College Hospital there is at least a recognition of this aspect of the patient and an eagerness to respond to him as a person. Furthermore, the fact that Mrs A died in the ward made the other patients in 4/3 aware of, and even part of, the final stage of death. I write "the final stage of death" because this is how another patient, Mr B, a philosophical sort, had previously described a person's last hours. As he explained, life is a process of dying for from the moment we are born we begin to die. Therefore, if we struggle with the fact of our death and understand how to die then we will know how to live as well. This is perhaps a too simple idea, but it is right, I think, in the most important sense of what it means to be right. When Mr B was admitted to ward 4/3 he was greatly distressed. After witnessing the death of several patients in the ward in the course of three weeks he was considerably less upset. I don't mean to suggest that if a patient reconciles himself with his anxieties about death then "tout est pour le mieux dans le meilleur des mondes possibles," or that the thought of dying was the cause of his psychological distress. In our initial conversations he seemed partly just ill at ease with his new surroundings. Being in the presence of other dying patients, however, seemed to relieve some of what Mr B described as "the awful fear of death's awesome mystery." We (and I mean the royalist "we") have isolated death, removed it along with germs and viruses from our daily lives. Death was never as common around the house as the cold, but children were once as comfortable at play in a graveyard as in the garden behind the town church. We have become xenophobic of death and speak of it as something that is foreign to us. I was told that Mrs A "passed away" and heard that Dr C "is gone." It is as though to speak directly of death, to call death "death," enacts the word. My experience with dying patients has been limited in that my role of minstrel usually maintains a distance between me and the patients, and the relationship is similar in this small respect to that between a doctor and a patient. I remember, though, a visit to my grandfather when he was dying in the intensive care unit at Columbia Presbyterian Hospital. I was upset not so much by the tubes feeding him air or by the needles nourishing him with colourless liquid as by a feeling that I was unable to feel his dying. I was told by the nurse not to touch him, not to disturb him. My 10 year old brother was ordered not to come into the room but to watch from the other side of the window. Who was being protected? My brother? My grandfather? The Thursday before Mrs A died she was visited by her son and his children. One of them, a boy of 5, played merrily at Grandma's feet, unconcerned though curious about the happenings. There was a deep acknowledgment when their wide eyes met. Later in the evening I caught up with the young nurse who had attended to Mrs A at her death. We spoke about the "medic" disco at Camden Palace sponsored to raise money for research into diabetes and of our clever friend who had borrowed an intravenous fluid bottle to dispense gin at the affair. Then I asked her if Mrs A had said anything before dying. The young nurse wondered for the moment of a minute, perhaps as much about my interest in Mrs A as anything else, and replied cautiously that she didn't think so. We talked some more, and I reminded her of the time when old Miss M had said to me, "I don't suppose you'd like to give an old lady a little kiss," and how I had kissed her and said, "I don't suppose you'd like to give a young medic a little kiss," and how she had done. Then I asked, gently, if anything special had happened during Mrs A's death. She was quiet, and I could feel a subtle tension in our silence. I waited. The young nurse said that Mrs A's death was usual. She had sat beside the dying woman, held her hand, and whispered her name.


According to the multiple point principle, Nature adjusts coupling parameters so that many vacuum states exist and each has approximately zero vacuum energy density. We apply this principle to the general two-Higgs doublet extension of the Standard Model, by requiring the existence of a large set of degenerate vacua at an energy scale much higher than the presently realized electroweak scale vacuum. It turns out that two scenarios are allowed. In the first scenario, a CP conserving Higgs potential and the absence of flavour changing neutral currents are obtained without fine-tuning. In the second scenario, the photon becomes massive in the high scale vacua. We briefly discuss the resulting phenomenology.


Summary This report proposes a digital library service model for the MoA IITestbed Project in which services are based on tools that work withthe digital objects from distributed repositories. This model recom-mends that libraries begin by defining the services they need to pro-vide for each audience they support. Next, they must define the toolsneeded to implement these services. This process should include theidentification of user-level behaviors for the tools, that is, what thetools do as required by the users. This report also proposes a digitalobject model that fits within the overall service model. The objectmodel describes digital objects—the foundation of the service mod-el—as an encapsulation of content, metadata, and methods. Differentclasses of objects exist (for example, diary or photograph), and thecontent of each object may be text, digitized page images, photo-graphs, or another format. The object also contains metadata of threetypes: (1) descriptive metadata used to discover the object; (2) struc-tural metadata that define the object's internal organization and areneeded for display and navigation of that object; and (3) administra-tive metadata that contain management information (such as thedate the object was digitized, at what resolution, and who can accessit). The digital object definition borrows from the popular OOD mod-el and includes methods as part of the object. Methods are programcode segments that allow the object to perform services for tools.


Since the pioneering work of Schwinger, Baym and Kadanoff, and Keldysh in the early '60, the Greens function formalism became an invaluable tool for the calculation of nonequilibrium properties of many-body systems. However, the perturbative approach used in the formal derivation of the theory have concealed the underlying mathematical structure. I will report on a joint work with Horia Cornean and Valeriu Moldoveanu which aims at unveiling this structure. More precisely, in the context of electronic transport in open systems, I will show how to derive the Jauho-Meir-Wingreen formula for the time-dependent current through an interacting sample coupled to non-interacting leads. Our proof is non-perturbative and uses neither complex-time Keldysh contours nor Langreth rules of analytic continuation. We also discuss other technical identities (Langreth, Keldysh) involving various many-body Greens functions. Finally, we study the Dyson equation for the advanced/retarded interacting Greens function and we rigorously construct its (irreducible) self-energy, using the theory of Volterra operators.


This paper endeavors to explore the new features of cultural environment and its impact on modern society,namely,people attach great importance to material interest,ideological liberty,and entertaining diversity;in addition,some of western values are accepted by college students.On one hand these changes can make college students acquire knowledge actively;on the other hand,they cause some of students to be indifferent toward morality,to hold overindividualism,even to weaken their discipline concept,collectivism,and cooperatingspirit.In order to help college students grow healthily,we must strengthen the establishment of advanced culture and enforce the educational management.


Background: Renal diseases information is population-based and has great geographic variability. Due to the lack of national renal data registry system, there is no information on the prevalence rate, and clinical and laboratory features of various glomerulonephritidies (GNs) in Iran. Methods: In a retrospective cross sectional study, we analyzed 462 adult renal biopsies in Hashemi Nejad hospital, Tehran, Iran. We determined the prevalence rate and the frequency of different clinical and laboratory findings in patients with different GNs. We also compared our results with the reports from other countries. Results: There were 267(57.8%) males and 195(42.2%) females. The mean age (± SD) was 33.6 ± 15.7 (range, 13-75) years old. After exclusion of 55 biopsies with pathologies other than GNs and in the remaining 407 biopsies, membranous glomerulopathy (MGN) was the most common GN (23.6%), followed by IgAN (13.5%), membranoproliferative GN (11.5%), systemic lupus nephritis (10.6%), focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (10.3%), and minimal change disease (9.8%). These 6 GNs comprised the majority (79.4%) of all GNs. Conclusion: MGN is the most common form of GN, followed by IgAN, MPGN, SLE-GN, FSGS and MCD in adult patients in our study. The multi-center studies with a larger sample size are needed for more comprehensive data in Iranian population.


We study the measure of unique information $UI(T:X\setminus Y)$ defined by Bertschinger et al. (2014) within the framework of information decompositions. We study uniqueness and support of the solutions to the optimization problem underlying the definition of $UI$. We identify sufficient conditions for non-uniqueness of solutions with full support in terms of conditional independence constraints and in terms of the cardinalities of $T$, $X$ and $Y$. Our results are based on a reformulation of the first order conditions on the objective function as rank constraints on a matrix of conditional probabilities. These results help to speed up the computation of $UI(T:X\setminus Y)$, most notably when $T$ is binary. In the case that all variables are binary, we obtain a complete picture of where the optimizing probability distributions lie.


The paper attempts to enhance the prevailing literature on AMH (Adaptive market hypothesis) and calendar anomalies by first time linking the Monday effect with Adaptive Market Hypothesis that permits the performance of well-known Monday effect to fluctuate over time. For the purpose we inspect the daily returns of 107 individual firms listed at Pakistan Stock Exchange over the period of 20 years (from January 1996 to December 2015). To explore the varying degree of return predictability of Monday effect we utilize four different subsamples comprising equal length of observations of five years each. We find return predictability of Monday effect evolves over time as performance of this effect varies from time to time and consistent with AMH. Finally, the paper suggests AMH (Adaptive Market Hypothesis) is well elucidation of behavior of Monday effect than traditional EMH (Efficient Market Hypothesis).


This paper proposes an adaptive mode switching for error resilient video coding. The error resilient video coding system dynamically replaces reference pictures in inter-frame coding according to backward channel signaling. This system prevents temporal error propagation by preventing the encoder from using the erroneous picture as the reference picture. This system has two modes; the ACK mode is effective in more erroneous condition, and the NACK mode is effective in less erroneous condition. The mode switching mechanism and the error condition on the network is explained, and the performance of the system compared with the conventional H.263 system is shown by computer simulation.


In this research perinatal factors which are obtained by following the children with Child's health card in three different counties of the Republic of Croatia (County of Međimurje, County of Sisak and Moslavina and County of Sibenik and Knin) took into consideration. Number of 1571 children, were filled the criteria for including into this research. In statistical analyses univariate methods are used, chi-squared test, Fischer's test, univariate variance analyses (ANOVA), and programme package SAS system on Windows 95 platform. It is analysed the influence of maternal factors as well as child's factors on child's growth and development during the first year of life. Among maternal factors used in this research, statistical significant difference is noticed only concerning their age at delivery between observed counties (P = 0, 0001). Concerning to the child's factors, differences are noticed in the values of their antropometric parameters at delivery regard to child's sex and the county ; differences are noticed also in antropometric parameters dynamics during the first year of life, speccialy concerning to the sort of nutrition. Summary can be said that in the child's growth and development during its first year of life, factors from the child's part are dominant.


