This technical paper describes the analysis results of telemetry data for the initial activation of star trackers for an agile high accuracy low earth orbit satellite. The satellite was recently launched and is in the Launch and Early Operation Phases. It uses two SED36 star trackers manufactured by SODERN. The star tracker is separated by three parts, an optical head, an electronics box, and a baffle with maintaining optical head base plate temperature 20 degC in order to achieve the better performance in low frequency error. This paper presents the initial activation status, requirements and performance, anomaly occurrence, and noise equivalent angle performance analysis during the mission mode by processing the telemetry data.


The murder of the Ukrainian ataman Symon Petliura  by Sholom Schwartzbard  on May 25, 1926, and his subsequent trial, which ended with the acquittal of the murderer on October 26, 1927, should have resulted in the coming together of the various trends within Jewish society in France, including French Israelites and immigrants. Yet this did not occur, each group viewing the defendant from its own viewpoint. To some, he was a French patriot who had voluntarily enlisted in the First World War and who had killed an ally of the Germans, while to others, he represented the revolutionary Jew, who took revenge for the sufferings of his people. Assertions and silences in Jewish, Yiddish, and French newspapers all underline the lack of mutual understanding between the two communities.


I. A New Colony Variant of Pneumococcus. R colonies of pneumococcus, suitably spaced on blood agar, are allowed to age for 6 to 7 days at 37°C. Under these conditions many of the colonies give rise to a variety of secondary growths including daughter colonies, peripheral excrescences and a peculiar form of localized, marginal outgrowth with a rough, fungoid appearance. These various forms of secondary growth have been observed in some detail and the rough, localized, marginal outgrowth represents an unusual phase of development. When transfers are made from such areas to fresh blood agar plates a new type of colony is produced. Its appearance varies considerably with age, but at all periods of growth is characteristically different from the parent colony. Young colonies (4-8 hours) present an extremely rough and irregular surface with delicate, filamentous edges. With age the surface is coarsely rough with an irregular fimbriated border. At 12-16 hours the surface is slightly convex, but after 24 hours the colonies become flattened. They continue to show an irregular margin and are approximately twice the diameter of the parent R colonies grown under similar conditions. With further ageing the colonies develop an extraordinary, spreading, filamentous type of marginal growth. Stained smears of such colonies show an unusual morphological picture, varying with age, but quite distinctive at all periods of growth. The bacteria consist mostly of plump cocci and cocco-bacilli arranged in long chains. In younger colonies the organisms are almost exclusively Gram positive, but in the older ones there is considerable variation in staining properties. In addition to the plump coccal and cocco-bacillary forms, large numbers of granular elements of various sizes are present, The stages in the development of the marginal outgrowth which produces the new type of colony have been carefully studied.


F.IXBm is giving a prolonged prothrombin time with bovine tissue factor (T.F.). In the present study the inhibitory effect of purified F.IXBm was tested in a F.VII assay that measures the ability of F.VII to activate F.X in the presence of bovine T.F. and Ca++, followed by the quantitation of formed F.Xa by the synthetic substrate benzoyl -L-Ile-Glu-Gly-L-Arg-p-nitroanilide. Experiments were carried out with different concentrations of F.IXBm and F.X, keeping the concentrations of F.VII and bovine T.F. constant. Lineweaver-Burk plot of the data showed that all the curves crossed the l/V axis in one point - no inhibition by F.IXBm at infinite concentratlons of F.X. Thus, F.IXBm acts as competitive in inhibitor to F.X in the activation of F.X by F.VII and bovine T.F. By plotting the 1/V against the inhibitor concentrations (F.IXBm conc), a Dixon plot, the Ki for F.IXBm was determined to be 0.017 μM. Normal F.IX was also found to be a competitive inhibitor to F.X but 4-5 times higher concentrations of F.IX were needed to give the same inhibition as F.IXBm. Utilizing human T.F. instead of bovine T.F. in this assay resulted in no significant inhibition by either F.IX of F.IXBm.


Abstract— The P700 chlorophyll a‐protein complex (CPI) isolated from green plants was oriented in aqueous solutions using pulsed electric fields of up to 6700 V cm‐1. The electric linear dichroism spectrum is reported in the range of 400–720nm. Positive peaks in the linear dichroism ΔA=AI‐ A1 (where AI and A1 are the absorbance components in which the polarizer orientation is parallel and perpendicular with respect to the electric field. respectively) are observed at 443 and 686 nm. The ΔA signal at 686 nm is discussed in terms of either a specialized chlorophyll form absorbing at 686 nm. or due to an exciton component absorbing at the same wavelength.


A fully self-consistent procedure for obtaining the electronic structure of the superconductor CeCoIn 5 is carried out by means of a local-density approximation potential within the augmented plane-wave framework. The results show that the electronic dynamic is fundamentally governed by the 4f states of Ce and 3d of Co which are close to E F . In addition, the weak hybridization between the states in the Celn layer and the subsystem CoIn 4 may imply a two dimensional structure which can serve as a scenario for a square Kondo/ Ruderman-Kittel-Kasuya-Yosida lattice.


Approximately ninety percent of all serious offenses reported in the United States involve property theft.' Crimes against property were estimated to occur every three seconds in 19782 and to cost American consumers as much as $20.3 billion annually.3 Despite the damaging effect of such crimes on the community, fewer than twenty percent of the known incidents are cleared by arrest.4 There have been two major law enforcement responses to the problem of property theft. The traditional approach is aimed at arrest and prosecution of the thief. Recently, this approach has been supplemented by increased concentration on the thief's immediate market for his products, the fence.5 Even the combination of these two approaches, however, has had little noticeable effect on the incidence of property theft. This failure is attributable to a number of factors, the most obvious of which is the difficulty of apprehending and prosecuting thieves and fences. Conviction of thieves is difficult, in part because a


Different than the earlier part of the Qing,social relief takes on special features towards the needy groups of widows,the childless,handicapped and diseased in the later of Qing.The private-funded and western missionary-based social relief overshadows the government-funded work.Furthermore,ways also change,namely,what is the traditional provision turns to combination of provision,education,and work altogether.


Intermittent pneumatic leg compressions (IPC) have proven to be an effective approach to treat patients with intermittent claudication but the mechanistic basis behind the clinical benefits remains elusive. In the present study we examined the impact of a single session of IPC (150 min) on skeletal muscle (tibialis anterior) and isolated collateral artery (perforating artery) expression of genes involved in vascular remodeling in rats that had undergone bilateral ligation of the femoral artery. We also compared the effects of two compression frequencies (12 vs. 3 cycles/min) on the expression of these factors. In ligated rats high frequency IPC evoked an increase in MCP‐1 (p<0.01) and CXCL1 mRNA (p<0.01) in the muscle accompanied by an increase in immunostaining of MCP‐1 and VEGF. Further, collateral arteries from these animals showed an increased expression of MCP‐1 (~2 fold, p=0.02). These effects were mostly evident in the group exposed to high frequency protocol (12 cycles/min). In contrast, in sham‐operated animals high frequency IPC evoked a modest up‐regulation of VEGF (p=0.01), MCP‐1 (p=0.02) and CXCL1 (p=0.03) mRNA in the muscle without concomitant changes in protein levels. In conclusion, high‐frequency IPC acutely up‐regulates the expression of factors involved in vascular remodeling in the compressed muscle and collateral arteries in a model of hindlimb ischemia. Support: NIH RR‐18276, HL‐36088


In this paper, the existing IC developments (Bazes operational amplifier with an automatic set of modal current, current feedback operational amplifier (CFA), a two-channel operational amplifier with an accurate combination of AFC areas of low and high-frequency channels) from the standpoint of synergistic effect is analyzed. New architectural, structural and circuit solutions to improve the accuracy, speed and radiation characteristics with the help of directional formation of synergistic effect (SE) proposed by the authors are also considered. A number of criteria to ensure future product improvement compared to commercially available are presented.


Let $(a, b, c)$
 be a primitive Pythagorean triple satisfying ${a}^{2} + {b}^{2} = {c}^{2} . $
 In 1956, Jeśmanowicz conjectured that for any given positive integer $n$
 the only solution of $\mathop{(an)}\nolimits ^{x} + \mathop{(bn)}\nolimits ^{y} = \mathop{(cn)}\nolimits ^{z} $
 in positive integers is $x= y= z= 2. $
 In this paper, for the primitive Pythagorean triple $(a, b, c)= (4{k}^{2} - 1, 4k, 4{k}^{2} + 1)$
 with $k= {2}^{s} $
 for some positive integer $s\geq 0$
 , we prove the conjecture when $n\gt 1$
 and certain divisibility conditions are satisfied.


This PhD project, which is in the state of the art phase, is about the impact of block-based programming. A review of scientific publications related to block-based programming and the different technologies used has been carried out. After a detailed analysis of the literature, its impact on learning programming and its characteristics, we will do a block-based programming development. This development will be done with multi-contact tables, because in classrooms are using these collaborative methodologies but there are no tools to use.


On the basis of this series it is felt that patients with severe respiratory paralysis can be given the benefits of reconstructive surgery without greater risk than is now thought suitable. It is our opinion that the techniques used in this surgery may be used in the treatment of other diseases, such as paralysis resulting from cervical-spine injury. Probably most important in our work has been the use of these techniques in procedures which result in considerable chest splinting and depressed respiration. We are impressed with the easier course of the patient following such procedures as thoracic-spine fusion when a respirator is used postoperatively, even if this equipment is not absolutely essential for the maintenance of life. Much to our surprise, the patients with the lower vital capacities have, as a whole, tolerated the procedures better than the patients with the higher vital capacities for whom respiratory equipment was not felt to be necessary. It is our opinion that the advisability of using mechanical respiratory aids in operations upon patients with decreased breathing function will come to be generally recognized, just as we now recognize the need to provide blood replacement during surgery rather than waiting until shock has occurred. The respirator which originally saved the patient's life now permits this patient to be operated upon.


