In this paper,a review was presented on the history,theory and the apparatus of electrospinning,as well as its application in nanocomposites.The process of spinning fibers with the help of electrostatic forces is known as electrospinning.Electrospinning has gained much attention from 1990s due to its capabiliy of producing fibers in the submicron and even in the nano range.Electrospun ultrafine fibers and fiber mats can be directly used as reinforcement in composites.Besides,Carbon nanofibers for composite applications can also be manufactured from electrospun polymer nanofibers after heat treatment at high temperature.


A polymeric 6-amino-6-deoxy-β-CD(PACD)thin film-modified glassy carbon electrode was prepared by electropolymerization.Then,its electrochemical behavior towards the oxidation of dopamine(DA) was investigated.Experimental results showed that PACD modified electrode could reduce the oxidation overpotential of DA in pH 6.0 phosphate buffer solution,and the oxidation peak current was proportional to the concentration of DA over the range from 4×10~(7) to 1.5×10~(-4)(mol/L)(r=0.9921)with a detection limit of 2.3×10~(-7)(mol/L).The methods have been applied to determine DA in some samples, and satisfactory results have been obtained.


Data on 10-y of chemical toxicological analyses carried out the Toxicology Service in Veterinary Faculty
from Murcia (Spain) for suspected wild and domestic animal poisonings are summarized. Of the 123 cases
confirmed like deliberate, 102 could be analysed and 50 of them were positive to intentional poisoning, with a total of 107 dead animals. Pesticides, especially insecticides (72%) and rodenticides (26%), were frequently involved. Aldicarb (n=15), anticoagulant rodenticides (n=8) and strychnine (n=4) were the most usual toxic agents in baits prepared for intentional poisonings; also were carbofuran, methomyl, endosulfan or paraquat. Seven of the nine Laboratories of Veterinary Toxicology from Spain, agree with the creation of a coordinated network of collaboration in order to improve the quality of the supplied services.


A simple and effective method for reshaping and compressing picosecond electrical pulses generated from photoconductive switches is proposed. A piece of dispersive strip transmission line can be used as a phase equalizer to compensate for the phase distortion included in asymmetric electrical pulses, resulting in effective reshaping and compression of these ultrashort pulses. Initial design formulas of the strip transmission lines for this purpose are presented, together with some computer simulation results showing the pulse reshaping and compression effects.<<ETX>>


This paper discusses about the detailed study of Quick Response (QR) codes, their Structures and the current state-of-the-art, in which how the Quick Response Codes are used in the field of Information security. Our Study also examines the various imperceptibility characteristics such as Peak Signal to Noise Ratio, Mean Square Error, Average Difference, Maximum Difference, Normalized Absolute Error based on pixel value based data hiding technique and the findings are presented. This approach gives the best image quality measures between the Cover QR and the Stego QR, as the secret data has been embedded to its best matching pixel value of the cover QR code.


Cerebral palsy remains a significant cause of perinatal morbidity in medically developed countries. Human epidemiologic data suggest a relationship between cerebral palsy and chorioamnionitis mediated by proinflammatory cytokines. This association has been confirmed by experimental data from human and animal research that demonstrate an increase in cytokine levels in the amniotic fluid of cases of white matter damage. Recent evidence suggests this damage is the result of a fetal inflammatory response initiated in response to placental inflammation. The strong association between cerebral palsy and chorioamnionitis warrants additional investigation into the mechanisms by which white matter damage is initiated and into possible neuroprotective treatments to prevent the development of cerebral palsy. Target Audience: Obstetrics & Gynecologists, Family Physicians Learning Objectives: After completion of this article, the reader will be able to list the risk factors associated with the development of cerebral palsy and describe the potential etiology of cerebral palsy.


In this paper role of study-methodical provision in quality raising of education is considered. The authors manual for students of pedagogical institutes studying Russian language as a general mandatory discipline is presented. Aim, tasks, structure and content of this manual, likewise peculiarities and ways of solving these tasks are described.


