The paper presents the results of studies on the influence of fillers, introduced into lubricating greases, on the rheological properties of resultant grease compositions. These fillers were graphite and PTFE powders. They are added to greases in order to improve their tribological properties. They also affect their rheological properties, and they mainly change the value of the shear stress in grease during its flow in a lubrication system. Knowledge of this value is important in designing automated central lubrication systems in which these compositions may be used. Measurements during experimental tests were performed by means of a rotary rheometer Rheotest 2.1. Tests were performed on pure lithium and bentonite greases, with the addition of oxidation and corrosion inhibitors as well as compositions of these greases with different shares of the above mentioned fillers. These tests were performed by changing the gradient of shearing rate. Test results have shown that both the kind of grease and the kind of filler introduced into this grease affect the rheological properties of produced grease compositions. Słowa kluczowe: smary plastyczne, wypełniacze, właściwości reologiczne, układy smarowania maszyn. Streszczenie W pracy przedstawiono wyniki badań nad wpływem wypełniaczy wprowadzanych do smarów plastycznych na właściwości reologiczne powstałych kompozycji smarowych. Wypełniaczami tymi były proszki grafitu i PTFE. Dodawane są one do smarów w celu poprawy ich właściwości tribologicznych. Wpływają też na ich właściwości reologiczne, a głównie na zmianę wartości naprężenia stycznego w smarze podczas jego przepływu w układzie smarowniczym. Znajomość tej wartości jest ważna podczas budowy zautomatyzowanych układów centralnego smarowania, w których mogą być wykorzystane te kompozycje. Pomiary podczas badań doświadczalnych przeprowadzono na reometrze rotacyjnym Rheotest 2.1. Badaniom poddano smary litowy i bentonitowy czyste, z dodatkami inhibitorów utleniania i korozji oraz kompozycji tych smarów z udziałami wymienionych powyżej wypełniaczy. Badania te prowadzono, zmieniając gradient prędkości ścinania. Wyniki badań wykazały, że zarówno rodzaj smaru, jak też rodzaj wypełniacza wprowadzonego do tego smaru mają wpływ na własności reologiczne wytworzonych kompozycji smarowych. * The President Stanisław Wojciechowski State University of Applied Sciences in Kalisz; Polytechnic Faculty, Department of MBM; ul. Nowy Świat 4, 62-800 Kalisz, Poland. INTRODUCTION The diversity of lubricating equipment, lubrication methods, and a wide range of commercially offered lubricants are often reasons for doubts about the correct choice of a lubricant and lubrication method. The rich assortment of available lubricants and lubricating equipment allow users to make a more optimal choice for a specific application; however, at the same time, the multiplicity of these products and devices often lead to misuses, causing breakdowns. Another problem is improper use of lubricants, consisting in feeding too 48 ISSN 0208-7774 T R I B O L O G I A 3/2017 large amounts of lubricants to tribological nodes, which, apart from higher operating costs of friction nodes, is a threat to the environment. However, recently there have been improvements in this area. According to statistical data quoted by the literature [L. 1], in highly developed countries, despite an increase in the number of machines and devices, the demand for lubricants declines. This decline results from the fact that they are supplied to lubricated nodes in a strictly defined time and in optimal doses. Lubrication methods are different and, depending on the needs, besides manual lubrication (being used less and less often), they can be semi-automatic or fully automatic lubrication. Both in semi-automatic and at fully automated lubrication, central lubrication systems are used. The main feature of these systems is that many friction nodes are lubricated by means of one pressure device. Lubricants used in these systems are oils and lubricating greases. So far, lubrication using lubricating grease is, besides air-oil lubrication, the simplest and least expensive method of minimal lubrication. Grease portions used here can be fed to a tribological node in optimum, usually very small amounts; therefore, this method is increasingly being used. Therefore, a lot of attention is dedicated to the quality of these greases by introducing into their structure various additives, which significantly improve their lubricating efficiency. DISCUSSION ON RESEARCH ISSUES Besides tribological properties of lubricating greases that ensure the best possible lubricating properties in a tribological node, lubricating efficiency is also affected by their rheological properties. Rheological properties of grease determine whether it will be fed to lubricated surfaces, and if so, whether in the required amount. Rheological properties of grease are affected both by the kind of thickening agent and base oil, and largely also by additives introduced to obtain additional properties required by operating conditions of a given node. These additives significantly affect the structure of grease in which the fundamental role is played by, besides the base oil, the kind, properties, and geometric form of the thickener. The geometric form of individual types of a thickener is very diverse, and ensembles of its particles take on shapes of oval bodies, plates, threads, or various forms of streaks. Both the geometric form and the surface energy of these ensembles have a significant influence on the resulting structure of grease, including its rheological properties. Among rheological properties, the structural viscosity and a yield stress (flow limit) has essential significance for transporting grease in a lubrication system (from a grease tank to a lubricated node). In order to modify the structure of grease and make it more resistant to, often very high, external loads, additives are used, which, by altering interactions between the base oil and ensembles of particles of the thickener "improve" the quality of the grease. Solid lubricants, such as graphite or molybdenum disulphide, as well as powdered PTFE or some non-ferrous metals are often introduced into this structure. The purpose of this modification of the grease structure is to improve its lubricity under heavy-duty conditions and low rubbing speed, i.e. under conditions of mixed friction. In areas where the grease separating two contacting surfaces is missing, these fillers provide conditions for boundary (semi-dry) friction. It is important, however, to ensure that these fillers added to the grease do not cause a significant increase in structural viscosity and the yield stress, i.e. parameters which determine the socalled "pumpability"" of greases. An increase in these parameters impedes the flow of grease in the lubrication system and may block its inflow to a lubricated assembly. The above-mentioned fillers added to lubricating grease should have, due to their volume fraction, an adverse influence on the "pumpability" of the resultant grease composition by raising its viscosity. However, at the same time, it should be borne in mind that this viscosity is significantly influenced by physicochemical interaction between ensembles of particles of the thickener and of the filler introduced in form of a powder into the grease. This interaction depends on the "initial" structure of grease and the current state of this structure after the introduction of filler. Shapes of ensembles of filler particles (oval, thread-, streak-like, or flake-like forms), their energy potential and surface energy of introduced filler particles may change values of both the structural viscosity and the yield stress of the resultant grease composition. Figure 1 schematically illustrates the effect of both these interactions [L. 2, 4]. As shown in Fig. 1a, the addition of powdered filler has caused a decrease in the value of shear stress despite the thickening of the resultant grease composition with a few percentage shares of filler being a solid substance. As shown in this figure, the introduction of active filler particles leads to such a modification of bonds between the ensembles of thickener particles that consequently, decrease the values of structural viscosity and yield stress. If, however, the introduced filler particles are not very active or are inactive, then the geometric factor causing the thickening of the resultant grease composition is of major significance, and the physicochemical interaction between these particles is of no essential importance. In consequence, both the value of structural viscosity and the yield stress increase (Fig. 1b). In an earlier publication with the author's participation, results of previous research were given on the influence of fillers in the form of powdered graphite, PTFE, and MoS2 on values of shear stresses occurring in resultant grease compositions at different gradients of shearing rate at a fixed temperature and shearing time. 49 ISSN 0208-7774 T R I B O L O G I A 3/2017 This publication presents extended and more detailed research on the influence of some of these fillers, i.e. PTFE and graphite powders, on the value of shear stresses both in the "grease mass" and in the boundary (near-wall) layer. Particular attention was paid to the boundary layer. The results of the research on properties of grease in the boundary layer are particularly useful when designing central lubrication systems. Therefore, the research is a reference to previously published results and is their extension. experimental tests and analyses were performed only on 5, 10, and 15% concentrations of fillers, because at these concentrations the influence of fillers on rheological properties of these compositions was most noticeable. The main research was carried out on lithium grease, and test results of bentonite grease (Figs. 7 and 8) are presented for comparison. F


INTRODUCTION Random regression (RR) models are a popular choice for the analysis of longitudinal data or 'repeated' records. Programs for estimation of the corresponding covariance functions via restricted maximum likelihood (REML) are available (e.g. Gilmour et al., 1999; Meyer, 1998), but high computational demands of REML analyses severely limit their feasibility. Bayesian analysis using Gibbs sampling provides an alternative which is markedly simpler to implement and requires considerably less memory than REML, thus facilitating large scale analyses.


The invention relates to a method and apparatus for producing composite metal blocks, which are transformed by extrusion into composite pipes. Composite pipes are used in chemical-thermal operating ranges and consist of at least two different steel materials, to meet, for example, corrosion protection requirements and thermal stability criteria simultaneously. It is the object of the invention to produce composite tubes made of steel of such composite blocks, which can be manufactured in an economical manner by use of good Vormaterialrouten in high quality. The object is achieved by the application of electron beam welding, with which the individual elements are partially joined to form the finished composite block. Subsequently, the composite block is shaped by extrusion to composite pipe with good metallic bond.


We have synthesized artifact-free bulk nanocrystalline copper samples with a narrow grain size distribution (mean grain size of 23nm) that exhibited tensile yield strength about 11 times higher than that of conventional coarse-grained copper, while retaining a 14% uniform tensile elongation. In situ dynamic straining transmission electron microscope observations of the nanocrystalline copper are also reported, which showed individual dislocation motion and dislocation pile-ups. This suggests a dislocation-controlled deformation mechanism that allows for the high strain hardening observed. Trapped dislocations are observed in the individual nanograins.


Three very different re views ... to which I'll reply in turn [29,47,123]. Tw o of them, written by Paul Thagard and Jerry Feldman, engage with my book seriously . The third, by Noam Chomsky, does not. It' s a sadly unscholarly piece, guaranteed to mislead its readers about both the tone and the content of my te xt. It's also defamatory. But that's par for the course: I'm not the first, and I surely shan' t be the last, to be intemperately vilified by Chomsk y. Howev er, more on that later.


