AbstractWet granulation using a high-speed mixer was studied with hydroxypropyl-methylcellulose (HPMC) as a rate-controlling polymer and aspirin as a model drug. i) High and low HPMC viscosity both produce granulations with high density; high HPMC content gives small density. ii) At low levels, HPMC viscosity and HPMC content contribute separately and negatively to geometric median diameter; at high levels, the synergistic interaction of these two factors contributes most. iii) At very high viscosity range, the yield does not change as HPMC content increases; at other ranges of HPMC viscosity, yield decreases as HPMC content increases. At any HPMC content level, an HPMC viscosity region gives maximum yield. (iv) Using the optimization statistics methodology, an optimal region of HPMC content and HPMC viscosity was found. Within this region, expected granulations will be produced.


The user profile has been considered, in the literature, as the most important contextual element which can improve the accuracy of the search. It is integrated into the process of information retrieval in order to improve the user experience while searching for specific information. In addition, as time factor has gained increasing importance in recent years, the temporal dynamics are introduced to study the user profile evolution that consists mainly of capturing the changes of the user behavior, interests and preferences, and updating the profile accordingly. We propose, in this paper, a generic time-sensitive user profile that is implicitly constructed as a vector of weighted terms in order to find a trade-off by unifying both current and recurrent interests. The popularity of Social Media makes it as an invaluable source of data used by users to express, share and mark as favorite the content that interests them... For this reason, we modeled the user profile according to a set of data collected from Twitter, i.e a social networking and microblogging service. Then, we apply our re-ranking process to a Web search system in order to adapt the user's online interests to the original retrieved results. The results of the experiments proved the significance of adding a temporal feature by comparing our method with baselines models that do not consider the user profile dynamics.


A commonly-cited statistic is that 500,000 people around the world every year are killed by firearms: three hundred thousand in war, and two hundred thousand in peaceful countries. Examining the international data, the article concludes that the data supported by the organizations which created the 500,000 figure do not support the figure. In particular, wartime deaths from firearms are probably closer to 100,000 annually than to 300,000. In response to this article, the Geneva-based Small Arms Survey produced a report which supplied much more extensive, and plausible, support for the figure of 200,000 non-war deaths.


This chapter looks at urinary tract infections (UTIs), which account for a significant burden of morbidity, cost, and healthcare resource utilization in both the inpatient and outpatient setting. UTIs occur in patients of all ages with a predilection for females throughout life and males at each end of the age spectrum. The term "urinary tract infection" encompasses a group of conditions that includes cystitis, pyelonephritis, and asymptomatic bacteriuria. Appropriate management of a patient with a UTI requires consideration of multiple factors, including age, sex, underlying comorbidities, pregnancy, history of prior UTIs, site of infection, anatomic aberrations, and the pathogen involved. Determination of the location of the infection as upper versus lower tract is essential to selection of optimal therapy. Lower urinary tract infection is infection involving the bladder, or cystitis, and is characterized by dysuria, pyuria, urinary frequency, or urinary urgency. Upper urinary tract infection, or pyelonephritis, is infection involving the bladder and kidney that classically presents with fever and flank pain, with or without the symptoms of lower tract infection.


In the life cycle model of consumption and saving, homeownership is an important vehicle for horizontal redistribution. Households accumulate wealth in owner-occupied housing during working lives before benefiting from imputed rent streams in retirement. But in some countries housing wealth's welfare role has broadened as owners increasingly use flexible mortgages to smooth consumption during working lives. One consequence is higher outstanding mortgages later in life, a burden exacerbated by high real house prices that compel home buyers to demand mortgages that are a growing multiple of their incomes. We investigate whether these developments are prompting longer working lives, an idea that is especially relevant in countries offering relatively low government pensions. Australia is one such country. We use the 2001–2017 panels of the Household, Income and Labour Dynamics in Australia Survey to estimate hazard models of exits from the Australian labour force as workers approach pensionable age. We find that those with high outstanding mortgage debts are more likely to postpone retirement, as are those with relatively low amounts of private pension wealth. These results are stronger in urban housing markets, and especially among males.


Traditionally, the problem of portfolio choice from risky assets has been solved by considering each asset as a probability distribution of future returns. Depending on the approach used to perform efficiency analysis, knowledge about the asset's probability distribution can be from summary to complete. Thus the mean-variance (EV) model of Markowitz [9] utilizes the first two moments of the distribution, whereas the stochastic dominance (SD) approach [3] employs the entire probability function.


This paper studies the problem of resource allocation in multi-cell cognitive radio networks (CRNs) with orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA). In order to save energy as well as improve communication efficiency, both the issues of system throughput and energy efficiency need to be considered in the optimizing objective, meanwhile, the system fairness is introduced to keep load balancing among multiple cognitive cells. Taking into account the various factors, such as the transmitting power limit of cognitive base stations (CBSs) and the constraint of interference power introduced by CBSs to the primary user (PU), the corresponding resource allocation belongs to the category of multi-objective optimization problems. Consequently, we first adopt the optimization objective adjustment coefficient to make a compromise between the issues of system throughput and energy efficiency. Then, we apply the immune algorithm to solve this problem and design the specific power adjustment method to guarantee the feasibility of antibodies. Finally, we conduct extensive simulation experiments and the numerical results show that our proposed algorithm outperforms the water-filling algorithm.


The objective of this study is to map the evidence found in the Database of the National Information System for Childhood and Adolescence (SIPIA) of the Tutelary Council of the mesoregion of Southwest Paraná in 42 cities that make up the geography of Domestic Violence against Children and Adolescents (VDCA). This breakdown is by region and pre-pandemic, pandemic, and post-pandemic period and demonstrates the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on VDCA. About the methodology adopted, this is documentary research of the quantitative-qualitative type. The results brought a "


The research on the interaction between radiation and biomolecules provides valuable information for both radiobiology and molecular physics. While radiobiology is interested in the damage inflicted on the molecule upon irradiation, molecular physics exploits these studies to obtain information about the physical properties of the molecule and the quantum mechanical processes involved in the interaction. This thesis work investigated how small change in the structure or composition of biomolecule changes the response of the molecule to ionizing radiation. Altogether eight different biomolecules were studied: nucleosides uridine, 5-methyluridine and thymidine; amino acids alanine, cysteine and serine; and halogenated acetic acids chloroand bromoacetic acids. The effect of ionizing radiation on these molecules was studied on molecular level, investigating the samples in gas phase. Synchrotron radiation of VUV or soft x-ray range was used to ionize sample molecules, and the subsequent fragmentation processes were investigated with ion mass spectroscopy and ion-ion-electron coincidence spectroscopy. The comparison between the three nucleosides revealed that adding or removing single functional group can affect not only the bonds from which the molecule ruptures upon ionization but also the charge localization in the formed fragments. Studies on amino acids and halogenated acetic acids indicated that one simple substitution in the molecule can dramatically change the extent of fragmentation. This thesis work also demonstrates that in order to steer the radiation-induced fragmentation of the molecules, it is not always necessary to alter the amount of energy deposited on the molecules but selecting suitable substitution may suffice.


Abstract Microspectrophotometry with the DNA-localizing fluorochrome 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) was used to estimate nuclear genome sizes in 12 species representing two families of the Dasycladales. Estimated 2C DNA contents in these taxa range from 0.7–1.4 pg in the family Dasycladaceae and from 0.9–2.4 pg in the family Acetabulariaceae. In both families, species exhibiting characteristics considered to be primitive appear to have 2C DNA contents that approximate 50% of values found in species exhibiting characteristics considered to be more advanced. Results suggest that polyploidy events have accompanied evolution in the order but apparently have been infrequent and conservatively preserved, leading to a narrow range of relatively small genome sizes. Limitations on genome size increase are discussed in terms of constraints imposed by a prolonged uninucleate stage. Interspecific comparisons of genome size and gametangium volume suggest an inverse relationship. Gametangium volume appears to hav...


Abnormal glycosylation is involved in the development and progression of several diseases.The early diagnosis of liver fibrosis is of great clinical importance due to the reversibility of liver fibrosis.The aim of the present study is to validate the value of N-glycome profiles for the development and progression of liver fibrosis in DENA-induced fibrosis rat model.Liver fibrosis in rat was induced by intraperitoneal injections of DENA.The N-glycome profiles of serum and serum purified immunoglobulins were established by using DNA sequencer-assisted fluorophore-assisted carbohydrate electrophoresis technology(DSA-FACE).It was found that the abundance of peak1,peak2,peak2R5a and peakR5b increased according to the fibrotic stages,whereas those of peak 5 and 8 decreased.The peak2 was mainly derived from immunoglobulin,and was related to inflammatory state,while peakR5a and peakR5b were derived from liver cells and associated to liver function.This method appears to be a noninvasive serum marker of testing and is promising to be used in the diagnosis of liver fibrosis.


The fractal finite element method(F2LFEM) has been successfully adopted to solve the stress intensity factor(SIF) for isotropic media problems.The method(F2LFEM) is extended into the orthotropic media.By using the analogy method,the domain is divided into the two domains D and Ω by the artificial boundary Г.The domain D is the region around the crack tip and the F2LFEM is adopted to form the stiffness matrices and nodal displacement vectors.The rest region is the domain D and uses the traditional FEM to solve.The William′s general solution of mode Ⅲ orthotropic crack problems is obtained.Let it as the global interpolation function of fractal two level finite element method and obtain the SIFs of orthotropic plate with edge,double-edge and centre crack problems by using F2LFEM.The results show that this method is very efficient and accurate.


