71) for output bearing (72) an output shaft (70) on both sides of a bevel gear (76) are arranged, wherein the output shaft (70) transversely to the drive shaft (60) is guided and on it acts directly or via an intermediate stage (9), a drive motor (99). The inner housing (4) is in one piece without a lid having an outer housing (2) in frame construction by means of webs (3, 3 ') which extend in the direction of the output shaft (70) and preferably smooth-walled openings (5) beranden, the longitudinal bearing bore (61 ) the transverse bearing bore (71) is arranged completely overlapping in one of the webs (3 '). By the frame construction with the full current from one to the other lateral side perforations high stability is combined with low weight with efficient manufacturability, in particular by die-casting process without lost core. The openings continue to ensure good cleanability.


Objective To measure the levels of adiponectin a nd leptin.To explore the relationship between them in patients with cirrhosis.Methods Adiponectin,insulin and leptin levels were determined in 73 patients with cirrhosis and 30 healthy controls and were correlated with various clinical and biochemical parameters.Results Adiponectin and leptin were significantly elevated in patients with cirrhosis compared with the control.The adipo/leptin ratio1.Ad iponetin and leptin levels in cirrhosis were correlated positively with insulin and HOMA IR and negatively with insulin sensitively index.Adiponectin levels in cirrhosis was positively correlated with leptin including serum adiponectin,lep tin levels and the adipo/leptin ratio in cirrhosis are significantly elevated.T hey can be correlated with insulin resistance of cirrhosis.Conclusion Serum adiponectin,leptin levels and the adipo/lept in ratio in cirrhosis are significantly elevated.They can be correlated with in sulin resistance of cirrhosis.


A single-stage driver is proposed. The LED driver is obtained by integrating an interleaved boost circuit and an LLC resonant converter. Since the interleaved circuit is adopted here, the input voltage is divided into two parts, each part sharing with one switch of the LLC resonant converter forms a boost circuit in discontinuous mode, and the power factor correction function and low bus voltage are realised. Since the LLC resonant converter is adopted, the converter works in soft switching state, which increases the efficiency of the system. A 100 W prototype is achieved to prove the analysis of the LED driver, and the efficiency of the LED driver is as high as 91% in full load.


English in the international economic and trade development occupies a very important position,the students wants to master the English language,we must effectively improve their oral expression,this paper training on English teaching in a number of ways.


The invention relates to a charging display circuit which comprises a light emitting diode and a surface contact type diode which is connected with the light emitting diode in parallel. The light emitting diode is electrically connected between a power supply circuit and an interface circuit; and moreover, the anode of the light emitting diode is electrically connected with the cathode of the surface contact type diode, and the cathode of the light emitting diode is electrically connected with the anode of the surface contact type diode. The interface circuit is used for accessing a rechargeable battery, so that an external power supply is introduced to the power supply circuit for charging the rechargeable battery. The light emitting diode is used for indicating the charging state of the rechargeable battery. The surface contact type diode is used for guiding static current into the power supply circuit when the static current is instantaneously generated by the interface circuit. According to the charging display circuit, the reverse breakdown of the static current which is instantaneously generated by static electricity to the light emitting diode is avoided by arranging the surface contact type diode which is connected with the light emitting diode in parallel. The invention also relates to an electronic device with the charging display circuit.


Robert Hooke: new studies. Edited by Michael Hunter & Simon Schaffer. Woodbridge, Suffolk: The Boydell Press, 1989. Pp. x + 310, £39.50. ISBN 0-85115-523-5 These New studies of the life and work of Robert Hooke (1635-1703) include nine of the papers given at a conference on 19-21 July 1987 at the Royal Society, London, organized by the British Society for the History of Science. The editors introduce the selection with a survey of Hooke's biographers, beginning with Richard Waller, a Secretary of the Royal Society under Newton's presidency, who prefaced his edition of Hooke's Posthumous works (1705) with a warm, but diplomatically-cautious, 'Life of Dr Robert Hooke'. Over the following two centuries, little attention was paid to Hooke save as a just (or unjust) claimant for credit as a contributor to Newton's theory of universal gravitation.


Experimental data on the concentration dependence of reduced viscosity of poly(vinyl chloride-co-maleic anhydride) solutions in six solvents were approximated by an empirical equation η r = a + bexp(-dc), where a and b characterize the electrostatic and covalent contributions to solvation, respectively, and d is the energy characteristic of tautomerism of the copolymer. Relationships between coefficients a, b, and d of the equation and dipole moment and acceptor and donor numbers of a solvent were established. Parameters a and b make it possible to evaluate the energy and stationarily constants of the universal and specific contributions to the solvation of this copolymer. The shape of poly(vinyl chloride-co-maleic anhydride) macromolecules with respect to a zigzag was assessed in different solvents. The shape changed from the coil, in ethyl acetate, to distorted rods, in THF and 1,4-dioxane.


Large isolated Cr photomask defects (>=20 um) have become difficult to repair due to the fact that advanced repair tool capabilities are aimed almost exclusively at repairing very small defects at high magnification. Advanced focused ion beam (FIB) repair of large Cr defects is not only time-consuming, but in the end, only changes it into a transmission defect due to ion deposition (gallium staining). Current laser repair tools also have problems in that they generate a large amount of debris (splatter) due to the ablation mechanism being thermal. To avoid these problems and still repair the large chrome defect, we have developed a new method using a localized exposure technique to remove large isolated Cr defects. The mask was coated with optical resist and the defective area was exposed using white light. The mask was then sent through standard develop, wet Cr etch, and resist strip processes to remove the Cr spots. Initial results were very promising as the Cr spots were removed completely, and the repaired area showed no sign of glass damage. This repair technique has also been applied to both large and small Cr spots on MoSi phase-shift mask patterns. Future work will include aperture shape/size control and line edge repair will be investigated.


In the design of particle accelerators, magnets are sometimes used to bend the paths of charged particles in linear accelerators for focusing and defocusing purposes. These magnets, in the present case, are known as quadrupoles. Their design hinges on the solution of certain mathematical expressions of particle trajectories. A computer of the analog type was constructed to solve the equations and so facilitate magnet design. The analog computer for this application has dials labeled "L", "?", and "?". The settings of these dials represent the design parameters under study. The operator can set the dials of each stage to any of thousands of different combinations of L, ?, and ?. The results of his settings may be observed on a CRO screen. He can then proceed to search for the best combination of control settings with regard to their effect on particle trajectories. Once having found a satisfactory combination, the corresponding magnet design parameters are obtained from the settings of the controls. Three features of construction required special consideration. These were: the high gain, minimum phase shift, and minimum crosstalk. These items and others are discussed in the article from the practical as well as the theoretical point of view.


