In this paper, an underlay cognitive radio system, which consists of a primary-user (PU) transmitter (TX), a PU receiver (RX), a secondary-user (SU) TX, and a SU_RX, is considered. Benefitting from the underlay mode, SU_TX can deliver its information to SU_RX by sharing the spectrum resource authorized to PU. It is assumed that SUs are equipped with a single transmitting antenna and a single receiving antenna, which are isolated, and work in full-duplex (FD) mode. By considering that the information signal transmitted from PU_TX to PU_RX may be eavesdropped by SU_TX if SU_TX is malicious, we investigate the secrecy outage performance of the PU system. The approximated closed-form expression for secrecy outage probability (SOP) and the lower boundary of the asymptotic SOP have been derived and verified by simulation results. Our results reveal the impact of the eavesdropping of the SU and the FD mode adopted at the SU transmitter on the secrecy performance of the PU system in underlay spectrum sharing mode.


Fluorescence kinetics of flavin adenine dinucleotide was measured in a wide time and spectral range in different media, affecting its intra- end extramolecular interactions, and analyzed by a new method based on compressed sensing.


The interaction of differential rotation and toroidal fields that are current-free in the gap between two corotating axially unbounded cylinders is considered. It is shown that nonaxisymmetric perturbations are unstable if the rotation rate and Alfv\'en frequency of the field are of the same order, almost independent of the magnetic Prandtl number Pm. For the very steep rotation law \Omega\propto R^{-2} (the Rayleigh limit) and for small Pm the threshold values of rotation and field for this Azimuthal MagnetoRotational Instability (AMRI) scale with the ordinary Reynolds number and the Hartmann number, resp. A laboratory experiment with liquid metals like sodium or gallium in a Taylor-Couette container has been designed on the basis of this finding. For fluids with more flat rotation laws the Reynolds number and the Hartmann number are no longer typical quantities for the instability. For the weakly nonlinear system the numerical values of the kinetic energy and the magnetic energy are derived for magnetic Prandtl numbers \leq 1. We find that the magnetic energy grows monotonically with the magnetic Reynolds number Rm, while the kinetic energy grows with Rm/\sqrt{Pm}. The resulting turbulent Schmidt number, as the ratio of the `eddy' viscosity and the diffusion coefficient of a passive scalar (such as lithium) is of order 20 for Pm=1, but for small Pm it drops to order unity. Hence, in a stellar core with fossil fields and steep rotation law the transport of angular momentum by AMRI is always accompanied by an intense mixing of the plasma, until the rotation becomes rigid.


Since the Reform and Opening-up,China's urbanization level has been constantly raising,as urbanization is the inevitable requirement and the choice to China's economic and social development.Higher education has made considerable achievements along with this urbanization process.It has formed the socialist higher education system,which adapts itself to national economic construction and social development,with its multi-level,multi-form,and comprehensive disciplines.It has trained a large number of senior specialized talents who play an important role in national economic construction,the progress of science and technology and social development.It is of realistic and practical significance to investigate higher education problems in urbanization construction,so as to optimize the allocation of higher education resources,and to enhance its role in promoting urbanization construction in turn.


East China is under minerogenic background of huge rift system of East Asia and is influenced by such factors as subduction of the Pacific plate,discontinuous lithosphere,thinning of mantle under the lithosphere,big granitic rock province etc.and is constrained by dynamic mechanism of mushroom-like sub-mantle plume thus large scale metallogeny and oil-gas reservoirs occur here.This paper analyzes mineral resources-control factor of sub-mantle plume structures in Northeastern China,Central China and Southern China so as to provide theoretical basis for future mineral and reservoir exploration to depth in the areas.


To the Editor of The HosriTAL. lit,?Your correspondent t" Ierne " fails to differena e between the hours when a. nurse is on duty and off ^utyHe may as well ask, Is it expedient for a woman ct?i' to enter a public-house, or for a woman teacher ? smoke when taking a class ? -A. nurse has a perfect right to enter a public-house when she is off duty and out of uniform, provided it is a suitable place to l>e frequented by. an educated and respectable citizen. It is not usual to find women of education and


Excitation functions were measured by the stacked-foil technique for the formation of 9 Ru, 9 Ru and 9 Ru in the interactions of natural molybdenum with α-particles up to 28 MeV and with 3 Heparticles up to 36 MeV. For incident energies below 20 MeV, 94 Ru is formed only in 3 He-particle induced reactions. At incident particle energies above 23 MeV in the case of 94 Ru, and at all incident energies in the case of 9 Ru and 9 Ru, the yields in aand 3 He-particle induced nuclear reactions are almost identical. The 3 He-particle induced production method has the advantage that the longer-lived 1 0 3 Ru is not formed and that the higher energies of 3 He-particles available at compact cyclotrons can be exploited. For E3 H e = 36 -» 15 MeV, the theoretically expected thick target yields o f 9 4 R u , 9 S Ruand " R u a r e 1.1, 4.5 and 0.12 mCi/μΑΙι, respectively. Two chemical methods, based on solvent extraction and distillation techniques, were applied for the carrierfree separation of ruthenium. In both the methods ruthenium was obtained in high purity ( > 99.85 %) and the radiochemical yield was >80%. For routine production the distillation technique was found to be more suitable. Typical experimental batch yields of 9 Ru, 9 Ru and 9 Ru at 2 h after EOB were found to be 2.7, 14.0 and 1.8 mCi, respectively.


Globalization and the rules it generates confront legal scholarship with a number of intricate issues. One of these lies at the core of a hypothesis which has been debated for some time in the literature. According to this hypothesis, the legal vacuum left by nation states in the institutional organization of cross-border commerce has been filled by a variety of private governance mechanisms, with the result that regulatory responsibility has been taken over by private or hybrid actors. Testing this proposition requires analytical tools capable of discriminating between private ordering and public law-making. The private, or hybrid, governance regimes that would seem to be the hallmark of what is slowly emerging as global law are a Byzantine mixture of legal and social norms. Because of this, the foremost problem to be solved is that of deciding where to draw the line between legal and non-legal norms. Only if there are unequivocal criteria for distinguishing between law and non-law does it become possible to comprehend how hybrid regimes arise and evolve within the globalization process and, thus, to determine whether private actors have in fact assumed regulatory responsibility.


The study has revealed that even on newer ships there are many structures of undesirable design. The main problems are: 1) Insufficient accessibility for corrosion protection of some parts of the structure itself. 2) Too small clearance between the structure and deck, bulwark or bulkhead to achieve easy access beneath or behind the structure. 3) Too many details made of ordinary steel, which cause rust staining because they cannot be protected properly with paint alone. Such details are clamps, bolts, nuts, hinges, small ventilation ducts on bulkheads etc. 4) Sharp cut edges which prove to be starting points of Rusting. 5) Serious corrosion that seems unavoidable when hot pipes of copper alloys are joined by steel flanges. The study also revealed that proper corrosion protection of steam pipes and winches is very difficult. No ordinary paints will last for long due to the high temperature and better protective methods or means are needed. It was also evident that the low paint standard found in some cases was at least partly due to the low standard of the original treatment as new buildings, or the use of unsuitable paints for the purpose is question.