Objective:To study the effect and mechanism of the traditional fermentation of cheese whey in Xinjiang on experimental hyperlipidemia in rats. Methods:Hyperlipidemia was induced by feeding rats with high-cholesterol diets. Rats were randomly divided into 5 groups,and treated with cheese whey (50 and 100 mg·kg-1) or pravastatin (20 mg·kg-1). The following indicators were measured:levels of serum total cholesterol (TC),triacylglycerol (TG),high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C),low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C),nitric oxide (NO),hydroxyl radical (·OH),and lecithin cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT). Results:Compared with hyperlipidemia control,2 doses of cheese whey obviously reduced the contents of TG,TC,HDL-C,and LDL-C (P0.01). They also increased the content of NO (P0.05),the scavenging capacity of ·OH (P0.01),and the activity of LCAT (P0.01). Conclusions:Chess whey can modulate blood lipids. The mechanism may relate to increasing activity of LCAT and the scavenging capacity of free radicals.


Within the UK 90% of the population are based in urban areas. Over the next 25 years
the Government has estimated there will be a need for a further 4 million homes. The
pressure on greenbelt has seen Government set a target of 60% for new homes to be
built on recycled land. Many urban areas within the UK are run-down and suffer from
poor design, traffic and industrial pollution. The Government has commissioned an
Urban Task Force to address the sustainability and regeneration issues within the built
environment and a final report from the Group, with recommendations, was published
in June 1999.


A small-size dual-polarized dipole antenna for base station applications is presented in this paper. The proposed antenna consists of three parts: main radiator, feeding baluns, and reflector. By optimizing the shape of the slot of the dipole, it is possible to obtain compact high-gain antenna designs because antenna aperture efficiency might be improved through adjusting the current distribution. Meanwhile, four bent arms could be used to further decrease the antenna size through extending the current path. Measured results show that the return loss of the proposed antenna is more than 14.5 dB over the band of 3.4 GHz-3.6 GHz, and the isolation is higher than 27 dB. Moreover, antenna gain is higher than 8 dBi, and half power beamwidth (HPBW) is 65°±5°. The proposed antenna can be used in the fifth generation (5G) mobile communication systems.


This paper, with an old conundrum of inheritance of patrimonial houses as an introduction, reveals that the existing joint ownership in China with joint heritage as its core rationale seems not conducive to an adequate use of things. Armed with property principles in economics, this paper also analyzes the occurrence of the problem and proposes that we should apply acquisitive prescription to solve this problem.


The decay of localized surface plasmons supported by plasmonic metal nanoparticles results in the formation of energetic charge carriers within the nanoparticles. Once formed, these charge carriers can transfer to chemically attached materials where they can perform a function. The efficient extraction and utilization of these charge carriers in various applications hinges on the ability to design plasmonic nanostructures with highly localized charge carrier generation at specific locations in the nanostructure. Herein, we shed light on the physical mechanisms governing the flow of energy in resonantly excited multimetallic plasmonic nanoparticles. We demonstrate that coating plasmonic nanostructures with nonplasmonic metals can result in the preferential dissipation of energy (i.e., formation of charge carriers) in the nonplasmonic metal and that the extent of this dissipation depends heavily on the electronic structure of the constituent metals. We use experimental and modeling studies of various core–s...


The spectral characteristics of thirteen symmetrical chlorosubstituted azobenzenes were determined. Comparisons of their UV spectra revealed a relation between the substituents and the hypsochromic maxima. The IRN= N stretching vibrations of chloroazobenzenes ranged from 1535—1585/cm and were correlated with the degree and positioning of the chlorosubstitutions.


ABSTRACT Adult mosquito collections were conducted from 1999 through 2000 at 29 US military installations located in six provinces in the Republic of Korea (ROK). Adult mosquitoes were collected in New Jersey light traps from 15 May to 15 October each year. Adult mosquito surveillance was conducted to determine the appropriate time for pesticide applications at each of the Army installations. A total of 68,051 and 62,526 adults were collected in 1999 and 2000 respectively, comprising 53,983 (79.3%) females and 14,068 (20.7%) males in 1999, and 50,274 (80.4%) females and 12,252 (19.6%) males in 2000. A total of 19 species from 7 genera were collected. The most common species collected were Anopheles sinensis (34.2%), Culex tritaeniorhynchus (29.4%), Aedes vexans nipponii (18.2%) and Culex pipiens (16.8%). Anopheles sinensis were collected at the same level while Culex tritaeniorhynchus decreased by 6.2% in 2000. The weekly population densities for some species were variable for each of the years, apparently as a result of changing weather conditions.


This study evaluated the safety and efficacy of chlorine dioxide (ClO2) fed into the incoming main water line to control Legionella bacteria in two hospital water systems. In both hospitals A and B, positivity of all distal outlets (sinks and showers) for Legionella decreased from 60% to ≤ 10% after the ClO2 treatment. In hospital B, the heterotrophic plate count bacteria in hot water were reduced from 15,400 cfu/mL to 2,900 cfu/mL after ClO2 treatment. Mean concentrations of ClO2 and chlorite (ClO2 ‐) in cold and hot water did not exceed the maximum residual disinfection level of 0.8 mg/L and the maximum contaminant level of 1.0 mg/L, respectively. No cases of healthcare acquired legionellosis have been identified in the postdisinfection period in these two hospitals. The study indicates that ClO2 is a promising disinfectant for controlling not only Legionella, but also other microorganisms in drinking water


The article contains an analysis of archaeological and historical sources related to the Świna, one of three straits constituting the mouth of the Oder to the Baltic. By referring to the sources, an attempt was made to evaluate the ways of taking advantage of the strait and its significance in the early Middle Ages.


The starting point of the article is Sydney Shoemaker's thesis that it is standardly assumed that the fact »we are not presented with ourselves in introspection as bodily entities« is obvious. But contrary to this, they still conceive introspection to be based on the model of sense perception. In the central part of the article we consider the conditions which must be fulfilled if introspection is to be meant as a stereotype of sense perception. We agree, with Shoemaker, that introspection does not fulfil all the conditions of the sense perception stereotype.
The last part of the article deals with a detailed analysis of Descartes's concept of introspection. Our conclusion is that Descartes did not conceive introspection according to the model of the sense perception. We argue in favor of the fact that a distinction has to be made between the concept of conscientia (consciosness) and the concept of sensus internus (inner sense). The genuine candidate for the concept of introspection is only the concept of conscientia. The concept of introspection which is standardly attributed to Descartes, is in fact a myth. A detailed analysis of Descartes's texts shows that we cannot attribute neither the property of epistemological transparency or the property of infallibility (our conclusions are similar to G. Baker's and K. J. Morris's conclusions) to Descartes's concept of introspection.


Building design should be done in an integrated way between architectural and engineering firms in order to identify technically and economically optimal solutions. Also, energy efficiency is more easily reached when considered as the starting point of the design, and when the specificities of the occupant's profile are considered. To do so, designers need dedicated tools to guide the design and promote understanding between stakeholders. The proposed decision tree helps designers identify adequate cooling systems based on the occupant's profile, buildings characteristics and locally available resources. Cooling systems are presented ranked according to their intrinsic energy efficiency. This decision tree could be used prior to detailed thermal simulations in order to impact the design at preliminary stages.


In a time of increasing road congestion, passenger rail networks provide superior performance to commuters in terms of capacity and speed. Although their technical complexity greatly assists in delivering these improved service levels, it also makes them vulnerable when unplanned disruptions occur. Such unexpected occurrences can be due to infrastructure malfunctions, accidents and extreme weather conditions. These incidents can often result in the rapid degradation of existing service levels given that the options for alternative internal solutions are limited. This is unlike the road network, where when one link fails, traffic can be diverted to neighbouring roads. Unfortunately, passenger railway networks are not as resilient and often a common solution to addressing disrupted commuters' travel needs is to provide alternative transportation modes such as buses. Bus bridging or the provision of buses to replace rail during service disruptions is a common response. This paper presents a synthesis of findings from a research program seeking to improve responses to unplanned passenger rail disruptions. Component parts of the research described, seek to understand current international practices, explore the significance of track crossovers to bus bridging, explore ways to optimise bus bridging depot location and the economic viability of a bus bridging reserve. Currently the management of unplanned service disruptions and the resultant initiation of bus bridging services are viewed reactively. This research paper demonstrates that it is possible to proactively plan for such incidents. Unplanned disruptions by their very nature are unexpected events; however, preparations can be made to minimise their impacts.


By approximating time delay link using Pade series,the parameters of intemal model controller for time delay system can be got based on the internal model control (IMC).Simulation shows that the intenal model controller can overcome the influence on control performance come form the gain variation and the time constant variation of the controlled object.


The connotation of ecological culture and its relationship with forest tourism were described. In relation to the ecological culture of Qiandao Lake, the advantages and disadvantages of forest tourism in Qiandao Lake were analyzed. Strategies for developing forest tourism in Qiandao Lake were discussed.


An approach that aims to give students a feel for the concept of entropy and how to analyze natural events to see entropic control.


PURPOSE: An apparatus for testing embedded software is provided to test a function of embedded software which is installed in a target system by transmitting a test program, a test data, and function information to a target system. CONSTITUTION: A distribution part distributes test program for testing embedded software function within a target system(120). A test data manager creates test data using a parameter which is applied to the embedded software function. The test data manager applies the test data to the embedded software function by transmitting the test data to the target system and driving the test program. The test result analyzer receives a result data from the target system and displays it to a display unit.


Data-driven screening guidelines for skin cancer have been published electronically, in reaction to the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force's 2016 draft recommendation statement on skin cancer screening.