A number of necropsy studies have been done in an attempt to establish the factors that are responsible for deaths of newborn babies from haemorrhage into the lungs.'14 A recent investigation by D. R. Shanklin and S. L. Wolfson seems to incriminate the use of oxygen as a possible cause of this condition.5 It is very difficult to assess the true incidence of pulmonary haemorrhage in the newborn, as it occurs in two main forms. The first is associated with anoxia around the time of delivery. The haemorrhage is mainly subpleural and interstitial in distribution and there is, as a rule, less marked bleeding into the air spaces. The infants so affected are usually stillborn or die soon after delivery. The second form is seen in the infant who survives the immediate hazards of delivery only to die within a few days. The haemorrhage in this group of infants is predominantly intra-alveolar and the interstitial tissue may be unchanged or merely oedematous. The haemorrhage is commonly classified as "massive " or " severe." This type of haemorrhage is apparently not associated with any inherent bleeding diathesis, but it occurs as a terminal event in such a wide variety of conditions that it is difficult to assess it as an entity, and it is perhaps better regarded as a mode of death. Conditions which are known to terminate with pulmonary haemorrhage in the neonatal period include kernicterus, cerebral oedema, subdural haemorrhage, and pneumonia. Further confusion arises from the fact that some workers regard pulmonary haemorrhage as a component, together with pulmonary oedema and hyaline membrane formation, of the respiratory distress syndrome.67 Recently, however, A. J. McAdams4 was unable to confirm any common pathogenesis for pulmonary haemorrhage and hyaline membrane disease. There were two reasons for this lack of correlation. Firstly, the infants with pulmonary haemorrhage were not mainly premature-as is the case with infants suffering from the respiratory distress syndromeand secondly the age of death is greater in the former. If known associated conditions such as kernicterus, other cerebral lesions, and infection are eliminated, together with those infants known to have hyaline membrane, the remaining infants with " idiopathic " pulmonary haemorrhage account for 7% of deaths in the first week, an incidence of 0.9 per 1,000 live births.8 So the incidence of this condition is not negligible, and these infants appear to drown in their own blood. The haemorrhage may occur at any time after delivery, but it is rare within the first six hours of life and the majority of these infants die between the third and fourth day. Though the grosser intracranial lesions such as kernicterus and subdural haemorrhage, which have known associations with pulmonary haemorrhage, should be excluded from the "idiopathic" group, nevertheless cerebral damage as a result of anoxia or cerebral oedema may be predisposing factors.4 The interesting feature of the report by Shanklin and Wolfson is their suggestion that therapeutic oxygen is a possible cause of this form of pulmonary haemorrhage. A total of 83 infants were studied at necropsy. Only eight of these weighed over 2,500 g. at birth. Twelve infants were treated in air only, 11 were given oxygen at least six hours after delivery, 21 were given oxygen soon after delivery, and 39 were given oxygen continuously from birth. No pulmonary haemorrhage was seen in the lungs of infants kept in air or in those given oxygen after the first six hours of life. Fourteen of the 21 infants given oxygen soon after birth and 35 of the 39 infants given oxygen continuously had haemorrhagic lungs. These authors suggest that oxygen therapy for the first two hours of life only or when administered after the sixth hour of life does not cause pulmonary haemorrhage. Between two and six hours after delivery some change appeared to occur which led to bleeding into the lung. During the same period an infant maintained in air seems to be protected from this change. Their results in respect of hyaline membrane formation are also of some interest. Fifty-seven (68.7%) of the 83 infants had hyaline membrane in their lungs, but the incidence was 87.2% in those given oxygen continuously. These findings reinforce those of other recent studies.9 10 W. H. Northway, R. C. Rosan, and D. Y. Porter9 describe a condition of " bronchopulmonary dysplasia " occurring as a result of treatment of infants with hyaline membrane by a respirator. Humidified oxygen at a concentration of 80-100% was administered in a positive pressure respirator. This seemed to result in a prolongation of the resolution of hyaline membrane and provoked squamous metaplasia of the bronchiolar epithelium and interstitial oedema and fibrosis. This could result in the continuation of respiratory symptoms well beyond the neonatal period. The diffuse pulmonary change did, however, seem to be reversible. That pulmonary lesions associated with oxygen therapy and artificial ventilation are not confined to the newborn has been shown by G. Nash, J. B. Blennerhassett, and H. Pontoppidan.10 The pathological changes seen in the lungs of their adult patients included oedema, thickening of the interlobular septa, and hyaline membrane formation. Moreover, these changes were related to the use of high concentrations of oxygen rather than just to the length of time the respirator was used. The implications of these studies for the clinical management of patients are not yet entirely clear, and it must be noted that they are based mainly on necropsies. Changes seen in the lungs post mortem may or may not reflect accurately alterations in vascular permeability during life. Probably, however, the administration of high concentrations of oxygen over a prolonged period affects not only the retinal vessels, leading to retrolental fibroplasia, but also the pulmonary vessels. It has been known for many years that it is possible to produce pulmonary lesions in mice by giving oxygen at a concentration of more than 40%, and about half the mice die if the concentration is raised to 80%.11 These changes in


Most of today's enterprises are open in a competitive market worldwide and dependent on distributed information infrastructure across various geospatial location and various cyber spatial location as well with a purpose of offering ready and effective services to customers. But this decentralization comes at the cost of security. The distributed computing framework is vulnerable to attacks from malicious agents, thereby increasing the chances of risks and security breaches. Trust and Reputation management system is a tool to combat security threats. A trust management system helps its user to decide how trustworthy the other party is before making a transaction. This work aims to identify the required characteristics of trust needed for an enterprise network and presents a survey of a few well known trust models with an aim to identify trust characteristics in each model. © 2015 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of organizing committee of the 2016 International Conference on Computational Modeling and Security (CMS 2016).


The purpose of this thesis is to present a new method based on neural networks designed to operate in unknown environments, meaning that the robot has no access to prior information regarding the navigation space.


This work is focused on the study of the complex relation that Roberto Bolano establishes with detective fiction. Before this analysis, a brief history of detective novel in Latin America will underline the main strategies used by latin american writers to adapt the formula of the genre to their context. In particular, detective novel is often used as a means to denounce the violent events of recent latin american history; furthermore, many writers reflect on literature through crime fiction, in many cases using the analogy that associates the critic with the detective and the writer with the criminal. Bolano incorporates in his novels different types of crime fiction. In his works, we can identify two main kinds of investigations: those dealing with crimes, and those investigating on literature, which is always represented as the mysterious core of Bolano's world. Literature is seen as the place that gather the most problematic elements of Bolano's poetics, such as the relation between art and evil - highlighted in the
different characterizations of his fictional writers. These investigations always end with the failure of the detective, which questions the very basis of the genre. Recognizing that silence is the inevitable end of every possible research does not mean that Bolano's fiction is just the representation of failures: the problematization of the hermeneutic code is played between
the postmodernist and ironic use of the genre and the romantic belief of the character. This seems to justify the investigation itself as a brave intent to explore the mystery of evil.


