Increasing the penetration of variable generation has a substantial effect on the operational reliability of power systems. The higher level of uncertainty that stems from this variability makes it more difficult to determine whether a given operating condition will be secure or insecure. Data-driven techniques provide a promising way to identify security rules that can be embedded in economic dispatch model to keep power system operating states secure. This paper proposes using a sparse weighted oblique decision tree to learn accurate, understandable, and embeddable security rules that are linear and can be extracted as sparse matrices using a recursive algorithm. These matrix rules can then be easily embedded as security constraints in power system economic dispatch calculations using the Big-M method. Tests on several large datasets with high renewable energy penetration demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method. In particular, the sparse weighted oblique decision tree outperforms the state-of-art weighted oblique decision tree while keeping the security rules simple. When embedded in the economic dispatch, these rules significantly increase the percentage of secure states and reduce the average solution time.


A year ago, America's best known small-town newspaper suggested editorially that Emporia should meet a threatened water shortage by pumping treated sewage back to the city's waterworks intake. This suggestion by the Emporia Gazette recalled an earlier time when this was done by a Kansas city, and it pointed up the need for conserving water by the adequate treatment of sewage. While cities seldom purify and reuse their own wastes, perhaps a dozen Kansas cities were dependent for water upon the wastes from their upstream neighbors during 1954. Particularly in times of drought, waste water must be adequately processed as it leaves the sewers to protect the health of downstream communities. Not only are Kansans concerned about the threat of stream pollution to their water resources, but they are even more vitally concerned about its threat to their most important resource-health. They have progressed from drinking uncoagulated and unfiltered river water to the successful purification of highly polluted waters in less than 50 years. In 1907 there were 440 typhoid fever deaths reported in Kansas and an unknown number of additional cases, probably between 1,500 and 2,000; 40 years later there was not a single one. In 1917 there were 322 typhoid fever deaths and in 1927 they had decreased to 17. This reduction has been brought about by improved water and sewage treatment in large part, although improved food and milk handling has also contributed substantially to this reduction. Three types of pollution are of concern to Kansans. They are: organic, bacterial and chemical pollution. Organic pollution results from the decomposition of organic material from sewage and industrial wastes. It causes sludge banks to form and is a source of foul odors. Oxygen, which naturally occurs in water, is used up and fish and other forms of wild life die. Immediately below Wichita in the Arkansas River there exists today one of the most obvious examples of gross organic pollution in Kansas. This situation will be corrected somewhat by completion of primary treatment facilities now under construction, but a higher degree of treatment is necessary and must be placed under contract soon. Bacterial pollution is of greatest public health concern because it is a measure of the disease-producing organisms present. Bacterial pollu-


The reformation of the practical training system is the key point to qualify and specialize the English major.The construction and effective utilization of this system relies deeply on the perfect understanding of the contents,the exact orientation of the aim,the proper design of the curriculum,the constant perfection of the training conditions,and thus the promotion of the talents cultivation quality,the innovation of the talents cultivation mode and the presentation of the special characteristic of the major.This thesis explores the construction of the practical training system of the English majors.


The writer describes his experiences at the Shanghai Food Festival and the presentations at the IUFoST conference at Shanghai between 19-23 October 2008, exhibition by food manufacturers, sixteen symposia and twenty-eight technical sessions.


The suburban areas are lands under strong anthropogenic pressure which results in their significant transformation. Identifying the direction of changes and their intensity is the basis of research based on the analysis of land use and land cover. The study involved the analysis of land cover in the area of suburban zone of the city of Krakow based on the vector geodata available in the European Environment Agency database (Urban Atlas download service). Geographic data were classified according to various categories of coverage. The area was divided into evaluation clusters that included covering buffer zones with the given parameters according to the distance from the city: zones 0–5 km, 5–10 km, 10–15 km and 15–20 km. All analyzes were performed by means of the QGIS software using geoprocessing tools and additional ones of spatial statistics (among other things Group Stats). The percentage of each category of coverage in relation to the total area was made for each of the separate buffer zones' statements. The theory of changing the structure of coverage categories along with diverging from the city according to the diagram of reducing participation of heavily anthropogenic areas to those less exposed to it was confirmed on the basis of this analysis.


Early years consultant Gail Ryder Richardson provides a step-by-step guide to providing an outdoor environment that empowers children to keep themselves safe.


Contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) is a specialized ultrasound performed with microbubble contrast agents. It is valuable for characterizing hepatic lesions without renal toxicity or radiation hazard. This review provides up-to-date practical knowledge of CEUS to make the interpretation of CEUS more accurate and clinically relevant. It includes the principle of CEUS, comparison of two kinds of contrast agents (the pure blood-pool agent and the Kupffer agent), diagnostic criteria for hepatocellular carcinoma, and its role in the diagnostic algorithms.


In an important investigation of the longitudinal relation between marital adjustment and depressive symptoms, L. A. Kurdek (1998) reported an apparent failure to replicate prior findings reported by F. D. Fincham, S. R. H. Beach, G. T. Harold, and L. N. Osborne (1997). He attributed the diverging results to differences between the analytic approach taken in each of the studies. The authors reanalyzed F. D. Fincham et al.'s data using L. A. Kurdek's analytic procedures and found no change in results. A more parsimonious assessment of the diverging results is that L. A. Kurdek failed to generalize F. D. Fincham et al.'s findings to a longer time lag and a sample characterized by a rather different pattern of attrition. The authors highlight several important issues that require greater attention in developing a cumulative body of knowledge on the longitudinal relation between marital processes and depression.


This study reviewed 570 consecutive corneal transplants done in one hospital by one ophthalmologist. In 480 of these transplants, vancomycin, 1 mgmlBSS 1 ml, was used to store the donor cornea for 5-10 minutes after removal from Optisol or Optisol GS and as an irrigating solution throughout the procedure. Ninety donors stored in Optisol only were used as a control. The vancomycin solution also was used to fill the anterior chamber, posterior chamber, and vitreous cavity, when indicated, at the end of surgery. Donor rims stored in the vancomycin/BSS before transplantation had 5% positive cultures. Prior to vancomycin immersion 16.6% of donor rims grew bacteria. The decrease to 5% is statistically significant (p = 0.00036). VancomycinlBSS storage reduced the incidence of streptococcus cultured from the donor from 3.3% to 0.2%. The study found that 0.6% (3/480) patients with vancomycin treated corneas developed postoperative endophthalmitis. All of their donor cultures were negative. Three additional eyes developed endophthalmitis following suture adjustment (0.6%). Previous lens surgery, glaucoma, regrafting, and postoperative suture manipulation were found to be associated with postoperative endophthalmitis. In the nonvancomycin eyes, two eyes (2.2%) developed endophthalmitis.


Shadow economy is a rather ambiguous and multifaceted concept. The shadow sector includes a variety of illegal activities as well as legal but unofficial or not formally recorded. The presence of shadow economic activity becomes a real problem for government regulation, especially in conditions of significant shocks, as it reduces fiscal potential, distorts development indicators and complicates any analytical conclusions about the state of the economic system. The purpose of the article is to highlight the theoretical foundations of the shadow economy, analyze the shadow sector of the Ukrainian economy and identify possible ways to minimize it. The authors used in the article historical and logical research methods that allowed us to characterize the socio-economic reasons for the emergence and scope of the shadow sector of the economy of Ukraine; abstract and concrete, which is used in the process of determining the impact of economic shadowing on certain areas of economic activity. The issue of the influence of the shadow economy on various aspects of state development is complex and requires detailed analysis. However, perhaps the most important thing is to maintain the security of the country as a whole, including its economic component. The expansion of the shadow sector of Ukraine's economy beyond the threshold determines the need to intensify theoretical and practical studies of the nature of the process of shadowing of the economy, limiting the negative effects of this phenomenon, the introduction of leverage the direct and indirect impact on the shadow economy of Ukraine, ensuring of the theoretical achievements for the formation of vectors of shadows.


The invention discloses a pipe fitting capable of storing a cold material in a turn up edge. The pipe fitting comprises a pipe body, the pipe body is provided with a left-to-right pass-through inner chamber, a path is integrally formed in the middle part of the inner chamber, the inner edge of the path is provided with a turn up edge extending to both the left side and the right side, and a clearance is reserved between the turn up edge and the side wall of the inner chamber so as to form an annular groove. The pipe fitting provided by the invention has the advantages of low probability of blockage and better discharge capacity.


parallelized on fine-grain Single Instruction Stream With advances in processor and networking technologies, current distributed-memory machines can achieve hundreds of Gaga Floating-Point Operations Per Second (GFLOPS) of performance. By using such machines, many application problems having regularly structured computations have been successfully parallelized using the explicit message passing paradigm. However, it is difJicult to parallelize vision problems having irregularly structured computations. Parallel solutions to these problems are characterized by uneven distribution of symbolic features among the processors, unbalanced workload, and irregular interprocessor data dependency caused by the input image. It is therefore necessary to develop eficient algorithmic techniques to achieve large speed-ups. In this paper, we propose an algorithmic framework to design eficient and portable parallel algorithms for irregular vision problems on distributed-memory machines. Based on this algorithmic framework, we develop techniques for task scheduling, load balancing, and overlapping communication with computation.


