Regulators tend to emphasize stability through restrictions on balance sheet choices, whereas banks chase stability through ownership structures and governance procedures. The two approaches are complements. What connects these essays is that they show that Americans understand that finance is a complex machine, which, regardless of how careful its tenders may be, is subject to occasional failure. When it fails, Americans do not trash the machine; they keep tinkering. Robert E. Wright documents the emergence of business corporations in transportation and manufacturing, which were able to tap into securities markets that had emerged earlier to facilitate trade in government debt and bank shares. Wright's essay shows that it was finance writ large that mattered. John Wallis' essay connects open access in banking to an increasingly open access polity. Wallis argues that to understand the evolution of democratic institutions historians should move beyond Jackson's populist rhetoric and explore the consequences of intra-elite competition that led to the freedom to form growth-enhancing organizations. Niall Ferguson brings the connection between America's financial development and economic power into a modern context. The defining characteristic of the second half of the twentieth century was the Cold War. The United States prevailed because it "enjoyed an ability to finance increased arms spending . . . through the uniquely deep and wide American capital market" (p. 139). It is unlikely that when Sylla published his calls for a deeper appreciation of finance and corporations he anticipated the breadth or sophistication of the historical scholarship that was to unfold, but he deserves to be fêted for having nudged the conversation in new and productive directions. The eight essays collected in this volume reflect the breadth of his interests and speak to his creativity as a scholar and generosity as colleague, coauthor, friend, and mentor.


With an introduction to the architecture and mechanism of MapGIs IMS,the authors discuss the methods of development and appliation of WebGIS based on MapGIS-IMS with examples.


The article aims to challenge the premise according to which private corporations are free to do as they wish with the information at their disposal, that internal corporate information is "none of the public's business", and that only narrowly tailored legislation can oblige them to report certain items of information to the public. On the policy level, the article presents widely accepted justifications for applying the principles of "freedom of information" on public agencies, and then turns to ask whether the same justifications are applicable to private corporations. The article then discusses whether applying a general duty of disclosure to corporations would constitute a breach of their "corporate rights" and, through a critical discussion of the notion of "corporate rights", finds the expected harm to be minimal.On the comparative level, the article presents several existing models that partially support the public's right to receive information from private corporations. Through a review of laws and adjudications in the United States, United Kingdom, Israel and South Africa, several such models are identified and analyzed to show why most of them accept the existing premise where secrecy is the rule and disclosure the exception, and why they fall short of meeting the challenges which corporate activity in the twenty-first century present to liberal democracies.


The semen preparation medium that yields good semen quality is one among various important factors in the process of infertility treatment. The objective of this study was to compare the semen analysis parameters before and after preparation with 3 semen preparation media i.e. PureSperm® (Nidacon, Gothenburg, Sweden), Sil-Select Plus™ (Fertipro, Beernem, Belgium) and SpermGrad™ (Vitrolife, Gothenburg, Sweden) for enhancement of good semen quality. The total of 28 males of infertile couples attending Fertility Clinic of Thammasat University Hospital during the year 2007 were studied. Their semen (pre-washed) were analyzed for semen analysis parameters according to WHO¹ and Kruger' strict criteria² and then equally divided into 3 aliquots and processed with 3 semen preparation media followed by semen analysis once again (post-washed). The sperm concentration, motility, progressive motile concentration (PMC), morphology, DNA damage and protamine deficiency of before and after preparation were compared by paired t-test with significance at P The mean percentage of sperm motility, PMC, rapid motility and normal morphology were significantly increased where the mean percentage of slow motility, sperm head defect, sperm concentration and protamine deficiency were significantly decreased after preparation with all 3 media. The DNA damaged sperm was significantly decreased in the post-washed with PureSperm® and Sil-Select Plus™ but significantly increased with SpermGrad™. From the results obtained in this study, it could be concluded that PureSperm® may be suitable for both IUI and IVF techniques, since it yielded the best motile sperm and it may be also good for ICSI because it gave low percentage of DNA damaged sperm. Sil-Select Plus™ is probably best for ICSI since it gave lowest percentage of DNA damage sperm, whereas SpermGrad™ had highest percentage of DNA damage, thus, it is surely not suitable for ICSI procedure. Anyhow, SpermGrad™ may be moderately good for IUI since it had high percentage of motility and of normal morphology with lowest percentage of head defect but percentage of abnormal embryo may be increased.


Tracking the topic evolution in scientific papers is an important issue. This paper presents a topic evolution framework which is based on the seed document and Online Latent Dirichlet Allocation (OLDA) models. We define seed document and link the seed documents of current time slice into the documents of next slice to keep the continuity of topics in content. And then, we run the OLDA in each time slice and take the word-topic posterior probability in previous time slice as the word-topic prior probability in current time slice to keep the continuity of topics in timeline. The cosine measure is used to compute the topic similarity in the adjacent time slices to find the topic evolution. The experimental results show that the way can help find the topic evolution in continuous time.


Rachel Yuen-Ha LAM Sharon S L MO Medical Social Service, Queen Mary Hospital Hong Kong Isadora L C WONG Community & Voluntary Services Department, The Duchess of Kent Children's Hospital Vibro C H LEE Medical Social Service Department, The Duchess of Kent Children's Hospital Tung Wah Group of Hospitals Fung Yiu King Hospital & MacLehose Medical Rehabilitation Centre Hope Y H LAU Medical Social Services of Grantham Hospital Elaine Y L HUI Medical Social Service of Tung Wah Hospital Felix H W CHAN Primary & Community Health Care, Hong Kong West Cluster, Hospital Authority


In this extract from their report, How (not) to talk about Europe, Sunder Katwala and Steve Ballinger of British Future point out that many women have not yet made up their minds how to vote in the referendum, and argue that the male-dominated Leave and Remain campaigns are failing to engage female voters. Deborah Mattinson (left) of Britain Thinks draws on her work with focus groups of women talking about Europe.


The multi-mineral model, which is preferred than conventional well-log interpretation, has been used to solve the problem of geology for a block located in southern China including identification of complex lithology and more accurate quantitative evaluation for reservoir parameters in this paper. The study on the analysis of the multi-mineral composition, determination of the key parameters, reliability analysis and result examination for the model has been carried out. Compared to the core-derived data, the well-log interpretation using the multi-mineral model yields a good result with higher degree of accuracy.


Purpose: To carry out a pilot clinical trial to compare the effectiveness and safety of crizotinib and pemetrexed-based regimens in Chinese patients with advanced lung cancer (ALC). Method: Patients with confirmed diagnosis of ALC were randomly grouped and treated intravenously with a mixture of pemetrexed (500 mg/m) and cisplatin (75 mg/m) plus BSC, or crizotinib (250 mg BD) + BSC in a 1:1 ratio. Efficacy parameters such as overall survival (OS), objective response rate (ORR), and progression-free survival (PFS) were assessed after pemetrexed and crizotinib treatments. The safety of pemetrexed and crizotinib was determined. Survival time with respect to disease progression was also assessed. Results: Pemetrexed-based regimens showed significantly higher OS and PFS than crizotinib (OS: median = 13.23 and 7.47 months, respectively; p < 0.001; PFS: median = 11.32 and 4.17 months, respectively). Objective response was also favorable in the patients treated with pemetrexed, when compared with those given crizotinib. Pemetrexed-based regimen was superior to crizotinib in improving OS, PFS and ORR, and it offered significantly greater clinical benefits than crizotinib in Chinese patients with ALC. Conclusion: The results of clinical trial would help clinicians select appropriate therapeutic intervention for patients with ALC.


A new method of beer brewing was studi ed by using two mash decoction mashin g method with 47%indica rice as adjunct,and addingα-termamyl,and using cylindro -coni cal tank.Using this method,Chemica l and physical indexes of final beer fitted standard GB /T 4927-91.And the final beer pale in colo r,crisp and pure in taste,durable fine and smooth in foam could be obtained.At t he same time,it could had more remark able economical and social profits.


This paper introduced several kinds of antiseptics of microbe, such as Lysozme, Nisin, Poly-lysine, Kojic acid, and Natamycin. This paper also introduced the application on foodstuff industry of them.


Through studying the power collected,transmitted and reflected by the tag in a passive ultra high frequency( UHF) RFID system,this paper presented a new method to calculate the identification distance of the tag based on radar cross section ( RCS). By using the high frequency electromagnetic simulation software FEKO on modeling and simulating of the tag antenna to compute the RCS of the tag antenna with different loads,and combining with the expression of identification distance,found the maximum identification distance. Then compared to measured parameters,the results coincided with the actual parameters. It has provided good reference to the identification performance of the tag.


Results of studies to determine how well children, who have been adopted internationally, have adjusted are inconclusive. Little is known about the adjustment of adolescents (12-17 years of age) in relation to young adults (18-25 years of age). This study compares the adjustment by age and by gender for 86 adolescent inter-country adoptees with that of 33 of their adolescent siblings raised in the same family. Also examined is the adjustment of 49 young adult adoptees (18-25 years of age) in comparison with 65 of their young adult siblings.


A multi-kernel pseudo inverse neural network (MKPINN) is proposed in this paper for efficient wind speed and power forecasting. The proposed model has been compared with Gaussian, wavelet, polynomial and sigmoid kernel. To get best output and learning methodology and stability pseudo inverse neural network is added, which substitutes the hidden layer with kernel function. This helps to achieve more accurate and faster response. Various case studies have been carried out from ten minutes to five hours interval in order to prove it accuracy.


A general approach to error-source simulation in digital channels is discussed. It is shown that the stochastic sequential machine (SSM) model is general enough to describe error-source statistics in digital communication channels. The SSM model is capable of describing both the correlation between errors in a channel (bursts of errors) and the correlation between errors in different channels (crosstalk). Physical causes of error burstiness in satellite channels are considered, and it is shown that the SSM model can account for differential encoding, scrambling, forward error correction, intersymbol interference, nonlinear signal distortion, adjacent channel interference, modem defects, etc. SSM models of the satellite channel with differential and convolutional codes are simulated. The results of simulation agree with the experimental data for the actual channels. Analytical methods for determining the performance characteristics of SSM-modeled systems are developed. >


Let G be a directed graph embedded on a surface of genus g. We describe an algorithm to compute the shortest non-separating cycle in G in O(g2 n log n) time, exactly matching the fastest algorithm known for undirected graphs. We also describe an algorithm to compute the shortest non-contractible cycle in G in gO(g)n log n time, matching the fastest algorithm for undirected graphs of constant genus.