Aims: Deleted in liver cancer 1 (DLC1), a member of RhoGTPase activating protein (GAP) family, is known to have suppressive activities in tumorigenicity and cancer metastasis. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms of how DLC1 suppresses cell motility have not been fully elucidated. Rho-kinase (ROCK) is an immediate down-stream effector of RhoA in mediating cellular cytoskeletal events and cell motility. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the effects of DLC1 on Rho/ROCK signaling pathway in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Methodology/Principal Findings: We demonstrated that DLC1 negatively regulated ROCK-dependent actomyosin contractility. From immumofluorescence study, we found that ectopic expression of DLC1 abrogated Rho/ROCK-mediated cytoskeletal reorganization including formation of stress fibers and focal adhesions. It also downregulated cortical phosphorylation of myosin light chain 2 (MLC2). These inhibitory events by DLC1 were RhoGAP-dependent, as RhoGAPdeficient mutant of DLC1 (DLC1 K714E) abolished these inhibitory events. In addition, from western study, DLC1 inhibited ROCK-related myosin light chain phosphatase targeting unit 1 (MYPT1) phosphorylation at Threonine 853. By examining cell morphology under microscope, we found that ectopic expression of dominant-active ROCK released cells from DLC1induced cytoskeletal collapse and cell shrinkage. Conclusion: Our data suggest that DLC1 negatively regulates Rho/ROCK/MLC2. This implicates a ROCK-mediated pathway of DLC1 in suppressing metastasis of HCC cells and enriches our understanding in the molecular mechanisms involved in the progression of hepatocellular carcinoma. Citation: Wong CC-L, Wong C-M, Ko FC-F, Chan L-K, Ching Y-P, et al. (2008) Deleted in Liver Cancer 1 (DLC1) Negatively Regulates Rho/ROCK/MLC Pathway in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. PLoS ONE 3(7): e2779. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0002779 Editor: Neil Hotchin, University of Birmingham, United Kingdom Received April 20, 2008; Accepted June 30, 2008; Published July 23, 2008 Copyright: 2008 Wong et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Funding: The study was funded by Hong Kong Research Grants Council (HKU 7436/04M), RGC Collaborative Reseaarch Fund (HKU 1/06C), Michael and Betty Kadoorie Cancer Genetics Research Program 2004. I.O.L. Ng is Loke Yew Professor in Pathology. Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist. * E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com


A differential mixing technique is described whereby the Doppler shift of light reflected from a shock wave can be measured in the laboratory. Results are given for the application of the technique to shock waves produced in a conventional pressure‐driven shock tube, and it is found that measurements of shock wave velocity can be performed with a spatial resolution ∼10−5 m, and of shock wave curvature with a resolution up to 10−1 m−1. Deliberate optimization of the various design parameters involved is expected to improve the sensitivity of either of these measurements by about an order‐of‐magnitude.


An analytical model based on the clamped plate theory has been used to design the Bimorph pMUT (i.e. frequency). This model gives a good prediction of the experimental frequency of the 5-layers pMUT plate resonance. Our calculation show that central electrodes need to cover 58% and 33% of the membrane surface for a long rectangular and circular membrane respectively to achieve optimal coupling. The electromechanical coupling coefficient (k) and quality factor (Q) were measured as k=4.4% and Q=145 in air for a low frequency transducer (250 kHz). d. The 17 MHz version yielded values of Q=25 and k=3%..


The structure and working principle of serial-connection 3-chamber PZT pump was introduced, and the output performance of the PZT pump was analyzed under different working modes. The pump was tested, respectively, first with each of the three actuators at different location being actuated solely, and then with random two of the three actuators at different location being actuated (in anti-phase) synchronously. The test results show that changing the driving strategy can change the output performance of the piezoelectric pump, with the structural parameters, working parameters and connection Strategy determined. At a voltage of 150 V, the maximal flowrate and optimal working frequencies for the pump under working mode of left, middle, right chambers actuated solely are 9/7.5/11 ml/min and 260/380/720 Hz respectively. The maximal flowrate and the optimal working frequency for the pump under working mode of left and middle chambers/middle and right chambers actuated synchronously are 17/28 ml/min and 460/600 Hz respectively.


Moderate-resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) is regarded as the important detection instrument onboard the TERRA and AQUA satellites, and its data is multi-spectral. Compared with NOAA-AVHRR and other Landsats, besides more frequently it transits, more extensive area with lower cost, MODIS has higher spatial resolution and spectral resolution. These characteristics are helpful to recognize and real-time monitor the type of surface. Based on the character of MODIS data, this paper focuses on the research of marine oil slick classification. Firstly, obtain each band data of oil slick area to create oil slick characteristic vector and spectral library, secondly, set up the threshold according to the spectral library, finally, classify the oil slick area. Because of the different character of oil slick area in each band and the distortion at random, this paper researches the problem of band selection. The experimental results show that the proposed method has well effect on marine oil slick area classification.


Boundary layer flow measurement is one of the most important as well as a daunting task when it comes to various critical applications involving intensive fluid dynamics like measuring the flow ove ...


This study aims to analyse aspects related to the lack of investigation of foetal and infant deaths in the Valley of the Jequitinhonha in the state of Minas Gerais. This is an ecological study whose unit of analysis were the 33 municipalities in the Extended Jequitinhonha Health Region. A questionnaire was applied to a member of the Child and Foetal Death Prevention Committee of each municipality. The questions dealt with the committees' structure, mechanisms of infant death investigation, difficulties related to the investigation of deaths, and avoidable criteria between 2007 and 2012. A descriptive analysis with simple frequencies aiming at profiling the studied municipalities was performed. Of the 598 infant and 477 foetal deaths registered, only 22.2% and 18.4%, respectively, were investigated. The researchers detected that infrastructure, technical, operational and policy issues interfered with the investigation. Although required by law, the investigation over child and foetal deaths is deficient. This led to a large number of deaths being left uninvestigated. Such situation may hinder programmes for the reduction of infant and foetal mortality and the quality of childcare.


Objective To increase awareness and understanding of the putative role of streptococcal infection in the development of neuropsychiatric disorders in children and to discuss therapeutic options in this group of patients.


The nature of entrepreneurship in a marketizing economy will be affected not only by personal and socioeconomic characteristics, but also by the extent of legal development and financial repression. Many developing countries have underdeveloped legal and credit systems that can impede self-employment. Since China is an economy characterized by legal and institutional imperfections as well as underdeveloped financial markets, its growing and important nonstate sector poses a puzzle. This article tests whether such institutional constraints have affected the development of entrepreneurship in China, with implications for other countries in the process of liberalization. After examining the impact of legal and financial development, improvements in the legal system are found to lead to greater entrepreneurship, while financial repression is not a significant factor. Legal protection increases protection of property rights that can promote self-employment, while start-up money is often obtained from informal avenues such that financial repression is not a deterrent for starting a business, though it may be more important in the later stages of business expansion.


For the last few decades, Northern populations have been exposed to elevated levels of Northern contaminants (NC) such as polychlorinated biphenyls and heavy metals, mainly through consumption of contaminated fish and marine mammals. Along with this, there has also been an increased prevalence of obesity, hypertension, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease. Although changes in lifestyle and diets have been associated with this prevalence of chronic diseases, it remains to be clarified if exposure to NC also plays a part, and if lifestyles choices such as consumption of alcohol may modulate the effects of NC.
 This study explored these questions using a rodent model of human metabolic and cardiovascular diseases.
 Obese male JCR rats at 8 weeks of age were acclimatized on a purified AIN93G diet. Animals were treated with 10% alcohol in drinking water or drinking water only for 6 weeks. From the third week of alcohol treatment, animals were orally dosed with a mixture of 23 NC (NCM) at 0 (corn oil), 1.6, or 16 mg/kg BW/day for 4 weeks. During the whole study, body weight and water/alcohol consumption were measured daily. Food consumption was measured weekly. Blood and organs were collected and weighed at the end of the study. Tissue samples were analyzed for hematology and serum NCMs, glucose, insulin, and ethanol levels, as well as clinical biochemistry markers.
 Serum NCM levels increased with NCM dose, and were mostly in the range of NCM levels found in Inuit blood. Serum NCM levels were generally lower in the rats treated with alcohol than those without. NCM at 16 mg/kg BW slightly decreased body weight gain and water and food consumption especially in the rats given no alcohol. Regardless of alcohol, this dose of NCM significantly increased absolute and relative liver weight, relative kidney weight, and serum C-reactive protein and ethanol levels. NCM also decreased serum paraoxonase-1, insulin, cholesterol, triglyceride, HDL, and LDL levels.
 Our data suggested that NCM at levels relevant to human exposure may alter lipid metabolism and/or transport in the liver, insulin secretion from the pancreas, and circulating cardiovascular health markers.

 This research was supported by Canadian Institute of Health Research, Postdoctoral Fellowship No 200910-JHF-214255.


Relations between Japan, China and South Korea continue to be influenced by differing views of history. These diverse perceptions persist in part because of the different ways in which historical events are taught in each country. In 2005, however, a common history teaching resource, 'History to Open the Future — the modern history of Japan, China and South Korea', was published almost simultaneously in each of the three countries. This article, from one of the co-authors, elaborates on the rationale for the book, the process by which it came about, and the impact that the book has had on historical understanding among teachers, students and the general public.