Wells, H. D., Hanna, W. W., and Burton, G. W. 1987. Effects of inoculation and pollination on smut development in near-isogenic lines of pearl millet. Phytopathology 77:293-296. Inoculating pearl millet heads during the first 72 hr after emergence with demonstrating that pollination is a major factor inhibiting smut a sporidial suspension of Tolyposporiumpenicillariae in the late afternoon development. Age of florets at the time of inoculation was a major factor (1600-1700 hours) and covering the heads overnight (until 0800-0900 regulating smut development. Timing of pollination of inoculated plants hours) with prewetted polyethylene bags appeared adequate to assure smut significantly influenced smut development, especially when pollination was infection in a susceptible host. The tr gene that removes plant trichomes, delayed more than 72 hr after inoculation. Between the near-isogenic lines stylar branches, and pleiotropically affects a number of other plant there appeared to be genetic differences in smut resistance because dwarf, characteristics conferred a high level of smut resistance. The male sterile late, inbred 23D was significantly more resistant than tall, early 23E. lines in the absence of pollen had the highest level of smut infection, Additional key word: Pennisetum americanum. Pearl millet, Pennisetum americanum (L) Leeke, is primarily a could overseason in the soil, and teliospores produced sporidia forage crop in the southern United States, but it is the staple cereal that became airborne to initiate infection in the following crop. throughout the hot-arid and semiarid areas of the Indian This was highly dependent on moisture at time of flowering. He subcontinent and Africa. During recent years extensive genetic also showed that different floral stages affected smut development improvement efforts have been under way. However, the new and that pollination affected smut infection by causing stigmas to high-yielding hybrids have been more prone to ergot and smut than wither after fertilization. Thakur et al (8,9) demonstrated that time the land races of pearl millet. of inoculation affected smut development. Highest levels of smut Ergot, caused by Claviceps fusiformis Loveless, and smut, development resulted from inoculations in the boot leaf stage with caused by Tolyposporium penicillariae Bref., are two major no smut development when inoculation was delayed until anthesis. diseases of pearl millet in which the pathogens infect the individual Male sterile lines were more susceptible than lines producing florets and the pathogens and host combine to produce fungal pollen. masses, sclerotia, and spore balls, respectively, in lieu of seed Patel and Desai (4) showed that polyethylene bags were superior grains. Ergot has not been reported on pearl millet in the United to butter paper bags as head covers for smut infection when relative States, but the smut was reported in 1962 (13). humidity was below 90%. Thakur et al in 1983 (9) found that Since ergot is a potentially dangerous disease because of toxicity polyethylene bags were superior to parchment bags in the to humans and animals, from C. fusiformis alkaloids, it has greenhouse but not in the field. However, field inoculations using received major attention from researchers. Thakur and Williams the parchment bag technique were highly dependent on the rainy (10) and Thakur et al (11,12) have demonstrated that both the time season or sprinkler irrigation for success. At Tifton, GA (Wells, of pollination and time of inoculation with C.fusiformis are major unpublished), we have had excellent success using prewetted factors regulating ergot development. Pollination before or at time polyethylene bags to cover the inoculated heads just after of inoculation with C. fusiformis reduced ergot from 60-80% to inoculation at approximately 1600-1700 hours and removing the less than 3% of florets infected, and pollination delayed 16 hr after bags at approximately 0800-0900 hours the next morning under inoculation resulted in an intermediate level of ergot. Most ergot field, screenhouse, and greenhouse conditions during both rainy (80% of florets infected) was obtained when heads were inoculated and dry periods. The prewetted polyethylene contained a film of at the time when a maximum number offresh stigmas were present moisture inside the bag that resulted in near 100% relative and was lowest (2% of florets infected) when inoculation was humidity within the bag during the time it was left on the head. delayed until stigmas had withered. Significant progress has been These bags have been effective at maximum daily temperatures made in identifying and developing sources of resistance to ergot ranging from 25 to 40 C; however, these temperatures were (7,11). probably not attained during the period the heads were under the Bhatt in 1946 (1) showed that T. penicillariae sporidia infected polyethylene bag. individual florets resulting in the production of smut in lieu of seed. Husain and Thakur in 1963 (3) and Subba Rao and Thakur in He demonstrated that the smut was not carried within the seed but 1983 (6) demonstrated that T. penicillariae sporidia grown in culture were superior to spore balls as a source of inoculum for The publication costs of this article were defrayed in part by page charge payment. This pearl millet. article must therefore be hereby marked "advertisement" in accordance with 18 U.S.C. § The purpose of this study was to more clearly define the effects of 1734 solely to indicate this fact. timing of pollination and timing of inoculation in relation to age of This article is in the public domain and not copyrightable. It may be freely florets on smut development in pearl millet using a number of reprinted with customary crediting of the source. The American near-isogenic, male sterile and maintainer lines of Tift 23 pearl Phytopathological Society, 1987. millet. A portion of this work has been reported in an abstract (14). Vol. 77, No. 2,1987 293 MATERIALS AND METHODS receiving pollen on indicated dates. Source of pollen applied on all lines was from 23 EB. Pollen was secured by placing glasine bags Inoculum and inoculation. T. penicillariae cultures were over heads just beginning anthesis the day before use. Heads were obtained from intact smutted florets collected from the field at inverted and pollen dusted into bag; the bags were then transferred Tifton, GA, in 1984 and 1985. The smutted florets were surface to target head and placed over head and shaken to distribute pollen sterilized by dipping in alcohol, pierced with a sterile needle, and onto florets. the spore balls dusted onto 20% V-8 agar (V8A) in 9-cm culture Greenhouse test 1985. Tift 23 near-isogenic A lines 23 EA and 23 dishes. Pure cultures were transferred to other dishes of V8A and DA having the normal Tr gene pair, and 23 EA tr and 23 DA tr serially transferred by spreading over entire dish surface as needed carrying the tr gene pair with pleiotrophic effects, were inoculated to supply the desired amounts of inoculum. Inoculum was with smut on day 1 and not pollinated. Number of heads per entry removed from 5to 10-day-old cultures by scraping with a spatula varied from 37 to 56. Smut infestations were estimated and and comminuted with deionized water in a Waring Blendor expressed as percent of total florets infected on each head. (sporidial concentration was about 106 per milliliter). The suspension was sprayed onto heads until run-off with a knapsack RESULTS sprayer at approximately 1600-1700 hours. Heads were immediately covered with polyethylene bags (6.5 X 26 cm) that had Screenhouse test 1984. The average disease ratings were 3.0, 2.0, been prewetted inside with deionized water. To be sure the and 1.0 for the 23EA, 23EB, and 23EB with supplemental pollen, polyethylene bags had adequate moisture inside to serve as respectively. These differences were all significant at P = 0.01. humidity chambers, the bags were prewetted by opening and Percentages of heads rating a 3.0 or higher were 66, 35, and 0% for immersing in deionized water before use. Bags were taken directly 23EA, 23EB, and 23EB with supplemental pollen, respectively. out of the water and stapled over the heads. The polyethylene bags Field test 1984. The natural field level of smut as determined were replaced approximately 0800-0900 hours the following from heads remaining bagged throughout the test averaged 1.7. morning with glasine or kraft bags or heads left uncovered When plants were inoculated on day of heading average smut depending on treatment regime. After anthesis all heads were scores were 1.3, 2.6, 3.3, 3.7, and 4.5 for pollination on day 2, 3, 4, 5, covered with kraft bags that had been treated to retard insect and 6, respectively. Average smut scores were 4.2, 4.4, 2.9, 2. 1, and infestation. 1.5 when inoculating with T. penicillariae on day 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5, A study was initiated when adequate plants were available at the respectively. Differences in means for both time of pollinating and heading stage (day 1) to do a test. Heads selected were from time of inoculating were highly significant (P= 0.01). one-third to two-thirds out of the boot but had no visible Field test 1985. The greatest difference of any of the factors indication of stigma emergence. The flag leaf and sheath were studied in 1985 resulted from the evaluation of smut infection in peeled away from the head and the head was covered with a glasine the trichomeless tr gene pair with an average smut rating of 0.78 as bag to prevent pollination and natural smut infection. Heads were compared with 2.22 for the normal Tr plants. Because the effect of color coded and numbered according to treatment they would the tr gene pair was so great (P= 0.001) in suppressing smut and the receive. All treatments were replicated 10 or more times in a overall smut level in this tr gene type was so low, we excluded lines completely randomized experiment


The convenience of online food ordering has rapidly grown in popularity in recent years, as technology has made it easier for people to access and purchase food from their favourite restaurants without leaving their homes. This analysis of the survey responses from a sample of consumers indicates the trend and preferences of online food ordering after the COVID-19 pandemic, particularly by younger generations. The survey aimed to collect data on the frequency of online food ordering, the type of food ordered, the level of due diligence conducted by the respondents while ordering food, the impact of online food ordering on overall food consumption, and the perceived advantages and disadvantages of ordering food online. By gathering insights into these areas, the survey aimed to provide a comprehensive overview of the trend of online food ordering and its impact on individual consumers, online food delivery and food industry.


Topicality. One of the alternatives to the intensification of agricultural production is the introduction of new ecological technologies that are aimed at realizing the natural potential of agrophytocenoses and are based on the effective use of their biological capabilities. Climate changes and development of environmentalization in agriculture create prerequisites for the selection of soybean varieties of different maturity groups and the study of their productivity potential and grain quality indicators under different cultivation technologies. Purpose. Assessment of soybean varieties by yield and grain quality indicators under traditional and organic technologies. Methods. Field, laboratory, mathematical, statistical analysis. Results. It was established that the grain yield of mid-early ripening soybean varieties (Everest, ES Professor and DH530) was 2.88 t/ha under traditional technology, and 2.24 t/ha under organic technology, and of mid-ripening soybean varieties (Winsdor, ES Pallador and Emperor) – 3.25 and 2.44 t/ha, respectively, that is higher than in mid-early ripening varieties. The difference in grain yield under traditional and organic technologies was 0.63 t/ha for mid-early ripening varieties, and 0.81 t/ha for mid-ripening varieties. Over two years of research, we found that soybean grain contained an average of 39.8–42.5 % protein, 20.1–21.7 % fat, and 11.7–13.9 % moisture. Protein yield ranged within 1.11–1.42 t/ha and fat yield – 0.57–0.72 t/ha due to higher soybean grain yield under traditional technology, which was by 21.0–24.7 and 21.5–25.6 % higher than under organic cultivation. It was found that the level of correlation between grain yield and protein content was above the average (r = 0.69 and 0.78) for traditional and organic cultivation, and the correlation between yield and fat content was high (r = 0.97 and 0.95). Conclusions. The quality indicators (protein and fat content) and grain moisture content of soybeans depended on the varietal characteristics and weather conditions and remained unchanged under the influence of cultivation technology. The soybean of Emperor variety had the highest grain yield (3.35 and 2.47 t/ha), protein yield (1.42 and 1.05 t/ha) and fat yield (0.72 and 0.54 t/ha), respectively, under traditional and organic cultivation technologies. Therefore, this variety can be recommended for cultivation under both technologies. Key words: soybean, productivity, protein content, fat content, grain moisture content


A semiconductor package is obtained by separately preparing a board having, as formed on the surface thereof, an interconnect pattern containing a fine pattern having a narrow interconnect pitch adapted to connection with a high-pin-count device, and a board having, as formed on the surface thereof, an interconnect pattern containing no fine pattern but only a rough pattern having a wide interconnect pitch adapted to connection with a low-pin-count device; by mounting the devices respectively on these boards; and by stacking these boards.


Judea Pearl's new book contains both a remarkable array of new mathematical techniques concerned with causality, and also much philosophical discussion and analysis of the notion. Philosophy of science or mathematics at its best usually has a close relation to scienti®c or mathematical practice. Yet given the divergence in human abilities and the specialisation of our age, it is rare for a single individual to achieve what Pearl has done, that is to innovate both mathematically and philosophically. Indeed the only comparable example I can think of is that of De Finetti, whose works, such as his ([1937]), contain new ideas in both mathematics and philosophy. Pearl's book will therefore be of interest both to mathematicians working in such areas as epidemiology and arti®cial intelligence, and to philosophers. In this review I will concentrate on the philosophical side of the book, while mentioning brie¯y some of the mathematical developments. The present book has developed out of Pearl's earlier ([1988]) book, though with many signi®cant changes. In his ([1988]), Pearl presented a theory of what he called Bayesian networks, having introduced the term in his ([1985]). Bayesian networks have proved very successful in arti®cial intelligence, and are now used in a wide variety of AI applications. To explain the development of Pearl's thought and his present position, it will be necessary to give a brief explanation of this concept. This can most easily be done by giving a simple example, and we have taken the one presented in Pearl ([2000], p. 15), which is illustrated in Figure 1. The network consists of a ®nite number of nodes (X 1 , X 2 ,. . ., X 5), some pairs of which are joined by arrows. This network describes a scene that unfolds in a suburb of Los Angeles. The season X 1 (spring, summer, autumn, or winter) in¯uences whether it rains X 2 , or whether a sprinkler is turned on X 3. Either of these can make the pavement wet X 4 , which in turn can make it


This Paper studies the strongpoint and the problem of the new practical teaching pattern of Zhongshan Institute of Packaging by investigating packaging corporations, and some suggestions and ideas are brought forward to improve the work in Zhongshan.