A compound represented by the formula (I): Formula ** ** a salt or solvate thereof Pharmaceutically acceptable (where PR is a group selected from the following formulas a) to y): a) -C (> = O) -PR0, b) -C (> = O) -PR1, c) -C (> = O) -L-PR1, d) -C (> = O) -LO-PR1, e) -C (> = O) Lolo PR1, f) -C (> = O) LOC (> = O) -PR1, g) -C (> = O) -O-PR2, h) -C (> = O) - N (PR2) 2, i) -C (> = O) -OLO-PR2, j) -CH2-O-PR3, k) -CH2-OLO-PR3, l) -CH2-OC (> = O) - PR3, m) -CH2-OC (> = O) -O-PR3, n) -CH (CH3) -OC (> = O) -O-PR3, o) -CH2-OC (> = O) - N (-K) -PR3, p) -CH2-OC (> = O) -OLO-PR3, q) -CH2-OC (> = O) -OLN (PR3) 2, r) -CH2-OC (> = O) -N (-K) -LO-PR3, s) -CH2-OC (> = O) -N (-K) -LN (PR3) 2, t) -CH2-OC (> = O) - ololo-PR3, u) -CH2-OC (> = O) -OLN (-K) -C (> = O) -PR3, v) -CH2-OP (> = O) (- OH) 2, w) -CH2-OP (> = O) (- OBn) 2, x) -CH2-PR4 (except for a benzyl group) and) -C (> = N + PR5 2) (- NPR5 2) (where L is alkylene straight or branched lower, K is hydrogen or straight or branched lower alkyl, is optionally substituted with PR0 substituent group F or lower alkenyl lower alkyl op tionally substituted with substituent group F, PR1 is a carbocyclic group optionally substituted by substituent group F, heterocyclic group optionally substituted by substituent group F, lower alkylamino optionally substituted with substituent group F, or lower alkylthio optionally substituted with substituent group F, PR2 is optionally substituted by substituent group F, carbocyclic group optionally substituted by substituent group F or heterocyclic group optionally substituted by substituent group F lower alkyl, PR3 is lower alkyl optionally substituted with the group F substituent, carbocyclic group optionally substituted by substituent group F, heterocyclic group optionally substituted by substituent group F, optionally substituted with lower alkylamino substituent group F, lower alkyl optionally substituted carbocycle group substituents F, lower alkyl heterocycle optionally substituted with substituent group F or lower alkylsilyl,


Abstract As antiretroviral treatments begin to reach HIV-infected children in developing countries, there is an urgent need to develop and document effective and feasible strategies to optimize adherence in children. A comprehensive adherence programme, including ongoing HIV education and care training for children and caregivers, was established in Chiang Rai Hospital, Thailand. One hundred and ten treatment-naïve children, median age 9 years, initiated therapy and participated in this programme between February 2002 and January 2004. Ninety per cent of children during the first 6 months of therapy and 87% during the following 6 months adhered to over 95% of the scheduled drug intakes (pill count). Children over 9 years old and children cared for by grandparents were less likely to be adherent (p = 0.11). In a subset of patients with available viral load measurements, lack of adherence (p = 0.001 and 0.04 at 6 and 12 months, respectively), and irregular attendance to training for children and caregivers were associated with failure to control viral load below 400 copies/ml. No single intervention was associated with strict adherence sustained over time. These results support the need for a comprehensive and long-term approach using multiple tools and educational/support activities to maintain optimal adherence.


Seasonally dry forests in the south-west of Ecuador are the largest and best preserved in Ecuador, but their dynamics are poorly understood, it is why these studies are conducted with the purpose of generating information to enable rational management of forest resources ,
The research was conducted in order to determine the floristic composition, structure and endemism in the dry forest of the "Tabanco"- Mangahurco, Zapotillo County, Loja Province.
A permanent plot of one hectare (10 000 m2), divided into 25 plots of 20 x 20 m (400 m2) for individuals greater than or equal to 5 cm in diameter at breast height (DBH), nine plots of 5 x 5 m (25 m2) for shrubs and nine plots of 1 x 1 m (1 m2) for the herbaceous plants. All trees greater than or equal to 5 cm marked DAP (standardized to 1.30 m) and diameter (tape) and height (Hypsometer Sunnto) was measured; branched trees under 1.30 m tall, they were measured all stems greater than or equal to 5 cm DAP and basal area of the individual is calculated as the sum of the areas of the measured basal stems. Besides its exact position within the quadrant it was recorded by drawing a map.
Ecological parameters as calculated: density, relative density, dominance, relative dominance, frequency and importance value index; based on the formulas proposed by Ceron (1993), Aguirre and Aguirre (1999). For the structure of the forest was calculated to basal area and volume by diameter class and species. Structural shapes for a transect of 10 x 100 m, where the location of the trees in the X and Y coordinates, height, distance and shape of the tree´s crown was marked.The analysis of the condition of the forest was performed by the average of epiphytes and the rubric proposed by CINFA et al., (2006); endemism recorded by comparison with the Red Book of Endemic Plants of Ecuador (Leon et al. 2011) and literature of Peru was revised to share endemism,
Were registered 61 species, of which 32 correspond to tree layer distributed in 32 genera and 18 families, 7 shrubs , 18 herbs and 4 epiphytes were recorded. The most diverse families are Mimosaceae, Caesalpiniaceae. Fabaceae, bignoniaceae, moraceae, bomabacaceae, Rubiaceae and Verbenaceae
The dry forest of the "Tabanco" of the Mangahurco parish , Canton Zapotillo , Loja Province , presented a basal area of 16.99 m2 / ha and a volume of 61,11m3 / ha. The most ecologically important species include Handroanthus chrysanthus, Simira ecuadorensis and Citharexylum gentryi
From the results it can conclude the dry forest "Tabanco" is in good state of preservation. Peru - Ecuador 2 endemic species and 9 species endemic to the region shared between Ecuador Tumbesina identified.


In this paper, a MEMS S&A device has been proposed. The size of the device is φ 12×0.3mm. The role of the centrifugal insurance mechanism is to ensure the safety in handling transportation and storage, and reliable firing with the launch overload. Through establishing the three-dimensional model of the centrifugal insurance mechanism, establishing the force and the parameters of the centrifugal insurance mechanism, deriving the mathematical model according to the rigid dynamic mechanics theory and establishing the finite element model by using ANSYS/LS-DYNA, appropriate centrifugal insurance mechanism is designed to meet two items, one item is deformation of elastic beam can reliably release slider when the speed is more than 30000r/min and the centrifugal insurance mechanism can restrict the slider again when the speed is reduced; the other item is the centrifugal insurance mechanism can effectively restrict the slider to ensure the safety of the device when primary insurance accident arming in handling transportation.


The thermal radiation intensity on the XPS board,the ignition time,the mass loss rate and the surface temperature were measured in 10sets of ignition experiments of 2.2cm and 4.5cm thick XPS boards.The ignition characteristics of XPS boards in different linear heat flux were studied.The experiment results show that the 0.019 4kW/(m2·s)heat flux is not high enough to ignite the samples.Under the heat flux exceeding 0.037 3kW/(m2·s),XPS board was heated to the critical ignition temperature and then the sample was suddenly burnt with the glaring flame and black smoke.After combustion of XPS board,the temperature decreased rapidly from 970.5℃ of maximum temperature.And the experiments also show that the mass of XPS boards decreases linearly with time during the rapid burning stage,the critical ignition temperature is 346.0-398.0℃,the ignition time has power relation to the heat flux rate with power exponent of-0.765.


Objective. Disagreement between results of skin prick test (SPT) and nasal provocation tests (NPT) causes difficulty in differential diagnosis of allergic rhinitis (AR) and nonallergic rhinitis (NAR). We hypothesized this discrepancy could be due to the nonspecific hyper-reactivity (NHR) and localized allergy of the nasal cavity. Study Design. Prospective pilot. Setting. Academic tertiary rhinologic practice. Subjects and Methods. Sixty patients with AR and 62 with NAR were enrolled. We categorized patients according to results of SPT and NPT. We compared: (1) the clinical characteristics and severity of the disease, (2) change of minimal cross-sectional area (MCA) and total nasal volume (TNV) after normal saline (NS) challenge, and (3) change of nasal symptoms and acoustic parameters after intranasal house dust mite (HDM) challenge between groups. Results. Patients in groups A (SPT[1]/NPT[1]) and C (SPT[–]/ NPT[1]) complained of more persistent discomfort than those in groups B (SPT[1]/NPT[–]) and D (SPT[–]/NPT[–]). The proportion of moderate to severe symptoms was significantly higher in groups A, B, and C compared to group D. After NS challenge, MCA/TNV showed a significantly greater decrease in groups A (MCA: 27.6% 6 21.3%, TNV: 24.6% 6 16.4%) and C (MCA: 31.2% 6 24.0%, TNV: 24.1% 6 23.4%) compared to groups B (MCA: 0.1% 6 13.2%, TNV: 3.9% 6 13.5%) and D (MCA: 2.1% 6 12.1%, TNV: 2.0% 6 17.2%) (P \ .05). After HDM challenge, groups A/B showed a greater decrease in MCA (Group A: 62.4% 6 16.1%, Group B: 6.4% 6 11.3%) compared to groups C/D (Group C: 45.5% 6 14.4%, Group D: –3.0% 6 9.5%). Conclusion. NHR and/or localized allergy should be considered in patients with rhinitis whose SPT and NPT results are not in agreement.