Heat transfer and stress analysis in metallic and coated exhaust valves are performed by an adaptive space‐time finite element method. Results indicated that coatings of ordinary thickness cannot protect a coated valve operating in an uncooled engine. A new approach for designing the inner geometry of the metallic part in a coated hollow valve is presented. The purpose of the cavity is changed from cooling to insulating. Controlling the valve temperature and the heat flows out is done by changing the geometry of the cavity. The optimum is sought between the hollow geometry of the valve and its coating thickness while the outer geometry is that of an ordinary valve. Exhaust valves with optimal geometry are presented. A reduction of 40% of the heat flows out is obtained, compared to the heat flows out from a metallic valve operating in a cooled engine. By comparison, reduction of the heat flows out from a coated, ordinary geometry valve amounts to only 20%.


reduction potential afforded by GM crops. This is because European countries produce no cotton, very little canola, very little soybeans, and very little rice. The only GM crop they produce in significant acreage is maize. Even with 80% GM crop adoption levels, northern European countries would reduce costs of production by less than 1%. Countries in southern Europe would reduce costs by less than 2%. This, however, does not prevent European countries from urging developing countries to apply the "precautionary principle" to regulatory policy. Tragically, many developing countries in sub-Saharan Africa do not have the capacity to evaluate food safety and environmental risks to adopt GM crops, even though many countries would benefit in the form of reduced costs of production by 10% or more.1 3. Note that the rules for adventitious content


The China-originated non-heading Chinese cabbage cultivar 'Aijiao Huang' was used as the material. Effects of three different nutrient solution concentration levels (0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 strength of the nutrient solution formula, taking water as control) on the dry weight accumulation, nutrition quality, nitrate content and the absorption and distribution property of main mineral macro-elements of non-heading Chinese cabbage plant were studied, given the nutrient solution formula special for leaf vegetables by South China Agricultural University and the compound substrate (50% reed residue, 25% vermiculite and 25% perlite). Results showed that, both the fresh weight and dry weight of the plants increased with the increase of the nutrient level, but no significant difference showed between 1.0 and 2.0 strength nutrient solution treatments. As the nutrient level increased, the content of Vitamin C (Vc) and soluble sugars reduced, while soluble protein and nitrate accumulated, which showed a decrease in the nutrition quality of non-heading Chinese cabbage. At a concentration of 2.0 strength concentration of nutrient solution, the nitrate content in the plant leaves achieved 2735.3 mg/kg Fw. The mineral elements analysis indicated that, the non-heading Chinese cabbage was a nitrophile, and the nitrogen accumulated most in leaf, petiole and root. At a concentration of lower nutritive solution level (0 to 1 strength), the absorption amount of mineral macro-elements in various parts of non-heading Chinese cabbage plant increased with nutrient level rising. However, at 2.0 strength concentration of nutritive solution, the absorption amount of all mineral elements declined excepted N, Mg. The most of N, P, Ca, and Mg distributed in leaf, while most of K distributed in petiole. In addition, the effect of nutrient level on distribution percentage of all mineral macro-elements in different parts of the plant was not remarkable. Within the tested range of nutrient levels, the ratio of N, P, K, Ca and Mg which the plant absorbs was 6.1-7.7:1.0:3.5-3.8:1.7-2.2:0.8-1.2.


Natural gas produced from many major reservoirs can contain high amounts of carbon dioxide (CO2) and must be treated to meet typical specifications for pipelines or liquefaction plant feed (Hassan et. al 2018). These treatment processes often require high-pressure operations forming highly concentrated CO2-rich streams. There are many factors that can be stumbling block for the development of such a field with high contaminants of CO2.
 World high CO2 gas field distribution is shown in Figure 1 (Burgers et al. 2011), some of the fields are stranded due to high CO2 content and not economically attractive to develop due to current oil price. Hydrocarbon resources with high CO2 content from 15 to 80% mol most of the fields are in south-east Asia, northern Africa, Europe, Brazil, Australia and USA, these fields are still undeveloped or under-develop. There is a need for "game changing" technology to overcome this barrier. It is not as simple as developing other green fields, the challenge is more on separation technology and heat integration, to meet project economics. Not only that, CCUS (Carbon Capture Utilization and Storage) is also a challenge whereby the produced CO2 from reservoir needs to be store back to geological storage or to convert it into other useful products (Hassan et. al 2018).


1965 Young love for bugs Growing up in the Seattle area, Michael Malaska (left) was always intrigued by science and geology and often went to look at insects and rocks near the seashore. In high school, Malaska became interested in physics and astronomy but decided to switch to chemistry after starting college at Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1982. "The first class I took was organic chemistry, and I really liked the way the shapes and the structures moved around. It was kind of like learning a different language," he says. He became interested in organometallic chemistry, which he pursued for his Ph.D. at the University of California, Berkeley, under K. Peter C. Vollhardt. 1991 From metallic to medicine While getting his doctorate, Malaska developed an interest in medicinal chemistry, so after graduation, he did a postdoc with Alan P. Kozikowski at Mayo Clinic Jacksonville studying neurochemistry. After his postdoc,


In this paper, a novel image enhancement system for a wide-angle lens camera is presented. The proposed system consists of; i) lens distortion correction using space-varying interpolation kernels and ii) image restoration based on the local self-similarity. The correction process for the geometric distortion produced by a wide-angle lens results in radial distortion artifacts caused by non-linear resampling. To reduce such artifacts, the proposed algorithm uses space-varying interpolation kernels derived from the lens calibration data. The corrected image is further enhanced using self-example-based image restoration. Experimental results demonstrate the proposed method can correctly remove the geometric distortion and further enhance the quality of the radially interpolated image.


Abstract High molecular weight poly(ethylene terephthalate) (HMW-PET) (intrinsic viscosity of 0.809 dL/g) and its nanocomposites with 1 wt.% organoclay C12PPh-Cl− and 1 and 2 wt.% trisilanol isobutyl-poly(hedral oligomeric silsesquioxane) (POSS) were high-speed melt spun over the range of take-up speeds 1 to 4.5 km/min, and the effects of nanoparticle type on the fiber properties were investigated. The clay and POSS nanocomposites exhibited quite different melt spinning behaviors. The neat PET and PET/POSS nanocomposites showed a neck-like deformation distinctly from the take-up speed of 3.5 and 3 km/min while PET/clay nanocomposites did not show any neck-like deformation over the entire spinning speed range. In comparison with nanocomposite chips clay gave rise to re-aggregation of nanoparticles whereas POSS made little change in dispersion. Clay suppressed the crystallization of PET during high-speed spinning although it had more effective nucleation effects at the static state than POSS. Clay nanocomposite fibers gave lower modulus and higher elongation at break than PET fibers. On the other hand, the mechanical properties of POSS nanocomposite fibers were almost equal or slightly better than PET fibers.