The paper proposes a new model for individuals' movement in ecology. The movement process is defined as a solution to a stochastic differential equation whose drift is the gradient of a multimodal potential surface. This offers a new flexible approach among the popular potential‐based movement models in ecology. To perform parameter inference, the widely used Euler method is compared with two other pseudolikelihood procedures and with a Monte Carlo expectation–maximization approach based on exact simulation of diffusions. Performances of all methods are assessed with simulated data and with a data set of fishing vessel trajectories. We show that the usual Euler method performs worse than the other procedures for all sampling schemes.


This paper explores a framework that combines Spatial Analysis with the Hedonic Model-ling method identifying a possible spatial correlation between house prices and railway station areas. Several studies, regarding European and American cities, showed that properties near the railway stations tend to have higher prices than the properties which are more distant from them. To address this issue regarding Greece, this study focuses on the Athens Central Station (Stathmos Larissis). The study area was defined through a buffer zone of approximately 700 meters around Athens Central Station. Data, was mainly originated from different property sales websites in order to take into account the market prices today. Results were formed via a semi-log model and through the Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) method and Multi-Regression Analysis (MRA). The model results showed that properties near railway infrastructure and especially near the train station, tend to have lower prices than the ones that were distant. Thus, several actions can be proposed for the existing railway infrastructure and the neighboring areas in order to be upgraded and further developed.


Abstract Most of the information presently available on the behaviour of electrolyte solutions is confined to aqueous media at 25 ° C and 1 atmosphere pressure.1 We have initiated a programme of work to determine quantities such as electrode potentials, conductances and activities of electrolyte solutions in non-aqueous solvents. In particular, we have studied the mobilities and activities of various ions in liquid ammonia solutions within the temperature range −35° to −70 °C.


This paper presents a unified theory for the universe which encompasses the dominant theories of physics. Our work is strictly based on the philosophy that the work of the universe is extremely simple in the fundamental level. We provide a minimal set of elements as the fundamental constituents of the universe, and demonstrate that all natural phenomena can be explained by a minimum number of laws governing these fundamental elements and their minimal set of properties.


The article is a biography of Nikolai Rosenthal, a professor of Leningrad and Odessa universities. The author focuses on previously unknown facts about N. Rosental's arrest in March 1935, and on the influence that it had on his fate.


The concern to improve the quality of life of people has been prioritized by
governments worldwide, based on this and taking into account that the measurements of
economic indicators do not reflect the reality of the progress of populations, the Social Progress
Imperative (SPI) developed the Social Progress Index (IPS), which measures this concept based
on three general dimensions: Basic Human Needs, Fundations of Wellbeing and Opportunity.
Each dimension contains four components and each component a series of indicators that gather
the necessary information to measure social progress.
Based on the methodology applied by the SPI, in this investigation, the IPS of the La
Union district belonging to the province and department of Piura has been prepared, for which a
non-experimental, descriptive transactional investigation has been carried out that mainly uses of
a questionnaire that contains 58 questions, but also makes use of official statistics of state
agencies, based on which statistical analysis and validation methods have been applied for the
measurements found and the indicator has been calculated.
Finally, based on the findings of the analysis, a series of recommendations have been
made regarding the strengths and weaknesses of the district, with the purpose that local
authorities can make better decisions regarding their local development plans, with The purpose
is to prioritize immediate actions to improve the welfare of the local population.


By using density-functional theory-based GW method, we studied the valley degree of freedom of Janus monolayer VSSe. The GW corrections lead to a doubling of the band gap and change the band dispersion considerably, indicating significant many-body effects. VSSe is confirmed to be ferromagnetic, which breaks the time-reversal symmetry and the odd parity of the Berry curvature in momentum space. The dissimilar magnitudes of Berry curvatures of the inequivalent valleys give rise to appreciable anomalous Hall conductivity (AHC). The calculated valley optical response of VSSe exhibits a clear valley-selective circular dichroism. The ferromagnetism induces large valley-Zeeman splitting, making it possible to realize the selective valley excitation even by unpolarized light. The Janus VSSe is more tunable by external fields because of symmetry breaking. Due to the relief of time-reversal symmetry, the valley-Zeeman splitting can be continuously tuned by varying the magnetization direction. The loss of mirror symmetry in VSSe enables a bidirection modulation of the band gap by changing the direction of electric field. The strain can linearly tune the valley gap in a considerable range. The Berry curvature and AHC can be effectively regulated in the external fields.


Constructive representations, such as Constructive Solid Geometry (CSG) and its various feature-based extensions are inherently parametric in nature and are well suited for defining parametric family of solids. On the other hand, cell complex representations contain explicit shape elements (cells) and also their topology. However they are non-constructive, difficult to parameterize, and it is extremely difficult to enforce continuity in the usual cell complex topology (considered as a sub-space of Euclidean space). When cell complexes are used in conjunction with constructive representations, even if we can enforce continuity in limited cases, it is impossible to relate cellular operations with global semantics of constructive operations (such as Boolean and feature operations).Using the framework developed in our earlier work for defining part families on any solid representation, we propose constructive topological representations by identifying every constructive representation with its corresponding unique spatial decomposition. By applying the proposed definitions to spatial CSG representations we will systematically develop algorithms for topologizing a CSG and also enforcing continuity between two given topologized CSG representations. These algorithms have been implemented in a prototype system about which we will briefly discuss. Finally, we will illustrate some interesting applications of the proposed constructive topological representations: specification of constructive families and the enforcement of global semantics of feature operations.


Relative vibrational populations of the metastable O2 A³Σu+ molecule were calculated from a statistical equilibrium model and compared with vibrational populations determined spectroscopically in an oxygen-argon afterglow at pressures of 5–120 torrs and with the nightglow populations obtained previously. The model assumes the three-body recombination process to be the principal excitation mechanism and vibrational relaxation to be the principal collisional deactivation mechanism. A close fit is obtained with both sets of data when the excited molecule is treated as an anharmonic oscillator during the relaxation process ; thus the peculiar distributions of band intensities observed in the Herzberg band spectra (A³Σu+ − X³Σg−) are the consequence of the strongly anharmonic character of the O2A³Σu+ molecule rather than of some other processes. Although the formulation provides for collisional quenching, the data are not as yet sufficiently complete to make a firm estimate.


This paper studies the problem of a single rumor source detection based on the susceptible-infected-susceptible (SIS) spreading model. Based on the rumor centrality proposed in the Susceptible-Infected (SI) model by Shah and Zaman, we propose a rumor centrality based algorithm, that leverages multiple observations to first construct a diffusion tree graph, and then use the union rumor centrality to find the rumor source. Our simulation results on different network structures shows that our proposed algorithm performs well. For tree networks, increasing the observations can dramatically improve the exact detection probability. This clearly indicates that a richer diversity enhances detect-ability.


The present invention is directed to a friction coefficient estimation method between the non-slip hip torque range, and the robot foot and the floor of the foot-type robot by a hip drive, more particularly, to an active (active) the actuator (actuator) it is installed on the hip joint, and the other knee joint (knee joint) and ankle joint (ankle joint) is passive (passive) SAT relational spring (torsional spring) robot of the hip torque of the mounting leg type robot (hip joint torque) threshold value and operating the actual robot and the floor that can leverage between the friction coefficient to provide a greater pulling force on the bridge-type robot, the present invention relates to a friction coefficient estimation method between the bridge-like robot according to the hip and the hip drive slip torque range, and the robot foot with the ground. Slip between the hip and the estimated friction coefficient torque range, and the robot foot with the ground the method of leg-type robot by a hip drive according to the present invention includes the steps of identifying whether a status of the bridge-like robot foot touches the ground and; Further comprising: if the bridge-like robot feet are touching the ground, measured using a height sensor is mounted on a hip portion h (t) and; Measuring a Calculating a leg length r (t) by the information on the height sensor and the angle sensor by calculating the following equation, and; (Wherein, L The method comprising using the h (t) measured on the calculated r (t) and a hip portion, calculates a sweep angle (α Then, the method comprising using the following formula, the sole calculation of the sweep angle, that is, touch-down angle in contact with the ground instant (t = 0) and; And identifying whether haetneun slippage in the sole of the foot touches the ground and the robot occurs; If the slip on the sole of the foot of the leg type robot occurs, and measuring a hip torque T and The step of using the measured torque T (Where, T is the torque value received The occurrence of slippage moment, the calculated value) The method comprising using the calculated friction coefficient, used in the following equation, reference candidate for the touch-down angle of the leg-type robot; That consisting of features. Slip hip estimated friction coefficient between the torque range and a robot foot with the ground the method of leg-type robot by a hip drive according to the invention, to calculate the coefficient of friction of all the bridge-type robot, regardless of the bridge configuration, the hip only actuator mounted number and, by increasing the pulling force by using a frictional coefficient calculated, it may be a flat high-speed traveling of the bridge-like robot.


