The studies were carried out in order to identify the effectiveness of various doses of mineral fertilizers, boron-containing microfertilizers and a biostimulator in the technology of sunflower cultivation. The work was carried out in Ulyanovsk region on leached heavy loamy chernozem in 2020-2021. Years of research were favorable in terms of heat and moisture supply. The scheme of the experiment included the study of the effect of 4 backgrounds of mineral fertilizer - factor A (A1 – N0, control; A2 – N30 for pre-sowing cultivation; A3 - N30P30K30 for sowing; A4 – N30 for cultivation + N30P30K30 for sowing) and 4 variants of foliar top dressing for vegetation - factor B (B1 - without treatment; B2 - Ultramag bor, 1 l/ha; B3 - Biostim universal, 2 l/ha; B4 - Ultramag bor, 1 l/ha + Biostim universal, 2 l/ha). The studies were carried out on the mid-season sunflower hybrid Natali. The highest yield (3.01 t/ha) was formed with the joint application of Biostim universal and Ultramag bor (2 + 1 l/ha) against the background of the application of 30 kg a.i./ha of nitrogen (increase to control 0.56 t/ha). The highest content of crude protein was noted against the background of the starting dose of fertilizers N30P30K30 with additional nitrogen nutrition N30 (11.4 ... 13.4%, which is 0.9 ... 2.9% more than the control). In terms of the collection of crude protein, the advantage was with the options with the use of N30P30K30 before sowing and N30 for cultivation in combination with Ultramag boron and Biostim universal (327 and 373 kg/ha, respectively, which is more than the control by 70 and 116 kg/ha). High oil yield was noted against the background of pre-sowing application of nitrogen fertilizers at a dose of 30 kg/ha of a.i. (1326...1493 kg/ha), as well as the use of a starting dose of N30P30K30 without additional nitrogen (1221...1373/ha). The cultivation of sunflower with the use of mineral fertilizers in combination with boron and biostimulant showed high economic efficiency.


The paper simply analyzes the defects of contemporary approach of technical and economical evaluation,and puts forward a method of evaluating alternatives.The method may make up for the defects of contemporary approach,and considers the thought of technical economy.The instance indicates that the method is valid.


A differential motion equation was developed for a single particle moving in a turbo air classifier. Analysis for the motion equation gave a group parameter τ=ρd 2/(18μ)of time dimension to characterize the radial behaviors of particles in the turbo air classifier.The expressions for the width of separation area and the cut size of particles were also derived from the motion equation.Comparative experiments show that effective separation takes place in the rim of the classifying rotator,conforming with the predicated result of theoretical analysis.


Purpose: We report a case of herpes simplex keratitis after Descemet membrane endothelial keratoplasty (DMEK). Case summary: A 67-year-old male underwent DMEK in his left eye due to pseudophakic bullous keratopathy. One week after DMEK, re-bubbling was performed due to partial detachment of Descemet's membrane at the corneal periphery. After re-bubbling, the cornea remained clear and the patient's visual acuity gradually improved. Two months after DMEK, the patient presented with mild discomfort and decreased visual acuity. The cornea showed an irregular, narrow dendrite with an epithelial defect and surrounding opacity. After confirming that Descemet's membrane was attached, the patient was started on oral valacyclovir for suspected herpes keratitis. Herpes simplex virus type 1 was eventually identified by polymerase chain reaction. The corneal lesion resolved after three weeks of antiviral treatment. Conclusions: Similar to penetrating keratoplasty, DMEK can trigger outbreaks of herpes simplex keratitis. Herpes simplex keratitis should remain on the clinician's differential diagnosis for patients who present with a corneal epithelial irregularity and decreased visual acuity following DMEK. J Korean Ophthalmol Soc 2019;60(1):75-79


Introduction: Adenosine monophosphate- activated protein kinase (AMPK) is an important intracellular sensor, which has an important role in energy metabolism and cell survival. Also, it is important for processes that lead to apoptosis (programmed cell death 1) and autophagy (programmed cell death 2). The role of pharmacological inhibition of AMPK activity in cell survival has not been investigated so far. The Aim: The aim of this study was to examine whether the inhibition of AMPK activity can influence autophagy and apoptosis in C6 rat glioma cells. Compound C and metformin were used to inhibit or stimulate AMPK activity, respectively. Material and methods: Cell viability was determined by crystal violet staining and MTT assay for mitochondrial activity. Apoptosis was analyzed by flow cytometric detection of phosphatidyl- serine exposure in annexin V-stained cells. The presence of acidified autophagic vesicles was analyzed by flow cytometry in acridine orange- stained cells. Results: Results showed that treatment with compound C leads to the statistically significant dose-dependent decrease of cell viability. The levels of apoptosis and autophagy were also significantly increased following treatment with compound C. The addition of metformin markedly reduced both compound C-induced apoptosis and autophagy. Conclusion: Our results showed that treatment with compound C leads to induction of apoptosis and autophagy in glioma cells. These results indicate potential usefulness of pharmacological AMPK inhibitors in treatment of malignant tumors.


The use of microarrays and next-generation sequencing (NGS) has made significant contributions to the understanding of cancer development. These technologies have been used to profile gene expression patterns in cancer cells, identify genomic regulatory elements bound by cancer-relevant transcription factors, and determine the genetic and epigenetic landscape of cancer cells. Importantly, scientists and clinicians have begun to apply these findings to develop personalized medicine by which an individual's cancer genomic information is used to guide the selection of cancer therapy. In this article, we will review the impact that genomics technologies have had on the cancer field.


PC12 cells have previously been shown to cease cell division during nerve growth‐factor (NGF)‐induced differentiation by affecting specific cell cycle proteins. Staurosporine, a protein kinase inhibitor, also causes PC12 cell differentiation, independently of neurotrophins or plasma membrane receptors. We have investigated the relationship of the tumor suppressor protein, p53, and other cell cycle proteins to the antiproliferative effects of NGF and staurosporine in PC12 cells. NGF treatment of PC12 cells stimulated an increase of p53 protein in the nucleus and, more slowly, an increase in total cellular p53 protein. Levels of the cyclin‐kinase inhibitor p21/WAF1, cyclin D1, and cyclin G, all downstream transcriptional targets of p53, increased after short times of NGF treatment. Cessation of replication and differentiation occurred more rapidly in defined medium (2 days) than in serum medium (6 days), in correspondence with the more rapid changes in both p53 and p21/WAF1 levels in defined medium (1 hour) than in serum (1 day). Levels of p34cdc2 and p33cdk2 kinase dropped after 6 to 10 days treatment with NGF in serum, close to the time of terminal differentiation.


This work addresses the need for developing an anthropometric database of the Colombian military personnel, as a part of the ongoing project "Composite materials for ballistic protections systems", funded by the Military Industry of Colombia (INDUMIL). In this paper are presented the results obtained in the first stage of the database construction, in compliance with international standards ISO 15535 and ISO 8559. In this phase, a total of 99 subjects were scanned using a [TC] 2 NX-16 Full Body Scanner. The 3D body models obtained allowed the extraction of 44 anthropometric parameters, which were processed and reported using descriptive statistics. A quality control procedure was implemented to identify outlying values corresponding to defective body models. A validation procedure is proposed based on the assumption that body dimensions are distributed normally. All but one of the data sets were found to follow the standard Gaussian Distribution at the 95% confidence level, which is a good indicator of the consistency of data extraction and processing among all subjects. A statistical description of the colombian military population has never been reported in the literature, therefore the military industry is lacking of very important information for addressing the needs of fit, comfort and coverage that protective equipment must deliver to military personnel. This work is intended to be the first of its kind for colombian population, and it will be a very powerful tool for designers and military garment developers, which will use reliable data about the anthropometric dimensions of their target population.


This paper describes a finite element analysis of elastic bodies with many contact surfaces and the applications of this method to the stress analysis of threaded connections. It is shown that the stress distribution in the threaded connections with dimensional modifications such as differential pitch and flank angle is analyzed by this method as easily and accurately as in the normal threaded connections. The stress distributions in the double nuts connection and flange coupling clamped with bolt and nut which have not been clarified previously are analyzed by this method. The results obtained confirm the utility of this method in engineering science and practice.


The distributed source inverse problem for Magnetoencephalography (MEG) requires regularisation in order to calculate a stable and accurate solution. Recently there has been interest in source reconstruction via the l1 penalised least squares problem. Although this gives some sparseness the ideal measure for sparsity is the l0 norm. Here we develop a cyclic descent algorithm to solve the grouped-variable l0 penalised least squares problem for an underdetermined linear system. We demonstrate the utility of this method on real MEG data and show an increase in sparsity achieved using the l0 instead of the l1 penalty.


Abstract 17 Esters of ferulic acid and p-coum ric acid were isolated from the stem extract of Bauhinia manca ; the alcohol components range from C22H45 to C28H57.


The purpose of this study is to adapt, normalize and to determine reliability and validity of W1SC-. At adaptation stage, 835 students were selected through a systematic random sampling from 30 schools, after completion the test, suitable items were chosen according to  Iranian culture. Then. at normalizing stage, 2456 boys and girls were selected through a  systematic random sampling from 72 educational departments. The results showed thai the reliability coefficients is higher than 0.95 and the validity is high the WJSC-111 has sufficient and satisfied reliability and validity in Iranian students. Key Words: reuability, validity, and wisc


The present invention discloses an automatic test system of personal digital assistant handset function and its method. Said automatic test system includes personal digital assistant handset and PC machine, also includes server module positioned on the top end of personal digital assistant handset, graphic display control module operated on the PC machine and communication interface. Said server module and graphic display control module can utilize communication interface to implement connection and communication between them. Said server module also includes first communication submodule and calling interface, the graphic display control module also includes second communication submodule, scenario analysis submodule, test control submodule and result analysis submodule.


