This study sheds light on the resiliency of competing electronic order-driven markets by investigating the time path of liquidity after a large endogenous shock by means of an intra-day event study. We confirm earlier results that large trades, which qualify as shocks for the purpose of this analysis, are timed as they occur when liquidity in the market is extraordinarily high. Moreover, we find that adverse liquidity effects peak within the first-minute interval after a large trade. In contrast to previous researchers' results, we discover that liquidity recovers not within minutes, but within a few seconds so that the adverse effect already diminishes significantly towards the end of the first post-event minute. Three minutes later, basically no residue from the liquidity shock remains observable. We attribute this finding to the fact that temporary order-book imbalances are immediately detected by algorithmic trading engines and high-frequency traders whose order management (IT-) systems are continuously eagleeying the stock markets for such opportunities. Interestingly, our results differ depending on the market under scrutiny.


Summary Over the past decades, plant cryopreservation technologies have been evolving rapidly, opening the door to the possibility of long-term storage of valuable genetic resources of many crop and forest species. From the original slow-cooling approach, research has moved to easier and more reproducible techniques which allow a complete vitrification of extra- and intra-cellular liquids through the direct immersion of explants in liquid nitrogen. This report describes concisely most of the procedures which have been proposed in time for the cryopreservation of a wide range of tissues and organs, such as cell suspensions, embryogenic callus, pollen, meristematic tissues, seeds and embryo axes. Also the most important achievements in the cryopreservation of herbaceous, hardwood and softwood species are discussed.


A new vessel to be used as an offshore drilling platform is described. This vessel is equipped with several important design features, these being a dynamic positioning system, cycloidal propellers for propulsion and station keeping, and a flume stabilization system to dampen ship motions due to rolling. The dynamic positioning system, which utilizes a digital computer, is described in detail, with the cycloidal propellers, stabilization system, power equipment and drilling equipment also discussed. The use of all of these features enable this vessel to operate in deep water during very adverse weather conditions.


Precipitation is one of the most important inputs for hydrological simulation because it controls water balance, and accurate representation of rainfall distribution is essential for hydrological simulation. In the Yarlung Tsangpo–Brahmaputra River Basin (YBRB), gauge‐based gridded datasets have difficulties in representing complex orographic precipitation as the rainfall stations are too sparse to capture accurate precipitation patterns. This study used Asian Precipitation Highly Resolved Observational Data Integration Towards Evaluation of Water Resources (APHRODITE) estimates to drive the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model in the YBRB. Bias correction on APHRODITE estimates was achieved through linear scaling based on a denser network of gauges. In addition, the elevation bands method was implemented in SWAT to reproduce spatial precipitation by considering orographic effects. The results showed that original APHRODITE data tended to systematically underestimate rainy season precipitation with considerable underestimation on windward slopes of the Himalayas. Corrected APHRODITE data increased precipitation estimates and were able to better represent the spatial patterns of precipitation. During the calibration and validation periods, the mean monthly Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency (NSE) of the corrected APHRODITE‐simulation were 0.86 and 0.82, respectively, which were much higher than those of the original APHRODITE‐simulation (0.79 and 0.72), indicating the reliability of corrected APHRODITE estimates in driving hydrological model. In addition, although the elevation bands method has some limitations induced by the constant precipitation lapse rate, it was also found that this method could improve the accuracy of hydrological simulation. In large transboundary sparsely gauged river basins, implementation of bias correction and elevation bands can improve the representation of spatial precipitation of gridded gauge‐based rainfall products, which may be beneficial for hydrological simulation and water resources management.


The ASEAN Economic Community (MEA) should be perceived as a joint commitment to establish a (regional) single market within which there would be a free flow of goods and services. This commitment at the regional level inadvertently forces member countries to adjust their national laws and regulations. To be more concrete, simplifying the permit system and bureaucratic streamlining becomes a must.  On the other hand, the huge flow of incoming and outgoing trade and services, put pressure to national government to establish a viable control and monitoring system.  Reformation of the existing licensing system should be done by identifying overlapping rules and modernizing the government bureaucracy . Keywords: permits/licensing, Economic ASEAN Community, bureaucratic reform


Abstract. Soil microbial processes, stimulated by agricultural fertilization, account
for 90 % of anthropogenic nitrous oxide (N2O), the leading
source of ozone depletion and a potent greenhouse gas. Efforts to reduce
N2O flux commonly focus on reducing fertilization rates. Management
of microbial processes responsible for N2O production may also be
used to reduce N2O emissions, but this requires knowledge of the
prevailing process. To this end, stable isotopes of N2O have been
applied to differentiate N2O produced by nitrification and
denitrification. To better understand the factors contributing to isotopic
variation during denitrification, we characterized the δ15N,
δ18O and site preference (SP; the intramolecular distribution of
15N in N2O) of N2O produced during
NO3- reduction by Pseudomonas chlororaphis subsp. aureofaciens and P. c. subsp. chlororaphis. The terminal product of
denitrification for these two species is N2O because they lack the
gene nitrous oxide reductase, which is responsible for the reduction of
N2O to N2. In addition to species, treatments included
electron donor (citrate and succinate) and electron donor concentration
(0.01, 0.1, 1 and 10 mM) as factors. In contrast to the expectation of a
Rayleigh model, all treatments exhibited curvilinear behaviour between
δ15N or δ18O and the extent of the reaction. The
curvilinear behaviour indicates that the fractionation factor changed over
the course of the reaction, something that is not unexpected for a multi-step
process such as denitrification. Using the derivative of the equation, we
estimated that the net isotope effects (η) vary by as much as
100 ‰ over the course of a single reaction, presenting challenges
for using δ15N and δ18O as apportionment tools. In
contrast, SP for denitrification was not affected by the extent of the
reaction, the electron donor source or concentration, although the mean SP of
N2O produced by each species differed. Therefore, SP remains a
robust indicator of the origin of N2O. To improve apportionment
estimates with SP, future studies could evaluate other factors that
contribute to the variation in SP.


A heat exchanger has a multi-lumen tubing having one end connected to a supply fitting and another end connected to a return fitting. The tubing has a central lumen, a middle lumen that surrounds the central lumen and an outer lumen that surrounds the middle lumen. The supply fitting has an inlet, an outlet and a proximal port wherethrough an infusate is input to the heat exchanger. The supply fitting is configured such that its inlet is connected to the central lumen, its outlet connected to the outer lumen, and its proximal port connected to the middle lumen of the tubing. The return fitting is configured to establish a through passage between the central lumen and the outer lumen of the tubing so that a heating fluid fed through the supply fitting to the central lumen is returned to the supply fitting by way of the outer lumen. The return fitting further has a distal port configured to connect to the central lumen of the tubing, so that the infusate fed to the proximal port of the supply fitting may be output from the distal port of the return fitting, after passing through the central lumen of the tubing. As the infusate traverses along the heat exchanger, it is heated by the heating fluid that flows along the central lumen, and also by the rerouted heating fluid that flows along the outer lumen of the tubing. The heat exchanger is fluidly coupled to a heater by its inlet and outlet so that the temperature of the heating fluid for warming the infusate is maintained at a predetermined temperature.


Abstract. Several researchers propose placing diagonal reinforcing bars at the base of the wall to treat the shear slip, while others have suggested various ways to address this problem associated with the halting of the effects incurred by the through-crack in the base of the wall during recycling of loading. An indicative proposal of the bibliography is using large diameter reinforcement bars in the web of the wall as vertical reinforcements, so that through the dowel action of these bars to be able to better control the shear action. The two aforementioned proposals, while adequately address the phenomenon of shear slip, present significant disadvantages: The use of diagonal reinforcement is very difficult to be constructed, because of the density of existing reinforcement in the base of the walls, which involves compromising good concrete condensation. Also, the use of large diameter vertical reinforcement along the length of the whole wall section, including its web, leads to a strongly uneconomical solution. This works examines a solution without the aforementioned side effects. Innovation of the present work is the fact that it positions stoppers in combination with the use of conventional reinforcing bars at positions of the critical zones of the walls, in order to further prevent the expected slip along the through-crack in the base of the rigidly supported wall. The work is mainly experimental and includes investigation of the seismic mechanical properties of a wall specimen with conventional reinforcement according to EC8. This study presents the investigation on the effect of the shear span as resistance parameter, on the design of concrete interfaces. In the first part of the study the shear transfer between concrete interfaces, in which the value of the shear span is equal to zero, is investigated. The experimental investigation is extended to include values of the shear span greater than zero. These values are usually observed at bridge seismic stoppers. The experimental results presented in this study are used to derive an analytical expression of the resistance of bridge seismic stoppers.