Three approaches are suggested to verifty the Euler flow calcuations for aircraft configurations.The first proposed approach is to calculate the same flow problem on the same grid with different methods, which uses,Jameson's central\|difference finite volume method and Steger\|Warming's flux\|splitting finite volume method.The second one is to evaluate the effects of grid refinements by using Roache's Grid Convergence Index.And the third one is to calculate the same flow problem on grids with different topology.The computed results are validated by comparisons with authoritative and credible experimental data. [


We present here an introduction and a discussion of A.N. Prior's 'Sense and Sentences' in light of the context of publication in the journal National Education, written upon his return from Europe and while he was undergoing a crisis of faith. We argue that 'Sense and Sentences' is the article referred to by Kenny in his Obituary on Prior as an article written "on the relations between logic and grammar (with reference to Popper, Wisdom and Carnap)". Furthermore, we argue that Prior was working his way into philosophy, by demonstrating his familiarity with the work of key persons within analytic philosophy such as Rudolf Carnap, John Wisdom and Karl Popper. We also argue that Findlay's – and, thus, indirectly: Wittgenstein's – influence is also visible in this period where Prior was transitioning from being a religious journalist to the future philosopher he would turn out to become. In particular, we argue that, while Findlay's influence on the relationship between grammar and metaphysics would win the day with A.N. Prior, when he discovered tense-logic, it was not an evident feature of Prior's work on the relationship between logic and grammar in sense and sentences. We argue that Sense and Sentences is interesting because it seems to have expressed a stage in Prior's thinking on logic that he later came to modify, thereby distancing himself more from the anti-metaphysical tenets of analytic philosophy.


There are various proposed staging systems for HIV disease, but most rely on availability of CD4 counts. This paper, based on a cohort study of African


With the gradual extension of artificial intelligence applications in terminal equipment, intelligent terminals based on edge computing are also widely used in power systems. The new embedded terminal device with local decision function can process the collected raw data locally and only report the key information, which can reduces the requirement of network bandwidth, so makes the wireless transmission meet the needs of more business scenarios. In order to collect a large number of terminal data in time, traditional substations need high network bandwidth. The data can only be transmitted over wire. The data in new transformer substation with intelligent terminal can be aggregated by wireless transmission. But the data security of wireless networks such as IEEE802.11ah, LoRa , NBIoT and WiFi cannot be guaranteed. At the same time, with the needs of social development, data security has risen to the height of national security. In order to realize the "security and controllability" of information systems, China Cryptographic Administration has published a series of encryption and decryption algorithms such as SM2, SM3, SM4. In this paper, based on the IEEE802.11ah standard, we study the application of SM2, SM3 and SM4 in LAN of transformer substation, and mainly focus on the identity authentication, key distribution and data encryption and decryption. In view of the three different stages, the system scheme designs are proposed respectively, and then we analyze their security and the additional system overhead in detail. The research of the SM2, SM3 and SM4 algorithms in LAN of transformer substation will further promote the popularization and application of intelligent terminal in substaion, and this will also ehance the level of intelligence of substation.


Long-term potentiation (LTP) and long-term depression (LTD) are crucial for synaptic plasticity, and are driven by AMPA receptor (AMPAR) traffi cking. Recent fi ndings indicate that the ubiquitin–proteasome system, the main protein degradation machinery of the cell, plays a signifi cant role in memory formation by regulating the induction and maintenance of LTP. Although previously suggested as a possibility, deubiquitination of mammalian AMPARs had not been demonstrated, and the search for an enzyme that mediates the processes continued. This Editorial Highlight discusses the relevance of a study published in the current issue of Journal of Neurochemistry, in which the authors Huo and collaborators now identifi ed ubiquitin-specifi c peptidase 46 (USP46) as a specifi c AMPAR deubiquitinase.


Background: Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) impacts quality of life (QoL). Psychological factors influence the course of the disease and should be targeted for intervention. Methods: Our study was a prospective, randomised control trial. Fifty-six outpatients were randomly chosen and allocated to a treatment group or a waiting-list control group. Treatment group patients attended three relaxation-training sessions and received an audio disc for home practice. Evaluations performed pre and post-treatment: state anxiety was assessed with the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, QoL with the IBD Questionnaire. The Visual Analogue Scale assessed pain, depression, stress and mood. Patients completed a symptom monitoring diary. The control group's symptoms were monitored without study-related treatment. Results: Thirty-nine subjects completed the study and were included in the data analysis. Following the relaxation-training intervention, the treatment group's (n = 18) measured results showed a statistically significant improvement as compared to the control group (n = 21) (time by treatment interaction): anxiety levels decreased (p < 0.01), QoL and mood improved (p < 0.05), while levels of pain and stress decreased (p < 0.01). Conclusions: Findings indicate IBD patients may benefit from relaxation training in their holistic care. New studies as well as further investigation of the subject are warranted.


JEADV 2006, 20, 214–238 © 2005 European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology 235 7 Soubiran P, Benzaken S, Bellet C, Lacour JP, Ortonne JP. Vitiligo: peripheral T-cell subset imbalance as defined by monoclonal antibodies. Br J Dermatol 1985; 113: 124–127. 8 D'Amelio R, Frati C, Fattorossi A, Aiuti F. Peripheral T-cell subset imbalance in patients with vitiligo and in their apparently healthy first-degree relatives. Ann Allergy 1990; 65: 143–145.


Aim:  The aim of the present study was to evaluate the relationship between reported childhood trauma and dissociation in patients who have a conversion symptom.


Two simple, rapid and sensitive first derivative spectrophotometric methods were developed for the determination of zolpidem tartrate in pharmaceutical formulations in phosphate buffer pH 8.0 and borate buffer pH 9.0. Beer's law was obeyed in a concentration range of 1-30 μg/mL in phosphate buffer pH 8.0 and borate buffer pH 9.0 respectively with correlation coefficient of r 2 =0.999 in both the methods. The linear regression equations are found to be y=0.008x+0.001 and y = 0.0094x + 0.0033 in phosphate and borate buffer respectively. The %RSD for intra-day and inter-day precision studies were found to be 0.23 and 0.56 in phosphate buffer pH 8.0 and 0.63 and 0.68 in borate buffer pH 9.0 respectively which is less than 2.0 indicating that the methods are precise. The %RSD in accuracy studies was also found to be less than 2.0. The proposed methods are suitable for the determination of zolpidem tartrate in pharmaceutical formulations. No interferences were observed from the excipients in the formulations. The methods were validated according to ICH guidelines.


Stress induced during mechanical thinning of wafer to wafer bonding would make the wafer bend and distort,which would cause patterns to be twisted or displaced.The thinning induced stress and its effcet are investigated in the paper.


Complaints about the mass media are commonplace. To begin, there is the low quality of many of the programmes and articles. There is the regular portrayal of violence, given an attention out of proportion with its frequency in everyday life. More generally, most of the mass media give much more attention to bad news - crime, deaths, disasters, wars, etc. - than to positive sides of the human condition. The mass media frequently create unrealistic fears about criminals, foreign peoples and the like.


Investigation was made of selective extraction of rare earths from the acid leaching solution of spent nickel-metal hydride batteries by solvent extraction.A suitable extraction system was established. Study was made of the effects of the factors such as the initial pH value of raw material liquid,extraction temperature,mixing intensity,extraction time,extraction phase ratio on the extraction efficiency,as well as the effects of such factors as the stripping agent composition and concentration,and stripping phase ratio on the stripping efficiency.In addition,the extraction isotherm of rare earths was measured.Based on the research,pilot-plant experiment was conducted.The results show that the extraction rate of rare earths can reach 99.99%by five-stage countercurrent extraction.Through the precipitation of the mixed stripping solution with oxalic acid,the rare earths with a purity of 98.49%can be obtained and the contents of all the metallic impurities are less than 0.05%.The chosen extraction organic phase has a good selectivity for rare earths to ensure the separation of rare earths from other elements.


The condensation reaction rates of 7,9-dioxo-6,10-dioxaspiro[4.5]decane with aromatic aldehydes in chloroform in the presence of piperidine has been investigated spectrophotometrically at 25-50 °C. The reaction follows overall second order kinetics, first order in each of the reactants and zero order with respect to piperidine. The rate of condensation increases with the presence of electron withdrawing groups on the aromatic ring of the aldehyde. From the dependence of the rate constants on temperature, activation parameters have been calculated. Plot of ΔH # versus ΔS # for the reaction gave a good straight line with an isokinetic temperature of 367.55 K. Based on this reaction, determination often aromatic aldehydes in a concentration range of 2.65-69.2 μg/mL is proposed.


A year ago, a doctoral student in communications engineering came to see me and asked me for the solution to the following problem in the excellent book by Kleinrock (1975, Vol 1, p.80) on the theory and applications of queues: "Consider a Markov chain with states Eo, El. E2. ... and with transition probabilities (a) Is this chain irreducible? Periodic? Explain. (b) We wish to find ni = equilibrium probability of Ei. Write xi in terms of p-. and n. for j = 0.1.2 ,... ?1 (c) From (b) find an expression refating P(z) to PI1 + p(z-1)], where (d) Recursively (i.e. repeatedly) apply the result in (c) to itself and show that the nth recursion gives (e) From (d) find P(z) and then recognize xi."


nificantly different between the two groups. Logistic regression identified five items that would classify parents as refusing or accepting randomization with 82% accuracy. Four additional items increased accuracy of classification to 91 %. Items that were most significant in differentiating between early refusers and early acceptors primarily pertained to perceptions rather than knowledge, while responses from both groups suggested areas of misunderstanding about randomization. Parental perceptions included a sense of pressure and shortness of time to make the decision, as well as the difficulty and importance of the decision. These descriptive findings suggest that accepting or refusing early randomization is influenced by parents' perceptions about randomization. These perceptions may be closely tied to parents' decision-making style. Future research is needed to evaluate educational and supportive interventions related to parental decision-making about their child's participation in a clinical trial. Such interventions cannot be limited to efforts aimed only at improving parents' knowledge of randomization.