Abstract This paper describes an electrochemical method for the preparation of 57Co source to be used in quality evaluation of nuclear fuel rods. The electrolytic cell, the experimental set up used and the process of deposition are described. The effect of various parameters such as pH of the electrolyte, bath temperature, current density, content of cobalt in the bath, electrolyte volume in the cell and deposition time were investigated and optimized for maximum deposition. The texture and morphology of the electrodeposited samples were examined by X-ray diffraction (XRD), SEM and EDS analyses. Sources containing ∼370 MBq (10 mCi) 57Co on a circular copper foil of 4 mm diameter could be prepared and encapsulated in an aluminum capsule. Quality assurance tests performed to ensure non-leachability, uniform distribution of activity and stability of the sources gave satisfactory results.


The Authors report the incidence of local relapsing in a group of 362 patients who underwent Patey's mastectomy from 1974 to 1985. The overall incidence was 9.6%. The predictive factors of major value were: presence of lymph node metastases, primary tumor size and grading.


The authors took advantage of marked changes in transport costs--in petrol in 1974, in rail fares in 1975/76--to examine their effects on the patterns of commuting. They were particularly interested in substitution to public transport effects of increased petrol prices from the viewpoint of their wider study of energy consumption in surface passenger transport. The paper describes the data collection procedures in the study area and the monitoring data collected over two seasons, autumn to spring, 1974/75 and 1975/76. Its major findings include a significant temporary increase in rail commuting in 1974 with a real increase of some 70 percent in the pump price of petrol, and travel decision evidence that a substantial majority of relatively new rail commuters had decided to commute by rail for more complex reasons than simple comparison of the time and money costs of travel by alternative travel modes. The monitoring data are also compared with those for rail commuting in the Merseyside conurbation as a whole. Factors which might have affected the monitoring data are examined, also the sensitivity of demand for rail commuting to increased out-of-pocket private transport costs, qualified estimates of cross-elasticities are presented. The study findings are discussed.


the recent five decades, magnetic hard disk drives have been playing an important role in the development of digital technology. The increasing areal density has provided a lot of challenges for the hard disk drive servo control. During the HDD servos, one of the most important parts is servo pattern which is utilized to generate position feedback signals. Thus, the accuracy and precision of servo patterns written by servo track writing process must be emphasized in order to increase the storage density. The concentric self-servo track writing has been proposed to improve the quality of servo patterns and save the cost of servo track writing. In this paper, we offer a tutorial on the control design of the self-servo track writing process. Besides, this paper presents two novel controller synthesis methodologies for performing concentric self-servo track using a feedforward control structure. In the first methodology, it is assumed that a conventional track-following causal controller has been designed and a non-causal feedforward controller, which utilizes the stored error signal from writing the previous track, is designed using standard H ∞ control synthesis techniques, in order to prevent the track errors from previous tracks from propagating and achieve good disturbance attenuation. In the second methodology, both the track-following feedback controller and the feedforward controller are simultaneously designed via a mixed H 2 /H ∞ control scheme, which involves the solution of a set of linear matrix inequalities and achieves good disturbance attenuation while preventing the propagation of track errors from the previous tracks. Simulation results confirm that the two proposed control synthesis methodologies prevent error propagation from the previously written tracks and significantly improve self-servo track writing performance.


We are given a graph G = (V, E) and k " commodities ". Each commodity i has a source s i and a destination t i. The goal is to find an (s i , t i) path in the graph G for every commodity i, while minimizing the maximum congestion along any edge. The latter can be written formally as Minimize congestion C = max e |{i : P i e}|, where P i is the (s i , t i) path of commodity i and e is an edge. It can be noted that this problem is similar to a network flow problem. But it is not a network flow problem because for each commodity i, we need to have a single path between s i and t i. We cannot have the flow splitting along multiple branches. This problem is an NP-hard problem. So we will solve it by formulating it as an ILP problem, relaxing it to an LP problem, solving the LP, and rounding the solution to an ILP solution. Note that the actual objective function which is in a min-max form is not linear. So, we employ a trick of introducing a new variable t. We introduce the constraint (13.1.2) that congestion on any edge ≤ t, and so all we need to do now is minimze t, which is equivalent to minimizing the maximum congestion. The constaint 13.1.1 makes sure that we select exactly one path for each commodity. The problem with this ILP formulation is that we can have an exponential number of paths between s i and t i (for example, in a completely connected graph). So even if we relax it to an LP problem,


In the field of traffic management, the development of traffic information technology has provided the technical support for intelligent transportation systems (ITS) and has become an important means to the traffic manager, which does improve the government's administrative ability. This paper will analyze the intelligent transportation development mode of some representative cities in China on the basis of the necessity of research of intelligent transportation system based on the public service of the big cities in China, such as Peking, Shanghai and Guangzhou through the method of systematic analysis, and advance some research methods for the big cities, and offer reference for the development of ITS in big cities in China.


User-generated content is the backbone of any social networking site (SNS) and an important pillar of many business models online. While there is a growing body of research on self-disclosure on SNSs, existing insights remain scattered. To fill this gap, we undertake a systematic literature review by examining 50 studies to identify the factors behind self-disclosure on SNSs. We find that social exchange theory and its extension 'privacy calculus' represent a dominant theoretical perspective. Hence, we focus on perceived benefits and costs, as well as cost-mitigating factors as main areas of our investigation. Since personality traits are commonly controlled for or studied within the context of SNS disclosure, we additionally include an exploration of this factor group into our review.


OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the differences in burnout, empathy, and perceived stress between genders in 3rd-year medical students.METHODS:This is an IRB-approved, cross-sectional study of 657 3rd-year medical students who attended medical school from 2008 to 2014. Students responded to a Learning Environ


Abstract : This thesis will examine the linkage between the lack of a comprehensive plan for war termination and strategic communications in Iraq before, during, and following Operation Desert Storm and the Al-Qaeda terrorist attacks on September 11, 2001, against the World Trade Center and the Pentagon. This is meant as a historic case study and cause and effect analysis to demonstrate to future campaign planners the criticality in considering the numerous echelons of effects a major theater military operation can inflict and examine methods for how those effects can be mitigated early on within the planning of an operation.


In this paper, we introduce wire-frame based digital fabrication method for room sized objects such using joints and poles. The user can create virtual 3D model of the room size object by connecting physical joint modules with poles. We propose a method to both recognize the connection and calculate the position of the joints by using only 9-axis inertial measurement unit (IMU). The user can make arbitory joints such as existing or 3D printed joints into fabrication tools by attaching the IMU. We observed that the user could make virtual models of room sized objects with our system.


A survey of 43 peach orchards was conducted to determine the nature and extent of nutritional disorders in the soils and plants. The soils were generally alkaline in reaction, non-saline, low in organic matter and loamy sand to sandy loam in texture. With depth the organic matter had a tendency to decrease while other soil characteristics did not vary much. Available P, Zn, S and Cu were below their respective critical leaves in about 41, 36, 16 and 5 per cent of the surface samples, the values for deeper layers being much higher. The leaf analysis revealed the prevalence of the deficiencies of N, K and S in 24, 21 and 24 per cent samples respectively. Besides these deficiencies, the hidden hunger of N, K, S, Ca, Zn, Mn and P in 74, 63, 44, 30,18, 18 and 8 per cent of samples was also observed. There seems to be no agreement between the soil test results and the leaf analysis for diagnosing the nutritional disorders in the peach orchards.


Automotive air filter group (10), a box body in which at least one air inlet opening and an air outlet opening is provided (11), and a filter element installed in the interior, the air outlet opening, the box the configured externally to receive a filter element, the filter element includes a seal (16) on the end side, the sealing is provided a frame which is at least partially disposed in the edge of the air outlet opening, a box body filter element to be fixed, the filter element is maintained in position by compressing directly by the transport member exit of clean air. Also, a filter group portion of the box body is formed by a molding surface which functions as a look protective member (12). Also, a filter wall having the form of a substantially parallelepiped filtering wall comprising at least one folding paper handkerchief (21), folded into the first and second layers opposite itself together (22, 23), each layer exhibits a composed wave shape of a plurality of pleated.


This paper will take into account six important factors which cause the outbreak of violence and terrorism in Pakistan and the question of successes and failures of counter terrorism strategy. First, inter and intrasectarian conflict; second, growing militancy in younger generation; third, the role of autonomous and secessionist groups particularly in Baluchistan; fourth, army's bewildered approach on dealing with the threat of terror; fifth, media's role in curbing the incidents of terrorism and finally, the level of awareness or the lack of awareness which exists in Pakistan on the growing power of non-state actors who are in present circumstances responsible for the bulk of violent and terrorist acts in the country. [R, abr.]


Yield response of sugar beet to P rates (30 and 45 kg P 2 O 5 /fed), N rates (60 and 90 kg N/fed) and timing of N application viz., all amount 0f N at sowing, split application in two equal doses, at sowing and at thinning or in three equal doses 1/3 at sowing + 1/3 at thinning + 1/3 one month after thinning. The main results obtained from this study revealed that: Application rates.


In past few years there is a huge development in the field of broadband access technologies. Now a days user demands a network which provides high data rate with better flexibility at relatively lower cost. The FiWi network is one the such networks which provides broadband services with high bandwidth and flexibility at low cost. The main parameters considered under FiWi networks are Survivability, ONU Placement and Energy Saving. The present work focuses on survivability of an FiWi network and also presents an efficient solution for such problem.