American Entomologist • Winter 2010 Stored product entomology in the United States, as it relates to insect pest management in bulk grain storage, mills, and food warehouses, has a rich and distinctive past. Among the early research papers in the Journal of Economic Entomology are two by Dean (1911, 1913) describing heat treatments to manage insects inside flour mills. As the 20th Century progressed, research with stored product insects expanded to include basic biological studies, management in stored bulk grains, and host range of specific insect species. During the 1960s and 1970s several Federal laboratories or groups were established in the U.S. for the purpose of research with stored product insects, and research expanded again into different aspects of chemical control, ecology, biology, insect-resistant packaging, and biological control. In recent years, there has been a dramatic reduction in the number of stored product entomologists within the U.S. Federal centers have been closed and staff reductions through retirements have occurred at existing facilities. There has also been a reduction in the number of university entomologists who actively conduct research with stored product insects. This reduction in active researchers poses some significant challenges for the grain and food processing industries. Some examples of future research needs will be described below; however, the order or listing does not indicate a priority. The discussion will focus on the research needs of grain and grain-based products and storage systems, but some of the concepts and ideas could be applicable to other post-harvest environments as well. Stored Product Entomology in the United States: Perspectives for the Future


Context: Nasopharyngeal cancers were initially thought to be an uncommon disease in Nigeria, but recent studies have shown a steady increase in the incidence of the disease with an associated increase in morbidity and mortality due to late presentation. Aims: The aims are to evaluate the mode of presentation and referral pattern of nasopharyngeal cancer patients seen. Settings and Design: This was a retrospective review of patients with nasopharyngeal cancer seen in the department of Radiation Oncology U.C.H. Ibadan from 2000 to 2009. Methods and Material: Patients' biodata, clinical–pathologic presentation, and site of referral were retrieved using data extraction form and subsequently analyzed using Microsoft Excel (2013). Statistical Analysis Used: It is a descriptive analysis. Results: A total of 205 patients with histologically confirmed nasopharyngeal cancer seen during the study period were analyzed. The mean age of the patients was 41.7 years with 144 (70.2%) males and 61 (29.8%) females. The commonest presenting complaint was cervical lymphadenopathy in 98.5% of patients followed by nasal blockade, nasal discharge, and epistaxis with 82.0%, 78.0%, and 51.2%, respectively. Undifferentiated carcinoma was the commonest histologic type (68.8%). Majority of patients were civil servants (33.2%). The habit of smoking and alcohol ingestion was unspecified in majority of patients (43.4%). Ingestion of smoked fish has been found in majority of patients (122, 59.5%) with the disease in this study. Most of the patients came from southern part of the country which coincides with the geographic distribution of Burkitt's lymphoma; hence, the possibility of Epstein–Barr virus as one of the likely causative agents. None of the patients presented with stage I disease, while most patients presented at stage III 129 (62.9%). Conclusions: Nasopharyngeal cancer is common. Cervical lymphadenopathy, nasal blockade with undifferentiated histology, and late presentation were the norm. Referrals were from all the regions of the country.


Real-time proximity and collision detection via radio frequency (RF) distance measurements has application in smart helmets, drones, autonomous vehicles, and social distancing. In this paper we evaluate ACED, a range-based, infrastructure-free, distributed algorithm that utilizes inter-node range data and intra-node acceleration data to estimate the recent relative positions of each node and to predict impending collisions between any pair of nodes. The framework is tested and validated using experimental data from a testbed of mobile nodes which use ultra-wideband (UWB) ranging and inertial sensing. ACED is shown to outperform two state-of-the-art methods.


If you are like me, you find the new cross-sectional imaging techniques visually attractive but nonetheless bewildering. Don't despair! This issue contains a series of articles on the subject of cross-sectional imaging, starting with basic principles and ending with cutting-edge innovations in technology. What we would all like for our patients is a 'onestop shop' that will tell us how well the heart is working now and what the future may hold in terms of risk of coronary events. It will be clear from reading the following articles that, at present, no single imaging technique in its current state of development can deliver this performance, although the authors do point out that both cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computed tomography (CT) are not that far from this ideal when used in specialist centres. However, these techniques differ markedly in a number of respects, including exposure to ionizing radiation, and ability to assess myocardial perfusion and delineate the coronary anatomy. Furthermore, neither technique currently provides metabolic information. How are these conclusions reached? This issue starts with a review of the physical principles that underlie the generation of images by MRI, CT, and positron emission tomography (PET). From this it is clear that PET provides a very high signal-to-noise ratio, but resolution is constrained by the positron travelling perhaps several millimetres in tissue before colliding with an electron. This collision creates the annihilation event that results in the highenergy photons that are detected by the coincidence counter. Thus the photons may emanate from a point millimetres away from the location of the PET tracer. This may not sound a great distance, but it can be important when PET tracers are used to visualize small structures such as active atherosclerotic plaques. The other problem with PET is that the anatomy surrounding the tracer is not visualized; these soft tissues can be visualized by CT and MRI. The physics of CT is relatively easy to understand and, as Dr Boellaard points out, the technique provides low intrinsic


Current study comprised of 20 donor parent lines and four indica elite strains resistant against bacterial leaf blight having diversity in origin viz. Bangladesh, Philippine, Indonesia, Senegal and India. The lines were tested to check resistance against Bacterial Leaf Blight (BLB), having BLB resistance genes Xa-4, xa-5, Xa-7 and xa-13. The experiment was conducted at Agronomic Research Station, Farooqabad, Sheikhupura. Artificial inoculation was done to study disease reaction. DNA marker analysis was also conducted to study the gene status of these lines. Results indicated that seven donor lines were completely resistant to Bacterial Leaf Blight whereas twelve lines exhibited moderate resistance. Among rest of the five susceptible genotypes, three were showing comparatively low susceptibility whereas two completely susceptible to BLB. Most of the lines with three or four gene combinations showing resistant behavior against BLB except AUS-298 that showed moderately susceptible behavior. Combination of genes for Bacterial Leaf Blight resistance can be explored further in targeted research program for disease resistance.


Police misconducts have very rarely been studied by the self‐report method because it is assumed that the 'code of silence' is too hard to break even in an anonymous survey research situation. In this study a self‐report method was carried out in a police unit in Finland. Respondents were shown a list of 16 possible conducts. They were asked whether they knew a police officer who had been engaged in misconduct mentioned in the list or whether they themselves had engaged in one or more of the misconducts mentioned in the list. The analysis results indicated that, in an anonymous self‐report survey context, police officers are clearly willing to report on service misconducts, both their own and those of their fellow officers. Thus, the assumed 'code of silence' does not seem as strong as the literature suggests.


Mesophilic anaerobic digestion(AD)on the feedstocks of household kitchen waste(HKW)and restaurant food waste(RFW)was performed.Five kinds of dewaterability indicators-total solids(TS),total solids after centrifugation(CTS),normalized capillary suction time(NCST),specific resistance to filtration(SRF)and bound water content(BW)were used to evaluate the dewaterability of digestate produced from different stages of AD.TS of digestate ranged from 3.0%to 9.9%,CTS ranged from 10.9%to 31.0%,SRF was 2.1×1013—13.8×1013 m·kg-1,BW was 2.3—15.1g·(g TS)-1 and NCST was 50.8—163.7s·L·(g TS)-1.The cumulative methane yield of the digester fed with RFW was always higher than the digester fed with HKW,maximum cumulative methane yield of the former was up to 381 ml·(g VSadded)-1,while that of the latter was just 280 ml·(g VSadded)-1.The dewatering performance of digestate was mainly affected by duration of anaerobic digestion and the digestate produced from RFW was able to achieve a higher dewatering degree,while the dewatering rate of the digestate from HKW was higher.Furthermore,there were significant correlations among TS,normalized CST,SRF and BW of digestate,but the correlation with CST was not significant.


Trans Tessituras Confounding, Unbearable, and Black Transgender Voices in Luso-Afro-Brazilian Popular Music Daniel da Silva This dissertation shows how gay, trans and queer performers in Brazil, Portugal, and Angola, working in traditionally misogynistic, homoand transphobic popular music genres, have successfully claimed and refigured those genres and repertoires through iterations of transgender voices and bodies. I show how Pabllo Vittar, Fado Bicha and Titica refigure normative gendered conventions of sex and song through trans formations of popular music genres. I locate them within a genealogy of queer Luso-Afro-Brazilian popular music practices and performances that deploy trans formations of voice, body, and repertoire. I trace a genealogy of transgender voice in Brazilian popular music to Ney Matogrosso's 1975 debut release, through which I reveal a cacophony of queer, indigenous and Afro-Brazilian intersections; and in Portuguese popular music to António Variações 1982 debut, through whom I trace a fado genealogy of Afro-diasporic cultural practices, gender transgression and sexual deviance. Finally, I locate Titica's music in practices of the black queer diaspora as a refiguring of Angolan postcolonial aesthetics. Together, these artists and their music offer a queer Luso-Afro-Brazilian diaspora in spectacular popular music formations that transit beside and beyond the Portuguesespeaking world, unbound by it, and refiguring hegemonic Luso-Afro-Brazilian discourses of gender, sexuality, race and nation.


With the popularization of education and the sharp rise of learning opportunities,the global community's needs for education are increasing every year both in quality and quantity.Due to the limited educational resources and unbalanced development of different countries,it is difficult for the current educational systems,especially those in the developing countries,to meet this educational demand.In this interview,Professor Asha Singh Kanwar,the vice president of the British Commonwealth of Learning(COL),introduces the exemplary practices carried out in developing countries worldwide and findings from associated research.It is not difficult to discover that the successful implementation of these innovatives probably goes beyond issues in the field of education.It in fact becomes a social issue,and needs all kinds of supportive resources.With all these in place,it will be possible to promote the healthy development of education and livehoods,and to achieve a win-win situation for all parties involved.


Acoustical mismatches between training and testing environments of HMM-based speech recognizer often cause sever degradations in recognition performance. The mismatch is mainly caused by noise, changes of the channel through which the speech signal is transmit-ted and differences of speakers. This paper addresses the problem of changes of the recording channel and variations of speakers. Three udaptation methods are presented to deal with the problem, i.e., the adaptation via VQ prototype modification, the adaptation via HMM parame-ters modification and the canonical correlation based compensation method (short for CCBC).Experimental results have shown that all the three techniques can make our speaker-independent recognition system robust to channels and speakers. Among the three techniques, the CCBC has the best performance and it can be used as a unified approach to cope with mismatch caused both by noise, by differences of channels and by variations of speakers.