Objective — to study the efficacy of endovascular treatment of carotid-cavernous fistula (CCF), depending on the type of anastomosis.materials and methods. A total of 212 people were treated at the Scientific-practical center of endovascular neuroradiology from 2000 to 2012 were 152 men (71.7 %), women — 60 (28.3 %). The patients' age — from 13 to 72 years. Traumatic CCF were detected in 170 (80.2 %), spontaneous — in 42 (19.8 %) patients. The primary diagnosis was based on clinical manifestations, which was confirmed by the selective cerebral angiography. Turning off the CCF was performed using a variety of endovascular techniques (detachable balloon catheter, detachable coils (coils), thrombosing liquid compositions).results. Full CCF was achieved in 201 (94.8 %). Dynamics of regression of symptoms after occlusion of the fistula CCS depends on the severity of preoperative, completeness off anastomosis of blood flow, the degree of development of collateral cerebral circulation. Immediately after turning off the fistula still on the operating table, stop the noise in my head, decreased proptosis and congestion in the orbit. one-third of patients with ophthalmoplegia immediately appear insignificant movements of the eyeballs. In 174 (82.0 %) of patients within 1–2 weeks after surgery proptosis regressed completely, was an increase in the mobility of the eyeball, decreased visual impairment.conclusions. Despite the fact that in the majority of cases, can be recognized CCF based on clinical data, cerebral angiography is crucial for diagnosing and selecting the type of anastomosis surgery process. Endovascular intervention in the treatment of CCF are the most radical and effective. Best results are obtained using detachable balloon catheter.


Two cases of intermittent bundle-branch block in which Wenckebach periods could be directly visualized are reported. The conduction ratios were either 3:2 or 4:3, as are commonly seen in cases of the Wenckebach phenomenon of atrioventricular (A-V) conduction. Other groups of beats apparently showing 3:1 and 4:1 bundle-branch block were interpreted as indicating incompletely concealed Wenckebach periods in the bundle branches, with actual conduction ratios of 3:2 and 4:3, respectively.Three prerequisites are necessary for the occurrence of either direct or incompletely concealed Wenckebach periods in the bundle branches: (1) The opening beat should be normally conducted (in the affected bundle branch); (2) the second beat should be conducted with a delay of no more than 0.04 to 0.06 sec; (3) the damaged bundle branch should not be activated retrogradely in the closure beat.Wenckebach periods in the bundle branches may be completely concealed if the conduction delay lasts more than 0.04 to 0.06 sec in the opening beat. In cases of bilateral bundle-branch block, Wenckebach periods in the bundle branches may be indirectly visualized through changes in the A-V conduction.


Image restoration is the process of reconstructing or deblurring an image which has been degradations of various unwanted factors. In this paper, we propose a method for image restoration technique based on hybridization of PSO and GA. The main drawbacks in a digital image is the presence of noise and degradation during the camera shake, long exposure time, the movement of an object, and not focus the target. Image restoration is very important and necessary in digital image process avoiding the blur. We derive a blurring function, namely point spread function (PSF) which deblur the captured image by reversing the motion effect. It aims to incorporate the advantages of the two methods, where the PSO is effective in localizing the global region and the Genetic algorithm is effective in converging optimization and search problems. Image restoration is a technique which is used to make picture sharp and useful by using mathematical models.


Objective: To study the mechanism of maspin gene transcriptional regulation. Methods: Different deleted fragments of maspin promoter were amplified by PCR and subcloned into the pGL3-basic vector respectively. By transfection experiment,the luciferase activities driven by 6 different fragments in androgen-dependent prostate cancer cells LNCaP and androgen-refractory prostate cancer cells PC-3M were detected. In addition,AR expression vector was transfected into PC-3M cells to investigate the effect of androgen and its receptor on the activity of maspin promoter. Results: There was a negative element related to androgen receptor in the distal region of (-312~247bp) in maspin promoter,and a functional Sp1 element in proximal fragment of +14~95bp. Conclusion: The expression of maspin gene is regulated by androgen receptor and Sp1.


Nearly NS-trending Fe-Ti ore bodies intermittently occur in the Hadong anorthosites, south Korea, irrespective of the rock types of the anorthosites. In order to determine their occurrence mode and deformation history, we collected the features of occurrence and geological structures in the field, petrographic features using thin sections of the principal constituent rocks, and geochemical data of ilmenites in the ore body using electron probe microanalysis. Fe-Ti ore bodies examined in this study are divided into two types: dike- and lamina-types. It is steadily supported that the dike-type has intruded into the anorthositic rocks after their emplacement and solidification. And the laminar-type is probably a result of the mylonitization and transposition of the dike-type ore bodies parallel to the shear planes, due to later strong dextral ductile shearing. In the meantime, the Fe-Ti ore bodies have experienced the stronger dextral shearing in the more northern part of the study area, i.e. Cheongryong-ri, Wolhoeng-ri, Jonghwa-ri, and Jayangri and Baekun-ri in ascending order of its strength, together with the less content of . All ilmenites of the ore bodies have very similar chemical composition, as pure ilmenite of 52~55 wt.% in content, irrespective of the occurrence mode and degree of later ductile shearing of the ore bodies. And they didn't experience to exsolve into magnetite. The structural data indicate that the Hadong anorthosites have deformed by NNE-trending folding, intrusion of the Fe-Ti ore bodies, NNW~NNE-trending dextral ductile shearing, NW~NNW-trending sinistral semi-brittle shearing, and intrusion of NNE~NE-trending mafic dykes in descending order of chronology after the formation of foliation of the anorthositic rocks. The foliation is interpreted as a result of the accumulation of crystals that settle out from the magma by the action of gravity.


This article deals with the synthesis of new pyrazolo[4,3-d]isoxazol derivatives by utilizing 3,4-disubstituted isoxazol5(4H)-ones and thiosemicarbazide catalyzed by triethylamine in PEG-400 under MWI at 300 W as well as under thermal heating at 90°C. All the synthesized compounds have been characterized by various spectroscopic techniques such as H and C NMR, IR, ESI-MS and elemental analysis. All the synthesized compounds have been screened for antimicrobial, antimalarial and antituberculosis activities.


This paper examined the effects of National Fadama III programme on the scale and scope of beneficiaries farming activities in the study area. The objective of the study was to ascertain if the activities of the beneficiaries has increased in scope and scale. Two hundred randomly selected beneficiaries were used. Data were collected with the aid of structured interview schedule and analyzed by the use of frequency and percentages and mean statistics. Results revealed that beneficiaries scope of crop production increased by 12% for maize, 19.29% for cassava, 22.22% for yam, 60% for plantain and 231% for agro processing. Scope of livestock production also increased by 233% for goatry, 138% for fisheries, 280% for poultry, 175% for fish processing and a decrease of 27.27 for piggery. The scale of crop production also revealed an increase by 33.73% for cassava production, 35.27% for maize, 5.97% for yam and 16.67% for plantain. For Livestock production, the mean population of poultry rose by 165% for poultry, goatry by 187.5%, fisheries by 99% and piggery by 128%. The income of beneficiaries also rose by 58%. The study recommended that Federal government should sustain the Fadama programme even if the World Bank withdraws from the programme funding. Key words : Fadama III, Beneficiaries, Farm Scale and Scope,


Indian Health Services has developed a lot in the past few years, either in terms of number of hospitals, the facilities and services being offered, the technology being used or the human resource capacity of the hospital. But we find a marked difference between the private and public sector hospitals in terms of facilities available as well as quality of services delivered. The paper is an effort to study the Health Services of India , the problems it is undergoing and what has been the contribution of an effective PR Practice behind the successful functioning of the hospitals. The paper tries to make a deep study on the need for PR in hospitals and suggests certain model and instrument to be used extensively by the Indian Hospitals in its effort to provide qualitative health care services to the concerned public.


Thank you for reading what does the bible say about suicide. Maybe you have knowledge that, people have look hundreds times for their favorite readings like this what does the bible say about suicide, but end up in harmful downloads. Rather than reading a good book with a cup of tea in the afternoon, instead they juggled with some infectious virus inside their desktop computer. what does the bible say about suicide is available in our book collection an online access to it is set as public so you can get it instantly. Our books collection spans in multiple locations, allowing you to get the most less latency time to download any of our books like this one. Merely said, the what does the bible say about suicide is universally compatible with any devices to read.


Strained cages: UV-photoelectron spectroscopy studies of tetrakis(trimethylsilyl)tetrahedrane and its pentafluorophenyl derivative (see figure) demonstrate the effectiveness of the neutral hyperconjugation in the latter, which was initially proposed on the basis of electronic spectra and computational data.


A week before eight scientists were sealed into Biosphere 2, the 3.15-acre glass-enclosed terrarium north of Tucson, AZ, in September 1991, the press was invited inside for a farewell peek at the "human habitat." Knowing that Biospherian Jane Poynter was about to be locked inside for a two-year "voyage," one travel writer jokingly asked, "What are you doing next week?" Poynter's reply was a broad smile. Biosphere 2's relations with the rest of the news media have been less friendly. For most of 1991 and 1992 the press seemed to delight in slamming the $150-million scientific experiment and tourist attraction. LIFE magazine called it "weird science." The Tucson Citizen asked, "Is it science?" And the TV networks aired unflattering reports on Space Biospheres Ventures (SBV), the company that built and manages the research complex. Before the "closure," The New York Times, Discover magazine and other news organizations had focused their reports on the scientific nature of the project. But the tone of the press coverage began to sour in April 1991 after an article by Marc Cooper appeared in The Village Voice, a New York City weekly. Cooper argued that Biosphere 2 was not run by scientists, but rather by members of a strange "cult." The private experiment started with much hoopla. SBV publicized it as a "utopian planet-in-a-bottle where everything would be recycled for two years," according to The New York Times. It was billed as the "first large self-contained habitat for humans, as cut off from the planet as a spaceship," the Times reported. But the bad press following Cooper's article hurt the project's credibility. By February 1992, Margaret Augustine, CEO of SBV, and the Scientific Advisory Committee knew something had to be done to improve the project's reputation. They agreed to hire a director of public affairs. They chose Christopher Helms, a former news director at the NBC affiliate in Tucson, who for the past 14 years had worked as public affairs officer at the Arizona-Senora Desert Museum. "I walked into a very angry media," Helms recalled. The veteran newsman and publicist quickly established a plan to improve press relations. He stressed to SBV executives that reticence, an attitude easily perceived as secrecy, must be replaced by openness. One reporter, commenting on SBV's attitude before Helms arrived, said: "The air of secrecy around Biosphere 2 hurt their credibility." Aware of that criticism, Helms met with the local beat reporters. "I made a covenant of honesty with them," he said. "I wanted them to know that I was available, that I would get answers for them, and that I would not be hiding anything. …


Gentlemen, Having been informed, that in the Botanic garden at Cambridge, there had been produced, by the ingenuity and care of Mr. Charles Miller, the gardener there, from one grain of wheat only, in little more than a year, a much more considerable quantity of grain, than was ever attempted, or even conjectured to be possible; I have desired him to send me a particular account thereof, in order to its being communicated to you; and, if the Council should think proper, of its being recorded in the Philosophical Transactions, as I think it highly deserves.