Objective To determine the serum Vitamin D status in Shanghai population and investigate its correlation with bone mineral density(BMD)by studying 452 unrelated healthy adults.Methods The serum 25OHD level of all participants(389 women and 63 men)was measured by competitive radioimmunoassay from January to April 2010.Simultaneously,their BMD of lumbar spine 1-4(L1-4)and hip sites were measured by Dual-energy X-ray energy absorptiometry(DXA).Serum vitamin D status was classified into 4 groups according to its serum 25OHD levels,severe deficiency(10 ng/mL),deficiency(≥10-20 ng/mL),insufficiency(≥20-30 ng/mL)and sufficiency(≥30 ng/mL),The participants were divided into 3 age groups,50 years group,≥50 and 70 years group and ≥70 years group.Results Among the 389 females,the prevalence of vitamin D severe deficiency,deficiency,insufficiency and sufficiency were 83 cases(21.3%),200 cases(51.4%),70 cases(18.0%)and 36 cases(9.3%),respectively.The BMD of femoral neck was significantly lower in the vitamin D severe deficiency subgroup than in the vitamin D deficiency subgroup([0.694±0.112] g/cm2 vs.[0.732±0.128] g/cm2,P=0.020).But there was no significant difference in the BMD values of L1-4,greater trochanter,intertrochanter or hip(P0.05)The serum 25OHD level was lower in the subjects aged from 50 to 69 years than in those aged ≥70 years group([16.88±12.65] ng/mL vs.[20.02±16.37] ng/mL,P=0.033).The BMD at L1-4 and hip were significantly higher in ≥50 and 70 years group than in ≥70 years group(P0.05).With the increase of age,the BMD values of femur,neck trochanter,intertrochanter and total hip were gradually decreased,with significant difference among different age groups(P0.01).In the 63 males,the prevalence of vitamin D severe deficiency,deficiency,insufficiency and sufficiency were 13 cases(20.6%),32 cases(50.8%),11 cases(17.5%),and 7 cases(11.1%),respectively.There was no significant difference in BMD values at L1-4,neck femur,neck trochanter,intertrochanter or total hip among them(P0.05).The L1-4 BMD was higher in the ≥70 years group than in the subjects aged from 50 to 69 years([1.079±0.316] g/cm2 vs.[0.977±0.152] g/cm2,P=0.041).Conclusion Vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency is a quite serious problem in Shanghai healthy adults.There is no evidence that the serum 25OHD level is associated with BMD.A large sample study is needed for the correlation of vitamin D status with osteoporosis and osteoporotic fracture in the future.


(40-x)BaOㆍxFe₂O₃ㆍ60P₂O? glasses with 5≤x≤35 mol% were investigated by ESR spectroscopy. Two resonances observed near g=2.0 and g=4.3. The line at g=4.3 disappeared with the increase of the Fe₂O₃ content. The resonance at g?2.0 displayed characteristic signal consisting of superposed extremely broad and narrow components. The broader one indicates the presence of the association of two or more Fe 3+ ions, antiferromagnetically and the narrow one is related to the microclusters involving iron ions. Temperature dependence of the ESR integrated intensity revealed short-range antiferromagnetic character for x≥15 mol%.


Hybrid electric vehicles(HEV) are usually powered by two different energy sources.Typically,those are equipped with an internal combustion engine and a bank of batteries.In a given driving cycle,it is important to minimize the total fuel consumption by properly sharing the instantaneous power between the two energy sources.This problem is solved by using the improved dynamic programming(IDP) algorithm.Simulation results from PSATv6.1 indicate that this algorithm helps saving fuel consumption more than the Thermostat approach.In the operation,this algorithm requires smaller memory capacity and reduces the operation time to 28.47% of the unimproved dynamic programming algorithm.


On the basis of hydrogeology,environmental geological survey and water sampling test,water environmental pollution classification in coal concentrated mining area of Longtan formation,Permian in Guizhou is studied,the study shows the pollution source in the target area can be divided into 3 types: sewer drainage in coalmine,water overflow in goaf and leachate of dump and coal yard,the drainage pattern,pollution method and pollution degree of each pollution type are analysed detailed,the preventions are carried out,this study affords scientific accordance for water pollution prevention in coal concentrated mining area in Guizhou.


Small microorganisms are colonised in various sites of human body including urinary tract. Although they could not be determined by standard culture techniques, up-to-date it has been suspected that urinary system is not out of any microorganisms. Simply, total of these microorganisms form urinary microbiome. Contribution to well being of tract or cause of diseases and which microorganisms play the role are questions to be answered. Bladder cancer recurrence, prostate cancer ethiology, relationship with renal Stones, chronic pelvic pain, bladder pain, urinary incontinence are most studied subjects about urinary microbiome to detect targeted therapies, explore protective therapeutic strategies or find new biomarkers. influence in microbiome [1-3]. Human microbiome Project (HMP) was started by National Institute of Health in 2008 to determine all the microbial genome sequences and to define its role in someones health and disease. From 5 different sites of human body, samples were studied: nasal passages, oral cavity, skin, gastrointestinal tract, and urogenital tract. The HMP is extracting 16S rRNA and making metagenomic sequencing to determine microbiome. 16S rRNA is like a fingerprint for bacterials metogenomes. Therefore 16S rRNA is the most specific part of bacterial genom, which is used in protein synthesis [4]. Methodology Studying Urine Samples To study urine samples 16S rRNA extraction is the most common way. The Ibis T-5000 Universal Biosensor technoloy, which uses PCR, electrospray ionization (ESI), time of flight (TOF) and mass spectrometer (MS) in general. First DNAs were amplified by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The amplicons revealed by PCR were weighed by electrospray ionization (ESI), time of flight (TOF) and mass spectrometer (MS) to determine the molecular mass. Every molecular mass consists of a combination of four nucleotides (A,C,G,T). The genomic species were identified through the database, which containes bacterial, fungal species sequences. In laboratory phase all urine samples were divided to 3 ml parts and centrifuged at 10000 rpm by 3 minutes, supernatant was removed and the pellets nucleic acid sample was revealed by Tissues kits. Then each sample was amplified by PCR. REsEaRcH aRticlE


Despite evidence that killing of Bornean Orangutan (Pongo pygmaeus) in South‐East Asia is a major threat to the species, few researchers and non‐governmental conservationists have addressed it in management and research, and there is virtually no implementation of anti‐killing strategies. In large parts of the Congo Basin, Central Africa, instead, illegal killing of great apes is acknowledged to be their largest threat, and many conservation strategies have been used to reduce killing pressure. However, since these strategies have not been subject to systematic and comprehensive review, it remains unclear which of them have been successful and why. Knowledge of the success, failure, and practices of common conservation strategies to manage great ape killing is critical to ensure adaptive conservation management in the Congo Basin. Understanding the Congo context also facilitates simultaneously highlighting great ape killing in Borneo and suggesting solutions to manage orangutan killing. Here, we compile and analyze the available literature on great ape conservation strategies for reducing killing rates in the Congo Basin. Through a systematic literature review of 198 publications, we find that the most widely employed conservation strategies in the Congo Basin are legislation and law enforcement, protected area management, community‐based conservation, alternatives to bushmeat consumption and trade, ecotourism, education, and capacity building. Despite lack of rigorous post‐intervention evaluation of conservation impact, we derive several recommendations for addressing the orangutan killing issue in Borneo. A critical lesson, widely applicable to developing countries for conservationists and not limited to Congo Basin realities, is the need for rigorous post‐intervention evaluations compared to pre‐intervention baselines and over appropriate time frames. Am. J. Primatol. 78:669–678, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.


The non-interferometric phase recovery method which is based on the transport of intensity equation is an important phase acquisition technique in microscopy imaging. In the actual operational process of this technology, at least three intensity images are needed to solve the equation. In the image acquisition process, the selection of the focused image is very important, but it is usually determined by subjective methods, thus causing inaccurate positioning of the in-focus, which further affects the precision of phase recovery result. A phase recovery algorithm based on edge detection and duty ratio is proposed. Firstly, a series of 'subjectively determined focused images' collected by the microscope are edge-extracted to obtain corresponding edge information points. Then the real in-focus position is found by calculating the duty ratio, and the corresponding defocused images are selected according to the position of the focused image. Finally, the high-precision phase recovery result is obtained by using these images of the accurate position to solve the equation. The algorithm does not require complex operations such as hardware modifications and can be applied to both discrete and continuous sample distributions. The experimental results effectively prove that the algorithm can accurately find the in-focus position, which improves the accuracy of phase recovery compared with the traditional method that is subjectively determined in-focus image position.


The article examines information about the relations between the peoples of Central Asia and China in the VII-X centuries on Chinese written sources. The works of the Sui Dynasty, Tang Dynasty and the Wu-dai era are mainly taken, but in addition to them, information from other chronicles that were created later is also given. When working on the article, was used the chronological method of compiling a list of sources. It is also possible to change the order in cases where the sources of the type of information complement each other. Each essay begins with the title and its translation from the Chinese language. Next, information about the author, the time of compilation and other data is given. Information about the relations between the peoples of Central Asia and China is transmitted in chronological order. One of the fundamental concepts of historical science is the "historical source". In the literal sense, the word "source" means a spring, a key, in the figurative sense-that which gives rise to something, serves as the basis for something. Indeed, every study of topics and problems of the distant or recent past begins with the identification, study and use of historical sources and is based on them.