The conceptual model proposed paper examines individual perceptions of the effects of corruption within the public apparatus, in terms of image and of quality. The objective is therefore to contribute empirical evidence on the relationship between corruption in the country's public institutions and its effects on the image and perceived quality. The conceptual model is tested in a multivariate analysis of data from 626 respondents. As was expected, corruption is not supported by customary law, but is revealed as a perverse activity that does not have positive effects for the country, damaging its reputation and competence and, primarily, leading to loss of confidence in democracy, disdain for politics, and suspicion of public institutions. The analysis also suggests that because of the complexity of corruption, that institutional image and quality are best understood through interaction with corruption as a moderating variable. The results reveal a negative effect on democratic legitimacy.


In the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region, Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) are now widely recognized as engines of economic development. This paper discusses the importance of SMEs in the MENA economic area and identifies the challenges and barriers facing SMEs in MENA countries. In addition, this study analyses the effects of two 'black swan' Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) phenomena and a decline in oil prices on the economy of MENA in 2020. The current study found that the most significant challenges were identified as lack of access to finance, lack of managerial expertise, inefficiencies of government, lack of a well-trained workforce, inadequate infrastructure, corruption and bureaucratic obstacles. Among these challenges, the lack of access to finance appears to be the major challenge and suggests that future research is required to identify the role of Islamic finance models in the financing of SMEs in MENA countries. This research provides all stakeholders with policy implications intended for enhancing the different features of SME improvement in the MENA region and generally in developing countries.


The method for forming a photoresist pattern and the photoresist pattern jegeoryeok metal pattern using the photoresist pattern in which reliability and a composition for improving the removal of this removal of are provided. Removing the photoresist pattern composition is the amino including ethoxyethanol, polyalkylene oxide compounds, glycol ether compounds and excess nitrogen-containing aprotic polar solvent. Accordingly, it is possible to easily remove a photoresist pattern from the substrate can be improved jegeoryeok of photoresist pattern, it is possible to improve the reliability of removing the photoresist pattern by minimizing the residual amount of the photoresist pattern. The photoresist, a stripper, aekjeol, polyalkylene oxides, amino-ethoxyethanol


The motion capture (MoCap) is a highly popular subject with wide applications in different areas such as animations, situational awareness, and healthcare. An overview of MoCap utilizing different sensors and technologies is presented, and the prominent MoCap methods using inertial measurement units and optics are discussed in terms of their advantages and disadvantages. MoCap with wearable inertial measurement units is analyzed and presented specifically with the background information and methods. The chapter puts an emphasis on the mathematical model and artificial intelligence algorithms developed for the MoCap. Both the products from the important technology developers and the proof-of-concept applications conducted by Havelsan are presented within this chapter to involve an industrial perspective. MoCap system will act as a decision support system in either application by providing automatic calculation of metrics or classification, which are the basic tools for decision making.


Based on the data of investigation on marine hydrological and marine chemical environments of main bays in Fujian, detail analysis and research were carried out on marine physics and chemistry factors of sea area where will be set wave-resistant cage in deep sea to assess whether these sea areas would fit for wave-resistant cage in deep sea. The conclusion shows that in Sansha Bay, Luoyuan Bay, Fuqing Bay, Xinghua Bay, Meizhou Bay and Dongshan Bay, the depths of water is more than 25m. The temperature, salinity and transparency in the bays vary obviously as season change. The fishery resource has been rich with little drainage of wasted water. Islands out of the bays are natural defences and water flow is calm. pH and DO are up to the government standards of fisheries water quality. COD generally accords with the standard of the first water quality, in parts of sea area it reaches the second water quality. IN and PO_ 4 -P generally accord with the standard of the second water quality, in some bays they reach the third water quality in autumn. So these bays are suitable areas to set wave-resistant cage in deep sea.


An experiment was conductedto assess the influence of mixed enzyme preparation on utilization of bajra (pearl millet). Day-old broiler chicks (n=200) Were distributed into 30 groups of 6–7 each. Ten dietary treatments were formulated incorporating 0, 14,32,51 and 73.2% of whole bajra grain replacing 0, 25, 50, 75 and 100% of maize, respectively at fixed calorie-protein ratio with or without addition of mixed feed grade enzyme preparation containing amylase and non-starch polysaccharidases activity. The data of feed intake, live weight changes and FCE during 0–4 weeks or 0–6 weeks of age revealed that body weight gain was not affected statistically (p>0.01) upto 50% replacement of maize incorporating bajra. Feed in take and performance index remained similar in-groups receiving diets with upto 75% replacement of dietary maize. FCE did not alterat any level of replacement. Efficiency of metabolizable energy and protein utilization for gain remained similar upto 50% replacement of maize incorporating 32% bajra in mash. Moisture content of excreta decreased with graded levels of bajra in diets. Though enzyme supplementation in diet improved gain (3% in 25% and 5%in 50% replacement level) and feed conversion efficiency (6% in 50% and 6.7% in 25% replacement level) at 0–4 weeks of age, but did not alter the perfonnance statistically, and efficiency of protein or ME utilization. It could be concluded that whole bajra may be incorporated upto 32% (w/w) replacing 50% of maize in broiler diets (0–6 weeks of age) safely and supplementation of enzyme was found to be marginally beneficial in augmenting the nutritive value of bajra during early age.


Ab s t r Ac t Objective: To compare the efficacy and safety of dexmedetomidine and propofol for hypotensive anesthesia in ENT surgeries in Indian phenotype. Materials and methods: A prospective, randomized, comparative study. The study population of 72 patients of Indian phenotype were randomly taken from random number table and divided into two groups with 36 patients in each group. Group D = dexmedetomidine (dexmedetomidine loading dose of 1 μg/kg dexmedetomidine diluted in 10 mL 0.9% saline infused over 10 minutes before induction of anesthesia, followed by infusion of 0.2–0.7 μg/kg/hour). Group P = propofol group (maintenance dose 100–150 μg/kg/hour). The infusions were titrated to maintain mean arterial pressure (MAP) between 55 and 65 mm Hg and hemodynamic stability. Results: In our study, we did not have hypotension or bradycardia that needed treatment. The heart rate and blood pressure were on the lower side in group D compared to group P. The awakening time was significantly short in group D than group P. The average doses of dexmedetomidine around 0.2 ± 0.04 μg/kg/hour and propofol around 140 ± 41 μg/kg/hour which are at the lowest end of the recommended doses of 0.2–0.7 μg/ kg/hour and 100–300 μg/kg/hour for hypotensive anesthesia. These low doses may be the cause of no complications in the Indian population. Conclusion: In our comparative study done in Indian population, we observed that both dexmedetomidine and propofol have achieved desired hypotension in patients undergoing ENT surgeries to improve the operative field visibility by reducing the blood loss. Although achieved reduction in MAP was statistically nonsignificant, MAP was lower in dexmedetomidine than propofol. A significantly higher Ramsay sedation score in propofol group is suggestive of greater degree of sedation than dexmedetomidine, making it a better choice for hypotensive anesthesia.


Network has exerted a great influence over the ideological and political education in colleges and universities and makes the traditional ideological and political education expose to severe challenges.Colleges and universities should positively confront these challenges,scientifically analyze and research extensively on the problems existing in the network's ideological and political education;and strengthen the construction of long-term mechanism of the network's ideological and political education and occupy the position of this spherical education so as to make the network become a powerful tool and an effective carrier for the ideological and political education of the students in colleges and universities and to promote both a fast and perfect development of the education.


The war on drugs has been an uphill battle in America for a number of years. Despite all the effort, drug use continues. Organizations, both public and private, have developed a variety of approaches to address this continued pattern of drug use and its impact in the workplace. The city of Houston has taken what some consider to be a hard-line approach to this issue—especially for a public entity. In October of 1993, the city of Houston adopted the zero-tolerance approach to drug use in the workplace. For employees, this means automatic termination when evidence of drug use is discovered. From the inception of the zero-tolerance drug policy, the percentage of employees testing positive has steadily decreased. Establishing a zero-tolerance approach to drug testing allows Houston to maintain a safe and productive work environment by identifying and removing drug users from the workplace.


Neurotransmitters are small chemical signaling molecules crucial for the proper function of the nervous system. The dysregulation of neurotransmitters results in several mental disorders like Parkinson's and Alzheimer's diseases, schizophrenia, and conditions such as depression and addiction. These signaling molecules are present at low concentrations, and obtaining information about these molecules' levels is vital. Moreover, neurotransmitter monitoring in the nervous system remains challenging due to its low concentrations and rapid response. Electrochemical detection continues to garner significant attention as an attractive technique due to its facile nature, high sensitivity, and cost-effectiveness. The electroactive materials of electrochemical sensors are at the heart of this sensing technology. Although multiple nanomaterials have been explored as active components in electrochemical sensors for detecting neurotransmitters, MXenes are gaining attention in the electrochemical sensing of neurotransmitters. This review aims to discuss the use of MXenes and their composites for the electrochemical detection of neurotransmitters, describe the various MXene composites based on the nature of the composite viz pristine and chemical functionalized, carbon nanomaterial, polymer, metal nanoparticle, and transition metal dichalcogenide (TMDC) composites, and define the future directions in leveraging the properties of MXene composites for early-stage electrochemical detection of neurological diseases originating from an imbalance in neurotransmitters.