In the present study a dynamic grid adaptation (DGA) algorithm is utilized for predicting flow around a circular cylinder in sub‐critical flow regime at a Reynolds number of 1.4×105. The reason for adopting a DGA algorithm is the unsteadiness of the flow field which makes a conventional mesh inefficient. The concept being adopted is to concentrate mesh refinement in regions with high gradients and high turbulent viscosity, while in the region further downstream where the flow is fully developed a coarser mesh will develop and turbulence is modelled with the large eddy simulation (LES) turbulence model.


economic history and attempts to draw broader political conclusions. His contention that the "Kehrite" interpretation is still "deeply entrenched in German historiography" is hardly tenable. Neither is the argument he presents to dispel it. Indeed, most recent scholarship views the rise in radical nationalism and imperialism after 1890 as a popular response to real socioeconomic dislocation and political polarization. Grant denies the existence of either. He does concede that Germany "was not a particularly rich country by the standards of the time," and merely held the "potential for strong export-led growth, eventually realized by the Federal Republic after 1945" (p. 265). But what if it was the perception and not the reality of domestic social crisis that contributed to Imperial Germany's political polarization and helped push the Kaiser's government into war? Instead of addressing this potential contradiction, the author returns seemingly by default to the pre-Kehrite interpretation that German Weltpolitik was a rational response to the "genuine strategic dilemma" presented by British hegemony at sea and Franco-Russian encirclement on the continent (p. 348). Coming at the end of a scintillating and exceptionally nuanced economic history, this conclusion is incongruous and difficult to support. Migration and Inequality offers an uncommonly sophisticated and lucid econometric analysis, important in reopening the virtually dormant debate on the relative "peculiarity" of Imperial Germany's sociopolitical development. The book is likewise persuasive in revising the conventional wisdom that inequality was increasing during the latter phase of the Second Industrial Revolution. Unfortunately the main target of revision, the so-called "Kehrite" school, is no longer worthy of the attention the author renders it. Nor do the superficial forays into comparative and political history match the book's otherwise penetrating economic insights. Perhaps the Kaiserreich was poised for an exportfueled, "economic miracle" in the decade before the First World War. But the evidence presented here does less to refute the Sonderweg than it does revisionist interpretations emphasizing class conflict and the "crisis of classical modernity."


. In this paper we determine the upper bounds of | H 2 (3) | for the inverse functions of functions of some classes of univalent functions, where H 2 (3)( f ) = a 3 a 5 − a 24 is the Hankel determinant of a special type.


AIM
To investigate quantitative and qualitative optical outcomes of single-step transepithelial photorefractive keratectomy (TransPRK) in high myopia.

METHODS
In a prospective interventional case-series, 30 eyes with high myopia (-6.00 to -8.75 D) with (up to -3.00 D) or without astigmatism were enrolled from Bina Eye Hospital, Tehran, Iran. One-step TransPRK was performed with aberration-free aspherical optimized profile and SCHWIND AMARIS 500 laser. One-year follow-up results for refraction, visual acuities, vector analysis, ocular wave-front (OWF) and corneal wave-front (CWF) higher order aberrations (HOA), contrast sensitivity (CS), and post-operative haze were assessed.

RESULTS
After the surgery, both photopic and mesopic CSs significantly improved (both P<0.001). We detected significant induction of OWF coma and trefoil (P<0.001 for both) HOAs; CWF coma (P=0.002), spherical (P<0.001), and tetrafoil (P=0.003) HOAs in 6 mm analysis diameter; and CWF trefoil (P=0.04) HOA in 4 mm analysis diameter. The range of mean induction observed for various HOAs was 0.005-0.11 µm. The 86.7% of eyes reached an uncorrected distance visual acuity of 20/20 or better; 96.7% of eyes were within ±0.5 D of targeted spherical refraction. In vector analysis, mean correction index value was 1.03 and mean index of success was 0.22. By 12mo after the operation, no eye lost any number of corrected distance visual acuity lines. We detected no corneal haze greater than 1+ throughout the follow-up.

CONCLUSION
Our findings show promising effects of single-step TransPRK on quality of vision in high myopic eyes. It also improves refraction and visual acuity.


Acquired haemophilia (AHA) is severe bleedinig disorder caused by autoantibodies against coagulation factor VIII (FVIII).  The antibodies inhibit the coagulation function of FVIII and lead to a decrease in its activity in the patient's plasma. AHA occurs mainly in the elderly and more than half of the cases are idiopathic. The conditions associated with its occurrence include autoimmune diseases, neoplasms and up to 12 months after delivery. The clinical picture is dominated by extensive ecchymosis, less often intramuscular and retroperitoneal hematomas or central nervous system hemorrhages. In laboratory studies, AHA is characterized by isolated activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) prolongation, decreased FVIII activity and the presence of a FVIII inhibitor. Although patients with AHA usually have severe hemorrhagic diathesis, asymptomatic forms may also occur, with the accidentally detected APTT prolongation as the only abnormality. The aims of AHA treatment are to control the bleeding and to eliminate the inhibitor.


Interest in spiritual abuse is a fairly recent phenomenon in research. Originally, it received attention only in the context of child sexual abuse perpetrated by the clergy in the Catholic Church before it was recognized as a specific form of abuse in its own right. In line with Paul Ricœur, I agree that a narrative best describes a person's identity. I, therefore, give space to the voices of three women who were spiritually abused as adults in France in the context of new religious communities that originated after the Second Vatican Council: Sophie Ducrey, Anne Mardon and Marie-Laure Janssens. The social constructionist method allows the uniqueness of each of their narratives to be recognized, while also accounting for shared experiences such as the dynamics of control, desocialization and intrusion into the private spheres of life. Spiritual abuse, which is at the hinge point between the moral and spiritual and the psychological realms, is perpetrated by a spiritual leader who has power over women. The abuse serves to fulfill the psychological or sexual needs of the leader. Abuse of the conscience, theology and spirituality are the spiritual means used, alongside the psychological ones, to cause the women to become dependent. In the process, their desire for God and the affective needs that some may have are abused. The consequences are many, but the loss of self, of which faith is the core, summarizes it well.


With the rapid development of information technology, huge amounts of images stored in cloud-based CCTV systems. How to protect the transmitted image efficiently and reducing the storage cost for the system become to critical research issues. The concept of DNA computing has been intrigued researchers in recent years. It has many potentials, for example, the high density and low cost storage provided by a double stranded DNA; or a realization of low cost parallel computation to solve non-deterministic polynomial time problem using replication of DNA strands. As a result, a vast number of theoretical studies of the application of DNA computing on information security, which require extensive computation power, has been published. In this paper we study DNA computation based image encryption scheme which applies to cloud CCTV system. In many different image encryption research the artifact hyperchaotic map was used. We proposed an image encryption algorithm based on DNA coding and hyperchaotic map which utilizes the chaotic property of the hyperchaotic map on top of DNA computing. Experiment showed that our algorithm is more secure and more computation efficient than some of the recent similar works.


The task of the definition of an a priori unknown Error Correcting code is one of the major tasks for governmental radio control authorities. In particular, the case of the choice of the most probable ECC from the predefined ECCs set. The SA-method (Syndromes analysis method) is suggested to solve the issue. This method is based on the sequences syndrome analysis. Here are given basic results, which were received by statistic simulation method. It's proposed to replace it with much easier (in terms of algorithmic and computational complexity) and equipotential new method based on syndromes computation. For proposed syndrome ECC identification's method (SA-method) we have stated truth criterion for hypothesis (on received potentially corrupted code words): hypothesis should be truth when the zero syndrome's number is not above decision threshold, that depends on investigated ECC parameters and channel bit error probability. We also have found analytical formulas, which define alpha and beta errors' probabilities. The estimation on computational complexity for SA-method have allowed us to conclude that this method is practice-relevant for solving mentioned above problems (i.e. in case of known possible ECC set), and which is quite acceptable to be realized on modern cheap DSP. The proposed ECC's identification SA-method for solving radio emission monitoring problems has extended application area (in comparison with basic method) and easier implementation. Moreover SA-method may be used in practice on radio channels (including channels with high level if noise) for identification both binary and nonbinary ECCs, as well as modem codec's part for ECC switching tracking purposes, as well as for block synchronization purposes.


Three potent anticancer drugs, mitomycin C (MMC), adriamycin (ADR) and carboquone (CQ), were microencapsulated with ethylcellulose in the principles of coacervation with certain modifications and the microcapsules thus prepared were examined with the scanning electron microscope. It was demonstrated in vitro and in vivo experiments that the release of action of microencapsulated MMC was made sustained and long lasting. The in vitro release of ADR and CQ from the microcapsules was also examined.


GIS technology provides an effective means to the demarcation of climatic suitability of commercial forest.According to the climatic condition in which olive grows normally,three climatic factors including≥10℃accumulated temperature,aridity index and sunshine duration were selected as the demarcation indices of climatic suitability.Based on the climatological division,the spatial analyzing models of the demarcation indices were built respectively,and the demarcation indices on fine-grid of 100 m(100 m were calculated.The fine-grid demarcation of climatic suitability of olive planting in Gansu province was carried out by using ArcView 9.2. The results showed that the most suitable and suitable regions were concentrated in the dry-hot valleys and the low mountains below an altitude of 1 300 metres of Bailong river in Wudu county,Tanchang county and Wen county of Longnan,Gansu where the climatic condition is very similar to the Mediterranean climate that is the climate of the olive origin.This study provided scientific basis for spatial allocation of olive in Gansu province.


An optical-electronic instrument operating in scanning and trigger modes is developed on the base of Michelson interferometer. Analysis of a complex-shape surface is carried out; random modulations of interference signal and measurement errors caused by variation of optical path length of object beam at tangential movement of the object are studied. A method is proposed for minimization of the effect of speckle-modulation of interference signal by increasing the number of independent measurements during one pass of optical measuring head and subsequent averaging. The method realization employs an additional modulation of optical path length difference. Experimental results obtained with the instrument make it possible to determine the measurement discreteness and the limit of allowable speed of diffusereflecting object movement during the dynamic measurements.