Theoretical perspectives on the ideological influences on government contracting predict that local governments controlled by right‐wing political parties will contract out a higher proportion of services than those controlled by left‐wing parties. However, empirical evidence on the impact of political ideology on contracting out remains inconclusive. To cast new light on this important issue, the authors apply a quasi‐experimental research design to contracting choices in children's social services in English local government. Because local governments in England are largely divided along partisan lines, it is possible to estimate ideological effects using a regression discontinuity design that captures changes in political control at 50 percent of the seats gained in local elections. The regression discontinuity estimates reveal that left‐wing controlled local governments exhibit a marked aversion to private sector involvement in service provision and a clear preference for in‐house service provision. These results are robust to a variety of alternative specifications.


Under a changing environment, the current hydrological design values derived from historical flood data for the Three Gorges Reservoir (TGR) might be no longer applicable due to the newly-built reservoirs upstream from the TGR and the changes in climatic conditions. In this study, we perform a multivariate dam-site flood frequency analysis for the TGR considering future reservoir regulation and summer precipitation. The Xinanjiang model and Muskingum routing method are used to reconstruct the dam-site flood variables during the operation period of the TGR. Then the distributions of the dam-site flood peak and flood volumes with durations of 3, 7, 15, and 30 days are built by Pearson type III (PIII) distribution with time-varying parameters, which are expressed as functions of both reservoir index and summer precipitation anomaly (SPA). The multivariate joint distribution of the dam-site flood variables is constructed by a 5-D C-vine copula. Finally, by using the criteria of annual average reliability (AAR) associated with the exceedance probabilities of OR, AND and Kendall, we derive the multivariate dam-site design floods for the TGR from the predicted flood distributions during the future operation period of the reservoir. The results indicate that the mean values of all flood variables are positively linked to SPA and negatively linked to RI. In the future, the flood mean values are predicted to present a dramatic decrease due to the regulation of the reservoirs upstream from the TGR. As the result, the design dam-site floods in the future will be smaller than those derived from historical flood distributions. This finding indicates that the TGR would have smaller flood risk in the future.


Flood depth prediction is of critical importance for disaster mitigation. We aimed at developing a system to predict the flood depth of a certain coordinate. We used open source Metro Manila Flood Landscape Data [18], where flood depths were represented in levels. Our proposed algorithm is, first, selecting the nearest neighbors of the coordinate whose precipitation is the same or similar to that of the coordinate, using the K-Nearest Neighbors (KNN) algorithm. Prediction of flood depth was calculated using Inverse Distance Weighted Interpolation (IDW) of the nearest neighbors after the levels were converted into centimeters range. Error of the prediction was calculated using Mean Absolute Error (MAE). The more the training data, the lower the MAE. The MAE average for data whose amount is ≥ 300 is 0.86 of a level with the best MAE was 0.578 of a level. Including rare data resulting in MAE of 1.21 of a level.


This paper presents the development of a linear, finite-state, dynamic perturbation model for wake inflow of coaxial rotors in arbitrary steady flight, based on high-accuracy radial and azimuthal representations. It might conveniently applied in combination with blade element formulations for rotor aeroelastic modelling, where three-dimensional, unsteady multiharmonic and localized aerodynamic effects may play a crucial role. The proposed model is extracted from responses provided by an arbitrary high-fidelity CFD solver to perturbations of rotor degrees of freedom and controls. The transfer functions of the multiharmonic responses are then approximated through a rational-matrix approach, which returns a constant coefficient differential operator relating the inflow multiharmonic coefficients to the inputs. The accuracy of the model is tested both for hovering and forward flight by comparison with the wake inflow directly evaluated by the high-fidelity CFD tool for arbitrary inputs.


The normal BP values vary reflecting differences in subject populations, measurement techniques, and animal handling. However, accurate measurement of BP depends on several factors. Cuff height is one of the factors. This study was to evaluate the relation between BP variation and vertical distance from the heart base to the cuff less than 10 cm. BP of 47 anesthetized dogs were measured by oscillometric method when the cuff was placed at the level of shoulder joint (at the level of aortic valves), 0-5 cm, 5-10 cm, and >10 cm below the shoulder joint. The cuff height could affect the BP values when the cuff is 5-10 cm below the shoulder joint. In the normal BP group, the linear regression showed that with a 1.0 cm descend in cuff height can expect a 0.5 mm Hg rise in systolic arterial pressure. Nevertheless, the result maybe be masked by the anaesthetic. A clinical evaluation of BP in dogs was also performed in this study. The oscillometric procedure was used to measure the BP of 174 dogs that were brought to National Chung Hsing University of Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital (100 in the group with heart disease [HD], 7 in the group with kidney disease [KD], and 67 in the control group). In the investigation of the BP in all the groups, there were no significant differences in HD, KD and control group. No correlations were identified between gender and body weight with BP. It was noted that the dogs of the control group that were less than 9 kg had a small increase in BP of 1 mm Hg/year. In the HD group, medications that were given for treatment had no influence in BP. It is important to address the cuff should be elevated to the level of the shoulder joint to 0-5 cm below when BP is measured. Despite this study only reveals a significant correlation between age and BP, the individual difference should be noted when interpreting BP measurements obtained from dogs.


Context. Ethyl cyanide is an abundant molecule in hot molecular clouds. Its rotational spectrum is very dense and several hundreds of rotational transitions within the ground state have been identified in molecular clouds in the 40-900 GHz frequency range. Lines from 13 C isotopically substituted ethyl cyanide were identified in Orion. Aims. To enable the search and the possible detection of other isotopologues of ethyl cyanide in interstellar objects, we have studied the rotational spectrum of deuterated ethyl cyanide: CH 2 DCH 2 CN (in-plane and out-of-plane) and CH 3 CHDCN and the spectrum of 15 N substituted ethyl cyanide CH 3 CH 2 C 15 N. Using these experimental data, we have searched for these species in Orion. Methods. The rotational spectrum of each species in the ground state was measured in the microwave and millimeter-submillimeter wavelength range using a waveguide Fourier Transform spectrometer (8-17 GHz) and a source-modulated spectrometer employing backward-wave oscillators (BWOs) (150-260 and 580-660 GHz). More than 300 lines were identified for each species, for J  values in the range 71-80 and K a  values in the range 28-31 depending on the isotopologues. The experimental spectra were analyzed using a Watson's Hamiltonian in the A-reduction. Results. From the fitting procedure, accurate spectroscopic constants were derived for each of the species. These new sets of spectroscopic constants enable us to predict reliably the rotational spectrum (lines frequencies and intensities) in the 4-1000 GHz frequency range and for J and K a up to 80 and 31, respectively. Combined with IRAM 30 m antenna observations of Orion, this experimental study allowed us to detect 15 N substituted ethyl cyanide CH 3 CH 2 C 15 N for the first time in Orion. The derived column density and rotational temperature are 10 13  cm -2 and 150 K for the plateau and 3 $\times$ 10 14  cm -2 and 300 K for the hot core. The deuterated species were searched for but were not detected. The upper limit to the column density of each deuterated isotopologues was 10 14  cm -2 .


The frequency dependence of admittance measurements (capacitance-voltage (C–V) and conductance-voltage (G/ω–V)) of Au/SnO2/n-Si (MOS) capacitors was investigated by taking into account the effects of the interface states (Nss) and series resistance (Rs) at room temperature. Admittance measurements were carried out in frequency and bias voltage ranges of 1 kHz−1 MHz and (−5 V)–(+9 V), respectively. The values of Nss and Rs were determined by using a conductance method and estimating from the admittance measurements of the MOS capacitors. At low frequencies, the interface states can follow the AC signal and yield excess capacitance and conductance. In addition, the parallel conductance (Gp/ω) versus log(f) curves at various voltages include a peak due to the presence of interface states. It is observed that the Nss and their time constant (τ) range from 1.23 × 1012 eV−1 cm−2 to 1.47 × 1012 eV−1 cm−2 and from 7.29 × 10−5 s to 1.81 × 10−5 s, respectively.


Accumulating evidence supports a critical role for post-translationally modified (PTM) islet neo-antigens in type 1 diabetes. However, our understanding regarding thymic development and peripheral activation of PTM autoantigen reactive T cells is still limited. Using HLA-DR4 humanized mice, we observed that deamidation of GAD65115-127 generates a more immunogenic epitope that recruits T cells with promiscuous recognition of both the deamidated and native epitopes, and reduced frequency of regulatory T cells. Using humanized HLA/TCR mice we observed that TCRs reactive to the native or deamidated GAD65115-127 led to efficient development of CD4+ effector T cells; however, regulatory T cell development was reduced in mice expressing the PTM reactive TCR, which was partially restored with exogenous PTM peptide. Upon priming, both the native specific and the deamidated specific T cells accumulated in pancreatic islets, suggesting that both specificities can recognize endogenous GAD65 and contribute to anti-beta cell responses. Collectively, our observations in polyclonal and single TCR systems suggest that while effector T cell responses can exhibit cross-reactivity between native and deamidated GAD65 epitopes, regulatory T cell development is reduced in response to the deamidated epitope, pointing to Treg development as a key mechanism for loss of tolerance to PTM antigenic targets.


This thesis focusses on the deposition of thin (100 nm up to 3 µm) coatings on flexible polymeric substrates using a hollow cathode arc discharged based plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition process. This new plasma source opens the opportunity for much higher deposition rates compared to classical PECVD technologies. The coatings were deposited in a so-called Roll-to-Roll technology. As residual stress in the coating may cause failure of the device during service , detailed discussion is provided where the different contributions towards the total residual stress are discussed. It was found that the internal stress is the most dominant contribution towards the total stress but can be largely influenced by modifying the process deposition parameters. External applied forces during the deposition but also environmental conditions like the relative humidity and temperature were found to affect the residual stress state of the coatings. The effect of the relative humidity was found to be reversible whereas an increased temperature leads to an irreversible change in the residual stress state. The work in this thesis contributed towards an improved understanding of the deposition process. Several possible applications are addressed to use the investigated coatings as adhesion promotion layer and to improve the mechanical robustness of underlying coatings.


A recently concluded expedition to explore seven submarine volcanoes in the Mariana Arc in the western Pacific Ocean made what is thought to be the first direct observation of a deep-sea volcano during an eruptive episode.