On-line detection of gasoline octane number is very important for the production of high quality gasoline,and is essential for the reconciliation process.Compared with the deficiency of the traditional detection methods,a new octane number detection method based on Raman technology was proposed.The system consisted of on-line detection,data pre-processing,and calculate model of gasoline octane number.The results showed that the system detected the octane number of gasoline accurately,and displayed the Raman spectra obtained by the detector.


the paper mentioned in my letter, (and not the Lancet,) is fuiished stamped for 25s. per annum, and this I can prove by their bills, although you deny it. I will not go so far as one of your correspondents, as to say that the Journal is "I a bad article at a high price," but I will say it is a " very improveable article at an improveable price." From Dr. Cowan's declaration of the estimate given by a London printer, (which I think be is not bound to make public,) I have no doubt but that the Journal may be published weekly in a much improved form without an increase of the subscription. There is an article of expenditure in the annexed account-" Tainton, for binding Vol. xviii. of ' Transactions."' I beg leave to say that the copy I had sent me was not bound, but merely stitched together. I should be sorry to see the "Transactions" discontinued, but would prefer an improved weekly journal to the rather shabby way in which they are now irregularly sent. The discussion at Oxford will I hope effect much good. Dr. Cowan can, and I doubt not will, defend himself from the severe and even unjust strictures which have appeared in the last Journal. I would add that it is not likely that the Medical Times should wish to have a London rival, and more especiaUy when it is remembered what a large amount of vituperation, and virulent abuse appeared some time since in that paper against the Association and its Journal. Dr. Ranking, after a little show of that temper which was apparent in a late correspondence, has resigned the Editorship. 1, for one, trust that all ill-feeling between the hostile parties has " gone" with his " occupation," and that the present Editor, under whose management our Journal has much improved, will still continue his endeavours to raise the publications of the Association, so that the members may not be obliged to take the Medical Times or the Lancet to make themselves acquainted with what is going on in the medical world, as they are now obliged to do. I am, Sir, your obedient Servant, * w. (We have nothing to do with the " Transactions," which are Edited by the Secretary.-ED. J.]


A large panel of T cell clones (TCC) specific for the recombinant form of Poa pratensis allergen (rKBG7.2 or Poa p9) were established from the peripheral blood of a grass pollen‐sensitive donor in the absence or presence of recombinant interferon‐α (IFN‐α) in bulk culture and their pattern of cytokine secretion, peptide reactivity and TCR Vβ repertoire was examined. The majority of allergen‐specific TCC derived in absence of IFN‐α produced high amounts of interleukin‐4 (IL‐4) and IL‐5 but not IFN‐γ (Th2 cells), while most of TCC derived in presence of IFN‐α produced IFN‐γ but not, or limited amounts of, IL‐4 and IL‐5 (Th1 or Th0 cells). Of 24 TCC established in the presence of IFN‐α, 22 were able to recognize a single allergen peptide, p26, while none of the clones established in the absence of IFN‐α showed a similar specificity. The majority of both clones expressed the Vβ2 element regardless of whether they were established in the presence of IFN‐α, but the presence of IFN‐α favored the expansion of Vβ2+, Vβ17+ and Vβ22+ Poa p9‐specific T cells, whereas in the absence of IFN‐α, other TCR Vβ‐bearing T cells (Vβ5, Vβ6.7 and Vβ14) were expanded in addition to Vβ2+ T cells. None of Vβ2+ clones established in the absence of IFN‐α reacted with p26, whereas all the Vβ2+ clones established in its presence responded to this peptide. IFN‐α also shifted the TCR Vβ repertoire of both Poa p9‐ and Lolium perenne group 1 (Lol p1)‐specific T cell lines generated from the same patient and from a different grass‐sensitive individual. These data demonstrate that IFN‐α modulates the development of allergen‐specific T cells in vitro, and suggest that IFN‐α may represent an useful tool for novel immunotherapeutic approaches in allergic disorders.


A series of pollen assemblages and the environments of deposition are shown by samples from 143 levels of interbedded sand, silt, clay, and peaty and woody sediments in sections from the Pleistocen...


The development status of nuts industry is analyzed in this paper,the technology,equipment,marketing and other aspects of the innovating development as well as raw materials,quality and other issues and shortages are also described.It is lied foundation for further development of nut industry.


Conditions found in patient transport are not always the most favorable and are the main contributors to a precarious ergonomic performance. Ergonomics is the relationship between man and the working environment; it effectively contributes to a good development of tasks and makes us to position properly to carry out activities in the exercise of function against any physical effort that might be harmful to the musculoskeletal system. The study aimed to characterize the socio-demographic profile of patient's rescuer drivers, knowing the physical activities developed and their complaints about transport use. It is a transversal exploratory study with a quantitative approach. The professionals suffer from some kind of musculoskeletal complaints due to posture or inadequate ergonomic conditions present in the inter-hospital transport of patients, therefore, it is necessary adequacy of ambulances or ministration of training to professionals to reduce


Lanthanide phosphate microspheres composed of single-crystal CePO4 and CePO4:Tb nanorods were successfully synthesized, respectively, using the functionalized composite aggregate as a template, which is composed of P123, H6P4O13 and Ce3+, and also as a resource of reaction species with high chemical potential. The shape and the phase structure of the CePO4 nanocrystal can be easily controlled via adjusting reaction temperature, monomer concentration and annealing temperature. SEM images show the spherical superstructure composed of nanorods. HRTEM and SAED images reveal the single-crystalline nature of nanorod and TEM images show the hollow interiors of the superstructure. XRD patterns indicate that the crystal structure of the nanorods is hexagonal before and monoclinic after annealing. The formation mechanism was proposed. Strong UV and green luminescence were observed for the CePO4 and CePO4:Tb microspheres, respectively. The synthesis method can be extended to the fabrication of NRHS and core–shell microspheres of other rare-earth or doped LnPO4 materials for wide applications.


In Queensland, ewes slaughtered at coastal abattoirs come from widely separated localities; they provide a promising source of material for the assessment of the current sexual activity of ewes in various localities. However, it was observed by Braden and Moule (1964) that anoestrous ewes transported for prolonged periods ovulated within a week of the commencement of the journey. In addition, Shorthorn heifers moved by motor transport ovulated soon after the journey (Lamond 1962).


This paper addresses an integrated production and delivery batch scheduling problem for a make-to-order environment over daily time period, where the holding costs of in-process and completed parts at a supplier location and of completed parts at a manufacturer location are distinguished. All orders of parts with different due dates from the manufacturer arrive at the same time. The parts are produced in production batches and subsequently the completed parts are delivered in delivery batches using a capacitated vehicle in order to be received at the respective due dates. This study was aimed at finding an integrated schedule of production and delivery batches so as to meet the due date at minimum total cost consisting of the corresponding holding cost and delivery cost. The holding cost is a derivation of the so-called actual flow time (AFT), while the delivery cost is assumed to be proportional to the number of deliveries. The problems can be formulated as an integer non-linear programming model, and the global optimal solution can be obtained using optimization software. A heuristic algorithm is proposed to cope with the computational time problem using software. The numerical experiences show that the proposed algorithm yields near global optimal solutions.


Configurationally unstable biaryl lactones of type (M)-1 ⇌ (P)-1 and ring-opened 2-acyl-2'-hydroxy biaryl compounds of type (M)-4 ⇌ (P)-4 are versatile precursors for the atroposelective preparation of axially chiral biaryls. The activation barriers of their atropisomerization process, which constitutes a fundamental precondition for the dynamic kinetic resolution, were determined by dynamic NMR spectroscopy for rapid processes and by HPLC-monitored racemization of enantiomerically enriched material for smaller interconversion rates. For the lactones, the free activation energies ΔG⧧298 increase with the steric demand of the substituent R ortho to the biaryl axis in the series H < OMe (t1/2 ≈ ms) < Me (t1/2 ≈ s) < Et < i-Pr (t1/2 ≈ min) < t-Bu (t1/2 ≈ d). The formally ring-opened 2-acyl-2'-hydroxy biaryls, which interconvert via the lactol isomers 5 as the cyclic (and thus configurationally less stable) intermediates, have a significantly slower atropisomerization rate as a result of the high loss in acti...


This article tries figures that there was a non-substantial town plan- ning of early Shanghai,by analyzing the literary"Land Regulations"and compari- son of the two maps of Shanghai in 1855 with the map of 1864.


This paper explores the importantance of greenways in urban and rural living areas from the macro,moderate and micro levels as well as the significance of greenways in urban greenery.Based on Professor Philip H.Lewis Jr's research,it introduces the new concept of E-ways.With Shanghai Baoshan District Greenway,Planning Feasibility of Shanghai Greenery Eco-network,Green Space System Planning in Wuxi of Jiangsu Province and Akesu of Xinjiang Province as examples,it explores the evolution of the research and practice of greenways in China.In addition,it discusses the key issues for the development of greenways and green eco-space in urban and rural areas.It also explores the significance of greenways in the micro-level given Bailang River Waterfront Landscape Planning in Weifang of Shandong Province and Master Planning of Shengzhou Penshan Terrace in Zhejiang.


Abstract The neutralizing characteristics of MSWI bottom ash over a pH range between 4 and 12 were investigated using a reaction path model. Experimental data on the pH titration combined with the geochemical simulation were used to obtain the reacted fractions of the main constituents that are Ca hydroxide and carbonate and Al and Si oxides/hydroxides. The simulation results combined with the sensitivity analysis of the reaction system provided an insight into the neutralizing processes of MSWI bottom ash. The geochemical simulations showed the reactivities of major constituents of the solid waste in neutralizing reactions. In the most interesting pH range (pH4–12), the calcium‐containing constituents and carbonates made large contributions to the acid neutralizing capacity of the solid waste. The contributions of Si‐ and Al‐component to the neutralizing reactions were more complex, which could be explained by the interaction of multiple phases and equilibria in the system. Secondary phases played an imp...


gross a uniform blue-gray discoloration of the and spleen. This change was also present but less in the kidneys and heart muscle. This bluish discoloration to purple, almost black, within 30 minutes of exposure to air. The unexposed portions of the organs changed colour much more slowly. On microscopic examination changes of chronic pas-sive hyperaemia were seen in lungs, liver and spleen. lymphadenitis was present. Unusual accumulations of bile pigment in liver cells suggested biliary stasis, although no evidence of biliary obstruction was demonstrated. Disintegration of myelin sheaths of lumbar sympathetic nerves apparently represented non-specific degenerative changes. Nerve cells themselves were unaltered. Sections of brain, adrenals, pancreas, thyroid, pituitary, testis, prostate, bone marrow and intestinal tract showed no abnormality.