In view of the deleterious physiological effects of vanadium inhalation, and the fact that the ashes of many fossil fuels are particularly rich in the element, it was decided to determine whether particulate V levels in the Cambridge atmosphere have yet reached pollution threshold values. 62 samples from January, April, July and October of 1964, were analyzed for V by means of D.C. arc emission spectrography. The mean values (in p g of V205/m 3 air) for the above months were respectively: 2.37, 1.52, 0.74, and 1.63. The maximum value for an individual sample was 4.88, which is only 21.3% of the pollution threshold value estimated from the accepted industrial threshold limit value (no air pollution limit value for V has yet been adopted). However, it is believed that a significant upw.ard trend in V levels is in evidence from examination of a few analyses available from 1958. Future studies of specific sources of the V, and of shortterm and seasonal variations in its abundance are suggested. Thesis Supervisor: William H. Dennen Title: Associate Professor, Professor of Geology


Taking the compression issue of remote sensing images as the study subject, this paper analyses the technical process for JPEG2000 compression and the image features of remote sensing images, natural images and figural images, and puts forwards an integrative optimization algorithm for effective compression display for remote sensing images based on common JPEG2000 compression frame. Thereinto, it includes high-frequency component filtering treatment, parallel processing of bit plane coding pass scanning and improved ROI coding algorithm, which give obvious clews to both overall consumed time for image compression and the gradual display effect in ROI region.


Intermedia user generated content is an important media which can be used to express personal sentimental emotion in the Internet. The paper defined the meaning of user's generated content; analyzed the essential characteristics in the view of subject, content, life cycle and media form. Finally, two key issues in the field were proposed.


J.J. Thomson's discovery of the electron is one of the most celebrated events in the history of physics. What is not so well known is that Thomson had a deep interest in chemistry, which, among other things, motivated him to put forward the first explanation for the periodic table of elements in terms of electrons. Today, it is still generally believed that the electron holds the key to explaining the existence of the periodic table and the form it takes. This explanation has undergone a number of subtle changes. The extent to which the modern explanation is purely deductive or whether it is semiempirical is examined in this chapter. While Dmitri Mendeleev had remained strongly opposed to any attempts to reduce, or explain, the periodic table in terms of atomic structure, Julius Lothar Meyer was not so averse to reduction of the periodic system. The latter strongly believed in the existence of primary matter and also supported William Prout's hypothesis. Lothar Meyer did not hesitate to draw curves through the numerical properties of atoms, whereas Mendeleev believed this to be a mistake, since it conflicted with his own belief in the individuality of the elements. This is how matters stood before the discovery of the electron, three years prior to the turn of the twentieth century. The atom's existence was still very much a matter of dispute, and its substructure had not yet been discovered. There appeared to be no way of explaining the periodic system theoretically. Johnston Stoney first proposed the existence and name for the electron in 1891, although he did not believe that it existed as a free particle. Several researchers discovered the physical electron, including Emil Wiechert in Königsberg, who was the first to publish his findings. Because these early researchers did not seriously follow up on their results, it was left to the British physicist Thomson to capitalize upon and establish the initial observations.


In the field of high-end manufacturing, with the in-depth advancement of digital transformation, massive data becomes available for analysis and "learning". This makes, the decision-making and control links during the manufacturing process smarter. In literature, few works considered the prediction of the qualified rate of typical workpieces in the discrete manufacturing process. This paper, fills this gap by proposing a prediction model based on machine learning methods. By analyzing the dataset from a competition, and performing feature engineering, we carefully select the key factors that correlate to the qualified rate. These features are fed into CatBoost for continuous training. Finally, the parameters of the model are finely tuned to assure the prediction accuracy. The experimental results show a significant improvement of system robustness. This also improves the accuracy of prediction of the qualified rate of the workpiece quality.


Computational spectroscopic instruments with broadband encoding stochastic (BEST) filters allow the reconstruction of the spectrum at high precision with only a few filters. However, conventional design manners of BEST filters are often heuristic and may fail to fully explore the encoding potential of BEST filters. The parameter constrained spectral encoder and decoder (PCSED)—a neural network‐based framework—is presented for the design of BEST filters in spectroscopic instruments. By incorporating the target spectral response definition and the optical design procedures comprehensively, PCSED links the mathematical optimum and practical limits confined by available fabrication techniques. Benefiting from this, a BEST‐filter‐based spectral camera presents a higher reconstruction accuracy with up to 30 times enhancement and a better tolerance to fabrication errors. The generalizability of PCSED is validated in designing metasurface‐ and interference‐thin‐film‐based BEST filters.


This paper proposes a Fourier series based learning controller with experience for the tracking control of robot manipulator. In conventional ILC algorithms, the initial input for each new trajectory tracking task is assumed to be zero. In this paper, we included the idea of using the past trajectory tracking experiences, in the selection of initial input for a new trajectory tracking task, designed in the Fourier domain. The advantage of the learning controller is that it does not require the parameters of the system, since it utilizes only the local input-output information. Improvement of tracking performance and initial error reduction with considerable improvement in convergence rate with iterations are obtained. Algorithms are verified through detailed simulation studies on a single DOF robot manipulator.


This letter provides an exact formula for the signal $n$-point correlation functions of detectors continuously measuring an arbitrary quantum system. The derivation uses only continuous stochastic calculus techniques, but the final result is easily understood from a discrete picture of repeated interactions with qubits. Aside from its theoretical interest, this result allows to straightforwardly estimate system parameters directly from experimental data.


This thesis analyses that the complicated process of changing forms of contemporary Chinese society sets an objective claims on the perfection of political function of the Chinese Communist Party,and it thinks that the Chinese Communist Party should be based on new situation,further optimize its political function,strengthen the party's construction,promote the relation between the party,the nation and society,and therefore,play political advantage of the Chinese Communist Party to push the socialist cause which has Chinese characteristics forward in all-round way.


This system at Metro-North, called the Equipment Maintenance Information System (EMIS), contains defect/repair data for both scheduled and running repair maintenance. The primary on-line report using this data is the Car History Record. Status codes are used to indicate the proper state of maintenance requirements from scheduled to shopped to completed maintenance tasks. EMIS customers within the Mechanical Department for both the Ad hoc and on-line reporting include the Technical Support Group, Quality Control/Engineering Group, as well as shop floor maintenance managers. The micro interface allows for preparation of exceptional statistical and analytical studies. If the resultant reports are deemed to be of recurring value they are prototyped on the micro and ported to the mainframe.