Let G = (V,E) be a graph. In this paper, we define a new graph parameter called color class domination number of G. A color class dominating set of G is a proper coloring C of G with the extra property that every color class in C is dominated by a vertex in G. A color class dominating set is said to be a minimal color class dominating set if no proper subset of C is a color class dominating set of G. The color class domination number of G is the minimum cardinality taken over all minimal color class dominating sets of G and is denoted by γχ(G). Here we also obtain γχ(G) for Path graph, Cycle graph, Helm graph, Flower graph, Sunflower graph, Gear graph and Sunlet graph.


PURPOSE: A device for injecting steam for a cleaner is provided to meet the convenience of users by detachably coupling the device with a cleaner handle. CONSTITUTION: A device for injecting steam for a cleaner is composed of a body(30) having a space part(31) for storing water, a steam generating unit installed at the space part and generating steam, a steam injection nozzle(33) installed at one end of the body and injecting the steam, and a coupling unit(35). The coupling unit is detachably coupled with a handle(20), and has a power terminal(36) for connecting a power supply terminal(23) to the steam generating unit.


Clinical trials in oncology often involve the statistical analysis of time-to-event data such as progression-free survival or overall survival to determine the benefit of a treatment or therapy. The log-rank test is commonly used to compare time-to-event data from two groups. The log-rank test is especially powerful when the two groups have proportional hazards. However, survival curves encountered in oncology studies that differ from one another do not always differ by having proportional hazards; in such instances, the log-rank test loses power, and the survival curves are said to have "non-proportional hazards". This non-proportional hazards situation occurs for immunotherapies in oncology; immunotherapies often have a delayed treatment effect when compared to chemotherapy or radiation therapy. To correctly identify and deliver efficacious treatments to patients, it is important in oncology studies to have available a statistical test that can detect the difference in survival curves even in a non-proportional hazards situation such as one caused by delayed treatment effect. An attempt to address this need was the "max-combo" test, which was originally described only for a single analysis timepoint; this article generalizes that test to preserve type I error when there are one or more interim analyses, enabling efficacious treatments to be identified and made available to patients more rapidly.


S OME of the brains and heads of small animals received at the Veterinary Research Station during the past two summers, in connection with the sealrch for carriers of equine encephalomyelitis virus,'l 2 were sufficient-ly decomposed to cause the death of guinea pigs inoculated with them. This even occurred with some specimens that had been iced. This is not surpris-ing as many bacteria develop quite readily at refrigerator temperatures, which certainly are not maintained with many iced specimens shipped during hot weather. In view of this it was decided to try the effect of preserva-tives for shipping such material. Buffered glycerin solution, as employed for these specimens, has very little retarding effect on bacterial growth. The virus of equine encephalomyelitis is quite resistant to phenol. Howitt3 found it necessary to use a 3% concentration to destroy the virus in 2 hours. She also found that in a mixture of 1 part of brain suspension and 4 parts of 1% phenol the virus was still viable 5 weeks later. This would be 0.8% phenol. We have observed similar results, so it was decided to try the effect of 1% phenol on the brains of experimental animals, details of which are given in the following experiments.


Abstract The warm neutral medium, warm ionized medium, and cool neutral medium all show strong evidence for turbulence as a process dominating their structure and motions on a wide range of scales. The spatial power spectra of density fluctuations in all three phases are consistent with a Kolmogorov slope. Turbulence in the magnetic field in the diffuse medium can also be measured through the structure function of the Faraday rotation measure. With new surveys, new analysis techniques, and new telescopes, in the next few years it will be possible to measure the structure function of the magnetic field over a similarly wide range of scales. This will give a complete picture of the turbulence as a magneto-acoustic process.


There are presented here a concept and the results of testing of a method of textures recognition based on calculation of serial statistics reached from sequences of pixel values drawn from histological images. Serial statistics make possible a discrimination between pairs of samples drawn from different statistical ensembles when their probability distributions are a priori unknown. The concept of such statistical tests has been here adopted to the specific requirements of random fields describing the textures. An influence of the method of image scanning on the effectiveness of textures discrimination has been investigated. The problem of texture elements collection into segments covered by homogenous texture is also considered. Some natural constraints of statistical textures discrimination as a consequence of a "principle of uncertainty" has been indicated. The consideration have been illustrated by numerical examples.


Abstract The effect of various ingredients – nanoclay (NC), azodicarbonamaide (ADCA), paraloeid K-400 and calcium stearate (Ca.St) – on thermal behavior of melt blended poly (vinyl chloride)/NC nanocomposites was investigated. Combinations of two artificial intelligence algorithms were performed for modeling of the systems. The formulation ingredients affect the thermal features of the compounds. Upon increasing the effect of various ingredients, i.e. NC, ADCA, K-400 and Ca.St, an increase in ash content was observed, hence, the thermal stability increased. The effect of ingredients on initial degradation temperature (T5%) and half degradation temperature (T50%) was not obvious. The artificial neural network (model) and the clonal selection algorithm (optimizer) were performed for proper modeling of the systems. These models were used to determine the role of T5%, T50% and char based on the contents of ingredients. The result successfully modeled the process parameters.


A271 EXPERIMENTAL CHARACTERIZATION OF COHERENT, RADIALLY-SHEARED ZONAL FLOWS IN THE DIII-D TOKAMAK. Application of time-delay-estimation techniques to two-dimensional measurements of density fluctuations, obtained with beam emission spectroscopy in DIII-D plasmas, has provided temporally and spatially resolved measurements of the turbulence flow-field. Features that are characteristic of self-generated zonal flows are observed in the radial region near 0.85 {<=} r/a {<=} 1.0. These features include a coherent oscillation (approximately 15 kHz) in the poloidal flow of density fluctuations that has a long poloidal wavelength, possibly m = 0, narrow radial extent (k{sub r}{rho}{sub I} < 0.2), and whose frequency varies monotonically with the local temperature. The approximate effective shearing rate, dv{sub {theta}}/dr, of the flow is of the same order of magnitude as the measured nonlinear decorrelation rate of the turbulence, and the density fluctuation amplitude is modulated at the frequency of the observed flow oscillation. Some phase coherence is observed between the higher wavenumber density fluctuations and low frequency poloidal flow fluctuations, suggesting a Reynolds stress contribution. These characteristics are consistent with predicted features of zonal flows, specifically identified as geodesic acoustic modes, observed in 3-D Braginskii simulations of core/edge turbulence.


Creative Commons is a non-profit that offers an alternative to full copyright to help authors to share and build upon creative works. The book analyses the first questions raised by the introduction of Creative Commons licenses in different legal systems and constitutes an observatory of the accounting of " cultural diversity " through Internet actors self-regulation. Different themes are discussed, such as the adaptation to national specificities and legal systems, Creative Commons licenses on the creation process, the relation of this instrument with traditional copyright management, the originality of using metadata in rights expressions for information retrieval. These contributions gather testimonies and analysis of project leads in charge of the licenses translation, dissemination and implementation in their national legal systems. These lawyers, law professors, students and Information Technology researchers are enthusiastic with the possibility of sharing and mixing creative works in a context of open access to information and culture for all.


Reproduction and growth intersect during lactation. Lactation is the period when the initial productivity of the calf is expressed and much of the potential production efficiency is set. Examples of recent advances in our understanding of productivity systems in deer farming are summarised. Experimentation in lactation has highlighted new information that can improve on-farm production. Recent research has given an understanding of the lactational outputs of the hind rearing either a red or F1 wapiti crossbred calf. Further experimentation has examined the role of protein and energy in determining calf growth. Other research has quantified both hind and calf intake and live weight change during late lactation. The impacts of these developments are discussed.


Modernism, which appeared as a result of industrialization, has since then developed further, resulting in a postmodern society, characterized by a significant change in values. This shift in values is particularly evident in the quality of education, and man's subsequent relation towards work as a result. Schools have become social institutions in which learners spend their time in the role of served clients. The teacher is therefore assigned the social role of the servant, in which he is to primarily satisfy the pupil in his personal needs. This kind of relationship stems from the phenomenon of narcissism, which is already a cultural phenomenon. Studies of cultural narcissism are presented here, sampling relevant research of American provenience (with special focus on the USA). These studies suggest that cultural narcissism may become a global phenomenon in the future.
Keywords: cultural narcissism, contemporary individualism, narcissistic pathology, learning difficulties, pedagogical research.


With ultra-large scale integration progress and circuit dimensions reduction, new challenges have been raised. One of the major challenges is efficient copper metallization of the narrow geometries. In this context, the copper seed layer used to initiate the bulk copper electrochemical deposition (ECD) plays a key role. For future generations, physical vapor deposition (PVD) techniques that are currently used will probably reach a limit, as they are not able to perfectly cover the sidewalls of the features. The resulting discontinuous seed layers can cause defects like voids in the copper lines and contact holes. In this article, we evaluate an electrodeposition process called ECD seed, designed to repair such discontinuous copper layers. In this process, copper is grown from an alkaline and copper complexing electrolyte. Electrochemical characteristics of this system, copper properties and step coverage capabilities are explored. A first interesting result is that this electrolyte limits copper consumption, preserving the thinnest regions of the seed layer. The deposits are continuous and very conformal, but rougher than PVD seed layers. Improvement of feature filling when introducing the ECD seed process in the metallization process flow is demonstrated, with elimination of the bottom voids present in narrow vias when performing ECD Seed repair directly on PVD seed layers.


An interpretation of the modulating Blazhko effect in RR Lyrae stars is presented here, in which turbulent convection inside the hydrogen and helium ionization zones becomes cyclically weakened and strengthened owing to the presence of a transient magnetic field that is generated in situ by either a turbulent or a rotational dynamo mechanism. Successful predictions, both qualitative and quantitative, are made for the small changes of the primary pulsation period, the fluctuations of light and velocity amplitudes, the slow periodicity and irregularity of the Blazhko cycles, the restricted ranges of effective temperature for the RRab and RRc Blazhko variables, and the complex correlations between the primary period change, amplitude change, and mean effective temperature. Characteristic features of the predicted light and velocity curves at high and low amplitudes, even though they are based on radiative stellar models, agree well with the observed features, for the most part. The present theory of the Blazhko effect is simple enough that it does not require any basic change in our current understanding of RRab and RRc stars as being purely fundamental-mode and first-overtone radial pulsators. It also accounts naturally for the observed fact that hotter and cooler classes of periodic variable stars do not exhibit the Blazhko effect.