The National Home Care Policy (NHCP) has defined three levels of home care (HC), recognizing the first level (HC1) as responsibility of Primary Health Care (PHC) teams. Throughout history, the legislation has gone through major changes and this policy is the enhancement of primary care services as a privileged source of care, accounting for most of the HC in Brazil. The HC should be done under specific eligibility criteria, and proper planning. The Home Visit (HV) is a unique moment for the knowledge of the context of the person under HC and should be guided by active observation, family approach and recognition of social determinants. It is therefore necessary the visiting health professional to have a roll of well-defined professional skills, which are generally not included in undergraduate health courses, and insufficient in graduate courses. The NHCP represented a step forward in recognizing the PHC as responsible for HC1 in an increasing continuing care sense, but the gaps in the relationship between HC and PHC teams, the insufficient vocational training, and overhead tasks remain. This study presents a critical analysis of the implementation of the NHCP to date, based on current legislation confronted to the practice of PHC teams working in the Unified Health System.


Potentialities were studied with respect to using 4-methylhydropyrane as well as mint and castor oils for the synthesis of low-molecular insect bioregulators and the creation of biologically active preparations for beekeeping basing on synthetically obtained metabolites of the honeybee (Apis mellifera L.).


1Department of Medicine, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University Medical Center Giessen and Marburg, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Germany, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Marburg, Germany; 2Clinical Research Institute of Southern Oregon, Medford, OR, USA; 3GSK, Brentford, Middlesex, UK (at the time of the study), RAMAX Ltd, Bramhall, Cheshire, UK; 4Precise Approach Ltd, contingent worker on assignment at GSK, Stockley Park West, Uxbridge, Middlesex, UK; 5Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden; 6Centre de Pneumologie, Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada; 7GSK, Brentford, Middlesex, UK; 8Respiratory Clinical Sciences, GSK, Collegeville, PA, USA and Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA


Pitutary adenomas are one of the commonest tumors of seller region of which prolactinomas and non- functioning adenomas predominate. The usual presentation are symptoms of endocrine dysfunction and mass effects. We present a case report of 37 year old male presenting with frontal headache and vomiting. Clinical observations revealed frontal bossing with enlarged hands and feet which arose a suspicion of Acromegaly. Investigations revealed elevated IGF 1 (insulin like growth factor) and growth hormone levels. Magnetic resonance image of the brain were done which showed pituitary adenoma. This case highlights the importance of clinical examination and the treating physician must have high clinical index of suspicion to detect endocrine dysfunction and use the modern techniques like stereotactic radio surgery (SRS).


Moment arms of muscles at the knee joint during internal/external rotation and flexion/extension were measured throughout the range of motion for normal knees and knees with the anterior cruciate ligament resected. 17 cadaver specimens were studied and moment arms were derived using the tendon excursion method.


A two-stage gravity-based model is used to explain cattle and beef bilateral trade flows between 42 countries. The model parameters are estimated using a double-hurdle model with a multivariate sample selection procedure. The parameter estimates are used to simulate probabilities of new trade flows and the increase in existing trade flows following reductions in import tariffs, export subsidies and domestic support. The results show that adjustments in beef exports occur at both the extensive and intensive margins. Full liberalisation would entail adjustments in the extensive margins for developing economies that are about six-fold the adjustments under partial liberalisation. Oxford University Press and Foundation for the European Review of Agricultural Economics 2010; all rights reserved. For permissions, please email firstname.lastname@example.com, Oxford University Press.


The metal (0001) basal faces of hexagonal (wurtzite) modifications of both zinc oxide and cadmium sulfide are shown to vaporize at higher rates than the nonmetal (0001) faces. The difference in rates has been measured for cadmium sulfide as a function of temperature. Surface morphologies also differ between opposite basal faces of both kinds of crystals. The data suggest that desorption may be rate limiting.


The need to harmonize medical education has been emphasized over the past two decades due to the increased mobility of medical doctors as well as other healthcare professionals. Crossborder training, which has been common among postgraduates in the past, is becoming increasingly popular among undergraduate medical students. In the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) member countries, the number of doctors trained outside their native country has increased significantly in the recent years. In Europe, this is partly driven by the fierce competition required to get entry into medical schools in students' native countries due to a shortage of places in some countries and the commercialization of medical education in others. More and more doctors in Europe seem to be working in a country other than where they obtained their medical degree. However, there are large variations in graduate as well as postgraduate medical training across the European regions,1,2 involving entry requirements, course curriculum, duration of training, learning outcomes, and the way theoretical knowledge, practical skills, and professional competency are assessed. Moreover, a substantial number of countries in Europe are providing medical education in English, in parallel with their national language, in order to attract foreign students (who are usually required to pay tuition fees). Today, a substantial number of students from Scandinavia obtain their medical education in English in Baltic and Eastern European countries, with the majority returning to their home countries for postgraduate training and work. Although providing medical education in English rather than in local/national languages has been successfully practiced in several countries/universities outside Europe, such as India, Hong Kong (China), Nepal, Singapore, etc., this practice has some important caveats as communication with patients, their relatives, and care givers in clinical practice requires a good grasp of the native language. Inadequate language competency may lead to poor communication, compromising learning and patient safety. Continuous efforts have been made to harmonize medical education in Europe. In this regard, a mutual recognition of basic and specialist medical qualifications awarded to nationals of member states, introduced by the Commission of the European Communities (EC) in 1975, was the first step. This was further consolidated by the Directive 93/16/EEC in 1993, followed by the Bologna declaration in 1999 that recommended multiple cycle (Bachelor, Master, and Doctorate) higher education and introduced the European Credit Transfer System (ECTS) and Directive 2005/36/EC enabling free movement of medical professionals within the European Union and European Economic Area (EU/EEA). However, its implementation has been very slow. For example, until 2012, only 32 out of 442 medical schools in Bologna signatory countries had adapted to a twocycle (BachelorMaster) model of medical education.3 In recent years, several medical specialist societies in Europe, including the European Board & College of Obstetrics and Gynaecology (EBCOG), have started working toward harmonization of postgraduate medical education in the EU/EEA.4,5 The purpose of harmonization is to standardize training strategies, learning outcomes, and knowledge assessment, as well as the skills and professional competencies of trainees, while also recognizing differences in local/ national needs, health policies, resource availability, culture, and traditions. The postgraduate medical education is a workplacebased training. Specialties with major surgical skillstraining components, such as Obstetrics and Gynecology, rely heavily on patient volume and good apprenticementor relationships for seamless transfer of local knowledge, traditions, and core skills. It is crucial to recognize the importance of preserving local traditions, certain softskills that are only possible to learn from a mentor rather than solely through literature, instructional videos, or simulation training. Therefore, aligning mutually agreed standards of training within local contexts is important and essential to facilitate learning in a safe environment. This will hopefully improve the quality of education, resulting in bettertrained specialists, enhanced mobility within the EU/EEA, and contributing to better patient care.5 Nonetheless, harmonization does not automatically equate to improvement in the quality of learning and patient care, and it remains to be seen whether it will have the intended effects. Poor health outcomes are more likely to be associated with socioeconomic disparity rather than variations in medical practices, although the causes and consequences of such variations are not well studied. The success of globalization may depend on standardization,6 but the contexts for learning and practicing medicine and surgery will remain diverse in European countries, with their rich and varied medical culture and traditions. This means that complete standardization will be challenging, if not impossible. It has also been argued that globalization may lead to uneven distribution of the medical workforce, which may further widen socioeconomic disparities and inequalities in healthcare.6 Disparities in several indicators of women's health, with poor outcomes among migrant populations compared to native


A combined elevated pressure reactor/ultrahigh vacuum (UHV) surface analytical system has been designed for studies of heterogeneous catalytic reactions. The reaction cell is separated from the surface analysis chamber by a differentially pumped sliding seal. This feature allows simple in situ sample transfer capabilities from the surface analysis region to the reactor cell and also facilitates the introduction and repair of the sample and/or holder with no significant perturbation of the UHV analysis chamber vacuum. The pumping arrangements provide for rapid evacuation of the reaction cell as well as maximum sensitivity with respect to the detection of reaction products.


A study was done on 15 children, 2 1/2 to 12 years of age, in whom serologic evidence of California encephalitis virus infection was demonstrated. All of the children had associated central nervous system illnesses, the majority of which were encephalitic in nature. Specimens from these children were studied for other viruses capable of causing similar disease, ie, mumps, herpes simplex, and enteroviruses, and were negative.


OBJECTIVE: Primary open angle glaucoma is a neurodegenerative disease of the optic nerve that represents one of the main causes of blindness worldwide. Familial aspects have been implicated in the development of the disease and proved in several studies. In this article, we present a systematic review of works about primary open angle glaucoma and mitochondrial DNA and a statistic analyses under a scientometric insight. METHODS: Bibliographic research of the works on mitochondrial DNA and primary open angle glaucoma was made accessing the site Scopus. Then, search with the keywords "mitochondrial DNA" and "glaucoma" in all fields for publications between 1992 and august of 2012 was performed. Finally, we did the statistics and scientometric analyses with the main data, such as: authors who published articles on mitochondrial DNA and glaucoma; journals that had publications about the issue; Centers of Research, Universities and countries where most of the studies on glaucoma and mitochondrial DNA were made. RESULTS: We identified that these articles have increased in the last few years, though yet confined, mostly, to some centers of research and concentrated in selected groups of researchers in ophthalmology of developed countries. In Brazil, we do not have any article published about the issue, yet. CONCLUSION: These studies are extremely important to the elucidation of the genetic causes of glaucoma and for the development of new therapies aiming not only the reduction of the intraocular pressure.


