67 arrive at a consensus statement to provide community oncologists practical answers for challenging common case scenarios in Breast Cancers. Breast cancer presents unique challenging case scenarios depending on age, tumor size, lymph node involvement, presence or absence of single or multiple metastasis upfront or later, hormone and Her 2 neu overexpression. New emerging issues like young age, triple negative cancers, presence of family history, pregnacy and fertility preservation baffle physicians and surgeons alike and thus were included while designing of the agenda of the conference. While the discussions took into consideration the scenario as exists in developing countries like India (as a representative country with limited resources), the final manuscript was to be applicable globally – a process that we have shown to be effective earlier.[2-4] As part of the background work, the best existing evidence was compiled and provided to the expert group panel members for review in preparation for the expert group meeting. Internationally available guidelines and statements [eg the American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) Clinical Practice Guidelines Committee (CPGC), Society of Surgical Oncology (SSO), European Society of Medical Oncology (ESMO), Asian Guidelines and the American Society for Radiation Oncology (ASTRO) publications] were also provided. The discussion was based on domain expertise of the national as well as international faculty, published evidence and practical experience in real life management of breast cancer patients. Opinion of the 250 oncologist including medical oncologist, radiation oncologist, surgical oncologist, molecular oncologist and allied specialities (by live voting) was also taken into consideration by the expert panel. Members of the panel were also allowed to share their personal experiences, make comments and record dissent while voting for the consensus statements. Finally the consensus answers were used as the basis of formulating the consensus statement providing community oncologists with ready-to-use practical recommendations. Others have also shown how this is possible and useful.[5-7] The outcome of the two day intense scientific deliberations among renowned experts has culminated in this special silver jubilee issue of South Asian Journal of Cancer which is the Practical Consensus Recommendations on twenty key aspects in the management of Breast Cancer. We are sure that this tremendous effort will go a long way in improving patient outcome in India and other countries.[8] Purvish M. Parikh, Shyam Aggarwal, Sachin Hingmire2 Department of Oncology, Shalby Cancer and Research Institute, Mumbai, 2Department of Medical Oncology, Deenanath Mangeshkar Hospital, Pune, Maharashtra, lDepartment of Medical Oncology, Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, New Delhi, India Correspondence to: Dr. Purvish M. Parikh, E‐mail: firstname.lastname@example.com


Holoscopic imaging, also known as integral imaging, is promising to change the market for 3D television since it provides a solution for glassless 3D. This paper starts by making a brief presentation of the general concepts behind holoscopic imaging, with a special emphasis on the spatial correlations that are present in this type of content, which are caused by the micro-lens array used both for acquisition and display. Behind this micro-lens array, many micro-images with a high cross-correlation between them are formed; in these micro-images only one pixel is viewable from a given observation point. This high cross-correlation can be seen as a form of self-similarity within the holoscopic image and it can effectively be exploited for coding. Therefore, in order to explore this self-similarity of holoscopic images, a novel scheme for spatial prediction is proposed in this paper. The proposed scheme can be used for coding both still images and intra-frames in video. Experimental results based on a modified H.264/AVC video codec that can handle 3D holoscopic images and video are presented and clearly show the advantages of using this approach.


This paper provides the classification of the review texts on a smartphone application posted on social media. We propose a high performance binary classification method (positive/negative) of review texts, which uses the bidirectional long short-term memory (biLSTM) self-attentional Transformer and is based on the distributed representations created by unsupervised learning of a manually labelled small review corpus, dictionary, and an unlabeled large review corpus. The proposed method obtained higher accuracy as compared to the existing methods, such as StarSpace or the Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformer (BERT).


Ultradian rhythms moduiating EEG-backgmund-activity Ultradian rhythms (dcfinition: Rhythms displaying frcqucn-cics with more than onc cycle in 20 hours) havc been found in human EEC, with cycles ranging from one in 12 hours (10) to 10-20 cycles in 24 hours (cycle-time 70-140 min.). The question arosc as to whether extremly high-frequency rhythms (pcriodicity 2-100 s) had an influcnce on the modulations of the EEG background activity, and whethcr theac correlated with other physiological rhythms, such as eg. rate of breathing, highsrder blood-pressure waves, ,,ultra-slow-potentials", or with pathophysiological rhythms, such as thc B-rhythm of a paroxysmal dysrhythmia. EEGs wcrc rccorded for a collcctive of 10 male patients (average age 34 yrs.) of thc psychiatric clinic (3 schizophrenics.


The lower reaches area of Shiyang River Basin is the area of most obvious ecological deterioration and the most serious vegetation degradation.It is the area of most prominent contradiction between supply and demand of water resources,and also is the most difficult area to govern in the northwest desert region.There are two causes of deterioration of ecological environment,natural factors and human factors.The results showed that global climate changed and frequency human activities were the essence of the causes.The main two reasons led serious vegetation degradation in the area are that the global climate change has been taken place,and the human activities frequency was too high in the area.Based on practices and analysis of collected data in many years,the desert vegetation's reconstruction strategic approaching and technical measures are put forward for the lower reaches of Shiyang River Basin.


Harrison's Textbook of Medicine, p. I-124, McGraw Hill (10th Ed.), 1983. Hamza, M. A. et al.: Solute-Solvent Interactions in Perfluorocarbon Solutions of Oxygen. An NMR Study, J. American Chemical Society, 103(13): 3733-3738 (1981). Mansfield, P. et al., "NMR Imaging in Biomedicine', Academic Press, 1982, N.Y., N.Y., p. 230. Gore, J. C. etal, "NMRImaging at Hammersmith Hos pital", SPIE, vol. 273, Application of Optical Instr, in Medicine IX, 1981. Hamza, M. A. et al: Fluorocarbons as Oxygen Carriers. II, An NMR Study of Partially or Totally Fluorinated Alkanes and Alkenes, J. Magnetic Resonance, 42:227-241 (1981). Hall, L. D. and Sukuman, S.: Chemical Microscopy Using a High-Resolution NMR Spectrometer. A Com bination of Tomography/Spectrosopy Using Either H or 13C., 50:161-164 (1982). Lauterbur et al: Zeugmatographic High Resolution Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Images of Chemical Inhomogeneity Within Macoscopic Objects. 11 Patent Number:


Synthesis of Carbon Nanotube Hybrid Textiles (CNHT) is based on the in-situ hybridization of carbon nanotubes. CNHT represent a new capability in the field of textiles [1]. The significance is that CNHT technology can produce carbon-metallic, carbon-ceramic or various carbon-compound sheet and yarn materials customized for textile and apparel applications. This overall research area is emerging and will bring a new material system to industry. Multi-functionality (strength, toughness, electrical and thermal conductivity) might be designed into carbon hybrid materials (fabric and yarn) for applications including technical textiles, fashion apparel, composites, structures, electrical conductors, low density structures, and other applications. Industrialization of CNHT will affect many industries and provide economic benefits and jobs. This high rate manufacturing at a competitive cost depends on improving and customizing the properties of CNHT. This paper describes initial research performed to synthesize CNHT.


The electronic and magnetic properties of a coherent modulated structure consisting of three atomic layers each of Cu and Ni perpendicular to (111) were determined from ab initio self-consistent spin-polarized energy-band calculations. We predict a susbtantial reduction in spin magnetization and contact hyperfine fields H/sub n/ at the Ni layers (in contrast with enhancements reported earlier from ferromagnetic resonance measurements), charge (0.1e/sup -/) and spin (approx.0.01..mu../sub B/) transfer to the Cu sites, and large H/sub n/ at the Cu nuclei.


The authors wish to thank the referee for his insightful comments and feedback on the manuscript entitled Automated Quality Control Methods for Sensor Data: A Novel Observatory Approach that is currently being considered for publication in Biogeosciences. To the best of our effort, we have endeavoured to address each of the referee's suggestions. Below is a detailed account of how this was done. We welcome any further feedback that the editor and/or reviewer may have.


Effects of titania (TiO2) on viscous characteristics of mold fluxes (MF) for stainless steel were investigated by rotary viscometry, transmission electron microscope and X-ray diffraction. The results show that with increasing amounts of added TiO2, the viscosity and solidification temperature (θs) of the MF decrease gradually, and then increase rapidly. Furthermore, when 10% (in mass, the same below) TiO2 was added at 1 300 ℃ , the viscosity and θs of the MF are minimum of 0.30 Pa·s and 1 198 ℃ , respectively. The viscosity of the MF decreases because of the TiO2, which is a network modifier, and increases because of perovskite (CaTiO3), which is precipitated when the amount of TiO2 added is more than the critical value. In the MF, the growth of cuspidine and wollastonite was restrained by TiO2 added, but, on the other hand, the precipitation of perovskite and melilite was promoted by it. The solubility of TiO2 is more than 20% at 1 350 ℃ at the experiment conditions.


Sensitivity of the FAO Penman-Monteith (FPM) potential evapotranspiration (PET) model under tropical climates has been studied in the present study. A total of 17 meteorological stations covering Peninsular Malaysia starting from 1987-2003 were used as model inputs. A sensitivity analysis (SA) was carried out using the graphical method for temperature, wind speed and solar radiation within the possible range of ±20% with increments of 5%. From the comparison done on the sensitivity of PET to climatic change, the Kuala Krai station gave the highest percentage change in terms of temperature (±6%). The highest percentage change for wind speed (±2%) and solar radiation (±17%) were shown at the Alor Setar and Kuala Krai stations, respectively. The Alor Setar station had the lowest percentage change for temperature (±0.3%) and solar radiation (±9.9). The lowest percentage change of wind speed (± 0.2%) was observed at the Kuala Krai station. PET percentage changes have a positive correlation to the percentage change of all climatic variables except for the Cameron Highlands station. Results revealed that solar radiation has the most significant effect on PET (±14%), followed by temperature (±4%) and wind speed (±1%). Taken together, these results suggest that solar radiation plays an important role in estimating PET in Peninsular Malaysia.