The focus of this paper is privatisation of the European airports and its impact on their financial performance. The study can be treated as an extension of the analysis carried out by H.-A. Vogel (2006). We use a dataset that is more extensive in terms of the number of airports and time span, and contains a somewhat different set of variables. In the first part of the research financial ratio analysis is used. Specifically, static comparative analysis that discovers the differences between the performance of the airports is supplemented with dynamic analysis of the sample of the airports that experienced change in ownership which compares the performance before and after this event. The second part of the research is an application of Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) and some related developments (Brockett, Golany, 1996) to the available data. Several combinations of inputs and outputs are considered an adjustment procedure is applied to the resulting DEA scores in order to judge about pure "programmatic" efficiency of various ownership structures. Generally, fully and partially privatised airports perform best in terms of profitability indicators, reinvestment rate and usage of non-aviation revenue sources. Other results are not equally consistent and considerable. After privatisation airports tend to increase profitability and earn more non-aviation revenue per passenger, the two facts being likely to be related to each other. On the aggregate level public airports turn out to be perform worst under a huge majority of specifications of DEA. Under most specifications fully privatised airports show best results. 1 This paper originates from the research project GAP (German Airport Performance) that is supported by the Federal Ministry of Research and Technology, and in Berlin coordinated by Juergen Mueller, see www.gapprojekt.de for further details Several members of the GAP Team helped in the revisions and empirical estimates. We thank Nicole Adler, Hebrew University of Jerusalem and Carlos P. Barros, Technical University of Lisbon for providing additional comments. 2 Mikhail Zolotko <email@example.com>, is a student at HUB and a member of the project "German Airport Performance" (GAP) at the HWR Berlin.


Integrating fall workflow-supported capability with information transformation, Lotus Notes/Domino R5 affords a powerful collaborative development environment. In the context of CSCW, this paper discusses the build-in mechanisms of Notes/ Domino as a groupware application and development platform, and presents the framework and implementation details of the architecture engineering project and blueprints management system.


The central task of an interactive Computer Aided Design (CAD) system is the design of geometric objects with a computer. Existing CAD systems provide pow¬ erful tools for geometric modelling. Nevertheless, an interactive user is often facing the difficulty of choosing the right parameters for the geometric construction operations, and thus to construct an object that meets the specification. This thesis describes a novel method for automatically constructing twoand three-dimensional objects specified by geometrical constraints. • First a geometric language for expressing the constraint problem for planar ob¬ jects is defined. Dimensional constraints like angles, distances, etc. are symbolically expressed by predicates. Geometric operations are expressed by functions. We developed an axiomatic description of a subset of elementary geometry for compass and ruler constructions. These axioms are expressed as rewrite-rules for replacing constraints which are stored in a database by equivalent ones. The application of some rewrite-rules corresponds to carrying out geometric constructions. An inference mechanism applying the rules brings the relations in the database to a certain normal form, and thus finds the steps to be carried out for constructing an object satisfying the constraints. The logical inferences can be explained geometrically (in words and graphically) to inform the user about inconsistencies that occurred, or to show him where to add more constraints. • The solution to a constraint problem is first found on a symbolic level by a constraint satisfaction algorithm implemented in PROLOG. Our PROLOG interpreter [MUL 85] provides calls to the procedural programming language Modula-2 [WIR 83] for numerically evaluating the proposed construction steps. The two programming languages communicate through a common interface. • A theoretic framework has been developed for proving the algorithmic com¬ pleteness of the rewrite rules. We adapted the critical pair algorithm by Knuth and Bendix for the structure of the geometric rewrite-rules. We can prove that the set of rules is canonical, and that the inference mechanism applying these rules always terminates. Thus we can prove that the algorithm is a decision algorithm for theorems that may proved with the axioms employed, and that it solves the constraint problems solvable in this theory.


OBJECTIVE
The aim of the study was to examine how carers cope practically and emotionally with caring for individuals with anorexia nervosa who require intensive hospital care.

METHOD
This study explores objective burden (time spent with caregiving and number of tasks), subjective burden (psychological distress), and social support in a sample of parents (n = 224) and partners (n = 28) from a consecutive series of patients (n = 178) admitted to inpatient units within the United Kingdom.

RESULTS
Most time was spent providing emotional support and less with practical tasks. Time spent with caregiving was associated with carer distress and was fully mediated by carer burden. This was ameliorated by social support. Partners received minimal support from others, and we found similar levels of burden and distress for mothers and partners.

DISCUSSION
The data indicate that professional and social support alleviates carer distress and may be of particular value for partners who are more isolated than parents. The data also suggest that time spent with practical support may be of more value than emotional support.


Switchgrass is a promising feedstock for bioethanol production due to its high biomass yield, potentially low requirements for agricultural inputs and positive environmental impacts. Genetic modification of conventional switchgrass by down-regulating lignin biosynthetic genes provides an option for improving biomass conversion efficiency. In this study, genetically modified switchgrass varieties were pretreated using dilute sulfuric acid at different combinations of acid concentration (0.75, 1, and 1.25 %, w/v) and residence time (5, 10, 20, and 30 min) to further break down the intrinsic complex structure of lignocellulosic biomass, and the yield of total sugar including xylose in prehydrolyzate and glucose in hydrolyzate was used to evaluate modification and pretreatment effectiveness. Preliminary results show that genetic modification caused the increased ratio of acid soluble lignin : acid insoluble lignin, which might be associated with the improved sugar production of some genetically modified switchgrass varieties. Increasing acid concentration or residence time didn't necessarily result in better sugar production due to the increased degradation of monomeric sugars. After pretreatment using 1% sulfuric acid for 20 minutes, the total sugar production of genetically modified switchgrass Al10/9-40 reached 508 mg, which was 22% higher than the maximum yield obtained from the conversional switchgrass.


Low-level embedded systems are used to control cyber-phyiscal systems in industrial and autonomous applications. They need to meet hard real-time requirements as unanticipated controller delays on moving machines can have devastating effects. Modern developments such as the industrial Internet of Things and autonomous machines require these devices to connect to large IP networks. Since Network Interface Controllers (NICs) trigger interrupts for incoming packets, real-time embedded systems are subject to unpredictable preemptions when connected to such networks. In this work, we propose a priority-aware NIC design to moderate network-generated interrupts by mapping IP flows to processes and based on that, consolidates their packets into different queues. These queues apply priority-dependent interrupt moderation.First experimental evaluations show that 93 % of interrupts can be saved leading to an 80 % decrease of processing delay of critical tasks in the configurations investigated.


In Britain, the nurse provided by the National Health Service to attend patients in their homes is always the "district nurse", despite other and later descriptions of her work as "home" or "community" nursing.' The popular usage not only betrays district nursing's philanthropic origins as a service organized on the district basis typical of Victorian visiting charities,2 but also testifies to the district nurse's ubiquity well before the state paid her wages in 1948, when home nursing became one of the responsibilities assigned to local authorities as part of the National Health Service.3 She was sufficiently enshrined in popular consciousness for audiences to appreciate the scene in Dodie Smith's Dear octopus, first produced in 1938, where children dispute the merits of "District Nurse" as a more powerful expletive than "Damn Blast Devil Hell and Strike me Pink".4 The film version of A. J. Cronin's The citadel, released in the same year, includes a vignette of a district nurse as a well-established local character.5 The particular interest of district nursing's history before 1948 lies in its character as a voluntary service. It was voluntary in the sense of being funded and controlled by private initiative rather than by statutory provision, yet was important enough to be incorporated in the National Health Service although it had hitherto received very little from public funds.


Twenty-four consecutive patients with recurrent cancer of the breast were treated by bilateral oophorectomy and adrenalectomy. Fourteen or 58% secured marked subjective improvement and survived for an average of 44 months. Seven patients are still living, an average of 60 months since adrenalectomy. It is suggested that this procedure be employed as soon as metastatic lesions from breast carcinoma are diagnosed.


A barium-promoted boron nitride-supported ruthenium catalyst is shown to exhibit unprecedented activity and stability in catalytic ammonia synthesis. The activity is measured at temperatures between 360 and 400°C and at pressures of 50 to 100 bar. The stability of the Ba–Ru/BN catalyst is assessed from a test run conducted at 100 bar and 550°C for 3500 h causing no detectable deactivation.


Disclosed is a conductive material fabricated with a reduced fabrication cost and through simplified processes. The conductive material comprises: liquid graphene including flakes; and a conductive monomer including an aromatic benzene ring, the conductive monomer being mixed with the liquid grapheme to form cross-linkages among the flakes.


Boundary layer techniques are applied to a class of wind-driven, linear circulation models in which a wide set of dynamic boundary conditions are allowed. The results show that i) the eastern solution always exists and its O(1) component coincides with that of Sverdrup; ii) only a well-defined subset of boundary conditions are consistent with solutions representing, at least qualitatively, a typical subtropical gyre and, finally, iii) it is possible to employ infinite choices of boundary conditions which correspond to the same boundary layer solution.