The use of electrotherapeutics to improve filling and emptying dysfunction of the adult bladder has been well established, however the practice in children is less well known. The purpose of this review is to summarize the rationale behind the use of electro neuromodulation in children, examine the reported efficacy of the intervention for different presentations of dysfunction, and establish the current limitations to knowledge and practice.


Objective To study the protective effect of housefly maggot chitosan(HMC) on the damage of brain microvascular endotheliocyte induced by H2O2 in vitro.Methods Normal cells,damaged cells induced by H2O2 were cultured in modified minimal essential medium(DMEM),together with different doses of HMC.The survival rates of the cells were tested with 3-(4,5 dimethythiazol-2-yl)-2,5 diphenyl-tetrazolium bromide(MTT)assay.Vasoactive substance contents such as nitric oxide(NO) and endothelin(ET)in cell culture fluid were tested with biochemistry and radioimmunity method.In addition,superoxide dismutase(SOD) and malonodialdehyde(MDA) contents in culture fluid of H2O2 damaged cells were detected with biochemistry method.Results In MTT experiment,A values for cell survival rate of moderate and high dose HMC+hydrogen peroxide groups were 0.714 0±0.059 5 and 0.811 9±0.059 7,which were higher than that of hydrogen peroxide treated groups(P0.01).In all HMC+hydrogen peroxide groups,SOD levels were 14.76±1.59,16.99±1.69,and 19.22±2.31NU/mL,respectively,which were higher than those of hydrogen peroxide treated groups(P0.05,P0.01).In all HMC+hydrogen peroxide groups,MDA levels were 10.11±1.91,8.23±1.64,and 6.74±1.26 nmol/L,respectively,which were lower than that of hydrogen peroxide treated groups(P0.01).NO levels were higher(P0.05,P0.01)and ET contents were lower(P0.01) than those of H2O2 treated group(P0.01).Conclusion HMC could protect vascular endothelial cell and could elevate cell survival rate,promote the releasing of NO from damaged cell induced by H2O2,restrain the releasing of ET,preserve the structural and functional integrity of the cell.HMC could activate SOD,enhance its anti-oxidation effect.


ABSTRACT In today's business world, providing reliable customer service is equally important as delivering better products for maintaining a sustainable business model. As providing customer service requires human resource and money, businesses are often shifting towards artificial intelligence system for necessary customer interaction. However, these traditional chatbot architectures depend heavily on natural language processing (NLP), it is not feasible to implement for the languages with little to no prior NLP backbone. In this work, we propose a semi-supervised artificially intelligent chatbot framework that can automate parts of primary interaction and customer service. The primary focus of this work is to build a chatbot which can generate contextualized responses in any language without depending much on rich NLP background and a vast number of a prior data set. This system is designed in such a way that with a dictionary of a language and regular customer interaction dataset, it can provide customer services for any business in any language. This architecture has been used to build a customer service bot for an electric shop, and different analysis has been done to evaluate the performance of individual components of the framework to show its competence to provide reliable response generation in comparison with other approaches.


Background: Before the introduction of combination antiretroviral therapy (CAR T), neurological disease correlated with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) levels of hum an immunodeficiency virus (HIV) RNA. Objective: To investigate the relationships among HIV RNA levels, immune activation markers, and neurological status in pat ients receiving CART. Design: Multicenter cohort study. Setting: Academic neurol ogy departments. Patients: A total of 371 patients unselected for neurological c omplaints and with CD4 cell counts less than 200/μL or with cognitive symptoms and CD4 cell counts less than 300/μL were enrolled into the Northeastern AIDS D ementia cohort in 1998-2002. Diagnoses of HIV associated dementia (HIV D) and minor cognitive motor disorder (MCMD) were obtained with a computerized algori thm. Plasma and CSF levels of HIV RNA, monocyte chemotactic protein 1, macrophag e colony stimulat ing factor, and tumor necrosis factor αwere quantified. Res ults: The mean±SD age was 41.5±7.2 years, and the mean±SD educational level w as 12.3±2.2 years. Seventy percent of the cohort was black, and 30%were women. The mean±SD CD4 cell count was 136.8±87.9/μL, and CART was used in 71%. Twe nty nine percent of the patients were unimpaired (n=106) , 36%had MCMD (n= 13 3), and 35%had HIV D (n=128). Mean log10 CSF HIV RNA copies per milliliter was 2.6±0.8, with no differences among the neurological groups, even after adjustm ents for baseline CD4 cell counts and antiretroviral therapy. Cerebrospinal flui d HIV RNA was undetectable in 47%of unimpaired, 46%of MCMD, and 43%of HIV D patients (P=.91). Plasma levels of monocyte chemotactic protein type 1 and tumor necrosis factor αcorrelated weakly with HIV RNA levels but did not distinguish those with neurological deficits. Conclusions: In contrast to observations in i ndividuals not treated with CART, we found no relationship between CSF markers a nd neurological status in this CART using cohort with advanced HIV/AIDS. This w as not explicable by demographic differences or plasma virological control. CART may substantially attenuate the degree of central nervous system HIV infection a nd immune activation, and in CART users, CSF HIV RNA and immune activation marke rs may fail to discriminate milder degrees of HIV D and MCMD.


This paper provides a lifecycle analysis of the
use of prognostic systems in future or present
aircraft. By simulating aircraft operation and
maintenance and modeling resulting costs and
revenues it gives a profound economic
assessment of a technology implementation. The
proposed method uses component specific
failure distribution functions derived from inservice
data to model component failure
behavior and includes performance levels of
prognostic systems to account for imperfect
sensor systems or prognostic algorithms.
The study demonstrates that Prognostics and
Health Management (PHM) systems for a
selected aircraft system can enable a significant
reduction of unscheduled events, leading to
additional aircraft utilization and an increase in
net present value (NPV) of up to 0.48 % in case
of a perfect PHM system. It is shown that many
factors influence whether the implementation of
PHM for a specific system may be beneficial in
the end.


The purpose of the article is to present one of the first Ukrainian academic quantitative empirical studies, which combines the evaluation of Ukrainian businesses by involved persons with the analysis of absolute indicators. The research is based on a continuous project of surveying Ukrainian enterprises by the students of Department of Finance of the National University of Kyiv-Mohyla Academy. The questionnaire and some descriptive statistics were stated as of September 2019. Data on the organization and automation of accounting were given for two periods: 2010-2013 and 2014-2019. Changes in financial reporting, accounting organization and automation that have occurred in recent years were analysed. The availability of quantitative data has made it possible to estimate the real dynamics of accounting and financial processes in terms of: transition to reporting in accordance with IFRS; staffing; regulatory legal support; accounting automation, etc. In particular, the hypothesis about a significant increase of the share of the IFRS reporting entities has been confirmed. It was demonstrated, that the mass introduction (or renaming) of departments of management accounting at Ukrainian enterprises according to the American model has not happened. The number of enterprises which include the Chart of Accounts into the Order on Accounting Policies increased significantly. Accounting automation in Ukrainian enterprises has reached almost a hundred percent coverage and the use of unlicensed software has significantly decreased. In general, quantitative studies are of considerable practical importance, because they provide summarised information on different areas of grouping and allow structuring the trends of accounting and financial performance of enterprises, even without using complex methods of mathematical statistics.


This article relies on an ethnographic study of formal and informal chains of mediation triggered by administrative procedures that Palestinians from the West Bank and Gaza have to follow in order to obtain a permit of entry into Israel. By studying the networks these interactions structure it attempts to apprehend the spatial dimensions of the Israeli permit regime beyond national and territorial frameworks. Drawing on Henri Lefebvre's (2000) concept of production of space, this study does not reduces spaces to the shapes of territory but apprehend them through the dynamic articulations of people's streams of actions. This shift provides two advantages. First, it helps scrutinizing the dissemination of power and mechanisms of domination between Israelis and Palestinians much beyond ethno-national hierarchies. Second, it shows that the spatial effects of Israeli control mechanisms do not only manifest themselves through the territorial confinement of Palestinians but also through the viscous texture they impose on Palestinian spatial practices compared to fluid Israeli ones. In that perspective, the Israeli permit regime shows some similarities to bordering technologies of global and postcolonial capitalism.


Roland Emmerich's Anonymous(2011) questions whether Shakespeare wrote the works attributed to him, and proposes Edward de Vere, 17th Earl of Oxford as the real author. Emmerich's film is in line with the Oxfordian theory that was first advanced by J. Thomas Looney in his "Shakespeare" Identified in Edward de Vere, the Seventeenth Earl of Oxford" in 1920. It is representative of the current tendency in which the question of Shakespeare authorship has been to the fore. Emmerich characterizes his film as an historical thriller whose story tells how Shakespeare came not to be the author of his plays in conjunction with who would succeed Queen Elizabeth and what was the cause of the Essex Rebellion. This paper discusses this historical thriller in terms of how Shakespeare became an author of those plays he did not write, and why the Earl of Oxford gave up on his legitimate claim to be an author. The discussion observes that it deconstructs the authenticity of Shakespeare authorship by a means of a 'play within a film' structure, and that this structure places an emphasis on the relationship between Ben Jonson and the publication of the First Folio in 1623, and on the true intention of Jonson's words "Soule of the Age." Then this paper concludes that an account of the authorship question displayed in Anonymous should be seen as one Shakespearean theory among others which have reinforced a legacy of his authority.


An all-optical 2-to-4 decoder unit with the assist of terahertz optical asymmetric demultiplexer (TOAD) is presented. The all-optical 2-to-4 decoder with a set of all-optical switches is designed which can be used to achieve a high-speed central processor unit using optical hardware. The unique output lines can be used for all-optical header processing. We attempt to develop an integrated all-optical circuit which can perform decoding of signal. This scheme is very simple and flexible for performing different logic operation and to design advanced complex logic. Simulated results are confirming the described methods.