Abstract Fit testing is an important aspect of any respiratory protection program. In the past, the only accepted method of fit testing respirators equipped with dust/mist filters was the saccharin qualitative fit test. Traditional quantitative fit testing requires respirators to be equipped with high-efficiency filters because of the small particle size used. Dust/mist respirators, including disposable models, can now be quantitatively fit tested without filter modification. This is possible through the use of a challenge aerosol having particles large enough that they do not significantly penetrate filter media, but small enough to penetrate face seal leaks. Consequently, detection of particles that enter the respirator cavity provides a quantitative indication of face seal leakage. The purpose of this article is to compare results from saccharin qualitative fit testing with results from the new, large-particle, quantitative fit test. The study evaluated four commercially available National Institute fo...


ABSTRACT Historic districts often contain retrofits to accommodate automotive infrastructure, primarily parking, that can negatively impact walkability. This research examines how various approaches to historic preservation and parking retrofits in two historic central districts (Bath and San Luis Obispo) impact walkability. Case study analysis, planning and historic conservation literature reviews, and walkability indicator observations were conducted for both sites. Results indicate that Bath limits surface parking in its historic core whereas San Luis Obispo has a greater degree of parking retrofits that reduces walkability. Walkability factors were lower for streets containing surface parking that disrupts the relationship between buildings and walkways.


This paper presents a new relevance feedback technique; selectively combining evidence based on the usage of terms within documents. By considering how terms are used within documents, we can better describe the features that might make a document relevant and thus improve retrieval effectiveness. In this paper we present an initial, experimental investigation of this technique, incorporating new and existing measures for describing the information content of a document. The results from these experiments positively support our hypothesis that extending relevance feedback to take into account how terms are used within documents can improve the performance of relevance feedback.


This paper applies the technique of successive approximation to the nonlinear theory of elastic materials with voids, as developed by Nunziato and Cowin [2]. The complete set of equations for the first and second order approximation is derived. The torsion problem within the second‐order theory is studied. It is shown that the solution can be expressed in terms of solutions of some two‐dimensional problems. The theory is applied to study the torsion of a circular cylinder. It is shown that an infinitesimal twist produces a second‐order volume fraction field which is proportional to the square of the amount of torsion.


Risk factors (RFs) and mortality data of community‐acquired respiratory virus (CARVs) lower respiratory tract disease (LRTD) with concurrent pulmonary co‐infections in the setting of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo‐HSCT) is scarce. From January 2011 to December 2017, we retrospectively compared the outcome of allo‐HSCT recipients diagnosed of CARVs LRTD mono‐infection (n = 52, group 1), to those with viral, bacterial, or fungal pulmonary CARVs LRTD co‐infections (n = 15, group 2; n = 20, group 3, and n = 11, group 4, respectively), and with those having bacterial pneumonia mono‐infection (n = 19, group 5). Overall survival (OS) at day 60 after bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) was significantly higher in group 1, 2, and 4 compared to group 3 (77%, 67%, and 73% vs 35%, respectively, P = .012). Recipients of group 5 showed a trend to better OS compared to those of group 3 (62% vs 35%, P = .1). Multivariate analyses showed bacterial co‐infection as a RF for mortality (hazard ratio[HR] 2.65, 95% C.I. 1.2‐6.9, P = .017). We identified other 3 RFs for mortality: lymphocyte count <0.5 × 109/L (HR 2.6, 95% 1.1‐6.2, P = .026), the occurrence of and CMV DNAemia requiring antiviral therapy (CMV‐DNAemia‐RAT) at the time of BAL (HR 2.32, 95% C.I. 1.1‐4.9, P = .03), and the need of oxygen support (HR 8.3, 95% C.I. 2.9‐35.3, P = .004). CARV LRTD co‐infections are frequent and may have a negative effect in the outcome, in particular in the context of bacterial co‐infections.


We welcome the interest of Dr Kawada in our recent publication (1). They added some latest information about our study and some concerns as well. We intend to clarify and interpret them thoroughly. Barbiellini Amidei et al conducted a prospective study showing that younger age at onset of diabetes was significantly associated with a higher risk of subsequent dementia which is consistent with our research (2). First, Dr Kawada was concerned that the "Risk of dementia after T2D M onset was not observed within 10 years, and the magnitude of dementia risk change against the time of T2DM onset became smaller in the older population." Actually, it is the results about persons who onset diabetes over 70 years old which cannot represent the early-onset group as we definite. In their research, the early-onset group (at 55 years old) was lack of longterm follow-up and shown higher risk than other groups according to the first 5 years after onset. Second, we do believe that stroke is a risk factor for dementia, especially vascular dementia. We did not intend to confirm if stroke is an independent variable for predicting dementia. Stroke was set as an outcome to indicate the vascular lesion since quite few vascular dementia cases in our cohort. Reinke et al. investigated the relationship between the duration of diabetes onset and the risk of dementia instead of the time point of onset (3). And, from their result, the group that developed T2DM at 65–84 years old show a higher risk of dementia than the group at over 85 years old (0.924, 0.909–0.940 vs 0.899, 0.864–0.935). What's more, it is a promising topic that the early onset of diabetes comorbidities could increase the risk of dementia compared to the late-onset. Generally speaking, the age of diabetes onset could represent a potential indicator for prevention measures for dementia based on our and some other research. And large scale research is needed to verify our observations or results and to investigate the mechanisms underlying the reported associations.


The purpose of this paper is to investigate the classical scalar‐pressure magnetostatic equilibrium problem for nonsymmetric configurations in the framework of a Hamiltonian approach. Requiring that the equilibrium admits locally a family of nested toroidal magnetic surfaces, the Hamiltonian equations describing the magnetic flux lines in such a subdomain are obtained for a general canonical curvilinear coordinate system. The properties of such a coordinate system are investigated and a representation of the magnetic field is obtained. Its basic feature is that the magnetic field must fulfill suitable periodicity constraints to be imposed on arbitrary rational magnetic surfaces for general nonsymmetric toroidal equilibria, i.e., it is quasisymmetric. Implications for the existence of magnetostatic equilibria are pointed out. In particular, it is proven that a generalized equilibrium equation exists for such quasisymmetric equilibria, which extends the Grad–Shafranov equation to fully three‐dimensional configurations. As an application, a representation is obtained for generalized helically symmetric equilibrium, extending the definition given by Nuhrenberg and Zille [Phys. Lett. A 129, 113 (1988)]. Since the new representation overcomes the inconsistency exhibited by the previous representation near the magnetic axis, pointed out by Garren and Boozer [Phys. Fluids B 3, 2805, 2822 (1991)], it appears potentially useful to interpret the numerical findings of quasihelical equilibria obtained so far.


References 1. Moschella F, D'Arpa S, Di Lorenzo S, Cordova A. Safe pedicle tunnelling in maxillary reconstruction. J Plast Reconstr Aesthetic Surg 2010; 63: e289. 2. Yi HS, Park EJ, Kim H Il, Park JH. Safe and Effective Method to Transfer Pedicle Vessels in Free Flap Reconstruction. J Craniofac Surg 2017; 28: e416–417. 3. Sharan R, Sharma M, Vijayaraghavan S et al. A simplified technique of free flap pedicle transfer for reconstruction of defects following head and neck cancer ablation. J Surg Oncol 2009; 99: 80–81. 4. Nambi G, Yadav P, Ahmad Q, Shankhdhar V. Pedicle transfer in oral cavity reconstruction. Indian J Plast Surg 2010; 43: 79.


The biosynthesis of iron sulfur (FeS) clusters is a highly coordinated process enabled by multi‐protein systems such as Isc and Suf in E. coli. While these systems are believed to encode all factors required for initial cluster assembly and transfer to FeS carrier proteins, accessory factors of undefined function, including the monothiol glutaredoxin, GrxD and the FeS carrier protein NfuA, are located outside of these defined systems. These factors have been suggested to function both as shuttle proteins acting to transfer clusters between scaffold and carrier proteins, and in the final stages of FeS protein assembly by transferring clusters to client FeS apo‐proteins. Here we implicate both of these factors in client protein interactions. We demonstrate specific interactions between GrxD, NfuA and the methylthiolase MiaB, a radical SAM enzyme involved in tRNA maturation. We show that GrxD and NfuA physically interact with MiaB with affinities compatible with an in vivo function. We furthermore demonstrate that NfuA is able to transfer its cluster in vitro to MiaB, while GrxD is unable to do so. The relevance of these interactions was demonstrated by linking the activity of MiaB with GrxD and NfuA in vivo. We observe a severe defect in in vivo MiaB activity in cells lacking both GrxD and NfuA, suggesting that these proteins may play complementary roles in the MiaB catalytic cycle.


The purpose of this study was to find out about jersey sales in the Social Media Group. The method used in this study is observation which is obtaining data by making observations. In this case, we made direct observations in the Social Media Group. The results of this study were to identify how far the development of soccer clothes sales on social media through Facebook, and also to identify the benefits of social media in selling soccer clothes. This research also discusses the system of selling, ordering, and payment transactions using social media.


The purpose of this thesis is to study the relationship existing between the theater ent poetry by using the various versions of the first play written by Aime Cesaire : "Et les chiens se taisaient", in order to think over the specificity of the drama. The first chapter focuses on a critical edition of this work. Then the second one deals with the poet's processes in literary history, whereas the third chapter analyses the theatrical potential of the text. Finally, the last part is devoted to the way the work is received : appreciation, reading, production ans projects that this play aroused


This study presents precipitation judgement of the Dual-frequency Precipitation Radar (DPR) in Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) version 7 whose products were released in December 2021. The precipitation judgement in the DPR's traditional method employs detection of successive certain signal in vertical direction so that thin precipitation layer cannot be detected even if the precipitation echoes are measured. For version 7, precipitation judgement by using 3-D information of precipitation signals was developed to improve detection of high-latitude precipitation. The precipitation frequency in version 7 increases from that in version 6 over high-latitude regions and the relative change in the precipitation frequency is up to about 40%.