En Croute Catering Ltd have been shortlisted for the finals for Caterer of the Year at the 5th Scottish food awards.


Crash severity prediction has been raised as a key problem in traffic accident studies. Thus, to progress in this area, in this study, a thorough artificial neural network combined with an improved metaheuristic algorithm was developed and tested in terms of its structure, training function, factor analysis, and comparative results. Data from I5, an interstate highway in the Washington State during the period of 2011–2015, were used for fitting and prediction, and after setting the theoretical three-layer neural network (NN), an improved Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) method with adaptive inertial weight was offered to optimize the NN, and finally, a comparison among different adaptive strategies was conducted. The results showed that although the algorithms produced almost the same accuracy in their predictions, a backpropagation method combined with a nonlinear inertial weight setting in PSO produced fast global and accurate local optimal searching, thereby demonstrating a better understanding of the entire model explanation, which could best fit the model, and at last, the factor analysis showed that non-road-related factors, particularly vehicle-related factors, are more important than road-related variables. The method developed in this study can be applied to a big data analysis of traffic accidents and be used as a fast-useful tool for policy makers and traffic safety researchers.


Almost every speaker at RACI conferences uses slides or overhead transparencies to illustrate topics and to emphasize important points. All too often however, these visual aids fail to achieve their desired purpose because they are illegible or too complex for easy assimilation by the audience. Such visual 'aids' annoy the viewers, devalue the information presented, and are therefore a waste of production effort.


Although life and questions connected with its definition among traditional philosophical topics, at the beginning of the twenty-first century and after roughly two and a half thousand years of philosophical tradition no satisfactory definition of life is at one's disposal. Though difficulties bond up with life definition dont accompany philosophy alone, but also almost all fields touched by this topic. Causes of this state of affairs can be viewed as a combination of several complementary connected facts. Those facts are in the text stated as reasons against the possibility of creating universal definition of life and apply here one by one to the origin of life a postulated boarder line between life and nonlife, evolution of life and its variedness, multiplicity of definitions of life and still going discoveries of new organisms, philosophical tradition and lack of clarity of concepts, evolution of life as a historical process, critique of definitions of life from the point of view of "sample one" and reflection of the concept life by conceptual analysis. Particular sources are about to be


A chip coil component may include: a ceramic body including a plurality of first to fourth insulating layers, and an internal coil including a first internal pattern part having the plurality of first insulating layers on which first pattern portions are disposed and a second internal pattern part having the plurality of second insulating layers on which second pattern portions are disposed. The first pattern portions disposed on the plurality of first insulating layers are disposed to correspond to each other and are connected to each other by two first connection terminals each having one via electrode, and the second pattern portions disposed on the plurality of second insulating layers are disposed to correspond to each other and are connected to each other by two second connection terminals each having one via electrode.


The invention discloses an assembling tool for a non-full-circle key-contained cylindrical pin in an inner cavity workpiece. The assembling tool can guarantee the assembling quality. A location block is arranged behind a location plate, and the front end face of a transition boss is opposite to the rear end face of the location plate; two slide blocks are arranged in a middle square groove of the location block, and a longitudinally matched limit groove of each slide block corresponds to a longitudinal limit groove of the location block; a middle hole of the location block and a location hole of the location plate are in micro clearance fit with a connection portion of a support part, and small concave cylindrical faces of the two slide blocks are in micro clearance fit with the connection portion of the support part; the rear end of the support end is arranged in large concave cylindrical faces of the two slide blocks; two location pins are assembled in key groove holes on the two sides of the location plate, and the rear ends of the location pins extend out of the rear end face of the location plate; the connection portions of two leaf springs are respectively connected with the top of the location block, the elastic compression portions of the leaf springs downwards penetrate through one longitudinal limit groove of the location block to enter the longitudinally matched limit groove of one slide block, and the lower ends of the leaf springs inwards and elastically abut against the longitudinal match limit grooves.


We have studied superluminescent diodes (SLDs) and semiconductor optical amplifiers (SOAs) based on an (AlxGa1-x)As/GaAs single quantum well structure with an Al content x ∼ 0.1 in a 10-nm-thick active layer. Depending on the length of the active channel, the single-mode fibre coupled cw output power of the SLDs is 1 to 30 mW at a spectral width of about 50 nm. The width of the optical gain band in the active channel exceeds 40 nm. Preliminary operating life tests have demonstrated that the devices are sufficiently reliable.


The occupational health surveillance system is established to prevent occurrence of the occupational high altitude disease and other occupational diseases during the construction of the Qinghai-Tibet railway. There are three components in this system-the labor environment monitoring system, the occupational disease monitoring system and the health surveillance information management system. The surveillance is targeted at such diseases as the high altitude disease, dust lung disease, lung function defects, occupational toxicosis, ultraviolet injury and occupational audition injury. The surveillance period is 3 months. The system organization structure, the number of layers and its information transfer direction was designed and evaluated. The computer management software of health surveillance information for Qinghai-Tibet railway is developed, which consists of the health surveillance system and health surveillance assessment report system with such functions as the basic database, statistics report forms database and evaluation report output.


Closed‐form yield loci are proposed for branch junctions under combined pressure and in‐plane bending, via small‐strain three‐dimensional finite element (FE) limit load analyses using elastic—perfectly plastic materials. Two types of bending loading are considered: bending on the branch pipe and that on the run pipe. For bending on the run pipe, the effect of the bending direction is further considered. Comparison with extensive FE results shows that predicted limit loads using the proposed solutions are overall conservative and close to FE results. The proposed solutions are believed to be valid for the branch‐to‐run pipe ratios of radius and of thickness from 0.0 to 1.0, and the mean radius‐to‐thickness ratio of the run pipe from 5.0 to 20.0.


SIR—We read with interest the report of Anderson et al. (1) concerning the use of baclofen pumps and reversible coma in children. We would like to report three children who experienced similar reversible coma following placement of baclofen pumps under general anaesthesia. All three were alert and responding when discharged from the PACU to the ward. However, 1.5 h later, we were asked to reevaluate the patients because of coma, hypotension, and bradycardia. Since the patients had received morphine in the PACU, a trial of Narcan was used with no improvement. All patients were given oxygen, fluid boluses and atropine. The baclofen infusion was stopped, and we continued to monitor our patients with other interventions. All of our patients responded slowly to our therapeutic measures and made an uneventful recovery. We thank Anderson et al. for their report and excellent discussion of the issues relating to starting the baclofen infusion in the immediate postoperative period and the concerns and confusion in treatment decisions. Timothy W. Martin James F. Mayhew Arkansas Children's Hospital Little Rock, AR, USA


Objective: The Clinical Global Impression-Severity (CGI), a global psychiatric assessment scale with only one rating item, has been recommended by our Central Health Insurance Bureau for evaluating mentally-ill patients in clinical settings. This study, utilizing rigorous statistics in a large psychiatric population, investigated the correlation of scores of the CGI and the Positive and utilizing rigorous statistics in a large psychiatric population, investigated the correlation of scores of the CGI and the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS), a comprehensive psychiatric rating scale with 30 items and adequate reliability. Patients and Methods: One hundred and twenty one newly hospitalized schizophrenia patients with acute exacerbation entered this prospective 6-week repeated measures study. Clinical assessments were conducted biweekly with the CGI and PANSS. The logarithms of PANSS total scores were selected to serve as the outcome values because they were normally distributed and thus suitable for regression analyses. To determine the effects of CGI scores on outcome values, generalized estimating equation methods were utilized to adjust the effects of other possible prognostic factors and take into account the within-subject dependence over repeated assessments. Results: Both CGI and PANSS scores declined gradually during the study period. After adjusting the effects of the study duration and other variables, each score increase in the CGI raised the total PANSS score by 16.5% on average (ρ<0.0001). In addition, every 1-week increment in poior hospitalization duration also increased the total PANSS score by 0.02% (ρ<0.0001). Other possible prognostic factors did not significantly influence the outcome value. Conclusion: The results suggest that CGI scores are significantly realated to PANSS total scores in acutely ill schizophrenia inpatients. To our knowledge, this is the first study revealing this correlation and it has important clinical implications. Further studies are warranted, particularly for other populations such as chronically ill patients or outpatients.


An active blade designed for the control of rotor vibrations and noise has been developed. Active fiber composites have been integrated within the composite rotorblade spar to induced shear stresses. These shear stresses result in a distributed twisting moment along the blade. The design of an active blade model based on a 1/6th Mach-scale Chinook CH-47D is reviewed. The design goals included +/- 2 degree(s) of blade tip twist with a maximum of 20% added blade mass. Details of the requirements for the active fiber composites subjected to 160 kt, 3g maneuver loads and the experimentally determined actuator capabilities are reviewed. The testing of a half-span active blade test article is described. Twist actuation performance is compared with model predictions. Preliminary results from bench testing and full Mach-scale hover testing of the integral blade are presented.


