The eighteenth century has generally been seen as a period of success and achievement. It was a period which saw Britain's rise as the leading imperial and industrial nation of the world. It was, however, by no means a linear success story. The expansion of commercial business was accompanied by birth pangs, setbacks and at times by a disproportionate increase of risks. Success was melded with failure. Vast fortunes could be amassed within the lifespan of a merchant, but the risk to fail and end in a debtor's prison was equally high. Hoppit points out that the success of business over the century can only be properly understood when due regard is paid to risk and failure, for it "adds detail and substance to the pictures of growth, decay and structural change which have been built up by historians since they began to describe the Industrial Revolution" (Hoppit 1987, p.1). The history of setbacks and failures should therefore be seen as an integral part of the story. At the beginning of the eighteenth century the law of bankruptcy had already undergone important changes in England. Since the early years of the century it had lost much of its old moral content. Even among the contemporaries a certain awareness grew that failures did not always originate from the dishonest, fraudulent or criminal behaviour of the bankrupt. The changes which took place, although they were far from complete, may best be summed up with Bruce H. Mann's remarks that the century witnessed "a redefinition of insolvency from sin to risk, from moral failure to economic failure" (Mann 2002, p. 5). Mann's statement refers to the development of the American law of bankruptcy, but it may be applied to the English one as well. There are two important studies on bankruptcy in eighteenth-century England, one by Julian Hoppit who investigates the level of risk and the occupational composition of the bankrupts, the other one by Ian Duffy who focuses on the law and the crisis of 1810. Based on their research I will explore the risk of failure among immigrant merchants in this article. To focus on immigrants may not only highlight the risk they faced in a foreign environment with


The establishment of property markets is a critical feature of the future management of China's land resources. The creation of secondary markets requires a reliable price mechanism based on market values. The main hypothesis of this paper is that failure to take full and detailed account of the institutional structure of real estate and property markets in China severely diminishes the validity of most conventional approaches to financial appraisal. The paper outlines the institutional evolution of: • Market structures;


There is not a day goes by without a passionate debate concerning Big Tech companies; while the main concern of governments seems to be related to social justice, a growing worry is associated with the consequences that large firms have on consumer welfare; nowadays these big entities engage in serial start-ups acquisition to preclude the en- trance of competitors in their markets. Accordingly, I build a dynamic model where firms are endowed with a search technology used for designing new products that are subject to linear price-inverse demand function. Thanks to the relative tractability of my framework, I compute many important statistics in closed form. Then, I show that the rise of large entities is part of a natural mechanism where giants emerge from the ashes of their predecessors. Though the actions of large technological companies impair welfare in the short-run, their consequences in the long-run seem negligible, suggesting a laissez-faire approach in which, organizations engaging in these type of misconduct simply disappear in the long-term.


This study examines balance of payments (BOP) and policies that affects its position in Nigerian economy. The tariff, non- tariff and exchange rate policies were used as policies that affects the BOP. Various Proxies were used to explain the effect of these policies on the BOP. These includes; the indirect tax as a proxy for tariff policies, the money supply, export and interest rate as a proxy for non- tariff policies, and the exchange rate. This study employs the ordinary least square (OLS) methods of estimation and the heteroscedasticity and autocorrelation covariance (HAC) in order to avoid spurious regression results. The E-views 6.0 was employed in the regression analysis. In executing this study, the ADF (augumented dickey fuller) test and the Unit Root Test was carried out to test the stationarity of the variables. The result shows that the indirect tax, export and exchange rate satisfy the economic apriori expectation while the interest rate and money supply negates the apriori expectation. Using the t-test, it is revealed that only three (3) variables are significant in the explanation of the dependent variable (BOP) while the remaining two variables are insignificant. Recommendations are made to ensure that the balance of payments disequilibrium is resolved.


The small brown planthopper, Laodelphax striatellus (Fallén) enters the photoperiodic induction of diapause as 3rd or 4th instar nymphs. The photoperiodic response curves in this planthopper showed a typical long-day response type with a critical daylength of approximately 11 h at 25°C, 12 h at 22 and 20°C and 12.5 h at 18°C, and diapause induction was almost abrogated at 28°C. The third stage was the most sensitive stage to photoperiod. The photoperiodic response curve at 20°C showed a gradual decline in diapause incidence in ultra-long nights, and continuous darkness resulted in 100% development. The required number of days for a 50% response was distinctly different between the short- and long-night cycles, showing that the effect of one short night was equivalent to the effect of three long nights at 18°C. The rearing day length of 12 h evoked a weaker intensity of diapause than did 10 and 11 h. The duration of diapause was significantly longer under the short daylength of 11 h than it was under the long daylength of 15 h. The optimal temperature for diapause termination was 26 and 28°C. Chilling at 5°C for different times did not shorten the duration of diapause but significantly lengthened it when chilling period was included. In autumn, 50% of the nymphs that hatched from late September to mid-October entered diapause in response to temperatures below 20°C. The critical daylength in the field was between 12 h 10 min and 12 h 32 min (including twilight), which was nearly identical to the critical daylength of 12.5 h at 18°C. In spring, overwintering nymphs began to emerge in early March-late March when the mean daily temperature rose to 10°C or higher.


The organic Rankine cycle (ORC) is an important method of producing electricity from industrial waste heat and renewable energy resources. This paper presents a thermo-economic analysis of a superc...


Background and Aims:  The aim of this study was to investigate whether rectal administration of muscovite can ameliorate colonic inflammation in a rat model of experimental colitis, and its possible mechanism.


A Brownian dynamics model for the backbone chain of a macromolecule is developed as a system of linked rigid bodies so that constraints on valence angles and bond lengths are satisfied exactly. For comparison, a corresponding flexible model is developed in which bond lengths and valence angles are held nearly constant by strong harmonic potentials. Equilibrium properties and barrier crossing rates are examined theoretically and by computer simulation of both models, with differences arising due to the presence of constraints in the rigid case. A compensating potential based on the metric determinant of unconstrained coordinates in the rigid model is found to eliminate the effect of constraints. Barrier crossing rates in the transition state approximation are studied when a force fixed in space is applied to the end atoms of the three‐bond chain. An exact transition state rate formula developed for this case predicts curved Arrhenius plots of barrier crossing rates; this result is confirmed by computer sim...


In this episode of Annals On Call, Dr. Centor discusses the contributors to diagnostic error and strategies for reducing error with Dr. Hardeep Singh of the Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medi...


Abstract Self-assembly of CuSO4, para-methyl-2-phenyl acetate and 1,10-phenanthroline afforded good-quality crystalline complex in quantitative yield. The complex was characterized by FTIR and UV-visible spectroscopy, electrochemistry, and powder and single-crystal XRD studies. Its structure was found to possess axially elongated octahedral symmetry with CuO4N2 chromophore. Its purity was assessed by powder XRD spectrum. Absorption study yielded a broad band corresponding to 2Eg→2T2 g transition. Electrochemical solution study indicated diffusion-controlled irreversible electron transfer process corresponding to Cu(II)/Cu(I) redox couple with diffusion coefficient = 7.89(±0.1)×10−9 cm2s−1. Results of spectroscopic techniques support each other. Complex exhibited excellent DNA-binding ability through UV-visible spectroscopy and cyclic voltammetry yielding Kb values 1.399 × 104 M−1 and 5.81 × 103 M−1, respectively. The complex exhibited significant activity against bacterial strains Escherichia coli, Micrococcus luteus and Staphylococcus aureus and good activity against Bacillus subtilis. These preliminary studies impart good biological relevance on the synthesized complex.


Julian Cole has introduced Billingsley′s two probability measures in a probablity space into the general multifractal analysis. In this paper, we study the relation between relative multifractal Hausdorff, packing dimension of projected measure and relative multifractal Hausdorff, packing dimension.


We studied carabid beetle assemblage structure and species diversity in an intermediate successional stage (seral) forest established in areas affected by the 1888 eruption of Mt. Bandai and a climax forest that had not been affected by the eruption at the Urabandai area, Fukushima Prefecture, Japan. In total, 2,131 carabid beetles representing 31 species were collected using pitfall traps without bait. A comparison of carabid beetle assemblages between the two forest types revealed that the number of species observed was comparable, but their abundance was greater in the seral forest. The assemblage structure clearly differed between the two forest types. In the seral forest, forest generalists, such as Synuchus arcuaticollis and Pterostichus prolongatus, along with forest specialists including Carabus vanvolxemi and Pterostichus asymmetricus, were collected. In the climax forest, forest generalists, such as Synuchus cycloderus and Carabus albrechti tsukubanus, were more abundant than forest specialists. This suggests that the current seral forest in the Urabandai area possesses environmental variables that enable the coexistence of both forest specialist and generalist beetle species. A redundancy analysis showed that six species from the genera Synuchus and Pterostichus were associated with high canopy openness and high understory vegetation cover, whereas species recorded only in the climax forest were associated with deep litter. Therefore, it seems likely that carabid beetles in the Urabandai area were affected by these three environmental variables.