ABSTRACT We investigate traveler preference heterogeneity for high occupancy toll (HOT) roads in Calgary, Canada. We employ a set of latent class discrete choice models that allows for within-class heterogeneity to be captured. This is the first use of latent class models to understand lane choice along a freeway with managed lanes. The use of a latent class structure is justified based on both an improvement in overall fit relative to conventional models and the capacity of this model to provide behavioral insights into preference heterogeneity. The proposed latent class structure captures several interesting trends, including an inversion between travel time and travel cost elasticities across different classes. Using the approach of inferring lifestyles and mobility styles from class membership several interesting trends are established. The finding of high degrees of time sensitivity relative to cost sensitivity amongst certain segments of the population has implications for setting an optimal toll price.


Owing to the rapid growth of mobile data communication and spectrum crunch at lower radio frequency, utilizing high frequency spectrum such as millimeter wave for ultra-high data rate mobile communications becomes necessary. Yet the propagation behaviors of high frequency radio waves make mobile communications rather challenging with a lot of technical problems, such as very large propagation loss. In this paper, we propose a novel approach, referred to as optical mobile communications (OMC), to cater to the need for high data rate mobile communication by exploiting optical beams. Taking spatial light modulator as an exemplary means of laser beam adaptation, we first present the system model of OMC. It is shown that the downlink channels in OMC are different from that in a system equipped with antennas emitting radio frequency signals. That is, the OMC channels for different mobile terminals are controllable to a large extent. This new feature creates a new dimension for performance optimization of OMC. We then investigate the achievable rate region of OMC using different multiple access schemes in a two-user downlink system. Numerical results show that expanded rate region can be achieved in OMC compared to the case where channels are not controllable, which shows the potential of OMC as a promising technique.


Simulation of proton channeling through vertically aligned carbon nanotube arrays has been carried out by the molecular dynamics method. The calculation results are compared with the experimental data on the angular distribution of the characteristic X-ray yield obtained from the hydrogen ion irradiation of the carbon nanotube arrays grown on porous Al2O3 membranes.


Mine-explosive trauma is one of the most serious types of combat lesion and injuries in peacetime. We report a patient with mine-explosive trauma of the lower limbs followed by injury of the vascular bundle. Well-coordinated work of a multidisciplinary team of specialists at all stages of treatment is presented. The management was effective to save patient's life, avoid amputation and restore lower limb function.


Studies on Material removal rate (MRR) and surface roughness (Ra) are of greatest importance in ECM, since it is one of the determining factors in the process decisions. This research deals that to investigate the effect of different electrodes and process variables on the  material removal rate and surface roughness of electrochemical machining (ECM) on EN8 alloy steel component.In this experimental study, Design of Experiment Method has been employed to find out the effects of different electrodes (copper and aluminium) and process variables (feed rate, flow rate of the electrolyte and voltage) on material removal rate and surface roughness. ANOVA and Regression analysis is performed to estimate the characteristics in terms of the values of the machining parameters by the use of DOE++ software.


AS 'GREEK CYPRUS' BLOOMS UNDER THE PROSPECT OF EU MEMBERSHIP, ANGER IS BUBBLING OVER ON THE OTHER SIDE AS A NEW GENERATION OF TURKISH CYPRIOTS RECKON THEIR LOSSES UNDER THE DEAD HAND OF TURKEY AND ITS HENCHMEN. THE FOUNDER OF A NEW, INDEPENDENT NEWSPAPER TELLS THE TALE


Objective To investigate the roles of free radicals in DNA damages and apoptosis in cardiomyocytes during prolonged hypoxia.Methods Cultured neonatal rat cardiomyocytes were randomly assigned to control group, hypoxia for 24h group, SOD group, CAT group and SOD+CAT group. Then SOD or CAT or SOD and CAT were added into in the last three groups respectively, and the final concentrations of SOD or CAT was 400μg per milliliter.Apart from those in control group, cardiomyocytes in other groups were cultured under hypoxia for 24h.The DNA damages were detected with single cell gel electrophoresis and apoptosis cells were measured by TUNEL label in individual cardiomyocyte after the culture was ended. Results In comparison with the control group, the DNA strands were damaged significantly and apoptosis was induced remarkably after hypoxia for 24h ( P 0.01) in other groups, but the degree of DNA damage was less serious and the number of DNA damaged cells or apoptosis cells was significantly fewer in SOD group, CAT group and especially in SOD + CAT group than in hypoxia for 24h group( P 0.05).Conclusion Free radicals participate in DNA damages and apoptosis of cultured cardiomyocytes during hypoxia, and the use of radical scavengers might protect cardiomyocytes from DNA damages and apoptosis induced by hypoxia.


Small breeders in Egypt raise locally adapted sheep and goats breeds, which have the ability to produce and reproduce under the prevailing harsh conditions. Improving resilience of their production system is a major challenge to support socioeconomic development. However, little is known about the productive abilities of these breeds in small farming systems. The present work is an attempt to assess the performance of local breeds in small farming systems, and their capacity to cope with feed scarcity and harsh climatic conditions. In 2018, a retrospective survey was conducted over 12 month period to assess demographic rates of 25 local Barki sheep and goat flocks in the rain-fed area of Coastal Zone of Western Desert (CZWD) and 28 local Saidi sheep and goat flocks under the hot intensive agriculture system in Upper Egypt (UE). Flocks are larger, reproductive performance and offtake rates are higher (and mortality lower) in the CZWD, a region specialized in small ruminant breeding whereas it remains a secondary activity in Upper Egypt. The marketing season is mainly during Korban Eid festival. Their main challenges are frequent incidence of drought in the CZWD and high prices of feed stuffs in both sites. Our study suggests breeders have different strategies in UE and the CZWD when confronted with feed shortage. Breeders in the CZWD purchase feed to maintain high herd productivity whereas in UE small ruminant breeding is a minor activity with less productive animals that are resilient to feed shortage.


An optimal algorithm is presented for the identification of faulty attributes in a robust data structure. The algorithm does not use any fault syndrome table since the size of such a table could be large, particularly when faults can compensate one another arbitrarily. The data structure is viewed as a collection of data elements related via some attributes. The relationships are specified by a set of axioms in first-order logic. Faults in attributes invalidate some of the axioms. The invalidated axioms are used to identify the faulty attributes. The authors show that the identification is possible in time proportional to the number of axioms even when faults compensate one another arbitrarily. This is optimal since their method of axiom generation does not yield any redundant axioms.<<ETX>>


The process of learning a second language requires that we, as teachers and students, open the discourse in classrooms and practice situations to our lives in ways that we often take for granted in L1 situations. The result of L2 discourse is what I call self talk, an exchange of ideas about a variety of everyday subjects that implicate the self. Self talk in the L2 learning context can arguably be understood as personal narratives. Even though there exists a number of studies about the role of second languages in eliciting personal accounts, there has been little consideration of how autobiography is related to learning a second language. From a review of literature I have noticed that both autobiography and L2 learning are wrapped up in the problematics of truth, gender, and identity. Therefore, it is my assumption, based on the literature and my experience as a teacher, that producing self talk in L2 learning contexts results in identity construction. Furthermore, identity construction is mitigated by the problematics of truth claims and gender issues. Conceptualizing L2 learning within this framework could prove helpful in transforming gendered power structures and asymmetries.


India is very rich in biodiversity, India supports about 10% of the world's biological diversity, with just 2% of world land area. Therefore India is the seventh richest biodiversity in the world. The India has Himalaya Mountain, Eastern Ghat, Western Ghats Indo-gangetic plain, Deccan plateau, desert, coasts are all present in it. In India many type of river also present, one of the river Godavari River is the second largest river in India. Fish biodiversity studies were undertaken during January-2008 to Decemeber-2008 to census and commercially important fishes in the Godavari River. The present paper deals with the variety and abundance of fresh water fishes in Godavari River with reference to the elevation, latitude and longitude. Two sampling points were selected with different elevation latitude and longitude. The Results of the present investigation reveal the occurrence of 53 fish species belonging to 9 orders, 21 families and 37 genera. Among the collected species two sampling site species composition were so different. Species composition in Gangapur dam is lower than the Rajahmundry dam. In species composition order Cypriniformes was most dominant to both sampling site.


The direction verb"stand up"has many discourse functions,and in this thesis,the author attempts to analyze its discourse function from the angle of grammer,mainly investigates its style function and sentence completion function.The author's purpose is to enrich the study of the discourse function of"stand up".


These days, online media, such as blogospheres, online communities, and social networking sites, provides the uncountable user-generated content (UGC) to discover market intelligence and business insight with. The business has been interested in consumers, and constantly requires the approach to identify consumers' opinions and competitive advantage in the competing market. Analyzing consumers' opinion about oneself and rivals can help decision makers to gain in-depth and fine-grained understanding on the human and social behavioral dynamics underlying the competition. In order to accomplish the comparison study for rival products and companies, we attempted to do competitive analysis using text mining with online UGC for two popular and competing ramens, a market leader and a market follower, in the Korean instant noodle market. Furthermore, to overcome the lack of the Korean sentiment lexicon, we developed the domain specific sentiment dictionary of Korean texts. We gathered 19,386 pieces of blogs and forum messages, developed the Korean sentiment dictionary, and defined the taxonomy for categorization. In the context of our study, we employed sentiment analysis to present consumers' opinion and statistical analysis to demonstrate the differences between the competitors. Our results show that the sentiment portrayed by the text mining clearly differentiate the two rival noodles and convincingly confirm that one is a market leader and the other is a follower. In this regard, we expect this comparison can help business decision makers to understand rich in-depth competitive intelligence hidden in the social media.