Transverse expansion of the maxilla has been used by orthodontists for more than 100 years to correct maxillary anomalies. Rapid mechanical maxillary expansion procedures as presently employed, utilize large loads designed to produce a maximal skeletal repositioning with a minimum of individual tooth movement whereas tandem-loop nickel titanium NiTi, temperature-activated palatal expander with the ability to produce light, continuous pressure on the midpalatal suture. This case report describes the management of a 15-year-old girl with repaired cleft lip and palate, skeletal class III which exhibited mild maxillary deficiency. Dental examination revealed class I molar relation with reverse overjet, bilateral posterior crossbite, and constricted maxillary arch. A combination of various radiographs was used to diagnose and plan the treatment for maxillary expansion. The expander was assembled with bands as one unit and secured with elastic modules. During the 3 months study period, no other treatment was performed. An increase of 4 mm in intermolar width, 2 mm in intercanine width, and 4 mm in interpremolar width was achieved. The NiTi expander provides a viable alternative to rapid expansion for correction of transverse discrepancies.


In 1947, the biographer and critic Newton Arvin provided something of a gospel statement as to what makes a young writer worthy of attention. In a letter concerned with Other Voices, Other Rooms—the debut novel by 21-year-old Truman Capote—Arvin wrote, "Whatever the book's limitations, this is the work of a writer, the work of a boy born to be a poet and an artist, who touches with a kind of magic everything he draws near. Really, of how many young contemporary American writers can one possibly say that? And isn't it the crucial point? So many journeymen; so many made writers; so many hacks. And then here comes a book that, to be perhaps pretentiously Jamesian, is very evidently the real right thing. Shouldn't we simply, for the moment, thank our stars for that; and make the reservations in paren thesis?" It's a form of compromise. If a work is insightful, accom plished, and affecting enough to dwarf its flaws, if it is a combination of skill, insight, and potential which all but announces its author as A Real Right Thing, then a finished and perfect piece of Art is somewhat beside the point. Perfect or not, fiction by someone in their twenties usually attracts attention because that youth has used his skills and talent to somehow illuminate the era in history during which he has come of age. This is something larger than Writing What One Knows; it is finding the reso nance within one's time. Think This Side of Paradise ushering in the Jazz Age, William Saroyan's young man on the flying trapeze embodying the wants and longings of depression-era stragglers, Pynchon's notion of the downsides to fixed systems coinciding with the Sixties, and Jay Easton MclnEllis's representation of self-involved eighties hedonism.


The different parts of Cubitermes mounds (cap, trunk and base) from Burkina Faso were analyzed and proved to be richer in available phosphorus, carbon and NO 3 -N and much richer in NH 4 -N than the surrounding soil. Their possible stimulating effect was tested on the seedling's growth of four species: Acacia holosericea (A. Cunn. ex G. Don.), Acacia raddiana (Sav.), Crotalaria ochroleuca (G. Don.) and Sorghum sp. (L.) during 47 days. An acceleration of growth is observed for Sorghum on the substrates containing powder 50% of cap or column. This acceleration becomes significant only from 26 days. A similar growth is observed for Crotalaria but as from 40 days.


As Anne Borsay and Dorothy Porter recognize in the introduction to this edited collection, Welsh historiography has been slow to respond to the emergence of the history of medicine. Conversely, most studies of medical history and healthcare devote little space to Wales, except when using it as an example of a depressed area. Although in recent years there has been a significant increase in research into Welsh medical history, with many good studies, Medicine in Wales is a welcome addition to what is still a limited historiography.

As the editor makes clear, Medicine in Wales is designed to "illustrate the growing corpus of research-based material" (p. 2) on the social history of medicine and health in Wales. Its content is deliberately diverse. The contributors draw on a range of sources from documentary records to oral testimony to film to examine the relationship between the public and private provision of healthcare since c. 1800. This relationship provides the intellectual context for the volume. Drawing on Jurgen Habermas's notion of the public and private sphere, the contributors raise questions about the utility of this approach by examining issues of class, gender, participation and citizenship, and the role of the state. David Hirst, for example, in his chapter on the school medical service, highlights how the relationship between family and state was unresolved in the service, and how the state remained ambivalent about offering medical care. Steven Thompson in examining the provision offered by medical aid societies shows how they created a forum for participatory democracy that represented a "proletarian" public sphere, one that effectively determined the nature of local medical care and authority. Borsay on the other hand demonstrates how in the treatment of industrial accidents in the 1940s independence suffered when the state intervened. Chapters by Sara Brady on nursing at the King Edward VII Hospital and Susan Pitt on midwifery in post-war Swansea point to how there is no simple equation between gender and the public/private sphere. In questioning the boundaries between the public and private provision of healthcare, the contributors offer a critique that supports the concept of a mixed economy of welfare and a "moving frontier" between private, voluntary and public provision of medical care.

However, this is a mixed collection. Aside from Pamela Michael, Thompson and Borsay, many of the contributors pass little comment on Welsh national identity, or look at what Gwyn Williams has referred to as the "Welsh effect". Indeed, some of the contributors appear to push Wales into the background. For example, in the chapter by Hirst, and in the contribution by Richard Coopey and Owen Roberts on the municipalization of water, the Welsh dimension is subordinate to a metropolitan or English history. David Greaves in his synthesis of debates about inequalities in health and medical care makes little reference to Wales despite the problems the region faced. Given the peculiar economic, social, and political milieu of Wales, this seems a missed opportunity.

Despite this criticism, the volume has its strengths. For example, Michael in her telling analysis of suicide in north Wales examines how the Denbigh asylum came to replace the family as a source of care and how suicide was medicalized. Coopey and Roberts add further weight to the need to revise the heroic historiography of state intervention. They demonstrate how local authorities were important in shaping local initiatives and how the nature of satisfactory water remained a contested commodity. Borsay suggests how documentary film could push the boundaries of the public sphere, helping to construct citizenship around stereotypes of masculinity and femininity. Questions are also raised about the nature of rural services and the urban/rural divide that shaped medical provision in Wales.

The volume demonstrates that medicine and health in Wales cannot be reduced to a simple equation between public service and private commodity. In raising questions about the public sphere, and in highlighting the rich medical history of Wales, Medicine in Wales suggests that the "Welsh context" offers a vibrant and under-researched field for the study of the history of medicine.


The mechanisms by which purple corn extract (PCE) rich in anthocyanins (ACN) retards weight and fat gain on a high fat diet is not completely understood. 8‐week old C57BL/6 mice (11–12/group) were fed one of four diets for 9 weeks: 1) a high fat (58% of energy from fat) lard/sucrose diet (HFD); 2) HFD + 3% PCE‐7 (PCE ACN content = 7%); 3) HFD + 3% PCE‐11 (PCE ACN content = 11%); 4) HFD + 4.4% PCE‐7. The final calculated ACN concentrations in the diets were 0.0, 2.1, 3.3 and 3.1 mg/g, respectively. Relative to the HFD, all PCE diets significantly (P<0.01) reduced weight and fat gains, and lowered glucose and insulin levels. Total cecum weights were significantly (P<0.0001) increased by all PCE diets. Further, cecum weights were negatively correlated with fat gain (R2=0.54, P<0.0001) and insulin levels (R2=0.35, P<0.001). In a second study, mice were fed diets 1 and 4 for 2 weeks after which the cecal bacteria 16S rRNA gene was profiled by terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (TRFLP). Hierarchical cluster and principal component analysis based on the TRFLP profile cleanly segregated the samples by dietary treatment. Further, the analyses suggested that greater perturbations in cecal microbiota (relative to the HFD) were associated with greater reductions in fat gain. These data suggest that PCE may reduce weight and fat gain through modification of the intestinal microbiota. Support by NIH grant P50AT002776.


This article is an analysis of one area of Piotr Piotrowski's (1952–2015) activity in the 1990s – his writings on the art of Zofia Kulik and, more specifically, on its feminist dimension. I argue that although Piotrowski was never interested in women's art in particular, not only did he practise feminist criticism during this period, but he was also a catalyst for the development of a specific form of feminist reflection that was then new in Polish art history. It focused on power relations and did not accept distancing oneself from social and political problems. I analyse it from the perspective of contemporary revisions of the development of feminist discourse after 1989 in Eastern Europe, which critically examines its embeddedness in Western ideas.


The relationship between school and the media has taken a qualitative leap with the introductionof the 1 to 1 Model (one computer per student) in schools. Having personal computers in the classroom brings up a great challenge for the practices of teaching and learning. The production of school newspapers, in this sense, is a great opportunity to enrich the concept of digital literacy, which includes the production of content in school with an educational goal. This article will analyze the implementation of the service training stage Journalism 1 to 1, in the context of the Escuelas de Innovacion project within the Conectar Igualdad program. We will look at the training method, describe its main difficulties and achievements, and carry out a content analysis of the school newspapers published as part of this initiative. From this analysis will emerge a few lines of inquiry with an aim towards the genuine inclusion of technology in the classroom, for the purposes of production rather than the mere acritical consumption of information.


The market consists from buyers and the buyers are different. Buyers' differences with each other are greater in the demands, resources, geographical location, their beliefs about purchase and their purchasing procedures. The present study sought to determine the presence or absence of relationship between demographic factors (age, gender, number of family members, income, job and education customers) of Market Segmentation and increase customers tend to buy shampoo. On this basis after the design of theoretical principles of consumer behavior and market segmentation, a questionnaire containing questions about personal attributes and tend to buy is designed and among 140 customers were distributed in Khalkhal city. After collected the questionnaire data from 133 questionnaires were analyzed and desired hypotheses about criteria of demographic impact of the market segmentation on increasing customers tend to buy were tested.


In the given article functioning of idiologems in tourist narrative is examined. Idiologems as lingvo-semiotical phenomenon interacting with text elements of tourist narrative act as an impressive sense-making component.