Immersive environments, such as Multi-User Virtual Environments and virtual worlds, are increasingly being prototyped, explored and assessed as tools to help students master content, domain-specific thinking skills, and general problem-solving ad decision making skills. This article suggests that immersive environments may hold the same learning potential for teachers as for students.This article explores a few of these programs while outlining strengths and weaknesses of immersive environments as professional development mechanisms. It argues for more comprehensive examinations of immersive environments for teachers' professional learning.


The compositions useful for fabric treatment is disclosed. The composition comprises at least one polymeric unit of an ethylenically unsaturated compound is a monomer X with a substituent selected from an unsaturated or aromatic heterocyclic group containing a nitrogen atom; And carboxylic acid, having a polymerization unit of the organic, sulfuric acid, sulfonic acid, phosphonic acid and ethylene oxide The compound of monomer Y is selected from ethylenically unsaturated ester containing a polymerization unit of comprises a containing copolymer.


The Finnish Meteorological Institute (FMI) and the Vaisala meteorological measurements company have initiated a program to establish a new mesoscale observational network in Southern Finland. The Helsinki testbed is expected to provide new information on observing systems and strategies, mesoscale weather phenomena and applications in a coastal high-latitude environment. The goal of this project is to provide input and experience for mesoscale weather research, forecast and dispersion model development and verification, information systems integration, end-user product development and data distribution for public and research community. According to Dabberdt et al. (2005), a testbed can be defined as a working relationship in a quasioperational framework among measurement specialists, forecasters, researchers, private-sector, and government agencies aimed at solving operational and practical regional problems with a


The objective of this project is to find out experimentally and through theoretical calculations and applications whether a cargo ship can be operated by means of solar cells. The project deals wit ...


When an expressway passes through a mined-out area of a coal mine, the depth, distribution and stability of mined-out area should be ascertained. The detection of medium and deep mined-out area is difficult. In this paper the double-source electromagnetic prospecting method was used to detect the distribution and stability of mined-out area under the planning Laiwu section of Qingdao to Lanzhou expressway. The field data acquisition, data processing and interpretation technology of double-source electromagnetic prospecting method were researched, resistivity abnormal features of mined-out area were analyzed, the form, distribution and depth of mined-out area were ascertained, and the stability was evaluated.


This study aimed to analyze the meaning of fundamentalist-radical Islam, its relationship with the Islamic formalization movement, and the political motives behind embodying fundamentalist-radical Islam. Through a literature review, this study found that the term of fundamentalist-radical was not a term that emerged from the treasury of Muslim thought but came from the West, associated with church conflict. Furthermore, this term was used to intimidate the Muslims who want to formalize Islam in the order of state constitution. However, historically, Islamic thought and formalization movements have historical roots that are quite strong in Indonesia and globally capable of creating tolerant civilizations, maintaining security, and creating prosperity.


In the era of regional autonomy, being a principal is no longer a career position but a political one. Managerial competence does not seem to be the main requirement to occupy this position. This study aims to analyze the implications of the madrasa principal's managerial competence on the conduciveness of the teacher's work climate. The informants for this phenomenological study consisted of the principal and teachers of the Lamakera State Islamic Junior High School, East Flores, Indonesia. The results showed that the madrasa principal had a good leadership vision, but because the management function in the madrasa program was not optimal, the madrasa principal's managerial competence was low. The teacher's work climate is not conducive because the principal's communication is not effective, madrasah teachers are divided into several groups, there is a lack of ratio of teachers to number of students, administrative work is mostly done by honorary and voluntary teachers, and the allocation of educational operational funds determined by the government is not in accordance with the needs of the madrasa. This research has implications for the need to appoint principals not only based on a training certificate for prospective principals but also on a credible fit and proper test taking into account achievement, experience, and good career paths.


In the article are shown the results of research of dependence of contents of HМ in livestock products from their concentration in vegetative forages. Results of monitoring of ТМ contents in the basic forages have shown, that in the studied plants the concentration of metals does not exceed maximum concentration limit, except for Сu and Zn in grasses of natural pastures of Octyabrskiy area. HМ contents in livestock products (milk, sour cream, cottage cheese and meat) depend on their contents in vegetative forages, but does not exceed maximum concentration limit, with rare exception.


STATEWIDE TRANSPORTATION STUDIES UNDERTAKEN BY IOWA, WISCONSIN, RHODE ISLAND, CONNECTICUT, AND CALIFORNIA (STUDY DESIGN) ARE REVIEWED. THE STUDIES ARE COMPARED AND RATED AS TO THE AMOUNT OF EFFORT EXPENDED IN STUDY DESIGN, DATA COLLECTION DESIGN, MODEL DEVELOPMENT, FORECASTING AND TESTING OF ALTERNATIVES, AND IMPLEMENTATION. IOWA SPENT 6 MONTHS AND $9000 OF OUTSIDE COMPUTER SERVICES TO DEVELOP A FUTURE TRIP TABLE AND ASSIGN IT TO THE PRESENT AND COMMITTED HIGHWAY SYSTEM. WISCONSIN SPENT 2 YEARS AND MORE THAN $100,000 IN WAGES AND COMPUTER SERVICES TO DEVELOP AND TEST ALTERNATIVES AND TO DEVELOP A FINAL STATE HIGHWAY PLAN. RHODE ISLAND AND CONNECTICUT SPENT MORE THAN 5 YEARS AND $1 MILLION EACH TO DEVELOP COMPREHENSIVE STATEWIDE TRANSPORTATION STUDIES THAT ARE STRONG IN DATA COLLECTION, SOCIOECONOMIC FORECASTING METHODS, AND SOPHISTICATION OF THE LAND USE AND TRAVEL MODELS. THESE STUDIES WERE GROUPED INTO CLASSES THAT REPRESENT A COST LEVEL IN WHICH THE EFFORT IS BALANCED AMONG DATA COLLECTION, MODELLING, AND PLAN DEVELOPMENT. THE CLASSES CAN BE USED AS A GUIDE BY STATES CONSIDERING A NEW STUDY. /AUTHOR/


In a previous paper [2], I looked at resource allocation in a simple two-sector economy with the following features: production risk in one sector and the price risk for producers stemming therefrom; incomplete markets; and equilibrium determined so that producers' expectations are rational. The central questions investigated there were whether resources would be diverted away from the risky sector as a result of the existence of risk and how risk aversion on the part of producers affected resource allocation in a rationalexpectations equilibrium. It seems desirable to conduct a similar investigation for the case where producers are confronted with price risk because of demand fluctuations, rather than output fluctuations. It is, for instance, a matter of interest to know how cyclical fluctuations affect resource allocation in an industry producing a perishable good or service.' Despite the extensive recent work on the theory of the firm confronted with price risk,2 there exist to my knowledge few attempts to generate such price distributions in a rational-expectations framework.3 This is all the more surprising in view of the attention paid to price risk by writers interested in issues of the gains and losses from price stabilization [5; 7]. A paper by B. Wright [9] should however be discussed briefly. In one section of his paper Wright analyzes a model with two production regions, each of which experiences stochastic disturbances in output. Producers' expectations are rational. The author argues correctly that the disturbances affecting the output of produces in region I will be perceived as demand disturbances by producers in region II. Because his interest is in the question of the gains and losses to consumers and producers resulting from these disturbances, he


Constrained layer damping (CLD) methods provide significant damping in laminated composite materials in bending modes. CLD treatments also provide damping mechanisms in axial modes in structures with significant free edges. Where free-edges are absent such as in cylinders or plates with fixed edges, the damping of axial modes in the structure is limited and damping of bending modes is reduced. This paper investigates an alternate passive geometric treatments that improve damping in constrained layer composite materials. In particular, the effect of including strategically-placed geometric anomalies or wrinkles in laminated composite materials is presented. Correct placement of the anomalies result in increased damping in axial modes due to the three-dimensional stress state created in the viscoleastic layer near the anomaly. Because this method does not depend on strain energies created at the free edge, effective damping of axial modes in cylinders may be realized. A closed-form solution is derived that can be used to conduct parametric design studies. Design parameters include defect placement, defect geometry, and composite material properties.


In late 2000, the Federal Reserve Board published the annual revision of its index of industrial production and related measures of capacity and utilization for the period January 1992 through October 2000. The updated measures reflect the incorporation of newly available, more comprehensive source data, the introduction of new production series, and changes in methods. For this revision, two new years of comprehensive data on manufacturing output became available; otherwise, the updating of the data was typical of annual revisions. ; Total industrial output has increased, on average, 5.1 percent per year since 1995, and industrial capacity has expanded 5.4 percent per year; these revised rates of increase are more rapid than those previously reported. The rate of industrial capacity utilization was little changed by the revision for the third quarter of 2000 but was revised up 0.6 percentage point, to 81.6 percent, for the fourth quarter of 1999.


Biodiversity in Britain's forests declined in the past due to a number of factors, not least the effects of habitat fragmentation and a reduction in habitat quality caused by edge effects associated with intensive land management. Whilst new woodland planting schemes have been beneficial in terms of increasing woodland cover, they have rarely been spatially targeted to restore connectivity. This has resulted in many new schemes being located too distant from existing


For conventional metallic samples, agreement between experimental damage thresholds and three theoretical thresholds—for melting m, vaporizing ν, and heating to 2 eV—is fair (factor of ∼ 2 to ∼ 10). The previous scaling Itp∼tp1/2/A is valid in general, but It∼tp1/2 is valid for (I tp)m, (I tp)ν, and (I tp)2eV individually. Silver has the greatest theoretical threshold and figure of merit at 1.06 μm, but silver, copper, and gold have approximately equal figures of merit at 10.6 μm. Some clustering mechanism probably is involved in the isolated-spot damage observed in conventional samples.