Abstract This paper deals with the factors affecting the maintenance of the shared areas of low‐income condominiums. The study is based on a sample of 373 households in four neighbourhoods which had been rehabilitated as part of Israel's Project Renewal. 73% of the variance in observed maintenance quality couldbe explained in a multiple regression analysis by four factors: participation in the renewal process, household characteristics, physical features of the buildings and socioeconomic status.


In this work an investigation was made of the effects from adding PSSNa, obtained from disposable polystyrene (PS) cups, as admixture agent in mortars and concrete with varying ratios from 0.25 to 1.00%. The evaluation of PSSNa as additive was based on results of fluidity and mechanical strength to compression. In mortars with water/cement ratio of 0.48, an increase in flow was observed when the dosage of PSSNa varied from 0.25 to 1.00%. The dispersion of mortar components was improved due to the adsorption of PSSNa on cement particles, which increased the mechanical strength of mortars. Similar results were obtained with the application of PSSNa to concrete. The slump of the concrete taken as reference was 50 mm, while for the concrete with PSSNa it reached about 200 mm. Because of its plasticization of concrete, PSSNa can be used as additive to reduce the amount of water required. For instance, a concrete with the same slump of the reference concrete was produced using PSSNa and a reduction of 20.8% in the volume of water. The increase in mechanical strength was 21.5 and 26.3%, respectively, at 7 and 28 days of curing. These results showed that PSSNa solutions can act as superplasticizer or as admixture to reduce the amount water in mortars and concretes.


Nearly two decades since the detection of cyclopropenone (c-C3H2O) in the interstellar medium (ISM), the understanding of how this molecule comes to be remains incomplete. Many hypotheses place the ubiquitous hydrocarbon c-C3H2 at the center of such discussions. However, insights into c-C3H2 chemistry are further complicated by the recent detection of ethynyl cyclopropenylidene (c-C3HC2H) and the observation of a radio line possibly belonging to methylenecyclopropene (c-C3H2CH2). In a necessary reconciliation of past and current work on the chemical capabilities of c-C3H2 in interstellar environments, the formation pathways of several functionalized cyclopropenes from c-C3H2 and a hydrogenated radical are explored. Chemically accurate CCSD(T)-F12/cc-pVTZ-F12 calculations are used to evaluate the energies of reaction and generate structures along the reaction pathway for formation products deemed chemically plausible. Potential energy scans are used to include or rule out certain paths to product formation based on conformation to the necessary requirements of cold interstellar chemistry. Four functionalized cyclopropenes in addition to c-C3H2O have net exothermic reactions when forming from c-C3H2 (c-C3H2CC, c-C3H2S, c-C3H2NH, c-C3H2CH2). The former three are found to have reaction profiles favorable for formation in the cold ISM, while c-C3H2CH2 can only form by passage through an association barrier that must be mitigated by an energy source of some kind. c-C3H2S and c-C3H2NH are the best candidates for new spectroscopic searches. A complete detection of c-C3H2CH2 is necessary to fully understand cyclopropenylidene chemistry in the ISM.


For the terahertz synthetic aperture near-field imaging problem, this paper proposes a SAR imaging method based on sparse reconstruction, which solves the problems of slow scanning speed, a large amount of data, and complicated calculations in the terahertz synthetic aperture imaging process. The targets in space are sparsely sampled and reconstructed using a compressed sensing reconstruction method. Simulation results show that high-quality target reconstruction can be achieved at low sampling conditions.


IN TRANSITIONAL CELL CARCINOMA OF THE BLADDER: A CLINICAL STUDY The mutator phenotype and genomic instability are key steps in the origin of many human cancers. In hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal carcinoma, defects in the DNA mismatch repair proteins are associated with microsatellite instability. In this issue, Catto and colleagues (pages 484 – 490) examine the expression levels of two DNA mismatch repair proteins and the presence of microsatellite instability in 111 cases of transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder (TCC). They report that a significant proportion of TCCs exhibit reduced expression of hMLH1 or hMSH2, two DNA mismatch repair proteins. This occurred in younger patients and was related to both tumor stage and grade. The least differentiated and most invasive tumors were more likely to exhibit reduced DNA mismatch repair protein expression. Unexpectedly, reduced expression of either protein appeared to predict subsequent outcome, with fewer recurrences and relapses in all tumors and in superficial tumors; however, 5-year survival rates did not reach statistical significance with respect to protein expression. Microsatellite instability was observed in less than 10% of all tumors but, unexpectedly, was not correlated with the loss of DNA mismatch repair proteins. These observations suggest that mismatch repair proteins expression levels could serve as prognostic indicators for TCC.


Wang Tao's "One Principle for the World" is the heritage and development of Dao Qi Theory,Gong Yang San Shi Theory and Da tong (universality) Theory.The connotation of the principle is Wang Tao's philosophical view of culture,reflections of Chinese Western cultures and his ideas concerning the development of Chinese Western cultures.Wang Tao over stressed the authority of Confucianism,so his further thoughts of reform were hindered.


Here an economist examines an important political problem, the viability of democracy in late-industrializing nations. Works of this order make stimulating reading but the present volume is somewhat disappointing. Instead of considering the broad problem of democracy, de Schweinitz focuses heavily on the likelihood of the emergence of autonomous trade unions free of state interference. His thesis-that industrialization leads to democratic political institutions-the author sustains, on the whole, for the early industrializers (Great Britain, for example). He is weakest, in the opinion of this reviewer, when dealing with currently developing countries. There the book concentrates too narrowly on labor problems when a broader scope would be more appropriate. For students of labor in industrializing countries, Chapter IV "Industrialization, Labor Controls, and Democracy" (which appeared earlier in Economic Development and Cultural Change, July 1959), will have especial interest. Here, de Schweinitz considers the strains on distribution of material resources at a time when few concessions can be made to consumption demands. The author systematically specifies the conditions producing discontent, in particular the factors operative in late industrialization. Not only does population increase more rapidly than output but the economic advantages of advanced technology fade due to inadequate labor skills and shortages of the capital so necessary to maintain that technology. Worse, the "demonstration effect" produces expectations which cannot be fulfilled. De Schweinitz also concludes that discontent is likely to be more serious where it is exacerbated by the relative inability of individuals to engage in entrepreneurial activities or to migrate. The author thus disagrees with the thesis of Industrialism and Industrial Man that protest declines with later industrialization. However, he agrees with Kerr, et al., that the protest will be less significant because governments "today are not so willing to stand aside and allow individuals to articulate their discontents... for [this] is likely to jeopardize the success of the growth process itself" (p. 71). The author thus takes an intermediate position between those who contend that protest declines and becomes more manageable with late industrialization and those contending that protest increases and becomes even more difficult to control. The arguments of both de Schweinitz and Kerr, et al., may have a serious omission. By concentrating too heavily upon labor protest, they fail to show that many other strata or groups also suffer real or imaginary deprivation as development takes place. At the same time, late industrialization usually occurs against a background of anticolonialism and nationalism, sentiments that question existing institutional arrangements. Broadly based dissatisfaction plus breakdown in existing systems of authority lead almost invariably to political instability. The "management of protest" becomes, therefore, far more complicated than either de Schweinitz or Kerr, et al., believe, for there are not only many contending "managers of protest" but no institutional framework for its management. The weaknesses of handling democracy in late industrializers in terms of the development of an autonomous labor movement become most evident in the penultimate chapter, which concentrates mainly on the deterrents and handicaps peculiar to late industrializing nations. Natural handicaps include both the heterogeneity of the late industrializers (in contrast to the relative homogeneity of the early industrializers) and geographical, climatological, and other natural factors. Among the sociocultural handicaps, de Schweinitz stresses traditional institutions that impede social mobility based upon achievement and accomplishment: the extended family, traditional restrictions on mobility, and religious institutions and beliefs. His economic-demographic list includes tendSage Publications, Inc.


This paper analyses the choice of an inter-generational discount rate as well as a method for inter-generational discounting. It is shown that the pure time preference rate is irrelevant for inter-generational comparisons. However, the application of the growth time preference rate - with respect to consumption - is a necessary condition for inter-temporal utility maximisation. Opportunity costs should be taken into account not by discounting with their internal rate of return, but by calculating consumption equivalents (shadow prices of capital). Thus, an intergenerational discount rate has to be based on the time preference approach. These considerations lead us to the formulation of a new discounting technique, "Generation Adjusted Discounting" (GAD). It takes into account intra- as well as inter-generational aspects. Compared with conventional discounting techniques, we find that the present values obtained by using the GAD noticeably exceed those derived conventionally.


In this paper, e-Meters middleware and applications using standardized middleware in the EPCglobal is suggested. An standardized middleware of the EPCglobal is designed to manage as a form of SCM and other logistics. In order to support a variety of services using RFID-based, the system must be able to support each protocol. The main features of e-Meters middleware is consist of information status and delivery, distributed database processing, event data analysis, and handling. To operate real time e-Meters system information, The realized middleware is configured to process the results of data collection.