Volume decomposition is a fundamental issue that draws attention from researchers in different disciplines. In many contexts, a solid model that contains shape information needs to be partitioned into smaller simpler or more meaningful sub-models in order to facilitate efficient or effective analysis. Much progress has been made so far on convex decomposition of polyhedra and relatively difficult geometries; general decomposition on a CAD model with arbitrary shapes to produce intelligent partitions is still highly challenging. The constrained and aggregated half-space volume decomposition approach is aimed at improving the efficiency and intelligence of decomposition by trimming and aggregating cutting surfaces. In this paper, two kinds of extending strategies ("internal" extending and "external" extending) are identified and the algorithms for them are demonstrated.


Introduced the movement circumstance of the Longgu coal mine air compressor machine,points out to circulate the medium shortage.Reason,the work principle and applications that elaborated that the application changes the technique of frequency change economic performance that the technique of frequency produces behind.


The "Internet plus" era has provided unprecedented changes for the development of various industries. Under the impact of "Internet", many deficiencies in the traditional accounting education and teaching have gradually emerged, which brings about both opportunities and challenges for the cultivation of accounting talents in higher vocational colleges. This paper deeply analyzes the changes of the environment for training accounting skilled talents and the transformation of teaching mode of higher vocational colleges. Combined with the requirements of the development of the Internet age, we will foster the accounting talents who meet the requirements of informatization, and gradually cultivate and form a new training mode for accounting skilled talents. Keywords—"Internet plus"; accounting talents; training path


The phototransformation of amlodipine in water was investigated under various conditions. A quantum yield ΦS2.2×10−4 and a half-life time t1/2 0.419 days were calculated when the drug in water (10−4 M) was exposed to sunlight. The only photoproduct found was its pyridine derivative. Formation of this product was explained on the basis of a radical cation intermediate. The acute and chronic toxicity of the drug and its photoproduct were evaluated on different organisms of the freshwater chain (Brachionus calyciflorus, Thamnocephalus platyurus, Daphnia magna, Ceriodaphnia dubia). The photoproduct exhibited a stronger toxic potential than the parent drug on the long time for C. dubia.


The development of this research has been done under the current context of current legislation, which states that all companies listed on the stock exchange must file their financial statements according to International Financial Reporting Standards, IFRS currently have acquired an unprecedented importance in the world seeking the standardization of accounting, becoming a common language for the preparation and presentation of financial statements.
With respect to IFRS 1 "First-time Adoption of International Financial Reporting Standards", the National Supervisory Commission and Securities Company, currently Superintendent of Securities (SMV), CONASEV issued Resolution No. 102-2010-EF / 94 which states that companies under their control and supervision should fully implement IFRS for its financial statements at December 31, 2011, so that all companies must observe the IFRS at the time of regulatory compliance.
On the other hand the electric companies traded, they must apply for the first time the international financial reporting standards, as today more than ever should have information that allows investors to analyze your financial situation and results. As for the research sample was taken as the Regional Electricity Company Electronorte Medio - Hidrandina SA, in the level of research was descriptive research technique that was used is the survey that was used to analyze the results, the that it was determined that there are changes and new accounting policies adopted a positive impact on the presentation of financial statements because it reflects a clear information that allows investors to good decision-making, which show the development of This research work.


Three dimensional unsteady flow field around a simplified fastback car in process of accelerating was simulated numerically with computational fluid dynamics(CFD)method.The aerodynamic drags were calculated at different speeds and different accelerations.The calculated results show that the aerodynamic drag at a certain speed and acceleration are closely related to the current speed and acceleration.Through twice linear fittings,the computational formula of aerodynamic drags was obtained.This formula could work out immediately the aerodynamic drag of the aerodynamic characteristics of a car in accelerating process at a certain speed and acceleration value.


Of all the various cell types present within the lamina propria, it is remarkable that only lymphocytes predominantly gain access to the epithelium.' It seems likely that intestinal intraepithelial lymphocytes have an important immune function, and that this function is distinct from that of the lamina propria lymphocyte, although lymphocytes from both compartments (epithelium and lamina propria) presumably interact in their immune functions. Considerable functional and morphological data have been derived concerning the intraepithelial lymphocytes since this topic was reviewed by Ferguson in 1977.2 It is my intention to review data in regard to the intraepithelial lymphocytes largely published since 1977, to provide some new data, to compare the function and structure of the intraepithelial lymphocytes with that of the lamina propria lymphocyte, and to compare (when appropriate) the structure and function of both intraepithelial lymphocytes and lamina propria lymphocytes with that of peripheral blood lymphocytes. The role of the human intraepithelial lymphocytes will be compared and contrasted to that of the rodent intraepithelial lymphocytes when pertinent. Intraepithelial lymphocytes have been described since 1847 and have been the subject of many curious and speculative publications. For those interested in details of earlier studies of the intraepithelial lymphocytes, the reviews by Otto in 19733 and by Douglas and Weetman in 1975 are highly recommended.


Humic substances (HS) reportedly enhance moisture retention of soil. However, no information is available as to the effects of HS on sand-based golf course putting greens. HS have acidic functional groups (COOH) that are reaction sites on the molecule. An greenhouse experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect that the acidic functional groups in humic acid, tannic acid and citric acid have on the volumetric water content of sand, and the phosphorus (P) content of 'Dominant' creeping bentgrass (Agrostis palustris L.). Bentgrass plugs were grown in calcareous sand and irrigated with 250 mgL C solutions of each of the organic acid products. Irrigation occurred when the volumetric water content of the soil reached 5%. Soil moisture was measured with a HydroSense® water content sensor for 3 months. Phosphate was added as KH2PO4 at 50 kg·ha 2 months into the experiment. The irrigation interval was longer between watering for humic acid, but rarely differed between the treatments. Daily soil moisture percentage following irrigation with all organic acid treatments was different from the control, with humic acid retaining moisture longer on average. Humic acid, tannic acid, and citric acid increased tissue concentrations of P, with tannic acid having the highest percent increase. Further research is necessary to evaluate the residual effects the organic acids may have on longevity in the soil.


The handling of cable systems onboard surface ships and submarines presents a significant technical challenge to design engineers in defense and ocean industries. The current approaches rely heavily on empirical methods and time‐consuming/expensive prototype testing. Computer simulation provides a cost effective way to reduce the high risks associated with the design of the cable‐towed system. This paper presents a new nodal position finite element method (FEM) to effectively simulate the dynamics of cable system experiencing large rigid body rotation coupled with small elastic deformation. The existing FEM deals with the large rigid body rotation by linearized incremental approximation that is prone to numerical inaccuracies resulting from large 3D rotations. By solving for the position directly instead of indirectly via the displacement, the new FEM does not need to decouple the elastic deformation from the rigid body rotation and thus eliminates the error source arising from the linearized incremental approximation in existing FEM. Analysis results demonstrate that the new FEM algorithm is simple and robust by comparing with numerical benchmark test and experiments including sea trial data. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


The heart is one of vital organs in human body. Incidence of heart disease can be fatal for the patient. Myocardial ischemia, the disease that is often suffered by the human, is a disease due to clogged heart arteries blood vessels. One of the ways to detect this disease is by reading the graph output of electrocardiogram (ECG) signal. ECG signal represents the condition and activity of the heart. Specialized knowledge, accuration and expertise are required to read ECG graph. To help expert or doctor, expert system based on artificial intelligent, such as Fuzzy Logic approach, can be applied to improve diagnostic accuracy and thoroughness. Fuzzy logic can be applied because of it flexibility to understand the linguistic variables used in identifying myocardial ischemia disease.


Objective:To study the relationship between cyclin dependent kinase 4 (CDK4),PTEN protein expression and carcinogenisis,progression and recurrence of endometrial carcinoma.Methods:A specific and sensitive immunohistochemical S-P assay was used to detect the expression of PTEN and CDK4 in paraffin-embedded sections of 50 cases of endometrial carcinoma,12 atypical hyperplasia of endometrium and 10 normal endometrium.Results:1.The positive immunostainning rates of PTEN in endometrial carcinoma,atypical hyperplasia of endometrium and normal endometrium were 56.00%,91.00%,100.00%,respectively;and the difference was statistically significant between carcinoma and normal endometrium or atypical hyperplasia of endometrium(P0.05).The expression of PTEN correlated with muscle invasion(P0.05),but not with histological grade or recurrence.2.The positive rate of CDK4 nuclear expression in carcinoma and in atypical hyperplasia of endometrium was significantly higher than that in normal endometrium(P0.05).The nuclear positive expression and overexpression rates of CDK4 were significantly higher in stage Ⅱ~Ⅲ,moderately poorly differentiated(G 2-G 3)carcinoma,1/2 muscle invasion cancer and in recurrence cases.Conclusion:The results suggest that the aberrant expressions of PTEN and CDK4 are closely related to the occurrence,development and recurrence of endometrial carcinoma.


...the equity of practical judgements and the objecti vity of theoretical knowledge.... all these categories are fo rmally generically human, but are infact masculine in term s of their actual historical formation. If we call ideas that claims absolute validity objectivity binding, then it is a f ct that in the historical life of our species there operates the e quation: objective = male (Cited in Lewis 1977: 873)


The study was conducted to explore the perception of geography teachers on the use of ICT in teaching before, during and beyond the pandemic. The study was carried out for the secondary geography teachers in the western region of Bhutan. The researcher employed pragmatism paradigm and sequential explanatory design in this study. The quantitative data were collected through survey questionnaire from 84 secondary geography teachers and focus group discussions with 12 teachers. The quantitative data were analysed using Descriptive statistics, SPSS 22 and the qualitative data were analyzed using thematic analysis. The collation of quantitative and qualitative results indicated the positive perception of teachers in using ICT in teaching and learning. The study revealed that the use of ICT enhances teaching and learning geography. Further, the study revealed the challenges of using ICT in teaching and learning. The study communicated that teachers use of ICT in teaching Geography was minimal before the Pandemic, however due to online teaching and learning the use of ICT expedited during Pandemic. The use of ICT in teaching enhanced teachers knowledge and skills as it was more of exploratory and experiential learning.