4115 Background: Globalization of drug development is increasing, with reliance on data from patients accrued to large, randomized studies across continents. In addition to appropriate racial/ethnic representation, trials submitted to support FDA approvals should reflect the etiology and treatment patterns of HCC in the US. We conducted a pooled analysis of patient-level data from the HCC trials supporting approved marketing applications in the US to characterize geographical and baseline variables in clinical trials. Methods: Datasets from applications which received FDA approval for HCC between 2010-2022 were identified. The following data was abstracted: country, baseline disease characteristics (median age, HCC etiology, extent of tumor, and Child-Pugh score), and prior treatments received. Geographical region was recoded using categories observed by the United Nations M49 standard, based on country of enrollment reported in the datasets. Results: Variables that were defined differently across studies included region of enrollment, some categories of etiology, and prior therapy. Overall, the rate of HBV etiology was higher than that observed among patients with HCC in the US (20%), while the rate of HCV etiology was lower than in the US (50%). Conclusions: Variability in patient populations exist across trials submitted to FDA based on the regions that were targeted for enrollment and eligibility criteria. Global trials may be appropriate to support drug approvals for HCC; however, to ensure results are applicable to US patients, sponsors should select sites that represent a similar population with respect to racial/ethnic representation, disease etiology, and treatment patterns. [Table: see text]


The Shahrekord aquifer is located in an intramountain basin in Central Iran (90 km SW of Isfahan) and is the main resource of irrigation water for the intensively developed agriculture in the Shahrekord Plain. Early exploitation of the aquifer started back around 1950 but has intensified severely during the last decades. Irrigation water is provided by three means: spring water is tapped, water is pumped from around 650 wells and in historic times more than 100 karizes (or ghanats, deep underground channels that drain the water table and are accessed by shafts) were constructed and provide an additional source of water. However, groundwater levels have declined severely during the last decade, and although systematic piezometric monitoring already started in 1984, it stayed unclear whether the declining trend is related to increased water demand and exploitation or is due to climatic reasons, as around 2000 a severe drought lasted for three years. In this paper, exploitation and precipitation data are combined with the measured piezometric levels to analyse their relationship and help to understand the observed trend in declining groundwater storage. This aquifer is an example of a system that can easily deliver large amounts of groundwater because of a high transmissivity and considerable thickness, but has, for climatic reasons, a limited recharge. This imbalance makes the present level of exploitation unsustainable.


A model of the TWS radar is developed that provides a realistic computer simulation for comparing various radar tracking methods. Prediction accuracy of a simplified alpha - beta tracker is compared to that of an adaptive filter. In addition, the effect on radar tracking of a variable gate size correlation technique is investigated.


Ukraine has been the center of worldwide attention since the start of the year, following a long run of anti-government protests which eventually resulted in a regular government coup, a military intervention, an annexation of its territory by another country, and persistent threats of a fully pledged war. The protests started as a peaceful rally back in November 2013 to end Russia's influence over Ukraine. The trigger was the Ukrainian President Yanukovych's refusal to sign a free trade agreement with the EU and choosing Russia's help instead. The initial student protesters were calling for a more EU-oriented Ukraine. They were led by a desire to fight for a better democracy then the one they had.


We discuss the effect of super-Hubble cosmological fluctuations on the locally measured Hubble expansion rate. We consider a large bare cosmological constant in the early Universe in the presence of scalar field matter (the dominant matter component), which would lead to a scale-invariant primordial spectrum of cosmological fluctuations. Using the leading-order gradient expansion, we show that the expansion rate measured by a (secondary) clock field which is not comoving with the dominant matter component obtains a negative contribution from infrared fluctuations, a contribution whose absolute value increases in time. This is the same effect that a decreasing cosmological constant would produce. This supports the conclusion that infrared fluctuations lead to a dynamical relaxation of the cosmological constant. Our analysis does not make use of any perturbative expansion in the amplitude of the inhomogeneities.


Joan Digby has offered us a wonderful opportunity to think about our students and ourselves in constructing an education for them. Her essay took me back to my own freshman year when I read Nathaniel Hawthorne's story "The Birthmark." I think it might have been the first formal paper that I wrote in college, and it left an indelible imprint on my mind: The only truth is paradox. It seems to fit this case. Our students are and are not different than those in the past, and we, their instructors, are neither more nor less than our predecessors. If the classics teach us anything, it is that humans have not changed much over the last few thousand years. Who are we to think that in our present age (a decade?), we have changed when all the others haven't? That said, Dr. Digby has a point. Our current college students do seem enamored of imitation, and honors students are by no means immune. I would like to further explore why that might be so. Some of our students might be lazy. Others are probably busier than young people in the past. They begin lessons in everything from gymnastics to social graces from pre-kindergarten days through high school peppered with community service, a varsity letter in some sport, an instrument, a handful or two of AP classes, and a Kaplan course to prepare for the SAT examination. Every evening is "booked." This is not to excuse the pastiche of sentences and paragraphs that Digby describes, but our students may have lives too full to devote much time to the habits of mind or creative production. Another explanation alluded to by Digby is that imitation is easier now than before because of the Internet. Certainly, the popular and professional literature abounds with stories of plagiarism (the purest form of imitation?), and many of us, unfortunately, have had personal experiences confronting it. Some students who 'imitate' in this fashion plead ignorance. Perhaps so. Yet, it is possible that some of Dr. Digby's students may be using imitation as a time-worn method of learning, practiced intensively today in music and art but also more broadly in every society known to human history. The human development literature amply describes the role of imitation in learning and maturation in both the cognitive and social realms. Adolescents are especially active imitators, beyond their immediate family circle, as they begin to form their own individual identities, transferring an isomorphic identity from family to peer group before evolving into a separately defined, individual entity. Our first-year college students are still in the grip of those transitions. Imitation from that perspective, then, is a stage that is normative, important, and valued. In other words, imitation is a normal learning behavior, but the imitator needs to be encouraged to move past mere imitation into a more authentic, individual, and adult role. Out of authenticity, originality might emerge (without it, originality is unlikely ever to emerge). Yet, there are a few (new?) developments to wonder about, specifically the ubiquity of professional performance (due to the commonplace of mass media) and a unique peer influence created by the effects of mass day care. Of course, this is utter speculation, but consider these ideas for a moment. The ready accessibility of "first rate" performance, whether it be dancing, singing, writing, acting, etc. …


written from a rich tradition going back to tsarist times of studying religious movements. From the Soviet point of ;ie,v, the need to study religious groups is a practical one, since in ideological terms, all religious movements without exception compete with the state. In the early years of Soviet power, most religious qroups were thought to be in political opposition to the regime. and Although the depth of the opposition have been exaggerated at the time, the attitude of the regime that religious communities


In this research, it is hoped that the teacher will be able to play his role as a learning innovator. Increasing the teacher's teaching creativity is absolutely developed. This study uses a classroom action research approach to obtain data and analysis through reflective, participatory, and collaborative studies. Program development is based on data and information from students, teachers, and the social setting of the class naturally through two stages of the class action research cycle. To improve students' personal experience writing skills, classroom action research was carried out using the text form modeling method. This research was conducted at MTsN 8 Kampar with two cycles. In the first cycle there were some who had not been able to do the task properly because the teacher had not given clear instructions. In the second cycle, students and teachers have been able to create a conducive learning situation so that student learning activities have increased. Likewise the product results in the form of personal experience writing also experienced an average increase from 75 to 83. In the implementation of cycle one and cycle two it can be concluded that learning with the text form modeling method can increase activity and product results of personal experience writing in class VIII students at MTsN 8 Kampar


The scale of land transfer is small at present stage of China,the theory and practice in rural land pricing are not complete,however,rural land transfer price is closely related to the willing of the transfer behaviorists,thus,the research on expected land transfer price of the transfer behaviorists(rural households) is of active significance to completing China's rural land pricing theory and pushing forward land transfer practice.Based on the survey of land transfer of the farmers in Chongqing,this paper analyzes the influencing factors of expected price of rural land transfer from the perspective of the attribute of the main body of land transfer—farmers,and the result shows that the expected price of rural land transfer is positively related to the distance from subjects' residence site to a town and per capita annual agricultural production income of a family of the subjects and is negatively related to the number of schooling students of a subjects' family.These conclusions can provide theoretical basis and reference for the pricing of China's rural land transfer.


A hypothetical lateritic nickel deposit of median size was defined using data from a number of deposits under development and implementation.


It is found that low-temperature synthesized nanoTiO2 particles and reduced graphene oxide (rGO) would make up for each other's shortcomings: on the one hand, negatively charged nanoTiO2 particles could obviously enhance the dispersion of rGO. The nanoTiO2–rGO colloid synthesized at a low temperature (95 °C) remained stable for at least 6 months; on the other hand, for the ultrathin and transparent nanoTiO2–rGO films prepared using this stable colloid, rGO loading could enhance the connection of the nanoTiO2 particles and the substrate and therefore effectively increase the photocurrent to 4.8 times more than the photocurrent generated by pure nanoTiO2. The as-prepared transparent flexible film can be shaped into triangular calandrias which could make full use of the incident UV light, and thus increase the removal efficiency from the pass through of gas-phase acetaldehyde.


Lyndon factorization and Lempel-Ziv (LZ) factorization are both important tools for analysing the structure and complexity of strings, but their combinatorial structure is very different. In this paper, we establish the first direct connection between the two by showing that while the Lyndon factorization can be bigger than the non-overlapping LZ factorization (which we demonstrate by describing a new, non-trivial family of strings) it is always less than twice the size.