521 Objectives: 18F-FDG dose infiltrations are not uncommon and negatively impact PET/CT image quality and quantification, potentially adversely affecting patient management. The objective of this project is to determine whether a novel device, Lara (Lucerno Dynamics, LLC), can identify potential factors contributing to FDG infiltrations and ultimately assist centers to reduce infiltration rates. Methods: Four PET/CT centers (University of Tennessee Medical Center, Carilion New River Mobile, Wake Forest University, and Carilion Memorial Hospital) are currently participating in this Quality Assurance project. In a blinded Phase 1 evaluation of consecutive patients undergoing FDG injections, centers used Lara to monitor the quality of FDG administration. Additionally, they collected non-protected, patient information (e.g., height and weight) and injection factors (e.g., injection site and type of venous access) that may influence injection quality. At the end of Phase 1, infiltration and utilization rates were reported to each center. Centers were also un-blinded and began receiving immediate feedback on the quality of each FDG injection. Based on an analysis, using a classification and regression decision tree method (SAS Enterprise Miner, v. 14.1) in combination with a quantile regression model (SAS v. 9.4), potential center-specific contributing factors to infiltration rates were provided. In addition, a stepwise selection procedure (SAS v. 9.4) identified contributing factors whose effects varied by technologist. All four centers documented quality improvement plans, modified injection processes, and then initiated Phase 2 for a similar number of injections as Phase 1. During Phase 2, centers continued to receive immediate injection feedback, compliance to quality improvement activities was monitored when possible, and utilization was tracked. Three of the four centers completed their reassessment of infiltration rates in Phase 2; the fourth will finish in March 2018. Results: Factors that contributed to infiltrationincluded patient BMI, weight, age, glucose, injection sites, and orientation. Injection access technique and needle gauge were not associated with infiltration rates. Contributing factors varied by technologist. Quality improvement activities (e.g., injection vein assessment processes and additional IV access status checks) were primarily based on specific Phase 1 factors, but also included ideas from center personnel. In the 3 centers that completed Phase 2 (n=830 injections) the infiltration rate decreased 51% as compared to Phase 1 (n=815 injections). Accounting for center, technologist, and patient-specific correlation, the decrease was statistically significant (p 50%. Utilization from centers completing Phase 2 was 89% compared to 90% in Phase 1. Compliance to one-time quality improvement activities in 3 centers was 100%. Monitoring some on-going improvement activities was not possible. Compliance to other on-going activities ranged from 0-66%.Conclusion: Our findings suggest that a novel detection device can provide center-specific factors which contribute to infiltrations. Knowing and understanding these factors can help centers create quality improvement plans that can lead to significant reduction in infiltration rates, even when there is not complete compliance to improvement plans. Since infiltrations can negatively impact visual evaluation of PET scans and quantitative PET measurements, an FDG injection quality assurance program could help optimize the accuracy of PET interpretations and potentially improve patient management.


Tea trees planted at the Kanaya Tea Research Station were exposed to spring frost and cold weather on March 30, 2010. In this study, we assessed the frost sensitivity of these tea cultivars. This sensitivity was linked to the time of the bud break. The early bud break cultivars had more severe frost damage than those in the late bud break cultivars. However, 'Sayamakaori' had minimal frost damage as compared to the other cultivars at the same bud break stage. These results indicate that spring frost sensitivity may differ among cultivars at the same bud break stage. It is necessary to develop a novel frost injury-resistance assay for tea cultivars and to develop cultivars that can overcome frost injury.


ABSTRACT Endogenous tariff literatures reveal empirically that trade imbalance is negatively related with import tariff, this article gives a theoretical evidence and explanation to support this finding with the methodology of multi-country numerical general equilibrium modelling and simulation. We explore how optimal tariff changes after trade imbalance is introduced, and find that optimal tariffs decrease substantially, either for surplus or deficit countries, when imbalance is considered. Specifically, when the imbalance is modelled in endogenous monetary and inside-money structures, the optimal tariffs decrease by 26% globally on average. Our results suggest that the deepening trade imbalance is beneficial to the global trade liberalization due to its driving tariffs down.