Flavins are very versatile coenzymes, functioning with considerable efficiency in a wide variety of enzymic reactions involving either two-electron or one-electron transfers, with both functions often catalysed by the same enzyme. They are responsible for catalysing the dehydrogenation of many different types of compounds, including dithiols, reduced nicotinamide nuclwtides, alcohols and a-hydroxy acids, amines and a-amino acids, and even saturated C-C bonds, provided that a suitable activating group such as a carbonyl residue is situated a/% to the bond to be oxidized. In the process of catalysing these dehydrogenation reactions, the flavin is itself reduced, and, in order to function catalytically, the oxidized form must be regenerated at the expense of reduction of some acceptor. The acceptor may be in some cases the oxidized form of the same type of compound that serves as reducing substrate, e.g. it might be a disulphide, an oxidized nicotinamide nucleotide or an unsaturated compound such as fumarate or crotonylCoA. In such a case the enzyme might conveniently be classified as a transhydrogenase and subclassified as a C-C, C-S, C-N or N-N transhydrogenase, depending on the nature of the atoms acting as hydrogen donor and hydrogen acceptor (Hemmerich & Massey, 1979). In most cases, however, the acceptor molecule will be molecular 0, or another redox protein, such as an iron-sulphur protein or a cytochrome. In the latter cases the flavoprotein necessarily acts as a mediator between two-electron and one-electron transfers. Flavoproteins fill a unique spot in biochemistry with this capacity. An equal richness of possibilities exists in the reactions of different flavoproteins with molecular 0,. In some cases one-electron transfer is carried out, with superoxide (02-) and flavin semiquinone as the immediate products of the reaction. In other cases a direct two-electron reduction of 0, to H,O, appears to occur, and in another class of flavoproteins, the mono-oxygenases, one atom of the 0, molecule is incorporated into H20 and the other is incorporated into another substrate of the enzyme, to form an oxygenated product.


Since spectrum sensing provides the foundation of a cognitive radio system, it has to be highly reliable. Most often, the bandwidth of the underlying sensor is much smaller than the bandwidth of interest. Conventional swept sensing methods can easily miss primary user systems with either relatively low duty cycles or fast hopping. A traditional way to improve the detection probability in such situations is to sense and average over an appropriate time interval, but obviously at the expense of precious system resources. We suggest to use predictive modeling of the radio environment and sense only those spectral areas, which are expected to be occupied by a primary system. We name this novel algorithm 'target sensing' as the sensing approach is adapted to the target of interest. In this contribution, we discuss different challenges and issues involved with target sensing. Moreover, we compare its performance with conventional sensing methods. We can state that target sensing performs significantly better, especially when small sensing bandwidth platforms are used.


This work investigates the effect of the doping concentration of SiC power metal-oxide–semiconductor field-effect transistors (MOSFETs) under an unclamped inductive switching (UIS) condition. Switching circuits such as inverters and motor-drive circuits often face unexpected operating conditions; therefore, a UIS test is performed to assess the avalanche ruggedness of the device, and design parameters such as the doping concentration should be considered to improve the UIS characteristics. Technology computer-aided design circuit simulation results, such as the current flows during failure and electrical changes, were obtained by changing the doping concentration of each region in the SiC power MOSFET.


Abstract: Does it still make sense to talk about transcendence when so much of our lives is routinized, restricted, and under surveillance? Increasingly, secularists and theists are shifting their focus to modern sports arenas. When the Dutch striker Robin van Persie scored his "out of this world" goal against Spain at the 2014 World Cup, soccer fans and pundits alike had a difficult time making sense of it all. But when we look at the construction of the stadium, the lines on the pitch, and even the specific tiki-taka tactics employed by both coaches, we see how secular regulations help lay the foundation for the freeing transcendence of the modern sports fan.


It researches into linking problem of elementary mathematics teaching of advanced mathematics teaching of minority nationality regions from knowledge and contents,analyzes the reasons of freshmen who meet difficulties during studying higher mathematics,gives some suggestions to educational administration,teachers and students.


It is proved that if the multivariate Student $t$-statistic based on i.i.d. symmetric random vectors is asymptotically standard normal, then these random vectors are in the generalized domain of attraction of the normal law. Uniform integrability is also considered, even in the absence of symmetry.


Ultrafine Grained (UFG) and Nano-Structured (NS) materials have experienced a rapid development during the last decade and made profound impact on every field of materials science and engineering. The present study has been undertaken to develop ultrafine grained pure copper by severe plastic deformation method and to examine the impact property by different characterizing tools. For this aim, equal channel angular pressing die with the channel angle, outer corner angle and channel diameter of 90°, 17° and 20 mm, respectively had been designed and manufactured. Commercial pure copper billets were ECAPed up to four passes by route B C at the ambient temperature. The results indicated that there is a great improvement at the hardness measurement, yield strength and ultimate tensile strength after ECAP process. It is found that the magnitudes of HV reach 136 from 52 HV after the final pass. Also, about 285 and 125% enhancement at the YS and UTS values have been obtained after the fourth pass as compared to the as-received conditions, respectively. On the other hand, the elongation to failure and impact energy have been reduced by imposing ECAP process and pass numbers. It is needed to say that about 56% reductions in the impact energy have been attained for the samples as contrasted to annealed specimens. Furthermore, the grain size of the final pass is 800 nm for Cu sample. Finally, fracture surfaces of billets after impact test have been investigated using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM).


Background: Allergic rhinitis (AR) is a common condition worldwide. Intranasal corticosteroid spray (INCS) is the mainstream and effective first line monotherapy treatment of AR. However, the efficacy of INCS may be dependent on factors such as the patient's compliance and delivery technique of the nasal spray. The correct delivery technique of INCS depends on the adequacy of patient education. Hence, our study was conducted to assess the benefit of the different methods of patient education and the best method of patient education on INCS usage technique. Objectives of the study were to determine if proper education in the usage of ICNS affected the treatment of AR and to determine the best teaching method of nasal spray technique using both subjective and objective methods of assessment. Methods: This is a prospective study that was performed over 2 years duration from the year 2017 until 2019. A total of 96 patients were recruited based on our inclusion and exclusion criteria. The effectiveness of the different methods of teaching were determined both subjectively by total nasal symptom score (TNSS) and objectively using Rhinomanometry test. The teachings method became increasingly more comprehensive as compared to the previous visit. Assessment was done every six weeklies for 4 times after each teaching methods of nasal spray usage on each visit. All Rhinometry test and patients follow up of was done by the same surgeon. Results : There was statistically significant improvement (p<0.05) in patients symptoms based on the nasal resistance and TNSS with more comprehensive method of teaching nasal spray. Conclusions: Our study showed the importance of educating patient regarding the use of INCS. Both objective and subjective assessment of improvement after each method of patient education showed statistically significant outcome.


In the studies conducted in 2016-2017, the chemical composition of the essential oils isolated from the herb of two thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.) cultivars was investigated by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The GC-MS analyses of the volatile oils of T. vulgaris L. cv. 'English Winter' and cv. 'Summer Thyme de Provence' led to the identification of 80 and 73 constituents, respectively. The main components found in the oil of 'English Winter' cultivar were thymol (44.97 and 38.06% in 2016 and 2017, respectively), p-cymene (7.61 and 10.34%), γ-terpinene (7.08 and 6.66%) and carvacrol (5.11 and 8.27%). Similarly, thymol (36.82 and 37.32%), p-cymene (15.73 and 11.20%), γ-terpinene (5.34 and 11.09%) and carvacrol (6.50 and 5.35%) dominated in the essential oil of 'Summer Thyme de Provence' cultivar. However, the higher content of thymol was noted for cultivar 'English Winter', while cultivar 'Summer Thyme de Provence' was richer in p-cymene.

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In press - Online First. Article has been peer reviewed, accepted for publication and published online without pagination. It will receive pagination when the issue will be ready for publishing as a complete number (Volume 47, Issue 3, 2019). The article is searchable and citable by Digital Object Identifier (DOI). DOI link will become active after the article will be included in the complete issue.
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Introduction and methodology How do globalisation and internationalisation influence Swiss legislation? While the other contributions to this debate focus on direct and indirect effects of Europeanisation, the following article deals with the more general question of internationalisation. The development of international law as part of the Swiss legislation is observed over a long period of 25, partly of 60 years. Quantitative empirical findings are used to give some answers to the following questions: To what degree can the internationalisation of politics be identified in the federal legislation, and which are the domestic legal areas particularly affected by internationalisation? Moreover, internationalisation takes place in different forms of legislation (constitutional amendments, federal laws, federal ordinances and the ratification of international treaties) and implies different political actors. This leads to institutional questions: Does internationalisation lead to changes with regard to the power balance between the executive and the parliament? And what role does direct democracy play in the era of


Services and applications for real-time communications have been developed during the last decade in two different contexts with almost opposite approaches. On the one hand, tele communications companies have developed technologies based on the session initiation protocol (SIP), in the first piace to re-implement the traditional telephony service on the internet ,infrastruc ture, thus replacing the expensive circuit-switched network, but also enabling new communication channels like presence sharing and instant messaging. On the other hand, communities of open source developers have driven the evolution of open communication tools like e-mail and discus sion systems towards the extensible messaging and presence protocol (XMPP). While the two worlds have virtually ignored each other for years, basically replicating the same set of features, recent events in the industry have revealed an interesting convergence between such technolo gies that in the near future is likely to make them either clash or integrate.