Modern radio astronomical facilities are able to detect extremely weak electromagnetic signals not only from the universe but also from man-made radio frequency interference of various origins. These range from wanted signals to unwanted out-of-band emission of radio services and applications to electromagnetic interference produced by all kinds of electronic and electric devices. Energy harvesting wind turbines are not only equipped with electric power conversion hardware but also copious amounts of electronics to control and monitor the turbines. A wind turbine in the vicinity of a radio telescope could therefore lead to harmful interference, corrupting the measured astronomical data. Many observatories seek to coordinate placement of new wind farms with wind turbine manufacturers and operators, as well as with the local planning authorities, to avoid such a situation. In our study, we provide examples as well as guidelines for the determination of the separation distances between wind turbines and radio observatories, to enable a benign co-existence for both. The proposed calculations entail three basic steps. At first, the anticipated maximum emitted power level based on the European EN 550011 ( CISPR, 2015 ) standard, which applies to industrial devices, is determined. Then secondly, the propagation loss along the path to the radio receiver is computed via a model provided by the international telecommunication union. Finally, the received power is compared to the permitted power limit that pertains in the protected radio astronomical observing band under consideration. This procedure may be carried out for each location around a telescope site, in order to obtain a map of potentially problematic wind turbine positions.


Game tasks commonly require dexterous actions and varying amounts of decision-making. People that play games may perform better for basic reaction and decision making tasks in comparison to people that do not play games. This paper presents results from two user studies that evaluate the relationship between self-rated gamer ability and reaction time for two tasks: 1) a task with varying decision complexity, and 2) a task with varying dexterity requirements. Analysis of data from over 150 users shows small effects of self-rated gamer ability on task, but substantial effects of the decision parameters (choices) and dexterity parameters (size and distance) on performance.


"The object of the present paper is to study K-paracontact manifold admitting parallel Cotton tensor, vanishing Cotton tensor and to study Bach flatness on K-paracontact manifold. In that we prove for a K-paracontact metric manifold M^{2n+1} has parallel Cotton tensor if and only if M^{2n+1} is an η-Einstein manifold and r=-2n(2n+1). Further we show that if g is an η-Einstein K-paracontact metric and if g is Bach flat then g is an Einstein. Also we study vanishing Cotton tensor on (k,μ)-paracontact manifold for both k>-1 and k<-1. Finally, we prove that if M^{2n+1} is a (k,μ)-paracontact manifold for k ≠ -1 and if M^{2n+1} has vanishing Cotton tensor for μ ≠ k, then M^{2n+1} is an η-Einstein manifold."


The effect of rare earth element La addition on the isothermal oxidation behavior of a Ni-Cr-W-Mo superalloy was investigated.The results showed that the oxidation resistance can be effectively improved by the addition of La element.The improving degree with the La addition from the worst to the best is 0.0%,0.048%,0.026%,0.087%.For the testing alloys,0,026%La is considered as the optimum amount.It has been found that La-riched phase precipitates with more than 0.02%La addition, and soluted La in the matrix does not increase linearly with the increasing of La addition.The amount of soluted La is considered as the main reason for the improving of oxidation resistance.Diffusion of the Cr~(3+) was impended by LaCrO_3 segregated on the interface of oxide scale.LaCrO_3 as heterogeneous nucleating of MnCr_2O_4,promoted the nucleation of the fine MnCr_2O_4 grains among the Cr_2O_3,forming smooth multi-oxide scale without voids,so that the bounding force between oxide scale and matrix was increased.


This article talks about how the special edueation central school becomes the base of teachers'training of "learning in regular class".It analyses the teachers' training from four aspects as:situation,cognition,net and teahing materials.What's more,it also makes a detailed and actual statement about the training from its webs,teachang materials' forms,and methods.In the end,the author concludes previous achievement and experience,and points out that special education central school should become the base of tcacher's training of"leaning in regular class".


This paper developed a mathematical model of gas dynamic fluid flow for a flat plate during its movement with positive and negative angles of attack. It is shown that at low velocities, the lifting force and the frontal resistance are determined by gas dynamic air flow in the fluid flow exit area while at velocities close to the speed of sound the decisive role is played by a mutual effect of the plate coliding with molecules of the surrounding environment in the fluid flow incidence field. The airflow behind the plate does not appear at low velocities. The conditions when the frontal resistance and the lifting force change the sign are determined.


The deepwater Gulf of Mexico has become more financially attractive in recent years due to advances in several core technologies. Foremost is the use of prestack depth migration for illuminating subsalt geology. The high risk and cost associated with drilling deepwater subsalt features have driven the need for increased resolution of structure and reservoir. Prestack depth migration has increasingly met that need. High‐quality depth imaging has in many cases breathed life into dead prospects and killed those whose time structure unexpectedly disappeared.


Two members of Smad ubiquitin regulatory factor family,Smurf1 and Smurf2,share at least 80% homologous in their protein sequences.A specific Smurf2 monoclonal antibody was required to distinguish Smurf2 from Smurf1,therefore a protein sequence of Smurf2 which has least homolog with Smurf1 was selected as an antigen to immunize mice.After making hybridomas and several rounds of screening,9 positive hybridoma cell lines were obtained.With monoclonal antibodies produced and purified from mouse ascites,specificity and application of Smurf2 monoclonal antibody were tested by ELISA,Western blot and immunostaining.Primary data indicated that this Smurf2 monoclonal antibody has good specificity,and it can recognize both over-expressed and endogernous Smurf2 protein,therefore this antibody would be very useful for studying Smurf2 function in future.


The introduction of unit general management in Northern Ireland is claiming its first casualties among senior nurses. It is set to emulate the storm over the issue which happened several years ago in other parts of the UK.


In this communication there is described the effect of increasing the stimulated area of the central or foveal part of the retina upon the critical frequency of flicker. In order to do this, the vision of one eye—the right—was directed through a long black tube at a screen of constant brightness, the different areas stimulated being obtained and measured by using holes of various diameters in black paper placed over the far end of the tube. Between this end of the tube and the screen was a rotating sectored disk with which the fusion frequency was obtained and measured.It was found that the graph obtained by plotting the measurements has three breaks in it which correspond to the five central retinal zones delineated by histologists It was also found that the fusion frequencies are proportional to the logarithms of the diameters (or areas) of the retinal zones; or primarily, to the number of cones stimulated.A similar set of measurements was made on the periphery of the retina which showed both similariti...


Laparoscopic repair of a Morgagni hernia is a well-described technique in children or adults who present well beyond the neonatal period. However, it is still most often being repaired by an open approach. This repair can be more challenging when a concomitant infectious process is present, which in this case was a perforated appendicitis. A 22-year-old man presented with typical appendicitis but was found to have a perforated appendicitis contained within a congenital diaphragmatic hernia. We demonstrate the safety and efficacy of using laparoscopy to repair a Morgagni hernia, in the setting of a contaminated field, with primary suture repair. Our patient was able to have both his appendectomy and his Morgagni hernia repair with a single operation, and there was no recurrence of the diaphragmatic defect.


The air-conditioning system energy consumption in a typical commercial building were analyzed in four aspects: the component of energy consumption,cooling load per square meter,coefficient of performance and coefficient of water distribution.Suggestions on improving the air-conditioning system are proposed as follows:1)combining the south and north subsystem into a unit system;2)adding variable speed control for water pump;3) modifying the running scheme for fresh air handling units;4) intensifying the management and maintenance of the system.


Algorithmic engineering provides a rigorous framework for describing and manipulating the type of building blocks commonly used to define parallel algorithms and architectures for digital signal processing. So far, the concept has only been illustrated by means of some relatively simple examples. These relate to the use of QR decomposition by Givens rotations for the purposes of adaptive filtering and beamforming. In this paper we present a much more challenging example whereby the techniques of algorithmic engineering are used to derive the QRD-based lattice algorithm for multi-channel least squares linear prediction. The elegant simplicity of this derivation, which comprises a sequence of straightforward diagrammatic manipulations, serves to demonstrate the potential power of algorithmic engineering as a formal design technique.


Abstract Toxic metals exuding from mining remain a challenge to the environment and human health. This study investigated the distribution, contamination, toxicity, and potential risks of toxic metals in rocks, soils, sediments, and tailings from a typical Pb–Zn–F mineralization zone in Nigeria. In this study, 64 samples which include soils, stream sediments, mine tailings, rocks, and plants were collected. All samples were prepared in the laboratory using acceptable international procedures. Metals in media were chemically digested and analyzed using inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometer. The concentration of metals in media was above their concentrations in background samples. The average concentration of As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Hg, Ni, Pb, and Zn in soils of the area is 0.90 µg/g, 0.10 µg/g, 7.10 µg/g, 27.18 mg/kg, 8.90 mg/kg, 0.10 mg/kg, 8.10 mg/kg, 959.30 mg/kg, and 109.30 mg/kg respectively while their concentration in tailings is 5.17 mg/kg, 1.74 mg/kg, 23.40 mg/kg, 38.40 mg/kg, 19.60 mg/kg, 17.00 mg/kg, 1275.00 mg/kg, and 359.80 mg/kg, respectively. Pollution load index (PLI) values for metals are >1 indicating severe pollution in the area. Bioaccumulation and translocation factors were >1 and showed that metals were mobilized from the media to different parts of plants. Risk index (RI) showed that heavy metals posed strong to extreme ecological risks. The carcinogenic risk (CR) is >0.4 and non-CR is >1 for adults and children which implies exposure to high carcinogenic and non-CRs. We suggest that complete remediation of contaminated media be carried out in the area.