We discuss the design and implementation of a novel multimodal coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) miniaturized microscope for imaging of injured and recovering spinal cords in a single living animal. We demonstrate for the first time, the use of a biaxial microelectromechanical system (MEMS) mirror for scanning and diffraction limited multiple lens miniaturized objective for exciting a CARS signal. The miniaturized microscope design includes light delivery using a large mode area photonic crystal fiber (PCF), and multimode fiber for collection of the nonlinear optical signal. The basic design concept, major engineering challenges, solutions, and preliminary results are presented. We demonstrate CARS and two photon excitation fluorescence microscopy in a benchtop setup with the miniaturized optics and MEMS scanning. The light source is based on a single femtosecond laser (pump beam) and a supercontinuum generated in a nonlinear PCF (Stokes beam). This is coupled using free space optics onto the surface of a resonantly driven two dimensional scanning MEMS mirror that scans the excitation light in a Lissajous pattern. The novel design of the miniaturized microscope is expected to provide significant new information on the pathogenesis of demyelinating diseases such as Multiple Sclerosis and Spinal Cord Injury.


The invention discloses a composite geotextile material capillary barrier draining structure and an unsaturated loess embankment structure. The composite geotextile material capillary barrier draining structure comprises three layers, namely a transport layer, a capillary barrier layer and an isolation layer; the transport layer and the isolation layer are made of nonwoven geotextile of different specifications, and the capillary barrier layer is a geonet; the capillary barrier layer prevents leakage flow in the soil body of a base layer above the capillary barrier layer from entering the soil body of a foundation below, water gathered in the transport layer drains along a slope, and the isolation layer is mainly used for preventing the soil body below the barrier layer from entering the pores of the capillary barrier layer as well as for discharging elevated capillary water in the soil body of the foundation. The composite geotextile material capillary barrier draining structure can discharge embankment water to a greater extent, so that the water contents in the base layer and the foundation are reduced, the reduction of embankment soil strength and embankment settlement generated by increase of the water content are avoided, and the durability of the embankment is improved.


Abstract
Background
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is the eighth leading cancer by incidence worldwide. In the past 5 decades there have been significant advances in surgery and chemoradiotherapy, but very little improvement in survival rates. Hence, there is a pressing need to develop new therapeutic strategies in HNSCC. Antiangiogenic therapy represents a promising strategy in at least a subset of patients. Currently, there are no reliable predictive and resistance biomarkers to identify those patients most likely to benefit. Studies using relevant preclinical models that identify mechanisms of resistance to antiangiogenic agents will help meet these challenges.
Principal Findings
In this dissertation, we established preclinical models of intrinsic and acquired resistance to anti-VEGF antibody bevacizumab and identified potential biomarkers of drug response.
To characterize mechanisms of intrinsic resistance, we evaluated the angiogenic profile of HNSCC cells from bevacizumab-sensitive and -resistant tumor models using antibody array. We showed that resistant cells expressed higher levels of proangiogenic factors including interleukin-8 (IL-8). We identified PI3K and IL-1α signaling as the molecular basis for overexpression of IL-8. Downregulation of IL-8 resulted in sensitization of resistant tumors to bevacizumab. Overexpression of IL-8 in sensitive tumors conferred resistance to bevacizumab. Serum analysis of HNSCC patients treated with a bevacizumab-containing regime indicated high baseline IL-8 levels in a subset of patients refractory to treatment but not in responders.
In a novel xenograft model of acquired resistance, human-specific microarray analysis revealed upregulation of angiogenesis-related genes including fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF2), fibroblast growth factor receptor-3 (FGFR3), phospholipase C gamma-2 (PLCg2), frizzled receptor-4 (FZD4), chemokine [C-X3-C motif] ligand-1 (CX3CL1), and chemokine [C-C motif] ligand-5 (CCL5). Upstream genes PLCg2, FZD4, CX3CL1, and CCL5 regulated increased expression of FGF2 via increased extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) signaling. Co-targeting VEGF and FGFR sensitized resistant tumors to bevacizumab.
Conclusions and Significance
Our work has identified two distinct molecular mechanisms of resistance to bevacizumab in preclinical HNSCC models. IL-8 signaling mediated intrinsic resistance while upregulation of FGF signaling in response to anti-VEGF therapy contributed to acquired resistance. Above findings provide a mechanistic rationale for co-targeting these pathways in future clinical trials to enhance the therapeutic efficacy of antiangiogenic therapy.


With the ongoing rise of machine learning, the need for methods for explaining decisions made by artificial intelligence systems is becoming a more and more important topic. Especially for image classification tasks, many state-of-the-art tools to explain such classifiers rely on visual highlighting of important areas of the input data. Contrary, counterfactual explanation systems try to enable a counterfactual reasoning by modifying the input image in a way such that the classifier would have made a different prediction. By doing so, the users of counterfactual explanation systems are equipped with a completely different kind of explanatory information. However, methods for generating realistic counterfactual explanations for image classifiers are still rare. In this work, we present a novel approach to generate such counterfactual image explanations based on adversarial image-to-image translation techniques. Additionally, we conduct a user study to evaluate our approach in a use case which was inspired by a healthcare scenario. Our results show that our approach leads to significantly better results regarding mental models, explanation satisfaction, trust, emotions, and self-efficacy than two state-of-the art systems that work with saliency maps, namely LIME and LRP. 1Corresponding author Preprint submitted to Information Fusion December 23, 2020 ar X iv :2 01 2. 11 90 5v 1 [ cs .L G ] 2 2 D ec 2 02 0


Brussels Advocates Swedish Grey Wolves. : On the encounter between species protection according to Union law and the Swedish wolf policy.


Landowner Perception, Awareness, and Adoption of Wildfire Programs in the Southern United States. (August 2008) Adam R. Jarrett, B.S., Texas A&M University Chair of Advisory Committee: Dr. Jianbang Gan Non-industrial Private Forests (NIPF) landowners constitute a major component of the forested land portfolio in the Southeastern United States. The lands they possess provide a variety of social benefits but many aspects of how these landowners manage their properties exist. The goal of this research was to determine overall landowner awareness regarding wildfire programs and education and identify interrelationships among management strategies, demographic variables, and experiences. Specifically, it was hypothesized that landowner program awareness, interest in biomass utilization, and wildfire mitigation strategies would be influenced by the type of information they received, management activities, and other factors. Seven logit models were constructed to analyze these interrelationships. Results revealed that the type and quality of information landowners received was important in most cases. Landowners not receiving any information were less likely to take action to prevent or mitigate wildfire damage to their property. Wildfire education was highly valued by participants. Knowledge of existing biomass utilization programs was almost non-existent. However, the desire to obtain information on this


The authors investigate the structural relationships among entrepreneurial proclivity, innovation process characteristics (technological strength, marketing strength, and marketing�R&D integration), and customer equity in achieving business growth and financial return in the Japanese context.

Following field interviews and a pilot test, survey data are collected from 207 pairs of marketing and RD (2) entrepreneurial proclivity's effect on business growth and financial return is positive and mediated by customer equity; (3) marketing�RD and (4) customer equity is a strong driver of business growth and financial return.

There is a dearth of research on entrepreneurship in Asia; very few empirical studies have been reported from Japan in particular. This study contributes to boundary testing of the theoretical relationships. Although entrepreneurial proclivity appears to be an inspirational concept, its actual adoption remains an important question for many Japanese companies. Those Japanese firms that aspire to be entrepreneurial need to be mindful what innovation processes and resources it takes to fulfill the positive influences of entrepreneurship.


Infectious Healthcare-Waste (IHW) management is of great importance due to its potential environmental hazards and public health risks. The collection and the disposal of IHW are highly visible and important services that involve large expenditures in the world and particularly in Tunisia. This paper discusses two main problems in the current solid IHW management practices in Sfax governorate (Tunisia). The first problem is about how choose the best waste treatment and disposal scenario, using a multiple criteria decision making analysis. The Analytic hierarchy process (AHP) implemented with Expert choice software, confirms that the best scenario is to apply central steam sterilization equipment, which will be used by all hospitals. Accordingly, the second problem concerns the off-site transport of IHW from the twelve hospitals (public and private) in the governorate of Sfax to this overall center. This problem of transportation is modeled as a capacitated vehicle routing problem (CVRP). Experimental results are reported for the design of the routing system for IHW transportation, using the solver CPLEX 9.0 software. Future legislation concerning IHW management is supposed to take into account the various results of this research.