Abstract At times the 30–60 day filtered outgoing longwave radiation (OLR) perturbations exhibited a systematic eastward propagation across the equatorial Indian Ocean–western Pacific during the five summers (1 May–30 September) of 1979–83. Such occasions are defined as "E" phase, while periods of irregular movement are designated as "NE" phase. Global-scale behavior of the 30–60 day filtered streamfunction and velocity potential fields differs significantly from E to NE phase. During E phase at 200 mb, a series of time-clustered, space-overlapping disturbances develop over the northern as well as the southern subtropics. Although individual disturbances are nearly stationary, a wave packet clearly propagates eastward with an approximate phase speed of 8° longitude per day and a space scale of wavenumber 1. Sandwiched between the Southern and Northern hemisphere wave packets are relatively weak equatorial zonal wind perturbations which also move eastward. At 850 mb, E phase behavior is characterized by st...


Recent policy discussions about information technology in transport and traffic demand management have increased interest in activity‐based approaches to the analysis of travel behaviour, in particular in the modelling of household activity scheduling which is at the core of many of the required changes in travel behaviour. This paper is a state‐of‐the‐art review of conceptualizations and models of activity scheduling with special regard to issues raised by the new policy instruments. In the course of the review, the validity of behavioural assumptions is examined critically and several needs for future research identified.


. A necessary and sufficient condition for an oriented pretzel surface to be quasipositive yields an estimate for the slice genus of the boundary of an arbitrary oriented pretzel surface.


Room temperature liquid salts of Cr and Mo were synthesized and fully characterized including cyclic voltammetry of the neat Mo salt. These liquid salts were used as self-supported reagents for the oxidation of alcohols (under solvent-free and biphasic conditions) and their potential for biphasic self-supported catalytic applications was demonstrated.


This study aims to perform a cost-outcome analysis of hypertension (HT) treatment in uncomplicated HT patients across health insurance plans. A total of 4,353 patients who were treated at the outpatient (OP) department at Suratthani Hospital in 2014 were identified: 2,247 enrolled in Universal Coverage (UC), 149 in Social Security Scheme (SSS), and 1,957 in Civil Servants' Medical Benefit Scheme (CSMBS). Patients' data were retrieved from electronic medical records. Direct medical costs of HT treatment were estimated from resources used in the OP care of HT, including the unit costs of OP visit, costs of laboratory tests, anti-hypertensive medications, and other HT-related treatments. Costs of HT treatment were approximated from 4 perspectives: societal, patient, healthcare payer, and provider, with base year 2014. Treatment outcome was well-controlled blood pressure (BP), defined as having systolic BP<140 mmHg and diastolic BP<90 mmHg. Chi-square and ANOVA were used in the statistical analysis, with a significance level of 0.05. Findings indicated that the proportion of patients with well-controlled BP was not significantly different across health insurance types. From all perspectives, the costs of HT treatment were much higher in CSMBS beneficiaries, compared to their colleagues. Among 3 health insurances, the cost-effectiveness ratios of HT treatment were highest in CSMBS beneficiaries. Compared with their counterparts, CSMBS beneficiaries receive HT treatment that demonstrates inefficient use of resources. Future research that explores interventions which could improve the cost-effectiveness of HT treatment, particularly among CSMBS patients, is recommended. Key words: hypertension, cost, outcome, out-patient, health insurance


Lifetime and rare editions of works of great writers, researchers, public figures are of special cultural and historical value and enjoy the increased attention of the keepers of book collections and visitors of book museum exhibitions. The purpose of this article is to introduce into scientific circulation the rare copies of domestic and foreign editions of works of the historian and writer N. M. Karamzin (1766 – 1826), stored in the Novosibirsk State Regional Scientific Library (NSRSL) and the State Public Scientific and Technological Library of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (SPSTL SB RAS). Among them are books from the library of the Kolyvan-Voskresensk mining plants, including those received there from personal collections of mining engineers, copies of the journal "Vestnik Evropy" for 1802-1803 from the collection of V. S. Mikhalkov, a volume of "History of the Russian State" used in one of the oldest educational institutions in Russia – the Smolensk Boys' Gymnasium, a volume of a lifetime edition of the "History of the Russian State", which belonged to the historian, archaeographer P. M. Stroev, the compiler of the "Key, or alphabetical index to the "History of the Russian State" by N. M. Karamzin".Special attention should be paid to the first complete Russian-language edition of "On Ancient and New Russia in its Political and Civil Relations", written in 1811, addressed directly to Emperor Alexander I and for censorship reasons first published only abroad, in Berlin, in 1861. A copy from the Department of Rare Books and manuscripts of the State Public Scientific Library of SB RAS is unique in that it contains proofreading notes of the historian A. N. Pypin. Relying on this copy of the Berlin edition of N. M. Karamzin's work and consulting the handwritten copies of it which were at his disposal, he prepared the first complete publication of the text of this manifesto of Russian conservatism in Russia in 1900 as an appendix to his monograph "Social Movement in Russia under Alexander I". A careful study of valuable publications from the collections of Novosibirsk libraries deepens our knowledge about the book culture of Siberia and, more broadly, about the history of Russian-language book culture, about the history of the formation of Novosibirsk book collections, demonstrates the continuity of these collections in relation to the outstanding book collections of the past.


Today, brand and brand is one of the most important marketing issues facing all companies and organizations. It is important to the extent that brand management has become an independent discipline in scientific circles. The concept of customer-brand partnership has attracted considerable attention since about 2005 in the academic marketing literature. Customer loyal customers increase brand profitability, promote positive verbal advertising, and improve organizational performance. Despite the growing understanding of consumer brand involvement in virtual brand communities, information on the impact of brand community identification and brand performance on customer brand engagement has been tested empirically in the Instagram study of Baridium Essential Herbal Medicines by consumers. A little at hand. Second, while previous research has addressed the direct impact of brand satisfaction and brand community identification on brand loyalty, there is less transparency about the mediating role of customer-brand partnerships in these relationships in virtual brand communities. Therefore, we examine the mediating effects of customer brand engagement on the relationship between brand identity, and brand satisfaction in shaping brand loyalty in the virtual community of Barry Essential Customers on Instagram, and thus provide empirical insights. Third, our results provide a set of practical implications designed to facilitate managerial decision-making regarding customer brand management in relation to the Barij Essence Virtual Business Brand, which adds value to online customer relationship management strategies. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of brand identification and brand satisfaction on brand loyalty with the mediating role of customer brand participation among customers of Barij Essence Herbal Medicine in Iran. The present research is applied in terms of purpose and in terms of nature in the descriptive category of the survey branch. The instrument of this study was a standard questionnaire whose reliability was assessed and confirmed using Cronbach's alpha, combined reliability and factor loadings. Its validity was also verified through content validity, convergent validity and divergent validity. In this study, four main hypotheses and two sub-hypotheses were considered, which were confirmed by the findings of all the hypotheses, which indicate that brand community identification has a significant effect on brand loyalty. Significant. Customer-brand partnership has a significant mediating effect on brand loyalty relationship on brand loyalty. Identifying the brand community has a significant impact on customer brand engagement and ultimately, brand satisfaction has a significant impact on customer brand engagement .


Ancient rhetoric divided the questions which concerned the orator into the definite and the indefinite, quaestiones finitae and quaestiones infinitae, the former concerned with particular persons and occasions, the latter without any such reference. To take a simple example from Quintilian, 'Should one marry?' is a quaestio infinita, 'Should Cato marry?' a quaestio finita. The distinction was introduced, or at any rate first clearly formulated, by Hermagoras in the second century B.C., and became an established part of rhetorical theory. The Greek term for the indefinite, or general, question was none of the various Latin equivalents used by Cicero attained general currency, and the Greek term prevailed.


It is well established that water plays a very important role in the functioning of biological molecules and their assemblies. Among such molecular assemblies are biological membranes. The self-assembly of these membranes is driven by the hydrophobic effect sa clear consequence of their aqueous environment. Water contributes to the mechanism responsible for membrane/membrane interaction and contributes to the assisted passage of ions and other molecules across biomembranes through special membrane-embedded proteins. Since natural biomembranes represent complicated assemblies of molecules, their study is extremely involved. To simplify the task, the properties of biomembranes are often probed using model membranes containing one type of phospholipid molecule or a simple mixture of lipid molecules. Different experimental techniques are used to study properties of model membranes and their hydration water. The structural properties of membranes and the positions of lipid fragments and hydration water can be measured with the help of X-ray and neutron scattering techniques. 1,2


The development of the ultraviolet curing system was conducted with a view to improving the rapidness of the vacuum casting system. The photo-casting process is one wherein use is made of a special transparent silicone rubber mold highly permeable to ultraviolet rays and a photo-curable resin is poured into it (by vacuum casting or atmospheric casting) and then irradiated with ultraviolet rays (365nm) for rapid curing (a radical or cationic polymerization within a mold) thus forming a resin having a three-dimensional structure. As a result of the investigation on a photo-curable resin, it has been found that an epoxy photo-curable resin has excellent curing properties, which has led to an improvement in the rapidness of the vacuum casting process.


Due to increasing demand of wireless internet access open Wi-Fi internet service is available at public places and secured Wi-Fi internet service is available at private/commercial places. Device can connect to any wireless access point by identifying only two identifier - the network name and MAC address of access point. The widespread use of wireless network gives rise of various security threat among which is Evil Twin Attack. The presence of such security threat in network causes significant loss of information. In this paper, we discussed Evil twin Attack and its effect in wireless network. We also discussed various solutions proposed by researcher. We present a very simple solution by considering certain ways of evil twin attack to detect Evil Twin Access Point to prevent attack. We have used RTT and number hops between client and server based technique and de-authentication detection between client and legitimate access point based technique.