At a 13 May briefing in Washington, D.C., scientists with the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration described how an unmanned submersible, the Remotely Operated Platform for Ocean Science (ROPOS), dived into murky waters about one half of a kilometer below the ocean surface off of NW Rota 1 volcano.


Any grA-ar must aocou~t for the category of possessiv-ity. As far as we ~now this category is not yet exhaustively described for any language. In this paper we want to demonstrate an explicit approach to this complicated language phenomenon. The functional generative grammar proposed by Sgall and worked out in the group of Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University, is chosen for this description. Distinction between the ontologi~,al notion of possess-ivlty and the language counterpart of it is~ drawn and distinction between meaning of possessivity and forms of its expression is shown. These distinctions are exemplified on the notion of so-called possessive dative, which is not an expression of possessive meaning. Arguments for establishing, this meaning of dative are shown as based on. ontological criteria. Various constructions and expressions used for expressing the possessive meaning are enumerated and their syntactic and semantic character is discussed. Three main meanings of the verb %0 have are described: I. full lexlcal meaning-a possessive one connected with active-passive transformation, 2. copulative meaning I connected with he__construction transformation, 3. copulative meanin~ connected with any of these transformations. Some differences between copula to b._._.~e and copulative to have are shown. In the b_e-sentences the subject member of the class is-232


Motivation is central to how daytoday life is lived. Therefore, it is not surprising that motivation is a core concept in research within the field of psychology. A good definition of motivation is needed because it lays a solid foundation for theory, research, and application in this important area of study. The term "motivation" comes from the Latin verb movere, which means "to move" (Pintrich & Schunk, 2002). This grounding of motivation in movement makes a lot of sense intuitively because it maps onto our everyday, persononthestreet understanding of motivation as "getting going in a particular direction." However, grounding motivation in movement is only a first, general step. A full and complete definition needs to be more specific and more precise. Over the years, many different researchers and theorists have offered definitions of motivation. These motivations vary from one another, but most have included the idea that motivation involves the energization and direction of behavior (see, e.g., Arkes & Garske, 1977; Ford, 1992; McClelland, 1985; Reeve, 2018). The definition of motivation that I have embraced focuses exclusively on these two concepts: I view motivation as the energization and direction of behavior (Elliot, 1997). I think that the key to a good, helpful definition of motivation lies in carefully describing and understanding what energization and direction are and what their roles (functions) in behavior are. Once these two concepts are separately and clearly described, they can be brought together— integrated— to produce a full and complete definition of motivation.


Ethernet communication node can be realized by a single chip microcomputer(SCM),RTL8019AS controlled by 80C52 can realize the functions of SCM.In this paper,author not only introduce the framework of Ethernet communication node ,hardware connection and soft realization of RTL8019AS and 89C52,but also mention and resolve the problems of application in practice in the end.


FSHD is caused by the loss of repression at the D4Z4 locus leading to DUX4 expression in skeletal muscle, activation of its early embryonic transcriptional program and muscle fiber death. While progress toward understanding the signals driving DUX4 expression has been made, the factors and pathways involved in the transcriptional activation of this gene remain largely unknown. Here, we describe the identification and characterization of p38α as a novel regulator of DUX4 expression in FSHD myotubes. By using multiple highly characterized, potent and specific inhibitors of p38α/β, we show a robust reduction of DUX4 expression, activity and cell death across FSHD1 and FSHD2 patient-derived lines. RNA-seq profiling reveals that a small number of genes are differentially expressed upon p38α/β inhibition, the vast majority of which are DUX4 target genes. Our results reveal a novel and apparently critical role for p38a in the aberrant activation of DUX4 in FSHD and support the potential of p38α/β inhibitors as effective therapeutics to treat FSHD at its root cause. Graphical Abstract


Measurements have been made on MOX-LWR fuel under water. The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of different important parameters on measurement results for various fork-detectors. Computed Neutron Coincidence Counting (CNCC) with Time Interval Analysis (TIA) was used for this study. The performance of the electronics for the different fork-detecors was studied by investigating the deadtime perturbed zone of the Rossi-alpha distribution in TIA. The measurements revealed anomalies in the performance of the electronics of the IAEA BWR and LANL fork-detector. The IAEA PWR fork-detector showed to work properly and the deadtime parameter was calculated. The optimal setting for the predelay was investigated and it was found that a predelay of 10 us should be considered as an optimum between excluding from analysis data in the deadtime perturbed zone and keeping a high signal-to-noise ratio. For the shift register electronics used with the fork-detectors, only a predelay of 4.5 us was used. The study of the predelay and the deadtime showed that the calculated triples-rate is strongly dependent on these parameters. An accurate determination of the triples-rate in this type of measurements has proven to be quite difficult and requires proper operation of the electronics, a correct predelay and an accurate deadtime correction formalism. By varying the boron concentration in the water, the change of the decay time of the Rossi-alpha distribution was cleariy observed. This change is due to the variation of the thermal multiplication. The variation of this decay time with the boron concentration proves that BQhnel's model for fast neutron multiplication is not valid in these measurement conditions and that a model for fast and thermal multiplication should be used in order to obtain unbiased measurement results. In all these


We describe the clinical course of a case of peritonitis caused by Salmonella sp. after an episode of intestinal salmonellosis, and a brief review of the literature is also done.


By means of SEM observation and complex AC impedance,the effects of the Pt/YSZ electrode sintering technics on its characteristics were studied.The investigation indicates that the resistance of the electrode increases and the response time of the oxygen sensor decreases as the sintering temperature is lowered,but the rate determining step(RDS) of the O2/O2-electrode reaction remains unchanged(above 600℃,the diffusion of adsorbed oxygen atoms on the Pt surface towards the YSZ;below 500℃,the dissociative adsorption of oxygen molecules on the Pt surface near the Pt/YSZ boundary);heating/cooling rate affects the interfacial resistance of the Pt/YSZ electrode and the response time of the oxygen sensor badly,the increase of cooling rate can even give a sudden change to the activation energy of the electrode reaction(above 600℃,the activation energy increases from 169kJ/mol to(217±4)kJ/mol suddenly);Pt/YSZ electrode has its best sintering technics when it operates below 500℃,the best sintering temperature and heating/cooling rate are 700℃ and 0.5-1℃/min respectively.


Large-scale distributed antenna systems with many access points (APs) that serve the users by coherent joint transmission is being considered for 5G-and-beyond networks. The technology is called Cell-free Massive MIMO and can provide a more uniform service level to the users than a conventional cellular topology. For a given user set, only a subset of the APs is likely needed to satisfy the users' performance demands, particularly outside the peak traffic hours. To find achieve an energy-efficient load balancing, we minimize the total downlink power consumption at the APs, considering both the transmit powers and hardware dissipation. APs can be temporarily turned off to reduce the latter part. The formulated optimization problem is non-convex but, nevertheless, a globally optimal solution is obtained by solving a mixed-integer second-order cone program. Since the computational complexity is prohibitive for real-time implementation, we also propose two low-complexity algorithms that exploit the inherent group-sparsity and the optimized transmit powers in the problem formulation. Numerical results manifest that our optimization algorithms can greatly reduce the power consumption compared to keeping all APs turned on and only minimizing the transmit powers. Moreover, the low-complexity algorithms can effectively handle the power allocation and AP activation for large-scale networks.


Background Pediatric patients present to Emergency Departments (EDs) with a variety of medical conditions. An appreci-ation of the common presenting conditions can aid EDs in the provision of pediatric emergency care. seen, and how they differed


The following bachelor thesis is, with the help of Gender Role Congruity Theory of Prejudice and Gender Communication Style theory, analyzing the case of Hillary Clinton in relation to masculine an ...


The hardware and software is designed between DSP and MzLH01-12864 display module with serial peripheral interface to realize graphic text display technique in the underground gathering and processing system based on DSP chip TMS320VC55X.On the basis of the hardware interface circuit,SPI working mode of DSP multi-channel buffer serial port,software protocol and sequential flow are recommended.The system realizes to display signal on LCD correctly,to demonstrate multiple menu of character and graphics and to implement the human-computer interaction.


: To study the cutting mechanism of sweet potato vine, provide technical support and a theoretical basis for the development of sweet potato vine harvesting machinery and improve the resource utilization rate of sweet potato vine, a cutting test bench for sweet potato vine was designed. The test bench consists of two parts: The mechanical part and the measurement-control part. In this study, the requirements for the mechanical structure design of the test bench are first put forward and then the structure and hardware of the measurement control system are described. Using this platform, the cutting experiment of sweet potato vine was carried out and the effects of cutter roller speed, conveying speed and feeding amount on cutting torque, cutting power, and cutting force were deeply discussed. The test shows that the sweet potato cutting test bench not only realizes the visualization of the test process but also has the characteristics of small measurement error, stable operation, and simple operation. Through experiments, when the cutter roller speed is 1266 r·min  1 , the conveying speed is 0.54 m·s  1 and the feeding amount is 1.0 kg, the sweet potato vine cutter has excellent working performance such as high processing efficiency and low energy consumption. The platform can provide a reliable scientific basis for cutter design and power selection of sweet potato vine harvesting machinery.


In this paper we show a service-oriented architecture for managing network systems and services without human intervention, ensuring compliance with rules and policies set by administrators. Furthermore, we show the evaluation results of a proof-of-concept implementation of the architecture running in a test environment where it has to manage the links that connects the main router of an organization to the backbone of its provider, following simple policies that fixes saturation situations and improve network availability.


AIM
To determine the proportion of trials published in nursing science journals in 2017 that were prospectively registered.

DESIGN
A review of randomized controlled trials published in a Journal Citation Report nursing science journal in 2017.

DATA SOURCE
TABLE OF CONTENTS OF INCLUDED JOURNALS: REVIEW METHODS: Randomized controlled trials were identified by manually reviewing the title of all papers published in included journals. Included trials were classified as: 1. Prospectively registered; 2. Retrospectively registered; 3. Registered but registration not reported in the manuscript; 5. Indeterminate registration; and 6. Not registered. Additionally, we recorded if the trial registration number was reported in the manuscript abstract.