The First General Assembly in special session in 1848, in petitioning congress for the gift of Fort Atkinson for use as an agricultural college, made the plea on the premise that agriculture was "the leading interest in this state." The state's first governor, Ansel Briggs, advanced the same assumption in his second message in 1850: "The best method of cultivating the soil is, and it is believed ever will be, a subject of the first importance to a large majority of the citizens of the State." This sentiment was to be reiterated by his successors and other spokesmen for the state's economic prospects. In his appeal to prospective settlers, in 1870, as secretary of the State Board of Immigration, Alexander R. Fulton made the opportunity for farming the great inducement (Iowa: The Home for Immigrants) : "Iowa is peculiarly an agricultural state. Whatever inducements she may at present, or in the future, offer to the manufacturer, the miner, or persons engaged in the other pursuits in life, the essential fact remains, that the true source of her rising greatness and prospective grandeur lies in the capacity of her soil to supply those staples absolutely necessary for the sustenance of man." Governor William Larrabee, who could speak from unusually long and large personal experience, summed up the matter in the hectic days of the latter eighties :


vii LIST OF FIGURES xvii LIST OF TABLES xvii LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS xix CHAPTER 1: WOMEN IN HIGHER EDUCATION LEADERSHIP 1.


The rock salt with interlayer in Jintan Salt Mine in China was regarded as the prototype in this experiment.A similar material of rock salt with interlayer by using natural salt powder,quartz sand,rosin and alcohol based on similarity theory was made by numerous experiments.The physical and mechanical parameters of model material basically met the similar conditions,such as bulk weight,Poisson's ratio,elastic modulus,compressive strength.The deformation characteristics and failure characteristics were similar to the natural bedded rock salt.The effect of pressure,moisture content,the interlayer thickness and the number of interlayer for mechanical properties of the model material was studied.The results show that the higher compaction force of the similar material is,the more stronger mechanical strength is.The increasing of moisture content and interlayer thickness of the similar material will weaken its mechanical strength.When the total thickness of interlayer is similar,then the mechanical strength of similar material with more interlayers is slightly higher than the one with less interlayer.


The paper summarizes key results of a long-term
multidisciplinary research project focusing on Mesolithic sites
under the sandstone rockshelters of Northern Bohemia.


ABSTRACT The success of advertising in a global forum depends in part on the ability to translate local phenomena for an international audience, and the challenges presented in communicating culturally-bound sentiment and loyalty across national boundaries is largely uninvestigated in the realm of sports. One of the most memorable advertising campaigns in the recent history of Spanish soccer is a series of TV commercials widely known as 'campañas de sentimiento' ('campaigns of sentiment'). The aim of this paper is to examine how the expressive, referential, and appellative functions of these commercials are explicitly and implicitly conveyed in the source texts and the choices translators face in rendering those functions into target language commercials. Nord's purposeful approach to translation and her documentary and instrumental choices in translation are the basis for the analysis. The results show that the expressive and referential functions are used as instruments to serve the appellative macro speech act that these campaigns represent and to convey the values of the soccer team. Translation choices are made according to the very nature of those values.


The invention discloses a color film substrate of a touch screen, a touch display device and a method for manufacturing the color film substrate of the touch screen. The color film substrate of the touch screen comprises a lining substrate, a black matrix, a color light resistor, a set of first electrode wires, a set of second electrode wires and insulation pads. The black matrix is arranged on the lining substrate, the black matrix comprises a light-pervious region and a shading region, the color light resistor is arranged in the light-pervious region of the black matrix, the first electrode wires and the second electrode wires are arranged above the black matrix and the color light resistor and arranged in a crossed mode, each first electrode wire comprises a plurality of first electrodes which are in series connection through a bridging line, each second electrode wire comprises a plurality of second electrodes which are connected in series through a connecting line, the bridging lines and the connecting lines are arranged in a crossed mode, and the crossed region is opposite to the shading region of the black matrix in position. The insulation pads are arranged between the bridging lines and the connecting lines and enable the bridging lines and the connecting lines to be insulated and isolated. According to the structural scheme, the manufacturing process of the color film substrate of the touch screen is greatly simplified, the use number of mask plates is reduced, and the manufacturing cost is reduced.


The sulphur–sulphur bond lengths in 2,5-dianilino-3,4-diaza-1,6,6a-trithiapentalene are 2·475(3) and 2·225(3)A, and the difference in sulphur–sulphur bond lengths may be partly due to intermolecular N–H⋯N bonding and to the different geometries of the anilino-groups.


XU Bao-gang conjectured : If the clique complex C(G) of a graph G is acyclic, G is contractible. In this paper we prove that the conjecture holds for planar graphs.


The research problem was to investigate the acculturational, communicative, and authoritarian parenting aspects of conflict between Korean American adolescents and their parents and to examine the most significant of those aspects in order to improve understanding the nature of parent-adolescent conflict for Korean Americans. The expected research result was that the communicative aspect of conflict between Korean American adolescents and their parents would be more significant than the acculturational or authoritarian parenting aspect. In particular, this study proposed that a destructive and negative communication relationship would be the most significant factor for parent-adolescent conflict in Korean American families. The results indicated that both the communicative aspect and authoritarian parenting style were significant predictors for parent-adolescent conflict, but the communicative aspect was the most significant predictor. However, even though the authoritarian parenting aspect was less significant than the communicative aspect, authoritarian parenting style was highly significant.


CLINICAL QUESTION
Does epinephrine (adrenaline) used in the context of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest improve outcomes?

ARTICLE CHOSEN
Jacobs IG, Finn JC, Jelinek GA, et al. Effect of adrenaline on survival in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: a randomised double-blind placebo-controlled trial. Resuscitation 2011;82:1138-43.

OBJECTIVE
To determine the effect of epinephrine in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest on patient survival to hospital discharge, prehospital return of spontaneous circulation, and neurologic outcomes.


This paper traces the history of a popular Scottish folk song and shows how the narratives relating to childbearing change with the conventions of the periods.


An unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) is a robotic aircraft that can fly with either a remote input from a ground-based operator, or autonomously without human intervention based on pre-programmed flight plans (How et al., 2004). UAVs offer advantages over conventional manned vehicles in many applications because they can be used in situations otherwise too dangerous for manned vehicles and without being weighed down by the systems required by a pilot. UAVs are currently receiving much attention in research because they can be used in a wide variety of fields, both civil and military, such as reconnaissance, geophysical survey, environmental and meteorological monitoring, aerial photography, and search-and-rescue tasks. Most of these missions are usually carried out in threatened environments, and then it is very important to fly along a route which keeps the UAV away from known threats. Detection radars are one of the main threats for an UAV, but there are others that should also be avoided, such as fires, electric storms, radio shadowing zones, no flight zones, and so on. One of the main goals in many UAV's projects has been to establish the route that maximizes the likelihood of successful mission completion taking into account all known information about technological constraints, obstacles and threat zones on a static environment (Richards & How, 2002). Some papers that investigate path planning for UAVs presume that the location of the threats and their presence are deterministically known at planning-time, and interpret a path which avoids possible threat regions as an optimal path (Borto, 2000). However more recent projects are examining the possibilities of UAVs as realistic autonomous agents working on dynamic environments where threat zones called pop-up are present (Zengin & Dogan, 2004). The true presence of these types of zones is only known at flying-time, but the location and knowledge about the probability of appearance can be known at planning-time. In this chapter we will present an approach to trajectory optimization for UAV in presence of obstacles, waypoints, and risk zones. The approach has been implemented on SPASAS (System for Planning And Simulation of Aerial Strategy), an integrated system for definition of flight scenarios, flight planning, simulation and graphic representation of the results developed at Complutense University of Madrid. The system uses two alternative methods for trajectory generation: mixed integer linear programming (MILP) and a modification of the A* algorithm, depending on the characteristics of the scenario between two waypoints.


Strain is powerful for discovery and manipulation of new phases of matter; however, elastic strains accessible to epitaxial films and bulk crystals are typically limited to small ( < 2 %), uniform, and often discrete values. This Perspective highlights emerging directions for strain and strain gradient engineering in free-standing single-crystalline membranes of quantum materials. Membranes enable large ( ∼ 10 %), continuously tunable strains and strain gradients via bending and rippling. Moreover, strain gradients break inversion symmetry to activate polar distortions, ferroelectricity, chiral spin textures, superconductivity, and topological states. Recent advances in membrane synthesis by remote epitaxy and sacrificial etch layers enable extreme strains in transition metal oxides, intermetallics, and Heusler compounds, expanding beyond the natively van der Waals (vdW) materials like graphene. We highlight emerging opportunities and challenges for strain and strain gradient engineering in membranes of non-vdW materials.


Predicting and modeling the water scarcity condition is a complex problem. In this article, the regression model predicting the water demand and supply and the gray relational model analyzing the factors of water scarcity are proposed. Take Henan for example, Henan is heavily lack for water. To remit the situation of water scarcity, VPR (Vehicle Routing Problem) model can help find a best plan to transport water from Danjiangkou reservoir to Henan.


In order to study the vibration characteristic of a pipe under the actual boundary condition,the first two modes of a beam with a simple support and an elastic restraint were adopted as a substitute for modes of the corresponding pipe conveying fluid.Through Lagrange's equation,the control equation of the pipe with an elastic restraint was deduced and then was solved by the modal method.The paper analyzes the influence of the different support stiffness on the beam's first two eigenvalues,and the influence of support stiffness on the natural frequencies and the mid-span maximal displacement.The results show that the support stiffness within the range of 0~1 000 N/m has less influence on pipes' natural frequencies,while the support stiffness beyond 1000 N/m has greater influence.With the increase of the support stiffness,the mid-span maximal displacement decreases.


US textile manufacturers look on in trepidation at the prospect of a reduction in their tariff and quota protection. Their most immediate concern is with import penetration in the clothing market Have they got any intrinsic advantages and to what degree can they turn fashion changes and computerization to their advantage? How do they rate the competition from Asian countries? What strategies are they pursuing? Such questions are considered in this paper.