Methylcyclo-pentadieny manganese tricarbonyl(MMT)is organic metallic antiknock and it is a good substitute of organic lead.In this article,the synthesis process of MMT was studied.Influences of the reaction temperature,reaction time and mass ratio of monomethylcyclopentadiene sodium to manganous chloride on the yield of methyl-cyclopentadieny manganese tricarbonyl were investigated.The content of the product was analyzed by GC,and the structure of the product was characterized by FT-IR.The optimal conditions for the synthesis of methyl-cyclopentadieny manganese tricarbonyl were found as follows :reaction temperature 160~170℃,reaction time 2 h,n(monomethylcyclopentadiene sodium):n(manganous chloride)=1:0.55.Under the optimal conditions,the yield of methyl-cyclopentadieny manganese tricarbonyl was about 80%,and the content of methyl-cyclopentadieny manganese tricarbonyl in the product was above 99%.


The invention relates to a water-based expansive type nano fireproof coating for a cable and a preparation method of the water-based expansive type nano fireproof coating. The water-based expansive type nano fireproof coating for the cable is characterized by comprising the following components in parts by weight: 20-40 parts of a coating base body, 15-45 parts of a nano flame retardant, 2-10 parts of a flame retardant synergist, 5-10 parts of a filler, 1-5 parts of an assistant and 10-30 parts of water, wherein the nano flame retardant is obtained by nano-crystallizing the flame retardant which comprises soluble aluminum salt, a charring catalyst, a charring agent and a foamer, and the flame retardant synergist is biomass ash of a power plant. As the components of the water-based expansive type nano fireproof coating are good in compatibility, the water-based expansive type nano fireproof coating is good in buckling resistance, humidity resistance, oil resistance and water resistance, excellent in flame retardance and low in charring height.


Alkali and acid modified HZSM-5 molecular sieves were prepared through treating with different alkali solutions together with nitric acid of different concentrations;four catalysts,i.e.H(0.2)-Na-ZSM-5,H(0.5)-Na-ZSM-5,H(0.2)-K-ZSM-5 and H(0.5)-K-ZSM-5 were obtained.These catalysts were characterized by means of XRD,NH3-TPD,ICP,FT-IR and Py-IR;their performance in the synthesis of durene from methanol was investigated in a fixed-bed down-flow reactor.The results showed that the highest selectivity to durene for methanol aromatization is achieved over the H(0.2)-K-ZSM-5 catalyst,which should be ascribed to its large pore size and abundant weak B acid sites arising from the alkali and acid modification.


Available on the web and often excerpted by the visually-oriented algorithms of social media feeds, webcomics arguably have the broadest reach of any form of comics, yet they remain under-theorized. Given the close association with the development of the mode (digital technology) and the medium (webcomics) that Campbell (2006) points out in his history of the form, webcomics ought to be studied alongside other digital media, approached not just as comics, but as a series of websites and webpages where comics appear amidst such elements as ads, banners, links, and comments, all of which shift over time. By discussing not just the comics, but also the contextual elements of the webpages and websites of reciprocal guest comics from Jeph Jacques's Questionable Content (QC) and Sam Logan's Sam and Fuzzy, this article applies a historically-focused approach to webcomics as digital media to demonstrate how the attention economy, where 'eyeballs' are a form of currency, recasts relationships between authors so they are characterized by cooperative competition via webcomics collectives. Webcomics, as serial texts published by the same author over long periods of time, can teach us much about how developments in digital technology have shaped digital media over time.


Using social identity theory (SIT) framework, this qualitative research examines the impact of organizational leaders' social identity on themselves and their employees' motivation in small business organizations in Sri Lanka. The findings reveal that leaders' social identity becomes an inner psychological force that shapes the behaviours, beliefs and perceptions of themselves and their employees. In the Sri Lankan context, leaders' personal and social identities provide a sense of pride, credibility, power, involvement, stability, quality consciousness and perfection. Social identity functions as a driver of competition, encouraging innovation and creativity that lead to excellence. The author proposes that SIT can be used as the basis for maintaining a culture of excellence and designing human resource development interventions to upkeep employer–employee motivation.


Exact measurements in flight require a special instrumentation and are rather difficult. A simple and compact device is proposed for less pretentious results.


In 1957 a "Family Living" program including topics such as physical and mental health growth and development love marriage the family unit sex education and family planning was begun in the London Ontario school system. An organized curriculum was established with specific guidelines the teachers could follow. From kindergarten on the children are exposed to the idea of the family the family unit and many of its implication. There is constant exposure to the concept of the reproductive process. By Grade 5 the discussion of growth and development is reached. By Grades 7 and 8 dating becomes a topic for discussion with the introduction of concepts of sexuality sexual identification love and their various implications. In Grades 9 and 10 physical fitness is stressed; and in Grades 11 and 12 the family planning aspect is intoduced. No child is compelled to be involved in the course and the parents may drop their child out of the program at their own discretion. To date this has only occurred in 2 cases 1 at the Grade-5 level and 1 at the Grade-9 level.


[Objective] To explore the effect of mumps vaccine against mumps among children,provide scientific base for mumps prevention.[Methods]A 1:1 Case-control Study was conducted among 177 mumps patients reported during Jan 2004 to Mar 2005 in Guangzhou city and vaccine efficacy(VE)was used to evaluate the protective effect of mumps vaccine.[Results]177 pairs were enrolled.The research results showed that the total vaccine efficacy was 93.5%,and the vaccine efficacy of combined mumps vaccine was 94.1%,and the vaccine efficacy of single mumps vaccine was 92.9%.[Conclusion]This study showed that the mumps vaccine had high effect in preventing mumps in the children.


This paper introduces an object-oriented OLE DB technology──ADO and how to use it to access to and manipulate data in a data source in ARX applications.


This research explores the slow fashion movement and its relationship to an emerging social trend for mindfulness. Slow fashion seems to embrace a concept at the heart of mindfulness practice: awareness. Mindfulness is a state of awareness that involves a


Due to the long-time running,most set bolts at the footing of discharge chute on large stope vibratory ore-drawing machine are fatigue fractured.It is difficult to replace the broken bolt built in the concrete,which causes the discharge chute subsided,deformed,and damaged.A result of hidden troubles for discharge chute,normal operation of equipment could be effected seriously.The new technology of embedding bolt is adopted to ensure the intensity and reliability to be better than before.Moreover,repair and reform the discharge chute could make the equipment resume normal operation.


This paper presents a methodology for analytically comparing approaches to modular assembly of large space platforms. The methodology combines a physical model of the modules, a life‐cycle cost model, and a risk model to capture influential trade‐offs. The physical model includes alternative module design characteristics, assembly time scenarios, alternative work systems (human, robotic), and infrastructures. A life‐cycle cost framework is defined to capture the benefits and costs of modular alternatives for single or multi‐mission (programmatic) applications. A probabilistic risk model to address launch and assembly risks is employed to capture uncertainties in launch, as well as in the assembly approaches and their complexity (number of assembly steps, module connections). An illustration of the tradeoffs between these models for a single mission is described using a 448kW Solar Electric Transport Vehicle (SETV) supporting a human lunar mission. The illustration was limited to the launch and assembly ph...


modern literature that the use of the 'z' was early English, and it was the emergence of the 'isation' form that was the cultural importation. Crushed, I reflected that one should choose one's battlegrounds carefully. However, there is a wider significance, to the effect that the processes of cultural exchange and flow have long histories, and are always complex processes in which currents flow in more than one direction. Global Media Sport makes an admirable contribution to the analyses of these complex and multi-directional flows.


The method of attachment of the cattle tick Boophilus microplus (Canestrini) has been investigated on cattle of different breeds and susceptibility to infestation. Despite their differing sizes, the larval, nymphal and adult mouthparts penetrate to a similar depth towards the base of the Malpighian layer. Penetration may occur within 5 min of the arrival of the tick on the host. Attachment is accomplished by the secretion of a cement substance in which the mouthparts are embedded and which adheres firmly to the hosts skin. The cement consists of two main components: a cortex of carbohydrate-containing protein, stabilized by quinone tanning and disulphide linkages, and an internum which is lipoprotein in nature. The start of the secretion of cement and the initial cutting of the host tissues by the chelicerae occur simultaneously. Final rapid engorgement of each stage is preceded by a secondary secretion of cement into a fluid-filled cavity which forms directly beneath the mouthparts and provides additional support. It is concluded that attachment is an entirely mechanical process by an inert cement which does not provoke the development of host-parasite factors inimical to the tick. It is with much pleasure that we acknowledge generous financial support by the Australian Cattle and Beef Research Committee which has made possible this project.


The use of enoxaparin on hospitalized, acutely ill patients wearing elastic stockings with graduated compression did not reduce the rate of death when compared with the use of graduated compression stockings alone, according to a study published December 29, 2011, in the New England Journal of Medicine


In this paper, we propose a novel recommender framework for P2P file sharing systems. The proposed recommender system is based on user-based collaborative filtering technique. We take advantage from the partial search process used in partially decentralized systems to explore the relationships between peers. The proposed recommender system does not require any additional effort from the users since implicit rating is used. To measure the similarity between peers, we investigate similarity metrics that were proposed in other fields and adapt them to file sharing P2P systems. We analyze the impact of each similarity metric on the accuracy of the recommendations. Files' recommendations will increase users' satisfaction since they will receive recommendations on files that they prefer.