The cyclical crises in the 2th century, stemming primarily from the economic and financial sector and subsequently spreading into all of the social systems, have also influenced the military subsystem. In such circumstances the military subsystem as a major user of budgetary resources would be under a twofold pressure: the diminishing resources would call for profound or even radical changes of its dimension and quality, while on the other hand the crisis would usually involve an increased security risk, which would in turn involve the increasing demands being imposed on the military system. The Slovenian version of the global economic crisis, which broke out in 2008 as a financial crisis in the USA and Europe, resulted in a radical decrease of budgetary resources intended for the military system, which had been professionalised. One of the first economy interventions of the state involved a reduction of the military budget in the amount of 25 percent. The crisis hinders the stability and especially the development of the military system, and due to their size and lack of flexibility the military systems are not capable to adapt quickly. Nevertheless, in none of the cases can we discern any examples of increased aggressiveness towards the internal public, which demonstrates the traditional loyalty of the army in this space.Key words: economic crisis, financial crisis, Great Depression, military system, defence spending, Yugoslavia, Slovenia.i THEORETICAL GROUNDSTo understand the complex interplay between a global financial crisis, national and international responses to it and the overall implication this has for national defence spending we need to first look at the basic terminology and economic theory. There is no precise definition of "financial crisis," but a common view is that disruptions in financial markets rise to the level of a crisis when the flow of credit to households and businesses is constrained and the real economy of goods and services. The origins of the financial crisis that started in mid-2007 lie in the mounting losses in subprime mortgage markets which triggered disturbances throughout the international financial system. The subprime crisis triggered a reassessment of financial risk that encompassed other markets, including leveraged loans, takeover financing, credit derivatives and commercial paper. In this changed atmosphere, many market participants became reluctant to extend credit, either because they could not judge the prospective borrower's financial condition with any confidence, or because they were unsure what the assets in their own capital base would bring, should they be forced to liquidate them to cope with unexpected losses. This in turn had trickledown effect and heavily impacted the national economies over the next years, with effect still being felt, especially in European countries.The first wave of global financial crisis in the fall of 2008 was somewhat delayed in Europe, but the effects of the second and third waves have created a perfect economic storm that has upended European finance and politics. These conditions have led to growing unemployment and social unrest, the fall of a number of governments, and increasing pressures to reduce discretionary governmental spending, including for defence and foreign assistance.4 Tight fiscal circumstances over the next five years will require cuts in force levels, capabilities, and readiness, as well as deferred procurements, further eroding overall European military capabilities already suffering from two decades of underinvestment. European governments have undertaken major reduction in their structures, and defence spending has been flat of slightly declining over the past two decades.5Economically burdened nations are now compelled to restructure budgets to cope with the current crisis and reflect new fiscal realities. Most countries have opted for a reassessment and subsequent reduction of their defence budget. …


High-density polyethylene (HDPE) was graft functionalized with two different mercaptoesters in an inert atmosphere at 160°C under different experimental conditions by thermolysis method. The order of functionalization, crosslinking, and CC formation reactions were determined from the relative intensities of carbonyl stretching vibration and CH bending vibrations. FTIR, DSC, and TGA analytical tools were used to characterize mercaptoester-functionalized HDPE. A plausible reaction mechanism is proposed here to explain the experimental results obtained. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 2010. © 2009 Society of Plastics Engineers


A device for heating and frothing a liquid, in particular milk, comprising a container (21), which acts as a heating chamber and foam production, comprising - a first inlet duct (24) for introducing pressurized steam in the liquid for heating same and creating turbulence therein, said duct having at least one outlet opening of steam, - a second inlet duct (22) for introducing the liquid to be processed into said chamber (21 ), - a third inlet duct (25) to enter the necessary for the production of foam in the turbulent liquid air, and - outlet ducts first and second (32, 33) for discharging the froth and the heated liquid, respectively.


It is well known that the stability of a complex compound depends, among other things, largely upon the acid or the base strength of the ligand. In general, when all other things are equal, a stronger base will form a more stable complex while a stronger acid will form a less stable complex with a certain metal ion [1], However, an explicit and quantitative relationship between the stability of the complex compound and the acidity or basicity of the ligand has not been reported in the literature, although some linear relationships between the logarithm of the formation constant of the complex and the negative of the logarithm of the acid dissociation constant of the ligand for a number of metal complexes are known 11, 2], but no theoretical explanation was given. The present subject reports the preliminary findings of the existence of linear free energy relationships between the stability of the complex compounds and the acid and base strengths of the ligands, and some generalized equations have been formulated. The acidity of an acid ligand can be represented by its dissociation constant in the BRONSTED sense. Let HPL be an acid which dissociates in solution according to the following equation:


Substrate-based probes utilize known substrate specificity parameters to create a probe that can be activated by a target enzyme. In developing probes for heparanase, an endo-ß-glucuronidase, we previously reported that small, inactive substrate-based probes could be electronically tuned by incorporating electron-withdrawing atoms on the aromatic aglycone fluorophore, ortho- to the cleaved glycosidic bond. However, the installation of electron-withdrawing groups directly onto established fluorophores or other reporters complicates the synthesis of new heparanase probes. In this work we report a new design strategy to expand the toolkit of heparanase imaging probes, in which the installation of an electronically tuned benzyl alcohol linker restored the activity of a previously inactive heparanase probe using 4-methylumbelliferone as the fluorescent reporter, suggesting such a linker can provide a scaffold for facile development of activatable heparanase probes bearing a variety of imaging moieties.


Taking agricultural economic theories as scaffold,and taking consideration of the western agricultural economic development reality,the article has constructed a comprehensive evaluation indicator system for the western agricultural economic operation on the basis of the western agricultural economic situation,operating condition,operating benefit,ecological environment and western rural resident living standard.The article also conducted a comprehensive evaluation research on the western agricultural economy operation status using the principal components analytic method and the related analytic method.


Audit delay is the length of time the examination Completion As measured from the closing date up to date company books audited financial statements issued. This study aimed to investigate whether the audit delay for the company that perform pseudo mandatory rotation is different from the company who does. The study sample as many as 141 Non-financial Company in Indonesia Stock Exchange 2002-2015 with purposive sampling method. This study tested by using Tukey and Bonferroni test. Research results show that (1) audit delay for the company that perform real mandatory rotation has no significant different with company that perform voluntary rotation, (2) audit delay for the company that perform real mandatory rotation has no significant different with company that perform pseudo mandatory rotation, and (3) audit delay for the company that perform pseudo mandatory rotation has significant different with company that perform voluntary rotation.

Keywords : audit rotation, PAF reputation, audit delay


The photochemical and photophysical properties of nabumetone (4‐[6‐methoxy‐2‐naphthyl]‐2‐butanone) were examined employing conventional and time‐resolved spectroscopic techniques. The naphthalene‐like nabumetone triplet is formed with 29% efficiency in acetonitrile. Singlet oxygen formation was also detected in this solvent with a φA value of 0.19. A naphthalene‐like radical cation absorption, formed via biphotonic processes, was also detected. The reactivity of both the triplet and radical cation of nabumetone toward different substrates was examined. The photochemical properties of nabumetone are compared with those of naproxen, a structurally related acidic nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drug. For these two anti‐inflammatory agents, a type II photosen‐sitization process is most likely responsible for their phototoxicity.


Background: This thesis is a submission taking the form of a collection of original authored published works under the theme of Vessel Health and Preservation. My contribution to scholarly knowledge is the establishment of evidence, through research, for the preservation of veins for patients receiving intravenous therapies, and applying this evidence throughout the key concept areas of assessment and selection, insertion, management and evaluation within the Vessel Health and Preservation theme. Education is central within and across these concept areas. The research, reported in seven publications, forms the body of the thesis. The publications include three systematic reviews, one retrospective cohort analysis, two prospective
quasi-experimental cohort studies, and one multi-centre quasi-experimental study. Each of these publications meets the requirement for original and contemporary content.


In this research, the microstructural, mechanical and corrosion properties of the dissimilar joint of ASTM A537CL1 to AISI A321 steels produced by GTAW process were studied. The welding process was done with ER308L filler metal without pre and post weld heat treatment. The scanning electron microscope and optical microscope were used to study the microstructure and fracture surface of the welded samples. Also, the mechanical behavior of the joint was evaluated by impact, tensile, bending and microhardness tests. The results illustrated that the microstructure of the weld metal was austenite with dendritic structure contained skeletal and lathy ferrite. In tension tests, all weldments failed from A537 base metal. The results of impact test indicated that all specimens exhibit ductile fracture and indicated high impact energy of about 205 J. In fine grain HAZ of A537 steel, because of formation of fine equiaxed grains due to the allotropic transformation, high microhardness was seen. While, in coarse grain HAZ, due to the formation of bigger grains, carbon migration and decreasing in the amount of pearlite phase, the microhardness slightly decreased. The exsistence of chromium in microstructure improved the corrosion resistance and the weld metal indicated acceptable corrosion resistance as compared with both base metals.


Computer biology and bioinformatics are interdisciplinary fields that develop and apply computational methods to analyse large amounts of biological data, such as genetic sequences, cell populations, or protein samples, in order to make new predictions or find novel biology. Analytical approaches, mathematical modelling, and simulation are among the computational methods employed.Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is a lung inflammatory disease that causes persistent airflow restriction. These individuals frequently have extensive systemic consequences, such as skeletal muscle dysfunction, which severely restrict their life expectancy. Despite extensive research, the molecular basis of muscle deterioration in COPD remains a matter of contention. We used a network biology approach to investigate the link between the molecular and physiological responses of muscles to training and systemic inflammatory mediators in this study. Failure to coordinately activate expression of various tissue remodelling and bioenergetics pathways is a distinctive feature of COPD diseased muscles, according to our model. Our findings also point to a relationship between this phenomena and aberrant expression of a number of histone modifiers, which we discovered associated with oxygen utilisation. These findings highlighted the intriguing hypothesis that cell hypoxia is a crucial contributor in COPD patients' skeletal muscle.


She does it every time, but I always forget. After she has seen me in clinic she waits in the shadows until the last patient has gone. Then she creeps forward, places a plastic carrier bag outside my door, and scurries away. Ten minutes later I emerge laden with casenotes, and fall over it.