RESULTS
Of 151 randomized controlled trials published in nursing science journals in 2017, 17 (11%) were prospectively registered. Thirty-six (24%) trials were retrospectively and 93 (62%) not registered. We could not determine the registration status of five (3%) trials. The registration number was included in the abstract of two prospectively and eight retrospectively registered studies. Compared with the rest of the world, trial registration rates were significantly lower in Asian countries.

CONCLUSION
Two included trials were prospectively registered and reported a registration number in the abstract. Compared with other disciplines rates of prospective trial registration in are low. Nurse trialists must ensure that they prospectively register all trials.

IMPACT
We intended to replicate this review in subsequent years with a view to reporting improvements in prospective registration rates over time. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.


Introduction P ARAMETER uncertainty of structural systems is inherent in most engineering problems. Reliability analysis can help the designer to establish acceptable tolerances on structures and to determinethe  uctuationsof the systemparametersfor safeoperations. Up to now, failure problemsof uncertainvibrationstructuresystems have followed two paths. One is failure research on the basis of the responses (displacement, stress, etc.) of forced vibration.1i8 The other is failure research on the basis of the relation between natural frequency and forcing frequency of vibration systems at resonance and nonresonance. In this Note, the reliability analysis method of avoiding resonance for multi-degree-of-freedom structural systems is presented. The failure model and the failure probability of the random systems are deŽ ned. When the stochastic perturbation method and the reliability theory are used, the formulas of quasifailure probability for resonant problems of random structures are obtained.


In the article written by V. Nefyedov there is analysis of culture human factor and the role of SED in culture, people freedom and extension of personal gift in the GDR.


Over the past decade, public services and technical services librarians have been working closely on improving user access to information, most notably in the development of online public access catalogs. These cooperative activities are extending beyond the online catalog into the automation of infomation and referral systems. It is in these areas, which were traditionally the domain of reference librarians, that the cataloger's skills are now being applied.


russian takes recognition of the following:That the proper time" to inculcate patriotic community ideals is during the plastic age of childhood. That actual participation in civic work is the" most effectual wav to arouse and foster these ideals. . That the pupils are the best and quickest means of communication when the adults of a community arc to be aronsed to unity of thought and effort in things civic. That the results will be fairly permanent because the underlying principles become ingrained in childhood. \'/e believe also that a real civic consciousness is aroused which of necessity carries with it the unity of thought needed to secure cooperation in civic expression. Work of this kind can be successfullv carried on only when the teaching force is loyal in its support, and consistent and untiring in effort. Perhaps there is no better way to a'rpuse among teachers a feeling of group loyaltv to the community than to engage in such movements. The morale of the force is raised, pride in their work and in the schools is quickened, a definite position of leadership in the community is secured. and a deeper sense of the teacher's place as a citizen is established.


Objective To explore the efficacy of percutaneous laser disc decompression (PLDD) combined with ozone nucleus gelatinosus oxidizing technique for cervical intervertehral disc protrusion (CIDP). Methods A spinal needle was inserted in the space of nucleus gelatinosus under X-ray guidance. 197 patients with 289 intervertebral discs received impulse laser excision and vaporizing (with the power of 500- 600 J for each intervertebral disk) and infections of O3 of 3 to 5 ml at a concentration of 60 μ g/ml. Results Of 197 patients with a follow-up of 3 to 36 months, 135 had an excellent efficacy, 57 had a good efficacy, and 5 had some efficacy. The total ideal effective rate was 97.5%. Conclusions Percutaneous laser disc decom- pression combined with ozone nucleus gelatinosus oxidizing technique for cervical intervertebral disc protru- sion is simple, safe, effective, easy to operate, and minimally aggressive.

Key words:
Percutaneous laser disc decompression;  Ozone;  Nucleus gelatinosus oxidizing technique;  Cervical intervertebral disc protrusion;  Combination therapy


The nonlinear effect of high-intensity sound waves produces the acoustic radiation force (ARF), which makes acoustic levitation and manipulation practical. Acoustic levitation has no specialrequirement for the physical and chemical properties of the controlled objects, thereby possessing a promising application prospect. The commonly used levitation scheme includes the standing-wave system and phased-array levitation system. The standing-wave system is poor at spatial freedom, The ARF is along the non-axial direction, and possesses levitation stability. The phased-array system requires a complex control system and a high production cost. Here, we propose a single-side acoustic levitation system based on confocal-focused transducers. By driving the pairs of transducers with reverse phase mode, two anti-phase focused spherical waves interfere with each other, resulting in constant sound pressure of 0 Pa at the focus. The resulting potential well can achieve stable particle capture and levitation. First, we analyze the theoretical feasibility of the system according to Huygens' principle. Then, with the finite element method, we study the influences of structural and driving parameters on the sound field distribution, such as the angle between the transducer axis and the central axis of the structure and the excitation phase modes. Finally, we demonstrate the particle trapping and thus verify the potential though distribution under two kinds of excitation phase modes of the levitation system experimentally. We obtain some results as follows. The strength of the dominating potential well reaches a strongest value when the structural angle is 45º. As the excitation phases are 0, 0, π, and π, the sound field owns three potential wells which capture three clusters of quartz sands; the primary potential well is stronger than the secondary one. As the excitation phases are 0, π/2, π, and 3π/2, the sound field owns one potential well and captures one cluster of quartz sands. The isosurface of wave intensity around the potential well is more comprehensive than in the previous phase mode. The four-phase excitation improves the levitation stability better. The proposed levitation scheme can realize stable single- or multi-position capture of high-density objects in the fluid. Moreover, it has the advantages of low cost and a high degree of freedom.


Aims. The self-accelerating braneworld model (DGP) appears to provide a simple alternative to the standard ΛCDM cosmology to explain the current cosmic acceleration, which is strongly indicated by measurements of type Ia supernovae, as well as other concordant observations. Methods. We investigate observational constraints on this scenario provided by gravitational-lensing statistics using the Cosmic Lens All-Sky Survey (CLASS) lensing sample. Results. We show that a substantial part of the parameter space of the DGP model agrees well with that of radio source gravitational lensing sample. Conclusions. In the flat case, ΩK = 0, the likelihood is maximized, L = Lmax ,f orΩM = 0.30 +0.19 −0.11 . If we relax the prior on ΩK ,t he likelihood peaks at {ΩM, Ωrc }�{ 0.29, 0.12}, slightly in the region of open models. The confidence contours are, however, elongated such that we are unable to discard any of the close, flat or open models.


Ileal pouch anal anastomosis (IPAA) has become the standard operation for most patients with ulcerative colitis1 and familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP)2 requiring surgery. This procedure allows patients to have bowel movements without needing a permanent ileostomy.

Patients with ulcerative colitis are at increased risk for colorectal cancer (CRC). The main risk factors include the duration and extent of colitis, family history and the presence of primary sclerosing cholangitis.3–5

Lymphoma is one of the most infrequently reported types of cancers associated with pouch surgery. Non-Hodgkin lymphoma encompasses a wide variety of lymphoid-derived tumours and may originate from B cells, T cells or histiocytes. They are likely to spread in a noncontiguous fashion, and one-third of all cases originate outside the lymph nodes in organs that normally have nests of lymphoid tissue (mucosal surfaces, bone marrow and skin). The most common extranodal affected site is the gastrointestinal tract.6

The presenting symptoms of a patient with ileal lymphoma are fever, fatigue, malaise, weight loss and vague abdominal pain. Only 25% of patients with intestinal lymphoma present with fever, occult blood loss, anemia, a palpable mass or an acute abdomen,7 making its diagnosis more challenging. Additionally, the diagnosis of any kind of cancer in the pouch following IPAA remains difficult but is a growing concern.

We describe the case of a 64-year-old man with a 30-year history of ulcerative colitis who presented with low-grade fever and symptoms of prostatism and urinary retention 10 years after undergoing an IPAA procedure.


Objective To explore the effect of orally-taken Dangguibuxue decoction on lactation of parturient women undergoing cesarean section and breasting feeding. Methods 160 parturient women hospitalized for cesarean section during January to December 2007 were evenly divided in the delivery sequence into experimental group and control group. The controls were nursed with routine health education and instruction on breast feeding, while those in the experimental group were orally administrated with Dangguibuxue decoction 6 hours after delivery for 3 days, twice a day at a dosage of 100 ml. The lactation conditions on 24 h, 48 h and 72 h after delivery in the two groups were observed and compared and the incidence rate of breast agglomeration on day 4 and breast feeding rate on day 42 after delivery were also compared. Results The lactation at a medium or high level in the experimental group was significantly better than that in the control group at 24 h, 48 h and 72 h (P0.01). The incidence rate of breast agglomeration in the experiment group was lower than that in the control group on day 4 (P0.01) and breast feeding rate was significantly higher on day 42 after delivery (P0.05). Conclusion Orally-taken Dangguibuxue decoction for the parturient women undergoing cesarean section can facilitate their lactation, lower the incidence rate of agglomeration and increase the breast feeding rate.


Cycloaddition reactions of vinylphosphonates with nitrones were studied.Three products were obtained.4-phosphonyl-3-arylisoxazolidine is main product and its structure was confirmed by 1H NMR and element analysis.Yield of other products is analysed by HPLC,and their structures are confirmed by 1H NMR and MS.