When the foundation pit is excavated layer by layer,intensively arranged steel bars are driven into the side slope in each leyer as soil nails,and steel meshes are covered on the slope surface ,then grouting concrete in layers.This is so called the soil nail method of anchorage.This method is more superior than achorage method or reinforced soil method.


e17590 Background: Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) with hobnail morphology (HM) is an aggressive variant associated with poorer outcomes compared to classical PTC, with a little over 100 cases reported in the literature. We aim to identify prognostic factors potentially associated with recurrence and death in the largest single institutional experience of PTC with HM. Methods: From an IRB approved registry, we identified all PTC HM cases with patient, diagnostic and treatment data and outcomes. Hobnail variant (HV) PTC had ≥30% HM; pure hobnail features (PHF) had < 30% HM without tall cell morphology (TCM) & multi variant features (MVF) had both HM & TCM. Demographic and clinical features at time of HM diagnosis that were potentially associated with 3-yr event free (death or recurrence) survival (EFS) were evaluated using Kaplan-Meir method (KM). Results: Forty-five (median age 55 yo, range 19-86 yo; 66.7% female) HM pts (35 HM at initial PTC, 10 at recurrence) were evaluable. Majority were ECOG 0 (84.1%). HM: 44.4% MVF, 37.8% PHF, & 17.8% HV; 68.9% pT3/T4; 64.4% node positive; & 15.6% metastatic. Positive surgical margins (+SM) with HM in 31.8%. RAI at HM given to 73%. Overall EFS was 83.5% at 1-yr & 69.6% at 2-yr. Of 13 events at 3 yrs, 4 were deaths (3 from PTC) & 9 recurrences. All events were in those > 55 yo (p < 0.001) with pT3/T4 disease (p = 0.01). Non-0 ECOG (KM 2-yr EFS: 28.6% vs 77.7%, p = 0.002), cT3/T4 (49.5% vs 85.5%p = 0.004), and +SM (32.1% vs 92.1%, p = 0.001) were also associated with EFS compared to their counterpart. HM grouping, RAI, initial HM vs HM at recurrence, sex, and tumor size were not statistically significant. Conclusions: To our knowledge, this is the largest reported cohort of PTC with HM. We identified several factors potentially associated with recurrence and death. There was no difference in outcomes between HV versus PHF versus MVF, which raises question to validity of 30% cutoff in defining "variant" versus "features of variant". Age > 55 yo, T3/T4 disease, and +SM exhibited significantly inferior EFS. Further evaluation in a multi-institutional cohort will help in validating these findings and help identify patients who warrant more aggressive initial treatment.


This paper supplies a structuralist reconstruction of the Modigliani-Miller theory and shows that the economic literature following their results reports on research with an implicit strategy to come "closer-to-the-truth" in the modern technical sense in philosophy of science.


nnovation is about helping organizations grow. Growth is often measured in terms of turnover and profit, but can also occur in knowledge, in human experience, and in efficiency and quality. Innovation is the process of making changes to something established by introducing something new. As such, it can be radical or incremental, and it can be applied to products, processes, or services and in any organization. It can happen at all levels in an organization, from management teams to departments and even to the level of the individual. This chapter describes the main concepts behind innovation. We explore the different types of innovation that affect the growth of an organization. The difference between radical and incremental innovation is discussed, as is the special relationship between product and process innovation. When you have completed this chapter you will be able to Define innovation and explain the difference with related terms Understand the drivers of the need for innovation and change Explain product, process, and service innovation Describe the difference between radical and incremental innovation Define disruptive technology Show how product and process innovations are related Explain the relationship between innovation and operations 3


Chesapeake Bay FMP The summer flounder stock was declared rebuilt in 2010, but the 2011 stock assessment cautioned that the rebuilt status may be short lived. Estimated 2011 fishing mortality (F) may exceed the F target resulting in overfishing. Consequently, interim harvest limits were considered for the 2012 fishery. In the late 1980s, the Atlantic coast summer flounder stock was overfished and depleted. Chesapeake Bay jurisdictions adopted a regional summer flounder management framework: the 1991 Chesapeake Bay Summer Flounder Fishery Management Plan (CB FMP). The CB FMP implemented management measures that reduced fishing mortality (F) and increased the stock's spawning biomass (SSB). CB FMP strategies and actions were based on guidelines established by the Atlantic States Marine Fisheries Commission (ASMFC) and the Mid-Atlantic Fisheries Management Council (MAFMC). In 1997 as the stock improved, the Chesapeake Bay jurisdictions developed Amendment # 1 to the CB FMP. This amendment adopted all future reference points and quota determined by the ASMFC and MAFMC. Jurisdictions agreed to implement commercial and recreational management measures as needed to meet these requirements. Amendment #1 also included a provision to implement a commercial permit system to maintain traditional Chesapeake Bay and coastal fisheries. Summer flounder, scup and black sea bass are managed under a joint ASMFC and MAFMC fisheries management plan. ASMFC first developed the coastal Fishery Management Plan for Summer Flounder in 1982. The coastal plan established a 14 " minimum size and specified trawl net mesh size for fishing in state waters (≤ 3 miles from shore). The MAFMC developed a complementary Fishery Management Plan for the Summer Flounder Fishery in 1988 to govern the federal waters (> 3 miles from shore). The MAFMC's FMP required fishers to abide by the more conservative state or federal requirements. From 1991 to 1995, MAFMC adopted seven amendments to adjust summer flounder management actions. ASMFC and MAFMC adopted amendments 8 and 9 to incorporate scup and black sea bass, respectively, into the summer flounder FMP. and XV to XVIV) to modify summer flounder management. In that same time period, MAFMC adopted five amendments (10 to 13 and 16) and five frameworks (1, 2, and 5 to 7) to modify summer flounder management. Maryland submits an annual compliance report to ASMFC.


This paper reports a unique resonance phenomenon that can occur when a superconductive magnetic bearing with nonuniform magnetization distribution is forced to vibrate in a single direction. The dynamics are studied by deriving the equations of motion, and a unique resonance is predicted both theoretically and numerically. A simple experiment is also conducted. The results show that a combination resonance can occur when the difference between the rotation frequency and the vibration frequency is equal to the natural frequency of the rotor.


Reconceptualising Intimacy and Ageing : International Symposium on Recenseptualising Gender and Ageing, University of Surrey, UK, June 25 - 27


The effect of tumbling object on radar image is analyzed.First the mathematics model of tumbling object is put forward.Second the character of returning signals of tumbling slim object is analysed using step frequency and linear frequency modulation on the basis of the model.The reason that the harmonic frequency is generated and counterfeit radar images appear is expounded when the target moves tumbling.The conclusions are verified by simulation.


Soft Robotics
In the future, soft-bodied robots may be able to squeeze into tight spaces or work in environments where they could be crushed. However, it is hard to ensure efficient power transmission in a soft-bodied device. One promising solution is to use explosions to drive the robot, using efficient weight-to-power energy sources. Using three-dimensional printing to fuse together multiple materials, Bartlett et al. built a combustion-powered robot. The robot has a rigid core that transitions to a soft exterior. They produced an efficient jumping robot in which the gradations in the hardness of the body materials also improved robustness.