The contents of the bag, which are never wrapped, make up in originality for what they lack in style. Last time there was an orange and a box of tissues; the time before, a lump of Cheddar cheese and two pairs of nylon knickers. She is disabled and …


Disaster destroy local health systems and infrastructures; increase the potential risk for safe water, sanitation and diseases prevalence that may affect dreadfully the children's and women's rights to survive; to safety; to food and nutrition; to safe water, sanitation and hygiene; to health and to education. Such worst condition draw attention to scientists the need for understanding social, physical and health related vulnerabilities and capacities of children's and women's during and after disaster. These caused present field based assessment for impact of disaster on women and children living at Kalapara Upazila of Patuakhali district of Bangladesh. The semi-structured questionnaire survey for primary and secondary data collection and physical observation methods was followed to fulfill the objectives. Result showed that most of the women were illiterate; unemployed and more likely to be self-employed in housekeeping. They have no socially agreed right in decision making systems and suffer traditional gender based domination. Their lower economic and social status inclined them to be more vulnerable to gender sensitive disasters which are the regular phenomenon for the study area. Inside the shelter the children's and women's have limited space; basic needs provided were insufficient-- not ensured at both household and community level and the real situations were incidents of gender sensitive violence. The challenges to solve these problems are the integration of gender, women and child issues into disaster research, planning, and organizational practice as a pre-requisite for developing and delivering child and women centered DRR and CCA policy and programs.


The typical DTMF signal detection system is designed and simulated using MATLAB Link for CCS Development Tools in this paper. The steps and results of designing DSP system are also introduced in this paper. DTMF signal detection is realized using Goertzel arithmetic, and the whole process of DTMF signal detection is observed with MATLAB Link for CCS. This detection system can be used in the comprehensive speciality experiment for the undergraduate students of electronic and information major.


Static target recognition in a complex background (STRCB) is a very difficult problem. Although we have applied a neural network to our target recognition system and have previously improved system's target recognition ability to some degree, the applied neural network and the target decision method were still simple. A new target recognition method for STRCB which has greatly improved the system's target recognition accuracy is introduced in this paper. It includes a compound neural network and three fuzzy decision criteria. The configuration of the system and that of the neural network are proposed in this paper. The results of a simulation experiment are presented as well.<<ETX>>


Male and female bank voles reared in different conditions were investigated for their aggressiveness in order to show how social factors modify intermale and interfemale behavior. Singly reared males or females were paired with a tested animal for 10 min. The number of attacks and the accumulative attack times of singly reared males were higher than for females reared in similar conditions. The differences were not, however, statistically significant due to the variation among tested animals. There were significant differences in aggressiveness of females reared in various conditions before the test. Most attacks were observed in females reared with intact males. In this group, the accumulative attack time was significantly higher than that of singly reared, grouped females, or females kept with castrated or castrated-testosterone-treated males. Also, the aggression of males was affected by breeding. Both the number of attacks and the accumulative attack times were elevated in intact males kept with females. Housing of males in groups and castration significantly decreased the number of attacks of these animals. Injection of testosterone increased aggression in castrated males. It is suggested that olfactory signals in bank voles released by males increase aggression in females and the female's signals stimulate male behavior.


sample size of 316 farmers who were cultivating cowpea for last five years was drawn for the present investigation. The study highlighted that the majority of farmers had medium knowledge as well as medium level of adoption of cowpea production technology.The study further highlighted that majority of the respondents were not adopting the cowpea production technology to the fullest extent due to various reasons like weed control through herbicides is technically complex phenomenon, lack of knowledge about inoculation of seed through culture, sandy storm, high wind velocity and high temperature affect the growth of crop and productivity, 'lack of knowledge about recommended dose of fertilizers', 'lack of live saving irrigation facilities', 'lack of knowledge about seed treatment and their advantages', 'nonavailability of fertilizers at peak season', 'compel to sell the produce soon after harvesting' and 'high cost of chemicals' were the main constraints perceived by the farmers.


In the recent years, the emergence of the Electronic System Level (ESL) can be witnessed. An ESL design flow starts with a TLM description, which is thoroughly verified and then refined to a RTL description in subsequent steps. Obviously, the correctness of TLMmodels is of great importance, as undetected errors will propagate and become very costly. In the past few years, a wide body of verification techniques at TLM has been developed ranging from simulationbased to formal verification, which typically employs property checking. The subsequent verification of the RTL model is commonly performed by a TLM/RTL co-simulation, where the same input stimuli are applied to both models and their outputs are checked for equivalence. This step requires an additional executable verification component, known as transactor, to bridge the function calls at TLM with the signal-based interfaces at RTL and vice versa. Due to incompleteness, it is highly desirable that co-simulation is complemented with other (preferably formal) approaches. A promising direction is to reuse properties that have been proven on the TLM model. However, semantic differences of the involved abstraction levels prevent straight-forward reuse. The translation process, i.e. TLM-to-RTL property refinement, is mostly manual, therefore error-prone and time-consuming.


Facebook has decided to shut down Facebook Deals in the upcoming weeks. After four months of testing,  Facebook officially told Reuters that they are shutting Deals. Product was launched in April and it had the goal to bring daily deals to more than 750 million Facebook users. It was launched in Austin, San Francisco, Atlanta,…


This paper deals with structural studies of a new electrophoretically silent β chain variant, [β130(H8) Tyr→Ser], which was found in an 18-year-old French Caucasian male during an investigation for erythrocytosis. Family studies showed that the sister, mother, and grandmother carried the same abnormal hemoglobin


keted in Spain, mostly antineoplastic and immunomodulatory drugs. During these 3 years, the AEMPS published 13 notes referring to MUAMs and they related to safety (30.7%), contraindications for use (30.7%), restrictions on use (23%) and informative notes (15.4%). Only two of these notes affected one of the authorised MUAMs from 2017 to 2019 (tofacitinib). Conclusion and relevance The most frequent designated criteria were new active substance, followed by new biologicals, PASS and conditional/exceptional authorisations. The high number of MUAMs authorised each year in Europe and their special characteristics justifies the need to implement a circuit in the hospital pharmacy services that includes: sessions to remind staff of their importance, patient information sheets to reinforce greater follow-up and explain the most common adverse effects as well as a wider dissemination of information about restrictions of use and contraindications.


Why do people vote on political parties that make it clear that they do not have an intention to be in government? This research expands the model by Skaperdas & Grofman (1995) to look at the conditions in an established political landscape that give room for a populist party to enter in. Also the behaviour of the populist party and the established parties is analysed.


We study the relationship between microstructure and rheology of spherical micelles formed by a triblock copolymer consisting of polyethylene oxide and polypropylene oxide in aqueous solutions. Small angle neutron scattering (SANS) is used to determine the self-association and hydration of the micelles at various polymer concentrations and temperatures. The intermicellar interaction can be described as a hard core repulsion with surface attraction. At elevated temperatures, the polymeric micelles exhibit a higher degree of association, dehydration, and surface adhesion. The low shear viscosity of the micellar solution is evaluated as a sum of the hydrodynamic contribution and a contribution from the interparticle interaction. The latter part is calculated based on the formula proposed by de Schepper, Smorenburg, and Cohen [Phys. Rev. Lett. {bold 5,} 2178 (1993)]. We adopt Baxter{close_quote}s model of a hard sphere with an adhesive surface to evaluate the interparticle structure factor and find that the surface attraction effectively increases the viscosity at high volume fractions. To calculate the relative viscosity at low shear rate of the polymeric micellar solutions, we use the volume fractions and intermicellar interaction potentials extracted from SANS data analysis. We obtain excellent agreement between the calculated viscosity values and the experimental measurements. {copyright} {italmore » 1996 The American Physical Society.}« less


In line with the increase of science and technology as well as insights into the community will be electricity in Indonesia, so that PT. PLN is trying to satisfy customers in using electricity in a way to develop and improve facilities and equipment to be more flexible and robust against interference, which could affect the process of electricity distribution systems to consumers. Sub station operators have an important role in substations operating readiness as supervisors and observers physical condition of substation equipment maintenance and executive attention following the sub station with facilities and equipment contained in the sub station, sub station operating guidelines, and the tasks of the sub station operator and procedures for task assignment operator operation is divided into four conditions, including normal conditions, maintenance, interruptions, and emergencies.


Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is a common gastrointestinal disorder and considered to be associated with multiple factors. The incidence of GERD is different among various areas in the world. In recent years, the incidence trend of GERD increases by years in china. GERD is due to the weakening of anti reflux defense and the attack of gastroduodenal reflux on esophagus. Stimulating food can lead to reflux esophagitis meanwhile bad living habits can aggravate the symptoms of reflux esophagitis.This review aims to identify key nutrition and lifestyle risk factors and provide appropriate interventions for adults with GERD. Interventions can alleviate the clinical symptoms of the disease and prevent the disease from developing into a more serious stage.

Key words:
Gastroesophageal reflux disease; lifestyle; nutrition; intervention


Hospital Information System (HIS) could potentially improve the quality of healthcare services and patient safety. Nevertheless, there is a number of growing evidence that show HIS can pose risk to patient safety when it is poorly designed, implemented, or adopted. Most of the preventive solutions have been focusing on improving the software design. Conversely, patient safety is not merely dependent
upon HIS, but also influenced by its interactions with users, other technologies, and environment. Therefore, this research proposes a conceptual model for a safe use of HIS by considering the sociotechnical aspect. Exploratory mixed methods methodology was employed. The first phase involved qualitative exploration of the safe use of HIS and its antecedents. Interview transcripts from 31 medical doctors at three Malaysian government hospitals implementing Total Hospital Information System (THIS) were collected. A quantitative data collection followed as the second phase to evaluate the research model. A total of 450 medical doctors from the three hospitals participated in the questionnaire survey. Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) was used for quantitative data analysis. The findings showed that knowledge, system quality, and team work has a significant direct effect on vigilance, while task stressor has a significant direct effect on procedure compliance. Teamwork emerged as the most important factor in determining the safe use of HIS. In addition, vigilance has a significant direct effect on both patient safety and patient care quality, whereas procedure compliance has significant direct effect on patient safety. Besides that,
vigilance mediates the effect of knowledge, system quality, and teamwork on patient care quality. Procedure compliance mediates the effect of task stressor on patient safety. The model has portrayed predictive capability and predictive relevance, implying that the model could effectively explain the safe use of HIS and its outcomes. Hence, this research concludes that healthcare organisations and practitioners should give attention to the sociotechnical aspect of the safe use of HIS antecedents in reducing error, as well as increasing the quality of patient care.