Hybrid laminates consisting of fibre-reinforced thermoplastic films and metallic thin sheets are successively replacing thermoset based systems due to their obvious advantages of higher formability and aptitude for mass production. In order to monitor the material under operating conditions, hybrid laminates need to be equipped with smart sensor units. Artifact-free integration of commercial strain gauges into hybrid laminates is almost impossible. Therefore, a new thin film strain sensor based on a PVD sputtering process was developed.The aim of this work was to evaluate the influence of the layer thickness as well as the elevated temperature during the sputtering process on the electrical performance of Ni-C strain sensors. The Ni-C films with different layer thickness and different sputtering temperatures manufactured by means of a magnetron sputtering process were investigated for the sheet resistance and the change of temperature coefficients of resistance. In addition, Raman spectroscopy was utilized to investigate the phase development with regard to different sputtering temperatures. It can be seen that the gauge factor gets doubled while optimizing the layer thickness. When the sputtering temperature was increased, the graphitic phase formation was preferred and the impurities were reduced. These results are discussed in this paper and appropriate solution concepts are provided.


Standardized test-based accountability measures often result in overemphasis on knowing facts and cast students into passive roles. Such schooling yields neither the learning nor the learners the modern world requires and can exhaust and demoralize teachers. We assert that students must assume greater responsibility for their learning in order to attain deep understanding and transferable skills that benefit them throughout their lives. Curriculum and instruction must therefore pay greater attention to developing skills that allow students to take such ownership of their learning. We identify and discuss three foundational skills that enable students to assume more responsibility for learning: self-regulation, collaboration, and academic mindsets.  After reviewing current research on factors contributing to these non-curricular learning skills and exploring their importance within school contexts and beyond, we discuss the need for more classroom-based research on interventions aimed at their development.


This article presents a new unified approach to modeling grapheme-to-phoneme conversion for the PLATTOS Slovenian text-to-speech system. A cascaded structure consisting of several successive processing steps is proposed for the aim of grapheme-to-phoneme conversion. Processing foreign words and rules for the post-processing of phonetic transcriptions are also incorporated in the engine. The grapheme-to-phoneme conversion engine is flexible, efficient, and appropriate for multilingual text-to-speech systems. The grapheme-to-phoneme conversion process is described via finite-state machine formalism. The engine developed for Slovenian language can be integrated into various applications but can be even more efficiently integrated into architectures based on finite-state machine formalisms. Provided the necessary language resources are available, the presented approach can also be used for other languages.


Improving access to finance for SMEs by promoting the development of alternative non-banking financing channels represents in the current context a highly debated topic by European and national authorities, and academics. This paper discusses the possibility of EU28 SMEs financing through the capital markets, highlighting the difficulties faced by SMEs when seeking to obtain finance in these markets, but also the funding opportunities based on the market that have emerged in recent years. Furthermore, our study highlights the main recent EU initiatives used to develop alternative sources for SMEs financing, which are intended to complement bank lending. By its content, our paper emphasizes the need to promote and develop of market-based financing instruments in order to reduce excessive dependence of SMEs by banks, but also to strengthen the resilience of real economy to shocks and banking crises


Objective To study the inactivation of cyclindependent kinase inhibitor 2A(CDKN 2A) gene and to analyze its clinical significance in larynx cancer.Methods The resected tissues of larynx cancer surgery and non - tumor larynx tissue were collected from 68 patients.The expression of CDKN2A was assayed by the semiquantitative counter reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction(RT - PCR).The protein expression of CDKN2A was determined by Western blot analysis.The relationship between CDKN2A expression and the occurrence and development of larynx cancer was analyzed.Results(1) The CDKN2A mRNA expression in laryngeal carcinoma was significantly less than that in non - tumor laryngeal tissues(P0.05).(2) The expression of CDKN2A protein in laryngeal carcinoma was significantly lower than that in non - tumor laryngeal tissues(the low expression rates were 80.9%and 47. 1%,respectively,and the lower expression rates were 52.9%and 22.1%,respectively,P0.05).The expression was not related to pathological types.(3 ) Western blot analysis showed that the CDKN2A protein expression in laryngeal carcinoma was significantly lower than that in non - tumor laryngeal tissues(t=3.246,P0.05).Conclusions The CDKN2A gene mutation and inactivation of its encoded protein are related to the development of laryngeal cancer significantly.


The authors report the first known autochthonous case of Chagas disease in Western Amazonia. The patient, a four year old girl from the village of Boa Esperanca in Sao Paulo de Olivenca county, had never lived in nor visited any other locality. In October of 1979, in the course of their study of Plasmodium in that area, the lab technicians of SUCAM came across a slide presenting numerous flagellated forms which were subsequently identified by the authors as T. cruzi. The T. cruzi infection was confirmed by two xenodiagnoses using 4th and 5th stage R. prolixus Nymphs.


Oil sands petroleum coke (OSPC) is a stockpiled carbonaceous waste with increasing inventory and environmental impacts; coke utilization is the upcoming focus. The goal of this work is to promote a novel production process that converts OSPC into activated carbon, a value-added product, using sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and sequential washing. However, the fate of sulfur, a major component of OSPC and a regulated substance, during the production process is largely unknown. Sulfur was determined through simulation of sulfur chemistry and experimental quantification and speciation in the process streams. Activation with NaOH-to-coke ratio of 1.5 and water washing for 10 min completely removed sulfur from OSPC as predominantly sulfide. The product is sulfur-free, low-ash porous carbon. The proposed production process also extracts vanadium, a valuable metal, from OSPC. By washing, sulfur is separated from vanadium and unreacted NaOH which can be recycled to further enhance the feasibility of the production process.


Abstract

Since humanity faces an era of new global threats, information challenges and cognitive construction and reconstruction, therefore knowledge of the phenomenon of memory in activity is aimed at educating the person in specific current historical circumstances, as a skilfull individual and creator. The purpose of the following scientific exploration is to represent a praxeological judgement of memory policy determinants and by means of application of the specific analytical tool, named «the Baudrillard's analytical instru-ment». With the help of this philosophical instrument we regard current issues and trends of subject's activity development, as well as its meanings and concepts within the most significant philosophical concepts and ideas. Thus, the determinants analysis of memory policy in socio-humanitarian knowledge in our scientific research involves a philosophical overview of the Baudrillard's analytical instrument results, fur tremor, regarding the so-cial sciences and humanities results, as well as their interdisciplinary nature in under-standing the essential aspects of the memory.


As quark gluon plasma (QGP) formation in heavy ion collisions is important from a viewpoint of strong interaction physics, attempts have been made to produce and study the QGP by studying particles in the final state so as to detect the possible signatures of QGP, for example the J/~2 suppression in heavy ion collisions. Previously, there has been a number of attempts to explain this by the final state absorption of J/kO in the dense hadronic nvatter [1]. Combining this mechanism with the initial scattering of incoming partons [2] the transverse momentum, PT dependence of the suppression can be explained. On the other hand, Matsui and Satz [3] have suggested an alternative mechanism to investigate the suppression of the J/g2 ~ t 91 process relative to the DrellYan background by the modification of the p0tential, binding the two quarks into the hadron in the presence of the deconfining medium, QGP whieh results in the dissolution of J/~. This demands at least some knowledge about the time evolution of the whole system and the formation time of J/qJ. The suppression of J /~ has been actually observed by Na-38 collaboration of CERN [4] and as the characteristic feature of the J/kO suppression is its PT dependence, Karsch and Petronzio [5] have interpreted it through the concept of the J /~ formation time. The aforesaid data [4] suggest that the strong suppression corresponds to J /~ with low PT values whereas it is almost absent for PT _> 3 GeV/c. On the other hand, the quantum mechanical approaches have also been used [6-8] to describe the j/q! as the bound state of c~


Objective To further improvethe rate of reperfusion of infarction related artery in AMI, remove the stricture, rescue ischemic myocardium, protect cardiac function and ameliorate the long -term prognosis. Method Among 73 patients with A-MI, 50 underwent direct PICA, 15 immediate PICA, 8 rescue PTCA and 20 braces were implanted. Result The proportion of recanalization is 94. 5% (69/73) . The grade of blood flow (TIMI) improved to grade 3 in 20 patients with brace implantation, while 44 to grade 3 and 5 to grade 2 among 49 patients with simple PTCA. Residualstenosis in vessel was 1.8±5.9 ( -10-10)% in patients with brace implantation versus 15. 4±11. (0-30)% with simple PTCA. The incidence of reperfusive cardiac arrythmia was 18. 1% (10/62). There was mainly frequent ventricular premature beat and short paroxysmal ventricular tachycardia, if left anterior decending branch was reopened, while bradycardia and atrial ventricular block usually occurred after right coronary reperfused. Conclusion Emergency PTCA and brace implantation can apparently improve the proportion of reperfusioa of IRA in AMI. It is necessary to popularize and apply these treatment in medical units with available conditions.