Editorial Do or Die for Hearing Aid Industry By Fan-Gang Zeng, PhD A recent search of patent ac- tivities and research papers in the past half century yielded a surprise: The data showed that, relatively speaking, the hearing aid industry has been consis- tently emphasizing development over research. Because of this imbalanced approach, it is now a do-or-die time for the hearing aid industry. Modern hearing aids had a glamorous start, with Alexander Graham Bell and Thomas Edison as their celebrated in- ventors in the late 1800s. On the other hand, cochlear implants started nearly 100 years later and were initially ridiculed as a cruel hoax on deaf people. Gener- ally, the cochlear implant patent activities paralleled those of hearing aids, with a slightly faster growth rate (fourfold per decade) but at an overall level that is still one order of magnitude less, roughly re- flecting the difference in their respective market size and capitalization. An even more surprising result was that together, the "Big Six" hearing aid manufacturers have published a total of 124 papers, whereas the three co- chlear implant manufacturers have pro- duced 1,582 papers. This disparity likely reflects the hearing aid industry's tradition of favoring conference presen- tations and trade journal papers over peer-reviewed publications for quick turnaround and broad accessibility. H J thehearingjournal.com editorial Office Managing Editor Michelle Hogan firstname.lastname@example.com Assistant Editor Alissa Katz Executive Editor Serena Stockwell The Hearing Journal Wolters Kluwer 333 Seventh Avenue, 19th Floor New York, NY 10001 The relative lack of rigor in these non– peer-reviewed publications, however, has damaged the industry's reputation, which has led to absurd behaviors such as some hearing aid manufacturers be- ing unwilling to disclose their products in independent research, or some jour- nals requiring them to have an outside The hearing aid industry is facing stiff competition from consumer electronics. author in their papers. More seriously, the continuous market pressure to intro- duce new features may produce ques- tionable or premature technologies, such as a large number of compression bands or frequency transposition, which are driven by technology for tech- nology's sake. As a result, their cost cannot be adequately justified. The hearing aid industry must conduct a thorough cost–utility analysis, providing strong evidence for hearing aid benefits in children, in adults, and in special populations while justifying a cost that is consistent with the benefits. The current imbalance in practice may not be sustainable even in the short term, as the hearing aid industry is facing stiff competition from consumer Editorial Advisory Board Fan-Gang Zeng, PhD, Chairman University of California Irvine, CA Jackie L. Clark, PhD University of Texas Dallas, TX James W. Hall III, PhD Salus University Elkins Park, PA Nina Kraus, PhD Northwestern University Evanston, IL Deborah Price, AuD Hearing Professional Center Dallas, TX Kenneth E. Smith, PhD Hearing Center of Castro Valley Castro Valley, CA electronics. As an example, a Google search for hearing-aid–related patents by Apple, Samsung, and Qualcomm showed zero patents 20 years ago but 816 in 2015—slightly more than half of the total patent activities by the Big Six in the same period. A chill runs through my spine to read patent titles such as Remotely updating a hearing aid profile; Social network for sharing a hearing aid setting (Apple); Method of controlling the digital hear- ing aid using the mobile communica- tion terminal; Hearing aid for playing audible advertisement or audible data (Samsung); and Gain control for a hear- ing aid with a facial movement detector; Systems and methods for classification of audio environments (Qualcomm). These cellphone and chip companies can circumvent regulation by either pitching their products with hearing aid functions as personal assistive listening devices, or making technologies avail- able to third parties such as iHear, SoundHawk, or AuStar, which will com- pete directly against the existing hearing aid companies. Dr. Zeng is chairman of The Hearing Journal Editorial Advisory Board, as well as director of the Center for Hear- ing Research and professor of anatomy and neurobiology, biomedical engi- neering, cognitive sciences, and otolar- yngology at the University of California, Irvine. SALES AND ADVERTISING Vice President, Sales Fabien Savenay Sales Director, LWW Journals Ray Lender Sales Manager Tom Pitofsky 661-296-8213; 661-296-3262 (fax) email@example.com Careers & Events Sales Mike Rusch firstname.lastname@example.com Wolters Kluwer Two Commerce Square 2001 Market St. Philadelphia, PA 19103 President & CEO, Health Learning, Research & Practice Cathy Wolfe Vice President, Global Publishing Jayne Marks Vice President, Nursing, Health & Wellness Publishing Jennifer E. Brogan Customer Service (subscriptions only) 978-671-0449; 978-671-0460 (fax) Outside U.S. and Canada: lww.com Publisher Lynn Nace Director, Publishing Theresa M. Steltzer Desktop Manager Peter Castro Production Project Manager Nick Strickland Manager of Circulation Deborah Benward Copyright © 2015 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form, or by any means, without the prior written permission of the Publisher. Produced in the U.S.A.


Due to their negligent acts causing the damage suffered by the students,the primary as well as the secondary school and the teachers should take the responsibility for the infringement damages.The damage commits them to the responsibility for the injuries even commited on the campus by the individuals from outside of the school in the street that only the school and the teacher have this negligence in the protection of the security of students.Therefore,when this kind of infringement damages happens,the fact that it will be shared together by the three parties;the one who makes it happen,the school and the teacher and then the last two only take the so-called "responsibilityfor the supplements" is not allowed.


Since 2012, Local Climate Zones (LCZ) have been used for numerous studies related to urban environment. In 2015, this use amplified because a method to map urban areas in LCZs was introduced by the World Urban Database and Access Portal Tools (WUDAPT). However in 2017, the first HUMan INfluence EXperiment showed that these maps often have poor or low quality. Since the maps are used in different applications such as urban modelling and land use/land cover change studies, it is of the utmost importance to improve mapping accuracies and a second experiment was launched. In HUMINEX 2.0, the focus lies on providing guidelines on the use of the mapping protocol based on the results of both HUMINEX 1.0 and 2.0. The results showed that: (1) it is important to follow the mapping protocol as strictly as possible, (2) a reasonable amount of time should be spent on the mapping procedure, (3) all users should perform a driving test, and (4) training area sets should be stored in the WUDAPT database for other users.


JAMES B. GOODE RECOLLECTS that as a child his favorite book was a worn, hardback poetry collection entitled 202 Famous Poems. He remembers becoming enamored with the oval-shaped pictures of the poets, the black and white sketches that accompanied the poems. "I wanted to be one of those bearded poets," he says, recalling his childhood dreams. "They had led interesting lives. I just wanted to live an interesting life." Without a doubt, Goode's dream has been realized; not only has he existed as a bearded poet, but he has led a remarkably interesting life as well.


In this paper an adaptive control algorithm of a reaction wheel pendulum on a movable platform is proposed. Obtained hybrid control system allows to stabilize a pendulum fixed on the movable platform at the top unstable equilibrium. Tasks of swinging up and stabilizing of a pendulum is solved in conditions of a full parametric uncertainty of a plant and constrained control channel. In contrast to other approaches, this algorithm has adaptive adjusting of controller's parameters in "on-line" mode without any preliminary identification procedure. The second goal of this work is a development of applications used in an educational process because an investigation of control theory problems with real plants very important for students and their experience.


Introduction: Acute postoperative pain results from a surgical procedure. Despite the improvements in the physiopathology and management of postoperative pain, we still don't provide acceptable levels of care. To allow a greater efficacy in treating pain with fewer secondary effects, old drugs have been revived. Among these, gabapentinoids, tricyclic anti-depressants and ketamine can reduce central sensitization and thus decrease pain. This review focuses on their use in acute postoperative pain management. Methods: Data were compiled from previous systematic reviews and metaanalyses published from 2007 to 2016 in MEDLINE. The three outcomes investigated were postoperative pain, opioid consumption and opioid-related side effects. All outcomes were analysed at 24h postoperative and up to 72h after surgery, if data were available. Results: The effect of gabapentinoids and ketamine seems to be greater on the reduction of opioid consumption than on postoperative pain as there was a more homogeneous reduction in opioid requirements. Results are even more inconsistent regarding opioid side effects but the overall trend favours a reduction by both gabapentinoids and ketamine. The best analgesic dose is yet to be discovered. However, effective gabapentin doses ranged from 300mg/d to 1200mg/d; pregabalin doses inferior to 100mg/d had little effect; ketamine was always used in sub-anaesthetic doses, i.e. no more than 1.0mg/Kg when given as an I.V. bolus and no greater than 1.2mg/Kg/h when given as an infusion (either I.V. or epidurally). Regarding tricyclic anti-depressants, the


The purpose of this study is to determine the hepatic lesion detectability in abdomen from various phantom sizes by dual-energy computed tomography (DECT) imaging and to investigate the factors affecting the detectability of hepatic lesion in abdomen by dual-energy CT in phantom study. The anthropomorphic liver with nodule inserted phantom with extension rings simulating the small, medium, and large patients were scanned under DECT acquisitions by varying three kVp combinations (80/-,90/-, and 100/Sn150-kVp). The series of 40-,50-,60-, and 70-keV VMI were generated from DECT data set. All images were used to assess the task-based image quality; task transfer function (TTF), noise power spectrum (NPS), and detectability index (d') with the diagnostic task to detect 15 mm diameter hyperattenuating hepatic lesion based on clinical task of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) detection in CT imaging. In addition, the accuracy of iodine quantification in DECT for various kVp combinations was performed by using the customized 3D- printed liver nodule phantom. The result showed that the TTF increased as increasing the VMI energy level from 40-70 keV and the maximum values of 50%TTF (f50) was found at 70 keV VMI. The noise magnitude increased as increasing the phantom size and decreasing the VMI-energy and when the kV on x-ray tube A increased. The results of d' demonstrated that as increased phantom sizes and decreased the energy level , the d' decreased. The measured iodine concentrations with DECT were strongly related to the true concentrations with the percentages of iodine quantification error within ?20% for concentration at 2.0-5.0 mgI/cc in all kV combinations. In conclusion, for the small phantom, the imaging condition yields the highest d' was at the 70keV-VMI acquired with 80/Sn150 kV. For the medium and large phantom sizes, the highest d' was at the 70keV-VMI acquired by 100/Sn150 kV. The percentage of iodine quantification error in the range of 2.0-5.0 mgI/cc was within ?20% in all kV combination settings.


Situational experiment activated the family identity or professional identity of teachers and 178 primary and secondary school teachers participated in this research.The research studied the teachers'professional identity,family-work identity integration and cognition processing.Data showed Identity activation moderated the cognition process.Teachers' profession is also mainly in work orientation,just like other professions.High professional identity,high identity integrations were favor of teachers in Ethnic Group in the Laws and Regulations.