According to the WHO, there are currently around 2.2 billion people who are either visually impaired or blind in the world. Previously, these people had to rely only on classic aids such as the white cane and the guide dog for mobility and magnifiers and screen readers amongst others for reading. The massive use of smartphones has opened many new possibilities for the visually impaired and blind. They can now use their smartphones to help them navigate around cities and other places. In this project it is proposed to have an app for smartphones which automatically tells the blind user the objects around him. However, automatically identifying and describing the content of an image is not such a simple task. It involves tasks from 2 complex fields namely computer vision and natural language processing. The proposed application, EyeSee, takes images from a real-time environment, processes these frame by frame and tells the user what the image represents. The app also annotates the images with text. The app uses Deep Learning, more specifically, Show, Attend and Tell and GRU.


The active casing approach is a technique to reduce noise emission of devices and machinery by controlling vibrations of their casings. This method was successfully validated by the authors for a single-panel casing in previous publications. However, if even higher noise reduction is required, a dedicated double-panel structure can be employed. In this paper, the sound insulation efficiency of a double-panel active casing is evaluated and compared with a single-panel structure by performing a series of laboratory experiments. The least mean squares algorithm is used to adaptively update control filter parameters. A low-frequency noise in the range up to 500 Hz is considered. Advantages and limits of the proposed approach are pointed out and discussed, and conclusions for future research are given.


This systematic review examines current evidence on the association between extreme weather and child, early, and forced marriage (CEFM). Studies published in English between 1990 and 2022 were identified through ten databases, and independently screened for inclusion followed by data extraction, quality assessment, and narrative synthesis. Of the 20 studies included, CEFM was a major theme in the qualitative studies; quantitative and mixed-method studies noted a positive association between extreme weather and CEFM. Limitations include reporting bias, non-representative samples, and limited geographic coverage. Health professionals and social workers must recognize the complexities surrounding CEFM and extreme weather, which will worsen amid climate change.


Abstract The Emperor Napoleon I is regarded as one of the greatest generals of all time and, as such, he has attracted an immense bibliography. In spite of this, there have been few studies of him as a strategist: instead, it is simply assumed that it was enough for the Emperor to have conducted an operation for it to have had a logical strategic goal. In this article, however, Napoleon is shown to have been primarily an opportunist, who was frequently guided by the needs of the moment and swayed from his course by circumstance, while it is further suggested that, even considered on their own merits, many of his decisions were faulty in the extreme.


Both individual and institutional discrimination still exist in Science, Technology, Engineering and Math (STEM) higher education, but embedded inequalities have largely replaced more visible forms of discrimination (Monroe, Ozyurt, Wrigley, & Alexander, 2008). Research suggests that the marginalization of female students and faculty persists in STEM education because of institutional factors (Cantu, 2012; Griffith, 2010; Linley & George-Jackson, 2013; Mayberry & Rose, 1999); discrimination is institutionalized through texts, policies, practices, and unwritten norms (Acker, 1990). Institutional texts, such as the syllabus, coordinate the day-to-day work of those within the institution and serve as a link between the local and ruling relations (Campbell & Gregor, 2004). The syllabus reflects the institutional values and discourses of STEM academics as a document created to inform and guide students as they pursue a STEM education; as such, a critical discourse analysis of the language used in the document to coordinate student work can reveal entrenched inequalities in STEM education (Biber, 2006a). This study explored the gendered nature of STEM in higher education through a feminist critical discourse analysis of STEM course syllabi. Through this discourse analysis, I sought to understand if and how STEM syllabi are gendered; the analysis and findings informs and extends understanding of the STEM syllabus and STEM education. Calls for research to understand the existing social and scientific systems that marginalize women in STEM fields at the institutional level have increased in the recent years (Cantu, 2012; Griffith, 2010; Linley & George-Jackson, 2013; Mayberry & Rose, 1999). This study responds to those calls for research by exploring the STEM syllabus. By understanding if and how the syllabus is gendered through a feminist critical discourse analysis, this study extends understanding of how STEM higher education marginalizes women and has the potential to make recommendations to ameliorate those factors both through changes to the syllabus as well as to the institutional culture that perpetuates it. To inform my analysis of the genre of the syllabus, I began by exploring the linguistic features of the syllabi. Specifically, I explored how linguistic features like stance and interdiscursivity were used in the corpus of syllabi explored; how is power reflected in the syllabus through the use of pronouns, and what linguistic tools and discourses are used to perpetuate the gendered nature of the STEM classroom. Conceptual Framework This study was framed through the lens of poststructuralist feminist thought to provide a lens through which I explored how power is gendered (Hesse-Biber, 2014). Poststructuralism "rejects objectivity and the notions of an absolute truth and single reality," and "knowledge is complicated, contradictory, and contingent to a certain social context and historical context" (Hesse-Biber, 2014, p. 44). For poststructural feminists, emphasis is placed on language and discourse, "regarded as constitutive of experience and not simply representative of it" (Hesse-Biber, 2014, p. 44). As such, discourse analysis is a key tool of poststructuralist researchers because the link between power and knowledge can be seen by exploring language-in-use (Hesse-Biber, 2014; Lazar, 2005). Analysis of texts looks for practical ideologies to uncover what is framed as logical ways of thinking that, in reality, perpetuate inequality (Hesse-Biber, 2014). Since patriarchal gender ideology is structural, it is enacted in institutions and reflected in institutional texts, therefore, "The task of feminist CDA is to examine how power and dominance are discursively produced and/or resisted in a variety of ways through textual representations of gendered social practices" (Lazar, 2005, p. 10). Through a framework of poststructuralist feminist thought, this discourse analysis uncovers the ways that gendered practices that favor men are represented and replicated in the syllabus. …


Delayed gratification is associated with myriad desirable outcomes—like eating right and saving money. In this article, I explore whether it also increases political participation. To this end, I provide an explicit decision-theoretic framework, which predicts that less patient individuals are less willing to vote and to donate; these forms of participation are costly before Election Day, but their rewards are partially delayed. I then discuss how to elicit individual time preferences with real monetary incentives. In the empirical analysis, I provide evidence from a representative U.S. survey showing that monetary discount rates predict turnout and donations. Though mostly correlational and exploratory, these findings hold when controlling for a host of potential confounds. Overall, my results indicate that impatient types are less likely to prepare for and ultimately participate in elections. This sheds light on when and how deep psychological traits constrain political decisions involving a trade-off over time.


In this work, a new framework for accurate classification of hyperspectral images is proposed. The new method is based on Hidden Markov Random Field and its Expectation Maximization (HMRF-EM) and Support Vector Machine (SVM) classifier. In order to preserve edges in final map, the Sobel edge detector is used. Result confirms that the combination of the spectral and spatial information can significantly improve results compared to the standard SVM method.


Severe thunderstorms pose a significant challenge for development of reasonably accurate climatologies. They are rare events at any particular location and, in general, their reporting depends upon the presence of a system designed to collect data and an observer at the location of the event. Brooks and Doswell (2001) discussed some of the problems with particular regard to the tornado reporting problem. A lack of uniformity in standards for data collection between different countries and changes through time in the way data are collected makes comparisons across space and time very difficult. A possible solution to some of the problems is to use meteorological covariates (Brown and Murphy 1996) to estimate the occurrence of events. Covariates are variables that are measured consistently in space and time and have some relationship to the event of interest. In effect, the challenge of estimating occurrence of the weather event of interest is transformed from solving the poor quality of observations to developing a reasonable relationship between a well-observed variable and the event we are actually interested in. In the severe weather community, there is a long tradition of studies of so-called "proximity soundings", rawinsonde launches taken near to severe weather events in space and time, to try to determine the relationship between large-scale environmental variables and severe weather occurrence (e.g., Fawbush and Miller 1952, 1954; Beebe 1955, 1958, 1963; Darkow 1969; Turcotte and Vigneux 1987; Johns et al. 1993; Brooks et al. 1994; Rasmussen and Blanchard 1998; Craven 2001; Craven et al. 2002a; Brooks et al. 2002.) A goal on many of these studies was to find a small set of parameters that could discriminate between different kinds of weather of interest, say between severe and non-severe thunderstorm environments or tornadic and nontornadic environments.


In this globalization era, more and more technological sophistication and the speed of information that can be received by everyone causes the world to be more open. Many new things that are easy to enter the country of Indonesia with technological and information sophistication, are also accompanied by increasing human resources in using and utilizing various technological sophistication features. One of them is the use of social media. Social media is the biggest influence on the existence of new information that can be accessed by all people, ranging from men and women. Nowadays, there is a lot of talk about the phenomenon of Cross Hijabers, where in a nutshell the Cross Hijabers phenomenon is a phenomenon of men who like wearing hijab / veil and joining Muslim community or activities. The rise of the Cross Hijabers phenomenon has long been talked about on social media, especially on Instagram and Twitter. Many Instagram and Twitter accounts post and share photos or videos of men wearing Muslim women's clothing, complete with hijab and veils. This is certainly a distorted phenomenon. In this writing, the author looks at the phenomenon of Cross Hijabers that is widely discussed in Indonesia through the lens of law and Human Rights.