What is the context in which someone should be understood? It makes a difference whom one wants to understand, as Franz Rosen zweig himself noted. In the conclusion of his doctoral dissertation, he wrote, "Just as [it is] with the life of Luther, so it is also with the life of Goethe: one only does it justice if one sees it in the context of a total intellectual history of the nation. Hegel should be grasped in narrower bounds ?at least with respect to his national-historical significance, [even if] not with respect to his world-historical significance. In all regions of his impact ... a leading idea of the German 19th century is expressed."1 This is hardly to belittle Hegel. Rosenzweig regarded Hegel as bound up with what he often referred to simply as "1800": "the epochal divide which stands for us as the classical moment of modern German intellec


Direct methods are one of the great success stories of crystallography. From modest beginnings in the mid 1940's and with the work of such pioneers as Wilson, Sayre, Hauptman, Karle, Woolfson, Main and Sheldrick, we now have a technique for tackling the phase problem that is capable of solving even small protein structures (provided that data to ca 1.1 AÊ are available) as well as structural problems from powder and electron diffraction data. The impact of the methodology on chemistry was acknowledged through the award of a 1985 Nobel Prize to Hauptman and Karle. Among these pioneers, we must also number Carmelo Giacovazzo whose programs SIR and SIRPOW are used throughout the world, and who is a proli®c contributor to Section A of Acta Crystallographica. Indeed, this is not his ®rst book on the subject; he is also the author of Direct methods in crystallography (Academic Press, 1980), but this is no longer available, and anyway, a great deal has changed in this ®eld in the intervening 20 years, and this alone makes the monograph welcome. In fact, there are very few books on this subject, which is surprising given its scope and importance; very often it gets relegated to rather incomplete (and sometimes incorrect) coverage in general crystallography texts. The intended audience for Giacovazzo's book is wide, and includes undergraduates, graduate students and professional crystallographers. It is important that books of this sort do address a wide readership, since direct methods are still a very active ®eld. As an indicator of this activity, since this monograph was published there have been major advances in powder diffraction using modelling techniques, the use of direct methods to locate Se atoms from MAD data and the extension of ab initio phasing to protein structures with nearly 2000 atoms in the asymmetric unit. So, what of the book? The ®rst impression is that it represents an immense work of scholarship. With 767 pages and over 1200 references (but with only the ®rst page numbers given), Giacovazzo has constructed an enormous reference volume that scans and surveys the whole of the ®eld of direct methods with authority and useful critical insight. There is very little of the subject that has been missed and not scrutinized. The text is enhanced by descriptions of algorithms, examples of direct methods using real data with the results described in detail, and the use of appendices to keep some of the mathematics under control; given the mathematical nature of direct methods, the proliferation of equations can be a problem for many readers. The contents span Wilson statistics, structure invariants and seminvariants including Giacovazzo's representation theory and their use in tangent type formulae for phase determination. Most of this work is based on probability arguments and the use of Wilson statistics. Extensions to the theory for neutron, electron and powder diffraction data then follow. This is very welcome: it is especially good to see a discussion of electron diffraction, the Cinderella of structural crystallography. All these topics ®ll over half the book, which then moves on to extending the role of direct methods from a technique of ab initio structure solution for small molecules to a phasere®nement and phase-extension method in macromolecular crystallography. To do this, one has to interpret and rede®ne the term `direct methods' rather more loosely than many crystallographers would like, but there can be no doubt that this serves a useful function and extends the scope and readership of the book. A footnote on page 468 explains this shift of terminology clearly. In this context, there are discussions of MIR and SIR theory, anomalous dispersion including the MAD method, molecular replacement, and the maximum entropy formalism. The coverage is good, but readers will also need Drenth's book Principles of protein X-ray crystallography (Springer, 1999) to put these techniques into a working macromolecular crystallographic context. The monograph concludes with six brief appendices concerned with special mathematical functions and more advanced probability theory ± I would have put much more material from the main text here to improve the book's readability. There are some problems, many of which are inevitable with a book of this size. It is undoubtedly hard to read, and the slightly stilted English does not help. There are some rather unusual expressions, e.g. `home diffractometer'. I must say I don't have one at home, it is safely installed in the lab! The text refuses to ̄ow, and chunks of Giacovazzo's earlier book can be found in a lot of places. Some of the diagrams and ®gures are poorly presented, and the protein electrondensity maps would bene®t from the use of colour. Work is sometimes not referenced properly; e.g. the derivation of the maximum entropy equations in a crystallographic environment is almost identical to that derived by Bricogne [Acta Cryst. (1984), A40, 410± 445], but this is not mentioned at this juncture. An excellent book on direct methods by Woolfson & Fan: Physical and nonphysical methods of solving crystal structures (Cambridge University Press, 1995) is absent from the list of references. In the desire to be complete, some material, e.g. origin de®nition, is given more space that current uses of direct methods would warrant, and a lot of mathematics could be truncated or greatly abbreviated since the full derivations are available elsewhere, and the algebraic details can often obscure the important salient facts. An introductory chapter would also have been very useful; we are thrown directly into Wilson statistics with very little preamble or even a de®nition of direct methods. As a text for undergraduates, the book is far too demanding; for postgraduates, its appeal will largely be to those working in the ®eld, but as a source book for research workers, however, it is unrivalled. There is one last very major criticism, however: how can a volume of such a size appear with an index of a mere 212 pages ± only about 250 entries? This is a huge pity since it limits its usefulness as a general reference book; ®nding what you want is very dif®cult.


Ms. Kagan and Ms. Stewart, guest editors of this special section, present a discussion of the need to strengthen international education in American schools. Noting the gap between American students' international knowledge and skills and those they will need to effectively navigate an increasingly interconnected world, the editors sound a call not only to promote international education in our schools but to rethink the intent of education in the 21st century. We live in a truly global age. . . . To solve most of the major problems facing our country today -- from wiping out terrorism to minimizing global environmental problems to eliminating the scourge of AIDS -- will require every young person to learn more about other regions, cultures, and languages. - U.S. Secretary of State Colin Powell Ours is a world of 24-hour news cycles, global markets, and high-speed Internet. We need to look no further than our morning paper to see that our future, and the future of our children, is inextricably linked to the complex challenges of the global community. And for our children to be prepared to take their place in that world and rise to those challenges, they must first understand it. - U.S. Secretary of Education Rod Paige Our students are trapped in a kind of educational isolationism, which may have suited the Industrial Age but leaves students desperately underprepared for the demands of the 21st-century global economy. Every student will need a solid grounding of knowledge about the history of the U.S. and our vital democratic institutions. But we must also integrate knowledge of world history, geography, science and technology, world languages, literature, and international affairs into the school day. - Former North Carolina Gov. James B. Hunt, Jr. As diverse as America has become, it remains remarkably inward-looking. Without an educational and media establishment that takes on the responsibility of teaching and informing and respecting the riches of foreign cultures, this country could become a paranoid and parochial suburb of a vital global village. - CBS News Correspondent Morley Safer, Co-editor, "60 Minutes" AS THE comments to the right clearly indicate, increasing global interdependence, though a dominant feature of our age, has, until recently, been a neglected aspect of American education reform. What many know intuitively -- but have not dared to admit -- is that American students' knowledge of other countries, cultures, and languages has not begun to keep pace with the escalating importance of this knowledge to our nation's economic prosperity and national security. While shocking, this situation has some obvious explanations. In the past, for example, complex international transactions were the domain of diplomats and international policy and business experts. Educators were remote from the international agenda. Despite periodic calls for more internationalized content, international education was simply not seen as germane to the needs of most Americans, except in intermittent periods of national crisis. Today, however, globalization is driving demand for an internationally competent work force. New security challenges require greater proficiency in world languages, and the increasing diversity in our nation's classrooms and workplaces necessitates a greater understanding of other cultures. Ensuring basic academic skills for all students, the major focus of education reform over the past decade, is certainly fundamental, but looking ahead in a rapidly globalizing world, we must consider what other knowledge and skills will be important to students' success as workers and citizens in the 21st century. Among these will certainly be international knowledge and skills. Defining International Education The term "international education" is used to describe a range of activities in different contexts. …


Social indicators were used to assess needfor acute psychiatric services in New York State. When indicators are regressed against service use rates, epidemiologically relevant indicators receive low weighting in projecting need, undermining the very purpose of using indicators in the first place. Simpler statistical techniques may be as useful as more sophisticated ones, particularly if the analyst's intent is to edify the statistically uninitiated.


Sub-wavelength structures are enabling the design of devices based in dielectric waveguides with unprecedented performance in both the near-infrared and mid-infrared wavelength regions. These devices include fiber-to-chip grating couplers with sub-decibel efficiency, waveguide couplers with bandwidths of several hundred nanometers, and low loss suspended waveguides. Here we will report our progress in the electromagnetic modelling and simulation of sub-wavelength structures, providing at the same time an intuitive vision of their fundamental optical properties. Furthermore, we will address design strategies for several integrated optical devices based on these structures, and present the latest experimental results for structures operating both at near and mid-infrared wavelengths.


This research is based primarily on the conflict generated by the law when, in an effort to protect the integrity of the child, violates the rights of those who are obliged to provide food, regardless of the economic capacity of the obligor.
The National Council for Childhood and Adolescence, sets the values to pay, if food trial, by the applicant. These rates vary depending on the age and number of food; and income of the respondent.
Now, if indeed you can not forsake the child under any circumstances, it is also true that many times the defendant is not in economic capacity to respond or comply with its obligation in the manner established by the Pension Table Low Food, approved by the National Council for Childhood and Adolescence and now by the Ministry of Economic and Social Inclusion, so much so, that a high percentage of defendants are deprived of freedom for failing to fulfill their obligations and others are left without resources to meet their basic as needs are food, housing, health, clothing.