General. 1. Waves come in a variety of types: Longitudinal or Transverse ; Periodic or Aperiodic ; Traveling or Standing In this course we will deal mainly with traveling, periodic, transverse waves. 2. For Periodic waves, we can define: A : the amplitude (the maximum oscillation, measured from the "zero" position). \(\lambda \): the wavelength (the distance in which the wave repeats itself) f : the frequency (the number of oscillations in one second) V : the speed (the length of the wave passing a given point in one second) I : the intensity of the wave (the amount of energy it carries). Periodic waves come in many shapes and sizes square, sinusoidal, sawtooth, to name but a few. 3. Due to these definitions, there is a relationship between wavelength, frequency and speed; Speed = wavelength times frequency ( or \(V = \lambda f\)) 4. Since the speed of a wave in a given medium is constant, dependent on the elastic constants (at a given temperature, pressure, etc.) of the medium, this means that a wave with a low value of frequency has a long wavelength, and vice-versa.


Objective To explore the safety and efficacy of percutaneous ultrasound-guided core needle biopsy in the spleen.Methods Twenty-five patients undergoing splenic biopsy for focal lesions(n=19:single 11,multiple 8) or diffuse splenomegaly(n=6) were analyzed,average lesion size was(3.76±1.37) cm.In each patient,at least 2 samples were obtained with 18 G core edge-cutting needle combined with an automated biopsy gun.After the procedure,the patients were observed in supine position to monitor vital signs.Final diagnosis was established by surgical pathology(n=14) and combination of clinical course and imaging follow-up(n=11).Results Needle passes of each patient was 2-3,average 2.28±0.46.Eleven cases underwent immunohistochemical stains,10 malignant and 1 benign.The accuracy of ultrasound-guided spleen biopsy in this series was 96%.One false negative case was finally diagnosed Castleman's disease by clinical course.One patient complained post-procedure haemorrhage.Conclusion As far as coagulative function was normal,percutaneous ultrasound-guided splenic biopsy with 18 G needle is safe,efficient and feasible.


In the center of attention of the author there is one of the central questions of legal knowledge a methodology problem. It is emphasized that the concept of methodology repeatedly became a subject of the scientific analysis, however still there is no unambiguity of its understanding. It is noted that the methodology isn't settled by the doctrine and knowledge methods, also other phenomena here enter: outlook, principles, concepts and categories. The author analyzes the contents and definition of methodology of legal knowledge is given.


A continuous foam process is studied for separating Cr3+ from wastewater.The factors,such as the wastewater pH,gas flow,surfactant dosage,the reaction time,etc.,affecting the Cr3+ removal efficiency are investigated.The result shows that under the optimal operating conditions as wastewater pH=6.0,350 mL/min of gas flow,150 mL/L of surfactant dosage,30 min of reaction time,the Cr3+ removal rate can be 95.31%.The transpired Cr3+ concentration in residue from flotation column can be less than 0.5 mg/L,which can meet the national discharge standard.


In this issue of the Journal, Chevalier et al.1 provide for the first time clinical evidence that the slope of the QT/RR relationship evaluated 9 to 14 days after index myocardial infarction has prognostic significance for predicting both total mortality and sudden death in postinfarction patients observed for an average of 7 years. Steeper slope was associated with mortality, indicating that excessive shortening of QT with fast heart rate and/or excessive lengthening of QT with slow heart rates might contribute to arrhythmic events. The concept of excessive QT shortening with fast heart rates may be supported by observations that most episodes of tachyarrhythmias leading to sudden death are preceded by sinus tachycardia.2 Facilitation of reentry by shortening of the refractory period may be considered a potential mechanism behind this phenomenon. The authors found that the QT/RR slope evaluated during the day, but not during the night, was predictive, which could be explained by sympathetic dominance during the day and the limited range of heart rates during the night. Interestingly, the QTapex/RR slope had no predictive value, indicating that the dynamics of early repolarization do not contribute to an increased risk after myocardial infarction. The study by Chevalier et al. carries an important practical message that the QT/RR slope could be incorporated into all Holter systems and used in clinical practice. Automatic identification of the QT interval in Holter recordings represents a challenge; averaging techniques are used to decrease the influence of outliers. The QT/RR slope usually is automatically determined, but manual correction and validation are needed to ensure that outliers (caused by inaccurate QT measurements) are removed and do not influence the overall results of analysis. It is important to acknowledge that the quality of Holter recordings is of major importance for successful QT/RR analysis. In the analysis by Chevalier et al., one third of the recordings were not suitable for QT/RR analysis. Current digital recorders support high-amplitude resolution and high sampling frequency, allowing for increased precision when automatically identifying QT interval. Even with digital technology, flat T waves create a problem for automatic algorithms; simultaneously, the same flat T waves may have prognostic significance. Therefore, patients with flat or other abnormally shaped T waves, which make it difficult to measure the QT interval, require special attention because this morphologic feature may serve as a risk factor in postinfarction patients.


Peroxisome proliferators (PPs) cause rodent liver enlargement and tumors. In vitro, PPs induce rat and mouse hepatocyte DNA synthesis and suppress apoptosis, a response mimicked by exogenous tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα). Here, we determine the role of TNF receptor 1 (TNFR1), TNF receptor 2 (TNFR2), and nuclear factor κ beta (NFκB) in the response of mouse hepatocytes to the PP, nafenopin. Nafenopin (50 μmol/L) induced DNA synthesis as measured by bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) incorporation, suppressed cell death as measured by Hoechst 33258 staining, induced peroxisomal β‐oxidation as measured by cyanide insensitive palmitoyl CoA oxidation (PCO) and caused activation of nuclear factor kappa β (NFκB) as determined by electrophoretic mobility gel shift assay (EMSA). The induction of DNA synthesis and the suppression of apoptosis in response to nafenopin was abrogated completely by blocking antibodies to TNFR1 but not to TNFR2. In contrast, the induction of peroxisomal β‐oxidation by nafenopin was not blocked by the anti‐TNFR1 antibody. Next, we evaluated the response of hepatocytes to interleukin‐1 (IL‐1), another proinflammatory cytokine. IL‐1α (2.5 ng/mL) and, to a lesser extent, IL‐1β (5 ng/mL), shared the ability of TNFα to induce DNA synthesis and suppress apoptosis. In addition, anti–IL‐1 receptor, type 1/p80 (IL‐1R) antibodies were able to abrogate the response to nafenopin. IL‐1α was still able to perturb hepatocyte growth in the presence of the anti‐TNFR1 antibody suggesting that IL‐1α acts independently rather than by elaborating TNFα. In summary, these data provide additional evidence for a role for hepatic cytokines in the perturbation of hepatocyte growth by PPs such as nafenopin.


The main goal of maritime container terminals is to serve the container vessels arriving at port. This means that they must be berthed in a position along the quay, a subset of quay cranes must be assigned to them and work schedules have to be planned for unloading the import containers and loading the export containers onto each container vessel. This work addresses the Tactical Berth Allocation Problem, in which the vessels are assigned to a given berth, and the Quay Crane Scheduling Problem, for which the work schedules of the quay cranes are determined. Due to the fact that the nature of this environment gives rise to inaccurate knowledge about the information related to the incoming vessels, the aforementioned optimization problems are tackled considering fuzzy arrival times for the vessels and fuzzy processing times for the loading/unloading operations.


Dieldrin exposed 4th-instar Aedes aegypti ISLA VERDE larvae were fed to 4th-instar Toxorhynchites brevipalpis larvae. The daily consumption rate of the predator was adversely affected, accompanied by an increase in the time to pupation. This time differential, however, allowed for an overall increase in consumption.


The invention relates to a preparation method of a pavement material. The preparation method of a pouring type organic/inorganic composite pavement material based on the interface modification is characterized by comprising the following steps of: firstly preparing an interface modifier: (1) selecting the following components by in parts by weight: 100 parts of silane coupling agent, 18-32 parts of solvent, 10-40 parts of catalyst and 2-8 parts of stabilizer ; and (2) adding the catalyst to a container filled with the solvent, adjusting the pH value to range from 5.5 to 6.5 with acetic acid to obtain an emulsion; standing, adding the silane coupling agent, adding the stabilizer and stirring to obtain the interface modifier; and secondly, preparing a pouring type organic/inorganic composite pavement material based on the interface modification: (1) preparing a basal body bituminous mixture; (2) preparing interface modification cement slurry; and (3) paving the basal body bituminous mixture, then pouring the interface modification cement slurry on the upper surface of the basal body bituminous mixture for 5-8 times, and maintaining for 28 days to obtain the pouring type organic/inorganic composite pavement material based on the interface modification.


The purpose of this study was to determine whether there is an effect of information asymmetry, tax planning, and bonus compensation on earnings management. Manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange from 2016 to 2018 became the population in this study, then the samples in this study were taken from all companies selected using the purposive sampling method, as many as 99 samples of observations with multiple regression analysis techniques. The statistical test tool used is the Statistical Product and Service Solution (SPSS) version 25.0 program. The measurement of earnings management uses discretionary accruals. Information asymmetry is measured using the bid-ask spread, tax planning uses the tax retention rate (TRR), and bonus compensation is measured using a dummy variable, if the company gives a bonus to management it will be given a value of 1, and if it is not given a value of 0. is information asymmetry and bonus compensation has a significant effect on earnings management. while tax planning has no significant effect on earnings management.


We demonstrate that topological transport phenomena, characteristic of Weyl semimetals, namely the semiquantized anomalous Hall effect and the chiral magnetic effect (equilibrium magnetic-field-driven current), may be thought of as two distinct manifestations of the same underlying phenomenon, the chiral anomaly. We show that the topological response in Weyl semimetals is fully described by a $\ensuremath{\theta}$ term in the action for the electromagnetic field, where $\ensuremath{\theta}$ is not a constant parameter, like, for example, in topological insulators, but is a field, which has a linear dependence on the space-time coordinates. We also show that the $\ensuremath{\theta}$ term and the corresponding topological response survive for sufficiently weak translational symmetry breaking perturbations, which open a gap in the spectrum of the Weyl semimetal, eliminating the Weyl nodes.