Public transport policy is based on calculations using models, which are often undertaken by external firms. Therefore, the public transport company is often unable to collect sufficient data about their own market. In particular, behaviour in transport is often a "black box" for the users of model studies. The Rotterdam Tramway is able to estimate the necessary data about transport modes combining the results of interviews to their commercial data. The extent of such a study can be limited by working with relatively little origin destination zones. Because mobility behaviour per motive and per target group differ very much, this should be taken into account when the parameters are estimated. For the covering abstract of the conference see IRRD 862192.


The article explores the problem of the influence of modern technologies of distributed data processing on social development, changes in social relations, which calls for proper legal regulation and state influence.


Salinity and drought stress result s in the production of ethylene. Rhizosphere bacterial activity suppresses the production of ethylene through the activity of 1-aminocycopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) deaminase. In this study ,a sampel of rhizosphere bacter ia from coastal rice plant area was tested . The method used was acc deaminase activity test performed on Dworkin - Foster (DF) media and PCR acdS gene using specific primers of ACC and a quantitative analysis of the production of auxin (IAA). Of 47 isolatees obtained , 8 were positiv ely have acdS activity. The positive result was indicated by the presence of 1080 bp amplicon . Quantitative analysis showed the high est yield of 10.6 ppm of auxin. The results prove that there are some bacteria originated from coastal rice plant area which h a ve acc deaminase activity.


In studying the history of foreign countries,the intent and the stance of the researcher are very important.This is especially true of Japanese researchers these days as the vast improvements in the means of trans port and the income level of the researchers have given them an easy access to the original historical data of foreign countries,something unimaginable only a few decades ago.Starting one's investigation from original data has now become a necessary,if not sufficient,condi tion for solid research. The situation is exactly the same as that faced by American resear chers of European history in the1950s and onwards.•gBy the late 1950s,American historians were able to visit Europe every summer if they wanted....Graduate students specializing in European history began spending one or two years in the libraries in Europe to prepare for their doctoral theses....American historians could meet their Euro


In this paper, we investigate zeros and c-points of meromorphic solutions for the Pielou logistic equation, and obtain some estimates of exponents of convergence of zeros, c-points of and its shift , difference and divided difference .


* The antibiotic telavancin (Vibativ) has been approved for the treatment of hospital-acquired and ventilator-associated bacterial pneumonia caused by Staphylococcus aureus. * In clinical trials, patients taking telavancin who had moderate-to-severe renal impairment had higher all-cause mortality than renally impaired patients taking vancomycin.


Exhaustive exercise can cause subclinical inflammation to heart, since it is an oxidative tissue that works continuously. The effect of exhaustive exercise on left and right ventricles (LVs, RVs) may be different. It is claimed that paraoxonase-1 (PON1), an antioxidant enzyme, has a cardioprotective effect on oxidative stress. Rats were separated as; non-exercised controls (Con), those euthanized immediately after (E-0) and 24 hours after exhaustive exercise (E-24). Cardiac troponin-I (cTnI), total antioxidant status (TAS), total oxidant status (TOS), PON1 activities and histological findings in LV and RV of the exhausted rats were evaluated. TAS and PON1 levels were lower in LVs compared to RVs of all groups. TOS levels were high in LVs compared to RVs of all groups. In LVs, TAS levels decreased significantly in E-0 group while PON1 activity decreased in E-0 and E-24 groups compared to controls. In LVs, TOS levels decreased significantly in E-0 and E-24 groups, but in RVs decrease was seen only in E-0 group. cTnI levels increased significantly in E-0 group, and decreased to control levels in E-24 group. Considering the histological and biochemical findings, exhaustive exercise affected the heart to the maximum during/just after exhaustion, and LV was influenced more than RV.


The essence of a homily or sermon is the application of a Bible passage or passages to the Christian lives of participants in the worship act. Homilists must be learned in the Scriptures but not lose their hearers in reconstructions of Israel's past or the Church's apostolic era. Neither may they preach as if unaware that their hearers live many lives besides an immediate Church life. Since they share fully in the secular as well as the sacred aspects of congregants' lives, they may not assume that the latter is all they must discuss with them. What happened in the world this week, this month or year beyond church doors has either affected the way all are conducting their lives, or could do so, once some facet of it has been brought to their attention.


Methods: We present a case report of a nine year old obese female who presented to us with severe intractable pseudotumor cerebri, also known as Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension (IIH). The patient had multiple ER visits and hospital admissions for headaches and diplopia related to her IIH. She was followed by the ophthalmology service for papilledema and had undergone treatment with acetazolamide with minimal improvement in her symptoms. The patient was also found to have obstructive sleep apnea, with an RDI of 21 events per hour. Despite maximal medical therapy, the patient continued to complain of severe headaches and visual difficulties. A literature search was performed and an association between IIH and OSA was identified. In an effort to improve her symptoms, an adenotonsillectomy was performed.


The relationship between classical philosophy and Christian piety in the thought of Renaissance humanists poses certain questions that are answered periodically but which perennially recur. In part, this may be because these questions arise out of issues that go beyond the historian's craft to the most fundamental choices facing the human understanding. In part too, the enormous complexity of humanist expression makes interpretation difficult and allows the currents of historical sensibility to manifest themselves in analysis. In the text that follows, I will seek to give examples which indicate to me that the currently general understanding of humanist piety may have led to incorrect conclusions about the stature and clarity of thought of one figure in particular, the German humanist Mutianus Rufus. It seems to me unarguable that the greater appreciation of the difficult, ambiguous, and often idiosyncratic character of humanistic writings is a genuine triumph of modern historical scholarship.


Methylene blue (MB) is a commonly used dye in gynaecological patients that can produce various adverse drug reactions (Rzymski et al. 2003; Khan et al. 2007; McDonnell et al. 2012; Shopes et al. 2013). A low concentration reduces ferric ion to ferrous ion and reverses methaemoglobin to haemoglobin. A higher concentration paradoxically oxidises ferrous iron of reduced haemoglobin to the ferric state and changes haemoglobin to methaemoglobin. Methylene blue is commonly used during diagnostic hysteron-laparoscopic chromopertubation (DHL) for the evaluation of infertile patients. Complications due to MB during DHL have been described previously (Nolan 1995; Trikha et al. 1996; Bilgin et al. 1998; Mhaskar and Mhaskar 2002; Rzymski et al. 2003; Millo et al. 2006; Veerendrakumar et al. 2014).


This study explores typically developing bilingual children's performance in their English as a heritage language. The aim of this study is to advance our understanding of heritage language expectations and the role of chronological age and bilingual exposure. A broad range of receptive and expressive linguistic domains are investigated as a function of chronological age and age of onset of bilingualism. English–Hebrew typically developing bilingual children (N = 240), ages 60–77 months, were compared to monolingual norms, using seven subtest standardized scores from the Clinical Evaluation of Language Fundamentals Preschool-2 (CELF-Preschool-2). Descriptive statistics, t-tests, ANCOVAs, multiple regression analysis, and post-hoc comparisons were conducted. English heritage language speakers presented with an asymmetric linguistic system influenced by their chronological age and age of onset of bilingualism. Results demonstrated that performance was more advanced for measures that were less reliant on language-specific skills. Measures dependent on grammatical knowledge were vulnerable to limitations but they were within the monolingual norms. In contrast, the lexicon was heavily influenced by bilingualism. These findings contribute to the literature on bilingual linguistic expectations and will have implications for theories of heritage language acquisition and language acquisition in general.


Based on the construction and practice of elaborate course of Business English Visual-audio-oral,we have made a series of teaching reform for the teaching designs and practices,in which includes:three-dimensional course model; three teaching processes; multi-class teaching etc. Materializing the simultaneous improvement between the ability of practice and skills of English audio-lingual and establishing further perfect new teaching model for the class,these will improve students' abilities of listening and oral English,master of business English and integrated qualities in full.


2.1. The What and the How of e-learning While e-learning is a general term which can have many different interpretations, for the purposes of this article, we will limit the meaning of e-learning to the following definition proposed by prominent e-learning researchers John Sandars and Mayur Lakhani: "the delivery of learning via any form of electronic media". The meaning will be limited in this article to the typical kinds of experiences that medical students engage in interactively online. Thus, this article will exclude any mention of strictly passive consumption of media for example via television or radio or some pre-recorded source on DVD. This article is also limited to the learning environment and experiences of university students.


Decision making is a key responsibility of top management team (TMT) members, including CMOs (Chief Marketing Officers), yet, ineffective decision making is increasingly recognized as a problem at the top rungs of organizations. By combining insights from past literature with those obtained from a grounded study using qualitative data from 23 CMO interviews, we propose a conceptual framework for understanding CMO decision styles, appraisals of entrenchment, and disruption strategies used, as well as, the mechanisms that connect these concepts. Throughout we intersperse conceptual arguments with verbatim comments of CMOs obtained from our field work and develop propositions to guide future research. We also outline implications and limitations of the proposed framework.


This article reviews research regarding the impacts of urban rail transit systems on real estate development in the United States and Canada. Transit played an instrumental role in urban expansion during the nineteenth century. More recently, rail transit has also often influenced urban development, but in conjunction with favorable zoning, attractive sites, and a strong market for development. Numerous examples of station-area projects can be found in San Francisco, Toronto, and Washington, D.C. In several cities, land near transit stations has realized rent premiums. The effects of rail transit on development, independent of zoning and other factors, are not readily identified. Most research has not examined specific real estate projects from the developer's perspective. It is not clear whether rail transit is the most cost-effective means of directing development, but if rail transit is built, then station-area development should be encouraged to enhance the returns on the investment.