The loading and unloading units and grinding mills of raw devices have internal cone type or pipe screw perceive load of incoming and outgoing material. The main part of the support assembly is a pin. Mounting seats for the pipe screws cone have traces of deformation and work hardening, while they themselves have wear of pins and deformation of the inner and outer cylindrical working surface. In the mill body, there are constantly acting dynamic forces causing vibration, which are transmitted to the stud and inner accelerating elements. Under the influence of stress and vibration, the housing spigot is in the stress-compressed state and stretched vertically and horizontally. As a result, the insertion element is deformed and weakened in the fixture. A moving element appears in the gap leading to the fact that it drops lfeedstock and under the influence of variable loads it is destroyed, as well as the seating surfaces of the insert pin member.


the breakup of Laurasia in the Cretaceous (about 135– 60 Mya). Volgonyx dershavini (Behning, 1928) comb.n. is also re-described based on topotypic material and the neotype is selected, since the type material is now lost. How to cite this paper: Marin I.N., Palatov D.M. 2021. Volgonyx gen.n. and Pontonyx gen.n., two new genera of the family Crangonyctidae (Crustacea: Amphipoda) from the southeastern Europe // Arthropoda Selecta. Vol.30. No.1. P.43–61, Supplement. doi: 10.15298/arthsel.30.1.05


A randomised, controlled, single‐blind study was performed on 100 patients to investigate a new method of reducing pain on propofol injection. Aspiration of 2 ml of the patient's blood into a syringe of propofol immediately before injection was compared with the addition of lignocaine 20 mg or normal saline 2 ml to the propofol before injection. The addition of blood was significantly more effective in reducing pain on injection than the addition qf' saline (p < 0.001), but was not significantly more effective than the addition of lignocaine.


Steelmaking slags produced using the Linz-Donawitz method (LD slags) are widely used as building and construction materials in road, earth and water works. Because the legal conditions become more and more re-strictive , this application is uncertain in the future.
LD slags contain high amounts of mineral bound iron (in form of Fe2O3), which must be considered as a waste of resources. Except for the Iron the chemical composition is quite similar to that of Portland cement clinker. However, due to the high content of Fe2O3 the mineralogical composition differs significantly, resulting in a low hydraulic reactivity. A post-treatment of the liquid LD slag in an electric arc furnace under reducing conditions enables the reduction of the iron compounds to metallic iron, which separates from the mineral phase due to its higher density. The remaining solidified mineral fraction mainly contains typical crystalline phases of cement clinker in similar ratios: Alite (Ca3SiO5; > 60%) as main phase, Belite (Ca2SiO4, 10%), Tricalciumaluminate (Ca3Al2O6; 5%) and Brownmillerite (Ca2(Al,Fe)2O5, 1%) as secondary phases. Alite, which usually decomposes to Belite and free lime under slow cooling conditions, is stabilized in the Fe-reduced slag probably by integration of foreign ions into the lattice and is stable even if the slag is cooled down very slowly. Furthermore, the particularly large Alite crystals do not exhibit the typical decomposition edge of Belite and lime, found in Alite from ordinary ce-ment clinker. Technological tests for building materials show a high hydraulic reactivity and a compressive strength after 28 days comparable or even slightly higher to reference cement.
Nevertheless, because of the increasing viscosity with decreasing Fe2O3 content, the treatment requires a temperature higher than the slag decanted from the LD converter. Furthermore, during the reduction of the bound Iron huge amounts of carbon monoxide are released, resulting in foaming of the slag. Both aspects make it difficult to manage the process. In addition, for economic reasons the treatment has to be carried out immediately after casting the slag from the LD converter to avoid the solidification, which is a logistical challenge for most steel plants. Otherwise the separation of the mineral bound iron as metallic phase and the utilisation of the mineral fraction as cement clinker will both save resources and lower the global CO2-output. For these reasons further initiatives should be considered in the medium term.