The invention discloses a microgrid reactive-voltage control device and a control method thereof. A reactive power Q-E controller of the microgrid reactive-voltage control device comprises a Q-E drooping controller, an impedance corrector and a summator, wherein the Q-E drooping controller is used for obtaining an open loop compensation value Delta E1 of an inner electric potential command value E*, Delta E1= nE (Q*-Q), the nE is a Q-E drooping coefficient of a VST hardware circuit, the Q* is a command value of reactive power, the impedance corrector is used for obtaining a closed loop compensation value Delta E2 of the inner electric potential command value E*, Delta E2=(E*-U0)/nu +(Q*-Q)G(s), nu is a setting Q-U drooping coefficient, a G(S) is a transfer function of a reactive-voltage closed loop controller, and the G(S) contains an integration element to guarantee voltage-reactive drooping features of a port, the summator is used for obtaining an amplitude value E to achieve an impedance self-correcting function, and an expression that E= E*+ Delta E1+ Delta E2 is met by the amplitude value E. The microgrid reactive-voltage control device has the advantages that the impedance self-correcting function is achieved. The invention further relates to the control device of the microgrid reactive-voltage control device.


A modular processing system, lending itself to multiple configurations and integrated with a phone pre-treatment system. It consists of types of elementary modules I, M, CPU, MEI, MAC, each of which is interconnected in treatment structures, the module that performs the CPU function is designed to be > duplicated by a single processing unit and in each of the processing units, there are provided means adapted to perform real-time pre-processing of telephone signals.


Master's thesis deals with judges and the execution of legal profession and the psychological aspects of it in Czech republic in 2015. First part deals with theoretical aspect of judiciary, historical analysis of development of normative requirements of execution of described legal profession, while reflecting the history of judiciary in Czech republic. Second part manages to apply theoretical knowledge to present problems of execution of described legal profession, be it normative change or ethical issues. The conclusion of the thesis contains independent "de lege ferenda" opinions of the author about the discussed issues.


Automation cueing of impending hazards or critical signals can have both beneficial and deleterious effects on the human operator, depending on automation reliability. To assess these effects, transcranial Doppler sonography (TCD), a low-cost non-invasive procedure that allows continuous monitoring of blood flow in the left and right cerebral hemispheres, was used to examine the influence of automation cues of varying reliability on vigilance performance in a 40-min simulated air traffic control task. Four levels of automation cue reliability (100, 80 and 40% reliable cueing and a no-cue control) were combined factorially with two levels of critical signal salience (high and low). For both levels of signal salience, the detection rate of critical signals was very high and remained stable over time with 100% cue-reliability, but declined over time in the remaining cue conditions, so that, by the end of the task, performance efficiency was best in the 100% condition followed in order by the 80%, 40%, and no-cue conditions. These performance effects for cueing were very closely mirrored by changes in cerebral blood flow in the right (but not the left) hemisphere in conjunction with low salience signals. The results fit well with an attentional resource model of vigilance and show that cerebral blood flow provides a metabolic index of the utilization of information-processing resources during sustained attention. The demonstration of systematic modulation of cerebral blood flow with time on task, automation cueing and signal salience also provides strong evidence for a right hemispheric brain system that is involved in the functional control of vigilance performance over time. Measurement of the activation of this system, as a reflection of operator mental workload, can, therefore, inform the design of optimal automation cueing.


Pure rutile Co-doped TiO2 films were fabricated by the pulsed-laser-deposition technique on silicon substrates from a ceramic target. Under the right fabrication conditions, Co concentration in the films could be almost the same as in the target, and films under various conditions all are ferromagnetic well above room temperature. Even though Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy measurements show that Co atoms mostly localize near the surface of the films and exist less in deeper levels, other experimental evidence shows that the ferromagnetism does not come from Co segregations, but from the Co-doped TiO2 matrix. Rutile Ti1−xCoxO2 thin films grown by a very simple technique on low-cost silicon substrates showing a Curie temperature (TC) above 400 K appear to be very attractive to applications.


Restoration of electrical interfaces has potential to increase the reliability and safety of high performance batteries. In Li-ion batteries, continued cycling of silicon anodes results in cracking or pulverization of the particles, and ultimately destruction of the conductive network. Here, we consider an approach to increase cycle lifetimes and reliability through restoration of anode conductance via the use of microencapsulated components that form a conductive network when released. In this study, robust microcapsules were prepared with high carbon black loading (up to 20 w/v %) present in liquid core. Increased hydrophobicity of carbon black was achieved through the functionalization of oxidized carbon black with octadecylamine. Upon crushing, functionalized carbon black (FCB) filled microcapsules demonstrated improved particle release compared to unfunctionalized carbon black. The potential for conductance restoration of Si electrodes was first evaluated by crushing FCB microcapsules on electrode line cracks introduced by a fiber removal method, with a maximum recovery of 100% of original conductance. Performance is compared with microencapsulated graphene and carbon nanotubes. In situ recovery of electrode materials is currently in progress. ICSHM2013 _________________________________________________________________________________ 466


The two techniques, isostatic pressing and solvent pressing, were combined in order to utilize the special advantages of each system. The special apparatus consists of an open-end Neoprene bag into which is inserted a metal chamber (heavy wall tube) fitted across the mouth with a perforated metal plate. In operation, solvent is placed in the Neoprene bag, powder is poured in, and the chamber is inserted. The assembly is then subjected to isostatic pressure. In addition to the geometry and size of the piece to be pressed, other parameters of significance are press time, pressure, temperature, particle size and size distribution, and solvent. Discussion is given on the pressing of explosives and propellant formulations. (P. C.H.)


An N-heterocyclic carbene-catalyzed cleavage and recombination of the C–S bond was developed. This is an efficient example of NHC reacting with an unsaturated thioester to generate an α,β-unsaturated acyl azolium with high atom economy. This protocol affords an alternative route for the construction of highly functionalized thiochroman derivatives with three consecutive stereogenic centers with good to high yields, as well as excellent diastereoselectivity and enantioselectivity.


16-S RNA and five pure ribosomal proteins (S3, S4, S6, S7 and S8) from Escherichia coli 30-S subunits were studied by circular dichroism in regard to the reconstitution of biologically active subunits. A small structural variation upon heating could be measured for RNA. It cannot be interpreted in terms of stacking or disruption of hydrogen bonds. However, most proteins underwent important structural modifications when heated to 42°C in reconstitution solvent. This effect was not dependent on the presence of magnesium salt. The relative amounts of secondary structure of native and heat-denatured ribosomal proteins were calculated by using three reference curves obtained from standard proteins, the exact secondary structure of which has been determined by X-ray crystallography. In contrast with earlier results, about 18%β-structure was detected in native proteins. This discrepancy can most probably be attributed to the calculation method used. Results are discussed in relation to reconstitution of ribosomes.


The phase III trial IMpower133 showed that platinum and etoposide plus atezolizumab was associated with improved overall survival (OS) and progression free‐survival (PFS) when compared to the placebo group in treatment‐naïve extensive stage (ES) small cell lung cancer (SCLC). Due to superiority in clinical outcomes, combination immunotherapy plus chemotherapy have become mainstay treatment modalities as first‐line treatment in ES‐SCLC. Nevertheless, real‐world data are still lacking and the search for potential biomarkers is essential. This study aimed to evaluate potential predictive biomarkers applicable in ES‐SCLC under combination therapy.


Significance
 In their joint statement the two partners stressed their common interest in: ensuring that new technologies reflect and reinforce their democratic values; resisting unfair trading practices of 'non-market economies'; and working with like-minded countries on technology issues in multilateral forums. However, the statement added that the TTC would not affect either side's regulatory autonomy.

 Impacts
 Bilateral trade tensions could escalate if both sides use industrial policy to boost their domestic tech sectors.
 To safeguard supply chains, both sides may impose procurement restrictions to favour local tech suppliers or exclude non-domestic firms.
 EU leaders could support EU-based cloud providers, especially for storing public data, thereby challenging US corporate dominance.


In this paper we prove the Hyers-Ulam-Rassias sta- bility by considering the cases that the approximate remainder ' is deflned by f(x ⁄ y) + f(x ⁄ y i1 ) i 2f(x) i 2f(y) = '(x;y), f(x⁄y⁄z)+f(x)+f(y)+f(z)if(x⁄y)if(y⁄z)if(z⁄x) = '(x;y;z), where (G;⁄) is a group, X is a real or complex Hausdorfi topological vector space, and f is a function from G into X.


Based on Edward Said's Orientalism,the paper attempts an examination of the title "Cathay" and the content of Cathay.The title reminds the reader of a romantic and utopian China whereas the content,full of sorrow and despair,reflects a China of wasteland.This contrast of the title with the content reflects the Westerners' changing visions of China,the colonizing invasion into China by the Western powers,and the orientalism of Cathay.


Mild pulmonary valvular stenosis with an intact ventricular septum (also termed 'isolated', 'solitary', and 'with normal aortic root') has received little attention in the roentgenologic literature (KJELLBERG et coll. 1955, 1959, and GAY & FRANCH 1960). We have had twenty cases in which the diagnosis has been established by cardiac catheterization; in sixteen of these selective angiocardiography was also performed. Five of these cases were previously reported by KJELLBERG et coll. For purposes of this investigation mild solitary pulmonary stenosis was defined as: valvular stenosis by which at catheterization a peak right ventricular pressure no greater than 50 mm Hg with the patient at rest was demonstrated, and no evidence of a left-to-right shunt by oximetry.