Animal Behavior Case of the Month Statement of the Problem A dog was examined because it was frequently chasing lights and shadows and spinning in circles. Signalment The patient was a 2-year-old 17-kg (37.4-lb) spayed female Border Collie. History The dog lived with 2 other dogs in a single-family house with a large yard. The owners (2 adults) had ad- opted the dog from a shelter at 4 months of age; the history prior to that time was unknown. The owners indicated that the dog knew a variety of commands but did not respond to them well. Since adoption, the dog would spin in both direc- tions equally and appeared to chase light and shadows. The behavior was more pronounced when there were loud noises present, if there was a heightened amount of activity surrounding the dog, and when it was out- doors in bright sunlight or indoors when rooms were brightly lit. This behavior would last between 15 and 20 minutes, after which the dog appeared normal. The episodes occurred once or twice daily for a total of ap- proximately 15 to 40 min/d. During the episodes, the dog did not respond to commands or other interrup- tions from the owners. The behavior had not been ob- served on regular outdoor walks in the early morning hours before sunrise. Within 1 week after adoption, the dog was evaluated by the primary care veterinarian because of the described behaviors. At that time, the referring veterinarian suspected hyperactivity or obsessive-compulsive disorder, and ami- triptyline hydrochloride (1 mg/kg [0.45 mg/lb], PO, q 12 h) was prescribed. Treatment with the medication was con- tinued for approximately 3 months with no improvement in the behavioral signs. Shortly after this visit, the dog was anesthetized for a full dental examination. Numerous re- tained deciduous teeth (which appeared to be functional and firmly attached) were identified, and the right and left maxillary premolar teeth were noted as missing. Results of a CBC and serum biochemical analysis at that time were within the respective reference ranges. Eight months prior to evaluation by the authors, the primary care veterinarian referred the owners to a veterinary neurologist because the dog's light- and This report was submitted by Melissa J. Bain, DVM, MS, and Kathryn L. Good, DVM; from the Departments of Veterinary Medicine and Epidemiology (Bain) and Veterinary Surgery and Radiology (Good), School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California- Davis, Davis, CA 95616. Address correspondence to Dr. Bain (firstname.lastname@example.com). Vet Med Today: Animal Behavior Case of the Month In cooperation with shadow-chasing and spinning behaviors had persisted. There were no clinically important findings on full physical and neurologic examination except for light chasing and spinning in both directions in the exami- nation room. The neurologist recommended further diagnostic evaluation by means of MRI, examination of a CSF sample, and EEG, all of which the owners de- clined. Differential diagnoses made by the neurologist at that time included partial complex seizures or ob- sessive-compulsive disorder. Amitriptyline hydrochlo- ride treatment was discontinued, and administration of phenobarbital (5 mg/kg [2.3 mg/lb], q 24 h) was started on a trial basis. One month later, after consultation with the pri- mary care veterinarian, the dose of phenobarbital was increased to 8.1 mg/kg (3.7 mg/lb) every 24 hours. Two weeks after this change in treatment, potassium bromide solution (2 mL [concentration not reported], q 24 h) was added to the regimen. During this period, the dog had also received zonisamide (information on dosage and duration of treatment was not available) with no noted improvement. At the time of evaluation at the University of California-Davis Veterinary Medi- cal Teaching Hospital, the patient was receiving phe- nobarbital (2.8 mg/kg [1.3 mg/lb], q 12 h) and 1 mL of the potassium bromide solution every 24 hours. Dur- ing this time, the owners had not attempted behavior modification, but would calmly hold the dog in place when episodes were observed. Physical Examination Findings and Laboratory Results During the consultation, the dog was observed to periodically spin equally in both directions in response to noises from outside the room or if the owners talked loudly. During these episodes, the patient bit at the air while continually appearing to scan the ceiling area. On physical examination, it was noted that all maxillary and mandibular premolar teeth were missing, and the teeth that were present were much smaller than expected. All other general physical and neurologic ex- amination findings were unremarkable. To assess the patient's vision, consultation with a veterinary ophthalmologist was requested. On oph- thalmic examination, both eyes were open and ap- peared comfortable with no overt photophobia appre- ciated. Direct and consensual pupillary light reflexes were present and considered normal in both eyes. There was no anisocoria. The patient had an appropri- ate menace response, and dazzle and palpebral reflexes were present in both eyes. Globe position and move- ments of both eyes were normal, and no facial asym- metry was evident. Tropicamide solution was admin- istered topically to each eye for pupil dilation. There JAVMA, Vol 247, No. 4, August 15, 2015


We have investigated the effects of Ag atom adsorption and light illumination on tunneling spectra of an InAs wetting layer (WL) and quantum dots (QDs) on a GaAs(001) surface by means of scanning tunneling spectroscopy. The tunneling spectra measured on the Ag-adsorbed surface with the density 1×1014 cm-2 exhibit an increase in spectral intensity at a positive bias voltage, leading to suppression of tip-induced band bending. These results demonstrate that adsorption of Ag atoms as well as light illumination allows us to accurately measure the local density of states and gap energies in STS with eliminating the tip-induced band bending. The measured gap energies of the WL and QD are in good agreement with other measurements and the theoretical calculation based on the square-well potential model.


Perceptual load theory (PLT) states that whether distractors capture attention depends on the easiness of the perceptual task. Evidence supporting PLT is almost exclusively from visual search, so it is unclear whether load effects can be found in non-visual-search tasks. To clarify this, an attentional blink (AB) paradigm was used. In Experiment 1, participants paid attention to two targets (T1 and T2), where T2 was presented after T1 at varying lags. T2's position relative to T1 indicated perceptual load, with high load at short lags and low load at the long lag. Confirming this, an AB effect was found. To test PLT in Experiment 2, congruent or incongruent flankers were introduced beside T2. The AB effect occurred again, but no flanker effect was found. Experiment 3 made the task easier, but flanker effects were still absent. These results suggest that perceptual load effects may be most amenable to visual search.


The induction of tumors of the adenohypophysis in mice by radiothyroidectomy (Gorbman [8]) has been amply confirmed. These tumors are thyrotropic (4). They are initially transplantable only to hosts whose thyroid function has been depressed by either radiothyroidectomy or surgical thyroidectomy; but autonomous strains have been developed after subpassages of most of the originally dependent lines (~, 7). Whether or not radiation is essential to the induction of these tumors is controversial (~, 8). Our view that radiation is not essential is based on their having been induced by surgical thyroidectomy (2) and by sustained treatment with large dosages of propylthiouracil (10, 11). Induction of pituitary tumors by propylthiouracil has not been thus far confirmed, and the published experiments on their induction by surgical thyroidectomy (2) are not entirely conclusive. The thyroidectomized animals (2) received a diagnostic dose of radioiodine administered to ascertain the completeness of thyroidectomy. The dose used (5-9 ~c. of 1131) is too small to induce pituitary tumors in normal mice, the threshold dose for tumor induction being ~5 ~c. in females and somewhat more in males. It is conceivable, however, that this dose of 1131 exerted some co-carcinogenic effect on the pituitaries of mice whose thyroids were subtotally or completely resected. It seemed desirable, therefore, to repeat this experiment entirely avoiding the use of I ~81. A closely related line of investigation involves the growth of transplanted dependent tumors. Since they had been shown to proliferate in surgically, as well as in radiologically, thyroidectomized hosts (~, 4), it seemed probable that they would also grow in hosts whose thyroids had been blocked


Energy‐stability theory has been applied to investigate the stability properties of thermocapillary convection in a half‐zone model of the float‐zone crystal‐growth process. An earlier axisymmetric model has been extended to permit nonaxisymmetric disturbances, thus determining sufficient conditions for stability to disturbances of arbitrary amplitude. The results for nonaxisymmetric disturbances are compared with earlier axisymmetric results, with linear‐stability results for a geometry with an infinitely long aspect ratio and with stability boundaries from recent laboratory experiments.


The objective of this study was to establish the influence of strategy implementation on sustainability of community based tourism in the coast region of Kenya. The target population was 193 members of community based tourism units in coastal Kenya as a representative sample. Stratified random sampling method was used to classify the thirteen community groups into a single stratum. The study used structured questionnaires and documented literature as the main tools for both primary and secondary data collection. The findings indicated that strategy implementation had a positive relationship with sustainability of community based tourism. The variables were found to be normally distributed and hence no significant differences at 95% confidence level. The study established a strong linear relationship existed between strategy implementation and sustainability of community based tourism. Information from the study confirms enterprises require strategy implementation for continued sustainability of their enterprises.


The concept of Disaster Resilience has received considerable attention in recent years and it is increasingly used as an approach for understanding the dynamics of natural disaster systems. The goal of this paper has two distinct tasks: (i) conduct a literature survey analyzing asset-based approaches for defining and measuring disaster resilience for physical infrastructures that is one of the seven dimensions of the PEOPLES Resilience Framework; (ii) identify the gaps between asset-based approaches and community-scale approaches. It is offered an overview of the models developed in literature to quantify resilience and performances of electric power, water, wastewater and natural gas utilities; communication companies and transportation networks as well as health care facilities. Discussion will be added related to strengths and weakness on how these approaches could facilitate the comparison of alternative resilience options/strategies and measure the speed with which disruptions can be overcome and community functions restored. A new geographic approach will be introduced to measure community resilience, focusing on spatial, temporal scale of resilience.


This paper revisits Parks' seminal work on the time series relationship between inflation and relative price variability. The results reported show that a significant positive association is obtained allowing for an asymmetrical response of relative prices to episodes of positive and negative inflation. This finding is maintained after excluding oil shock years, extending Park's original sample to 1996, using an alternative data set and allowing for a higher degree of disaggregation.