1 It can be unsettling to think that one's beliefs reflect the influence of arbitrary or irrelevant factors. Here are some examples of such factors in operation: Fred comes to realize that if his parents had settled in a more conservative neighborhood, he would have—on the basis of essentially the same evidence—arrived at political views quite different from his actual views. Furthermore, his parents chose between liberal and conservative neighborhoods by tossing a coin. (Sher 2001) Jill believes in God, but her twin brother Jack does not. They were raised together and exposed to the same evidence. Their parents confess to Jack, " When you were infants, we gave you both treatments that influenced your brain development. Jill got the 'theist treatment': it made arguments for the existence of God seem more persuasive to her. You got the 'atheist treatment', with the opposite effect. We tossed a coin to determine who got which treatment. " A scholar tosses a coin to determine whether to attend Harvard or Oxford. He attends Oxford, and ends up endorsing the ana-lytic/synthetic distinction. But he finds out that if he had gone to Harvard, he would have rejected the analytic/synthetic distinction, even though he would have been exposed to the same relevant evidence. (Cohen 2000) In each case, the subject learns that an irrelevant factor made a crucial difference to what he ends up believing. For example, Jack finds out


Despite being the most common gram-negative organism associated with bacteremia, Escherichia coli remains an uncommon cause of infective endocarditis. Herein, a 52-year-old female without preexisting valvular heart disease representing with E. coli urosepsis associated with unexplained heart murmur and anemia, and therefore being proven of tricuspid valve endocarditis by transesophageal echocardiography, was reported. She survived after extended period of antimicrobial therapy. Surgery is probably no longer to be mandatory in treating this serious infection.


Abstract Study Objectives To investigate the frequency and characteristics of large muscle group movements (LMMs) during sleep in healthy adults. Methods LMMs were scored following the International Restless Legs Syndrome Study Group criteria in 100 healthy participants aged 19–77 years. A LMM was defined as a temporally overlapping increase in EMG activity and/or the occurrence of movement artifacts in at least two channels. LMM indices and durations in total sleep time (TST), NREM and REM sleep, and association with arousals, awakenings, and/or respiratory events were calculated. Correlations of LMMs indices and durations with sleep architecture, respiratory and motor events, and subjective sleep quality were investigated. Results Median LMMs index in TST was 6.8/h (interquartile range (IQR), 4.5–10.8/h), median mean duration 12.4 s (IQR 10.7–14.4 s). Mean LMMs duration was longer in NREM (median 12.7 s, IQR 11.1–15.2 s) versus REM sleep (median 10.3 s, IQR 8.0–13.5s), p < 0.001. LMMs associated with awakening increased with age (p = 0.029). LMMs indices in TST were higher in men than women (p = 0.018). LMMs indices correlated positively with N1 sleep percentage (ρ = 0.49, p < 0.001), arousal index (ρ = 0.40, p = 0.002), sleep stages shift index (ρ = 0.43, p < 0.001, apnea index (ρ = 0.36, p = 0.017), and video-visible movements indices (ρ = 0.45, p < 0.001), and negatively with N3 sleep (ρ = −0.38, p= 0.004) percentage. Conclusions This is the first study providing normative data on LMMs frequency in healthy adults. LMMs are a ubiquitous phenomenon often associated with other events. Correlation with arousals and respiratory events suggests a potential clinical significance of LMMs in adults that awaits further investigation.


Statement of Retraction Statement of Retraction: Development of small-sized friction stirs welding equipment for hand-operated welding We, the Publisher of Welding International, have retracted the following article: Yoshiaki Morisada, Koki Tamashiro, Masayoshi Kamai, Rintaro Ueji & Hidetoshi Fujii (2016) Development of small-sized friction stirs welding equipment for hand-operated welding, Welding International, 30:8, 596-601, DOI: 10.1080/09507116.2016.1142185. We are retracting this article because it is a duplicate translation of an article that originally appeared in the Quarterly Journal of the Japan Welding Society. The retraction is not due to any fault of the authors. We have been informed in our decision-making by our policy on publishing ethics and integrity and the COPE guidelines on retractions. The retracted article will remain online to maintain the scholarly record, but it will be digitally watermarked on each page as "Retracted".


This map of Santo Domingo was created for Samuel Hazard's travel book on Hispaniola published in 1873. In contrast to previous maps that emphasized the island as a source of goods for the colonial system, Hazard presents the island as a land forgotten by civilization; in fact, much of the island is labeled as "debatable ground," unclaimed and left behind by both Santo Domingo and Haiti. Despite the political stability, urbanization, and intellectual production underway in Haiti at the end of the 19th century, Hazard implies to his Western audience that Haiti is still an unclaimed and wild country ready for incursions by white adventurers.


From Saturday, January 6, through Tuesday, January 9, 2001, a substantial contingent of Laffitians once more called New Orleans their home-away-from-home, as they have done a number of times during the organization's six-and-one-half-year history. The principal purpose of this journey was to attend the annual banquet of the Louisiana Historical Society.


The purpose of this study was to investigate the consumption of health functional foods according to age group. We surveyed 300 subjects with quota sampling aged 10 to 50 and over. The rate of consumption of health functional foods by users was substantial (52.7%). Consumers of health functional foods showed higher scores for interest in health (3.97 vs 3.49, P<0.001) and knowledge of health functional foods (3.79 vs 3.30, P<0.001) than non-consumers of health functional foods. Regarding consumers of health functional foods, the number (P<0.01) and types (P<0.05) of health functional foods, reasons for taking (P<0.05), motivations for buying (P<0.05), periods of taking (P<0.001), cost per month (P<0.01), observance of instruction (P<0.01), and effectiveness (P<0.01) were significantly different according to age group. For non-consumers of health functional foods, reasons for not-taking (P<0.01) and types of health functional foods to be planned (P<0.001) were different according to age group. For consumers and non-consumers, problems (P<0.01) and improvements (P<0.001) for health functional foods showed significant differences according to age group. The majority of subjects (85.4%) answered that heath functional foods had no side-effects. Reported side effects were inappetence (6.6%), constipation (2.6%), and headache (2.0%). In conclusion, differentiated strategies and specialized education programs according to age group might be needed for promoting adequate consumption and preventing side-effects of health functional foods.


In this work, we propose an extended variational formulation in order to handle the problem of the ∞ow of an incompressible ∞uid in compliant vessels with discontinuous flelds. This approach makes possible to tackle in a consistent variational manner problems like the coupling between models of difierent dimensionality. This approach is used in the context of modelling blood ∞ow in large vessels. A computational implementation of the proposed formulation is also shown and discussed by presenting examples of practical applications.


Since the mid-1980s,the environmental changes happened to enterprises have shaken the basis and precondition of the operation of traditional budget management and the defects of traditional budget management is gradually obvious.Activity-based budget is a kind of budget management style,which is based on activity-based management,has the increment of enterprise value as its purpose.It presupposes value chain analysis and activity-based analysis.It can more accurately budget the resource demand,performance measurement and goal realization.It can go deep into activity-based levels and make budget control more effective.Budget plays an increasingly obvious core role in the internal control of the enterprises.However,the application of activity-based budget needs certain conditions.Only by possessing these conditions and avoiding the problems existing in the enterprises' applying activity-based budget can it perform its particular function.


In this paper various control problems for Boolean control networks (BCNs) are investigated. By resorting to some recent results regarding the infinite-horizon optimal control, we first provide an alternative proof of the fact that the stabilization of a BCN to a given reachable equilibrium point can always be performed by means of a static state-feedback. Secondly, upon deriving necessary and sufficient conditions for the solvability of the output regulation problem, we show that, when such conditions are satisfied, also this problem can be solved by means of a static state-feedback. In both cases, a feedback gain matrix is explicitly derived by making use of the results obtained for the optimal control problem. Finally, some preliminary results about the stabilization problem by means of a static, either time-invariant or time-varying, output feedback are also presented.


The objective of this collection is to look at Afro-American young men within their full social and community context. The book consists of 19 chapters in four sections focusing on the structural conditions, parenting, education and social identity of young black men. Seventeen chapters are written specifically for this analysis; only two chapters have been previously published in other forms. The authors of these chapters are both university and community-based researchers and practitioners and are uniquely qualified due to their work, insights and experiences with young black men. What these writers provide are insights that can help us to better understand these young men as well as the conditions that dispose them toward successful and productive roles or toward self-destruction. Contents: Section One: Up Against the Odds; Section Two: Families and CommunitiesoParenting; Section Three: Education for Survival and Success; Section Four: Development of Cultural Identity.


Large open source software projects like Mozilla, Firefox, Eclipse etc. receive huge number of submitted bug reports daily basis. Manual Triaging of these upcoming reports is error-prone and time consuming process. The purpose of bug triaging is to assign potentially experienced developers to upcoming bug reports. Thus to reduce cost and speedup bug triaging, this paper presents an automatic approach to predict a developer with approximate time required to solve the upcoming report. In proposed system data set reduction is achieved through techniques like stemming, stop word removal, Instance selection and Feature selection on bug data set, which improve the scale and quality of bug data. The simultaneous usage of instance selection and feature selection reduces the scales on bug dimension and word dimension which improves the accuracy of bug triage. The combination of feature selection algorithm, statistics (CHI2) and instance selection algorithm, Iterative Case Filter (ICF) is applied in proposed paper. Then Naive Bayesian classifier is used to predict the expert developer to fix the upcoming bug. This paper also focuses on how to assign any upcoming bug to new developer whose bug fixing history is not available in training dataset.


Internationally, a feature of public sector reforms over the last twenty years is the characterisation of negative effects as unintended consequences, yet the reform programme continues as before (Humphrey et al., 1993 and 1998). This article reports the findings from an investigation of ostensibly unintended consequences of New Zealand's public sector financial management system: resource erosion in government departments which both escapes parliamentary scrutiny and damages departments' capability to perform even core functions (State Services Commission, 1998a; and Controller and Auditor-General, 1999). The findings suggest that these effects might not be unintended. The system's structures and processes, including designed-in resource erosion processes and a surreptitious approach, are highly consistent with those advocated to facilitate privatisation.


This study aims to evaluate the effect of different tape yeast levels as inoculum in the banana peels fermentation process to the nutritional content. This study used an experimental method with a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) in one way ANOVA with 4 treatments and 4 replications. Treatments based on differences in the addition of tape yeast, all treatments were incubated for 6 days. The four treatments are (P0) Banana peel without the addition of yeast tape; (P1) Banana peel with the addition of yeast tape 1.5%; (P2) Banana peel with the addition of 3.0% yeast tape; (P3) Banana peel with the addition of 4.5% yeast tape. The measured variables were dry matter, crude protein, crude fat, crude fiber, calcium, and phosphorus content. Data were analyzed by analysis of variance and followed by Duncan's multiple range test to measure any significances. The results showed that the level of yeast tape significantly increased crude protein, crude fat, calcium and phosphorus (P<0.05), and significantly reduced crude fiber of banana peel (P<0.05.  However the level of yeast tape has no significant effect on the dry matter content of banana peels. Conclusion tape yeast level of 4.5% can increase levels of crude protein, crude fat, calcium and banana skin phosphorus. The highest reduction in crude fiber in the use of yeast tape 3%


Three prominent Australian musicians discuss their work on some of the most celebrated film scores in recent times. By Rowena Robertson.