Photorespiration is a wasteful metabolic process that occurs when the initial enzyme of the Calvin cycle, Rubisco, fixes O 2 instead of CO 2 . This process reduces the efficiency of photosynthesis with significant implications for biogeochemical cycling and crop production [1]. The extent of photorespiration is a function of physiology, CO 2 /O 2 ratio, and temperature. Accurately understanding photorespiratory fluxes in different organisms and environments is critical for predicting how the biosphere will respond to climate change. We hypothesize that intramolecular variations in stable carbon isotope ratios ( 13 C/ 12 C) in the amino acid, serine, may serve as a proxy for photorespiratory fluxes. The proxy rationale is derived from knowledge of serine ' s biosynthesis and predicted isotopic fractionations [2, 3]. Such a proxy holds the potential to integrate spatial and temporal heterogeneity of photorespiration in ecosystems. Here we present our first step towards this goal: method development enabling the position-specific isotope analysis of serine by GC-Orbitrap mass spectrometry. Serine molecules are isolated by gas chromatography, fragmented in an electron ionization source, and the resulting fragments are analyzed for long periods of time at high mass resolution. Because fragments sample different combinations of atomic positions from the parent molecule, this measurement provides multiple constraints on the spatial distribution of isotopes within the original molecule [4]. We will also discuss 13 C/ 12 C distributions obtained in a pilot study of Arabidopsis thaliana exposed to different CO 2 /O 2 ratios and the resulting prospects for a photorespiratory proxy.


Aim: Though the effect of foliar application of micronutrients is well established, research on the performance of cauliflower with combined application of micronutrients is very meager. Keeping this in view, the research work was proposed  to assess the effect of Micronutrient Mixture on the growth, yield, and quality of cauliflower under field conditions.
Study Design: The field experiment in a randomized block design consisted of 6 treatment combinations with four replications.
Place and Duration of Study: The experiment was conducted at Farmers Field, Deverayapuram, Thondamuthur, Coimbatore. The field experiment was conducted from March 2023 to May 2023.
Methodology: The micronutrient mixture specific to cauliflower was developed at various levels based on their requirement to crop, with data obtained from soil testing, literature on nutrient uptake, and micronutrient deficiencies in cauliflower crops. Different rates of micronutrient mixture viz., 15, 20, 25, and 30 kg ha-1 combined with farmyard manure (FYM), were used to enhance fertilizer solubility.
Results: It was recorded that the application of Micronutrient Mixture @ 30 kg ha-1 increased morphological characters and yield compared to other treatments followed by the Micronutrient Mixture @ 25 kg ha-1. The minimum yield and morphological characters were recorded in the control plot where neither FYM nor Micronutrient Mixture was applied.
Conclusion: This research depicted that the combined application of a micronutrient mixture @ 30 kg ha-1 incubated with FYM has a positive impact on the growth, yield, and quality of cauliflower in micronutrient-deficient soil under field conditions resulting in improved morphological characters and crop yield. Hence, it may be concluded that an optimum dose of 30kg ha-1 can be recommended for cauliflower in micronutrient-deficient soils to enhance crop productivity.


Review(s) of: The Australian welfare state: Who benefits now?, by Greg Marston and Catherine McDonald with Lois Bryson, Palgrave Macmillan Melbourne, Australia 2014, ISBN 9781420256765, pp. 190, Paperback. AUD$59.95.


The new leaders of Western Australia have promised to rescind a moratorium on transgenic crops that has put a damper on R&D.


Title:What is the impact of interventions that prevent fetal mortality on the increase of preterm live births in the State of Sao Paulo, Brazil? Introduction 1-The author omitted some important references showing that changes in preterm, and perinatal rates is vast and complex phenomena in Brazil involving a number of factors. Reply: we thank you for the references; we incorporated when relevant in the paper.


This paper analyzes the theories employed to explain the impact of the corruption level on the prevalence of the shadow economy. The results of the empirical research regarding this impact in countries with different income levels of inhabitants are also represented.


Globalization may have different impacts on the gender wage gap depending on the specialization and trade pattern as well as the socioeconomic situation. The main purpose of this paper is to examine an impact of globalization on gender wage inequality. Specifically, the hypothesis is that globalization reduces gender wage gap. For this, we have employed a panel technique for 21 selected developing countries during 2000-2007. Based on the obtained results, the hypothesis is verified.


A new flash pyrolysis method which drastically increases both total volatile matter and tar yield was introduced. This method intends to effectively transfer radicals from/via solvents to reactive coal fragments. To accomplish such effective radical transfer, the rate of radical formation from the solvent and the formation rate of the coal fragment must be matched. Furthermore, the radical and the coal fragment must be in close contact during the pyrolysis. When the coal is treated with the solvent at 100 to 250°C, the solvent penetrates into the micropores and swells the coal by enlarging the micropores of its molecular dimension, and it is retained intimately within the micropores. Pyrolyzing thus prepared swollen coal, we could increase both the total volatile matter and the tar yield significantly. When an Australian lignite swollen by tetralin was pyrolyzed, the total volatile matter reached 67% and the tar yield surprisingly reached 42%. These great increases were found to be due to a physical effect and the effective radical transfer brought about by the swelling.


This paper is a preliminary compilation of research done by several scholars that looks at the security circumstances of selected Central and Eastern European countries and the steps taken to improve their situations. Project participants look at Slovakia, Bulgaria, Ukraine, and the Baltics-countries with diverse preparation for integration with the West but not yet members of NATO or the European Union. While much of this paper is derived from research by colleagues in the project, I alone am responsible for the organization and conclusions presented herein.


The article addresses the problem of reciprocity in homoerotic relationships in classical Athens. According to the more traditional approach, the pecking ord er model '', these typically a symmetrical relationships almost inevitably involved humiliation of one of the partners, who literally or metaphorically assumed a passive and therefore u n manly role. Although more recent studies tend to underline the arti fici al cha racter of these schola rly reconstructions, they still fail to account for the nuances of ancient homoerotic courtship. I argue that some sources often used by scholars as reflec t ing negative attitudes towards homoeroticism may actually t estify to the existenc e of very clear rules of highly valued and praised behaviours of passive partners. T h ese rules formed an implicit grammar of social actions but were never explicitly codified.


AbstractPhotoconductor layers used in electrophotography exhibit more or (ess distinct memory effects when exposed to actinic light prior to the processing cycle. The memory of typical inorganic, organic and polymeric photoconductors are compared and discussed. The "ghost image" remaining after pre-exposure may be erased by application of optical, thermal or electrical energy. An electrophotographic process is described, which uses light sensitive organic substances instead of photoconductors. In contrast to known systems, exposure to light creates a persistent latent conductivity image, which cannot be destroyed by subsequent charging, heating or exposure to long wave radiation. The phenomena involved and applications of the process are discussed.


The Swedish FSC standard (Forest Stewardship Council) is a level standard used to certify forestry. All the major Swedish forest companies are using the FSC standard, and approximately 50% of the Swedish forests are FSC certified today. In the essay six items within the chapter on environmental issues and biodiversity are examined: the proportion of protected forest, the proportion of annually burnt clear-cut stands, the number of trees with large diameter, the amount of dead wood, the proportion of deciduous trees within a stand and the proportion of deciduous-dominated stands. The FSC standard states a level for all items, and the purpose of the essay is to analyse whether these levels are supported by research within the field of conservation biology. The validity of the levels of the six items is them discussed to evaluate whether changes are required to the next revision of the FSC standard. The conclusions of the essay are based on historical data and research pursued in natural forests. The levels of the FSC standard are compared with the levels of the natural forest. In all Swedish vegetation zones the amount of dead wood is the most important item to increase for the next revision of the standard. In the boreal zone of Sweden the second most important item to increase is the proportion of burned clear-felled stands. In the boreonemoral and nemoral zones of Sweden the second most important item to increase is the proportion of deciduous-dominated stands. Although the FSC-standard is the first step towards environmentally appropriate forestry, there is still a long way to go before the biodiversity of the forests is secured and its role for fundamental processes and production capacity of the ecosystems is fully understood.


Not withstanding its great success and wide adoption in Bag-of-visual Words representation, visual vocabulary created from single image local features is often shown to be ineffective largely due to three reasons. First, many detected local features are not stable enough, resulting in many noisy and non-descriptive visual words in images. Second, single visual word discards the rich spatial contextual information among the local features, which has been proven to be valuable for visual matching. Third, the distance metric commonly used for generating visual vocabulary does not take the semantic context into consideration, which renders them to be prone to noise. To address these three confrontations, we propose an effective visual vocabulary generation framework containing three novel contributions: 1) we propose an effective unsupervised local feature refinement strategy; 2) we consider local features in groups to model their spatial contexts; 3) we further learn a discriminant distance metric between local feature groups, which we call discriminant group distance. This group distance is further leveraged to induce visual vocabulary from groups of local features. We name it contextual visual vocabulary, which captures both the spatial and semantic contexts. We evaluate the proposed local feature refinement strategy and the contextual visual vocabulary in two large-scale image applications: large-scale near-duplicate image retrieval on a dataset containing 1.5 million images and image search re-ranking tasks. Our experimental results show that the contextual visual vocabulary shows significant improvement over the classic visual vocabulary. Moreover, it outperforms the state-of-the-art Bundled Feature in the terms of retrieval precision, memory consumption and efficiency.