An athlete's performance is a major issue of the elite sports. The current studies are focused on various factors of success, however, the effect of sibling position on the athlete's personality formation is poorly understood. The study was aimed to assess the correlation of the formal and dynamic features with the resource potential in athletes who played badminton based on their sibling position using the structured interviews; Questionnaire of Formal and Dynamic Properties of Personality by V.M. Rusalov; Perinatal Experience – Resource Potential test by N.P. Kovalenko; correlation analysis. A total of 40 athletes were enrolled (20 boys and 20 girls; average age 14.5 year). In the "eldest or only child" subsample, the athletes' communicative plasticity negatively correlated with the parameters of sensory and physiological systems (r = –0.50), as well as stress tolerance (r = –0.60). Correlations between the stress tolerance and psychomotor ergicity (r = 0.63), etc., were revealed. The athletes of the "second or later-born child" subsample had higher psychomotor plasticity and a larger resource potential (p < 0.05). The basic perinatal matrix is integrated into the formal and dynamic structure of the athlete's personality. Thus, athletes of the "second or later-born child" subsample have a higher resource potential. Athletes of the "eldest or only child" subsample show lower psychomotor plasticity, however, they are more tenacious in fulfilling their goals. The areas of concern for the sports psychologist who works with athletes are highlighted in accordance with the results.


The present invention is characterized in that it comprises relates to a soap composition with an egg shell, more particularly soap base and 100 parts by weight of egg shell powder, 0.1-1 parts by weight. According to the present invention, the advantage of natural soap ever though washing, antibacterial activity and is superior to moisture as well as beauty soap, soap for kitchen cleaning, can be utilized in the laundry soap.


This paper proposes a new and comprehensive goal for global media ethics—the promotion of ethical flourishing across borders. The ideal of ethical flourishing underwrites more specific global principles and provides a target at which responsible global journalism can aim. A major task of global media ethics is to re-conceive journalism ethics around the idea of ethical flourishing. Promoting ethical flourishing is defined as the development of four levels of essential goods that together constitute the idea of the human good: individual goods, social goods, political goods, and ethical goods (or the goods of justice). These goods contribute to a life that has rational, social, political, and ethical dignity. The paper uses work in development theory and Sen's "capacity" theory to identify basic capacities that cross borders and should be protected and promoted by global media.


Network virtualization (NV), considered as a key enabler for overcoming the ossification of the Internet allows multiple heterogeneous virtual networks to co-exist over the same substrate network. Resource allocation problems in NV have been extensively studied for single layer substrates such as IP or Optical networks. However, little effort has been put to address the same problem for multi-layer IP-over-optical networks. The increasing popularity of multi-layer networks for deploying backbones combined with their unique characteristics (e.g., topological flexibility of the IP layer) calls for the need to carefully investigate the resource provisioning problems arising from their virtualization. In this paper, we address the problem of multi-layer virtual network embedding (MULE; similar to multi-layer networks, this hybrid species brings the best of two species together.) on IP-over-optical networks. We propose two solutions to MULE: 1) an integer linear program formulation for the optimal solution (OPT-MULE) and 2) a heuristic to address the computational complexity of the optimal solution (FAST-MULE). We demonstrate through extensive simulations that on average our heuristic performs within  $\boldsymbol \approx 1.47\boldsymbol \times $  of optimal solution while executing several orders of magnitude faster. Simulation results also show that FAST-MULE incurs ≈66% less cost on average than the state-of-the-art heuristic while accepting ≈60% more virtual network requests on average.


The goal of this analysis is to compare the results of influenza-like-illness (ILI) text and International Classification of Diseases (ICD) code classifiers applied to the Louisiana Office of Public Health (OPH) syndromic surveillance data reported by New Orleans area emergency departments and the Greater New Orleans Health Information Exchange (GNOHIE) data reported by New Orleans area outpatient clinics. This study adds to the evidence supporting the emerging use of outpatient data for syndromic surveillance.


The invention relates to hardware efficient fingerprinting. An approach for fingerprinting large data objects at the wire speed has been disclosed. The techniques include Fresh/Shift pipelining, split Fresh, optimization, online channel sampling, and pipelined selection. The architecture can also be replicated to work in parallel for higher system throughput. Fingerprinting may provide an efficient mechanism for identifying duplication in a data stream, and deduplication based on the identified fingerprints may provide reduced storage costs, reduced network bandwidth consumption, reduced processing time and other benefits. In some embodiments, fingerprinting may be used to ensure or verify data integrity and may facilitate detection of corruption or tampering. An efficient manner of generating fingerprints (either via hardware, software, or a combination) may reduce a computation load and/or time required to generate fingerprints.


Intrauterine pregnancies of uncertain viability are common, and guidelines for diagnosing early pregnancy loss must balance the risk of interrupting a viable pregnancy with the anxiety and medical complications resulting from delayed diagnosis. Two cases of likely early pregnancy loss presenting as intrauterine pregnancies of uncertain viability are described, with stark differences in care availability related to state reproductive health care regulations. Onerous abortion restrictions, medical and societal stigma, and inherent pronatalism in diagnostic criteria interfere with the exercise of clinical judgment and can damage patients' physical or mental health.


We present a case of Brown–Séquard syndrome (BSS) after thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR) to treat Stanford type B aortic dissection. A 49-year-old male presented to the emergency department with acute tearing pain between the scapulae, connected to respiratory movements. Computed tomography showed Stanford type B aortic dissection from the left subclavian artery to the level of the 11th thoracic vertebra. Conservative treatment was initiated with intravenous antihypertensives. However, due to persistent pain and an increase in the aortic diameter with an intramural hematoma, TEVAR was performed. The patient developed symptoms suspicious of spinal cord ischemia postoperatively. A lesion limited to the left-sided spinal cord was observed on magnetic resonance imaging at the level of the 4th to 5th thoracic vertebra. BSS after TEVAR is a rare phenomenon with a fairly good prognosis, depending on the initial injury severity.


In order to correlate the electrical and mechanical events occurring in atrial flutter, three patients have been studied using the standard electrocardiogram, a computer-processed vectorcardiogram, and reflected ultrasound recordings of valvular motion. Anterior motion of the mitral valve leaflet occurs in the region of the nadir of the atrial flutter wave in lead II of the electrocardiogram. In one patient in whom it was possible to obtain a tricuspid leaflet echocardiogram, anterior motion was also initiated close to the nadir of the flutter wave. The probable sequence of electrical and mechanical events in atrial flutter is discussed. In one patient with a prosthetic mitral valve, correlation of diastolic clicking sounds with respect to the poppet echocardiogram provided some insight into irregularities in timing of previously reported flutter sounds.


The importance of breast milk for infants growth, development and overall health is widely recognized. In situations where women are not able to provide their infants with sufficient amounts of their own breast milk, donor breast milk, and the motivations and experiences of donors, there is limited research addressing the attitudes and experiences of the women and families whose infants receive this milk. This study therefore examined attitudes towards donated breast milk among mothers, families and healthcare providers of potential recipients infants.
To enhance the availability and use of human breast milk for hospitalized babies whose mothers may not have enough milk, there is the need to embark on human milk banking. Human milk banks paly an essential role by providing human milk to infants who would otherwise not be able to receive human milk. The largest group of recipients is premature infants who derive very substantial benefits from it. Milk bank collect screen, store, process and distribute human milk.


Mobility is the one of the major issue in urban areas. The growth of population and vehicles are choking our cities. The cities with inefficient or no public transport system have encouraged the growth of alternative mode of transportation such as paratransit system. Autorickshaw, one of the paratransit mode, provides the mobility to who cannot afford private vehicles due to various economical constraints and who does not have access to public transport. Autorickshaw is the major mode of urban passenger carrier satisfying the different demands of trip makers. Autorickshaw's ability to provide door-to-door service, flexible in route and schedule has popularized them among various transportation modes. In Silchar, autorickshaw is the one of the major mode of public transportation in the absence of efficient public transportation system. The narrow and unplanned road network of the city encourages the autorickshaw operation as large size transit vehicles cannot ply on such roads. The other modes operating in city are cyclerickshaw, taxi and a few mini buses. The socio economic status of autorickshaw operators have been studied in this paper. The basic socio economic indicators are family size, house condition, literacy rate .Traffic volume survey, Autorickshaw operators questionnaire survey, Vehicle occupancy survey have been conducted at major locations of the city. The traffic volume survey and vehicle occupancy survey revealed the maximum usage of autorickshaws in Silchar.


We would like to thank Graham Taylor for his useful discussion concerning our article on long-term landscape evolution in the Northparkes region of the Lachlan Fold Belt in southeastern Australia (fig. 1). We are pleased to note that Taylor does not raise questions concerning our prime conclusion that the Northparkes region experienced a dynamic landscape history very different from that previously proposed (e.g., Scheibner and Basden 1998; Gibson and Chan 1999). He rather highlights an interesting and important question concerning the stability of hematite in response to kilometer-scale burial. In his discussion, Taylor correctly points out that the Carboniferous age of weathering for the saprolite was determined using paleomagnetic dating of hematite present within the weathered material. However, he then proposes that (1) the postCarboniferous sedimentary sequence proposed by O'Sullivan et al. (2000) probably consisted of rocks similar to those found today within the Great Artesian Basin (GAB; fig. 1) and (2) crystalline hematite would not remain stable under the hydrogeochemical conditions found within the GAB today, as presented by Herczeg et al. (1991). Taylor then implies that we should assume that chemical conditions within the post-Carboniferous sedimentary cover were similar to those found


Geometrical interpretations of two line-based formulations of successive finite displacements, Dimentberg's formulation and a linear formulation, are discussed in this paper. The interpretations are based on the fact that the pitch of the screw product of two unit line vectors is consistent with Parkin's definition of pitch. Finite twists in Dimentberg's formulation are shown to be the screw product of unit line vectors divided by the scalar product of unit line vectors. On the other hand, Finite twists in the linear formulation are interpreted as the screw product of unit line vectors divided by the scalar product of direction-cosine vectors.