Objective:To identify the prevalence,clinical features and treatment strategy of detrusor underactivity(DU)among people with lower urinary tract symptoms(LUTS).Method:The clinical data of 1 019 patients who had undergone a urodynamic study for LUTS without neurological or anatomical conditions at Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital was retrospectively analyzed.We discussed the prevalence and clinical characters of DU in people with LUTS.A urodynamic study was taken among 106 patients with DU before and after treatment,and clinical analysis was performed in combination with the relevant literature.Result:Storage symptoms were more prevalent than voiding or post-micturition symptoms in all patients.Of the male patients,voiding symptoms were more prevalent than storage symptoms.Of the female patients,storage symptoms were commoner than voiding symptoms.Bladder outlet obstruction(BOO)was diagnosed in 57.9% of men,and stress urinary incontinence(SUI)was diagnosed in 43.3% of women.The diagnoses of DU were confirmed in 27.4% of men and 23.2% of women.There was no statistical difference between the prevalence of men and women.Types of clinical symptoms showed no significant differences between patients with and without DU.Their main symptoms were LUTS.Patients with DU may suffer from detrusor overactivity or bladder outlet obstruction simultaneously.The prevalence of DU increased with age.Urodynamic test showed that the detrusor contractility increased after treatment in 106 patients.The statistical discrepancy of detrusor contractility before and after the treatment was significant.Conclusion:DU was a common mechanism in patients with LUTS.The patients with DU may also experience overactive bladder(OAB)or BOO.The treatment was efficacious for patients with DU.


In a nonequilibrium system, quasiparticles are defined, consistently with the construction of quantum transport equations, as one-electron excitations whose propagator possesses a time-local optical potential. This potential is constructed as a solution of the phase equation, a self-consistency condition reducing the renormalized Dyson equation to a formerly proposed multiplicative composition rule for the propagators. The Dyson equation for the particle correlation function is transformed to a renormalized quasiparticle reconstruction equation, whose leading term represents the quasiparticle Kadanoff-Baym ansatz Physica E 29, 196 2005 , an improvement over the standard generalized Kadanoff-Baym ansatz.


Semiconductor device formed by a first conductive strip of semiconductor material; a control gate region of semiconductor material, facing a channel portion of the first conductive strip, and an insulation region arranged between the first conductive strip and the control gate region. The first conductive strip includes a conduction line having a first conductivity type and a control line having a second conductivity type, arranged adjacent and in electrical contact with each other, and the conduction line forms the channel portion, a first conduction portion and a second conduction portion arranged on opposite sides of the channel portion.


Foodborne diseases are a significant cause of illness in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Food vendors in traditional markets shoulder a heavy responsibility to keep food safe in often challenging conditions. Their ability to ensure food is safe are shaped by their knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP). Most research on food vendors in LMICs has focused on vendors of ready-to-eat street foods and not on vendors of fresh food commodities. A scoping review was undertaken to synthesize existing research on food safety KAP of vendors of food commodities in LMICs. PubMed, Google Scholar, and Ovid Medline, and institutional websites of major research organizations were searched. Over 17,483 titles were screened, and 84 relevant studies were identified. Of these, most were conducted after 2014 and focused on urban and peri-urban Africa. Most used a cross-sectional design with mixed methods and most had small sample sizes. Common food value chains studied were dairy, meat, and fruits and vegetables. Very few studies examined more than one type of commodity or value chain. Food vendors' knowledge typically ranged from none to little, which was also evident from poor observed food handling and storage practices and vendors operating in unsafe and unhygienic conditions. Poor compliance with existing food safety policies, laws, and regulations was evident in some cases; this was primarily due to either limited awareness of existing laws or limited knowledge of how to implement them. However, vendors generally had positive attitudes towards food safety. No significant gaps were found between food safety knowledge and actual practices-though this was not always examined rigorously. Gaps between food safety knowledge and practices, were not found to vary with the vendor's age, gender, type of product sold, or geography. Local government staff were identified as key enabling actors, interacting with food market vendors to foster improved food safety practices.


Nearly 100 years after it opened its doors, Haigh's Chocolates continues to flourish. Amy Birchall spoke to CEO Alister Haigh.


To assure that the objectives of the regulations are reachable, and cost effective as well as legally valid, EPA has sought out, is listening to, and working with water-supply professionals as well as representatives of state and local government and consumer interest groups. Not only is this approach consistent with statu tory, legislative, and administrative intent, it is essential if EPA is to implement the numerous statutory dates and begin to approach the goal safe drinking water for all Americans. Specifically, the Act directs that EPA shall counsel with and develop a comprehensive series of regulations to be implemented at the state and local level. The principal programs, which are now under way, include


ABSTRACT In this paper I consider whether forest schools provide a space where we could rethink pedagogy in the Anthropocene. I explore the challenges and possibilities of thinking beyond the business-as-usual of human-centric pedagogies drawing upon an ethnographic study of two forest schools, located in the West Midlands of England conducted in 2014–2015. I take a more-than-social approach, which moves beyond narrow essentialist constructions of nature and childhood. I use both Barad's theory of agential realism, to explore children's lively intra-actions with more-than-humans at forest school, and Haraway's concept of worlding, to examine collective world making and remarking. Through this conceptual framing I explore whether forest schools are or could become a space for more-than-social pedagogies in which children might imagine and care for other worlds. If so, how might this kind of other-world imagining and caring gesture towards an alternative pedagogical response to the Anthropocene?


The Society for the Bibliography of Natural History began its publishing activity in 1936 by devoting the first part of its Journal (i.e. Volume 1: 1-30; October 1936) to a list of references to sources of information on the dates of issue of natural history works. This was compiled by F. J. Griffin, C. Davies Sherborn and H. S. Marshall. The utility of the catalogue to both zoological and botanical taxonomists concerned with problems of nomenclature and of citation in precise chronological sequence led to the issue of the first supplement in Volume 2, Part 1 (pp. 1-17; 1943), by F. J. Griffin, and of the second supplement in Volume 3, Part 1 (pp. 5-12; 1953), by W. T. Stearn and A. C. Townsend. The third supplement, by G. H. Goodwin, appeared in Volume 3, Part 4 (pp. 165174; 1957). It is proposed to issue the fifth supplement in Volume 5, Part 1. The Society would be grateful for copies of papers on dates of publication, or full bibliographic references to such papers, for inclusion in future supplements. They should be sent to the Librarian, British Museum (Natural History), Cromwell Road, London, S.W.7, and marked " for J. Soc. Bibl. Nat. Hist." Bibliographical information is so widely scattered, and may occur in places so little expected, that systematic search for data relating to a particular problem can lead to much loss of time and small success; it is all too easy to overlook relevant material. Much information on botanical works is to be found in the periodicals Taxon (Utrecht) and Flora Malesiana Bulletin (Leyden) and the independent works Great Flower Books, 1700-1900 (London 1956), by S. Sitwell and W. Blunt, with a bibliography (pp. 47-85) compiled by Sabine Wilson under the direction of W. T. Stearn, who is responsible for most of the annotations, and Dates of Publications describing Musci, 1801-1821 (Troy, N.Y., U.S.A., 1959), by G. Sayre; it should be noted that many of the publications describing bryophytes that have been elucidated by Miss Sayre also describe other plants.


PURPOSE: Provided is a posture control device in a working vehicle which increases a posture change while reducing the movement operation of a main body against the ground part of a moving device and satisfactorily conducts rolling control and pitching control without complicating a control structure. CONSTITUTION: The posture control device in a working vehicle comprises four driving means which changes and adjusting the height against the ground part of the moving device at the left front part, left rear part, right front part, and right rear part of the main body(V). The left front and left rear driving means(C2, C3) or the right front and right rear driving means(C4, C5) are concurrently driven by the same quantity to conduct rolling control. The left front and right front driving means(C2, C4) or the left rear and right rear driving means(C3, C5) are concurrently driven by the same workload to conduct pitching control. One of the rolling control and the pitching control is conducted preferentially to the other, then the other control is conducted.


The article aims to identify the dependence of military expenditures and selected economic determinants on the example of the V4 countries in the years 1999-2020. The following are selected as economic determinants: the size of the gross domestic product, the rate of inflation, the debt and deficit of the government sector and unemployment. Correlation analysis proved the expected relationship between the gross domestic product and the military expenditure of Hungary and especially Poland. The relationship between military spending and unemployment was confirmed for Poland, Hungary and Slovakia, the expected relationship between military spending and government debt for the Czech Republic. The linear regression model confirmed the positive effect of the gross domestic product on military expenditure in the case of Poland, the effect of the increase in military expenditure due to rising inflation in Hungary and the negative effect of increasing state indebtedness in the case of the Czech Republic. At the same time, the results did not confirm the uniformity of the factors affecting the size of the military factors in the analyzed V4 countries.


Previous studies have demonstrated that mutations of the Drosophila planar cell polarity gene prickle (pk) result in altered microtubule-mediated vesicular transport in larval motor axons, as well as adult neuronal circuit hyperexcitability and epileptic behavior. It is also known that mutant alleles of the prickle-prickle (pkpk) and prickle-spiny-legs (pksple) isoforms differ in phenotype but display isoform counterbalancing effects in heteroallelic pkpk/pksple flies to ameliorate adult motor circuit and behavioral hyperexcitability. We have further investigated the larval neuromuscular junction (NMJ) and uncovered robust phenotypes in both pkpk and pksple alleles (heretofore referred to as pk and sple alleles, respectively), including synaptic terminal overgrowth, as well as irregular motor axon terminal excitability, poor vesicle release synchronicity, and altered efficacy of synaptic transmission. We observed significant increase in whole-cell excitatory junctional potential (EJP) in pk homozygotes, which was restored to near WT level in pk/sple heterozygotes. We further examined motor terminal excitability sustained by presynaptic Ca2+ channels, under the condition of pharmacological blockade of Na+ and K+ channel function. Such manipulation revealed extreme Ca2+ channel-dependent nerve terminal excitability in both pk and sple mutants. However, when combined in pk/sple heterozygotes, such terminal hyper-excitability was restored to nearly normal. Focal recording from individual synaptic boutons revealed asynchronous vesicle release in both pk and sple homozygotes, which nevertheless persisted in pk/sple heterozygotes without indications of isoform counter-balancing effects. Similarly, the overgrowth at NMJs was not compensated in pk/sple heterozygotes, exhibiting an extremity comparable to that in pk and sple homozygotes. Our observations uncovered differential roles of the pk and sple isoforms and their distinct interactions in the various structural and functional aspects of the larval NMJ and adult neural circuits.