Spin-polarized electron momentum densities of Nd-doped nickel ferrites (Ni1−xNdxFe2O4 where , 0.24) at 8 and 300 K temperatures are presented. The measurements have been made using the magnetic Compton scattering set-up available at SPring-8, Japan. The site-specific spin moments which contribute to the formation of the total spin moment are deduced by decomposition of the magnetic Compton profile (MCP) into constituent profiles. An increase in the spin moment at Fe site and a reduction at Ni site with Nd doping, as revealed by MCP data, are explained on the basis of the cationic redistribution at octahedral and tetrahedral sites using x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis. The XPS measurements suggest the emergence of Fe2+ ions in Nd-doped samples to maintain the charge neutrality. It is found that the net spin moment at the Nd site is antiparallel to that at Ni and Fe sites. The orbital magnetic moment (deduced from the difference of magnetic Compton and total magnetization data) is also discussed.


Poliheuristic Theory and Alliance Dependence: Understanding Military Coalitions. (May 2010) Joon Guan Park, B.A., University of Calgary; M.A., Yonsei University Co-Chairs of Advisory Committee: Dr. Alex Mintz Dr. John Robertson This dissertation examines an increasingly common phenomenon in the postCold War context, the military coalition. At the heart of the dissertation is thus the question: what explains political leaders' participation and burden-sharing decisions on military coalitions? In tackling the question, two distinct lines of research were brought together; the one based on alliances, the other based on foreign policy decision making. Based on the two lines of research, an explanatory framework was developed that combined the insights of alliance dependence thesis and poliheuristic theory. A set of hypotheses was derived and tested, utilizing a multimethod approach: statistical, case study, and experimental analyses. Overall, the results of applying the multimethod approach is suggestive of the strength of the poliheuristic theory, with a supporting role of alliance dependence thesis, in understanding participation and burden-sharing decisions on military coalitions. Moreover, though in large part the second Iraq War (2003 -) was used as the reference in much of the dissertation, an implicit underlying claim of the current research is that the findings may be extended to any broad context wherein the development of a military coalition may be a possibility.


Animal health economics is a relatively new discipline emerged during 1990s. This is becoming more and more important as an aid to decision making on animal health interventions at various levels. It concerned with quantification of economic impacts of the diseases, developing methods for optimizing decisions on animal health and determining the profitability of specific disease control and health management programmed. This paper reviews the available literature on the subject. Some authors conceive animal health economics as a discipline that makes use of concepts, procedures and data to support the decision-making process. Most of the economic benefit can be expressed in monetary terms, economic analysis of animal diseases and intervention strategies, including the efficiency and equity of veterinary interventions. Animal health economics can involve spatial time dimensions. Several basic influences on animal health are worthy of study from an economics point of view. These include genetics, the environmental conditions encountered by animals, their nutrition (including the availability to them of water and its quality) and their comfort. Keywords : Animal health, Decision making, Economics.


When X and Y have independent exponential distributions, we develop a Bayesian testing procedure for the ratio of two quantiles under reference prior. The noninformative prior such as reference prior is usually improper which yields a calibration problem that makes the Bayes factor to be defined up to a multiplicative constant. So we develop a Bayesian testing procedure based on fractional Bayes factor and intrinsic Bayes factor. We show that the posterior density under the reference prior is proper and propose the Bayesian testing procedure for the ratio of two quantiles using fractional Bayes factor and intrinsic Bayes factor. Simulation study and a real data example are provided.


The present invention discloses a protein rich in selenium, zinc, calcium-rich purple potato compound nutritional rice grains, rice protein content of the complex health ≥10%, selenium content ≥1mg / kg, zinc content ≥2000mg / kg, Ca content ≥500mg / 100g, wherein the purple flour selenium, zinc, by the use of selenium-enriched calcium, zinc, calcium enriched selenium-enriched obtained cultivation method, zinc, calcium and konjac purple potato raw material rich in selenium, zinc, calcium and konjac flour obtained, bean flour and edible mushroom powder from natural protein raw beans and edible fungi raw material is obtained. This rice nutrition and health care not only contain the active ingredient purple sweet potato, and further increased the content of selenium and anthocyanins, also contains zinc, calcium, high protein nutritional health effects, rich in vitamins, polysaccharides, trace elements and dietary fiber, can provide a comprehensive and balanced nutrition, promote growth and development, enhance physical fitness, improve immune function and physical health.


Background: This two-arm, parallel, pragmatic, multicenter, clinical randomized, controlled trial with a 12-week follow-up period aimed to compare the effectiveness of pharmacopuncture therapy and physical therapy strategies for chronic neck pain. Methods: Eight sessions of pharmacopuncture therapy or physical therapy were administered within 2 weeks. The primary outcome was the visual analogue scale (VAS) score for neck pain. The secondary outcomes were the scores of the Northwick Park questionnaire (NPQ), VAS score for radiating arm pain, numeric rating scale (NRS) for neck and arm bothersomeness, neck disability index (NDI), patient global impression of change (PGIC), 12-item short form health survey (SF-12), and EuroQoL 5-dimension 5-level (EQ-5D-5L) instrument. The protocol was registered with Clinicaltrials.gov (NCT04035018) and CRIS (KCT0004243). Results: We randomly allocated 101 participants with chronic neck pain to the pharmacopuncture therapy (n = 50) or physical therapy group (n = 51). At the primary endpoint (week 5) the pharmacopuncture therapy group showed significantly superior effects regarding VAS score for neck pain and arm bothersomeness, NRS for neck pain, NDI, NPQ, and PGIC compared with the physical therapy group. These effects were sustained up to 12 weeks after follow-up. Conclusion: Compared with physical therapy, pharmacopuncture therapy had superior effects on the pain and functional recovery of patients with chronic neck pain.


Objective To optimize the extraction process of ligustilide in Radix Angelicae sinensis and Rhizoma chuanxiong.Methods The HPLC assay method was established to determine the content of ligustilide(LD) in the solution extracted,and the extraction process of LD with alcohol was studied and optimized by the orthogonal design.Results and Conclusion Ligustilide was well isolated with a mobile phase of methanol-H 2O-HOAc(V∶V∶V=75.0∶24.8∶0.2); the optimum extraction process was adding 8 times amount of 85%(φ)alcohol,refluxing and extracting for 3 times, 1.0 h each time.


Abstract In the biomedical products industry, measures of the quality of individual clinical specimens or manufacturing production units are often available in the form of high-dimensional data such as continuous recordings obtained from an analytical instrument. These recordings are then examined by experts in the field who extract certain features and use these to classify individuals. To formalize and quantify this procedure, an approach for extracting features from recordings based on nonparametric regression is described. These features are then used to build a classification model that incorporates the knowledge of the expert. The procedure is illustrated with the problem of grading of syringes from associated friction profile data. Features of the syringe friction profiles used in the classification are extracted via smoothing splines, and grades of the syringes are assigned by an expert tribologist. A nonlinear classification model is constructed to predict syringe grades based on the extracted fe...


The invention discloses a water spray and static shoot-down type locust phototaxis trapping device. The water spray and static shoot-down type locust phototaxis trapping device comprises an induction light source system, an electrode installation system, a system support, a water spray system, a static percussion system, a trapping box body and a negative pressure draught fan. The induction light source system is supported against and fixed to a transparent glass lower sealing plate through a light source support. The induction light source system is arranged in a transparent glass cover. A protection cover is fixed to the upper portion of a transparent glass upper sealing plate through a suspension support. The water spray system is mainly composed of a water suction pump, a connecting pipeline and a spray nozzle. The water spray and static shoot-down type locust phototaxis trapping device has the advantages of being reasonable in structure, good in trapping effect, low in cost, high in adaptability and the like, can trap disaster locusts at fixed points, and can conduct wide-range movable wasteland and grassland locust induction trapping in regions where locust disasters break out.


Results are presented of new CCD photometric observations conducted at the 2.2-m ESO/MPI telescopes at La Silla of stars in the field of the LMC cluster NGC 2004, which include B, V photometry for more than 1500 objects. A new color-magnitude (CM) diagram is presented, showing a well-defined blue sequence (BS) of H-burning stars, running from V of about 21 mag up to V of about 13 mag; a group of cluster He-burning red supergiants with V of about 13 mag; and a clump of field red giants at V of about 19 mag. Theoretical evolutionary computations covering the range of massive stars evolving in the cluster were found to match the observed CM diagram under condition that a low-efficiency luminosity function is adopted. A comparison of the theoretical luminosity function with the upper portion of the observed BS distribution indicates a cluster age of about 8 million years. 30 refs.


Due to high error of positioning in the uneven distribution of wireless sensor network node for the DV-Hop algorithm,an improvement for the DV-Hop algorithm is presented.The main idea of this improvement is to use the received signal strength indicator measurement technique to increase the anchor nodes;then,the concept of "region of existence possibility "is introduced under certain constraints,especially,the area of"region of existence possibility"is regarded as the objective function of optimization problem,which is solved by using the nonlinear conjugate gradient method to approach the position of a unknown node,to minimum the node positioning error.Simulation result shows a 5%to 10%increase in positioning accuracy under the impact of different node communication radius and anchor node ratio,which validated the improvement.


Abstract: We used flow cytometry to explore the relationship between platelet volume and anti‐platelet autoantibodies in 71 patients with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP). An increase in platelet volume was found more frequently in patients with a platelet count of less than 20000/μl. Platelet volume was larger in patients without anti‐GPIIb/IIIa autoantibodies than in patients with these autoantibodies. Furthermore, the platelet count was significantly lower in patients without anti‐GIIb/IIIa autoantibodies than in the patients with these autoantibodies. There was a positive correlation between a large platelet volume in patients with a platelet count of less than 30000/μl and high platelet‐associated IgM levels. These results suggest that the platelet volume is related to the severity of thrombocytopenia in ITP.