Prefabrication has been promoted as a means to improve the efficiency of the Australian house building industry. Issues affecting the uptake of prefabrication were identified through interviews with small and medium sized building companies. Prefabrication's specific impact on housing construction and smaller organisations has not been frequently investigated. Similar past research has been conducted without the use of a clear theoretical grounding guiding the identification of relevant issues. The current study is guided by a combination of the Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB) and the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM). This allowed the identification of a broad range of issues across attitudinal, normative, behavioural control and technology adaptation domains. Results revealed improved quality was often offset against practical cost implications. While a high quality of prefabricated products was reported, key technical challenges included coordinating the transporting of modules, and balancing standardisation and product flexibility. Resistance from traditional industry stakeholders regarding build methods, financing, and openness to encouraging prefabrication was commonly reported. The key role of government decision making in facilitating greater demand and competitiveness of prefabricated businesses in the consumer marketplace was also highlighted. Further research is currently being undertaken by the authors, which builds on the exploratory results of the current study through confirmatory, quantitative surveying.


Using empirical mode decomposition(EMD) method,the throughput variation Characteristics of China coastal ports during last 10 years were analyzed.The results shows that:(1) EMD method can effectively reveal the inherent laws of port cargo throughput changes,such as the quarterly,biannual,annual and multiyear variation cycles;(2) Since the beginning of twenty-first Century,throughputs of China ports grow fast,but which was significantly affected by the financial crisis after 2009.These are important for improve the port throughput forecast.


The stereochemistry around arsenic in the title compound, 1-hydroxybenz[c][1,2]oxarsol-3-one monohydrate, C7H5AsO3.H2O, is distorted trigonal bipyramidal, the carboxylate O atom and the water molecule occupying apical positions, and the phenyl C atom, the hydroxyl group and the lone pair occupying equatorial positions. The formation of a bond between the As and carboxylate O atoms leads to the formation of a five-membered ring fused with the phenyl ring. The water molecule forms a coordinate bond with arsenic(III). The earlier assignment of the title compound as o-carboxyphenylarsonous acid is thus incorrect.


To meet the needs of families who have very young children and are involved with child protective services due to substance use, the State of Connecticut Department of Children and Families, Yale Child Study Center and Johns Hopkins University created an innovative treatment model. This public–private collaboration required a paradigm shift for both child protective services staff and treatment providers. This brief description of the Family-Based Recovery model highlights the family-focused practice elements that allow children to remain safely at home with parents who are in treatment. Outcomes suggest that Family-Based Recovery is a promising practice, and collaborations between child protective services and substance use treatment providers can yield positive results for families with young children. © 2019 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


In several use-cases of Internet of Things (IoT), IEEE 802.11 based WLANs are more favorable due to superior data rate support even though their energy efficiency is not up to the mark. Particularly, wireless multimedia sensors based WLANs demand higher energy resources. In this regard, various IEEE 802.11 based power saving mechanisms are developed. IEEE 802.11n standard specifies Power Save Multiple Poll (PSMP) protocol. However, PSMP is infeasible for many IoT based systems specifically in use-cases where multi-hop communication is required. Moreover, PSMP scheduling mechanism lacks the capability to adapt to the dynamic Quality of Service (QoS) requirements in Internet of Multimedia Things (IoMT). In this paper, a QoS aware Multi-Hop PSMP (mPSMP) protocol is proposed to enable energy efficient multimedia communication over IoT. The mPSMP incorporate a traffic scheduling model to allocate channel resources in a time division multiple access manner. Therein, adaptive duty cycling is employed to minimize energy utilization, while assuring the required multimedia QoS for each node. The proposed protocol is implemented in Network Simulator-2 (NS-2). Analytical analysis and simulation study suggests reduction in end-to-end delay and duty cycling along with significant improvement in energy efficiency of IoMT devices.


THE CENTRAL IDEA OF SHARING literature will be discussed, along with suggestions for collection development, expanding students' knowledge of stories, book discussions, and physical considerations specific to a deaf audience. The deaf library patrons in the examples range in age from two-year-old children to teenagers.


: Monascus purpureus is widely used in different substrates for the production of secondary 17 metabolites of interest; requiring an inoculum of easy handling. That is why this research provides


One of the most widely used mobile payment applications in Indonesia is LinkAja. This product has received official permission from Bank Indonesia as digital technology innovation in transactions. The purpose of this study was to determine the use of the LinkAja mobile payment with the UTAUT 2 approach. This type of research is explanatory research with a quantitative approach. This research analysis technique is descriptive and inferential using the Structural Equation Model-Partial Least Square (SEM-PLS). The population in this study was LinkAja users in Indonesia with a sample size of 249 respondents. The results showed that performance expectancy, facilitating conditions, hedonic motivation, price value, and habit have a positive and significant effect on behavior intention. Effort expectancy and social influence have a negative and significant effect on behavior intention. Behavioral Intention has a positive and significant effect on Actual Usage on the use of the LinkAja mobile payment.


Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship (QSAR) is one of the most important fundamental fields in pure and applied chemistry. More and more chemists, biologists and pharmacologists have devoted themselves into this field. Molecular structural characterization is one of the keys to the success of QSAR study. Topological indices can be obtained requiring nothing but molecular planar structure, and are relatively easy to calculate. In this thesis, a new type of topological indices, called molecular holographic distance vector ( MHDV) developed in our laboratory, was proposed to characterize the structures of the aminoquinolines molecules and was employed to relate to the antiplasmodial activities of the aminoquinolines by means of principal component regression (PCR) method. For two sets of aminoquinolines, the correlation coefficient ( R) between the estimated and the observed activities are respectively 0. 943 8 and 0. 973 7 and the R obtained by cross-validation method are respectively 0. 830 5 and 0. 909 8, which showed the estimation stability and predictive ability of the model based on the MHDV descriptors.


INTRODUCTION Protein-energy malnutrition (PEM) is a major public health problem in the tropical and subtropical regions of the world, often arises during protein and / or energy deficit due to nutritional inadequacy, infections, poor socio-economic and environmental conditions. Protein Energy Malnutrition (PEM) in India is a very common problem in children under five years of age. It is the most common nutritional disorder affecting children in developing countries and the third most common disease of childhood in such countries. PEM has a lasting effect on immune functions, growth and development of children, learning ability, social adjustment, work efficiency and productivity of labour [1]. The child may be marasmic or kwashiorkor. UNICEF reports that India has unfortunate distinction of having 75 million malnourished children below 5 years of age [2]. The National Child Nutritional Survey conducted in 2000 demonstrated that among the children of 6 to 71 months of age, almost 49% were found stunted, nearly 12% wasted and 52% were underweight. In 2000, a study done by UNICEF found that among the South Asian countries, prevalence of wasting was in India 18%, Bangladesh 11.6%, Pakistan 11%, Nepal 11%, Sri Lanka 14%, Bhutan 4%, Maldives 17% and South Asia 18% [3] . PEM increases one's susceptibility to and severity of infections, and is the major component of illness and death from diseases. It is the direct cause of about 300,000 deaths per year and is indirectly responsible for about half of all deaths in young children [4, 5]. There are a number of biochemical parameters which become altered during protein energy malnutrition. In addition, abnormal total body and serum electrolyte concentration are common in PEM and appear to be related to the prognosis [6].Protein Energy Malnutrition in early childhood is the predisposing factor that leads much of the morbidity and mortality in children under five[7]. There are many ways to evaluate PEM; however biochemical parameters provide the valuable information for the over-all management and act as sensitive indicators especially in a tertiary health care centre. Clinical and anthropometric features of PEM are late to appear. Hence biochemical parameters will prove as early and sensitive indicators during the development of PEM. Biochemical value will trace the real nutritional status and also help in optimal specific and precise management of PEM in tertiary care centre [8]. With increasing severity there is increasing failure in the homeostatic mechanisms of the body and damages to the immune defences, which may result in infections and death [9]. It seems that many deaths from PEM occur as a result of outdated clinical practices and that improving these practices reduces the rate of morbidity and mortality [1] . With this view the aims and objectives of this study was to estimate the concentration of serum electrolyte levels in PEM patients and healthy controls. ABSTRACT: Protein energy malnutrition (PEM), the most widespread nutritional deficiency disorder of mankind, is a group of related disorders, with a more complex and still incompletely understood etiologic basis than its name suggests. PEM in India is a very common problem in children under five years of age. There are number of biochemical parameters which become altered during protein energy malnutrition. Abnormal total body serum electrolytes concentration are common in protein energy malnutrition. The aim of this study was to estimate and compare the concentration of serum electrolytes in PEM patients and healthy controls. Serum electrolytes were measured in 30 protein energy malnourished children of different grades (I-IV). Serum sodium, potassium and chloride were estimated by ion selective electrode method using Bayers AVL Compact 3. The results were compared with 30 healthy, age and sex matched controls. There was a significant decrease in serum sodium, potassium and chloride levels in PEM patients, when compared to the control group with a statistically significant value of p < 0.001.


Summary The article is devoted to the preservation of material evidence in the investigation of crimes against objects of cultural heritage (on the example of the investigation and trial of the case of the theft of the Caravaggio painting on July 30, 2008 from the Odessa Museum of Western European and Eastern Art). Imperfection of the legislation regulating the issues of seizure, accounting, preservation and transfer of physical evidence, as well as indifferent attitude to the fate of the object of the cultural heritage of mankind had a detrimental effect on the state of the canvas, which is currently being preserved in an inadequate form. In the article, we propose amendments to some normative acts with a view to preventing similar situations now and in the future.


In this brief, fractional 90-degree phase-shift filtering technique is investigated. First, thanks to the two commonly used Liouville and Weyl fractional integral definitions, we present Liouville and Weyl fractional differintegrators which are generalized magnitude-and-phase modulations. Then, paralleling a Liouville fractional differintegrator with a Weyl fractional differ-integrator to obtain a Liouville-Weyl fractional differintegrator, which is essentially a 90-degree phase shifter with noise immunity capability (low-pass). Finally, an inflexion point detection example is illustrated to demonstrate that the Liouville-Weyl fractional differintegrator is constantly forward 90-degree which is the same to the conventional first-order differential and bears good noise immunity which can be tuned by adjusting the differintegral order.