It is an established fact that speech is the true reflection of the internal sound system of a language. Speech is comprised of a number of segmental and suprasegmental features. Segmental features are the phonemic features whereas suprasegmental features include stress, intonation and so on. Observing English pronunciation from these two different angles, we will find out that both have their own problems to pose, especially for foreign learners of English. What makes English such a labyrinth for its foreign learners is its phonemic richness, especially its vowel sounds which include monophthongs, diphthongs and triphthongs. This study was conducted to find out correlation between the written and verbal performance of Pakistani learners in the area of English monophthongs or single vowels. The study sample(N=375) comprised Pakistani learners of English studying at Diploma Level in the National University of Modern Languages Islamabad, Pakistan. The data collection was achieved with the help of two tests: one for written performance and the other for verbal performance. Pearson Product Moment Formula was used to find the degree of correlation between thestudy variables (written and verbal performance). The analysis of the data showed strong relationship in the area of English monophthongs which shows that the written and verbal performance of the study sample match up quite closely in this area.


A service-oriented government is a completely new government administration model which will play a very important role in the training of abilities of civil servants in China around which the core abilities should be fostered. The framework of the core abilities of civil servants must be defined. To this end, concrete and effective measures should be taken.


Summary Primary bud cold hardiness in `Concord', `Norton', `Vignoles', and `St. Vincent' grapevines was studied at Southwest Missouri State University Research Campus in Mountain Grove, Missouri, USA. Canes from mature vines were exposed to 210, 25, 0, 10 or 20°C for 2, 4, 6 or 8.d in early December, late January, and early March during the 1998–99 winter season. Cold hardiness of primary buds was in¯uenced by temperature, exposure time, and dormant period. Temperatures of 10 or 20°C had similar deacclimating effects on primary bud cold hardiness of all cultivars during the entire winter. Cold hardiness of primary buds exposed to 0¼ was greater than that of buds exposed to 10 or 20°C only in early March for all cultivars and late January for `Concord'. Exposure to 0°C was as deacclimating as that to 10 or 20°C otherwise. Cold hardiness of primary buds becomes more sensitive to temperature as dormancy progresses. Longer exposure was advantageous for cold hardiness of primary buds only at 25 or 210°C. `Concord' and `Norton' were generally more sensitive to temperature than were `Vignoles' and `St. Vincent'. The greater cold hardiness of the tested non-vinifera cultivars is due to both their greater cold hardiness at high temperature and their sensitivity to temperature change, acclimating faster and deeper at lower temperature. During the early and middle dormant season, exposure to 10 to 20°C for 2.d was sufficient to deacclimate primary buds to their minimum cold hardiness. However, exposure to 210°C even for 8.d was not always sufficient to acclimate them to their maximum cold hardiness.


A new waveform design which simultaneously compresses bandwidth and suppresses out-of-band power leakage is studied in this work considering future 5th generation (5G) requirements. Thus, doubly created interference, coming from less than symbol rate packed sub-carriers and pulse shaping filters, is introduced. Therefore, this work, through using specially designed detectors, deals with the doubly created interference problem. It paves the way to non-orthogonal signal detection and non-orthogonal carrier aggregation (CA) system designs; both of importance to future wireless and wired communication systems.


Recent local combats indicated that low-altitude penetration played a more and more important role in modern war.The development of aircraft penetration flight was introduced,and main features of the aircrafts executing low-altitude penetration flight task were analyzed.Former studies on main technologies related to low-altitude penetration flight were presented,such as terrain following/terrain avoidance/threat avoidance,trajectory optimization and trajectory tracking.The development tendencies of the low altitude penetration technology were pointed out.


A clinical case of treatment of a 64-year-old  patient with cardiac arrest is presented. In the complex of resuscitation measures, an automatic chest compression machine was used, and upon admission to the hospital, venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation was connected as the main method of maintaining effective blood circulation as soon as possible. The interaction of a multidisciplinary team was demonstrated, the features of decision-making when choosing a hemodynamic support  method, the complications that  arose and possible difficulties were described.