Unnecessary synonymization of Scrobipalpa nitentella (FUCHS) and S. indignella (STGR.) with Scrobipalpa obseletela (F. v. R.) is rejected and evidence is brought that these three species differ in many manifestations (morphology, ecology, distribution). Polemic discussion on the genus Scrobipalpa is refused, because a monograph of this genus is prepared.


The article reviews the scientific basis of the study of the export potential of agricultural enterprises in the region and the сomparison of methodological approaches research potential. The analysis of the volume and structure of exports of agricultural and food products made by the trade community Zhytomyr region. Suggestions to apply the dynamic analysis of export potential aggregate agricultural enterprises in the region on the basis of competitive advantage.


The article explores some of the ways in which work placement that accompanies or follows academic instruction may contribute to stimulating trainee translators' professional development. Inspired by general and profession-specific concepts and components of expertise proposed by researchers in the field of cognitive sciences and translation studies as well as her own experience as a translator, translation trainer, and work placement mentor, the author presents some of her observations and preliminary highlights of her ongoing research to emphasise how individualised support for trainees' conscious effort in the course of work placement in a translation company may help novice translators hone their skills and at the same time assume responsibility for their own development, thus empowering them and setting them on track to become experts. In her considerations, the author refers to the minimal concept of translation expertise propounded by Muñoz Martín (2014) and to the notion of deliberate practice as posited by Ericsson et al. (1993) to propose how deliberate practice may be implemented as one of the significant elements of translation work placement in a student-centred course of learning, where various aspects of the actual workplace setting contribute to increased readiness for conscious effort in trainees. This paper may prove of use to translator trainers as well as work placement mentors/coordinators, both on the part of the academic institution, and within the organisation accepting trainees, when they shape or revise their curricula or work placement agendas.


Ventricular tachycardias differ in their clinical course and prognosis, as this group includes arrhythmias of diverse etiologies. Idiopathic ventricular tachycardias have good prognosis and catheter ablation is an alternative for long-term antiarrhythmic drug treatment. In some patients, sophisticated mapping systems and approaches (pericardial and surgical) have to be used. Ventricular tachycardias related to structural heart disease are more difficult to ablate due to the diffuse character of underlying disease and in most cases with ventricular dysfunction, an option to use an implantable cardioverter–defibrillator should be considered. Recent studies have shown that implantable cardioverter–defibrillators are the only effective option for secondary prevention of sudden cardiac death. Primary prevention of sudden cardiac death is most effective when an implantable cardioverter–defibrillator is implanted; however, this approach is costly and needs elaborating criteria for risk stratification. Optimal treatment of underlying heart disease and correction of risk factors will help to decrease the number of patients suffering from VTs and dying suddenly.


Modal finite element analysis(FEA)is an effective mean for identifying the dynamic performance of vehicle structure.A FEA modal analysis model based on shell elements was built for obtaining the dynamic characteristics of the structure of a heavy truck frame.Modal parameters of the frame under free conditions were obtained from the modal analysis using FEA Software NASTRAN.Meanwhile,the excitation caused by the unbalance of the wheel and drive shaft was analyzed.The structure dynamic performance of the frame was evaluated.The results showed that the exciting frequency caused by the unbalance of the wheel and drive shaft under different speed was closed to the first torsional vibration frequency,double frequency,the firsttransverse bending torsional vibration frequency and the 11th to 18th vibration frequency of the frame,which caused the of the frame.The research provided reference for the further improvement of frame structure.


The European Anthropological Association (EAA) was created in 1976. It is a scientific organization, which aims to promote research and teaching in anthropology in the different European countries and to promote ex-changes of information, workshops, scientific congresses, and schools at the post graduate level. It attempts to bring together and generate synergy among people, institutions and organizations, which have shared interests in education in Anthropology. The EAA has more than 500 regular members from about 30 European and sev-eral non-European countries. A newsletter is distributed among all members two or three times a year. The EAA has also published a Biennial Book series since 1998. A congress of the EAA is arranged every two years in a different European host city. The first Intensive Course in Biological Anthropology Summer School was held at Charles University in Prague last summer. The EAA membership fee for regular member is not fixed; rather the fee has three levels based on the economic status of individual countries.


The study investigated possible effects of recording/playback technique and experimental method on assessments of annoyance, loudness and unpleasantness. A possible effect of exposure duration was also studied. Sounds were recorded with two different techniques: monophonic and binaural (dummy‐head technique). In addition, they were reproduced with three different techniques: monophonic recordings presented through a loudspeaker system, binaural recordings presented through closed (circum‐aural) and completely open (free‐of‐the‐ear headphones. The study adopted three psychometric methods for collecting responses from test‐subjects. Fifty‐four subjects participated, and three types of sounds were used: everyday restaurant sound, road traffic sound and ventilation sound dominated by low frequencies. Each sound was played back at three different levels. The results show that there is no significant main effect of recording and playback technique for any of the three perceptual attributes; however, significant...


The central claim made for CAT (cognitive analytic therapy) is that it seeks to offer a comprehensive understanding of human psychology and involves therapists in forming real, clearly defined and therapeutically powerful relationships with their patients. In this respect it is a 'psychodynamic' theory and is clearly differentiated from CBT (cognitive behavioural therapy). Understanding the immense complexity of human psychological processes needs to be based on an understanding of their development. CBT provides a model of learning but takes little account of early development and its effects upon psychological structures. CAT, in contrast, revised object relations theories in ways that sought to eliminate unverifiable assertions about 'the unconscious' and were consistent with observational studies of early development. The current CAT model of personality emphasizes that human infants are genetically predisposed to be socially formed to a far greater degree than any other animal. They show active emotional engagement with others from birth, communicating through behaviour, expressive sounds, gestures, rhythms and imitation (Trevarthen, 2001). Over the first few years they increasingly demonstrate the highly developed human capacity to make and use symbols. A child's unique inherited temperamental characteristics will influence its interaction with others, notably with those in its particular family. The repetition over time of early patterns of interaction are seen to initiate a unique repertoire of reciprocal role procedures (RRPs). RRPs are reiterated sequences of perception, thinking, affects and action linked to the expected or elicited responses of others. Their enactments are accompanied by communication which increasingly involves pre-linguistic signs and, eventually, by language. Self processes and the self-conscious


An approach to propulsion subsystem technology is presented. Various tests of component reliability are described to aid in the production of better quality vehicles. component characterization work is described to provide engineering data to manufacturers on component performance and on important component propulsion system interactions.


Summary Vertical and horizontal profiles of gaseous hydrogen chloride have been measured in the Mediterranean Region in early September 1981. The samples were collected over the Mediterranean Sea and over north eastern Spain between 0.1 and 7 km altitude on December, the 6th and 8th 1981 and along the eastern coast of the Iberian Peninsula at an altitude of 370 m on December, the 5th 1981. During the flight on December, the 5th parallel to some of the HCl samples whole air samp les were also collected and analyzed for CO, CO 2 and several light hydrocarbons.


All papers published in this volume have been reviewed through processes administered by the Editors. Reviews were conducted by expert referees to the professional and scientific standards expected of a proceedings journal published by IOP Publishing. • Type of peer review: Double Anonymous • Conference submission management system: System organized by the conference committee • Number of submissions received: 594 • Number of submissions sent for review: 594 • Number of submissions accepted: 386 • Acceptance Rate (Submissions Accepted / Submissions Received × 100): 65 • Average number of reviews per paper: 2 • Total number of reviewers involved: 148 • Contact person for queries: Name: Denis B. Solovev Email: email@example.com Affiliation: Far Eastern Federal University


Background: One of the most common complications of diabetes in the lower extremity is the diabetic foot ulceration (DFU). Objective: To identify the determinants of the risk for diabetic foot ulceration (DFU) in terms of peripheral neuropathy (PN) or peripheral vascular disease (PVD) among a sample of diabetic foot patients. Methods: A cross sectional study included 100 diabetic foot patients attending Sohag University Hospital for follow up during the period from January 2009 to January 2010. They were subjected to complete medical history taking and thorough clinical examination. Diabetic Neuropathy Symptoms (DNS) along with the Diabetic Neuropathy Examination (DNE) scores were used together to define and assess PN. PVD diagnosis was based on identification of claudication pain symptoms; absent or weak foot pulses on palpation of the dorsalis pedis and/or the tibialis posterior arteries; coldness of skin; and finally confirmed by arterial doppler of lower limbs. Results: The mean age of the patients was 57.92 ± 9.2 years; 65% were males and 79% lived in rural areas. The majority (79%) had type 2 DM with mean disease-duration of 13.4 ± 6.9 years. Fifty percent of the study patients were smokers and ex-smokers, 33% were hypertensive and 24% had previous history of foot ulceration or amputation. Male gender, old age, low socioeconomic status, smoking, hypertension, type 2 DM, long duration of DM, uncontrolled DM, and previous history of foot ulceration, amputation or other diabetic complications were all significant determinants of PN and PVD; two major risk factors of DFU.