Based on the semiclassical approximation,the energy spectrum of single fermion trapped in both gravitational field and strong magnetic field is given. By using Poisson's formula,the thermodynamic potential function of Fermi gas is derived. Furthermore,by using the thermodynamic relationships,the analytical expressions of the stability and magnetic susptibility of the system at low temperature are obtained. The influence mechanism of gravitational field on the thermodynamic properties of the system in the background of strong magnetic field is analysed by numerical simulation.


Abstract Photochromic ring-closure reactions of diarylethene derivatives with terthiophene (T3H, T3Me) have been examined by femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopy. The rate of the ring-closure reaction of T3H in n-hexane was estimated to be ∼ 2.5 ps, which is very similar to that of T3Me in the same solvent. It was suggested that the ring-closure reaction proceeds through a concerted mechanism without any intermediates but not a two-step mechanism. The rate of ring-closure reaction was also dependent on the solvent polarity, suggesting that the charge transfer state in the excited singlet state plays an important role in the photochromic reaction.


The pathogenesis of Inflammatory Bowel Disease is multifactorial. A widely accepted theory for the pathogenesis of IBD lays blame on the host's exaggerated immune response to commensal bacteria, implying a loss of self tolerance. Chronic inflammation is a well known risk factor for the development of dysplasia and cancer. Regulatory T cells (Treg*) therefore play a critical role in the regulation of immunity and a pivotal role in tumorigenesis of several cancer types by suppressing anti‐tumor immune responses, thereby promoting tumor progression. We set out to identify and assess Treg* expression in IBD and Cancer patients vs. disease‐free individuals which may help explain tumor progression.


Printed in 1559, Bruegel's 'Justicia' appears at first glance to be a spatial representation of law—a snapshot, a mis en scene. But it is essentially about time. Bruegel's image overlays three different perspectives on the hitherto unexplored relationship between time, responsibility, and legal authority, revealing the hidden anachronism of law. At the same time, law is shown not merely to be a concept or a symbolic form, but a physical practice engraved in the flesh of those who carry it out and suffer it. Justicia takes as its method art's anachronic discourse and power of embodiment; and presents as its thesis the role of anachronic discourse and corporeal experience to the law. These insights were pertinent to the situation of law in the sixteenth century, but they are of far broader significance than that.


Ischemic colitis is a disease of the elderly that usually causes low abdominal pain and intestinal bleeding. The clinical spectrum ranges from mild to severe forms. In most cases, broad-spectrum antibiotics and conservative management results in an excellent prognosis. We report a case of ischemic colitis in the ascending colon complicated by pneumatosis intestinalis and a colonic stricture that was treated by surgical resection. (Korean J Med 75:S745-S750, 2008)


An erbium doped ZBLAN glass fiber laser operating at 3.5μm with an average power of 40mW at room temperature is reported. A novel pumping scheme is used to significantly improve laser efficiency.


Through grey estimation of the parameters of logistic equation, a grey logistic forecasting model is established. The effective irrigation area in Liaoning Province was simulated by the model. The simulation results had good agreement with the available data, with a correlation of 0.95. The effective irrigation area was predicted to be 1.583 million hectares in 2018, very close to the predicted upper limit of 1.588 million hectares. Thus, there is little potential for the development of the effective irrigation area, rendering the structural adjustment of agricultural resources very necessary.


We report on measurements of the lifetime of the 5 D 3 / 2 ( F = 2 ) ?> state in single 171 Yb ?> ions confined in a radiofrequency quadrupole trap. Experimental parameters that affect 171 Yb ?> 5 D 3 / 2 ?> hyperfine state preparation and detection efficiency are characterized and optimized. A set of wait times for optimal sampling of the D 3 / 2 ( F = 2 ) ?> lifetime is chosen and used to measure that lifetime with high statistical sensitivity. A systematic variation in this lifetime seems to be apparent. The source of the variation was not identified, but ion number and cooling rate appear to be ruled out. A net determination is made of τ = 61.8 ± ( 0.6 ) stat ± ( 6.4 ) sys ?> ms which is significantly longer than other measurements of the same quantity with four times better statistical precision than the most recent measurement. An alternate shelving scheme is proposed that would provide S–D state discrimination for Yb+ even isotopes as well as improved sensitivity for D state hyperfine discrimination in odd isotopes.


Objective:To investigate the expression and clinical significance of caveolin-1(Cav-1),in the benign,malignant endometrial tissues.Methods:Immunohistochemistry S-P methods and immunofluorescence histochemistry combined with quantum dots technology were used to examine the expression of cav-1 protein in 62 cases of EC,56 cases of hyperplastic endometrium(30 simple hyperplasia,14 complex hyperplasia and 12 atypical hyperplasia),and 26 of normal endometrium specimens.Results:Average immunofluorescence intensity of Cav-1 protein in the benign,malignant endometrium tissues 53.87±12.88,76.10±11.48 respectively,and the difference was significant(P=0.001).Different positive rates of Cav-1 protein was checked in the different types of endometrium specimens,overexpression of Cav-1 protein manifested tendency of rise following with upgrade of malignant degree.From normal endometrium,simple hyperplasia,complex hyperplasia,atypical hyperplasia to EC specimens,the positive rate of Cav-1 protein overexpression was 53.85%,60.00%,64.29%,75.00% and 80.65%,respectively.In EC,overexpression of Cav-1 protein was significant higher than those of normal endometrium and simple hyperplasia specimens(P1=0.010,P2=0.035),but compared with the other endometrium,the difference was no significance(P0.05);there both were not related with clinical stages,and lymph node metastasis(P0.05).Conclusion:Overexpression of Cav-1 protein may contribute to the progress of EC,and Cav-1 gene may be an oncogene.


Bacteria of the genus Salmonella are major human and animal pathogens worldwide, with over 2000 serotypes. Although most authorities agree that there are only one or two true species of Salmonella, serotypes are accepted as pseudo-species. In addition, although serotype identification is important, without additional subtyping, serotyping has limited usefulness for epidemiology as three serotypes (S. typhimurium, S. enteriditis, and S. heidelberg) account for 50% of human infections worldwide. The purpose of this review is to evaluate different methods of DNA typing and fingerprinting of Salmonella strains and to report the most important epidemiological and phylogenetic discoveries that have been made using these methods. These include plasmid analysis (plasmid profiles and plasmid fingerprints, restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis, and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) fingerprinting). Plasmids are common but not universal in Salmonella isolates and can be used to discriminate isolates...


David Jacks Professor of Higher Education at Stanford University, William Harold Cowley (Ph.D., Chicago) has served on the faculty of Ohio State University, was President of Ham ilton College for six years, and over a long period has given leadership and contributed through his writings to the advancement of college and uni versity teaching. He is at work on a comprehen sive study of higher education. This is his third article in this journal. A sequel to his November 1953 article "A Century of College Teaching" will appear in an early issue.


Currently, a number of studies showing that the injection of fluid into the formation can cause induced seismicity. Usually, it is associated with a change in the stress-strain state of the reservoir during the pore pressure front propagation. Modeling this process requires knowledge of the features of the filtration properties of reservoir rocks. Many researchers note the fact that the measured permeability of rock samples decreases at low pressure gradients. Among other things, this may be due to the formation of boundary adhesion layers with altered properties at the interfaces between the liquid and solid phases. The characteristic thickness of such layer can be fractions of a micron, and the effect becomes significant when filtering the fluid in rocks with a comparable characteristic pore size. The purpose of this work was to study the filtration properties of rock samples with low permeability at low flow rates. Laboratory modeling of such processes is associated with significant technical difficulties, primarily with the accuracy limit of measuring instruments when approaching zero speed values. The technique used by us to conduct the experiment and data processing allows us to study the dependence of the apparent permeability on the pore pressure gradient in the range of 0.01 MPa/m, which is comparable to the characteristic pressure gradients during the development of oil fields. In the course of the study, we carried out laboratory experiments on limestone core samples, during which the dependencies of their apparent permeability on the pore pressure gradient were obtained. We observed a significant decrease in their permeability at low flow rates. In the course of analyzing the experimental results, we proposed that a decrease in apparent permeability may occur due to the effect of even a small amount of residual gas in the pore space of the samples. This has been confirmed by additional experiments. The possibility of clogging of core sample pore space must be considered when conducting when conducting laboratory studies of the core apparent permeability.


Probabilistic topic models have been developed for applications in various domains such as text mining, information retrieval and computer vision and bioinformatics domain. In this thesis, we focus on developing novel probabilistic topic models for image mining and bioinformatics studies. Specifically, a probabilistic topic-connection (PTC) model is proposed for co-existing image features and annotations, in which new latent variables are introduced to allow for more flexible sampling of word topics and visual topics. A perspective hierarchical Dirichlet process (pHDP) model is proposed to deal with user-tagged image modeling, associating image features with image tags and incorporating the user's perspectives into the image tag generation process. It's also shown that in mining large scale text corpora of natural language descriptions, the relation between semantic visual attributes and object categories can be encoded as Must-Links and Cannot-Links, which can be represented by Dirichlet-Forest prior. Novel generative topic models are also introduced to meta-genomics studies. The experimental results show that the generative topic model can be used to model the taxon abundance information obtained by the homology-based approach and study the microbial core. It also shows that latent topic modeling can be used to characterize core and distributed genes within a species and to correlate similarities between genes and their functions. A further study on the functional elements derived from the non-redundant CDs catalogue shows that the configuration of functional groups encoded in the gene-expression data of meta-genome samples can be inferred by applying probabilistic topic modeling to functional elements. Furthermore, an extended HDP model is introduced to infer functional basis from detected enterotypes. The latent topics estimated from human gut microbial samples are evidenced by the recent discoveries in fecal microbiota study, which demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed models.