For this, a study of judgments of food presented in the city of Zamora in 2013, with the assumptions that were made in this investigation it was concluded so unequal treatment of rights was made it was found obligor must also be covered by the Act for in the relationship created to ensure the right to food, there are two subjects that are the obligor and the food must be deemed to equal opportunities both in the practice of law and in the exercise of defense principles that should not be absent in the development of a conflict that is generated in law and obligations that must be perfectly under certain concepts of equity and fairness to both parties. So we made a proposal to amend Article 15 of the Act of the Code of Childhood and adolescence in which a new clause be included to protect the obligor, you may have a decent life and do not order the begging


Castoriadis proposes the 'radical imaginary' as the psychological foundation of human society. A developmental analysis of this concept links it on the cognitive side to what Piaget describes as objec


The present work describes the preparation of novel compounds based on the structure of 2- substituted benzo(b)-furo(2,3-h)(1,6)napthyridin-5(4H)-one (10). Their methyl and methoxy derivatives were synthesized and their cytotoxicity evaluated against a cancer cell line HeLa. The analogue bearing methyl group on the system is three times more potent than the methoxy group. One could suggest that the methyl group activates the inhibitor's site. These results provide new information on the structure activity relationship of these naphthyridine based systems.


. This is a survey paper dealing with holomorphic foliations, with emphasis on Residue Theory and its applications. We start recalling the definition of holomorphic foliations as a subsheaf of the tangent sheaf of a manifold. The theory of Characteristic Classes of vector bundles is approached from this perspective. We define Chern Class of holomorphic foliations using the Chern-Weil theory and we remark that the Baum-Bott residue is a great tool that help us to classify some foliations. We present along the survey several recent results and advances in residue theory. We finish the work present some applications of residues to solve for example the Poincaré problem and the existence of minimal sets for foliations.


ABSTRACT Although tourism scholarship supports the idea that the appreciation of a tourism experience depends on the availability and communication of stories, attention has been paid almost exclusively on marketers and tourism organizers as the main designers and promoters of narratives, ignoring the role of tourists themselves in this process. Using heritage museums as an empirical context, this research suggests that the success of a narrative presentation in tourism destinations also depends on the tourists' involvement, willingness, and ability to actively participate in the storytelling experience. In this sense, tourists act as story-builders whose main task is to construct a historical narrative based on the selection and integration of the available sources. The findings show that museum visitors go through a three-stage process during their effort to complete a heritage narrative and make sense of their tourism experience. This work sheds light on the coconstruction of tourism experiences and provides marketing direction for the successful narrative staging of museums and tourism places in general.


We explore the inhomogeneous and homogeneous contributions to the exciton linewidth that have allowed the recent observation of room temperature excitonic absorption in II–VI semiconductor quantum wells. Our measurements of the absorption spectrum in a range of CdxZn1−xTe/ZnTe quantum well heterostructures indicate that temperature‐dependent contributions to the exciton linewidth are influenced by alloy composition.


A technique for recovering phase-locked microwave subcarriers or clocks from optical signals is presented. A coherent phase-locked synchronous oscillator (CPSO) locks to the subcarrier of an optically injected signal and allows coherent demodulation of 1.4-Gb/s PSK modulation of a 4.2-GHz subcarrier. It appears to be a general technique for extracting phase-locked spectral components of optical sources and should prove useful for a variety of modulation schemes. Improved performance is expected from custom oscillators designed for optical injection, which utilize components with enhanced optical sensitivity and allow fiber optic access. The optical wavelength is determined by the Si varactor optical sensitivity and by voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO) availability; other wavelengths (e.g. 1.3-1.5 mu m) should be possible by using VCOs with varactors made of an appropriate material (e.g. InGaAs).<<ETX>>


The US Forest Service Center for Forested Wetlands Research is working on a South Carolina Department of Health and Environmental Control (SC DHEC)'s Section 319 Grant Program funded Total Maximum Daily Load (TMDL) project for the watershed of Chapel Branch Creek (CBC) draining to Lake Marion in Santee, South Carolina (Fig. 1). The Santee Limestone, a major aquifer for the region, where groundwater flows northeast to Lake Marion, underlies the watershed. Lake Marion is the dammed portion of the Santee River, which continues to flow past the Santee Dam and serves as the northern boundary for Francis Marion National Forest.


1. The high voltage source (81) for providing constant voltage DC power, comprising: a set kondensatorov- the first electrode (37) which can be brought to the first potential, - a second electrode (39) which is arranged concentrically to the first electrode and can It is given to the second potential, different from the first potential, - with several concentrically arranged to one another intermediate electrodes (33) which are arranged concentrically to one another between a first electrode (37) and second electrode (39) and which are s can be given by the sequence of growing stages potential which is between the first potential and second potential, the switching device (35), which are connected to the electrodes (33, 37, 39) a set of electrodes and is configured such that when the switching device ( 35) arranged concentrically to each other electrodes (33, 37, 39) electrode sets can be actuated at the growing stage of building, the distance between the electrodes (33, 37, 39) a set of capacitors is reduced toward the central th electrode (37) .2. The high-voltage source (81) DC of claim 1, wherein the switching device (35) is configured so that the electrodes (33, 37, 39) outside the set of capacitors, in particular through the outermost electrode (39) via the AC pump voltages can charge and thereby be actuated in potentsiala.3 growing stage. The high-voltage source (81) a constant voltage according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the distance between the electrodes (33, 37, 39) a set of capacitors which decreases toward the center electrode (37) is chosen such


In the title salt (C7H11N2)2[Cu(C4N2S2)2], the Cu2+ ion is coordinated by four S atoms of two 1,2-dicyanoethene-1,2-dithiolate (or maleonitriledithiolate, mnt2−) ligands in an approximate square-planar geometry. The Cu atom is located on an inversion centre. Strong hydrogen-bonding interactions between the pyridinium proton and the CN groups of the mnt2− ligand link anions and cations into a one-dimensional chain structure.


Working at Oslo Metropolitan University, which aspire to be a "university for professional education", I often sense an expectation that my teaching should have "practical relevance" for the students. But does it need to, always?


Compliance with the principles of rational nutrition by the able-bodied population ensures the processes of biotransformation of harmful factors of the working environment, reduces the level of alimentary-dependent morbidity, occupational morbidity, industrial injuries, and contributes to an increase in labor productivity. The aim is to assess the nutritional-related health risks of the working-age population based on the cluster analysis of actual nutrition in order to develop preventive programs. The study involved 1624 people aged 18 to 65, 745 men and 879 women (workers in industrial enterprises, health care institutions, education, agriculture, and the private sector of the economy). The actual nutrition of the able-bodied population was carried out according to the questionnaire-survey method using the «Nutriprof» software complex, anthropometric indicators, hemodynamic parameters, indicators of carbohydrate, lipid metabolism, and vitamin provision were studied. Assessment of the dependence of alimentary-related risk factors with the nature of eating behavior was carried out using logistic regression analysis. Logistic regression analysis of food clusters made it possible to identify groups of the working-age population with the maximum risk of load due to the nutritional factor. The greatest number of risks was identified in cluster 2 with a high adherence to a «high-calorie» diet (excessive consumption of bakery products, fat and oil, sausages, confectionery and sugary carbonated drinks). Cluster analysis of the actual nutrition of the working-age population can be used to study the influence of risk factors associated with nutrition on health, as well as to develop and implement programs in the field of healthy nutrition in the context of the prevention of food-dependent diseases.


In Einstein's gedankenexperiment for measuring space and time, an ensemble of clocks moving through curved spacetime measures geometry by sending signals back and forth, as in the global positioning system (GPS). Combining well-known quantum limits to measurement with the requirement that the energy density of clocks and signals be be no greater than the black hole density leads to the quantum geometric limit: the total number of ticks of clocks and clicks of detectors that can be contained in a four volume of spacetime of radius r and temporal extent t is less than or equal to rt/\pi l_P t_P, where l_P, t_P are the Planck length and time. The quantum geometric limit suggests that each event or `op' that takes place in a four-volume of spacetime is associated with a Planck-scale area. This paper shows that the quantum geometric limit can be used to derive general relativity: if each quantum event is associated with a Planck-scale area removed from two-dimensional surfaces in the volume in which the event takes place, then Einstein's equations must hold.


LEWIS AND TURNER (I) have reviewed the evidence for the noiveffectiveness of ovarian hormones in stimulating mammary gland hyperplasia in the hypophysectomized animal. The results of a number of such experiments, reported since 1935, have been uniformly negative. It has been shown that the mammary gland can be developed in hypophysectomizied animals with injections of anterior pituitary from pregnant animals or from animals given preliminary treatment with estrone (I-6). Guinea pigs, rabbits, rats and mice have been employed in such studies. Many experiments had shown that estrogen will grow the mammary ducts in most species, whereas a combination of estrogen and progestin is required to cause complete lobulealveolar proliferation (see Turner, 7, for review). When it was established, in this laboratory, that the ovarian hormones act on the AP causing development there of a mammary growth factor (I, 2), it seemed probable that the mammogenic growth complex consisted


André Corboz in his article "A good use of historical sites" develops a model of city planning based on the conservation of cultural goods. 1 Considering Corboz model of city planning as a critical alternative to the productive rationality of common urbanization, the paper tries to answer the question of what is the "industrial" in former industrial cities, both in terms of preservation of industrial heritage and with regard to current urban planning policies like sustainable development. The purpose is to question the appearance of new territorial policies of urban renewal in two French former industrial sites, the sites Ile-de-Nantes and Docks-de-Seine, in which the preservation of industrial heritage is associated with sustainable urban planning programs and citizen engagement.