This thesis explores the representation of coma within contemporary fiction and non-fiction, including Irvine Welsh's Marabou Stork Nightmares, Alex Garland's The Coma, Stephen King's The Dead Zone, Iain Banks's The Bridge, Tom McCarthy's Remainder and Jeff Malmberg's documentary-film Marwencol. Initially examining these representations of coma through the lens of 'trauma theory', I examine how it is frequently depicted as a purely psychological trauma, often ignoring the physical consequences of brain injury and the impact this can have upon the patient's identity. During the course of my investigation, I draw links between diverse theoretical fields rooted in literary criticism, philosophy, classics and medicine, creating my own critical framework against which representations of coma can be critiqued and which allows me to explore both authors' and audiences' fascination with the condition. Ultimately, I examine how misrepresentations have led to the proliferation of confusion and misinformation surrounding coma within the public arena and I look at the potential damage that this has for the real 'survivors'. My approach is focused on close-reading, drawing out comparisons between archetypal tropes, common in depictions of coma, that have led to the condition being conflated with others states or disorders of consciousness (from the sleep and dream-states, to the chronic disorder of consciousness, the persistent vegetative state), which further contributes to the overall distortion of public perceptions of the condition. As part of my research, I have run a writing group, the members of which are all survivors of coma and brain injury. I have published collections of their work and I draw on this resource of first-person testimony to critique fictional misrepresentations. In doing so, I have produced an addition to the field of trauma-narrative analysis, examining a medical condition that, whilst depicted frequently in literature and the media, has remained largely unexplored within the sphere of literary analysis.


In the present paper we experimentally investigate the effects of load and sliding speed on the friction coefficient and wear properties of pin of Al 7075-Fly Ash composite material on Pin on Disc apparatus. Composites are most successful materials used for recent works in the industry. Metal composites possess significantly improved properties including hardness and wear resistance compared to alloys or any other metal. Hence composites with fly ash with Al 7075 as reinforcement are optimizes the different physical and mechanical properties which widely used in the automotive and space craft applications.


Following up on a faint detection of a near-infrared (NIR) source at the position of the X-ray thermal isolated neutron star RX J0806.4–4123, we present new Hubble Space Telescope observations in the H-band. The NIR source is unambiguously detected with a Vega magnitude of 23.7 ± 0.2 (flux density of 0.40 ± 0.06 μJy at λ = 1.54 μm). The source position is coincident with the neutron star position, and the implied NIR flux is strongly in excess of what one would expect from an extrapolation of the optical-UV spectrum of RX J0806.4–4123. The NIR source is extended, with a size of at least 0.″8, and shows some asymmetry. The conservative upper limit on the flux contribution of a point source is 50%. Emission from gas and dust in the ambient diffuse interstellar medium can be excluded as a cause for the extended emission. The source parameters are consistent with an interpretation as either the first NIR-only detected pulsar wind nebula or the first resolved disk around an isolated neutron star.


DePauw University is a selective, liberal arts institution with 2,350 undergraduate residential students located in Greencastle, Indiana. In the fall of 2004, top managers in the Library and Information Services department came up with the idea of forming Creative Action Teams to address issues and concerns they saw within the department. The Creative Action Team program was to fulfill two major objectives for the department. The first objective was to build continuous communication and collaboration between the individual departments within Library and Information Services. The second objective was to give dynamic teams a chance to create and implement a systematic process in order to reach a desired goal.The following topics will be discussed in this paper: 1. Upper management's development of the process for each Creative Action Team to follow - a process that would be clear enough to guide the teams in the right direction, yet loose enough to encourage the creative energies of the individual team members. 2. The impact participation on the Creative Action Teams has had on staff members from a variety of backgrounds, experiences and responsibilities. 3. Issues team members faced during their participation on the teams. 4. Management's response to the recommendations developed by the teams, including suggestions that have been implemented. 5. Future plans or next steps in the program.Although it is too early to be able to provide a bottom-line evaluation of the program, we will offer formative feedback and convey our thoughts as to whether this first round of the Creative Action Team program is viewed as a success or failure.


Physicians often explore ovarian cysts surgically in postmenopausal women because of concern about malignancy. This Swedish study reviewed the outcomes over eight years of patients with simple cysts. The authors identified …


In this paper, we present neuromorphic system with built-in temporal control that allows the implementation of transient mechanisms and homeostatic regulation. Due to the interaction between conductance delay and plasticity rules, the network is forming a set of neuronal groups with time-locked, reproducible, and precise firing patterns. Experimental results obtained in 65 nm CMOS technology illustrate the feasibility of the methodology.


ABSTRACT A standardized measure of healthfulness of foods, like the Healthy Eating Index (HEI), is particularly important for hunger relief agencies as they serve at-risk clients. The objective of this study is to compare applications in the food shelf setting of the HEI-2005 and HEI-2010 and discuss discrepancies broadly and in the food shelf context. Invoices for foods ordered by 273 food shelves during 2013 were obtained from 2 large Minnesota food banks. Both HEI editions were calculated using the same set of foods. The average total HEI-2005 score (69.3) and the average total HEI-2010 score (62.6) were significantly different (P < .0001). Both food shelves' total average score falls into the category "needs improvement." Our findings have practical and research implications in food shelf settings and other environments.


Eustachian valve is an embryonic endocardial heart structure; after birth it becomes an embryogenic residue and its persistance in adult life is unusual. The literature reports some cases of association between Eustachian valve and PFO and is known that the prominent Eustachian valve can represent a way facilitating systemic embolism.Several studies also investigated the role of Eustachian valve in the pathophysiology of both migraine and cerebral embolism. In addiction is known how Eustachian valve may increase the risk of endocarditis, which mostly affects intravenous drug abusers or those with implanted medical devices or central venous catheters. The most commonly identified organism is Staphylococcus aureus (approximately 53% of cases). We present a case of a 46-year-old woman with known migraine. She was hospitalized in Stroke Unit for a cryptogenic stroke with a right-to-left shunt detected with transcranial doppler ultrasound with "bubble test" and a patent foramen ovale with right-to-left shunt with a fenestration of atrial septum and a voluminous Eustachian valve detected with transesophageal echocardiography; she developed fever with a blood cultures positive for methicillin-resis- tant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), even if without evidence of endocarditis vegetations. In summary, the objective of our paper is to present an example of a correlation between the persistence of the Eustachian valve with bothcryptogenetic stroke, possible valve infection and migraine.


The article is about Valery Brusov's evaluation of centuries-old armenian poetry - both general characteristics and views of the works of individual poets. It is clear that many of Brusov's estimations are unique with deep insight of Armenian poetry. they have not lost the scientific and critical value a century later and are relevant today


Objective: To provide suggestions for the promotion of assistance and education of students in poverty by comparing the consumption structure and consumption view between students in poverty and other students in Bengbu Medical College. Methods: A questionnaire survey was performed among 634 students( 187 students in poverty,447 other students) at college randomly selected from different grades in a medical college,with interviews given to them. Results: Most students' monthly expenses ranged from 300 yuan to 600 yuan,and there were significant differences in monthly expense,food expense and Engel coefficient( except for Engel coefficient of students in poverty) among the students at different expense ranges( P 0. 05). Most students' Engel coefficient is above 50 %. The SPSS statistical analysis of students' consumption structure showed that the living consumption of students in poverty was higher than that of the other students,reaching 82. 2 %,and that communication and entertainment consumption is lower than that of the other students,9. 7 % and 6. 3 %,respectively. Conclusions: College students should be guided to establish a reasonable consumption structure and scientific consumption view so that a solid foundation could be laid for the assistance and education of the students in poverty.


Maximum power point tracking (MPPT) technique with improved current feedback has been proposed for solar photo-voltaic system in this work. A proportional integral derivative (PID) type controller with online set-point adjustment has been designed. The parameters of PID controller have been tuned using relay tuning method. Performance of this technique has been compared with perturb and observe (P & O) method of maximum power point tracking (MPPT). Matlab/Simulink model of solar photo-voltaic system and boost converter with proposed maximum power point tracking (MPPT) technique and perturb and observe maximum power point tracking (MPPT) technique has been designed. Simulation results showed the superiority of proposed method for tracking maximum power point (MPP) under rapidly varying solar radiations as compared to P & O maximum power point tracking (MPPT) technique.


The goal of the Core Technical Framework study is to define a framework that promotes secure, multinational distributed simulation. The main domains targeted are Training, Simulation Based Acquisition (SBA), Concept Development and Experimentation (CD&E). The framework benefits from, and can be easily integrated with, Enterprise Architecture Frameworks descriptions compliant to NAF and MODAF.

This paper will describe a Service Framework for Distributed Simulations in a net centric environment, enabling a closer integration of heterogeneous simulation architectures, simulation assets and support for automation of Exercise management. By using a service paradigm for distributed simulations, assets and functionalities may be packaged and reused. As an example, a federate may be reused and shared by different federations and different stakeholders.


Sales of herbal medicines are booming. This is particularly true in the United States, where the market for herbal supplements is now approaching $4bn a year. The fastest growth has been recorded for St John's wort, a herbal antidepressant whose sales increased in one year by 2800%.1 Faced with such figures doctors are inclined to ask where the evidence is. Are there rigorous trials to show that herbal treatments work?