The aim of this research was to determine whether consumers are able to read and understand food labels.

A structured interview was conducted during September 2009 with 176 consumers from a cross section of the population. Consumers, from teenagers to pensioners, were interviewed in a variety of locations including a town centre, a cafe, a supermarket, a commercial workplace, a leisure centre and a fast food restaurant.

The majority of respondents (n=155, 88%) try to lead a healthy lifestyle with 149 (85%) reporting that eating healthily is important to them. Over half of respondents (n=102, 58%) read food labels when purchasing food and drink. When presented with a sample of food labels, more than half of consumers (n=96, 55%) interviewed stated that they did not understand the nutritional information and 108 (61%) reported that the labelling information is too small to read. Three out of four consumers (n=134, 76%) announced that they would value educational material with an integral magnifying glass to help them read and understand food labels. There were no significant differences in the findings attributable to the location of interview.

It was concluded that the majority of consumers try to lead a healthy lifestyle and eat a healthy diet but find food labels confusing and too small to read. Educational material with an integral magnifying glass may assist consumers in making healthier food choices. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons.


Abstract Rotational speed is an important physical parameter of stars: knowing the distribution of stellar rotational velocities is essential for understanding stellar evolution. However, rotational speed cannot be measured directly and is instead the convolution between the rotational speed and the sine of the inclination angle vsin(i). The problem itself can be described via a Fredhoml integral of the first kind. A new method (Curé et al. 2014) to deconvolve this inverse problem and obtain the cumulative distribution function for stellar rotational velocities is based on the work of Chandrasekhar & Münch (1950). Another method to obtain the probability distribution function is Tikhonov regularization method (Christen et al. 2016). The proposed methods can be also applied to the mass ratio distribution of extrasolar planets and brown dwarfs (in binary systems, Curé et al. 2015). For stars in a cluster, where all members are gravitationally bounded, the standard assumption that rotational axes are uniform distributed over the sphere is questionable. On the basis of the proposed techniques a simple approach to model this anisotropy of rotational axes has been developed with the possibility to "disentangling" simultaneously both the rotational speed distribution and the orientation of rotational axes.


The need of lubricant based on the huge number of users and the significant increase of costumer each year has made lubricant as one of profitable mechanical thing. Quality control has a very important role in maintaining customer's satisfaction as well. This research aims to analyze the service quality, mainly in distribution process, based on customer's complaint. Customers were asked to give score on some attributes and fill in a questionnaire about their experience related to various types of complaints. Data taken were then analyzed using AHP method. The results show that "Assurance" has the highest weight score (0.313) and "Tangible" has the lowest score (0.118). The multiplication of weight score and faction resulting "Reliable" as the most critical attribute regarding service quality (0.9583)—close to "Understanding" (0.09567). Keywords : Quality control, customer's complaint, distribution, lubricant, Analysis Hierarchy Process (AHP)


To investigate the effect of trivalent cations on the gelation properties of meat protein, the heat-induced gel strength (rigidity) of chicken breast actomyosin with FeCl3 was measured and the microstructures of the heat-set gels were observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The maximum and minimum rigidity of thermally treated actomyosin occurred at about 0.2mM and 0.5mM FeCl3 at pH6.0 in 0.6M KCl. The results obtained from SEM showed a thinner and smoother microstructure but the thickest and largest pore distribution in morphology when FeCl3 was added at 0.2 and 0.5mM, resperctively. The microstructures of the heat-set gels of actomyosin with or without FeCl3 corresponded to the results of their rigidity. Anim. Sci. Technol. (Jpn.) 66 (3):239-243, 1995


The paper presents artificial intelligence from the standpoint of clearing the doubts that lie ahead of its contemporary development. For centuries, in the works of great thinkers, there has been the idea of building a machine that will be able to construct a perfectly logical language through rational mechanical processes that would allow the overall opinion to be reduced to a simple calculation and the various discoveries were made as a result of the conducted research. The theses of strong and weak artificial intelligence have been elaborated. The abandonment of the standard Von Neumann's computer architecture and the introduction of artificial neural networks are the path leading to artificial intelligence. The idea of artificial life and doubt in the future development of superintelligence, whose development has created all the essential assumptions, were observed from the point of view according to which human perception is much more than the logical structure of algorithms.


education in the modern era. The author analyzes the current requirements of the state and professional communities to the discipline «Foreign language» educational outcomes at a medical school, identifies the main changes that have affected this area in connection with the introduction of the latest generation of the Federal State Educational Standard in the specialty 31.05.01 «General medicine», specifies potential of the discipline «Foreign language» in the professionally-oriented communicative competence formation in the educative process of future specialists in the healthcare. Based on the analysis of scientific methodological works of Russian and foreign researchers in the field of linguodidactics, the author clarifies the concept of «professionally-oriented foreign language communicative competence of a future doctor», gives a detailed description of the structural components of this phenomenon, presents typical situations of professional communication of a medical specialist, correlates the main groups of communicative knowledge, skills and attitudes, as well as personal qualities and values that are necessary to form within the framework of the designated situations of professional communication. In conclusion, the author presents the mechanisms for implementing the results of updating the future doctor's professionally- oriented foreign language communicative competence content, which include the modernization of the discipline «Foreign Language» working program curriculum, as well as the development and implementation of an interactive module in the educational process, situated on the NWSMU named after I.I. Mechnikov local educational platform.


Urban landscape in today's context exhibits the large scale use of architectural glass in modern building design as it orchestrate bold and brilliant aesthetic statements. The building envelope design practice do not generally considers the potential life safety hazards of falling glass on occurrence of a disaster whether it is a severe earthquake, a hurricane or a terrorist attack. It has been noticed that architectural design, and in the wind engineering field, building codes contain only minimal information regarding the seismic design of architectural glazing systems. In addition to various Physical-chemical properties of such glasses is not commonly known to the architects and planners which limit their potential use in buildings in order to render them safe from disasters. This paper discusses the performance of glass in disasters. The characteristics of various types of glasses which can prove instrumental in assuring safety to the occupants are presented. It is stated that life safety considerations should be considered In selecting right type of glass to check damages, hamper rescue efforts,, disruptions to building operations that can occur when glass breaks during disasters.


Objective: To investigate the effect of combined rhG-CSF and rhSCF mobilization on bone-marrow stem cells for improving cardiac function, infarct size and ventricular remodeling in acute myocardial infarction rats. Methods:Three hours after injecting isoprenaline to develop acute myocardial infarction model. 32 Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly allocated to rhG-CSF + rhSCF (group A,n=8), rhG-CSF (group B,n=8), rhSCF(group C,n=8) or control treatment (group D,n=8). After 2 to 4 weeks, the parameters of left ventricle systolic function (LVSP.LVEDP and dp/dt) were assessed by echocardiography and the g/G, s/S were measured, respectively. Results: After treatment for 2 and 4 weeks, group A had greater LVSP.LVEDP and dp/dt but smaller s/S than groups B.C.D (P0.05), group A had lower g/G than C.D groups (P0.05). Comparing with treatment for 2 weeks, cardiac function was improved significantly and infarct size was reduced markedly in group A for 4 weeks, but the ventricular remodeling was no significantly changed. No significant difference was found in groups B.C.D. Conclusions: Combination of rhG-CSF and rhSCF provides significant improvements in cardiac function than single use of each agent in the treatment of acute myocardial infarction.


School related photographs from Bessarabia in the 1920s; miscellaneous materials, books, and a textile. The collection dates from the 1920s to 2006.


Purpose: To study the relationship of oxygen level and glucose concentration on the secretion of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) mRNA and protein in several types of cultured retinal cells. Materials and Methods: Several types of human and bovine retinal cells were cultured in medium without glucose, or containing 5 mM or 25 mM D-glucose or 5 mM D-glucose and 20 mM D-galactose. Cells were cultured in 20% O2 ("normoxia") or in 1% O2 ("hypoxia"). After being cultured for 8–96 hr, we measured VEGF protein in the medium and VEGF mRNA in the cell layer, as well as the concentrations of glucose, lactate, and pyruvate in the medium. Results: Hypoxia increased VEGF mRNA and protein in these cells. In normoxia, culture in high glucose medium had no significant effect on basal VEGF production in normal glucose. However, culture in hypoxia and high glucose significantly blunted hypoxic VEGF up-regulation. Culture in normoxia, with no glucose in the medium, significantly increased VEGF. Culture in high galactose medium did not significantly affect VEGF production. Despite considerable lactate production, especially in the presence of 25 mM glucose, addition of strong buffers to the medium had little effect on VEGF production. Conclusions: Cultured retinal cells up-regulate their VEGF production when their energy supply, including glucose and/or O2, is inadequate. Supplying glucose to the cells in the presence of low O2 reduces their VEGF production. We suggest that "early worsening" of retinopathy results when diabetic patients with minimal to moderate retinopathy, whose retinal circulation and, hence, retinal oxygen supply is compromised, are placed on a "tight" glucose control regimen and their major remaining retinal energy source is reduced, with VEGF up-regulation as a compensatory mechanism.