The study is conducted to investigate the extent of purchasing intention of local skincare products among Generation Y in Malaysia and its the relationship that involves variables partially adopted from protection motivation theory (PMT) such as perceived severity and whether social influence also play a catalyst element in those relationship as well. It is important to see the pattern of this behavioural element among Generation Y as this is the most targeted population of many brands as skincare consumption in Malaysia based on 2019 data which indicates an increase in purchased especially from the young generations below 30 years old. With the improvement of purchasing power and its uptrend rise in the consumption demand, it necessary for the marketeers and manufacturers to keep tab on their purchasing behaviours. More than a third of Generation Y have a tendency towards buying safer products after gathering information on social platform. This trend is likely on the high and shall have a significant impact on manufacturers of local skincare products in the near future. This study applies analysis technique using SmartPLS 3.4 version involved 197 respondent among Generation Y of various race in Malaysia. This study partially adopted Protection Motivation Theory (PMT) as main underlying framework to further explained the variables involved.


Copper oxide nanostructures have been successfully synthesized via one-step solid-state thermolysis of two metal-organic frameworks, [Cu3(btc)2] (1) and [Cu(tpa).(dmf)] (2), (btc = benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxylate, tpa = therephtalic acid = 1,4-benzendicarboxylic acid and dmf = dimethyl formamide) under air atmosphere at 400,  500, and 600°C. It has also been found that the reaction temperature plays a substantial role in the formation of copper oxide nanostructures. The obtained products were characterized by X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD),  Energy dispersive X-ray microanalysis (EDX), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Different reaction conditions were discussed. This study demonstrates that the metal-organic frameworks can be used as precursors for the preparation of nanoscale materials with difference and remarkable morphologies.


INTRODUCTION: A variety of animal models are used for spine research, due to the limited availability of human tissue. Bovine caudal discs have been shown to be an ideal animal analog for studying disc biomechanics because of the larger disc area and height, lower inter-specimen variability, and mechanical and biochemical properties that are comparable to healthy human lumbar discs [1-3]. Previous studies showed that mechanical and biochemical properties vary greatly throughout the human disc, although spatial resolution of the compositional analyses in these studies has been limited to a few sites (i.e., nucleus pulposus (NP) versus annulus fibrosus (AF), or inner versus outer AF) [2-7]. To date, radial variation of bovine disc composition has not been characterized, despite extensive use of bovine discs in the field. Thus, the aim of this study was to measure radial variation in biochemical composition of bovine caudal discs from the center of the disc (i.e., NP) to the outer AF. METHODS: Fresh bovine tails were obtained from local abattoirs (9 spines, age ~18 months). Surrounding musculature and ligaments were removed, and tails were hydrated in 0.15 M saline for 18 hours. Discs were removed from the top two levels (C1-C3) and placed on a freezing stage microtome (-16°C) to prepare ten concentric rings of equal thickness using biopsy punches/scalpel. Each layer was trimmed to produce specimens that weighed ~90 mg. Specimen wet weight was measured, then each sample was freeze-dried for 48 hours before re-weighing to obtain the sample dry weight (DW). Tissues were digested overnight in proteinase-K and biochemical assays were performed to measure sulfated glycosaminoglycan (s-GAG), collagen, and DNA contents. Water content was calculated as the difference between the wet and dry weights divided by the wet weight. Eight additional discs were used to evaluate radial variation in swelling properties. Tissue sections were prepared, as described above, and the wet weight of each fresh tissue section was recorded. Specimens were immersed in 10 mL of 0.15 M saline and allowed to free swell for 16 hours. The swelling ratio was calculated as the percent change in water content after free swelling. s-GAG content was measured for tissue digests and swelling solutions to calculate the percentage of s-GAGs leached into the saline bath during swelling. RESULTS: Changes in water, s-GAG, and collagen content were continuous and smooth from center of the disc to the outer AF (Fig. 1A-C). Although DNA content was relatively constant within the NP, there was a ~3-fold increase in DNA from the inner AF to the outer AF (Fig 1D). Similar to s-GAG content, swelling ratio gradually decreased from the disc center to the outer AF (Fig. 1E), and the layer-average swelling ratio was strongly correlated with sGAG content (Pearson's correlation, r = 0.95). There was also a gradual decrease in s-GAGs released into the surrounding solution from the center of the disc to the outer AF (i.e., 242 mg/g DW in the NP to 12 mg/g DW in the outer AF, Fig. 1F). Greater s-GAG leakage was observed in the NP than the AF, such that the measured tissue s-GAG corresponded to ~50% of the total s-GAG in the NP and ~70% of the total s-GAG in the AF. DISCUSSION: Biochemical properties in the disc varied greatly as a function of radial location. Changes in disc composition between the NP and AF were gradual and continuous, rather than a distinct separation, as observed with intradiscal pressure [8]. Although some computational studies account for differences in structural and biochemical properties of the NP and AF, heterogeneity within tissue subcomponents has often been neglected for simplicity [911]. The findings reported here are important for computational studies that aim to accurately describe disc mechanics under complex loading. Furthermore, the heterogeneous biochemical distribution partially explains wide variances in tissue composition reported in the literature. Interestingly, we observed a drastic increase in DNA content between the NP/AF transition zone and outer AF, agreeing with computational studies that reported restricted nutrient diffusion at the NP/AF interface [12], due to nutrient diffusion occurring either through the healthy endplate or outer AF. Our DNA results suggest that there may be more sufficient nutrient diffusion from the outer AF than the center of the endplate (i.e., NP or Layer 1). Swelling ratio was strongly correlated with s-GAG content, confirming the significant role of proteoglycans in tissue swelling. Consistent with observations in human discs, a greater percentage of sGAG leaked from NP explants during swelling than from AF explants [13], likely due to differences in porosity, collagen architecture, and, possibly, difference in the size of proteoglycan molecules [13]. There is a close relationship between compressive mechanics and GAG content [2]; therefore, s-GAG leakage during hydration should be considered when analyzing mechanical behaviors with respect to degeneration, as degenerative discs will likely lose a smaller percentage of s-GAGs. SIGNIFICANCE: Bovine caudal discs exhibit highly heterogeneous disc composition and swelling properties. Values reported here can be used to predict disc composition at any location within the disc, and to develop more sophisticated computational models that accurately consider local tissue swelling behavior and disc composition heterogeneity. REFERENCES: [1] O'Connell et al., Spine, 2007; [2] Beckstein, et al., Spine, 2008; [3] Showalter, et al., Spine, 2012; [4] Adams et al., Ann. rheum. Dis., 1976; [5] Bezci et al., JOR, 2018; [6] Fujita et al., JOR, 1997; [7] Cloyd et al., Spine, 2007; [8] Adams et al., J. Bone Joint Surg. Br., 1996; [9] Schroeder et al., Eur. Spine J., 2006; [10] Jacobs et al., J. Biomech., 2014; [11] Ehlers et al., Biomech. Model. Mechanobiol., 2009; [12] Gu et al., Spine, 2014; [13] Urban and Marudas, Connect. Tissue Res., 1981 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS: This work was supported by NSF CAREER Grant (1751212).


Considering the given integer p > 0 and the given real parameters a, ¡3 satisfying the conditions 0 < a < in ([4]) were introduced the operators Kni. j> ^ • L l ( [ 0 , l + p ] ) —+ C([0,1]) defined at (1.2) and some approximation properties of these operators were studied. In the present paper we are dealing with the simultaneous approximation of / g ([0,1+p]) (1 < j < m+p) using the operators Km'p ^ • More exactly, one proves that the sequence f} m eN converges to uniformly on [0,1], for any / 6 C([0,1+p]). Finally some particular cases are discussed. 1. Preliminaries Let p > 0 be a given integer and let a, ¡3 be real parameters satisfying the condition 0 < a < ¡3. The Stancu-Schurer operators Sm'p : C([0,1 + p]) —• C([0,1]) are defined by where pm,k() = (jT)(l — x)~ are the fundamental Schurer polynomials ([16]). For a — ¡3 = 0 the operators (1.1) are the Schurer operators ([16]) and for p = 0, a ^ 0, /? ^ 0 the operators (1.1) are the Stancu operators ([18]). For a = (3 = 0 and p = 0 the operators (1.1) are the classical Bernstein operators. The operators (1.1) belong to a class of multiparameter positive linear operators introduced by Stancu D.D. in 1966 ([19]). In ([3]) there were studied properties of simultaneous approximation for the operators (1.1). There was proved the following 2000 Mathematics Subject Classification: 41 A10, 41 A28, 41 A36.


The Porous-material Analysis Toolbox based on OpenFOAM is a fully portable OpenFOAM library. It is implemented to test innovative multiscale physics-based models for reacting porous materials that undergo recession. Current developments are focused on ablative materials. The ablative material response module implemented in the Porous-material Analysis Toolbox relies on an original high-fidelity ablation model. The governing equations are volume-averaged forms of the conservation equations for gas mass, gas species, solid mass, gas momentum, and total energy. It may also simply be used as a state-of-the-art ablation model when the right model options are chosen. As applications, three physical analyses are presented: 1) volume-averaged study of the oxidation of a carbon-fiber preform under dry air, 2) three-dimensional analysis of the pyrolysis gas flow in a porous ablative material sample facing an arcjet, and 3) comparison of a state-of-the-art and a high-fidelity model for the thermal and chemical respo...


We address a novel probability distribution, namely the log-Rayleigh distribution, suited to model the maximum occurring loads in a log-normal process. Log-normal processes in engineering applications can be used to model for example wave or wind loads acting on structures. Usually, to assess probabilistic events, e.g. the probability of failure of structures under log-normal load processes, the generation of time-histories is necessary. With the given probability distribution, the maximum load events can directly be sampled, eliminating this step. Also, since a closed form of the PDF is given, the integrals involved in reliability analysis can directly be evaluated. We show that the proposed log-Rayleigh distribution can accurately model the distribution of local maxima in each log-normal process when compared to samples obtained from a Monte Carlo approach. Furthermore, we conduct a parameter study to evaluate the influence of the parameters in the log-Rayleigh distribution. Details on the generation of a log-normal process and a benchmark of this process are also included. Finally, a mechanical model related to a static structural reliability analysis is evaluated to show suitable utilities of the newly formed log-Rayleigh distribution.