Single studies are unlikely to convince sceptics, but an increasing body of evidence is now emerging from systematic reviews and meta-analyses of randomised clinical trials. These suggest that some herbal medicines are efficacious. The increased demand for St John's wort, for instance, was triggered by press reports of a meta-analysis of 23 randomised trials of 1757 patients with mild or moderate depression. The authors concluded that extracts of hypericum were significantly more effective than placebo (odds ratio 2.67; 95% confidence interval 1.78 to 4.01) and as effective as conventional antidepressants (odds ratio 1.10; 93 to 1.31) in alleviating the symptoms of mild to moderate depression.2 Since this article was published, at least …


Because of the cost and complexity of building bespoke service management systems, telecommunications management developers are moving toward the use of off-the-shelf componentware to satisfy their management requirements. However, a crucial problem with such an approach is the ability to integrate components to realise integrated management solutions. This paper identifies the technology requirements for the development of systems which support telecoms management business processes which are constructed from reusable components. It sets out requirements on component integration technologies that are expected to be key to the development of future operational support systems. The current status of relevant component integration technologies is reviewed in the context of these requirements. The paper oudines two telecommunications management case studies which are being conducted to evaluate these integration technologies. The paper draws some conclusions about the relative merits of the different technologies examined and make some suggestions for further work.


As the amount of peer-reviewed articles in public health and biomedicine continues to soar, scientists struggle to keep up new findings, even in narrow areas of expertise. Satisfied that an information retrieval system can identify a set of relevant articles; scientists now face the challenge of how to aggregate information from within the retrieved set. My dissertation will explore (1) how scientists in medicine and public health currently use biomedical literature in their work, specifically to identify new treatments or risk factors associated with a medical condition (2) the information requirements implied by their work practices, and (3) the development of computer systems that provide the required functionality. I have observed that scientists in medicine and public health follow a process that I call information synthesis (IS). This process can be characterized by three distinct phases: collecting medical literature, extracting information from that literature and analyzing the extracted facts. The goal of my dissertation is to enable scientists to conduct this process faster and more comprehensively than current manual approaches allow. My semi-automated approach will also enable scientists to reduce the effect of publication bias by incorporating a broader search strategy. My work complements existing retrieval systems by focusing on the extraction and integration phases of the IS process. I will demonstrate my approach by exploring the relationship between smoking and breast cancer. This relationship is important to scientists in public health because the currently known risk factors of breast cancer explain only 50% of the occurrences of the disease. Underpinning my approach is a modular design to support scientists in their exploration of other risk factors that may be associated with breast cancer.


Niobium films on the single crystal substrate have been studied. The films of thicknesses less than 5 nm, 5nm, 15 nm and 400 nm were deposited onto sapphire (001) surface by mean of the cathodic arc in UHV conditions [1-3]. Energy of incoming Nbions in the range of tens electronovolts and substrate temperature about 200°C are distinctive characteristics of that deposition method. The aim of performed XRD studies was to recognize the structural forms of Nb film formed in the early stages of growth. The measurements were preformed at the wiggler beamline W1 using the photon energy 8048 eV corresponding to the wavelength λ = 0.15406 nm (Cu Kα1 characteristic line).


This paper discusses the institutional arrangement of a new policy created in 2012 by the Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation (MSTI) to foster entrepreneurship and innovation: the "Start-Up Brasil" (SUB) program. The policy tries to bring together private firms focused on business assistance and on venture capital (accelerators) and small firms of the information technology field that lack finance and business expertise (start-ups). Based on the functional and descriptive analyzes of the SUB, I discuss how this policy differs from other state actions described by the literature in Brazil and creates incentives for the private sector through the coordination of different public institutions. I also analyze why the policy has one "Chief Operating Officer" and how this is connected to debates on post-Weberian bureaucracies and governance models of public management. In the final part of the paper I identify new questions for further research regarding the democratic control of the policy, the inequalities between accelerators and start-ups and the long-term impacts of this type of public support.


Abstract The current economic crisis challenges the constitutive rules of global finance. Despite its various roots, dynamics, and consequences, the current reform debate is surprisingly limited in scope: it focuses on possible changes of Basle II and thus banking regulation only. This article suggests that the reason for this 'gap' can be found in the idea of asymmetric information. The idea that the asymmetric dispersion of information is the 'real' cause of the crisis is reiterated constantly in public documents. However, the argument rests upon two assumptions: that crises are exogenous to otherwise efficient and stable markets, and that finance is an autonomous field where the primary focus of the current reform can then concentrate on its laws. It is thought that it is enough to reform financial markets to stabilise the global economy. This article suggests that this belief is utterly misguided and argues that a more comprehensive picture of the current turmoil needs to abandon exactly these two assumptions. To pursue such an avenue, this article provids an interpretation of Hayek's social theory.


– The paper discusses a diagnostic intelligent system based on object oriented paradigm. The aim of this research work is to investigate the object rule integration model and construct an object oriented system that incorporates logic rules in such a way that the user can able to update the rules without changing the method functions of the object model. The system uses knowledge representation structures based on declarative knowledge which is most suitable for fault diagnosis process. The knowledge acquisition process is automated so that the domain expert can easily encode their knowledge by themselves. The diagnostic knowledge is distributed in three categories such as, fault classification, knowledge related to causes of the fault and check knowledge. First the fault is classified and then causes for a fault are identified just like human expert does. The check knowledge is used to match the observed symptoms with related types of the knowledge objects in the knowledge base. The main objective of the diagnostic system is to carry out the fault diagnosis process more intelligently and in flexible order with minimum time. The User interface is developed using visual programming aspects which shows graphically the diagnostic process carried out. The user interface permits the user to enter symptoms as and when required by the system or it will fetch online status of the control signals form the unit under test. The present system is very much suitable for fault diagnosis in microcontroller based systems and can also be used for fault diagnosis in embedded systems or related systems by updating the knowledge base appropriately


3344 Arts, J . and N. van Beurden, Coud en Celoof: de invloed van de grondmijnbouw en de lending op het moderne imperialisme in Celebes 1880-1915. Utrecht (Rijksuniversiteit) 1982, 146 pp. This MA Thesis (Utrecht University) combines two important aspects of the Dutch penetration into Sulawesi about 1900, to wit the goldmines and the missions. The first part deals with the history of the goldmines, their organisation and their confrontation with the local society in North Sulawesi. The second part studies the position of the missionaries who came to Central Sulawesi from ca. 1885. The missionary "big man" was A.C. Kruyt, to whom the authors devote much attention, since he can be seen as a mediator between mission, government and industry. Amidst of these missionary and industrial developments there also was the last and decisive military penetration by the Dutch in 19041906. This expedition is discussed and in a final chapter an assessment is given of government policy and missions in Sulawesi from 1880-1915. The thesis includes 4 appendices and a summary in Bahasa Indonesia. It can be consulted in the library of the Algemeen Rijksarchief, The Hague.


The present invention provides an amino acid humic acid organic and inorganic compound mixing fertilizer and a production method thereof. The fertilizer comprises the following raw materials, by weight, 1-2 parts of amino acid, 22-25 parts of humic acid, 22-24 parts of urea, 10-12 parts of monoammonium phosphate, 10-12 parts of ammonium chloride, 18-20 parts of the potassium sulfate, 3-5 parts of potassium fulvate, 5-7 parts of calcium powder and 0.5 parts of sodium nitrophenolate. The amino acid humic acid organic and inorganic compound mixing fertilizer of the present invention has the following advantages that: active ingredient content is high, the fertilizer is easily absorbed by crops, organic matters in soil are increased and refreshed, and physical and chemical properties of soil are improved.


Advanced basal cell carcinoma is a term whose frequency of usage has increased recently, in part, due to the introduction of the Hedgehog pathway inhibitor, vismodegib. Advanced basal cell carcinoma (aBCC) is comprised of two subtypes of BCC associated with significant morbidity and mortality, locally advanced BCC (laBCC) and metastatic BCC (metBCC).


To examine the status of bioelectric activity of brain 152 children with tic disorders aged 3 to 16 years old were surveyed. EEG of children with tics in different age subgroups and subgroups with different clinical forms of tics were compared. Alpha-rhythm reduction prevailed (104 cases 68,4 %), that indicates a decrease of functional condition of the cortex. In 48,7 % of cases (74 patients) on the EEG records of children with tics high-amplitude dominant beta-rhythm was registered. Frequency of identification of high-amplitude beta-rhythm in children with tics decreases with age and is in direct proportion to the extent of tic disorder that confirms the diagnostic value of this indicator. The changes of bioelectric activity of brain detected in children with tics indicate delayed cortical rhythms maturation and allow detecting deficiency of controlling influence of brain cortex on subcortical structures as a factor of tic disorder pathogenesis.


We report on the photoluminescence (PL) spectra of ZnO nanorod (NR) films prepared by using the room-temperature solution-process method. Without any post-annealing process, the PL spectra of ZnO NR films exhibit a strong near-band-edge peak in UV region even at room temperature while the deep-level (DL) peak in the visible region is almost suppressed. The temperaturedependent PL measurement shows that the donor-bound exciton peaks are strongly observed at the lowest temperatures. The red-shift of the DL peak with decreasing temperature indicates that the origin of the DL emission might be related with the oxygen vacancy.


Misidentifications are an important but neglected problem in studies on plant invasions. This review shows how taxonomic education of staff and stakeholders is of great importance for correctly assessing threats provoked by alien plant species in field and literature based studies. Four randomly chosen recent examples (Digitaria violascens, Eleocharis pellucida, Juncus dichotomus and Vicia dalmatica) from Europe demonstrate that, as a result of an initial erroneous identification and/or confusion with similar harmless species, potentially noxious environmental weeds have been able to become fully naturalised. They act as "invaders in disguise" and therefore constitute a real problem for conservation management.