ABSTRACT Australia's National Plan for Maritime Environmental Emergencies ('the National Plan') is a cooperative national strategy for the preparing, responding and recovering from maritime casualty and marine pollution incidents. A review of the National Plan was conducted between 2011 and 2012 following a series of shipping and offshore petroleum incidents which presented the most significant challenges to National Plan since its inception in 1973. The Review incorporated two streams of work – a national risk assessment modelled the current and 10 year outlook of the marine pollution threat to Australia and a capability analysis, involving consultation with over 90 stakeholder groups, identified areas for improvement in national preparedness. Forty-seven recommendations were forthcoming from the review including: Implementing a modern governance model for the National Plan, clarifying responsibilities and providing for the formal engagement of stakeholders. Alignment of planning and response systems wit...


Sub-Saharan Africa combines all the major risk factors commonly associated with the onset of civil war. Accordingly, it is the world's most conflict-intensive region, with 24 out of 48 countries having experienced civil war over the past 50 years. Yet at the same time, half of its crisis-ridden states have managed to maintain political stability despite the odds. Trying to resolve this puzzle, I begin by reviewing the five most influential theoretical approaches in the civil war literature and find that they ultimately all fall short of explaining the observed differences in political stability. In the light of these shortcomings, the paper then outlines an alternative approach to the study of civil war focusing on differences in the inclusiveness of elite politics. My main argument is that the postcolonial trajectories of civil war versus political stability in different states across Sub-Saharan Africa are largely determined by the varying ability of ruling political parties to overcome the specific historical legacy of high social fragmentation, by forging and maintaining 'inclusive elite bargains'. While 'inclusive elite bargains' permit the maintenance of political stability, 'exclusionary elite bargains' give rise to trajectories of civil war. The paper concludes with brief methodological remarks on how to explore the plausibility of my argument and argues in favour of a case-study approach of 'structured, focused comparison'.


Neural machine translation have achieved state-of-the-art accuracy on widespread used language pairs, but falls short on low-resource or complex-morphological language pairs. Mongolian is a typical agglutinative language which of complex morphological changes lead to the misunderstand of machine translation. In this work, we improve the quality of Chinese-Mongolia translation by combining double syntactic structure information. Convolutional neural network follows with interest is clause structure in the sequence, and extract the clause features through window sliding. The dependency structure of sentences affects the distribution of attention between words, we construct the dependency score to upgrade the attention mechanism for deeper encoding. We show the efficacy of our model not only in Chinese-Mongolian but also English-German, and the results prove that the fusion of double syntactic structure information helps machine translation.


This paper aims to show that although the major conventions and treaties affirm the obligation of the different states to satisfy economic and social rights for all, many people live in countries on less than two dollars per day. The problems involved in taking economic and social rights seriously are not only practical, they are also present in philosophical theories. Some thinkers claim that such rights are too concerned with the individual and therefore fail to take into account the cultural realities within and among different countries. In this paper I show the distinction between individual and cultural rights in order to argue that cultural rights are often ignored because individual rights are not taken seriously. My point is that we should regard rights as a form of respect and as a way of fulfilling human needs in order to fight against poverty.


The article presents a new approach towards reducing an overall cost of electric power network with maintaining its reliability. Goals are achieved by implementing an ant colony algorithm with a cut-set method as a method for reliability evaluation. The algorithm solves the problem of multi-objective optimisation, where both the network cost and network reliability index, known as unavailability, should be minimalised. The network cost is considered as a linear function of overall length of network's connections. For reliability evaluation in the cut-set method, real empiric data of hazard rate for overhead power lines are used. Parallel-series network structure, equivalent by means of reliability to analysed network, is generated through the cut-set method to compute unavailability of trial solutions. Sections of the structure are generated on the basis of minimum cut set, found by the algorithm for finding one- and two- minimum cuts. As used algorithm for finding minimum cuts has linear complexity, the evaluation of trial solutions is computationally effective. An example, presented in this article, provides figure of optimal network configurations found by the algorithm.


Malicious programs pose a serious threat to computer security. Nowadays, malicious software attacks and threats against data and information security has become a complex process. The variety and range of those attacks and threats has resulted in providing numerous styles of relying ways in which against them however sadly current detection technologies of malware designers which use them to escape from anti-malware. However there is more needed to receive some better procedures which can guarantee the malware code recognition proficiently by testing strategy over an extensive arrangement of malicious executable. This paper explores the application of data mining methods to predict rootkits based on the attributes extracted from the information contained in the log files. In this paper, we proposed three algorithms name as Random Forest, Random Tree and Rep Tree using data mining techniques and the comparison of these algorithms. Keywords— Data mining, Malware Code Detection, Random Forest Tree, Random Tree, Rep Tree, Classification, WEKA.


• Various techniques involving skin grafts have been described to obtain thin hairless immobile skin at the abutment interface of the bone‐anchored hearing aid (BAHA), but none are without significant complications such as necrosis and/or infection leading to total graft failure.


Elsie Janis: Sweetheart of the A.E.F. Archeophone Records ARCH 5013. She was one of the greatest stage and screen stars of the 1910s, but Elsie Janis (1889-1956) is virtually unknown today. Her fame, which was considerable in America and England between 1910 and 1920 (and in France during the 1920s), rests on appearances in vaudeville, revues, and musical comedies (The Slim Princess, The Lady of the Slipper, The Passing Show, Hullo, America!), a half-dozen silent films in which she starred, and a comparatively small number of audio recordings, few of which have been released in digitized form prior to this welcome--and long overdue--collection from Archeophone Records. Unlike her most celebrated peers--Al Jolson, Sophie Tucker, Eddie Cantor, George M. Cohan--Janis left behind a comparatively small record of her work, despite its undeniable variety and the public affection in which she was held and the critical appreciation of her skills by her contemporaries. She made no significant appearances in sound films, rarely performed on radio, and made no commercial recordings after 1919, which has left her little more than a name in the history books of early twentieth century show business. This is unfortunate because, as Elsie Janis: Sweetheart of the A.E.F. effectively demonstrates, Janis was as distinct a talent as any of them. As a charter member of ASCAP, Janis, who had begun performing in vaudeville as a toddler, was an accomplished writer of film scripts and lyrics, contributing songs to her own shows as well as several films into the 1940s, including such popular songs as "Love, Your Magic Spell is Everywhere," "The Darktown Strutters' Ball," "Any Time's the Time to Fall in Love," "I'm True to the Navy Now," "Oh, Give Me Time for Tenderness" (which was featured in the 1939 Bette Davis film, Dark Victory), "Some Sort of Somebody," and "A Little Love," among others. Janis found her most enduring fame as a performer during World War I when she first played for British troops while making her London stage debut in 1914. She devoted most of her prodigious energy to entertaining service personnel throughout the war, even before America ultimately entered the conflict in 1917. Janis so completely won the affection of American and British soldiers that they nicknamed her "Sweetheart of the Allied Expeditionary Forces," in part because of her bravery in performing at the front. Following the war, Janis maintained her patriotic commitment to the military and performed in concert and in occasional stage shows, most notably Elsie Janis and Her Gang, the gang being former soldiers who were also stage performers. Janis admitted that after the war she lost a sense of purpose about her work and by the late 1920s, she embarked on prolonged farewell tours in the United States and Europe and by the early 1930s, she made only rare appearances (occasionally on radio), including a brief comeback in support of the war effort as World War II began. Elsie Janis: Sweetheart of the A.E.F. features twenty-three tracks recorded between 1912 and 1919, with the bonus addition of a 1939 radio appearance. Recordings from this era are understandably challenging for the listener, not to mention the audio engineer, but Archeophone Records maintains the high quality of audio restoration typical of their label for these tracks. They are as vivid as one could hope for given their vintage and the sound quality is impressively consistent throughout, despite various recording conditions. The first three tracks were recorded in 1912 for Victor Records and are songs written by Janis herself, including "That Fascinating Baseball Slide," "When Antelo Plays the 'Cello," and "Fo' de Lawd's Sake Play a Waltz," the last two written for the Charles Dillingham musical production The Slim Princess (1911), in which Janis starred. The show's score by Leslie Stuart and Henry Blossom served the supporting cast, but as was the practice at the time, a notable star freely interpolated specialty material. …


Different nations have different idioms.Because of their different background,idioms present different cultural features.The paper discussed several common approaches in idiom translation through analyzing the differences between Chinese and English.It is to make some contributions to idiom translation.


An advanced hybrid LLC series resonant converter with united flying-capacitor cell is proposed in this paper to permit the high step-down conversion in the high input voltage applications. The in-built flyingcapacitor branch in the primary side can efficiently share out the primary switch voltage stress related with the half-bridge LLC converters. And the input voltage can be shared correspondingly and automatically between the two series half-bridge components lacking additional balance circuit or control strategies owing to the built-in flyingcapacitor cell. Likewise, the inherent soft switching performance in extensive load range that exists in the LLC converters is still kept to decrease the switching losses, which ensures the high efficiency. In addition, the proposed converter can be comprehensive to reduce the switch voltage stress byemploying stacked connection. Finally, a 500∼640 Vinput 48 Voutput 1 kW prototype is built and tested to verify the efficiency of the proposed converter. The results prove that the proposed converter is an excellent candidate for the high input voltage and high step-down dc/dc conversion systems.


Paper is devoted to the basic postulates of ecological theory (U. Bronfenbrenner). Survey of empirical studies conducted in the context of ecological approach in the field of sport psychology is presented in this work. It indicates on advisability to combine positions of ecological approach with objective diagnostic methods of sportsmen's professional skills. The conclusion is that approach could be used in the solving problems that face sportsmen, their parents, coaches and sport psychologists.