![Figure][1]

Jumping robots in action

PHOTO: BARTLETT ET AL.

Science , this issue p. [161][2]

 [1]: pending:yes
 [2]: /lookup/doi/10.1126/science.aab0129


The article describes the importance of archives control to economic running of enterprises and how to improve the archives control.


Proton Pump Inhibitors (PPIs) are one of the most widely prescribed medications. Recently PPIs have been linked to causing dementia, vitamin B12 deficiency, Clostridium difficile, interstitial nephritis, osteopenia etc. We present a case of a 65 years old female who developed biopsy proven Acute Liver Failure (ALF) after starting Esomeprazole a PPI. The liver recovered after Esomeprazole was stopped. Our case provides convincing evidence that Esomeprazole could be linked to liver injury. Once thought the safest and the most prescribed group of medications, is it time to add one more adverse effect on their extensive list of adverse effects? Santosh Raj Sharma*, Dhuha Alhankawi and James Park Department of Hepatology, New York University, USA Santosh Raj Sharma, et al., Journal of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endoscopy Remedy Publications LLC. 2019 | Volume 4 | Issue 2 | Article 1056 2 than men [11]. The mode of injury can be cytotoxic, cholestatic, or mixed [12]. Based on the pattern of injury DILI can be classified into acute, hepatocellular (ALT>3 times upper limit), cholestatic (ALP>2X upper limit), mixed (elevated ALP and ALT), chronic, steatohepatitis, microvesicular steatosis, granulomatous hepatitis, sinusoidal obstruction syndrome, fibrosis, hepatic adenoma and autoimmune hepatitis [14]. More than 1000 medications are known to cause liver injury and they are classified to one of the patterns of DILI but none of the PPIs including Esomeprazole are classified into any patterns [7,14]. Based on the type of pattern of liver injury different drugs might have different presentations [14]. The association of esomeprazole responsible for the liver injury in our case can be supported by the following points [10]: a) no prior history of liver disease b) no serological evidence of viral hepatitis c) imaging studies did not reveal bile duct abnormalities d) No other drugs taken before the event e) no herbal medication taken before having symptoms f) occurred after administration of Esomeprazole g) liver enzymes improved after discontinuation of Esomeprazole h) liver biopsy was suggestive of Drug Induced Liver Injury. In our case patient had hyperbilirubinemia with markedly elevated with liver enzymes (ALT>AST) but alkaline phosphatase was only minimally elevated. Autoimmune parameters like ANA and AMA were also positive. This raises the possibility that Esomeprazole causing cytotoxic liver injury with autoimmune hepatitis. A case was published of possible liver injury caused by Esomeprazole in a pregnant female concomitantly taking metoclopramide and pyrazinamide unlike our case [7]. The ALT and AST was elevated to 267 and 137 respectively (much lower than in our case) and ALP was minimally elevated. Esomeprazole was switched to Pantoprazole and patient had normalization of the LFTs. It is unclear if they discontinued or continued the other two medications [7]. Naranjo Adverse Drug Reaction Probability scales were used to justify as probable Esomeprazole liver injury [7]. Another case was reported where 1 dose of 20 mg Esomeprazole used in conjunction with chemotherapy (Paclitaxel) let to cytolytic liver injury [15]. After discontinuing the Esomeprazole, the liver enzymes normalized despite continuing the chemotherapy [15]. A study reported a case of Pantoprazole causing autoimmune hepatitis where ALT was 1520, AST was 1419, ALP was 396, GGT was 715 μmol/l and ANA titer was 1:640. This was the other case where liver biopsy was performed showing drug induced autoimmune hepatitis. Patient was treated with immunosuppressive therapy and successively recovered with normalization of the liver function tests over a period of several months [10] (Figure 1-3). Histologic appearance of DILI is variable and is based on the mode of injury [16]. Almost 90% of the cases manifest as acute hepatocellular injury [16]. It leads to hepatocellular necrosis/apoptosis, steatosis and cellular degeneration [16]. The hepatocellular injury can affect single or a group of hepatocytes leading to confluent necrosis followed by bridging necrosis, sub-massive and massive necrosis resulting in acute liver failure [16]. Most DILI related hepatocellular injuries recover without fibrosis [17]. Even when there is suspicion of DILI, other causes of hepatitis esp. viral hepatitis need to be ruled out [18]. Most of the cases will show improvement with just discontinuation of the offending drug, bilirubin value more than 3 g/l has mortality of more than 10% [18]. Drug induced Acute Liver Failure has high mortality which prompts early diagnosis and treatment including referral to liver transplantation [14]. Studies have already raised the concern the safety of PPIs in cirrhotic patients [19]. There are not enough evidences to link PPIs including Esomeprazole to acute liver failure, however cases are emerging. Our case is a biopsy proven case of Esomeprazole causing liver injury. It provides convincing evidence that Esomeprazole could be linked to liver injury. Once thought the safest and the most prescribed group of medications, is it time to add one more adverse effect on their extensive list of adverse effects? Figure 1: The normal architecture of the liver is preserved without scarring. There is marked portal and lobular inflammatory infiltrates and mild steatosis. Figure 2: Portal tracts contain a mild mixed inflammatory infiltrate including eosinophils (thin arrow). Lobular hepatitis is evidenced by collections of pigment laden macrophages (angled arrow), focal mixed inflammatory infiltrates and scattered acidophil bodies (thick arrow). Figure 3: Cholestatic features are evidenced by prominent bilirubinostasis in zone 3 hepatocytes (thin arrow), focal canalicular bile plugs (thick arrow) and bile pigment in macrophages (angled arrow). Santosh Raj Sharma, et al., Journal of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endoscopy Remedy Publications LLC. 2019 | Volume 4 | Issue 2 | Article 1056 3 References 1. Barmpalexis P, Grypioti A. Development of a new esomeprazole delayed release gastro-resistant pellet formulation with improved storage stability. Drug Dev Ind Pharm. 2018;44(6):942-52. 2. Kendall MJ. Review article: esomeprazole--the first proton pump inhibitor to be developed as an isomer. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2003;Suppl 1:1-4. 3. Abraham NS. Proton pump inhibitors: potential adverse effects. Curr Opin Gastroenterol. 2012;28(6):615-20. 4. Malfertheiner P, Kandulski A, Venerito M. Proton-pump inhibitors: understanding the complications and risks. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2017;14(12):697-710. 5. McCarthy DM. Adverse effects of proton pump inhibitor drugs: clues and conclusions. Curr Opin Gastroenterol. 2010;26(6):624-31. 6. Nehra AK, Alexander JA, Loftus CG, Nehra V. Proton Pump Inhibitors: Review of Emerging Concerns. Mayo Clin Proc. 2018;93(2):240-6. 7. Thomas B, Mohamed M, Al Hail M, Awwad FA, Wahba RM, Hassan SB, et al. A case of probable esomeprazole-induced transient liver injury in a pregnant woman with hyperemesis. Clin Pharmacol. 2016;8:199-202. 8. de Abajo FJ, Montero D, Madurga M, Garcia Rodriguez LA. Acute and clinically relevant drug-induced liver injury: a population based casecontrol study. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 2004;58(1):71-80. 9. LiverTox. National Institutes of Health. 10. Meunier L, Ursic-Bedoya J, Pageaux GP, Larrey D. Pantoprazole-induced autoimmune chronic hepatitis. Liver Int. 2018;38(6):995-9. 11. Chalasani N, Fontana RJ, Bonkovsky HL, Watkins PB, Davern T, Serrano J, et al. Causes, clinical features, and outcomes from a prospective study of drug-induced liver injury in the United States. Gastroenterology. 2008;135(6):1924-34. 12. Zimmerman HJ. Drug-induced liver disease. Clin Liver Dis. 2000;4(1):7396. 13. Davern TJ. Drug-induced liver disease. Clin Liver Dis. 2012;16(2):231-45. 14. Chang CY, Schiano TD. Review article: drug hepatotoxicity. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2007;25(10):1135-51. 15. Capitain O, Lortholary A, Abadie-Lacourtoisie S. Cytolytic hepatitis and esomeprazole during chemotherapy. Presse Med. 2005;34(17):1235-6. 16. Zhang X, Ouyang J, Thung SN. Histopathologic manifestations of druginduced hepatotoxicity. Clin Liver Dis. 2013;17(4):547-64. 17. Bjornsson E, Kalaitzakis E, Av Klinteberg V, Alem N, Olsson R. Long-term follow-up of patients with mild to moderate drug-induced liver injury. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2007;26(1):79-85. 18. Leise MD, Poterucha JJ, Talwalkar JA. Drug-induced liver injury. Mayo Clin Proc. 2014;89(1):95-106. 19. Hung TH, Lee HF, Tseng CW, Tsai CC, Tsai CC. Effect of proton pump inhibitors in hospitalization on mortality of patients with hepatic encephalopathy and cirrhosis but no active gastrointestinal bleeding. Clin Res Hepatol Gastroenterol. 2018;42(4):353-9.