We introduce a new norm and a new K-functional Kφλ(f;t)w,λ. Using this K-functional, direct and inverse approximation theorems for the Baskakov operators with the Jacobi-type weight are obtained in this paper.


The goal of this study is to design the tensioner to the jig for measuring the electrical pro-perties of rubber, which is capable of stretching a sample to 400 % of its original length for the measurement of its parameters during mechanical loading. The theoretical part was to outline the issue conductivity rubbers including its impacts.


Starting from the q-discrete form of the Painleve VI equation we obtain its degenerate forms by applying the procedure of coalescence of singularities. The whole cascade of degenerate forms is thus obtained leading to new forms for the discrete Painleve IV and V equations. The Lax pairs of these discrete Painleve equations are explicitly constructed, thus confirming their integrability.


To evaluate if there is any consistent relationship between the expression of intermediate filament proteins (IFP), particularly keratins, and the degree of malignancy of prostatic cancer cells, a series of nine Dunning rat prostatic cancer sublines that span the entire spectrum of progression of prostatic cancer were studied immunocytochemically by the use of a variety of antibodies specific for keratins, vimentin, or desmin. For the keratin studies, monoclonal antibodies with either a general reactivity to several keratins or highly specific for either luminal or basal epithelial cells of the normal rat prostate were used.


This paper discusses medium-sized towns focusing in a specific axis of medium-sized towns in the Portuguese urban system context. Departing from a macro-analysis based in two studies an European and a Portuguese, a micro-analysis will be carried out for a specific group of three Portuguese towns that are part of the axis Vila Real/Régua/Lamego In the next section, the Portuguese urban system is presented within a global European framework. This presentation is based on a study on the construction of a polycentric and balanced development model for the European territory. In section 3 follows the description of the axis Vila Real/Régua/Lamego according to the following topics as developed by a national report: demography, urban territory, accessibility, transports and communication, environment; construction and housing; integration and social exclusion; economic activities and employment, education, culture and sports, health, urban consumption; local authority dynamics; national and international networks. These analyses foster the understanding of the strengths and weaknesses of the network of the urban centres under study and their different or similar rationales. This approach of global inventory also allows for the identification of the strategies of spatial development to be implemented in order to promote the potential of this axis for standing-out as anchor urban region. The opportunities and limits faced by this specific axis of cities will be evaluated and presented in section 4. There follows a discussion on how medium-sized cities can network effectively and not just based on planners ́ hints followed by political agreement after the supposed ideal solution is put forward. The last section presents some conclusions on the management of urban regions and how it can depart from a global inventory where experiences and new intervention possibilities are shared.


The same dosage of ultraviolet (UV) radiation retards division of several protozoans more effectively when the light is intermittent than when it is continuous, and especially at temperatures of 25–35°C. At lower temperatures the difference between the effects of intermittent and continuous radiations is less marked. Somewhat similar results were obtained with the ciliates Paramecium caudatum, Blepharisma japonicum, and Colpidium colpoda, the disparity between intermittent and continuous light decreasing in the order given. The data are taken to indicate that thermochemical dark reactions succeed the absorption of UV radiations by the cells. In Blepharisma, besides initial delay in division, the cells stop dividing after one or two divisions, a "stasis" ensuing. Stasis is marked when the cells are irradiated at higher temperatures but is slight when they are irradiated at low temperatures, as if the temperature-sensitive reaction involved stasis (in all cases cultures are grown at 25°C). The data are related to findings in the literature.


The past decade has witnessed dramatic progress in our understanding of adhesion receptors. These cell-surface molecules serve a critical role in physiologic inflammatory and immunologic responses as well as in various disease states. The expectation that adhesion receptors might serve as useful therapeutic targets for allergic and autoimmune disease has accompanied progress in the field. Significant strides have been made toward this goal, particularly in animal models of human disease.


A duplex energy storing system which consists of the parallel of leadacid battery and ultra-capacitor combined with a two quadrant DC/DC converter was investigated.Its simplified equivalent circuit model was built,and an energy flow model of the duplex energy storing system was established based on system energy flow.The simulation was carried out under Matlab/Simulink environment,and the hardware-in-loop(HIL) test was accomplished on the regenerative braking system test bench.The result indicates that the reclaimed energy with duplex energy storing system is much larger than that of separated one,and the use of duplex energy storing system is better for optimizing management of regenerative braking.


This study aims to determine the effect of Murabahah Financing and Musyarakah Financing on Profitability with Non Performing Financing (NPF) as a moderating variable. The independent variable used is Murabahah Financing and Musyarakah Financing then the dependent variable used is Profitability which is proxied by Return On Assets (ROA) and the moderating variable used is Non Performing Financing (NPF). This research method uses quantitative research with an associative approach. The sample in this study is Islamic Commercial Banks (BUS) registered with the Financial Services Authority (OJK) in the period between 2017-2021 in the form of panel data. Data were collected by purposive sampling method. A total of 35 samples that can be processed. Research to test the hypothesis by using multiple linear regression test. The data is processed using the Eviews version 12 software application. The results of this study indicate that partially Murabahah financing has a significant effect on profitability, Musyarakah financing has no effect on profitability, Non-Performing Financing (NPF) is able to moderate the relationship between the influence of murabahah financing on profitability, Non-Performing Financing (NPF) ) is able to moderate the relationship between the influence of musharaka financing on profitability. Then simultaneously or jointly Murabahah Financing and Musyarakah Financing have a significant effect on Profitability


apophasis. There is also a very helpful outline of the basic features of the procedure (pp. 143-6). de B. rightly rejects the view that the law of Eucrates was motivated by fear of pro-Macedonian oligarchy. In her opinion the law was passed to limit the increased power of the Ar. during the struggle against Philip II (Lye. Leocr. 52). In the fourth part de B. pursues the history of the Areopagus through the Hellenistic period. Her thorough search through the sources yields a meager harvest of testimonia. de B. realizes there is not enough evidence to warrant firm conclusions, but notes the Ar. continued to exercise its traditional role in religious matters and policing morality. Given the absence of evidence for its role in policing treason, subversion, and official corruption, de B. argues Ar. lost some of its powers in this area as a result of Macedonian domination, but acknowledges the possibility that the lack of evidence may be due more to the nature of our sources. La competence de VAreopage is a revised version of de B.'s 1993 Louvain dissertation and contains many of the strengths and weaknesses of its genre, de B. has done an admirably thorough job of collecting all the evidence for the Areopagus' judicial activities and provides a useful review of modern opinions—these two virtues alone make her monograph a valuable tool for future work. But she occasionally spends too much space discussing opinions that have already been well critiqued by others. The main weakness is reliance on speculation in an attempt to answer old questions, de B. does not pause to consider that new questions need to be asked. And by focusing on the minutiae of judicial procedure, she misses the larger question: Why did a body that rarely intervened in public affairs and that Aristotle considered aristocratic enjoy such enormous prestige in democratic Athens? The paradox of the Areopagus still remains.


The emergence of Smart Homes (SH) has changed a lot our lifestyle. Connecting several objects to provide autonomous objects function is called 'Internet of Things (IoT) technology'. Objects can be connected without any intervention and give remote access to the owners. With technological advancement, SH and many other IoT technologies have greatly expanded. Homes becoming equipped by hundreds of sensors, smart objects and they have connected with other smart application (smart healthcare, smart market, etc.). Indeed, this scalability brought more sophistication and prosperity but in revenge, it has revealed new security threat. Previous security mechanisms are no longer effective due to their centralized architecture. Most of conventional access control systems are limited in term of Wireless sensor network (WSN) constraint (e.g., limited in terms of energy, communication bandwidth and processing). To mitigate this problem and strengthen security of SH we propose a new lightweight system called Smart Home Access Control System (SHSystem) based on blockchain model. In our method, the access control is optimized by using the keys. The system uses two keys one for the registration phase and the second (calculated by using the first key) for verification phase. To ensure the IoT devices requirement, high efficiency and lightweight calculation we use light keys and light operation. Finally, we present simulation of the method in remix editor, and we analyse our approach in term of gas. The obtained results confirm the efficiency of the method for different attacks.


The National Cancer Institute's State Cancer Profiles web site that was launched in mid-April put the power of new graphical tools into the hands of cancer control planners and the public. This paper emphasizes advances in two graphics templates, one heavily used in the web site and one planned for future use. These templates for showing geospatially-indexed statistics address needs that are less well addressed by more conventional maps, such as the representation of estimate uncertainty. The web site and templates both evolved through extensive usability testing of targeted users. The results described in this paper signal highly visible acceptance of the new interactive and dynamic forms of these templates.


Many researches on corruption examined macro factors such decentralization, political democracy, press freedom, and economic freedom, as shown by Lecuna (2012), Alexeef and Habodazzova, (2012) and Goel and Nelson (2005). However, there are limited studies on corruption that examine this topic from organizational approach. The main purpose of this paper is to investigate existing institutional theories describing corrupt behaviour in Asian public sector organizations. A total of 171 questionnaires were distributed to public service officers who were currently enrolled as accounting postgraduate students in both China and Indonesia. The results support the institutional theoretical model used to explain corruption in public sector organizations. However, cultural differences in democracy was not a significant factor on respondent's perception concerning corruptions in both of countries.