SensorCraft is an Air Force Research Lab (AFRL) concept for a high flying vehicle that will be capable of providing greatly increased Intelligence, Surveillance, and Reconnaissance (ISR) capabilities. Part of the technology SensorCraft will require is high aerodynamic and structural efficiency to accomplish its mission goal of long range and sustained presence. To achieve a long loiter time, it will have a light weight structure with a high aspect ratio wing that carries much of the fuel mass. Hence, the structural modes will be in the same frequency range as the rigid body modes and will be strongly coupled with them. Wing stresses will need to be reduced and the gust load contribution will need to be minimized to keep the structural bending loads low along the span of the wing. This paper documents the results of a wind tunnel test at NASA Langley in the Transonic Dynamics Tunnel of a gust load alleviation system for a SensorCraft concept. The wing was fixed to the wall of the tunnel and the 4 trailing edge and 1 leading edge control effectors were used to simultaneously control first and second bending as well as control the pitching moment at the balance attachment.


Summary Granulomatosis with polyangitis (GPA) is one of systemic connective tissue diseases. Necrotizing vasculitis affects small- and medium-sized vessels. Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies directed against the neutrophil serine protease proteinase-3 (cANCA, PR3-ANCA) have been identified in approximately 80–95% of patients with GPA. In typical cases upper and lower respiratory tract and kidneys are involved. However GPA produce a broad spectrum of clinical symptomes, that includes: ocular and ear involvement, peripheral and central nervous system manifestations, heart and digestive tract involvement. The diffuse alveolar hemorrhage and pulmonary-renal syndrome may also occur. The diagnosis of granulomatosis with polyangiitis may cause many difficulties, specially in cases with limited organ involvement, with untypical spectrum of clinical features and in ANCA-negative patients. We attempt to present differential diagnosis of GPA in this review article.


In recent years, computer technology, network communication technology, multimedia technology continues to develop. This puts forward higher requirements for video monitoring system which plays an important role in the security field. This paper proposes a DirectShow+Opendds based monitoring and acquisition publishing and subscription system. In the system, the publisher is responsible for collecting, compressing and transmitting video. Subscribers make requests in the communication network, and the centralized discovery server completes the transmission after matching the publishing data type of the same topic.


A lot of factors affect scaled cultivation,such as natural resources,environment pressure,control of disease,and the management level.These factors are studied in detail.Proper cultivation scale and pattern can ensure good economic and social benefits.


Single crystals of a new reduced neodymium titanate, Nd[sub 3]Ti[sub 4]O[sub 12], have been obtained by slow cooling of a reduced Nd-Ti-O ceramic precursor in a molten neodymium borate flux under high vacuum. Single crystal X-ray diffraction (space group Pcmn, a = 5.420(1) [angstrom], b = 7.610(1) [angstrom], c = 22.015(5) [angstrom], Z = 4, Pearson symbol oP76) showed that the structure of Nd[sub 3]Ti[sub 4]O[sub 12] is built from an arrangement of corner-sharing and edge-sharing TiO[sub 6]-octahedra that can be considered as a regular intergrowth of the GdFeO[sub 3] and CaTa[sub 2]O[sub 6] structure types. The material is nonmetallic (R(25[degrees]C) = 35 [Omega]cm) which may arise due to the localization of the Ti 3d-electrons in the edge-sharing pairs of TiO[sub 6]-octahedra (short Ti-Ti distance of 2.760(3) [angstrom]). 13 refs., 3 figs., 3 tabs.


Ion beam irradiation has been utilized to enhance surface properties of materials but also as a surrogate for neutron irradiation damage which is a truly harsh environment. Due to the limited penetration depth of ion beam irradiation, small scale mechanical testing is required in order to evaluate mechanical properties in the region on interest. In this work we present small scale mechanical test data on ion beam irradiated steels. We will feature nanoindentation, microcompression testing as well as micro tensile testing. We find that while nanoindentation and microcompression testing provides a good measures of hardening and yield strength the tensile testing gives inside into the plasticity. The load drops occurring during the testing are able to provide inside into localized failure and dislocation activity to the point where semi quantitative load drop analysis can be used as a parameters for slip channel formation. In addition a new method of Helium implantation using the ORION Nanofab He ion beam microscope is presented with subsequent mechanical property measurements of the implanted region. One of the primary motivations for development of instrumented indentation was to measure the mechanical properties of thin films. Characterization of thin film mechanical properties as a function of temperature is of immense industrial and scientific interest. The major bottlenecks in high temperature measurements have been thermal drift, signal stability (noise) and oxidation of the surfaces. Thermal drift is a measurement artefact that arises due to thermal expansion/contraction of indenter tip and loading column. This gets superimposed on the mechanical behavior data precluding accurate extraction of mechanical properties of the sample at elevated temperatures. Vacuum is essential to prevent sample/tip oxidation at elevated temperatures. This talk will summarize the latest design of the UNHT 3 HTV nanoindentation system that can perform reliable load-displacement measurements up to 800°C. The sample, indenter and reference tip are heated separately and the surface temperatures matched to obtain drift rates as low as 1nm/min at 800 °C, without any correction. Particular focus will be placed on recent developments which are of high importance in being able to accurately analyze high temperature nanoindentation data. These include the validation of instrument calibration across the entire temperature range, the determination of indenter area function and modelling of the temperature transfer between the sample surface and the tip, as well as compliance considerations. It is only by solving these issues that truly accurate mechanical properties can be calculated from high temperature load-depth data. Nanoscale metallic multilayers (NMMs) represent a relatively new class of heterogeneous materials often used to understand the relationship between intrinsic materials properties (grain size, interfaces, etc.) and the corresponding mechanical properties. Among the possible combinations, Zr/Nb ( hcp/bcc ) NMMs were investigated in this study, as the strengthening mechanisms and the oxidation behaviour of Zr/Nb NMMs are not understood. Furthermore, Zr-Nb alloys are widely employed in nuclear industry; therefore, in view of the positive role of interfaces against radiation damage, Zr/Nb NMMs could represent a promising candidate material for the future nuclear industry. the thickness and the microstructure of the diffusion zone (DZ), interdiffusion zone (IDZ) and the substrate are altered. In the case of thin-walled components the microstructural evolution of the coated system and the subsequent change of the mechanical properties cannot be neglected and have a strong influence on the lifetime of the system. In this study, heat-resistant austenitic steels (X15CrNiSi20-12 and X15CrNiSi25-21) were aluminized via pack cementation with coating thicknesses varying between 40-130 µm to enhance their corrosion resistance up to 1000°C. Uncoated samples were investigated for comparison. Thermocyclic exposure tests were performed and the alteration of the microstructure of DZ, IDZ and substrate was analyzed. Furthermore tensile tests at room temperature and creep-rupture tests in burner exhaust atmosphere were conducted to show the influence of the coatings on fundamental mechanical properties. The results reveal the influence of the coating on the overall mechanical behavior and corrosion resistance of the coated system. The plasticity of nanocrystalline metals is governed by a complex ensemble of deformation mechanisms which strongly depends on the materials grain size. Smaller grains are less effective in generating dislocations and hence their ability to interact across intercrystalline domains is reduced. in for case that grain sizes approach the limit of crystallinity towards the amorphous regime, boundary-mediated deformation while dislocation-mediated processes essentially emerge from the core regions of grain boundaries, as grain boundary sliding, grain boundary migration, dislocation nucleation and shear zones thermally activated and inelastic, stress-driven deformation processes can be simultaneously operative in these materials. the increased time dependent plasticity of metals, manifesting itself as a high degree of strain-rate sensitivity and susceptibility to load relaxation and creep even at room temperature. In this study we explore the strain rate sensitivity and the load relaxation properties of a highly pure nanocrystalline Pd 90 Au 10 alloy with an extremely fine nominal grain size of d~10nm by means of dynamic micropillar compression experiments at variable temperatures. First we briefly review and discuss the testing technique, our experimental considerations and data analysis methods. Then we focus on the applicability of this type of micromechanical experiment for probing activation parameters in nanocrystalline materials. The extracted activation parameters (i.e. strain rate sensitivity, activation volume and activation energy) are discussed and compared to literature data to gain insights into the possible rate controlling deformation mechanisms at the lower limit of crystallinity. The effect of thin film composition and temperature on the elastic, plastic and fracture properties of transition metal nitride and oxynitride coatings was invested by nanoindentation, micro-cantilever bending and micro- pillar compression. Vanadium aluminium nitride (VAlN) and vanadium aluminium oxynitride (VAlON) coatings were manufactured by high-power impulse magnetron sputtering on silicon substrates. A focused ion beam was used to cut notched micro-cantilever beams to determine values of fracture toughness and micro-pillars were cut to observe plastic deformation in otherwise brittle coatings. Tests were carried out to 500°C in-situ using a Nanomechanics inSEM system. A temperature fracture toughness measurement of 2.3 and 2.6 MPa √ m was in the VAlN and VAlON, respectively. Zirconium thin films are attractive as protective layers in nuclear reactors and in chemical processing plants owing to its mechanical and corrosion-resistant properties. Relatively little is known concerning the growth-related aspects of Zr thin films. Here, we present results from investigation of the effect of substrate temperature (600 o C ≤ T s ≤ 900 o C) on microstructure of Zr thin films grown on Al 2 O 3 (0001) via dc magnetron sputtering in an ultra-high vacuum deposition system with base pressure < 5×10 -10 Torr. ~220-nm-thick Zr films are deposited at a rate of ~0.06 nm/s from Zr target (99.1 wt.% pure with 0.8 wt.% Hf) in 10 mTorr Ar (99.999%) atmosphere. The as-deposited layers are characterized using x-ray diffraction, cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy along with energy dispersive spectroscopy. At 600 o C ≤ T s ≤ 700 o C, we obtain hexagonal close-packed structured Zr(0001) thin films. At T s < 750 o C, the layers are dense with smoother surfaces. At T s ≥ 750 o C, the Zr layers are highly textured with {0001} as the preferred orientation. The films are increasingly porous with highly corrugated surfaces. We find that the Zr/Al 2 O 3 interfaces are not abrupt but that there exists an additional layer whose thickness increases with increasing T s from 10 ± 4 nm at 600 o C to 116 ± 4 nm at 900 o C. These interfacial layers are primarily composed of Zr and Al and their relative concentrations vary with T s . We ' ve developed two recently two platforms for variable temperature nanomechanical testing. The first platform allows for variable temperature and variable strain rate testing of micropillars in situ in the scanning electron microscope. By utilizing an intrinsically displacement-controlled micro-compression setup, which applies displacement using a miniaturized piezo-actuator, we ' ve recently extended the attainable range of strain rates to up to~ 10 4 s − 1 , and enabled cyclic loading up to 10 7 cycles. Stable, variable temperature indentation/micro-compression in the range of - 150°C to 600°C is achieved. Combination with in situ EBSD allows for the determination of crystallographic orientation with sub-100 nm spatial resolution. Thereby, it provides highly localized information on phenomena such as elastic bending of the micropillar or the formation of deformation twins and plastic orientation gradients. A second system allows for measurements at lower loads ex-situ in a dedicated vacuum chamber in the range of -150 °C to 700 °C. Using these new capabilities, we examine the plasticity and fracture of thin films. Variable strain rate and variable temperature micro-compression experiments on metal multilayers were performed. Activation parameters such as activation energy and activation volume were determined and discussed in view of the most probable deformation mechanism. To study fracture and fatigue behavior of nanocrystalline ceramics thin films several different small-scale fracture toughness geometries were co