The paper reviews the current research situation of FPE(format-preserving encryption) including basic constructing methods,encryption modes and security.When describing the basic constructing methods,it introduces the basic principles of Prefix,Cycle-Walking and Generalized-Feistel and their application scopes.When explaining the encryption modes,it mainly analyzes the construction features of FPE modes or schemes,introduces the principles of three classical modes,summarizes the different types of Feistel networks and presents an overview of their applications in FPE.When talking about the security,it describes the security notions of FPE and their corresponding games,analyzing the relationship among them.In the end,it introduces the application scopes of FPE and points out that performance,integrity authentication and key problems of database encryption with FPE,such as making range query and arithmetic operation on encrypted data,are the major problems to be solved in the future.All these works will play a role in promoting research of format-preserving encryption.


Innovation of joint-stock of professional football club in China is a realistic choice and is necessary.Using such research approaches as law of documents and materials,investigation method and logic analytic approach,ects.We have analyzed to the professional current situation of football club of our country and existing problem.Although the shape of the share system football club has formed,but this structure of the property right is illogical and the possession character is too single result in the property right keeping change.Impact the club's improvement.That,constitute the share system football club of pluralism structure and possession is the necessary in the future.


When a large part of the liver of a mammal is removed, there follows, after a lag period,' a dramatic increase in the number of hepatic cells making DNA. Partial hepatectomy has, for this reason, been commonly used to investigate the mechanisms that normally govern entry of a cell into the period of DNA formation. The liver appears to be informed immediately about the partial hepatectomy, and several hepatic changes, including an increase in the rate of RNA metabolism, begin at once after the operation (I). The early changes in liver RNA synthesis that follow partial hepatectomy have become of particular interest in view of the results obtained in similar studies with cultured kidney cells (2-4). With the kidney cells, control of DNA replication has been shown to depend largely on the control of RNA metabolism. Stowell (5) made volumetric measurements of liver nucleoli 24 hours after partial hepatectomy and found a 4-fold increase in their size. With microphotometric measurements of a bound basic dye, Kleinfeld (6) and Swift, Rebhun, Rasch, and Woodard (7) then showed that the enlargement of the nucleolus is accompanied by an increase in nucleolar RNA. Although their first measurements were made 14 hours after the operation, the rise appeared to begin immediately postoperatively. Later, using radioglucose, Schneider and Potter (8) found an increase, 6 hours postoperatively, in the rate of incorporation of label into hepatic RNA. More recently (l), a linear rise in the rate of incorporat'ion of I%-orotate into liver RNA was shown to begin immediat.ely after partial hepatectomy, reaching a maximum about twice the initial rate by about 6 hours. Enhancement of the synthetic rate was equally reflected in each of the subcellular fractions esamined: nuclear, mit.ochondrial, microsomal, and soluble. Of interest are the observations that were made with two inhibitors, actinomycin D and p-fluorophenylalanine. In amounts that had no effect on the normal rate of RNA synthesis, these agent's completely and reversibly suppressed the rate increase that followed partial hepatectomy. Especially in view of the work of Swift et al. (7), it was of interest to compare the metabolic changes following soon after partial hepatectomy in liver nucleolar RNA with those of the over-all hepatic RNh. Such studies, it was hoped, might throw some light on the role of the nucleolus in the period preceding


Compared with traditional tea drinks,tea products have become a newly-arisen diet trend,it is because that tea diet could help us make good use of the nutrition compounds in tea leaves,and could give a full play of nutritive value of tea.The species of tea products,the necessities of developing tea products and the current situation were discussed,the classification and characteristics were analyzed and the prospect of our tea products was prospected.


The rate of phosphate absorption by intact plants of Trifolium 8ubterraneum L. cv. Mt. Barker was markedly increased by raising the calcium concentration of the nutrient solution from virtually nil to 25 and 250 JLM. Increasing the level of magnesium in the nutrient solution from 10 to 100 JLM substantially activated the rate of phosphate absorption in the absence of calcium. However, the rates of absorption were independent of the potassium level in the solution.


In connection with the segmental tunneling across a viaduct in the project of Guangzhou Metro Line 5, introduction is made of the chiseling off works through the pile foundation, including the construction of the shaft, transverse passage, chiseling off the underpinned pile, backfilling, etc., the experience of which may be a reference for similar works.