: The majority of colorectal carcinomas develop from preexisting polypoid adenomas, although some colorectal carcinomas can arise from flat or depressed neoplasias. In general, flat or depressed lesions are smaller than polypoid adenomas. The aim of this study is to clarify clinicopathologic characteristics of small advanced colorectal carcinoma. Patients with small advanced carcinoma were retrospectively recruited from 1,078 consecutive patients who had undergone surgical resection. 0.04 ) . The incidence of vascular invasion was also significantly higher in NPG ( 40 of 45 ; 89 %) than in PG carcinomas ( 8 of 13, 62 % ; P = 0.02 ) . Approximately 80 % of small advanced colorectal carcinomas were NPG carcinomas. A review of the clinicopathologic characteristics of small NPG carcinomas demonstrated that these tumors have a high incidence of vascular invasion with infiltration into deep tissue layers.


Spur cell anemia (SCA) is a form of hemolytic anemia historically associated with alcoholic liver cirrhosis. The name of the disease comes from the spike-like projections on the erythrocyte membrane. These are due to a disorder in the cholesterol metabolism causing increased cholesterol to protein and cholesterol to phospholipid ratios in the red cell membrane, making the cells more prone to trapping and destruction by the spleen [1]. One of the first cases of SCA associated to post-alcoholic liver cirrhosis was reported in the New England Journal of Medicine in 1964 [2]. Several investigators have reported the association between alcoholism and SCA, but recent reports demonstrated that the entity might be present in liver disease regardless of etiology. It was reported that the comparison of spur cell rate in patients with alcoholic cirrhosis versus remaining etiologies did not exhibit any difference [3]. The presence of SCA in liver cirrhosis has been associated with advanced disease and poor prognosis [4]. Spur-cell morphological abnormality is reversible in a non-cirrhotic microenvironment and it vanishes after liver transplantation [5]. In the following case report we discuss the history of a patient diagnosed with SCA who, after liver transplantation, promptly resolved the disease.


For the past two years, the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (PPACA) has been at the center of one of the fiercest political debates in this country's history. Signed into law in March 2010, everyone from physicians to business owners to individual healthcare consumers have been trying to gauge what kind of impact the new law will have. For U.S. employers, part of that process has been trying to navigate how to best address their employees' group health plans when further reform takes effect in 2014. Speculation that the Act will make it more cost-efficient for employers to simply drop group health coverage for employees and pay the allotted fines has been prevalent among industry pundits. This paper uses the MarketScan® Research Databases from Truven Health Analytics SM to test that hypothesis. By examining the real-world healthcare experiences of large American employers and their employees and testing various group health coverage scenarios against these datasets, we are able to determine how different approaches to post-reform healthcare benefit design will affect bottom-line operating costs, as well as their impact on employees. We provide results for several scenarios that provide a wide range of financial outcomes for all stakeholders. Through our research, we examined five key industries — financial, manufacturing, pharmaceutical, retail, and university — and found that, across the board, there is no short-or long-term advantage to employers dropping group health plans in favor of carrying fines.


This work is a new proposal of neural synchronization, which is a communication of two Tree Parity Machines (TPMs) for agreement on a common secret key over a public channel. This can be achieved by two TPMs, which are trained on their mutual output, which can synchronize to a time dependent state of identical synaptic weight vectors. In the proposed TPMs random inputs are replaced with queries, which are considered. The queries depend on the current state of A and B TPMs. Then, TPM's hidden layers of each output vectors are compared. That is, the output vectors of hidden unit using Hebbian learning rule and dynamic unit using Random walk learning rule are compared. Among the compared values, the output layer receives one of the best values. In this paper, the increased synchronization time of the co-operating attacker against the flipping attack is also analyzed.


With the impending threat of global climate change, the past decades have witnessed an increasing recognition of the potential contribution of indigenous knowledge to tackling global challenges of environmental sustainability. In this study, we used a qualitative analysis of data collected in September 2018 from key informant interviews and focus group discussion sessions in the Baduy communities in western Java to examine how their swidden cultivation, pest control and rice preservation techniques contribute to strengthening the sustainability of their livelihoods. The study also examines the potential for knowledge sharing between Baduy indigenous knowledge holders and outside scientific communities for mutual enhancement. Our analysis of collected data indicates that while the Baduy are open to sharing their ecological knowledge with outsiders for the sake of a greater environment protection, they remain wary of adopting external knowledge sources, as these external influences constitute a threat of disruption to their own epistemic system and way of life.


The molecular Zeeman effect has been observed in vinylene carbonate, maleic anhydride, and acrolein yielding the molecular g values, magnetic susceptibility anisotropies, molecular quadrupole moments, and other magnetic parameters. The susceptibility results are compared with a number of other open‐ring compounds and nonconjugated ring compounds in order to establish a set of group magnetic susceptibility anisotropies which can be added to give the molecular magnetic susceptibility anisotropy. The group values of the out‐of‐plane minus the average in‐plane susceptibility are (in units of 10−6 erg/G2·mole): –––C–(sp3 carbon)=1.6 ± 0.8,=C(sp2 carbon) = −4.4 ± 0.4,––=O(carbonyl oxygen)=−6.5 ± 0.7, andO(ether oxygen)=2.0 ± 1.5.–– The appropriate sum of these values is in good agreement with experiment on a large number of molecules. The rotational molecular Zeeman effect has also been observed in 3,4‐dimethylenecyclobutene and fulvene. For 3,4‐dimethylenecyclobutene, the g values are gaa=−0.0703 ± 0.0007, gbb...


This paper reviews the waste management practices of 24 of the major dairy processing factories in Victoria, Australia. The identified total annual costs associated with waste management for the factories was more than AUD$36,760,000, which included the use of more than 11,000 t/year of cleaning-in-place (CIP) alkali and 3,000 t/year CIP acid cleaners at a cost of more than AUD$16,700,000. The total amount of water consumed annually by the factories was more than 10.5 GL, 78% of which was potable water. The recycling and reuse of water was common practice for pre-rinsing, CIP make-up, plant washdown, boiler feed/steam production or membrane washing. The relatively low cost of water and the ease of effluent disposal were found to be disincentives for factories attempting to use less water. The most common biological process for wastewater treatment was aerobic or facultative treatment in ponds or lagoons. Some 10 GL of wastewater was annually discharged in the following approximate proportions: surface-waterway 13%, land 44% and sewer 43%. The corresponding figure for sodium discharge was in the order of 3,400 t/year distributed thus: surface-waterway 8%, land 60% and sewer 32%. For factories providing enough data to conduct a reliable sodium balance (6), total sodium entering as CIP chemicals ranged from 21-64%, while sodium entering as raw material (e.g. milk) and salt varied from 19-67% and 1-57%, respectively. Of the sodium leaving these same factories, 29-64% was in the wastewater. Sodium analyses of many waste streams were not provided. Some waste streams, such as whey, sludges and product rejects, were reused or recycled as stockfeed to piggeries, while some were sent off-site for composting. The main concerns for these wastes were associated with the lack of long-term sustainable options for reuse and recycling.


Solubilities of carbon dioxide (CO2) in a series of fluorine-free room temperature ionic liquids (RTILs), dialkylimi- dazolium dialkylphosphates and dialkylimidazolium alkylphosphites, were measured at 313∼333 K and pressures up to 5 MPa. Henry's law coefficients as the solubility parameter of CO2 in RTILs were derived from the isotherm of fugacity versus CO2 mole fraction. The CO2 solubility in a phosphorus-containing RTIL was found to increase with the increasing molar volume of the RTIL. In general, dialkylimidazolium dialkylphosphate exhibited higher absorption capacity than dialkylimidazolium alkylphosphite as long as the RTILs possess an identical cation. Among RTILs tested, 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium dibutylphosphate (BMIM)(Bu2PO4) and 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium butylphosphite (BMIM)(BuHPO3) exhibited similar Henry's law coefficients to 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium bis (trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide ((BMIM)(Tf2N)) and 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate ((BMIM)(BF4)), respectively. The Krichevsky-Kasarnovsky equation was employed to derive the CO2 solubility parameter (Henry's law coefficient) from the solubility data measured at elevated pressures.


In 2001, Rosenblatt and Willis defined the concept of configuration of a
 group to give a condition for amenability of groups. In this paper, we study the relation
 between configuration and commutator subgroup G' of G and prove that if G1 and G2
 are two finitely generated groups with the same configuration set, then G1/G'1 = G2/G'2
 and if G'1 and G'2 are finite, then G'1 = G'2
 2. Also, we prove that if two free finitely generated
 Burnside groups of finite exponent have the same configuration set, then they must be
 isomorphic.

 Keywords: Configuration; Amenability; Commutator Subgroup, Burnside Group

 2010 Mathematics Subject Classification: 20F24, 43A07.


When periodic tasks with hard deadlines communicate over a bus, the problem of hard real-time bus scheduling arises. This paper addresses several problems of hard real-time bus scheduling, including the evaluation of scheduling algorithms and the issues of message packet pacing, preemption, priority granularity and buffering.


Ship unloader crane was widely used in transportation, and uploaded or unloaded cargoes from ships, which could influence efficiency and benefits of transportation greatly. In order to improve the reliability and safety, and decrease its risk in working flow, a method of fatigue life assessment was proposed in this paper. According to related standards and properties of risk, finite element method and experimental stress analysis were integrated to assess the working condition of a ship unloader crane. Finite element models of primary structures subjected to loads were built to achieve dynamic properties, which could supply a basic reference to experiment and guidance to locate the tested positions. Afterwards, wireless dynamic resistance strain-gauges were adopted to execute static and dynamic stress, and the tested results combined with finite element analysis were applied to strength analysis. Based on nominal stress and Miner principle, rainflow method was developed to fatigue life assessment of this ship unloader crane. The final results indicated that residual life of this crane was 4.67 years.