Objective : To research on TSRH spinal instrumentation and pressed graft for thoracolumbar spine fractures. Methods: Instrumentation with TRSH spinal system and pressed grafts were adopted to treat 18 patients with thoracolumbar spine fractures. Plain roentgenography was performed before and after surgery, and during the latest follow up. Computed tomography was also performed before and during the latest follow up .The improvement to body collapse and narrowing of canal were calculated through measurements of anterior and posterior body heights, Cobb angle and of midsagittal diameter of canal. Results: All patients were followed up of 19 30 months, most of whom had an anatomic alignment. There was minimal loss of reduction but no broken screws during the follow up period. Excellent result was achieved in 10 cases, good in 5 and fair in 3. Overall outcome was satisfactory. Conclusions: TSRH and pressed grafts for thoracolumbar spine fractures provided satisfactory maintenance of correction.


It's difficult for Web-based application to identify user because HTTP can't keep state information. By storing user's information with session object in JSP, controled access according to distinct user could be implemented now.


By Loch Long, a couple of hours' cycle ride from Glasgow, the wind was biting, the sun was shining, and the nuclear weapons were just across the water. I went to my first protest at Faslane when I was a medical student in the late 1980s. The Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament was a visible protest group then, rather than a symbol seen on T shirts sold to fashionable people with no allegiance to the cause.

I was a student member of the Medical Campaign Against Nuclear Weapons—now known as MedAct—which was affiliated to International Physicians for the Prevention of Nuclear War (IPPNW). Truth be told, …


Risperidone (R) is a new generation atypical antipsychotic used for schizophrenia-treatment. Today, most effective method for CYP2D6 enzyme phenotyping is dextromethorphan metabolism. The aim of this study is to compare risperidone plasma level with dextromethorphan metabolite ratio in Turkish psychiatric patients receiving risperidone monotherapy and to investigate whether 9-hydroxyrisperidone ratio could be a phenotype marker for CYP2D6 enzyme. The study included 41 patients receiving R monotherapy in Üsküdar University NP Istanbul Hospital between March 2011 and February 2012. On the 7th day of risperidone,risperidone plasma sample and CYP2D6 enzyme phenotyping was worked. Phenotyping was performed in the urine according to dextromethorphan metabolite ratio. If that ratio is less than 0.003 ultra-rapid metabolizer, 0.003-0.3 and intermediate metabolizer/ normal metabolizer; more than 0.3 phenotyping was calculated as poor metabolizer. Plasma Risperidone / 9-OH risperidone ratio is ≥ 1: poor metabolizer (PM); less than 0.1 ulta rapid metabolizer (UM), values between 0.2-0.9 were evaluated as intermediateor normal metabolizer(IM/NM). In 92.9% (n:39) of the cases, phenotype was consistent with risperidone blood levels. In 4.8% (n:2) CYP2D6 enzyme phenotype was not consistent with risperidone /9-hydroxyrisperidone. The strong relationship between dextromethorphan metabolite ratio in urine and risperidone hydroxylation. As monitoring of the plasma levels of risperidone is more practical, Therapeutic Drug Monitoring(TDM), as a phenotype marker in predicting CYP2D6 enzyme phenotype on patients using risperidone, can be used as an important data in monitoring the treatment.


New extension of nanoparticles used in the last two decades and hence, entrance of them to industrialand non-industrial sewage necessitate study of probable effects of these materials in aquatic ecosystems.This research was performed in order to determine the toxicity effect of silica dioxide (SiO2) nanoparticles on Dunaliella salina green algae in laboratory conditions. SiO2 nanoparticle is one of the bestfull-used nano particles which have application in industries like production of ceramics, plastics, glass,cosmetics, medicine and paper. Dunaliella algae because of having economic value and differentbiochemical composition is used as complements with natural origin in food and pharmacologyindustries. For toxicity determination of this material, the experiment was performed according toO.E.C.D standard method. Experiments on Dunaliella were performed for 72 hours with 7 treatments,two controls and three replicates in each treatment and daily counting of cells in each tube. Countingcell algae population was done by microscope on a Thoma counting slide. For data analysis, probitanalysis, Excel software and SPSS21 were used. The 72 hours NOEC, EC90, EC50 and EC10 werecalculated. The amounts of 72 hours are EC10 =5.37.10-5 , EC50 = 0.169 , EC90 = 512.86, NOEC =1.6×10-2 mg/l. Cell compression noticeably decreased (P < 0.05) by increasing nanoparticleconcentration and silica oxide nanoparticle caused to inhibit growth in Dunaliella species.