FIELD: physics, navigation. SUBSTANCE: invention relates to radar, primarily to small-size radar stations, and can be used in different types of underwater- and air-based equipment. In the all-around looking radar, which consists of an antenna, a transmitting device, a receiving device, a primary information processing device, a secondary information processing device, the antenna is in form of a printed-circuit board, and a motor and a unit for controlling the rotary drive of the antenna are integrated into a common base of the radar station. The receiving and transmitting devices are in form of submodules, are merged into a receiving-transmitting unit and are connected to the antenna through a circulator. The primary information processing device and the secondary information processing device are a digital signal generating and processing module which is based on logic integrated circuits, digital signal processors, analogue-to-digital converter microcircuits and direct digital signal synthesis microcircuits. A telecode information generator is integrated into the digital signal generating and processing module. Aircraft speed and inclination compensation is performed according to a program in the digital signal generating and processing module. The digital signal generating and processing module is configured to receive a reflected echo signal from the receiving-transmitting unit. After conversion to digital form, the module is configured to form a synthetic aperture, perform correlation processing of the obtained image, select a Doppler target signal (spectrum) and transmit the signal via an Ethernet to an external operator module which is capable of storing and converting map information and display a radar image obtained from the all-around looking radar together with the map of the area. EFFECT: broader functional capabilities for monitoring surroundings and for remote probing of the earth's surface in order to detect low-visibility fixed and mobile objects. 11 dwg


Spherical granules of a crosslinked hydrophilic poly(N-vinylcaprolactam) gel were obtained for the first time by radical polymerization of hydrophobic N-vinylcaprolactam in water in the absence of surfactants. The size of granules can be controlled by introducing various crosslinking agents into the gel composition. Factors affecting the sorption ability of granules include the structure and amount of a crosslinking agent and the temperature of swelling. It was established that the rate of sorbate diffusion varies in the course of sorption. The effective diffusion rate of water molecules in the gel markedly decreases at a temperature of 40°C, which is indicative of a phase transition with a partial loss of water from the gel. The chemical crosslinks modify the chain conformation, thus controlling the degree of hydration of the carbonyl groups in poly(N-vinylcaprolactam).


© 2013 The Authors. doi: 10.2340/00015555-1384 Journal Compilation © 2013 Acta Dermato-Venereologica. ISSN 0001-5555 Churg–Strauss syndrome (CSS) is a complex multiple organ disease (1). The American College of Rheumatology has proposed 6 criteria for CSS classification, with the fulfilment of 4 criteria making a diagnosis of CSS (2). These criteria include asthma, eosinophilia, mononeuropathy or polyneuropathy, pulmonary infiltrates, paranasal sinus abnormality and extravascular eosinophils. Cutaneous manifestations are frequently observed in 40% of CSS patients. We report here a case of CSS presenting atypical cutaneous and subcutaneous manifestations of CSS with flow cytometric analysis of the peripheral eosinophils.


As the population continues to age, the prevalence of atherosclerotic renal artery stenosis (ARAS) is increasing. Prevalence is particularly high among persons with risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD), with estimates ranging from 10.5% among patients undergoing coronary angiography to 54% among those with congestive heart failure (1). Among persons aged 66 years or older, 6.8% have been found to have ARAS (2). Hemodynamically significant ARAS, defined as at least 50% to 70% stenosis, is a leading cause of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and end-stage renal disease (ESRD) (3, 4). Options for ARAS treatment are medical therapyincluding aggressive blood pressure (BP) control, statins, and antiplateletsor renal artery revascularization with continued medical therapy. Percutaneous transluminal renal angioplasty with stent placement (PTRAS) is the current standard for revascularization (5). Use of PTRAS has decreased from its peak in 2006 but remains common at 6.7 procedures per 100000 adults (6). A 2007 systematic review of management strategies for ARAS concluded that the evidence did not support one treatment approach over another, and no defined set of clinical or intervention characteristics was convincingly associated with CVD, BP control, and kidney function (7, 8). Since then, 2 large trialsCORAL (Cardiovascular Outcomes in Renal Atherosclerotic Lesions) (9) and ASTRAL (Angioplasty and Stenting for Renal Artery Lesions) (10)have been published, each calling into question the clinical value of invasive intervention for ARAS. Given the inconclusive prior review and new evidence, it is timely to reevaluate the comparative benefits and harms of strategies for management of patients with ARAS and to identify factors that may predict which patients are most likely to benefit from each intervention. Methods This review was based on a systematic review commissioned by the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ). It followed a standard AHRQ protocol with input from a panel of nephrologists, invasive cardiologists, radiologists, and vascular surgeons. The protocol was published at www.effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov on 20 January 2015. Data Sources We searched MEDLINE and EMBASE from January 2007 through 16 March 2016 and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews through the fourth quarter of 2015. Eligible studies published between 1993 and 2007 from our previous systematic reviews (7, 8) were also included. We supplemented the search with studies in the U.S. Food and Drug Administration database, ClinicalTrials.gov, and the World Health Organization International Clinical Trials Registry Platform; recent systematic reviews; and proceedings of national renal, vascular surgery, and urology conferences from 2012 through 2014. We solicited additional citations from our expert panel and from manufacturers. The electronic search strategy combined terms for renal artery stenosis, renal hypertension, and renal vascular disease and was limited to adult humans, relevant research designs, and the English language (Supplement Table 1). Supplement. Supplemental Information Study Selection Six researchers screened citations in duplicate. We included studies of adults treated for ARAS that reported long-term (6 months) outcomes or adverse events. The outcomes of interest were all-cause mortality; kidney function (renal replacement therapy [RRT] and categorical and continuous changes in glomerular filtration rate [GFR], creatinine clearance, or serum creatinine level); BP control (hypertension and categorical and continuous changes in BP); CVD, including congestive heart failure; and adverse events, including medication-related and procedural complications. We included randomized, controlled trials (RCTs) and nonrandomized, comparative studies (NRCSs) comparing PTRAS versus any medical therapy with at least 10 participants per group. Noncomparative (single-group) studies were eligible only if they reported adverse events or outcome predictors and had at least 30 participants (PTRAS studies) or at least 10 participants (medication-only studies). We also included the 20 most recent (through 2014) case reports of patients with acute ARAS decompensation because of a concern that these patients would not have been included in other studies. Studies of open surgical revascularization and other noncomparative studies are reported elsewhere (11). We excluded studies that evaluated ARAS treatment in patients with kidney transplantation, renal cell or other carcinoma, concurrent aortic or aortoiliac aneurysm repair, or prior revascularization and studies in which more than 20% of the study population had non-ARAS disease. Data Extraction and Assessment Data from each study were extracted by 1 of 6 experienced methodologists and confirmed by at least 1 other. Extracted data included study, participant, and ARAS characteristics; interventions; outcomes; and study design. We applied the Cochrane risk-of-bias tool for RCTs (12) and selected questions from the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (13) about comparability of cohorts, representativeness of the population, and adjustment for different lengths of follow-up. Two reviewers independently assessed risk of bias at the study level, with notation of specific outcomes at increased risk of bias (for example, due to high attrition). Two reviewers independently categorized the strength of evidence across studies as high, moderate, or low for each outcome category on the basis of the number of studies, study designs, study limitations (such as risk of bias), applicability, consistency of study results, precision of effect estimates, likelihood of reporting bias, other limitations, and summary findings across studies (14). Data Synthesis Meta-analysis was not conducted because of significant clinical heterogeneity. Between-group comparisons are summarized by effect size (expressed as either a hazard ratio [HR] or an odds ratio) and were synthesized qualitatively. Role of the Funding Source The funding agency (AHRQ) participated in protocol development and reviewed the full report. The research team independently conducted the review. Results The literature search retrieved 1560 citations, of which 189 were evaluated as full-text articles in addition to 54 studies from the 2006 and 2007 evidence reports and other systematic reviews and 74 case reports (Appendix Figure 1). In total, 83 studies (33 of which were newly identified) were eligible, including 15 that compared PTRAS with medical therapy; 39 that provided data on adverse events; 28 outcome predictor, subgroup, or co-treatment analyses; and 20 case reports of acute decompensation. Appendix Figure 1. Literature flow diagram. ARAS = atherosclerotic renal artery stenosis; NRCS = nonrandomized, comparative study; PTRAS = percutaneous transluminal renal angioplasty with stent placement; RCT = randomized, controlled trial. * Does not include studies that were screened and excluded for the 2006 report. Studies of open surgical revascularization and other noncomparative studies are reported elsewhere (11). Characteristics of Comparative Studies Fifteen comparative studies with 4006 total patients compared PTRAS with medical therapy for ARAS. Of these, 7 were RCTs (9, 10, 1521) and 8 were NRCSs (2229). The 7 RCTs analyzed a total of 2178 patients. The 2 largest RCTs (CORAL [9] and ASTRAL [10]) reported on 931 and 806 patients, respectively, and the remaining RCTs included a range of 52 to 140 patients (9, 10, 1517, 19, 21). Enrolled patients had uncontrolled BP while receiving at least 2 medications and up to about stage 3 or 4 CKD (Table 1; Supplement Table 2). The definitions of ARAS varied across studies (Supplement Table 3). Only the CORAL trial measured stenosis severity with translesional pressure gradients (9). All trials excluded patients with acute decompensation. Three of the 7 RCTs had high risk of attrition bias, and 2 had unclear risk. Two RCTs have been reported only as conference abstracts (19, 21); both had incomplete study descriptions and high risk of selective outcome reporting, and 1 included only selected patients from a terminated trial (21) (Supplement Table 4). Table 1. Characteristics and Main Results of Comparative Studies of PTRAS Versus Medical Therapy Table 1Continued Eight NRCSs compared PTRAS with medical therapy among 1828 patients (2229). All NRCSs included patients who had uncontrolled BP while receiving at least 2 medications and about stage 3 to 4 CKD. Four studies included patients with acute flash pulmonary edema or acute kidney injury (25, 26, 28, 29). The NRCSs were about evenly divided between high and low risk of selection bias (5 with high risk and 3 with low risk), attrition bias (incomplete outcome data; 3 with high risk and 5 with low risk), and selective reporting bias (3 with high risk, 4 with low risk, and 1 with unclear risk). In all NRCSs, the sample representativeness was rated as having low risk of bias. Reporting of medical therapy was often incomplete, and none of the NRCSs adequately adjusted for potential confounders. Effects of Interventions on Outcomes Mortality We found low strength of evidence of no difference in mortality, but none of the studies was powered to detect differences between PTRAS and medical therapy. Four RCTs (9, 10, 15, 16) reported mortality data for 1 to 5 years of follow-up, and 5 NRCSs (22, 24, 26, 27, 29) reported mortality at 6 months or later (Table 1; Supplement Table 5). Effect sizes ranged from 0.55 to 2.35, with no clear explanation for the heterogeneity (Figure 1). In the 4 RCTs, no statistically significant differences were found between PTRAS and medical therapy alone in all-cause mortality and cardiovascular mortality. Among the 5 NRCSs, only 1 found a statistically significantly reduced risk for death (45% with PTRAS vs. medical therapy) (26). Figure 1. Forest plot of effect size of death in adults w