The antibiotic concentration measurement method and the assay kit is provided. Determination of the antibiotic concentration in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention includes the steps of: preparing a magnetic particle in combination with antibiotics, comprising the steps of: preparing a silica-coated fluorescent particles antibody binds one or more of antibiotics, coated magnetic particles of silica fluorescent particles and a step of reaction, and reacting the silica coating includes the step of irradiating a laser to the fluorescent particle.


Pultrusion is a versatile continuous high speed production technology allowing the production of fibre reinforced complex profiles. Thermosetting resins are normally used as matrices in the production of structural constant cross section profiles. Although only recently thermoplastic matrices have been used in long and continuous fibre reinforced composites replacing with success thermosetting matrices, the number of their applications is increasing due to their better ecological and mechanical performance. Composites with thermoplastic matrices offers increased fracture toughness, higher impact tolerance, short processing cycle time and excellent environmental stability. They are recyclable, post-formable and can be joined by welding. The use of long/continuous fibre reinforced thermoplastic matrix composites involves, however, great technological and scientific challenges since thermoplastics present much higher viscosity than thermosettings, which makes much difficult and complex the impregnation of reinforcements and consolidation tasks. [1] In this work continuous fibres reinforced thermoplastic matrix towpregs were produced using equipment developed by the Institute for Polymers and Composites (IPC). The processing of the towpregs was made by pultrusion, in a developed prototype equipment existing in the Engineering School of the Polytechnic Institute of Porto (ISEP). Different thermoplastic matrices and fibres raw-materials were used in this study to manufacture pultruded composites for commercial applications (glass and carbon fibre/ polypropylene) and for advanced markets (carbon fibre/Primospire®). To improve the temperature distribution profile in heating die, different modifications were performed. In order to optimize both processes, towpregs production and pultruded composites profiles were analysed to determine the influence of the most relevant processing parameters in the final properties. The final pultruded composite profiles were submitted to mechanical tests to obtain the relevant properties. P. J. Novo, J. F. Silva, J. P. Nunes, A. T. Marques


This study aims to determine the influence of the quality of financial statements through the quality of accruals and debt maturity on investment decisions under conditions of underinvestment and overinvestment with firm size as control variable. The research sample is a mining sector manufacturing company with 152 observations. The research sample is non probability sampling method with purposive sampling technique. The type of data is secondary data. Data analysis techniques Binary logistic regression analysis. The results showed the number of companies with 40 companies in underinvestment conditions, 72 companies in normal investment and 40 companies in overinvestment conditions. The results show the quality of financial statements negatively affect the conditions of underinvestment and overinvestment. While debt maturity has a positive effect on the conditions of underinvestment and overinvestment. Regulators must play an active role in carrying out monitoring tasks and encourage companies to improve the quality of their financial reporting.


A new ambipolar fluorophore, 3,6-di(4,4′-dimethoxydiphenylaminyl)-9-(1-naphthyl)carbazole, was synthesized and its physical properties were studied by differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetric analysis, UV-vis absorption, luminescence and photoelectron emission spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetry and a time of flight method. The latter technique indicates that the compound demonstrates bipolar semiconducting properties. Using the synthesized compound as an emissive material, a single-layer OLED with an electroluminescence spectrum containing a voltage-dependent electroplex emission band in the region of 550–650 nm was fabricated. Another OLED was fabricated with an additional electron transporting bathophenanthroline layer that forms a direct interface with the layer of 3,6-di(4,4′-dimethoxydiphenylaminyl)-9-(1-naphthyl)carbazole. A strong exciplex-type band in the electroluminescence spectrum of this OLED with an emission maximum at ca. 540 nm was observed. The electroluminescence spectra of both devices were found to be clearly dependent on the applied bias. This effect can be useful for the development of efficient and colour-tunable OLEDs.


As a possible location for viewing the last total solar eclipse of the twentieth century, geographical and meteorological conditions for Hungary are described. V403 Cygni, BF Canis Minoris, and EG Cancri: Recent Observations of Three Variable Stars Discovered by Huruhata in Japan, Part 1 (Abstract) Seiichi Sakuma Variable Star Observers League of Japan 2-21-9, Kami-Aso, Asao-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa-Ken, 215-0021, Japan Abstract Some variables discovered in Japan are still listed with the original elements after more than twenty years. The author is observing these stars by visual step method and by CCD camera. In part one of this project, the author has selected three variables discovered by the late Dr. Masaaki Huruhata (1912–1988), former director of the Tokyo Astronomical Observatory. Dr Huruhata was a variable star observer before working at and after retiring from the Observatory, and discovered thirty variable and suspected variable stars. Some variables discovered in Japan are still listed with the original elements after more than twenty years. The author is observing these stars by visual step method and by CCD camera. In part one of this project, the author has selected three variables discovered by the late Dr. Masaaki Huruhata (1912–1988), former director of the Tokyo Astronomical Observatory. Dr Huruhata was a variable star observer before working at and after retiring from the Observatory, and discovered thirty variable and suspected variable stars.


The psychological effect of penalty is one of important contents from the psychology of penalty, which directly reflects whether the purpose of penalty has been realized or not and the degree to be achieved.Based on the previous research on this question,the article deals with those relative elements which can influence the psychological effect of penalty,and come up with a series of relevant methods to cause the positively psychological effect of penalty.


Doxycycline (DOX) is a key antimalarial drug thought to kill Plasmodium parasites by blocking protein translation in the essential apicoplast organelle. Clinical use is primarily limited to prophylaxis due to delayed second-cycle parasite death at 1-3 μM serum concentrations. DOX concentrations >5 μM kill parasites with first-cycle activity but have been ascribed to off-target mechanisms outside the apicoplast. We report that 10 μM DOX blocks apicoplast biogenesis in the first cycle and is rescued by isopentenyl pyrophosphate, an essential apicoplast product, confirming an apicoplast-specific mechanism. Exogenous iron rescues parasites and apicoplast biogenesis from first-but not second-cycle effects of 10 μM DOX, revealing that first-cycle activity involves a metal-dependent mechanism distinct from the delayed-death mechanism. These results critically expand the paradigm for understanding the fundamental antiparasitic mechanisms of DOX and suggest repurposing DOX as a faster-acting antimalarial at higher dosing whose multiple mechanisms would be expected to limit parasite resistance.


Detecting objects such as aircraft and ships is a fundamental research area in remote sensing analytics. Owing to the prosperity and development of CNNs, many previous methodologies have been proposed for object detection within remote sensing images. Despite the advance, using the object detection datasets with a more complex structure, i.e., datasets with hierarchically multi-labeled objects, is limited to the existing detection models. Especially in remote sensing images, since objects are obtained from bird's-eye view, the objects are captured with restricted visual features and not always guaranteed to be labeled up to fine categories. We propose a hierarchical multi-label object detection framework applicable to hierarchically partial-annotated datasets. In the framework, an object detection pipeline called Decoupled Hierarchical Classification Refinement (DHCR) fuses the results of two networks: (1) an object detection network with multiple classifiers, and (2) a hierarchical sibling classification network for supporting hierarchical multi-label classification. Our framework additionally introduces a region proposal method for efficient detection on vain areas of the remote sensing images, called clustering-guided cropping strategy. Thorough experiments validate the effectiveness of our framework on our own object detection datasets constructed with remote sensing images from WorldView-3 and SkySat satellites. Under our proposed framework, DHCR-based detections significantly improve the performance of respective baseline models and we achieve state-of-the-art results on the datasets.


Abstract The theory to predict the performance and loads on rotors (propellers, screws, windmills) has a history of more than a century. Apart from modern computational fluid dynamics and vortex panel models taking the true blade geometry into account, most other models proceed from an infinitely thin actuator disc or line. These models assume an externally defined force field distributed at the disc or line, representing the loads on the real rotor. Given this force field, the flow is solved by momentum balances or by the equations of motion. The use of external force fields was discussed in textbooks of the first decades of the 20th century, but has received little attention since then. This paper investigates the higher-order effect of adding thickness to the actuator disc or changing the actuator line to a blade with cross-sectional dimensions. For the generation of a Rankine vortex by a force field acting on an actuator disc with thickness, an exact solution has been found in which not only the thrust and torque determine the flow, but also a radial force. This force is conservative, in contrast to the other force components. For rotor blades, a conservative normal and radial force acting on the chordwise bound vorticity is present. This explains the experimentally observed inboard motion of the tip vortex of model wind turbine rotors before the wake induction field drives it outboard. Simulations by computational fluid mechanics and a vortex panel code reproduce the inboard motion, but an actuator line analysis, in which the chordwise vorticity is absent, does not. The conservative load is only $\def \xmlpi #1{}\def \mathsfbi #1{\boldsymbol {\mathsf {#1}}}\let \le =\leqslant \let \leq =\leqslant \let \ge =\geqslant \let \geq =\geqslant \def \Pr {\mathit {Pr}}\def \Fr {\mathit {Fr}}\def \Rey {\mathit {Re}}1\mbox{--}2\, \%$ of the thrust on the entire blade but ${\approx }10\, \%$ of the thrust at the tip ( $r/R>0.9$ ). Conservative forces at the disc and rotor blade vanish for vanishing disc thickness or blade cross-section, so play no role in any of the infinitely thin actuator disc or line methods. However, if higher-order effects of non-zero dimensions are to be modelled, the conservative force field has to be included.