The purpose of research is is to know objektifitas news on a newspaper java
heading in takeover control partai demokrat by SBY. The theory worn in this research
is the newspaper characteristic of the newspaper understanding and function of the
press, theory press freedom, objektifitas news. Methods used in this research is
method research quantitative, using analysis the contents of hotman siahaan.
Population in research was all news located in the front page of a newspaper java post
takeover about democratic control by SBY on 9 and 10 February 2013.
The results of this research are the Annunciation in the Jawa Pos on the
takeover of control of the Democratic Party by SBY not objective, there are two
elements of objectivity that has not been fulfilled (relevance and impartiality) is only
the truth that is complete, it can only be said that this news is true according to the
real events but has not been objective.
Keywords: Analysis Of News Content, Objectivity, Siahaan, SBY, Jawa Pos


This paper describes the design, fabrication, and performance of planar-geometry InGaAs-InP devices which were specifically developed for single-photon detection at a wavelength of 1550 nm. General performance issues such as dark count rate, single-photon detection efficiency, afterpulsing, and jitter are described.


Objective
To examine the effect of cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway on systemic and bilioenteric anastomotic inflammatory after bilioenteric anastomosis in rats.

Methods
A total of 60 SD rats were randomly divided into 10 groups with 6 rats in each group, including 2 normal group (phase one group and phase two preoperative group), 3 experimental group (3-days group, 1-week group, 2-weeks group and 1-month group), and 3 control group (3-days group, 1-week group, 2-weeks group and 1-month group). The experimental groups received cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway medication (25 mg/kg anisodamine combined with 50 μg/kg neostigmine) by intraperitoneal injection since the first day post operation for 7 days. The control group was given saline. The stress index, HE staining and TGF-β1 staining of the common bile duct were compared between the two groups at different time points.

Results
The operation of each group was successfully completed. The stress indexes of CRP, TNF-α and IL-1β in the experimental group in 3 days, 1 week and 2 weeks post operation were (3.6±0.2)mg/L, (2.9±0.4)pg/ml, (126.9±19.0)pg/ml; (2.6±0.3)mg/L, (2.0±0.3)pg/ml, (73.4±8.6)pg/ml and (2.3±0.1)mg/L, (1.7±0.4)pg/ml, (53.2±6.5)pg/ml, which were significantly better than those of the control group (P 0.05). HE and TGF-β1 staining of common bile duct in the experimental group showed that the inflammatory reaction was decreased compared with that in the control group at each time point post operation.

Conclusion
Cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway can effectively reduce the systemic and local inflammatory response in bilioenteric anastomosis rat model, which might provide an effective treatment in clinical practice.

Key words:
Cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway; Bilioenteric anastomosis; Rat; Systemic inflammatory response syndrome


We examine two-dimensional motion of a stably stratified fluid containing two solutes with different molecular diffusivities in an inclined slot. The two solutes have continuous opposing gradients with the slower-diffusing one more dense at the bottom. It is found that, in the steady state, there exists a slow upward flow along the slope driven by the slight buoyancy difference near the wall, not unlike the solution found by Phillips (1970) for a single solute. The magnitude of the flow is less than that in Phillips' solution by a factor of approximately (1-λ)/(1-λτ), where λ is the ratio of the density gradient and τ−1 is the ratio of the diffusivity of the faster-diffusing solute to that of the slower-diffusing one. For the time-dependent flow resulting from switching on the diffusivities at t = 0, there may be a dramatic reversal of the flow near the walls depending on the relative magnitude of λ and τ. If λ is somewhat greater than τ, the initial flow is downward, along the slope, reaching a maximum magnitude about one order of magnitude greater than the steady-state value. Then the 'reverse' flow gradually diminishes and approaches the steady state rather slowly. For λ [gsim ] τ, the approach to the steady state is monotonic; there is no 'reverse' flow near the wall. The existence of the downward flow, which was observed by Turner & Chen (1974), may lead to double-diffusive instabilities which eventually result in horizontal convecting layers.


Sphagnum moss and polytricum ferns thalictrum, buttercup and hellebore poppy and corydalis silene and carnation polygonum and fallopia saxifrage, astilbe and heuchera geranium and pelargonium bean, lupin and lathyrus stock and aubrieta primrose and cyclamen tobacco and petunia pulmonaria mullein and figwort mint, origanum and sage campanula doronicum, rudbeckia, sunflower and aster nymphaea butomus lilium, fritillaria and tulip orchis iris, gladiolus and crocus daylily, daffodil and snowdrop hyacinth, muscari and hosta sedges and grasses.


Arthroderma flavescens, a new species producing characteristic macroconidia, is described. The macroconidia are hyaline, usually 2–6 septate, smooth, thin-walled, cylindrical to slightly ovoid, with rounded apices. No microconidia are produced. Three separate isolations of the conidial stage have been made from feathers collected in south-eastern Queensland.


We investigate efficient enumeration of answers to MSO-definable queries over trees which are subject to local updates. We exhibit an algorithm that uses an O(n) preprocessing phase and enumerates answers with O(log(n)) delay between them. When the tree is updated, the algorithm can avoid repeating expensive preprocessing and restart the enumeration phase within O(log(n)) time. This improves over previous results that require O(log2(n)) time after updates and have O(log2(n)) delay. Our algorithms and complexity results in the paper are presented in terms of node-selecting tree automata representing the MSO queries. To present our algorithm, we introduce a balancing scheme for parse trees of forest algebra formulas that is of its own interest to lift results from strings to trees.


Abstract A considerable number of sporomorphs have been encountered in the Vallakra layers, of which some of the most important are mentioned here. The Vallakra layers have long been known as Rhaetian in age, which is confirmed by sporomorphic evidence. In particular, Lycopodiacidites infragranulatus, Semiretisporis maljavkinae, Cornutisporites rugulatus, Cingulatisporites rhaeticus, Heliosporites altmarkensis, Zebrasporites laevigatas, Perinosporites thuringiacus, and Rhaetipollis germanicas indicate that the sediments are probably of middle to upper Rhaetian age.


This paper presents and proposes two approaches to speed up for the controller unit. One is a residue number system (RNS), the other is a sorting network. Using an RNS reduces the total bit size of adder and carry-propagation delays. Also, using sorting network makes comparing time of 16 input data sequences within 10 clocks. First, this paper introduces the basic concept of an RNS and a sorting network. Next, we design the controller using the RNS adder and Green model 16-input sorting network. We present experimental results about elevator group control by applying these two approaches. Experimental results show that the RNS can reduce adder size, which calculates an elevator attractive function (EAF) value, to 5-bit and its carry propagation delay within a single residue. The results also demonstrate that a sorting network is able to choose the best elevator to serve against passenger's request by comparing the attractive function value of each elevator with in 4 clocks. It means that our primary goal can be achieved by these two approaches.


We studied the dynamics of Vertical Cavity Surface Emitting Lasers (VCSEL) under high frequency modulation. VCSELs can have a negative gain suppression factor and they can also exhibit self pulsation under appropriate bias conditions. When high frequency modulation is applied a variety of effects in the laser dynamical behaviour can occur, including chaos. The possibility of controlling chaos in a VCSEL laser diode, in order to use chaos control as a useful characteristic, is presented.