The purpose of the present invention is to efficiently generate a pansharpened image which has an appropriate tonal range and whereupon tone mapping processing has been carried out. Provided is an image processing device, comprising a tonal range-adjusted image generating unit which generates a first tonal range-converted image by converting the tonal range of a first image having one or more instances of color information. The image processing device further comprises a composite image generating means which generates a composite image which is an image which has one or more instances of color information and a resolution which is at least higher than the first image, by adjusting the first image using characteristic information generated on the basis of the first image and a second image which has a higher resolution than the first image and relating to the tonal range of the second image, and the tonal range of the first tonal range-converted image.


A computational framework for statistically characterizing electric (E-) fields generated during transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is presented. The framework combines a high dimensional model representation (HDMR) technique with a quasi-static finite-difference (QSFD) simulator to obtain statistics of E-fields due to uncertainty in the TMS setup and patient's brain anatomy. Application of the proposed computational framework shows that E-fields induced by TMS are highly sensitive to the position and orientation of TMS coils, as well as the size of patient's brain.


Trust and reputation of web services is usually established based on the historical information about past transactions or rating scores collected over a period of time. However, when a new web service joins a community, normally there is not much information to be relied on to evaluate its initial reputation. Therefore trust bootstrapping, the technique to establish trust for a web service based on very limited information becomes a real challenge that most of the current models of web service trust neglect. In this paper, we present a comprehensive approach with various techniques to tackle this problem. In particular, we propose inheritance mechanism, referral mechanism, and guarantee mechanism for bootstrapping the trust and reputation of a new web service according to its associated characteristics. Moreover, the existing trust and reputation models can be effectively leveraged with the support of the proposed bootstrapping mechanisms. Detailed experimental results are provided to evaluate the approach.


This experimental study aimed to study correlation between volemia and cardiac ultrasonographic parameters during an hemorrhagic shock in a piglet model. The use of ultrasonography could be an approach to evaluate volume of bleeding during hemorrhagic shock in critical care. BACKGROUND Assessment of the volemic loss is a major challenge during the management of hemorrhagic shock. Echocardiography is an increasingly used noninvasive tool for hemodynamic assessment. In mechanically ventilated patients, some studies suggest that respiratory variations of mean subaortic time-velocity integral (∆VTI) would be predictive of fluid filling response. An experimental model of controlled hemorrhagic shock provides a precise approach to study correlation between blood volume and cardiac ultrasonographic parameters. OBJECTIVES The main objective was to analyze the ∆VTI changes during hemorrhage in an anesthetized-piglet model of controlled hemorrhagic shock. The secondary objective was to evaluate ∆VTI during the resuscitation process after hemorrhage and other echocardiographic parameters changes during the whole protocol. METHODS Twenty-four anesthetized and ventilated piglets were bled until mean arterial pressure reached 40 mm Hg. Controlled hemorrhage was maintained for 30 minutes before randomizing the piglets to two resuscitation groups: fluid filling group resuscitated with saline solution and noradrenaline group resuscitated with saline solution and noradrenaline. Echocardiography and hemodynamic measures, including pulsed pressure variations (PPV), were performed at different stages of the protocol. RESULTS The correlation coefficient between ΔVTI and PPV with the volume of bleeding during the hemorrhagic phase were respectively 0.24 (95% confidence interval, 0.08–0.39; p < 0.01) and 0.57 (95% CI, 0.44–0.67; p < 0.01). Two parameters had a moderate correlation coefficient with hemorrhage volume (over 0.5): mean subaortic time-velocity index (VTI) and mitral annulus diastolic tissular velocity (E′). CONCLUSION In this hemorrhagic shock model, ΔVTI had a low correlation with the volume of bleeding, but VTI and E′ had a correlation with blood volume comparable to that of PPV.


The basic theory of BPR is introduced and the enterprise reform according to BPR theory based on the prac-tice of enterprise transaction management is put forward,Then the paper brings forward the principle,content and model of enterprise reform and analyzes the approach of management process reengineering.


An ad hoc geometrical model has been developed for evaluating the quantities of the components needed in various video communications systems. The impact of key field factors such as subscriber density variation was investigated through practical examples from real operating networks. The overall system costs, including costs of active and passive components as well as electronics and implementation expenditures, were calculated for two single-mode systems: AM with one fiber per subscriber andFM with fiber share. The evaluation was carried out for three user-density configurations corresponding to urban, suburban, and rural zones. The cost analysis was performed for short- and long-term component costs. The overall system cost turns out to be lower for the FM configuration; this is valid for both the short term and the long term.<<ETX>>


Thank you for reading people and the land through time linking ecology and history. Maybe you have knowledge that, people have search hundreds times for their chosen novels like this people and the land through time linking ecology and history, but end up in infectious downloads. Rather than enjoying a good book with a cup of coffee in the afternoon, instead they cope with some harmful bugs inside their desktop computer.


A solidly mounted tunable barium strontium GaN/Sapphire substrate using a metalorganic solution deposition (MOSD) technique. An acoustic Bragg reflector was first formed on the GaN/sapphire substrate consisting of alternating layers of silicon dioxide and tantalum oxide deposited using a-spin on technique. Lower and upper electrodes were fabricated using sputter deposited platinum. The resonant frequency of the resonator could be tuned from 5.17 GHz to 5.20 GHz by applying a voltage of 8 V, resulting in tunability of about 0.6%. The quality factor of the resonator was found to depend on the applied voltage, with a maximum quality factor of 216 observed for an applied bias voltage of 8 V. The effective electromechanical coupling coefficient (kt2) of the resonator was found to be 13.1% at 8 V.


Differentiation and Diversity The kingdom of Nepal boasts of about 6000 to 7000 different species of plants that are distributed throughout the country and this vast diversity has been aptly attributed to the huge variation in altitude and the different habitats the plants tend to thrive in (Williams, 2005). Manandhar (1998) report indicated that there are about 800 species of medicinal plants in Nepal, 30% of which are recognized as ethnomedical contributions from the western regions of the country. Kunwar et al. (2006) stated that Nepal recognizes about 1624 plant species with medicinal as well as aromatic properties, Sri Lanka about 1400, India about 2500 and China about 5000. The alpine flora from Nepal's Himalayan region consists of 1227 species in 317 genera of which 114 from the sub-alpine zone and 45 from the alpine zone has been cataloged as plants with medicinal properties (Kunwar et al., 2006). Back to Nature – Medicinal Plants of Nepal Point New Direction to Drug Discovery


This article introduced how to use robust statistical techniques to analyses the test result of inter-laboratory comparison and laboratory proficiency testing,and based on that,to check the testing ability of all laboratories joined in,moreover,provide the method and direction to the analysis of test data in laboratory proficiency testing.


Constitutive activation of nuclear factor‐κB (NF‐κB) is a frequent molecular alteration in pancreatic cancer and a number of studies have suggested that constitutive NF‐κB activity plays a key role in the aggressive behavior of this disease. In an attempt to identify an effective therapeutic agent for pancreatic cancer, the authors studied the role of FUT‐175, a synthetic serine protease inhibitor, in the inhibition of NF‐κB activation and the induction of apoptotic responses.


Intrusion detection system (IDS) is a technology forwarded for guaranteeing the computer system security and thus finding and reporting unauthorized or abnormal phenomenon. Neural network possesses the abilities including self-adaptive, self-organizing and self-learning. Utilizing the capacities such as recognition, classification and induction can make the IDS adaptable to the dynamic changes characteristics of user's behavior. The paper advocates a network IDS model based on BP neural network. Objective analysis is implemented for the experiment results through the training and detection process. Good results are gained in detection rate, false alarm rate, Omission rate.


This paper analyses the link between FDI inflows and migration waves from developing countries. In addition, it investigates mechanisms through which this link works. Empirical results indicate that FDI can be seen as substitutes of migration through direct and indirect labour demand. However, the paper demonstrates that a positive relationship (complementarity effect) between FDI and migration flows takes place. In longitudinal analysis results indicate that the complementarity effect prevails. In cross section analysis, estimating a two equation models, we find that a substitutability effect is at work through the impact of FDI on human capital accumulation but the direct complementarity effect also prevails.


Private enterprises are not only an important part of Qinghai's social and economic development, but also an important hub to realize the accumulation and release of its social wealth. In order to promote the high-quality development of Qinghai's private economy, we must give full play to the entrepreneurial spirit, through innovating the concept of development and the structure of development, as well as constructing a new development pattern. We must constantly improve the competitiveness of enterprises and inject new vitality into the high-quality development of Qinghai's private economy.


Objective: To measure the incidence of exogenous poisonings per drug in the State of Piaui, in the years 2007-2017. Methods: Data were collected through the Department of Informatics of the Unified Health System (DATASUS), whose study variable was year of notification, age, sex, and exposure circumstances and evolution of cases after drug intoxication. Results: A total of 4,023 cases of exogenous intoxication per drug were reported in Piaui, with a higher prevalence in Teresina followed by Picos, which were approximately forty-seven times greater in 2017 (889 notifications) than in 2007 (19 notifications). Final considerations: The analysis of the cases allowed to consider the profile of the use of drugs in the state of Piaui, which is associated with other purposes, not only the pharmacotherapeutic, and this work collaborated as a warning to care about the use of medications.


In this paper, a Local Discontinuous Galerkin (LDG) finite element method is described for solving specialized heat conduction problems involving sharp/high gradients. The advantages of LDG method over the traditional continuous Galerkin (CG) finite element method are presented. It is further shown in the problems involving sharp and/or high gradients, that the LDG method is less expensive, requiring a fewer number of degrees of freedom as compared to the continuous Galerkin method to capture the peak value of the gradients. Simple one- and two-dimensional applications are illustrated to describe the applicability to this class of field problems.