The political regulation of the economy takes place on domestic, regional and international levels. Often, states are members of regional and international organizations (ROs and IOs) with competencies in the economic realm. This study explores the effects of such overlaps in membership and policy focus, and examines negotiations in economic Ios. It studies the phenomenon of states being drivers of regionalization of international negotiations. This analysis reveals that states make a conscious choice to influence regionalization of international economic policies. States with strong export sectors and strong economies are more inclined to act on behalf of their RO in international economic negotiations. Apart from incentives, capacities also matter. States need to have domestic and diplomatic capacities to become active in Ios in the first place.


The essence of text mining and data mining is that a machine and software are used for content analysis of large digital corpora. The Publishing Research Consortium commissioned a study on content mining of scholarly journal articles with 29 expert interviews and an international survey among publishers. The main results are: (i) content mining developments appear to be accelerating with more applications in more areas; (ii) third‐party demand for content mining is widespread but still at low levels of frequency; (iii) publishers' permissions for content mining are quite liberal, especially for research‐driven mining requests; (iv) half of the publisher respondents undertake mining of their own content; and (v) content mining is on the rise – publishers and third parties both report an increase in planned mining activities. As content mining of journal articles spreads and intensifies, cross‐publisher solutions can better help facilitate content mining. The study investigated the interest and willingness of publishers to support a set of different solutions, from one shared content mining platform to commonly agreed access terms for mining and standardization of mining‐friendly content formats.


The oxidative polycondensation reaction conditions and optimum parameters of N-salicylidenephenylhydrazone (SPH) were determined using air, H 2 O 2 and NaOCl as oxidants at a temperature range between 50 °C and 95 °C in an aqueous alkaline medium. The molecular structures of the obtained monomer and oligomer were confirmed by FT-IR, UV-Vis, 1 H- NMR and elemental analyses. The characterization was fulfilled by TG-DTA, size exclusion chromatography (SEC) and solubility tests. The conversion of N-salicylidenephenylhydrazone into oligomer was performed using air, H 2 O 2 and NaOCl as oxidants in an aqueous alkaline medium. According to SEC analysis, the number-average molecular weight (M n ), weight-average molecular weight (M w ) and polydispersity index (PDI) values of oligo-N-salicylidenephenylhydrazone (OSPH) obtained using NaOCl oxidant were found to be 1436 g mol-1, 1631 g mol -1 and 1.14, respectively. The conversion yield of N-salicylidenephenylhydrazone into oligo-N-salicylidenephenylhydrazone was 100% at optimum reaction conditions such as [SPH] 0 = [KOH] 0 = [H 2 O 2 ] 0 =0.06, mol/L and at 90 °C for 10 h. Also, according to TG-DTA analysis, oligo-N-salicylidenephenylhydrazone was shown to be thermally stable and resistant to thermo-oxidative decomposition. The weight loss of OSPH was found to be 20, 50 and 92.56% at 275°, 597° and 1000 °C, respectively.


Biodiesel is an important alternative fuel synthesized by the trans-esterification of vegetable oils, animal fats, and recycled greases. In this experiment, students prepared biodiesel through the base-catalyzed trans-esterification of several vegetable oils, which were subsequently analyzed in comparison with conventional petroleum-based fuels to assess their physical properties and to obtain a thermochemical profile. The experiment as described here could be employed by university faculty as a project in a major's level laboratory course, but we envision the ideal fit to be a module within an advanced or integrated laboratory course. Students completing the project gain valuable experience in chemical synthesis and in extensive product characterization and analysis. This project reinforces critical skills in isolation of pure products from complex mixtures and in the careful preparation of samples for chemical analysis. Finally, students are afforded the opportunity to compare theoretical predictions fr...


For the problems of multi objectives decision with finite alternatives,this paper presents a simple and practical method for order preference by similarity to ideal point,a numerical example is also given.


Thank you very much for reading panic and anxiety disorder 121 tips real life advice resources more. Maybe you have knowledge that, people have look numerous times for their chosen books like this panic and anxiety disorder 121 tips real life advice resources more, but end up in infectious downloads. Rather than enjoying a good book with a cup of tea in the afternoon, instead they are facing with some infectious virus inside their laptop.


As a new communication technology,PPM(pulse position modulation)technology can be easily coded,and has a high efficiency of energy transmission. This paper introduces a PPM system based on FPGA,described by VHDL,and synthesized,simulated with Max+plusⅡ foundation.It presents fundamental principle of PPM.The circuits,experimental process and the simulation results were given.The experimental results show that the performance has conformed to the proposed algorithm.


By analysis of the characteristics of CDP melt,the process conditions of direct spinning CDP staple fibre were discussed. The results showed that match of the spin pump's throughput and the take-up speed,condition of cooling and fiber forming,stretching and thermosetting temperature and after draw ratio would effect the quality of CDP staple fibre.


The QUTLJJ is published biannually and is available both on-line and in hard copy (by subscription). The journal contains sections for contributions on law and justice topics as well as student contributions, both undergraduate and postgraduate, and book reviews. (Refer to the Contributors Publication Agreement for information on how to submit articles.) Special editions of the Journal may also be commissioned from time to time.


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This ambitious and inspiring book describes itself as a 'manifesto for old age'. It sets out to challenge the myriad conscious and unconscious ageist assumptions that the public in general, and more particularly policy makers and health professionals, hold about


In order to improve the security performance and accuracy of the Internet of things in the use process, it is necessary to use the Internet of things intrusion detection method. At present, the problem of inconsistency between the accuracy of detection results and nodes is more prominent when the Internet of things intrusion detection methods are running. This paper proposes a practical Byzantine fault-tolerant intrusion detection method for the use process of the Internet of things. This method introduces the intrusion detection method and the operation function of foreign attackers on the basis of practical Byzantine fault tolerance; using the expected utility function to the corresponding benefit function of practical Byzantine fault tolerance, the results of Internet of things intrusion detection model can be effectively calculated. Finally, the experimental results show that compared with the existing intrusion detection methods, the proposed method can effectively reduce the energy consumption of the Internet of things in the operation process, can effectively reduce 14.3% and 7.8%, and can effectively reduce the energy consumption of the Internet of things in the operation process.


Powder samples of NaxCoO2 (x = 0.7, 0.8 & 0.9) have been synthesized by solid state reaction method. Temperature dependent XRD measurement confirms the phase purity and phase stability in the range of 10–300 K. Single crystals of NaxCoO2 were grown by Travelling Solvent Floating Zone (TSFZ) and flux methods using NaxCoO2 (x = 0.7, 0.8 & 0.9) as precursor. Na0.3CoO2 crystal was prepared by Br intercalation method. DC susceptibility measurement was carried out for NaxCoO2 (x = 0.3 & 0.75) single crystals. SDW transition was seen at 22 K for Na0.75CoO2 and χ(T) is featureless for Na0.3CoO2.


A microwave digestion-atomic fluorescence spectrometric method to determine the contents of arsenic and mercury ions in cosmetics was studied. The lotions were used as representative cosmetic samples,and it was digested by microwave. The nitric acid and hydrogen peroxide were used as the digestion reagents with the volume ratio of 3 /2,and the temperature was programmed from 0 ℃ to 120 ℃ firstly,then down to 0 ℃. The atomic fluorescence spectrometry was used to determine the arsenic and mercury in digested samples,and the influences of the concentration of reducing agent KBH4 and carrier HCl on fluorescence intensity were investigated.Finally the optimal condition for atomic fluorescence spectrometry was determined as follows: the potassium borohydride as reducing agent with mass concentration of 20 g / L,the hydrochloric acid as carrier with volume fraction of 5%. Under this optimal condition,the recoveries of arsenic obtained from two spike recovery tests were 95. 7% and 100. 4%,and that of arsenic were 101. 6% and 99. 7%.


LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in Chinese; abstract also in English.
杜甫絶句在詩歌批評史上毁譽參半,反映了杜詩學中不同的審美標準以及對絶句表現功能的不同認識。本文將五絶分出别論,根據五絶的表現原理,對照該種體式的創作傳統,分析杜甫在30餘篇五絶中不同的表現方式。認爲杜甫既有合乎傳統審美標準的名作,更有題材、結構和藝術表現等方面的"創調",尤其是在寫景方面的獨創突破了五絶傳統的表現程式,並開發出更深的審美感覺層次,爲後人探索五絶的表現潛力篳路藍縷,其實驗意義不容低估。
In the history of Chinese poetic criticism, Du Fu's (712-770) penta- syllabic quatrains have been praised and criticized. This phenomenon reflects the diverse aesthetic standards and views of the representation functions of quatrains in the scholarship of Du Fu. If we focus only on penta-syllabic quatrains and trace the conventions of this poetic form according to its theory of representation, we may find among the 30-plus poems penned by Du some that meet the traditional aesthetic standards of penta-syllabic quatrains and some "innovative tunes" in the respects of theme, structure, and artful representation. This innovation is especially evident in scenic depiction, which saw a breakthrough from the traditional formula of representation in penta-syllabic quatrains. It also explored a deeper level of aesthetic feelings and thereby opened up for later generations new exploration in the genre's potential of representation. Therefore, the significance of Du's experiment must not be underestimated.


: The study tries to answer the question: Do monopolistic firms have a negative effect on the economy of developing countries? By discussing several articles made to a similar topic in the past, we found the index named The Herfindahl-Hirschman Index (HHI) which shows the level of monopoly in the market of the country. Thus, the GDP per capita of the ten developing countries was compared with the HH index, in order to find the correlation between monopoly and the economy of the countries. After the estimation and discussion of the correlation, the finding showed us that the monopolistic market slows down the development of the economy over a long period.