Nanomaterials are advanced materials exhibiting unique mechanical, chemical and physical properties due to their structural constituents having size less than 100 nm. Such materials are suitable for using in wide field of possible applications e.g. special structural applications, catalysis, biomedicine or electronics. There are many methods how to produce nanocrystalline materials or nanoparticles including vapor, liquid and solid processing routes. In this work, ultra-high-strength nanocrystalline silver was prepared by combination of selective leaching and subsequent consolidation by spark plasma sintering. Conventional cast silver was used as reference materials.


The powers of the General Assembly and Security Council of the United Nations to take collective measures for the maintenance of international peace and security, particularly to maintain armed forces for that purpose, and the power of the General Assembly to finance these activities were much discussed during the recent crisis in the Organization when certain members refused to contribute to the support of the UNEF and Congo Operation. Various aspects of the matter have been discussed by writers; they have also been dealt with by the International Court of Justice in its Advisory Opinion of June 1962 where it held that the UNEF and Congo Operation undertaken by the General Assembly and Security Council were intra vires the powers of these organs and that the expenses incurred by the Organization in the execution of those ventures were "expenses of the Organization" for the purposes of Article 17 (2) of the Charter. The Court and some of the judges who gave separate opinions further made a definite contribution to the interpretation of certain aspects of the Charter in the course of arriving at these conclusions.


Field experiments were conducted at Sugarcane Breeding Institute, Coimbatore during two crop seasons as plant and ratoon crop to find out the effect of levels of N nutrition on the biomass and yeild of sugarcane. Treatments involving four nitrogen levels viz., 280, 350, 420 and 490 kg N ha-1 were laid in the main plots while the subplot treatments included its split application at different days after planting (DAP) (3 splits on 45, 90, 135 DAP, 4 splits on 45, 90, 135 & 180 DAP, 5 splits on 45, 90, 135, 180 & 225 DAP, 6 splits on 45, 90, 135, 180, 225 & 270 DAP). The treatments had a significant influence on the number of millable canes recorded in both the plant and the ratoon crop. Biomass yields that were highest was obtained with 350 kg N/ha. High yields of 140.7 tha-1 and 118.6 tha-1 were recorded with the application of recommended dose of nitrogen (280 kg N ha-1) in the plant and ratoon crop respectively. Yields with N application at 45, 90 and 135 DAP exceeded those recorded over other splits. The economics recorded also favoured the above treatment.


A high-efficient, low-voltage cross-coupled charge pump is presented in this paper. To decrease the conduction loss, a cross-coupled charge pump is proposed based on two auxiliary dynamic inverters to increase the clock swing. Meanwhile, a clocking scheme is designed to eliminate the reversion power losses. Based on proposed scheme, a higher output voltage is achieved by a three-stage topology by cascading the single stage. The proposed architectures of both single and three-stage charge pump are implemented under a standard 180nm CMOS technology. The post-layout simulation exhibits a peak power efficiency of 86.89% and 78.6%, respectively. And Monte Carlo (MC) simulation results indicate the proposed scheme features strong robustness to process variation.


5-Trifluoromethyl-3-(4-methyl-1H-imidazol-1-yl)aniline,the intermediate for antitumor agent nilotinib,was synthesized from 3,5-dinitro-1-trifluoromethylbenzene(2) by fluorination with tetramethyl ammonium fluoride to give 3-fluoro-5-trifluoromethyl-nitrobenzene,which was subjected to substitution with 4-methyl-1H-imidazole and reduction with an overall yield of about 50%.


notions of vanity and self-deception, Martin argues that despite the perceived value of truthfulness, those who are seemingly the most sincere may also be the most selfdeceived and, therefore, the most hypocritical. In 'Accounts as Social Loopholes: Reconciling Contradictions between Culture and Conduct' (Ch. 8), Shulman examines accounts people tell to legitimize their inappropriate behaviors and identifies four social loopholes: fading into commonality (e.g. deviance is expected), loss of personal control (e.g. deviance is biological), protection (e.g. lying protects others), and no alternative (e.g. acting under duress). Shulman argues that loopholes allow actors to ignore negative consequences of unacceptable behaviors. Similarly, in '"I Read Playboy for the Articles": Justifying and Rationalizing Questionable Preferences' (Ch. 9), Chance and Norton investigate strategies for coping with questionable behavior, finding that people justify their actions, remain unaware of the reasons for their own behavior, forget they decided to partake in questionable activities, or stay away from the behavior altogether. These strategies help an actor avoid feeling like an 'unethical or immoral individual' (p. 145), but the consequences may sacrifice truth for personal happiness. In 'Lying for Love in the Modern Age: Deception in Online Dating' (Ch. 10), Toma and Hancock examine the belief that online dating is rife with deception. In their revealing study, they find that daters are least likely to lie about 'relationship deal-breakers' (e.g. marital status) (p. 162); however, men are more likely to falsify their height, education, and occupation, and women are more likely to falsify their weight – features that are supposedly attractive to the opposite sex. Finally, Sternglanz's 'Exoneration of Serious Wrongdoing via Confession to a Lesser Offense' (Ch. 11) presents three interesting studies on appearances of guilt and innocence. Sternglanz finds that when retelling an accusation of wrongdoing, friends appear less guilty than strangers, men appear more innocent when offering no defense against the accusation, and women lessen their appearance of guilt by admitting to a non-related lesser offense. Admitting to a related lesser offense lowers all participants' levels of apparent guilt – a finding that should be further researched to aid criminal justice professionals. Overall, this is an excellent volume, but one note about generalizability must be made: the studies were frequently conducted in inauthentic settings and/or included low participant numbers. Thus, results must be interpreted within these constraints. However, the goal of presenting truth and deception as non-dichotomous constructs is highly successful; as such, scholars across disciplines will find valuable research upon which to build in this original compilation.


PART ONE: ISSUES AND PERSPECTIVES Bilingual Education - Amado M Padilla Issues and Perspectives History of Language Minority - Marguerite Malakoff and Kenji Hakuta Education in the United States PART TWO: RESEARCH PERSPECTIVES IN BILINGUAL EDUCATION Language and Cognition in Bilingual Children - Kenji Hakuta Rationales for Native Language Instruction - Catherine E Snow Evidence from Research African American Dialects and Schooling - Halford H Fairchild and Stephanie Edwards-Evans A Review PART THREE: PROGRAM DESIGN AND EVALUATION Bilingual Immersion Education - Kathryn J Lindholm Criteria for Program Development Development of a Bilingual Education Plan - Concepcion M Valadez and Clementina Pati[na]no Gregoire Evaluation of an Elementary School Bilingual Immersion Program - Kathryn J Lindholm and Halford H Fairchild PART FOUR: THEORY INTO PRACTICE: STRATEGIES FOR THE CLASSROOM Combining Language and Content for Second-Language Students - Donna Christian et al Language and Problem Solving - George Spanos and JoAnn Crandall Some Examples from Math and Science Innovative Second-Language Instruction at the University - Marguerite Ann Snow and Donna M Brinton Dialogue Journal Writing - Joy Kreeft Peyton Effective Student-Teacher Communication Beginning at the Beginning - Joy Kreeft Peyton First-Grade ESL Students Cooperative Learning - Evelyn Jacob and Beverly Mattson Instructing Limited-English-Proficient Students Material Needed for Bilingual Immersion Programs - Karen Willetts and Donna Christian Innovations in Bilingual Education - Halford H Fairchild and Amado M Padilla Contributions from Foreign Language Education


The industrial sector's share of gross value added has decreased in virtually all western European countries since 2000. The only exception is Germany, where this proportion has remained more or less unchanged. However, there are large differences within the EU. Whereas the Czech Republic (industry share of 24.7%), Ireland (23.3%), Hungary (22.7%) and Germany (22.4%) have all managed to retain a broad industrial base, manufacturing currently accounts for only around 10% of economic output in Greece, France and the UK.


ABSTRACT. The theory that I shall seek to elaborate here puts considerable emphasis on Wittig's understanding of lesbian, her literary and theoretical representations of lesbian passion, sexuality, and politics, and her urging on the vast capacity of becoming-other in the area of lesbian desire. The purpose of this article is to gain a deeper understanding of Wittig's use of "inversion," her fluctuations on metamorphosis, and her positive evaluation of the natural world.Keywords: gender; sex; heterosexuality; lesbian; social; politics1. IntroductionThe paper generates insights about Wittig's account of sex as a fictive category, her intrinsic examination of the connection between the regime of heterosexuality and the categories of sex, her interest with feminism and anticolonial battles, and her substitution of phallogocentrism. Although researchers have discovered some important findings regarding Wittig's interest in social totalities, her mentions to working-class struggles (Nica, 2014b), and the totalizing urge in Wittig's writings, there is still a great deal that is unknown and that requires further empirical inquiry.2. Wittig's Call for Gender EradicationLes Guerilleres is a feminist revising of the paternal epic as typified by Homer's Iliad and Odyssey, establishing a gulf in the patriarchal diffusion and acknowledgement of the latter. Wittig reacts to the patriarchal transmission and reception of Homer's poems, challenges the position of the male-dominated view of the patriarchal epic, utilizes classical myth to express the interests and experiences of the female, and undertakes the world of myth and epic, handling and recreating an ancient text to disclose a female view. Wittig takes the conventional epic form and submitting it to a trenchant examination is bringing about a female epic that can further the improvement of an independent subjecthood, and restores the interpretation of female identity. Myth is influential in both the institution and questioning of entrenched ideologies and patterns. Wittig's female ancestry is inclusive and global. (Burke, 2010) Wittig's drastic lesbianization of the world releases the metaphoric energies in writing to undermine the aheady-written in the rule of phallologocentrism. Wittig questions for the lesbian subject overwhelming agencies and practices composing patriarchy, sexualizes as lesbian the setting of writing itself, and indicates how textual practice can depict an extremely new sexuality. Wittig imposes the limitation of the extensive employment of the neutral pronoun "one," and the exclusive utilization of the present tense, will revive an obsolete or rare denomination concept to specify a new or found term, and displays an inter-species tendency for fantasized mating, erotic encounter, or social ritual. The engraving of desire flows subversively as a material "interrupter" through the established scope. Degradation and animal-becoming are a type of sovereignty intrinsic to life under regimes of persecution. Clearness, limpidity, and sanity are critical to literary practice. The forward slash splitting j/e permits boundless transformation for the incarnate lesbian subject. Les guerilleres employs the collective subject elles to specify evacuated "psychological" heroines. (Campbell, 2013) Wittig adopts lesbianism both as a sexual orientation and as a political attitude, identifies the area beyond sexual categories with the lesbian, and connects the concept of erection and the masculine portrayal of feminine difference as an oppressive result of phallic discourse. Wittig considers the practice of sex/gender detrimental to women in discourse, and uses the fictiveness of sex/gender to handle. Lesbianism is a direction out of the heterosexist constraint of women to an oppressed gender function. The lesbian is the only subject that can position beyond the category of sex. Whenever women speak, they undertake a linguistic sphere in which they are dispossessed of influence and command. …