For many applications in radiometry, spectroscopy or astrophysics, absolute measurement of radiant power with low uncertainty is essential. Cryogenic electrical substitution radiometers (ESRs) are regarded as the highest-accuracy primary standard detector in radiometry, from the infrared to the ultraviolet region; in combination with tuneable monochromatized synchrotron radiation from electron storage rings, their range of operation has been extended to the soft x-ray region. ESRs are absolute thermal detectors, based on the equivalence of electrical power and radiant power that can be traced back to electrical SI units and be measured with low uncertainties. Their core piece is a cavity absorber, which is typically made of copper to achieve a short response time suitable for use with synchrotron radiation. At higher photon energies, the use of copper prevents the operation of ESRs due to increasing transmittance. A new absorber design for hard x-rays has been developed at the laboratory of the Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB) at the electron storage ring BESSY II. The Monte Carlo simulation code Geant4 was applied to optimize its absorptance for photon energies of up to 60 keV, resulting in a cavity absorber with a gold base and a cylindrical shell made of copper, in combination with a thermal sensitivity of around 150 mK µW−1 and a time constant of less than 3 min, which is short compared with the lifetime of many hours for the storage ring current. The measurement of the radiant power of monochromatized synchrotron radiation was achieved with relative standard uncertainties of less than 0.2%, covering the entire photon energy range of three beamlines from 50 eV to 60 keV. Monochromatized synchrotron radiation of high spectral purity was used to calibrate silicon photodiodes against the ESR for photon energies up to 60 keV with relative standard uncertainties below 0.3%.


This paper describes a study to expand the knowledge as to whether a thermal wave anemometer can be used to measure the velocity of flowing gases or gas mixtures in situ. For this purpose, several series of measurements were performed in laboratory conditions using both the previously used probe and other probes of similar design. The probes were not modified mechanically or electrically in any way. The obtained results were compared with each other, and on this basis, the optimal, though purely empirical, form of the calibration function was determined (4). The analysis of the relative differences between the measured and set velocity values showed that they do not exceed 1% in the velocity range from 0.05 to 2.5 m/s. Lowering the sensitivity of the method for velocities below approx. 0.05 m/s results in a rapid increase in the observed deviations, reaching 15% for 0.015 m/s. The conducted research also revealed an increased resistance of the proposed measurement method to small flow disturbances, both longitudinal and transverse, and a reduced sensitivity to non-optimal positioning of the probe in relation to the flow direction, relative to the methods using both detectors.


This paper develops a new method for the analysis of stochastic volatility (SV) models. Since volatility is a latent variable in SV models, it is difficult to evaluate the exact likelihood. In this paper, a non-linear filter which yields the exact likelihood of SV models is employed. Solving a series of integrals in this filter by piecewise linear approximations with randomly chosen nodes produces the likelihood, which is maximized to obtain estimates of the SV parameters. A smoothing algorithm for volatility estimation is also constructed. Monte Carlo experiments show that the method performs well with respect to both parameter estimates and volatility estimates. We illustrate the method by analysing daily stock returns on the Tokyo Stock Exchange. Since the method can be applied to more general models, the SV model is extended so that several characteristics of daily stock returns are allowed, and this more general model is also estimated.


Objective Osteopontin (OPN) plays an important role in chronic airway remodeling and bronchial hyperresponsiveness. The association between OPN protein expression and asthma has been investigated extensively, but the results of these studies are inconsistent. The aim of this meta-analysis was to determine the relationship between OPN protein expression and asthma. Methods A systematic search was performed to identify published studies regarding the association between OPN protein expression and asthma. Studies with quantitative data were analyzed, and standardized mean differences were determined with 95% confidence intervals. Results Nine studies were included in this analysis, involving 706 patients with asthma and 332 healthy controls. The pooled data from these studies demonstrated that OPN protein expression was significantly higher in patients with asthma than in controls. There was no significant difference in OPN protein between allergic asthma and nonallergic asthma. Moreover, there was no obvious relationship between OPN protein expression and the severity of asthma. Conclusion The results of this meta-analysis suggested that OPN protein expression is significantly upregulated in patients with asthma, but that it does not correlate with the type or severity of asthma.


The paper introduces a system of 10KV aided design based on digital map.The system is developed by AutoCAD R14.The system can design every pole of 10KV on digital map,and automatically count up material tables and drawing list,automatically produce kinds of pole maps.


Abstract Phosphogypsum (PG) was used as substrate for the multiplication of eight ornamental species; six by cuttings and two by sowing. The results obtained showed a high rooting or percent germination for the six plants: Ficus benjamina, Pelargonium × Hortorum, Washingtonia filifera, Eucalyptus camaldulensis, Hibiscus rosa sinensis and Acalypha wilkesiana. For a percentage of 50% PG, only F. benjamina, H. rosa sinensis and W. filifera showed high percentage rooting. Plant vigour (height and biomass) depends on both species and treatment. Two species showed high sensitivity to PG during the propagation by cuttings, Nerium oleander and Myoporum laetum. We observed high variation in substrate characteristics; with 50% PG, pH was increased from 2.84 to 6.22, and electrical conductivity (EC) and gypsum concentration were reduced from 15.56 to 4.23 mS/cm from 36.23 to 11.82%, respectively. The results showed the possibility of using PG in nurseries for the multiplication and fertilization of several forest and ornamental plant species by cuttings and sowing.


GPS anomaly has increased according to the degradation of satellite performance, and many GPS users could be exposed to any kinds of error-included signals without any previous notice when unscheduled error occurred. RSIM (Reference Station Integrity Monitors) is a typical monitoring method to broadcast PRC (Pseudo Range Correction) for users. However, there were some cases that the receiver detected the anomalous satellite's signal even though it was unhealthy set, consequently it occurred a large range error. Then it is important to monitor the integrity of GPS signal and it is needed to devise the correction method of pseudorange by eliminating error-occurred PRN for notification to GPS users when it is monitored that the anomaly occurred. This paper proposes the basic concept of how to correct the pseudorange. The paper also shows the analysis results of PRN10 GPS anomaly occurred on day 39 in 2007 with corrected results by eliminating anomaly satellite (PRN10). The proposed correction method shows decreased pseudorange error range compared to the case when the anomaly satellite were used.


In current study, which questions whether paternalistic leadership is a positive or negative leadership style depending on cultural values, it is aimed to examine the association between paternalistic leadership and trust in manager, and whether there are moderating effects of power distance, individualism and collectivism in this association. So, a quantitative research was conducted and 753 employees in different sectors were included in the research through the survey technique. The findings reveal a strong positive interaction between the paternalistic leadership perceptions of the employees and their trust in managers exists. While no moderating effects of individualism and collectivism were found As a result, in this study it was determined that paternalistic leadership strengthened the employees' trust in manager, but the cultural values in these relationships did not have significant effects. When evaluated in the context of the relevant literature, findings can form a concrete basis for theoretical debate and complex views on the subject. In this respect, it is expected the present study will contribute to the leadership, organizational psychology, and culture literature.


Here we have a very lame attempt from Blackberry to promote the efficiency of their physical keyboards as opposed to the very popular touchscreen ones, consisting of two dorks trying to act like the Mythbusters, intelect-insulting humor and, of course, (what would we do without them?) a hot celebrity. The campaign is also, by the…


It is well known that antimony, which is alloyed in the grids of the lead-acid battery to improve their castability, corrosion resistance, and strength, affects the properties of the battery in various ways. Of particular interest is its apparent beneficial effect on the cycle life of the positive plate. It has been suggested that antimony is responsible for maintaining a minimum concentration of ..cap alpha..PbO/sub 2/ during cycling, which in turn stabilizes the plate structure. If this is so, the function of antimony may be to nucleate new ..cap alpha..PbO/sub 2/ crystals during charge or to passivate already existing ..cap alpha..PbO/sub 2/ during discharge. In an effort to shed further light on this proposed mechanism the author studied the crystal structures of ..cap alpha.. and ..beta.. PbO/sub 2/ and certain Ab/sub 2/O/sub 6/ compounds to which they are related. More specifically, he determined if the compound PbSb/sub 2/O/sub 6/ could reasonably be expected to grow expitaxially onto ..cap alpha..PbO/sub 2/ (or vice versa) and passivate (or nucleate) it. 4 references.


One of the challenges that Resisting Hate encounters more frequently than any other is the perceived concern that minority groups have the right to take ...