This paper investigates phylogenetic relations hips within the Muscicapinae based on analysis of cytochrome oxidase I mitochond rial gene sequences (1 176 bp). Sixteen species representing six of eight puta tive Muscicapinae genera were analysed, and Dicrurus hottentottus and Lani us isabellinus were selected as outgroups. Phylogenetic trees were reconstruct ed using the Bayesian (BI), maximumlikelihood (ML) and maximum parsimony (MP) methods. The results suggest that Terpsiphone, Rhipidura and Culicicapa are distant relatives of the other genera of Muscicapinae, and Rhipidura is a close relative of Culicicapa. Muscicapa is a monophyletic taxon, but the p hylogenetic relationships of Muscicapa, Niltava and Ficedula are still u ncertain. Our results suggest that Muscicapa thalassina should be placed in Niltava. These results resolve the phylogenetic relationships among some gen era of Muscicapinae and provide some molecular phylogenetic evidence for taxonom ic research of Muscicapinae.


Recognizing scene information in images or has attracted much attention in computer vision or videos, such as locating the objects and answering "Where am research field. Many existing scene recognition methods focus on static images, and cannot achieve satisfactory results on videos which contain more complex scenes features than images. In this paper, we propose a robust movie scene recognition approach based on panoramic frame and representative feature patch. More specifically, the movie is first efficiently segmented into video shots and scenes. Secondly, we introduce a novel key-frame extraction method using panoramic frame and also a local feature extraction process is applied to get the representative feature patches (RFPs) in each video shot. Thirdly, a Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) based recognition model is trained to recognize the scene within each individual video scene clip. The correlations between video clips are considered to enhance the recognition performance. When our proposed approach is implemented to recognize the scene in realistic movies, the experimental results shows that it can achieve satisfactory performance.


Background: Erythema nodosum (EN) and erythema induratum (EI) are similar inflammatory diseases of the lower extremities. Several factors (infections, drug hypersensitivity, inflammatory diseases, etc.) have been suggested as the cause of these diseases. Among them is Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) infection. However, there is still a lack of evidence supporting this finding.
Objective: This study aimed to confirm whether Korean patients with EN/EI will exhibit positive interferon-gamma release assay (IGRA) results and determine the association of these disease with tuberculosis.
Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the clinical characteristics and IGRA test results of 62 patients (46 with EN and 16 with EI).
Results: A total of 22 of 44 EN patients (50%) had positive IGRA test results, except for two with "undetermined" results, and 12 of 16 EI patients (75%) had positive test results. This result was higher than that of the control group (15.5%, 292/1887) and showed a statistically significant difference (each p=0.000). Moreover, the proportion of EI patients with positive test results was higher than that of patients with severe psoriasis (35.6%, 112/315; p=0.001). Among EN/EI patients with positive IGRA test results, those treated with antituberculosis therapy (HREZ) showed good response rate. The response rate was 85.7% (6/7) for patients with EN and 90% (9/10) for those with EI.
Conclusion: High IGRA positivity was found in Korean EN/EI patients. This finding suggests a significant association between these diseases and tuberculosis. (Korean J Dermatol 2020;58(1):14∼19)


This study begins with the problem of low utilization of services in health centers where the target is not in accordance with the realization. The purpose of this study was to analyze the influence of personal value, outcome evaluation, attitude, intention, and perceived behavioral control on decision-making processes, decisions, and actions in utilizing public health center services. The design of this research was quantitative by using cross sectional survey method. The research was conducted in all areas of health centers in Kendari. The unit of analysis was patients or families of the patients who decided to utilize health center services. The samples were proportionally calculated and should comply with the requirement of the model size which consisted of 410 samples. The results showed that personal values had a significant effect on outcome evaluation and decision to public health center services. Personal values had no significant effect on attitudes. Outcome evaluation had a significant effect on attitude to utilize public health center services. An intention had a significant influence on the decision making process in utilizing public health center services. The decision-making process significantly influenced the decisions in utilizing public health center services. The perceived behavioral control significantly influenced the decision making process and the decision itself. The decision significantly influenced the action to utilize public health center services. Due to the discovery of new scientific concepts within the scope of consumers' behavior in the clinic, it can be used as a basis for improving the performance of health centers by understanding of personal values of society and provide training to public officials to increase confidence about the ability to control his behavior in the use of public health center. The results are also useful for developing strategies in the management of public health centers as an option in utilizing health services.


Current research on both informal reasoning and scientific reasoning ought to bear directly on efforts to understand and promote critical thinking, and yet these two bodies of work have proceeded largely independently of one another and neither has been linked to the older, more extensive literature on critical thinking. A way is offered here of conceptualizing and examining informal reasoning that links it to scientific reasoning, and makes it clear how both are central to critical thinking. Both informal and scientific reasoning entail the evidence-based justification of beliefs, or the coordination of theory and evidence. Foundational abilities that lie at the heart of both types of reasoning are the ability to recognize the possible falsehood of a theory, and the identification of evidence capable of disconfirming it. Identification of extended precursors to these abilities suggest that their development is both gradual and multifaceted


The peculiar little fishes known as seahorses in English-speaking countries, or generally by a translation of that term in other countries, have caught the popular fancy and attracted wide interest since ancient times, because of their bizarre appearance. Recognizable descriptions of seahorses may be traced back to the writings of the ancients.^ Among the descriptions and even figured representations of aquatic monsters by the old writers, one comes across such circumstantial accounts that it becomes evident that they really believed in the existence of such monsters. In some cases at least they must have had in mind some hazy mem.ory of a seahorse. Even in our sophisticated times the seahorse remains an object of absorbing interest. Specimens are often sold as souvenirs and are sometimes gilded and used as fobs for watch chains or for other ornamental purposes. No less than the popular attraction is the scientific interest in these fishes, because of their peculiar structure, their distinctive mode of life, and their unusual method of reproduction. Their peculiar, bony, jointed external skeleton, the shape of their head, which markedly resembles, in miniature, that of a horse, and their


he complex relationship between politics, technology, military art and warfare is Ivana Damnjanovic certainly one of the most interesting and always topical areas of research in the area of social sciences. The aim of this paper is to shed light on several aspects of this relation, as well as their explanations in the scientific literature. First of all, the tie between the state, the army and the technology has prompted many authors to point to the far-reaching social consequences of such a complex of power. In addition, the military technology, exactly because of its association with the state, is characterized by a range of specific features that require special analysis. Finally, the technology may be a multiplier of the military power, and thus, indirectly, of the political power.


We show that it is necessary to take into account the fourth order dispersion term to capture the full dynamics of coherently driven fiber ring cavities when working in low dispersion regions. © 2007 Optical Society of America.


Ficino discovered from Proclus that the Parmenides, and notably its second part, had a dramatic interpretative history. Its correct interpretation had been lost soon after Plato's death and was rediscovered in stages by Plotinus and by his successors culminating with Plutarch of Athens, the teacher of Syrianus, the teacher of Proclus. The key was determining that its second part consisted of nine hypotheses: of five interlocking positive hypotheses and four interlocking negative, the positive each dealing with the five hypostases or levels of reality (beginning with the One and descending via Mind, Soul, and Quality to Matter), and the negative with the absurd consequences that would ensue if the One did not exist. I have argued that Ficino regarded the recovery of this interpretation as a signal triumph. It led him, again following Proclus, to view all the other dialogues as tributary to the Parmenides and, once its mysteries had been comprehended, as thereafter dispensable. It also prompted him to elevate Parmenides above Socrates as Plato's teacher; and, given his assumption that Parmenides was a Pythagorean, to view the dialogue as a masterpiece of Pythagorean theology and specifically of negative theology, of the dialectical stripping away of all that is not-one in pursuit of the One. With Ficino indeed the dialogue became the definitive key to Plato's ontology and dialectics alike, and its role in the history of Renaissance thought has hardly been acknowledged, let alone received its due. Malmsheimer's philosophical study, in German, deals both with the Parmenides and with Ficino's commentary, and is necessarily a technical piece of work focusing on the many complexities. Unfortunately, it neglects Ficino's analysis of the Sophist, the companion piece for Ficino of the Parmenides since he identified its speaker, the mysterious Stranger, with Melissus, Parmenides' disciple, the two dialogues constituting in his mind the pinnacle of Plato's metaphysical and dialectical achievement. A more serious flaw is that the Latin quoted in the footnotes is based on the Basle 1576 edition and not on that of the 1496 editio princeps (the only authoritative text). It is therefore dotted with omissions and mistakes to the point occasionally of distorting the logic of an argument. Such problems aside, this study provides us nonetheless with a valuable and thought provoking exploration of Ficino's eleatic masterpiece.


The present invention relates to a nasal tube (1) for a non-invasive ventilatory support (NIV-CPAP) to prevent damage, comprising at least a central tube (5), the central tube (5) at a distance from the forehead region and nose extending into the patient's nostrils. The first end of the central tube (5) having an adapter (2) to be fixed to the patient's forehead, a hose connector coupled to the ventilator system, and the second end of the central tube (5) comprises a nose connector ( 6), which is sickle-shaped form from the central tube (5) extends, and leads nostril.


Recent demands calling for increased educational accountability and the restructuring of schools to solve educational problems have focused attention on the principal's role in facilitating change to produce academic improvement. An extension of external demands for improved quality of educational systems are policy decisions aimed at holding principals directly accountable for school outcomes. Unfortunately, although the number of states that mandate formal evaluation of principals has dramatically increased over the past several years (Ebmeier & Wilson, 1989), the quality of the assessments has not substantially improved (Ebmeier, 1991; Marcoulides, 1990; Marcoulides & Heck, 1992b). In fact, there continue to be significant conceptual and methodological problems associated with establishing effective principal performance evaluation methods (Ebmeier & Wilson, 1989; Heck, Larsen, & Marcoulides, 1990; Heck & Marcoulides, 1989; Pitner & Hocevar, 1987). The systematic study of principal assessment, therefore, has been slow to develop, has not experienced a high degree of systematization, and has not been guided by firmly established theoretical considerations (Glasman & Heck, this issue). The purpose of this article is threefold: (a) to raise several conceptual and methodological issues that must be addressed in the process of developing a model of principal assessment that is theoretically


At the same time and it can be made compact low height of the stage, also smooth transport and to obtain a high-speed, high-accuracy, and provides a sliding stage can be produced at low cost. The surface plate 1 and the slider 4, the insert wave, combination of the linear motor with the air down the base 1 the slider bursting on the surface 4 and the electron attractive force (7,8), and the guides in the vertical direction is air and is bound to the repulsion of the electron attractive force, the transverse direction is bound to the repulsion of the air only, matching the guide plane and the driving force generating surface and also a position detecting device (9) in consideration of the Abbe error at the center upper part of the slide stage It was installed.