There are good reasons to assume that an open world, which allows broad access to existing knowledge, is a better and more social world. But non-open, proprietary systems like patent or copyright laws do also have their legitimacy – particularly with regard to providing incentives for innovation and creation. The paper shows that open and proprietary worlds are not mutually exclusive but rather dependent on each other. Instead of replacing the propriety world by an open world, it is rather crucial to find a balance between both systems. In search for the right balance, it is apparent that the risk of imbalance is rather one-sided. IP rights as a matter of principle are of an exclusive nature. Hence, the risk of over-exclusiveness is more likely than over-openness. The tools to safeguard a certain degree of openness already exist. In this respect often overlooked is the importance and effectiveness of compulsory licenses.


Nineteen patients of hypopharyngeal cancer with fixed cervical metastatic lymphnodes, who had been treated at the Cancer Institute Hospital during the period from 1974 through 1987, were analysed. Sixteen of the 19 cases were of pyriform sinus cancer (PS), 2 cases were of postcricoid cancer (PC) and one was of posterior wall cancer (PW). According to T-classification, 9 cases (47%) were classified as T3, which was the largest group. Three T1 cases were found among the patients with PS. Radiotherapy was performed on all cases, and resectable cases were surgically treated. As a result, 5 of the 19 cases were controlled without any subsequent reccurence of lymphnode metastasis. All of these 5 cases were PS and consisted of 3 cases of Ti and each one case of T2 and T3. In each of the 5 cases, the primary site had shown a low degree of outward invasion, and the lymphnode metastasis was large but solitary. On the contrary, in unresectable cases and cases in which resection was performed with reccurence within one year after the operation, the primary tumor had shown a high degree of outward invasion, and in some cases the primary and metastatic tumor were consecutive forming a single mass. CT examination was useful for judging of resectability of the tumor. The cummulative one-year and two-year survival rate for 19 cases were 32% and 24%, respectively.


Ten different song-types of the Olive Whistler Pachycephala olivacea were recorded in three areas of Kosciusko National Park. Irregular changes in the pattern of vocal units in some song types and the sequence of introduction of the different ty es in a bout of singing aredescribed. There is some evidence for microgeographic variation in song structure among tie populations of the three regions. The functions of some song-types are presented.


China early Republican era,the Congress brought to China's political arena,as a symbol of bourgeois democracy.Parliamentary system is in the negative on the rule of 2000 years of feudal monarchy system in China.Feng Tian first session of the Parliament during the electoral process and the reasons for the problems is the object of this investigation.Through these facts,we can further understand the early Republican Chinese politics and political systems of major changes,and feel this change to the society at that time the tremendous impact.


CoNGO RED has gained a reputation for being of value as a hremostatic j it has been considerably used in cases of hremoptysis and to a less extent hrematemesis, and has also been recommeuded in pernicious. anremia as an adjuvant to blood regeneration, and in cases of general infections. The last-mentioned applications are of very doubtful value ; but it is considered to be of definite use in hremoptysis, which is always a dangerous condition, even though it does not often threaten life immediately. When bleeding from a vessel in the pulmonary tissue is at all profuse there are risks, perhaps not overt but not the less real, for the partial plugging of small and medium sized bronchi not only causes partial collapse of the lung, but also favours air-borne infection of previously healthy areas. Hence any measure which seems to help in the prompt arrest of hremoptysis is welcomed. It has been found, however, that this dye may cause some humoral shock, and adequate doses (say 10 cubic centimetres of 1% congo red) occasionally give rise to disturbing reactions, whereas a smaller dose (say five centimetres) is ' li kely to prove ineffective. Therefore we must agree with A. P. , Richardson and J. R. Dillon! when they preface their article on the toxicity and systemic reactions of congo red with the statement that accurate information on these points is desirable.


Background Posterior urethral valves (PUV) is the commonest congenital urinary tract anomaly associated with progression to end stage renal disease (ESRD) in children, with bladder dysfunction being a major risk factor. The effect of bladder drainage with intermittent catheterisation on the rate of decline in renal function has not previously been assessed. Methods A retrospective analysis of changes in the rate of decline in renal function and the degree of hydronephrosis following initiation of bladder drainage was undertaken comparing 10 children undergoing drainage to controls in a single centre cohort of 58 patients with PUV. Results In the cohort, maximal renal pelvis diameter > 25mm was associated with increased risk of ESRD (p = 0.005). In patients with bladder dysfunction, initiation of bladder drainage was associated with reduction in hydronephrosis (p < 0.001) but no significant reduction in the rate of decline of renal function (p = 0.6). Conclusions In patients with PUV and bladder dysfunction, initiation of catheter bladder drainage was associated with reduction in hydronephrosis. Whilst no reduction in the rate of decline of renal function was observed in this retrospective analysis, a prospective randomised evaluation of the long-term effect of bladder drainage on renal function is merited.


Objective: In order to obtain a high level express of human IL 3,we modified the human IL 3 cDNA with PCR based mutagenesis method. And also we have determined the new mutant variant human IL 3 cDNA structure and its protein products activity. This method can be used to study gene modification, the structure or function of protein and the relationship between themselves.Methods: The human IL 3 cDNA mutants were obtained by PCR in vitro. The codon Met3 and Lys116 in human IL 3 cDNA were substituted by codon (GTT) of Val. Nucleotide sequences of the PCR products were determined by DNA sequence.Natural human IL 3 cDNA (NhIL 3 cDNA) and mutant variant human IL 3 cDNA (MvhIL 3 cDNA) have been inserted downstream of promoter with a set of expression vectors, and transfered into E.Coli.Results: E.Coli bacterial cells boring the plasmid pSM53 NhIL 3 expressed only 7% protein of the total bacterial body protein but the pSM53 MhIL 3 cDNA had produced a high level of human IL 3 about 16% of the total bacterial body protein. The molecular weight of the product is 15 kD. Their biological activity respectively is 1.5×10 4 U/ml and 6.9×10 4 U/ml。Conclusion:The human IL 3 cDNA can be reconstucted with PCR mutagenesis method to get a new human IL 3 cDNA mutant. The activity of this MVhIL 3 expressed protein we have obtained is 3 4 times of the NhIL 3.


Effect of annealing on the crystal structure of polyethylene single crystals was studied by using X-ray diffraction method. The dimension of a axis, the unit-cell volume, and the disorder factor which represents the mean square displacements of carbon atoms from their average locations were found to increase with increasing annealing temperature up to 105°C, below which no lamellar thickening was observed. On the other hand, their values turned to show a decreasing tendency with increasing annealing temperatures above 105°C, where lamellar thickening by annealing was observed. Increase of the unit-cell volume and the disorder factor can be explained by an increase of population of crystal defects introduced into the crystal by thermal motions of molecular chains largely amplified at sufficiently high temperatures. The abnormal structure generated by the rotation of molecular chains around their axes by about 90° was assumed as one of the crystal defects. A fraction of the abnormal structure was estimated by the method previously developed by us on the X-ray diffraction intensities. In the case of the single crystals annealed at 120°C, this amounted to 2% of the whole crystal.


for an Invited Paper for the MAR11 Meeting of The American Physical Society Isotopes for Research Can We Continue to Depend on Them? ROBERT ATCHER, Los Alamos National Laboratory The use of isotopes as tracers has been critical to many scientific endeavors. The discovery of radioactivity was quickly followed by experiments in which radioisotopes were being used to trace the behavior of those elements in biologic systems including humans. More recently, the ability to separate and enrich stable isotopes has facilitated their use as probes in a variety of applications using magnetic resonance, mass spectrometry and post facto neutron activation to determine their distribution, concentration and chemical form. Recently, shortages of both stable enriched and radioisotopes have had an impact on endeavors on which they play an important role.


We present an algorithm for computing the convex hull of a finite set of points. The algorithm is based on a version of Graham scan with the following additional features: • If the points are already (single precision) machine numbers, the computation is rounding-error free, that is, the computed hull is the hull that would have been computed if real arithmetic was available. • If the points are arbitrary numbers, the algorithm renders the smallest possible machine representable convex hull that includes the exact convex hull. • The computation time is still O(n log2n). • Only floating point arithmetic with double mantissa length is required. No mantissa splitting or other mantissa manipulations are needed; one only has to know the exponent parts of the numbers. Also, no fixed point accumulator is needed. • Single precision interval arithmetic is recommended for accelerating the computation, but is not necessary. • All of these aims are achieved with a new method for exact determination of the sign of a sum.


An adaptive-adaptive multi-beamforming algorithm for electronic reconnaissance is introduced and proved.The algorithm estimates the direction and amount of space source first,and then synthesizes the pattern.It is shown from simulation results that jamming cancellation performance is significantly improved by using this algorithm.


The author discusses the topical for modern literary criticism problem of ekphrasis, determines three specific features that distinguish the ekphrasis from the description as such (self-reflexivity, attributive character, visual figuration), and since all these features were formed in the second half of the XIX th century, comes to the conclusion that in this particular historical period the descriptions of artwork gained independence and became a special kind of description.


Intussusception of the bowel through the ostomy is a rare complication of ostomies. We only found few case reports in the literature, of which one was a reported case of large bowel intussusception into a colostomy and 4 cases of small bowel intussusception into ileostomies. We report a case of large bowel intussusception through a colostomy.