The Disaster Unit of the Overseas Development Administration (ODA) responded to the Kurdish refugee crisis in March 1991, with the early dispatch and air dropping of material aid by the RAF. Their chief medical adviser was seconded to coordinate inputs in Turkey and later on the Turkish/Iraqi border. The Minister for Overseas Development herself made an on-site assessment of the scale of the problem in Iran. The international section of the Department of Health instructed its adviser on emergency medicine to explore the feasibility of an NHS response to the crisis. Teams in Manchester, Edinburgh, London, Oxford and Salford confirmed their willingness and ability to respond. The Medic 1 team of accident and emergency doctors and nurses from Edinburgh worked in the safe haven camps on the Turkish/ Iraqi border as part of the wider relief effort to the area. The South Manchester Accident Rescue Team (SMART), meanwhile, after consultation with the ODA, made contact with the Iranian embassy in London and received a request for a medical team on the Iran/Iraq border. With ODA financial support SMART sent a team of six A&E physicians, six nurses, six paramedics and 7.5 t of supplies and equipment to Tehran. The team arrived at 3.00 a.m. local time on Friday 3RD May 1991. The customs warehouse was testimony to the folly of dispatching aid without someone to accompany it to its final destination. With no-one who could recognize it, vouch for it and sign all the papers, it lay by the tonne, sitting on shelves or rotting on the tarmac. The Iranian Red Crescent forwarded the team to Bakteran where it was felt most medical help was needed. In Bakteran other foreign workers were complaining they were being held in the towns and only allowed to visit the refugee camps after long waits for papers and then only for day trips. However, these teams all appeared to be assessors of some kind. The South Manchester Accident Rescue


Leaving aside elliptical coordinations, it is striking that no agreement
has been reached on the structure of basic coordinate constructions. We
propose that:

 coordinate constructions are structurally asymmetric: the conjunction
makes a subconstituent with one of the conjuncts.
 such constituents can have several functions: coordinate daughter,
adjunct daughter or main clause.

In order to show that some conjuncts should be analysed as adjuncts, we
focus on asymmetric cases of coordination, in which the order of the
conjuncts cannot be reversed, taking examples from French, Welsh and Korean.
We present an HPSG analysis which treats the coordinating conjunctions as
weak heads, with lexical subtypes, and coordinate phrases as multi-headed
constructions, with different subtypes.


Abstract This paper presents two different algorithms for parameter estimation of dynamic systems. Both algorithms operate in two stages which are coupled together in a bootstrap manner. The effectiveness of the two algorithms is demonstrated by a suitable numerical example. A case study using real daily maximum temperature data of Delhi is also included.


THE spontaneous magnetization of a ferrimagnet vanishes at the compensation temperature ®c. Near this temperature, there are a number of anomalies in the behavior of the physical properties of ferrimagnets. Thus, inu,aJ a sharp increase of the coercive force was observed near ®c. Laterl2 ' 3J it was found that in polycrystalline gadolinium iron garnets the coercive force He decreases sharply in the direct vicinity of the compensation point itself, as a result of which a splitting of the Hc{T) peak takes place. Rare-earth iron garnets have a large paraprocess magnetization, from the very lowest temperatures to the Curie point, owing to the relatively weak exchange field produced by the iron sublattices and acting on the rare -earth ion l4J . This fact must be taken into account in the analysis of the magnetization-reversal process near ®c, where the spontaneous magnetization is very small. It is shown in this paper that the anomalous behavior of He can be due to the influence of the paraprocess of the rare-earth sublattice under the condition that the magnetization reversal is via uniform rotation. Within the framework of this model, we calculate the hysteresis loops and the temperature dependence of the coercive force. Let us examine the magnetization reversal of a onedomain single crystal. It can be assumed that in rareearth iron garnets, in the region of the point ®c, the magnetization of the "resultant" iron sub lattice does not depend on the magnetic field (i.e., there is no paraprocess) or on the temperature, while the magnetization of the rare-earth sublattice is described in first approximation by the Curie-Weiss law1>lSJ. We shall assume that the anisotropy energy of the iron sublattice greatly exceeds the anisotropy energy of the rare-earth sublattice. This is well satisfied in gadolinium iron garnetlBJ. Then the free energy of a two-sublattice ferrimagnet can be written, in the molecular-field approximation, in the form


The MTF system was developed at CERN to capture the design, manufacturing and test data of equipment built for LHC. Today, more than 150.000 descriptions of LHC equipment are managed using the MTF. The system handles both production data and non-conformity issues. The acquisition of the equipment data is both an organizational and a technical challenge. On the organizational side many different aspects of production and management have to be taken into account. The LHC equipment suppliers, wherever their production facilities are located, whatever their computer skills or rates of production are, need a user friendly environment to provide the data with a very limited effort on the shop floor. For expensive equipment such as the LHC dipoles a reliable and robust non-conformity methodology must be put in place while the MTF provides the required information technology support tools. The EDMS Service has developed methods, training processes and tools to cope with an extensive use of the system, a use that will grow during the next years until the LHC is installed. This paper presents the experience acquired and the solutions put in place.


In this paper, the history and development of color management technology and equipment in dyeing and printing industry are reviewed. Three methods of color measurement such as visualization, photoelectric integration and spectrocolorimeter are analyzed and compared. Performance index and machine type of automatic matching spectrocolorimeter are listed in table. The prospects of color management technology and equipment are also presented.


Impacts of diazinon (O,O-diethyl O-2-isopropyl-6-methylpyrimidin-4-yl phosphorothioate), imidacloprid [1-(6-chloro-3-pyridylmethyl)-N-nitroimidazolidin-2-ylideneamine] and lindane (1,2,3,4,5.6-hexachlorocyclohexane) treatments on ammonium, nitrate, and nitrite nitrogen and nitrate reductase enzyme activities were determined in groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) field for three consecutive years (1997 to 1999). Diazinon was applied for both seed- and soil-treatments but imidacloprid and lindane were used for seed treatments only at recommended rates. Diazinon residues persisted for 60 days in both the cases. Average half-lives (t1/2) of diazinon were found 29.3 and 34.8 days respectively in seed and soil treatments. In diazinon seed treatment, NH4 +, NO3 −, and NO2 − nitrogen and nitrate reductase activity were not affected. Whereas, diazinon soil treatment indicated significant increase in NH4 +-N in a 1-day sample, which continued until 90 days. Some declines in NO3 −N were found from 15 to 60 days. Along with this decline, significant increases in NO2 −N and nitrate reductase activity were found between 1 and 30 days. Imidacloprid and lindane persisted for 90 and 120 days with average half-lives (t1/2) of 40.9 and 53.3 days, respectively. Within 90 days, imidacloprid residues lost by 73.17% to 82.49% while such losses for lindane residues were found 78.19% to 79.86 % within 120 days. In imidacloprid seed-treated field, stimulation of NO3 −N and the decline in NH4 +NO2 −-N and nitrate reductase enzyme activity were observed between 15 to 90 days. However, lindane seed treatment indicated significant increases in NH4 +-N, NO2 −-N and nitrate reductase activity and some adverse effects on NO3 −N between 15 and 90 days.


The utility model relates to a feeding device for printer machine shaft rivets. The feeding device for the printer machine shaft rivets comprises a rack and a workbench arranged on the rack. The workbench is sequentially provided with a vibrating plate feeding mechanism, a rivet distributing mechanism and an air blowing feeding mechanism. Rivets are delivered from the vibrating plate feeding mechanism to the rivet distributing mechanism and the rivets in the rivet distributing mechanism are further delivered by the air blowing feeding mechanism to the position of a printer machine shaft to be riveted. The vibrating plate feeding mechanism, the rivet distributing mechanism and the air blowing feeding mechanism are respectively connected with a main control circuit. The feeding device for the printer machine shaft rivets is reasonable in structure design. Due to arrangement of the vibrating plate feeding mechanism, the rivet distributing mechanism and the air blowing feeding mechanism on the workbench, the rivets are delivered from the vibrating plate feeding mechanism to the rivet distributing mechanism and the rivets in the rivet distributing mechanism are further delivered by the air blowing feeding mechanism to the position of the printer machine shaft to be riveted, so that full-automatic feeding of the rivets is achieved, working intensity and difficulty are greatly reduced, working time is shortened and work efficiency is improved.


In order to accurately predict the performance of cooling module, engine cooling simulation using 1D/3D coupling is performed automatically via an integrated two-way process and validated on the various test mode. Commercial CFD software based on Lattice Boltzmann Method and commercial 1D tool are used for the air flow simulation and predicting heat dissipation throughout condenser and radiator, respectively. Six cases including four high speed and two uphill cases are correlated. For correlation factors, heat dissipation and radiator coolant outlet temperature are used and it shows that there are good correlations between test and simulation. Air temperature increase throughout condenser (masking effect) is observed and it is shown that current simulation method can successfully predict masking effect and radiator heat dissipation performance.


The technique of P2P is a great invention of internet times.But since its naissance,it continuously gives rise to disputes about the intellectual property rights.This article discussed the copyright problems induced by Peer-to-Peer(P2P),especially the law practices in domestic and foreign countries on file sharing.It also analyzed the infringement forms induced by the P2P issues.And finally the writer proposed some copyright management countermeasures to the P2P file sharing techniques.