Chicago. &dquo;The new set-up will be put into effect on a stage-by-stage basis between now and January 1, 1960. It hinges on certification of the graduates, by the recently established Educational Council for Foreign Medical Graduates, under the executive directorship of Dr. Dean F. Smiley, former secretary of the Association of American Medical Colleges. &dquo;Among the steps contemplated by the new council, according to I)rs. Smiley and David B. Allman, president of the AMA, is the scrapping of the current list of some 50 'approved' foreign medical colleges. &dquo;Instead, foreign graduates from any of the 543 medical schools recognized by the World Health Organization will be eligible for internship, residency or permanent licensing if they have: (1) At least 18 years of formal education, including four years in a 'bona fide medical school.' (2) A command of English sufficient for practice specifically, enough to take a history from an Englishspeaking patient. (3) A general knowledge of medicine compar, able to that of a U. S. graduate. This will be judged through the 'American Medical Qualification Examination' which will first be given on a U. S.-wide basis on March 25, 1958 and on a world-wide


The Auger electron spectra of thin (3–30 A) thermal films of SiO2 on Si were measured. Xenon ion sputtering was also used to provide depth profiles of these films. A feature in the Si LVV Auger spectrum previously attributed to intermediate oxidation states of silicon (SiOx) within 1–2 monolayers of the interface was observed. In addition, the presence of a ''near interface SiO2'' region where the SiO2 spectra are shifted from their thick SiO2 values has been observed. During sputter profiling of 30 A films these energies shift from positions close to their thick oxide values to values approximately 5 V higher at the interface. These shifts are observed even without sputtering: the 3 A oxide has a Si KLL peak energy 3.2 V higher than the 30 A sample, and O KLL peak energy 3.5 V higher, and Si LVV peak 2.0 V higher, after correcting for band bending in the substrate. These shifts can be attributed to a change in the relaxation energy of the oxide whose physical origin is not as yet understood.


Prandoni P, Lensing AW, Prins MH, et al . Below-knee elastic compression stockings to prevent the post-thrombotic syndrome: a randomized, controlled trial. Ann Intern Med 2004;141:249–56.

[OpenUrl][1][CrossRef][2][PubMed][3][Web of Science][4]

 Q In patients with a first episode of acute symptomatic proximal deep venous thrombosis (DVT), do below knee elastic compression stockings prevent the post-thrombotic syndrome (PTS)?

Clinical impact ratings GP/FP/Primary care★★★★★★☆ IM/Ambulatory care ★★★★★★☆ Internal medicine ★★★★★★☆ Haematology ★★★★★☆☆

### ![Graphic][5] Design:

randomised controlled trial.

### ![Graphic][6] Allocation:

{concealed*}†.

### ![Graphic][7] Blinding:

blinded {data collectors, outcome assessors, and monitoring committee}†.*

### ![Graphic][8] Follow up period:

mean 49 months (range 6–60 mo).

### ![Graphic][9] Setting:

university hospital in Padua, Italy.

### ![Graphic][10] Patients:

180 patients (mean age 62 y, 57% women) with a first episode of acute symptomatic proximal DVT (confirmed by ultrasonography) who were receiving conventional anticoagulant treatment. Exclusion criteria were recurrent ipsilateral DVT, pre-existing leg ulcers or signs of chronic venous insufficiency, bilateral thrombosis, a short life expectancy, or contraindication for use of stockings.

### ![Graphic][11] Interventions:

daily wearing of below knee, graded, elastic compression stockings …

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Hydrolysis of 6-deoxyamylose and inono-6-deoxy-6-fluoro-6-cyclodextrin by porcine pancreatic a-amylase (PPA) produces low-molecular-weight modi fied products, which have been analyzed by chemical and chromatographic techniques. Results for both substrates show that modified D-glucose and two isomers of modified maltoses are produced in the enzyme reaction. In addition, the formation of maltoses which are modified in the nonreducing residue is more favored than the formation of maltoses modified in the reducing residue. These results indicate that productive binding of 6fluoroand 6-deoxy-D-glucose residues is permitted at subsites 1 through 4 of the PPA active site but that binding of these modified residues may be less favorable at subsite 3, the subsite at which catalytic attack


Background Adverse drug reactions (ADRs), which are associated with substantial morbidity and mortality, are the 4'h -6th leading causes of death in some of the developed countries. In India, ADRs are responsible for 0.7 percent of the admissions, with 1 in 25 of the hospitalized patients experiencing an ADR out of which 1.8 percent has a fatal ADR. India, being the second most populated country with a large phannaceutical industry needs to have a well functioning pharmacovigilance system. Objective To study the patterns of adverse drug reaction (ADR) reports in the south-west zonal centre of the National Pham1acovigilance Programme and explore the perspectives of the authorities and healthcare professionals with regards to the reporting practices of Adverse Drug Reactions. Methods A descriptive study conducted at the south-west zonal pharmacovigilance centre of the national programme. All the ADRs reports of the years 2005 and 2006 were first computerized by entering into SPSS and then analyzed on the basis of the patient characteristics, sources of the reports, drug class implicated causality, body system involved and the seriousness of the ADR. To understand the perspectives of the healthcare professionals involved in pharmacovigilance as well as the national programme, an intemet based e-discussion was caiTied out with the help of an internet based discussion group. A series of specific questions related to the programme were asked and the participants were asked to respond as per their convenience, knowledge and position. The analysis was done manually; key emerging themes were identified and the interconnections between these themes that emerged were linked to develop a holistic conceptualization of perceptions Results A total of 6105 ADRs were reported in the years 2005 and 2006 to the south-west zonal centre from the various reporting centres under the programme. The ADRs were mainly reported by the physicians (75.3percent); skin was the most commonly involved system in an ADR (33.2percent) and the anti microbial drugs are most commonly associated with an ADR (40.5percent). 0.9 percent ADRs resulted in death of the patient while 24.4 percent resulted in hospitalization of the patient. Fourteen healthcare professionals participated in the e-discussion. They have varying perceptions regarding the effectiveness of programme, with the professionals within the programme perceiving that the programme is effective but the effectiveness varies at different levels and the outsiders perceiving that the programme is not effective. ·However, both are concemed about its sustainability and they have different suggestions to improve the cuJTent status of the programme. Conclusion In spite of a gradual increase in ADR reports over the years 2005 and 2006, there is gross underreporting of ADRs in the national pharmacovigilance programme, the magnitude of which varies across regions. The patterns of the reported ADRs vary with the characteristics of the individuals as well as the characteristics of the drugs and the body systems involved. The need for the proper functioning and sustainability of the programme is recognized by the healthcare professionals. List of Abbreviations ADR AE AIIMS BJMC BCPNN CDS CO CIOMS CME CNS cvs DPT HBV IGMC IVRS KEM MEAR NPVP NSAID OPV OTC SPSS TB TT UMC WHO SEARO Adverse Drug Reaction Adverse Event All India Institute of Medical Sciences Behramji Jijibhoy Medical College Bayesian Confidence Propagation Neural Network Central Drug Standard Control Organization Council for International Organizations of Medical Sciences Continuing Medical Education Central Nervous System Cardio Vascular System Diphtheria Pertussis Tetanus Hepatitis B Vaccim~ Indira Gandhi Medical College Interactive Voice Recording system King Edward Memorial Minimum Estimated ADR Reports National Pharmacovigilance Programme Non Steroidal Anti Inflammatory Drug Oral Polio Vaccine Over The Counter Statistical Package for Social Science Tuberculosis Tetanus Toxoid · Uppsala Monitoring Centre World Health Organization South-East Asian Regional Office Declaration Certificate Acknowledgements Abstract TABLE OF CONTENTS List of Abbreviations


BACKGROUND
Anaphylactic reactions after consumption of snails by patients sensitized to house-dust mites have been reported several times.

CASE REPORT
Two 8- and 10-year old children sensitized to house-dust mites developed Quincke's oedema after eating snails. Immunoallergologic investigations including pricks-test, labial test, IgE Rast confirmed associated allergy between snails and house dust mites.

CONCLUSION
Considering the potential severity of anaphylactic reactions, it is necessary to warn children allergic to house dust mites and their parents about the high risk of associated allergy with snails.


This article traces the development of Hugo Schuchardt's interest in the linguistic diversity and complex interactions in the Malay world. Schuchardt is widely acknowledged today as the founder of creole studies. He had an avid interest in Malay, especially vernacular varieties and Malay-based lingua francas, within the framework of his famed creole studies. In the Malay world, Schuchardt found a mirror image of the emergence of the Romance languages. This article draws on Schuchardt's correspondence, writings and extensive source collections to portray the development of his ideas about the linguistic situation in the Malay world and to trace the influence of his Malayan studies on his theoretical thinking and linguistic enquiries concerning other regions of the world. The continuing appeal of Schuchardt's writings is the surprising ease and irreverence with which he transcended disciplinary boundaries which had seemingly been set in stone; boundaries delimitating increasingly – in Schuchardt's lifetime – orientalist scholarship from the study of Indo-European languages and the then paradigmatic Indo-Germanic philology.