Building a Co-operative Community in Public Housing: The Case of the Atkinson Housing Co-operative. By Jorge Sousa. Toronto, ON: University of Toronto Press, 2013. 272 pp. ISBN 9780802038036.In 1973, amendments were made to the National Housing Act that encouraged collaboration between the Canadian government and nonprofit organizations in the housing sector. More recently, in the face of dwindling government support for public and social housing and an increasing demand for affordable accommodations, the role of the social economy in this sector has come to the fore. Increasingly, co-operative organizations have been recognized as an integral part of the social economy, while groups of residents in public or private housing have, in some cases, made arrangements to assume co-ownership of the properties in which they reside.An illustrative example of this emerging phenomenon is the conversion of the Alexandra Park public housing project in downtown Toronto into the Atkinson Housing Co-operative. Jorge Sousa has diligently captured this transition in Building a Co-operative Community in Public Housing: The Case of the Atkinson Housing Co-operative. The aim of this book, as Sousa explains clearly, is practical: to describe the establishment of the Atkinson Housing Co- operative through an ethnographic lens in order to draw out insights gained in the conversion process. In doing so, Sousa hopes to explain how this case-the first of its kind in Canada-unfolded. He also aims to establish a framework that may be employed to assist other communities in similar circumstances; it is referred to as the Framework for Community-Based Control.The author convincingly argues that the set of principles and policies that govern the work of public housing-which consistently place little faith in the capacity of the residents themselves and aim to cut as many costs as possible- are disempowering for the local population and subvert the processes of community building. As a former resident who was involved in the conversion of Alexandra Park, Sousa explicitly states his belief in the positive ramifications of increasing tenant control over decision-making within public housing.Sousa adapts and synthesizes several community development models and key elements of diverse bodies of academic literature, such as political sociology and co-operative studies, to construct a theoretical lens with which to interpret pivotal events surrounding the conversion. The integration of various theories to describe a complex phenomenon is a clear strength of the book, as is the ability to identify and analyze critical elements that explain the conversion process without getting lost in the details.The two central chapters, which provide an overview of some three decades of the history of Alexandra Park, capture key events linked to the conversion process, as well as the ambiguities that surrounded it. The reader learns, for instance, how Sonny Atkinson, after whom the co-operative was named, rallied the community to tackle the drug problems and security issues that the housing authority seemed to be doing little about. His methods were, however, considered controversial by some. When Atkinson learned of the possibility of converting the housing project into a co-operative, he orchestrated a new focus in the struggle against the housing authority. The outcome, which was finally established in 2003, was a hybrid between the co-operative and public housing models. Generally speaking, the narrative is fairly presented, and challenges are given due attention.The lessons learned are then synthesized and coherently presented. Drawing from its theoretical lens, the book elaborates on the Framework for Community-Based Control and its five components: community assets, building capacity, demonstrating capacity, critical consciousness, and goal attainment. …


Breeding-induced endometritis in horses seems to be down-regulated by certain components in the seminal plasma. These components are most likely some of the proteins in the seminal plasma in the stallion ejaculate, the so-called spermadhesins. This study aimed to recognize these proteins and determine their quantities in different fractions of the ejaculate. Fractionated ejaculates from four stallions were used to determine the presence and amount of proteins by way of size-excluding chromatography. All former known proteins, except two, were recognized in this study. There were no differences among fractions; neither within nor among stallions. Further studies need to be performed in order to study which specific protein or proteins seem to be the most important in down-regulating breeding-induced endometritis. These proteins should in that case be included in the insemination dose.


The "sniffing position" is often advocated as the standard head position for obtaining a good glottic visualization under direct laryngoscopy, but no prospective studies have examined the superiority of this position over simple head extension. This study randomized 225 patients to the sniffing position (SNIFF group; with a cushion under the neck) and 231 to simple head extension (EXT group; without a cushion). Patients were adults scheduled for orthopedic, abdominal, or vascular surgery under general anesthesia. According to the study protocol, direct laryngoscopy (L1) was performed in all patients after induction of anesthesia. Patients then had their head position shifted, from SNIFF to EXT and from EXT to SNIFF, before a second direct laryngoscopy (L2). The first laryngoscopy was used for topical glottic anesthesia and the second for intubation of the trachea. Glottic exposure was assessed by the Cormack scale. The two patient groups were comparable in age, sex, body mass index, and presence or absence of factors predictive of intubation difficulty. Laryngoscopies were possible for all patients, and no intubation was impossible. The incidence of difficult laryngoscopy was 11.4% in the SNIFF group and 10.7% in the EXT group. The two groups were also similar in distribution of Cormack grades. A comparison of the Intubation Difficulty Scale scores showed no important differences between the two groups. Multivariate analysis yielded two factors independently related to good laryngoscopic view when the patient was placed in the sniffing position: limitation of head extension and a body mass index greater than 30. In most of these elective surgery patients, the sniffing position did not seem to be superior to simple head extension for tracheal intubation. But the sniffing position might be advantageous for patients who are obese or who have limited head extension.


This study focuses on using synchrotron x-ray topography to study fully processed silicon wafer lots with varying, though, low average yields. The electrical circuits were fabricated in a mixed-signal complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) process. Synchrotron x-ray section topographs are analysed with image processing software written entirely for this study. The software reduces image data by encoding the relevant factors into curve feature parameters, in order to quantify the strain gradients and defect factors present in the images. This information is then correlated against the integrated circuit process control monitoring (PCM) data and the yield, i.e. the electrical semiconductor process parametric values of the wafers. Several image features extracted from the synchrotron x-ray topographs show a strong correlation with certain PCM parameters, e.g. PMOS transistor threshold voltage, polysilicon sheet resistance and N− contact chain sheet resistance, rather than with others, e.g. NMOS breakdown voltage. A positive correlation between good yield and strong near-surface strain gradient is found.


The 3 talks in this session all deal with aspects of immune response regulation and dysregulation that can be either protective or harmful in brain ischemia. As an introduction to this session, I will review several models of immune response regulation and relate these models to the upcoming talks.1 Under normal circumstances, antigen presenting cells (APCs) such as microglia, macrophages and dendritic cells are in a resting state. In this state, they tend to produce immunomodulatory cytokines such as transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) and interleukin (IL)-10. TGF-β from the APCs and also from existing regulatory T cells (Treg) can induce naive T cells to differentiate into TGF-β secreting Treg cells. IL-10 secreting APCs can induce naive T cells to differentiate into T-regulatory type 1 (Tr1) cells that secrete IL-10 and do not express the transcription factor FoxP3.

The APCs can be provoked by a number of stimuli that include infectious agents, inflammatory mediators, and endogenous ligands. Once activated, the antigen presenting cells are poised to elicit an immune response.

The model for immune response regulation has undergone considerable evolutionary change over the past 40 to 50 years.2 In 1959 Burnet and Medawar proposed a "Self-Non-self Model" for regulation of the immune response in which each lymphocyte was viewed as having a …


The application of new BEM-7H-C flowability improver in HongJing Oil Pipeline is introduced. The discussion on wax removal and lowering fractional drag loss of the pipeline are made. The authors consider that this flowability improver is characterized by anti-repeated heating and anti-shear. With this improver,the benefits can be obtained from its application.


Using a bioassay approach, this paper considers the nitrogen-supplying power of forest floors from examples of the major forest types in interior Alaska. Yield and net N uptake by paper birch seedlings grown in standardized mixtures of quartz sand and forest floor organic matter, and separate incubation estimates of N mineralization and nitrification for the forest floors, were employed to evaluate potential N supply. Black spruce and floodplain white spruce forest floors supplied only one-fifth the amount of N taken up by seedlings growing in other forest floors. Incubation estimates showed these forest floors yielded 4 and 15 times less extractable N, respectively, than the more fertile birch forest floors. In comparison with earlier estimates of P supply from these same forest floors, the upland types showed greater deficiency of N whereas floodplain types showed greater deficiency of P in control of seedling yield. The latter condition is attributed to the highly calcareous nature of the floodplain mi...


This study investigated whether pollen competition favours cross- over self-pollination in Eucalyptus globulus Labill. ssp. globulus. Controlled pollinations with self-pollen, cross-pollen and a mixture of self- and cross-pollen were conducted on three partially self-incompatible trees. The paternity of individual seeds resulting from mixed pollination was determined by isozyme analysis. No evidence for pollen competition was found. Instead, seed paternity reflected the level of self-incompatibility of each tree as determined by separate self- and cross-pollinations. Furthermore, the number of seeds set per capsule following mixed pollination was significantly less than that following cross-pollination in the two least self-compatible trees. These results suggest that both self- and cross-pollen tubes reach ovules following mixed pollination and that a late-acting self-incompatibility mechanism operates to abort a certain proportion of self-penetrated ovules.


From a communication infrastructure theory perspective, this study examined local residents' connections to neighborhood storytellers and its association with community-oriented emotional disclosure, a specific form of neighborhood storytelling, during an emergency event. A sample of 1676 local residents and their Twitter activities were obtained from Twitter's streaming application programming interface (API) during a 2-hour window after the event. A connection was established when the focal user retweeted, commented on, or replied to another user. The results show that scope of connections to residents, community organizations, and mainstream media positively predicted community-oriented disclosure of negative emotions. Scope of connections to residents positively predicted community-oriented disclosure of positive emotions. Scope of connections to local media did not predict community-oriented emotional disclosure.


The present invention relates to an electronic cigarette. The present invention provides an electronic cigarette comprising: an inhalation portion; an atomizer structure; a body including a switch; and a battery, wherein materials such as a natural fiber and a synthetic fiber can be used as a liquid supply medium (wick), and electric power is supplied at a threshold temperature or lower according to a temperature control setting manual of a printed circuit board (PCB) to prevent combustion of the liquid supply medium in order to diversify materials of the liquid supply medium, so that a heating portion is consistently maintained at a set atomizing temperature, thereby limiting an excessive rising of temperature and thus controlling the temperature. Further, the electronic cigarette can be small-sized even while ensuring a sufficient storage space of liquid and can use atomizer structures manufactured by various wick materials according to the temperature setting control of the heating portion.