In a 3-year field study in cucurbits infected with potyviruses, alate aphids trapped alive on a vertical screen or in horizontal suction or yellow-pan traps were tested individually on virus-susceptible plants for virus (natural) infectivity. Trap types differed in effectiveness for trapping some aphid species. Of 40 species of aphids tested for natural infectivity, 4 transmitted virus: Aphis citricola Van der Goot, A. middletonii (Thomas), A. illinoisensis Shimer, and Myzus persicae (Sulzer). Of these, 92.0% of all infective aphids were either A. citricola (52.0%) or A. middletonii (40.0%). In another study, 7 of 23 species of aphids trapped alive where there were no infected cucurbits, and fed on sources of watermelon mosaic virus 2 (WMV-2) or zucchini yellow mosaic virus (ZYMV) in the laboratory, transmitted the virus. Of these transmissions, 93.1% were by three species: A. citricola (48.3%), A. middletonii (27.6%), or M. persicae (17.2%). Their efficiency rates were 18.3, 30.8, and 23.8%, respectively. Average rate of transmission of WMV-2 was 9.7% and of ZYMV was 21.4%.


An estimation of the relative probability of electron expulsion from inner shells of atoms following heavy cluster decay or nuclear spontaneous fission is performed. The calculation takes into account the recoil of the daughter nucleus, both in the case of dipole and quadrupole terms. The results show an enhancement of the electron emission probability in comparison with the case of α-decay.


An orthogonal experiment design L9(34)was applied to verify the effects of 6-BA(200,1 000,1 500 mg/L)and PP333(25,150,50 mg/L)on tillering capacity(in bloom period,later flowering period,pass out of bloom period)in Hemerocallis hybrida Hort.The results indicated that the application of 6-BA and PP333during proper growing seasons could promote plant tillering obviously.The effect order that the applied period,6-BA,PP333.In this experiment,the best treatment was that 6-BA 1 000 mg/L+PP33325 mg/L,and was applied during later flowering period.


We investigate a class of problems that deal with ranked data. Such data can be found in a variety of domains, ranging from inherently competitive fields such as sports and business, to more surprising applications such as relevance ranking and temporal data (where more recent events rank higher). In this paper, we deal with ranked data in a Subgroup Discovery setting, where we are looking to find subgroups that occur predominantly at the top of the ranking. The analysis of ranked data can be posed as either a regression or an ordinal discovery problem, and we introduce and review a number of quality measures for both settings. As an additional challenge, the possibilities of ties in the ranking (a so-called partial ranking) is accounted for. The techniques for ranked Subgroup Discovery are tested on an important application in cancer research, where a given ranking of 12k genes (based on their individual involvement in a tumour called neuroblastoma) is analysed for common functional themes among the top-ranking genes.


Abstract The paper analyses some phenomena affecting the cam-follower contact conditions, highlights some detrimental influences over the lubrication regime in this contact. The analysis of the theoretical model revealed the significant influence of thermal and starvation effects on the reduction of film thickness. To avoid these negative phenomena and in order to improve the lubrication regime we propose an original technical solution by using additional oil feed with oil jets, directed over the contact area.


Development of scramjet engines is accomplished through extensive ground testing and design iteration before an attempt to flight test a hypersonic vehicle. In order to simulate the extreme conditions experienced by these vehicles during flight in ground test facilities, fuel is burned in the air flow upstream of the test article. The burning of fuels generates vitiates, whose effects on scramjet engine performance is not well understood and makes accurate prediction of flight performance difficult. An Office of the Secretary of Defense (OSD) Test and Evaluation/ Science and Technology (T&E/S&T) funded multi-year effort began in 2004 to address this issue. Managed by the USAF Arnold Engineering Development Center (AEDC), Arnold AFB, TN, this effort involves a government and academia team consisting of AEDC, the Air Force Research Lab (AFRL), NASA Langley Research Center (LaRC), George Washington University (GWU), the University of Virginia (UVA), the University of Pittsburgh (UPitt), and North Carolina State University (NCSU) with close coordination with several industry partners. The focus of the effort is on improving the state of the art of CFD code prediction capabilities of the effects of the test media present in today's ground test facilities on the flameholding characteristics in scramjet engine combustors. This multiyear effort is planned out in three distinct phases and will reach completion in 2010. This paper will focus on the first phase, of the project the initial development of the CFD codes.


The dynamical behavior of ibuprofen or benzoic acid (model molecule of ibuprofen) encapsulated in mesoporous silica is very specific as a very high mobility is evidenced at ambient temperature due to the existence of the confinement effect. In this contribution, we demonstrate through variable temperature 1H MAS NMR experiments that this specific dynamical behavior is also related to a fast chemical exchange that takes place between protons of the COOH group of the organic molecule and protons from water molecules at the surface of the silica for materials obtained through incipient wetness impregnation. This phenomenon implies a weak interaction between the guest molecule and the silica surface that is related to the fast release profile of encapsulated ibuprofen observed in vitro.


This thesis is a description, and assimilation, of the ideas in the works of the later Wittgenstein. Specifically, it deals with the link between Wittgenstein's conception of meaning and his methodologies for philosophy. In order to highlight the crucial points in the later Wittgenstein's work, I have contrasted it with his work from the Tractatus and the works of other Early Analytic thinkers. The primary goal of this thesis is to demonstrate that changes in Wittgenstein's understanding of meaning are closely linked to his changes in his approach to philosophy. The rigidity and obsession with form that present themselves in the Tractatus can be seen as an excellent contrast to the loose and amorphous concepts that are found in the Philosophical Investigations or On Certainty


Menstruation products are crucial elements in a woman's life as it helps in collecting menstrual fluids hygienically.
Reasons behind women choosing a particular menstrual product are myriad and complex, factors often been
interrelated. Since prehistoric times there had been a mute struggle of young girls and women folks to carry on their
daily chores smoothly along with menstruation. However, at present the sanitary products available in the market are
detrimental for the environment because of the usage of hidden plastic. Hence the rising trend of using green or
menstrual products.This study explores the factors and barriers for a consumer in choosing a green sanitary product.
This involves a systematic literature review relating to the usage of menstrual product and a case study based on one of
the states of India,West Bengal with a sample of 142 females. Study reveals a significant difference in green sanitary
product usage with respect to its awareness,income and education of the sample.


Abstract On 18 April 1981, 8 out of 10 persons who consumed mussels became affected by paralytic shellfish poisoning PSP (mytilotoxicosis). The shellfish were gathered in a non-polluted area, from which the local community had safely harvested mussels for consumption for many generations. The outbreak occurred earlier in the year than in previous cases reported in Norway, and represents a very early detection of PSP in mussels from the geographical area considered. The shellfish consumed contained 7900 MU (mouse units) of PSP/100 g of shellfish meat (wet weight). It was estimated that the 8 people who became ill, had ingested between 800 and 8300 MU. Food-poisoning bacteria could not be detected in the remains of the meals. The gills and digestive tract of shellfish collected from the locality 3 days later contained planktonic algae, including small numbers of the potentially toxin-producing dinoflagellates Gonyaulax excavata (Braarud) Balech and Prorocentrum minimum Schiller. The present outbreak does no...


The problem-oriented audit is an essential part of an adequate quality assurance program in anesthesiology. The problem-focused program involves identification of problems or concerns; definition of the cause and/or scope of the problem(s); actions taken to resolve the problem(s); monitoring to assure that actions taken are effective; and documentation of the overall effectiveness of the quality assurance program. Examples of problems that may be encountered in such a program include frequent cancellation of surgery; extended time sequences (e.g., prolonged induction of anesthesia, emergence from anesthesia, recovery room stay); blood pressure problems (hypotension or hypertension); prolonged neuromuscular blockade; postoperative infection associated with hyperglycemia in patients who have diabetes. Clinical performance should be measured by the use of preestablished criteria. These criteria are guidelines for high quality anesthesia care. Although anesthesiologists may choose alternate techniques and agents, violation of basic principles of optimal anesthesia care should not be tolerated.


This paper examines whether the empirical regularity that exporters are more productive than non-exporters is at least partly explained by price heterogeneity and demand differences across firms. This is motivated by the view that exporters may face different demand and competitions in international markets, and we would expect them to set different prices than non-exporters. Thus, the tradition of estimating export premium based on sales deflated by a common industry price would confound technical efficiency and price heterogeneities. In order to separate these two components of export premium, we first compare the revenue and physical productivity of exporters and non-exporters by using Ethiopian manufacturing firm's data. We further compute demand shocks and prices, and then investigate whether these demand components play roles in explaining exportproductivity links. We find that exporters are more productive than non-exporters not only because they are technically efficient, but also face positive demand shocks and charge higher prices than non-exporters.


Due to undergoing the multi-stage modification,including six tectonic movement and four basin evolution,the southeastern Tarim basin lacks all of the lower Paleozoic stata and part of Mesozoic strata.It formed five secondary structural units composed of three convex and two concave from east to west.The natures from the alluvial deposits at the bottom to the lake mud deposition in the Jurassic rift basin of southeast uplift,shows transgressive systems tract.Finally,it formed the Jurassic asymmetric rift basin system,including fault,fault depression and depression stages.Structural styles are different in between the west and the east.Minfeng depression is characterized by the depression-basin,while Ruoqiang depression displays the typical fault-depression deposition which develops two period faults including the fault and fault-depression.The first period fault has been undergone obvious destruction and transformation by the second period fault activity.