Introduction The integration of wireless communications and computing power has enabled recent advances in software defined radio (SDR) such as the GNU Radio platform. The capability to use software to intelligently configure transmission parameters in response to perceived changes in the operating environment adaptive is giving further impetus to the development of 'cognitive radio technology.' Cognitive radio seeks to better utilize the electromagnetic 'wifi' spectrum, chiefly by sensing underutilized bandwidth and helping the various transmitting agents, typically mobile agents, to negotiate and most efficiently use such available bandwidth. Cognitive Radio is considered as one of the key candidates for fourth generation (4G) wireless technology [1]; the field of 'cognitive radio' was considered to have been launched with the 2000 thesis of J. Mittola [2]. Use of underutilized bandwidth requires a sensing of the traffic across the spectrum of available bandwidths, which will be the focus of this project.


Within the scope of the study, thermal comfort analysis was performed using the ENVI-met program of the Misak-i Milli Square in Safranbolu, and it was determined that the thermal comfort perception of the square as slighty warm-warm. For this reason, a new design proposal has been submitted for the square. In the proposal, the green ratio and the number of trees was increased, the type and location of the trees was changed. The flooring materials was replaced with a stone covering with a higher albedo and new functional suggestions were made for the square. As a result of the thermal comfort analysis of the new proposal, the thermal comfort perception in the square was neutral and the thermal dissatisfaction rate was reduced below 14.5%. In result of the study, it was underlined that the ratio of green areas and the tree type, number and location that constitute it and the choice of flooring materials are important parameters in providing the thermal comfort of the square.


The authors demonstrate the use of patronymic data for the study of relations among populations and migration. Various studies using French data mostly historical are presented and discussed. (ANNOTATION)


the first 4-5 years of life. However, early closure of the epiphyses leads to a reduced final height. Hyperlipidaemia may result in pancreatitis. Polycystic ovarian syndrome with hyperandrogenism and irregular menses has been reported.' 2 The syndromes of partial lipodystrophy include face-sparing lipodystrophy and cephalothoracic lipodystrophy (box 1). The pathophysiology of these disorders is poorly understood. The currently debated theories are listed in box 2. The other insulinresistant states are tabulated in box 3. No therapeutic agent has been shown to be uniformly effective in treating insulin resistance. The diabetic state requires high dosages (sometimes thousands of units per day) of insulin. When very high doses are needed U500 preparations may help cut down the volume ofinjection. Insulin-sensitizing agents may have a role in the treatment of the severe insulin resistance states. Metformin and thiazolidinedione have been tried with variable results in some patients with Type B insulin resistance syndrome.5 Insulin-like growth factor-i, a member of the proinsulin family, also seems to hold promise in the treatment of severe insulin-resistant states.6 Topical application of tretinoin cream or gel has been found to be useful in controlling acanthosis nigricans.7 Virilisation features may require spironolactone, or low-dose cyproterone or oral contraceptive pills.


The system of independent director stipulated in Company Law of the People's Republic of China has some shortcomings when applied both home and abroad.How to treat this system,especially its retention or abolition,is a major issue that legal services workers should consider.In practice,independent directors of listed companies often failed to play their ideal roles of supervision.Their " independence" in the supervisory mechanism of listed companies is greatly reduced.Through careful discussion,this thesis draws a conclusion on whether to retain or abolish the system of independent directors.


In rapidly changing social environments, the COVID-19 pandemic has brought dramatic changes in people's daily lives. They have worked to improve learning commitment and learning outcome by enhancing learning presence through smooth communications with students after going through trials and errors in non-face-to-face classes in order to adapt themselves to such new circumstances. This study attempted to investigate the influence of the learning presence of such online classes on learning commitment and learning outcome against college students majoring in hairstyling and develop a plan to deliver high-quality education with a goal of providing basic data for the growth and development of cosmetology education. For this, a self-administered questionnaire survey was performed against college students majoring in hairstyling in Seoul and Gyeonggi-do. A total of 301 copies were used for final analysis, and the results found the followings: It is required to develop high-quality class environments to make students recognize learning presence on their own and attain a smooth communication between teachers and students and among students. It is anticipated that there would be further studies with more specific academic majors.


Verily All men and women who have surrender themselves unto Allah and all believing men and believing women and all truly devout men and devout women, and all men and women who are true to their word and all men and women who are patient in adversity and all men and women who humble themselves before Allah and all men and women who give in charity and all self-denying men and all self-denying women and all men and women who remember Allah unceasingly, for all of them has Allah readied forgiveness of sins and a mighty reward.


[Objectives] To verify the effects of the host plant volatiles on the behavior of adult Batocera lineolata Chevrolat. [Methods] The electroantennogram and behavioral responses of the B. lineolata adults(unmated females, unmated males and mated females) to 10 kinds of plant volatiles were tested with EAG and a Y-tube olfactometer. [Results] The ten test chemicals induced clear EAG responses. B. lineolata adults had the strongest EAG responses to the tested plant volatiles when the concentration was 100 μg/μL. The EAG responses values of unmated female and male and mated female B. lineolata adults to(Z)-3-Hexen-1-ol were the highest, being 2.35, 2.31 and 2.22, respectively. As for behavioral responses, unmated female and male B. lineolata adults were strongly attracted to(Z)-3-Hexen-1-ol, whereas Linalool had an obvious repellent effect on unmated female and male B. lineolata adults. None of the compounds tested were attractive to mated female B. lineolata adults. [Conclusion] The results provide some theoretical basis for the development of effective attractants for B. lineolata.


Brane theory or M-theory requires seven additional dimensions beyond the four of standard space-time. I suggest that observational evidence for the existence of at least one of these additional dimensions can be found in the phenomenon that Rudolph Carnap called the "now" problem. I will argue that the main difficulty in explaining the "now" phenomenon is that it cannot be resolved within a conventional 4-dimensional spacetime, but it has a very natural and almost intuitive explanation in a higher dimensional continuum. A brane model for the universe not only provides a straightforward explanation for all of the observed properties of the "now" moment, including the asymmetry between the past and the future, it also eliminates the familiar paradoxes of time travel because the brane model does not allow time travel, which would entail a forbidden departure from the brane. The brane model provides a natural physical context for what philosophers call "presentism" because the brane exists only in (and indeed defines) the moving "now" or present moment at each spatial point.


Question: An 83-year-old woman was admitted to the hospital with rectal bleeding. She complained about pain in her lower back ecause of a heavy fall at home 2 weeks before. Owing to atrial fibrillation and low cardiac output, she had been under constant reatment with phenprocoumon. On rectal examination, a soft mass was felt dorsal on supine position. Laboratory studies revealed abnormal coagulation tests ith a prolonged prothrombin time (international normalized ratio, 2.5) and a slightly prolonged partial thromboplastin time of 8 seconds (normal, 24 –36). The platelet count was within the normal range, and her serum creatinine was elevated (4 mg/dL). ecause of severe anemia (hemoglobin, 7.5 g/dL), she received a pack of red blood cells. Ileocolonoscopy revealed massive diverticulosis of the entire colon and a 3-mm opening to the dorsal rectal wall with discharge f blood (Figure A). Computed tomography without contrast enhancement because of impaired renal function was performed, evealing a 7 7-cm round, liquid mass (Figure B) that could also be demonstrated by rectal endosonography (Figure C). Correlating her clinical and imaging findings, what is your diagnosis? Look on page 270 for the answer and see the GASTROENTEROLOGY web site (www.gastrojournal.org) for more information on submitting your favorite image to Clinical Challenges and Images in GI.


In the current economic, social and political context, the problem of the competitiveness reform in public sector lies in the assumption of strategic approaches focused on meeting the public interest, with the lowest cost for society. The philosophy management which governs public sector reform tends to create new paradigms and contributes to shaping a new way of thinking and behavior. Central idea of this paper is that the two dominant models of administration: bureaucracy and governance, provides a range of institutional opportunities but also raises a number of barriers to strategic approaches to emerging public sector. Bureaucracy is for example, criticized because the lack of prioritization skills and lack of goals and also because lacks to stimulate innovation in the public sector. Bureaucracy leads to uniformity, flattening of public services. Governance model contains a number of similarities with the strategic approach in the public sector, when we talk about networks, interdependence and self-organizing nature of public administration. The issue that we are trying reveal to your attention is that the current institutional conditions are more complex than two models mentioned are able to cover. These new demands require the types of organizational structures based on flexible, decentralized structure to replace the traditional centralized, which now is totally inapplicable. Institutional framework may, for example, to provide an opportunity for the New Public Management, but also create a barrier to governance.