This paper examines the effects of international operation of Chinese listed companies on stock price synchronicity and the influence of institutional investor on the relationship between international operation and stock price synchronicity,using data from Chinese stock market and annual reports of the listed companies.The paper finds that companies which operate internationally have higher stock price synchronicity compared with companies without international operation.Further analyses show that there is a significant negative correlation between the level of international operation and stock price synchronicity and that this negative correlation increases with the ratio of current shares held by institutional investors.The empirical results also show that some factors such as the amount of information disclosed by listed companies,the cost of information to investors,the extent of rationality of investors and investors′ structure,may impact the investors′ ability to recognize and distinguish information and noise,which may even have further impact on stock price synchronicity.


Background: Cancer is the second leading cause of death globally and is estimated to account for 9.6 million deaths in 2018. Due to the lack of cancer awareness, variable pathology, and dearth of proper screening facilities in developing countries such as India, most women report at advanced stages, adversely affecting the prognosis and clinical outcomes. The aim of the study was to study the sociodemographic profile, clinical profile, pattern of gynaecology malignancies and their histopathological findings of all gynaecological malignancy patients attending gynaecological OPD.Methods: A prospective observational study was conducted in the Department of OBG, KNH Shimla from June 2019 to May 2020 where 241 gynaecological malignancy patients were recruited. Detailed history, general physical examination, systemic, gynaecological examination and required investigation was done and the data was analysed.Results: The most commonly occurring gynaecological malignancy was cervical cancer. 82.2% of the patients belonged to the age group 40-69 years. Majority of the patients were multiparous, belonged to rural background, belonged to Hindu community. 69.3% were menopausal. Among the 132 women who gave history of age at first coitus as less than 18 years, 60.6% of them had cervical cancer. Most common presenting complaints was post-menopausal bleeding. In cervical cancer 43.6% of patients diagnosed at stage III and were managed by radiation therapy.Conclusions: According to this study, cervical cancer is the most common gynaecological malignancy followed by ovarian cancer. Most of these patients seeked medical attention in advanced stage.


Along with the arrival of the knowledge-based economy age, people pay more attention to the promoting of the economic level which brought by the actual application of the science and technique. How to handle, control and manage the ability of science and technology is the key of raising the competition ability and adapting to the development of the economy. This is a process of the management of both the technique economic and the intellectual property. So, it is instructive to study the relativity of the technique economics and intellectual property, foster the professional person with the ability to manage both the technique economy and the intellectual property, promote the combination of the technique and economy, and construct a creative nation.


This paper studies the informational content of takeover bids in correlated environments and provides an explanation for the empirical result that industry rivals of takeover targets exhibit positive share-price reactions on the announcement of a bid. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.


A new double-sided laser heating system optimized for monochromatic X-ray diffraction at high pressure and high temperature has been developed at beamline ID27 of the European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF). The main components of this system including optimized focusing optics to produce a large and homogenous heated area, optimized mirror optics for temperature measurements and a state-of-the-art diffraction setup are described in details. Preliminary data collected at high pressure and high temperature on tungsten and iron are presented.


Improving the operational efficiency of an Emergency Department (ED) is a complex task due the very large number of ED configurations that involve human and physical resources and due to the unpredictable nature of the ED's workload. Thus, managing the performance of EDs becomes difficult and expensive when carried out by human beings alone. A new approach, called self-managed EDs, consists of building into the ED the mechanisms required to self-adjust the ED's configuration parameters so that its Quality of Service (QoS) is constantly met. This paper presents the design of an autonomic controller for a self-managed Emergency Department and evaluates its effectiveness in maximizing a utility function of the ED subject to cost-constraints. The controller uses a combination of combinatorial search techniques with simulation models. Experimental results illustrate the operation of the controller and how it reacts to variations of patient interarrival times.


INTRODUCTIONIndo-Canadian youths say they are living two lives: one in Canadian secular society, the other in their Indian ethnic community. They experience two family systems, particularly different in the ways marriages are decided. On the one hand, there is the "love-marriage" taken for granted by their Western peers and, on the other, the "arranged marriage" experienced and advocated by their parents. This study asks how Indo-Canadian young people negotiate between the two possibilities, and how their discussions and decisions bring about cultural change.In 2001, the Canadian population of South Asian origin surpassed 900,000, representing 3 % of the nation and 23% of Canada's visible minorities (Statistics Canada, 2001). Although the first immigrants from India arrived at the start of the twentieth century, only in the 1970s were they admitted to Canada in large numbers (Basran, 1993; Buchignani, Indra, & Srivastava, 1985; Kurian, 1991). In the 1990s, the children of these immigrants began to reach marriageable age. This generation was thus the first to face the love-vs.-arranged marriage dilemma; their solutions may well become the model for younger Indo-Canadians to follow.A widely accepted sociological theory uses a modernization-assimilation model to explain changes in Indian families living in North America. As a traditional agrarian society, India is said to emphasize communal values, which are reflected in its family system. People live in multigenerational households, where parents guide each child into a religious tradition, a hereditary occupation, and an arranged marriage. A person weds whoever is best for the family, and for the larger groups in which the family is embedded. Romantic passion love must be discouraged, for it would disrupt smooth social functioning. Instead, love between spouses should develop slowly and steadily after marriage, in a family context of shared responsibility and experience (Dion, K. K. & Dion, K. L., 1993,1996,2001).When an economy industrializes, old values are said to weaken, giving way to individualism as the dominant ideology. Families gradually lose control over their children's work, place of residence, values, and marriage choice. Youths instead mobilize their unique abilities and competitive skills to find their own jobs, develop their own beliefs, and attract their own partners (Inkeles & Smith, 1974; Nolan & Lenski, 1999).According to assimilation theory, this change occurs very rapidly to immigrants who move from agrarian societies to industrialized North America (Driedger, 1989). Adults may hold onto old beliefs, but children quickly adapt to the standards of their new surroundings. As adolescents they expect to join the North American dating scene and eventually marry the person they love. Although the inevitable intergenerational conflict is painful for both sides, the theory predicts that modern values of romantic love and individualism will prevail (Kakar, 1998; Pais, 1997; Segal, 1998).Many studies of Indian immigrant families in North America have documented serious intergenerational conflicts over dating and marital decisions, with the second generation demanding more gender equality and personal choice (Aycan & Kanungo, 1998; Basran, 1993; Das Gupta, T., 1994; Dasgupta, 1998; Dhruvarajan, 1993; Kurian & Ghosh, 1983; Naidoo & Davis, 1988; Pettys & Balgopal, 1998; Segal, 1991,1998; Talbani & Hasanali, 2000; Vaidyanathan & Naidoo, 1991; Wakil et al., 1981; Zaidi & Shuraydi, 2002). However, recent work indicates that the result of these struggles are not exactly as assimilation theory predicts.Three lines of sociological thought suggest processes which can work against assimilation. The first claims that in many ways, families in contemporary India are becoming more, not less, traditional, if "tradition" is defined as endogamous and patriarchal. Indian religion directs fathers to govern their families with wisdom, care, and nonviolence (Segal, 1998), but in India today many forces are straining these values. …


Character Building Education in this era has become concerning by so many institutions of education. Institution of education is not only preparing the student to have knowledge or become smart, cleaver, but also preparing them to become good person. Of course, there are so many definitions about good person. But in this paper, author means  that the good person is they who are not only having soft skill like communication skills, leadership skills, team work skills, initiative & enterprise skills, organization skills, problem solving and ethical decisions making skills. All these skills are very important for every people on this era. It is difficult to think about people will gain a success without mastering these skill. According to author, all the skills above, although important, they are not enough. All the skills must be built on certain values.  I n this context both hard skills and soft skills should be based on certain values. As an institution of education, Binus University has certain values. They consist of trust in God, farsighted, freedom to innovate, embrace diversity and tenacious focus. The attitude and behavior of all binusian has to reveal these values. Character Building learning on this point is not only coaching the student in mastering the soft skill above, but also to internalize the values of Binus. So, Values of Binus will inspire all binusian. This paper explains the position of character building learning as a goal setting to internalize the values of binus. To describe the position of character building learning, author uses the concept social action of Talcott Parson.


Background: Personality psychology is an important branch of psychology. It is the only discipline in the contemporary psychology system to explore the complex organization of people's cognitive needs, emotional will and behavior as a whole. It is also the only discipline in the contemporary psychology system to systematically explore human nature. It explores, describes and interprets the unique patterns of individual thoughts, emotions and behaviors


Atomic force microscopy (AFM) was used to analyze DNA bending induced by integration host factor (IHF). The direct AFM visualization of IHF-DNA complexes on the OP1 promoter regulatory regions on the Pseudomonas TOL plasmid showed that there was no intrinsic DNA bend in the OP1 promoter region, but a sharp DNA bend was induced by binding of IHF to the region between the upstream regulatory sequence and the promoter sequence. The DNA bending angles were distributed with a mean bend angle of 123 degrees. The IHF-DNA complexes were shown to bend at the IHF binding site giving rise to an asymmetric structure. These results provide direct evidence that IHF is required functionally for activation of OP1 transcription and support the DNA-loop model that the sharp DNA bend induced by binding of IHF facilitates the contact between RNA polymerase bound by the promoter sequence and XylR protein attached to the upstream sequence in the OP1 promoter.