A peak in the ultraviolet (UV) region of the spectrum of light emitted from metal‐oxide‐metal (MOM) tunnel junctions has been observed at room temperature. Both the amplitude and wavelength of the peak are sensitive to applied junction bias. The UV peak corresponds to the normal or radiative surface plasmon mode while a visible peak, also present in our spectra and reported in past MOM literature, is due to the tangential or nonradiative mode. The radiative mode requires no surface roughness or gratings for photon coupling. The results show that it is possible to obtain radiative surface plasmon production followed by a direct decay into photons with MOM tunnel diodes. A MOM diode with a double anode structure is found to emit light associated only with the nonradiative mode. The thickness dependence of the UV peak along with the experimental results of the double anode MOM diode and the ratio of the UV peak to visible peak support our contention that the UV light emission is indeed due to the radiative s...


Background Patients suffering from generalised aches and pains, not adequately responding to treatment are usually considered as fibromyalgia, depression, chronic fatigue syndrome etc. But those patients need further evaluation and low vitamin D is often the underlying cause. Both clinical and subclinical low level vitamin D is common.1 Objectives To assess the relationship between musculoskeletal complaints and serum vitamin D3(cholecalciferol) level. Methods This prospective cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted during July 2017 to December 2017 in Chittagong, Bangladesh. Patients with common musculoskeletal complaints were enrolled. Each patient was screened to exclude common possibilities. Serum cholecalciferol was measured for each patient. Race, occupation, skin complexion, body mass index, sunlight exposure, covering of body with clothing's and use of sunscreen were taken under consideration in final analysis. Visual analogue scale (VAS; 1–10) was used to quantify all complaints. Correlation of serum cholecalciferol level with VAS score of individual complaints was analysed. Results A total of 110 patients (79 Female and 31 Male) were enrolled after screening 165. All of them were Bangladeshi of multi-ethnic Asian origin. Mean age was 46.5±12.8 years. Their skin complexions were pale white to white skin 45.5%, light brown 30%, moderate brown 11.8% and dark brown 12.7%. Most had (90.9%; n=100) inadequate sunlight exposure and 77.2% (n=61) women used Burkah (full covered dress). Mean vitamin D3 level was 25.2±7.3 ng/ml. Vitamin D deficiency was (mean 17.3±2.8 ng/ml) observed in 30 (27.3%), insufficiency (mean 25.1±2.7 ng/ml) in 62 (56.4%) and normal level (mean 34.8±4.4 ng/ml) in 18 (16.4%). After classifying Vitamin D level in relation to symptoms it was found that majority of patients (81.2% to 90.3%; depending on complaints) had insufficient or deficient cholecalciferol level (table 1).Abstract AB1075 – Table 1 Serum cholecalciferol status in different musculoskeletal complaints Complaints Vit D3 Normal(≥30 ng/ml) Insufficiency(20-<30 ng/ml) Deficiency(<20 ng/ml) n % n % n % Myalgia (n=104; 94.5%) 16 15.4 60 57.7 28 26.9 Muscle cramp (n=104; 94.5%) 18 17.3 60 57.7 26 25.0 Generalised weakness (n=99; 90.0%) 18 18.2 56 56.5 25 25.2 Difficulty in climbing stairs (n=89;80.9%) 14 15.7 50 56.2 25 28.1 Fatigue (n=87; 79.1%) 13 8.1 51 58.6 23 26.4 Difficulty in squatting (n=84; 76.4%) 9 10.7 49 58.3 26 30.9 Pain in weight bearing joints (n=80; 72.7%) 11 3.7 49 61.2 20 25.0 Bone pain (n=73; 66.4%) 8 10.9 43 58.9 22 30.1 Significant negative correlation was found between the serum cholecalciferol level and VAS for difficulty in getting up from squatting position (r=−0.253, p=0.008) and positive correlation was found for muscle cramps (r=0.220, p=0.021). Correlations with remaining symptoms were not statistically significant. Conclusions Vitamin D status directly and indirectly influences musculoskeletal health. Hypovitaminosis D should consider in every patient with muscle cramp. Reference [1] Jones AN, Hansen KE. Recognizing the musculoskeletal manifestations of vitamin D deficiency. J Musculoskelet Med. 2009; 26(10): 389 – 96. Acknowledgements Hafsa habiba, Rayhana Begum Disclosure of Interest M. A. Razzaque Consultant for: research, G. Dewan Consultant for: research, R. biswas Consultant for: research, M. karim Consultant for: research, I. sultan Consultant for: research