TRAIL/Apo2L is a member of the tumour necrosis factor (TNF) family of cytokines that induces death of cancer cells but not normal cells. Its potent apoptotic activity is mediated through its cell surface death domain containing receptors, DR4 and DR5. TRAIL binds also to three "decoy" receptors, DcR1, DcR2 and osteoprotegerin (OPG), which lack functional death domains, and do not induce apoptosis. The aim of this study was to investigate the cytotoxic activity of TRAIL as a single agent or in combination with clinically relevant anti-sarcoma drugs on human soft tissue sarcomas that are traditionally resistant to chemotherapy. Human soft tissue sarcomas known to be resistant to chemotherapy were taken at the time of biopsy and cultured to produce a cell line. This cell line was then tested against TRAIL, standard chemotherapeutic agents (including doxorubicin, cis platinum, etoposide, methotrexate and cyclophosphamide) and in combination. When used alone, TRAIL and/or the standard chemotherapeutic agents produced minimal tumour necrosis and this was mirrored in the clinical results. In combination, however, up to 60% necrosis was seen, with doxorubicin the most effective chemotherapeutic agent used. These results indicate that chemotherapy and TRAIL act synergistically to kill sarcoma cells and potentially opens up a new area of cytotoxic treatment for these difficult malignancies.


We present the hamiltonian study of super Yang-Mills quantum mechanics (SYMQM). The recently introduced method based on Fock space representation allows to analyze SYMQM numerically. The detailed analysis for SYMQM in two dimensions for SU(3) group is given.


In this paper, we propose a high density slow-wave structure using bond-wire. The proposed slow-wave structure consists of a periodic array of a highly inductive section using bond-wire and a capacitive section of large metal island. The conformal shape of bond-wire offers high inductance and high density properties without the quality factor degradation for the slow-wave application. Because wire-bonding process has low tolerance, bond-wire can be used to manufacture. The optimum implementations of the bond-wire and the metal island for the inductive and capacitive sections of slow-wave structures show 160% larger slow-wave factor than normal slow-wave structures. The high slow-wave factor could be used to greatly reduce the microwave device sizes.


In the paper the modern thermodynamics of processes occuring far from the equilibrium, formulated by I. PRIGOGINE and P. GLANSDORFF in [25], has been used for investigations of the atmospheric instabilities of the westerly zonal flow. These are instabilities of the type of self-organization. To investigate these instabilities, the method of the Lyapunov function has been applied. As the Lyapunov function the second variation of the so-called excess entropy has been assumed. In the introduction the range of most of investigations on the stability of the stationary, zonal flow is presented. It is confirmed there that investigations, which allow us to establish the threshold parameters for the zonal instabilities, were mainly performed until now. It concerns the barotropic, baroclinic and mixed instabilities of the zonal flows. In the second section the outline of the classical thermodynamics of the quasi-equilibrated processes is presented and on its background, the criteria of the local thermodynamic equilibrium and the stability of the nonequilibrated processes of arbitrary intensity are formulated. In the third section, utilising the general formulations presented in the second one, the set of conditions having the form of some constraints for the fields of perturbations are obtained. Under these conditions the production of the excess entropy in the investigated area is negative. These investigations have been performed for the barotropic zonal flow in the classical formulation According to the interpretation resulting from the theory of information, it means the increase of the level of organization in the investigated area or the decrease of the level of its indefiniteness. This is the instability of the type of selforganization. For the investigated zonal flow the constraints for the field of velocity, its deformations and for the gradients of perturbations have been obtained. Some of them are new ones. The program of further investigations of instabilities of the type of self-organization has been formulated.


In choosing a strand it's not easy because some students based their decisionmaking on their passion or on practicality. Some students follow their parents to choose a strand for their children. The purpose of this study was to determine passionbased and practicalbased preference a senior high school students. The researcher used a descriptive-correlation survey that consist of two adapted questionnaire and used Likert scaling. The researcher conducted and gathered data at Jagobiao National High School both grade 10 Junior high school department (JHS) and all grade 11 Senior high school students (SHS). The data have been analyzed using Guttmann's lambda to determine if there is significant association between Passion-based and practical-based preference of strand in among senior high school. The study revealed that there was a significant association between the two variables the passion-based and practical-based. The result is failed to reject. Based on these findings that the students seek advices from teachers or parents as to what strand in Senior High School they will prefer to choose that could be advantageous and beneficial for them.


Their high recovery speed and efficiency have made p-Cycles a premier approach to link protection. Recent research has discussed their capabilities and provided different methods for p-Cycle selection in communication networks. In this work, we consider the p-Cycle approach to resilient all-optical network design and present an ILP formulation that preconfigures p-Cycles in such an environment. Our proposed formulation strives to find p-Cycles that have good recovery capability in the face of physical layer impairments (PLIs) and are capacity-efficient at the same time. Our numerical results show a trade-off between these two performance measures. We evaluate the performances of different outcomes of the formulation using our accurate physical layer model. We show that applying our previously proposed cross-layer RWA algorithm, HQ, greatly improves the performance.


BackgroundArabs experience an incidence of classic Kaposi sarcoma (KS) similar to that in other populations living around the Mediterranean region. In Egypt, the most common clinical variant of KS is the classic KS. ObjectiveThe study aimed to investigate some epidemiological features of KS in Gharbia Governorate from 1999 to 2005. Patients and methodsThis is a retrospective study in which data on patients clinically and histopathologically diagnosed with KS between 1999 and 2005 from the Gharbia Population-based Cancer Registry and the Outpatient Dermatology Clinic, Department of Dermatology, Tanta University, were collected, reviewed, computerized, and submitted for statistical analysis. ResultsThe incidence rate of KS in Gharbia was 1.6 percentage patients per million. It mainly affects elderly men with a mean age of 55.6 years. It is mainly of nodular morphology, affecting the skin of the lower limbs, with no mucosal or visceral involvement, and represents about 1.9% of the total skin cancer count and 0.06% of the total cancer count in Gharbia. ConclusionKS is a rare disease in Gharbia and mainly affects elderly men. It is mainly of the classic type, which was originally described by Moritz Kaposi.


In this article, effect of strain on quantum capacitance of 2D intrinsic graphene has been investigated and the theoretical basis of its evolution has been formulated. The variation of quantum capacitance with applied strain has extensively been studied. It is observed that quantum capacitance not only depends on magnitude of applied strain but also depends on its direction. Under anisotropic strain field, the expression of quantum capacitance is calculated from density of states (DOS) using anisotropic dispersion energy in tight-binding approximation (TBA). This anisotropy in strain field causes accumulation of charge carriers in graphene without external bias and generates energy band gap. The strain-tunable band gap is introduced in the expression of quantum capacitance that would help to control the performance of high speed graphene devices by tuning the band gap applying anisotropic strain and would open up the possibility of designing new kind of graphene based field effect devices with very thin gate dielectric.


In this paper, the relationship between material and the flux control characteristic of a ferrite orthogonal core (FOC) as a measurement and control element, is presented.Five types of materials are examined to know the difference between their flux control characteristics. Results show that the material which has higher amount of saturation flux density can make its flux control amount bigger.It is clear that the higher rectangular factor material has the larger amount of flux control. Furthermore, the material which has low loss but high saturation flux density shows good linear flux control characteristic. FOC which has good rectangular factor and high flux sensitibity is useful for measurement control element, especially for the on-off activity.


Mini-paper Need for system approach to increase nutrient use efficiency in horticulture Janjo de Haan, Stefaan De Neve, Eligio Malusa, Fernando Andres Toresano-Sanchez, Zoltàn Hadju 1 Applied Plant Research – Wageningen UR, The Netherlands 2 University of Ghent, Belgium 3 Research Institute of Horticulture, Poland and Agricultural Research Council, Italy 4 Nutricrop, Spain 5 SOLTUB Kft., Hungary


General View.Historical Perspective.Comparison of the Chinese and European Gardens.Comparison of the Chinese and Japanese Gardens.Classification of Chinese Gardens.Hill and Water.Architecture.Plant Material.Literature and Art.Design Process.Creating Spaciousness in Limited Area.Design for Dynamic Viewing: Four Seasons and Five Senses.


As president of APHA, I aim to harness the power and promise of this vibrant organization by leading a presidential initiative, a national campaign against racism.


We have developed a new method for detecting and characterizing large rearrangements in the BRCA1 gene based on high‐resolution oligonucleotide array‐CGH technology. We designed a specific CGH array for the BRCA1 gene and its flanking regions. We then used this approach to analyze nine DNA samples known to contain large deletions and large duplications. When possible, the deleted or duplicated region was sequenced to identify the break point. All the large rearrangements were detected by the new method, and their size was estimated to be within 1–2 kb. This enabled us to develop a simple polymerase chain reaction screening test for other family members. A refined choice of oligonucleotides should improve the precision of the breakpoint determination. Finally, the high resolution of oligonucleotide array‐CGH should help to detect new large rearrangements missed by other current methods.


Affective priming studies showed that responses to targets are faster when they are preceded by a prime with the same affective valence rather than the opposite valence. In virtually all these studies, primes were randomly assigned to different targets, the only restriction being that there should be a predetermined number of affectively congruent and incongruent pairs. One could, however, argue that on average, affectively congruent stimuli tend to be more associatively related than affectively incongruent stimuli. Therefore, randomly constructing affectively congruent and incongruent pairs does not rule out the possibility of a confound between the affective and associative relation between the primes and targets. We conducted a number of studies in which the prime-target pairs were normatively unassociated. Strong affective priming effects were observed in a series of three studies employing an evaluative categorisation task (Experiments 1 & 2), and a lexical decision task (Experiment 3).