A little over a decade now, there have been sweeping procurement reforms in most developing countries. The orchestrators of these reforms – mostly the World Bank and other international financial institutions, have cited financial mismanagement and the lack of transparency in public financial management as reasons for the reforms. In this paper, the authors examine current procurement reforms in Africa from the Ghanaian context and the alignment of these reforms to service-dominant (S-D) logic. S-D logic is seen as a progressive business concept capable of adding value by transforming business practices. Our findings indicate that current procurement reforms in Africa operate under the adversarial approach. Issues of resource integration and networking, collaboration, use of technology in procurement, relationship building and management among actors in business engagements are inimical to current procurement reforms in Ghana. This paper, thus, rekindles the debate on whether management principles in the west can directly be imported and applied in emerging economies.


Objective: To investigate anti-dyslipidemic effects of hydroalcoholic fenugreek seed extracts, diosgenin, and 4-OH-Ile on HepG2 cell line. Methods: HepG2 cells were treated with hydroalcoholic fenugreek seed extracts, diosgenin, 4-OH-Ile, and orlistat. IC20 was calculated using the MTT method. The cells were then pre-treated with IC20 concentrations for 24 and 48 h. Real time PCR was employed to measure expression of liver X receptor alpha (LXR α ), sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1C (SREBP-1C), acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC), fatty acid synthase (FAS), fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR γ ), and low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR). Results: The results showed that LXR α (P=0.003, P<0.001), SREBP-1C (P<0.001, P<0.001), ACC (P=0.002, P=0.006), and FAS (P<0.001, P<0.001) were downregulated significantly, while FGF21 (P<0.001, P<0.001), PPAR 7 (P=0.004, P<0.001), and LDLR (P<0.001, P<0.001) were upregulated significantly in HepG2 cells treated with the IC20 of hydroalcoholic fenugreek seed extracts, diosgenin, 4-OH-Ile, and orlistat in 24 and 48 h, respectively. Conclusions: Hydroalcoholic fenugreek seed extracts, diosgenin, and 4-OH-Ile significantly modulate the expression of some important lipid metabolism related genes, which is similar to orlistat. Trigonella foenum-graecum seed extract or its derivatives should be further investigated for their dyslipidemia effects and its complications.


A novel forksheet (FSH) FET architecture has been proposed earlier, consisting of vertically stacked n- and p-type sheets at opposing sides of a dielectric wall, particularly beneficial for logic cell track height scaling. In this paper, we evaluate the reliability concerns of FSH FETs by experimental comparison with nanosheets (NSH) FETs co-integrated on a single wafer. We report no supplementary charge trapping phenomena being observed notwithstanding the presence of a SiN wall in the FSH architecture. After accounting for processing imperfections (a high-resistive contact to one of both channels) in the FSH device, we conclude that both bias temperature instabilities (BTI) and hot carrier degradation (HCD) reliability are comparable in FSH and NSH. Joint with theoretical calculations of expected horizontal electric fields and worst-case charge trap densities in the SiN dielectric wall in CMOS implementation, we conclude that introducing the FSH architecture does not constitute additional reliability concerns.


In May 2011 we noticed high number of Podagrica fuscicornis adults on the leaves of common marshmallow (Althaea officinalis) grown on Laboratory Field of Biotechnical Faculty in Ljubljana. In Slovenia, this beetle was already recorded earlier but it did not caused any damage on common marshmallow (Althaea officinalis). Due to the feeding of beetles on leaves, 1 to 2 mm large holes appear. By expecting climate changes, already known bionomics of some related species and giving more emphasis on herb production in the future, Chrysomelid P. fuscicornis might represent medium sized biological factor in producing common marshmallow.


Abstract Eucalyptus globulus Labill. is a short-fibre resource for pulp and paper production. Ten different E. globulus genotypes with varied pulpwood quality and chemical composition were evaluated under kraft pulping conditions. Characterisation of the wood and pulp samples by thioacidolysis indicated that the content of syringyl units in β-O-4 linkages (S-β-O-4) was distinct for the studied genotypes. The highest S-β-O-4 levels were detected in the samples with the lowest original lignin and highest glucan levels. This group of samples provided the pulps with the lowest final lignin content at higher yields. UV microspectrophotometric (UMSP) evaluation of the wood chips revealed that the samples with the lowest lignin levels have the lowest UV absorbances at 278 nm (A278 nm) in the secondary walls (S2). During kraft pulping, lignin from the S2 was dissolved, whereas lignins from the middle lamella and cell corner lignin was not removed not even for prolonged reaction periods, independently of the evaluated genotype. The A278 nm values of the S2 were significantly lower in the pulps from the genotypes with less original lignin content.


Drone On considers artistic and scholarly responses to the evolution of drones from military machines to consumer toys. The author traces the changing meaning of the term "drone" by implementing the metaphor of "domestication" while discussing the artworks and essays from the 2015, Art2Drone exhibition and catalog, curated by the collective, v1b3. This essay is focused on works which critically address drones; consequently, the works discussed represent diverse forms including tactical media performance, image interventions, objects made from data generated by military drones and works which use functioning drones. these "live fire" missions through the use of image translation and 3D printing. His source images are from smuggled photographs of air to surface Hellfire missile strike fragments. These images are translated into 3-dimensional forms and made into sculptures that act as evidentiary totems of these often secret events.


In this paper, we verify the complementedness in the subgroup lattice of the group of 3× 3 matrices over Z3.


OpenCV can be used to detect picture modes with good effect. Here this paper will focus on detecting the palm. and the key step for palm detecting is to train a classifier. Therefore, the main content of the article is to train a classifier and test the classifier. before training a classifier, it is necessary to get a lot of samples and them handle them. after training, there will be some experiments to study the factor which will affect on the detection time. Then, go to the source code of OpenCV, and find the relationship finally. at last, a good classifier is proposed.


Obesity is a medical condition arises as a result of an imbalance between lipolysis and lipogenesis which leads to accumulation of excess fat. Obesity is linked with major health complications such as diabetes, cardiac disorder, cancer, hypertension, sleep apnoea, etc. Weight loss through medication and healthy food balance can prevent obesity and associated disorders. Though, diet based therapy and drugs have short term effect with lacunae. At present, no reliable and established oral supplements are available to take care of obesity. Nanotechnology is a briskly emerging area of science and technology for food modulation at molecular and atomic level. The unique size and superior properties of nanomaterial have huge application in biology and medicine for food and drug development. Nanotechnology is playing an important role in the food industry for unindustrialized improved food, uptake, absorption, and bioavailability of nutrients to the body. Balanced or better-modified nutrients food, restricted calorie measures and commercial availability is geared through Nanoscience for control of obesity. Nanoparticle Targeted drug therapy, particularly for adipose tissue, may provide a new generation formulation for therapeutics of obesity.


This paper proposes a Q-band single-ended LNA fabricated in 40-nm CMOS technology, where two-stage cascode topology and inductive source degeneration technique are employed. The proposed LNA has achieved a lowest NF of 4.3 dB, and a maximum power gain of 24.2 dB with a 3-dB bandwidth of 11 GHz, consuming 17.85 mW dc power from a 1.5 V supply.


ELIZABETH TAT LECTURES IN THE Department of Industrial and Social Studies, Napier Polytechnic of Edinburgh, Scotland. The decision- making process used by small business owner-managers, which shape and determine their perceptions of the importance of and need for formal management education, have been a neglected area of research. This paper discussed the use of a decision-making process model for researching and analysing those perceptions and processes. A framework representing the decision-making process as a series of stages is outlined and the stage of identification of needs which may give rise to the perception of management education needs is shown as an integral part. Some theoretical considerations concerning the use of this framework in investigating perceived management education needs are addressed. Linkages with various other stages of the decision- making process are examined for possible influences on the needs identification stage. The extent to which the use of such a framework can help pinpoint important relationships between perceptions of management education needs and situational, business and personal factors is also explored. The paper is based on empirical work forming part of a continuing research project on the management education needs of small business owners and draws upon data derived from a postal questionnaire survey of 370 firms and from follow-up interviews with a sub-sample of 41 owner- managers. The use of the framework to guide analysis of perceived management education needs is illustrated with examples from a sub-sample of the substantial number of survey respondents who perceived no need for formal management education.


This narrative, single-case study examines how liaison librarians at the University of Minnesota (UMN) came to include advocating for reform of the scholarly communication system among their core responsibilities. While other libraries may hire a coordinator or rely on a committee to undertake outreach programs, UMN has defined baseline expertise in scholarly communication for all librarians who serve as liaisons to disciplinary faculty members. By "mainstreaming" scholarly communication duties, UMN is declaring these issues central to the profession. 1 This intrinsic study uses evidence gathered from open-ended interviews with three participants, supplemented by documentation. It explores the context of these changes, systems thinking, and new mental models.


The controversial Mathews proposals on inflation and business taxation have been, in part, adopted by the Fraser Government. These proposals are based on the concept of (physical) capacity maintenance which the Report concludes is essential for business survival. It is shown that this conclusion is incorrect and arises only because an irrational pricing policy is assumed. Moreover, the recommendations measure, up rather poorly against conventional criteria such as equity and efficiency. Reform of both company and personal taxation is proposed so as to ensure that only real-income and real-interest receipts are taxed. These new proposals are robust when confronted with the usual criteria.