Multi-signal classification(MUSIC) is one of direction-finding techniques with high resolution based on correlation matrix eigen-value decomposition.MVM does not need to discriminate the number of signal sources and eigen-value decomposition of signal correlation matrix,with less computation,but it is sensitive to SNR and snapshots.This paper mainly studies an improved MVM algorithm based on circular array.The eigen-value decomposition is performed for received correlation matrix of signal time domain data to obtain the expression of signal subspace and noise subspace.The expression is deformed to deduce the expression of improved algorithm spatial spectrum.The MATLAB simulation experiment proves the correctness and effectiveness.


Objectives:To review the literatures on effective factors on inter professional relationship between nurses and physicians. Methods: Major data bases (Pub Med, Elsevier of Science, Pro Quest and CINAHL) were systematically searched for all relevant papers. Inclusion criteria were: papers published in english and persian between 2000 and 2012, which present inter professional relations between doctors and nurses based studies focusing on effective factors on collaboration between nurses and physicians. A data abstraction form was developed to summarize each paper. Results: 19 papers were included in this review. Based on our findings six categories were identified as effective factors on inter professional relationship between nurses and physicians: (1) Gender, (2) Context, (3) Attitude of nurses and physicians, (4) Hospital management and Government policies, (5) Inter professional education and (6) Professional knowledge and skill.  Conclusion: This systematic review by describes and analyses international research on nurse– physicians relationships that have undertaken over 12 years, provides a facility for identification effective factors in this field. These results can be used by healthcare managers for improving inter professional collaboration between nurses and physicians. Of course there is still a lack of knowledge concerning in which factor is more important, therefore more research is necessary in this field.


In this Paper,we deal with the Bayesian estimator for unknown shape parameter of lomax distribution,and admissibility and inadmissibility of estimator with the form of (cT + d)~(-1) are also discussed.


Being the most famous writer in New Zealand, Katherine Mansfield has been best remembered for her successful depiction of everyday events in the lives of ordinary people.This paper serves as a trying effort into one outsanding characteristic manifested in her artistic world so as to make closer the approach to the real Katherine Mansfield.Every story she has written indicates the particular moment in her entire creative process which is, with its own personality and the best kind of expression the author has endowed upon,different in every point form and other stories.No one can deny the fact that she is really a great artist no matter how trivial and minute her choices are.


Emissions and by-products from manufacturing torrefied solid recovered fuel using pulp industry waste containing wood waste with pulp sludge (WPS) were studied. Two batches of WPS1 and WPS2 were tested. The torrefaction of WSP1 and WPS2 were performed at their respectively optimal temperature of 573 and 593 K and time of 20 min, referred as cases WPST1-573-20 and WPST2-593-20, respectively. WPS1 contained higher fixed carbons and volatile matters but lower ash content than WPS2. The results showed that the solid yields of 56 and 61 wt.%, gas yields of 16 and 16 wt.% and liquid yields of 28 and 24 wt.% for WPST1-573-20 and WPST2-593-20, respectively. The maximal concentration of emissions for WPST1-573-20 and WPST2-593-20 are about 1952.5 and 3743.5 ppmv for CO, 26.5 and 156 ppmv for NOx and 31.5 and 392 ppmv for SO2, respectively. The CCO exceeded the emission standard and required further action. The collected non-condensable gases consisted of hydrocarbons ranging from C1-HC to C6-HC, with C4-HC being the predominant component. Here, Cn-HC represents hydrocarbons with a carbon atom count of n. The GC-MS analysis revealed the primary liquid byproducts. The liquid products can be used directly as pyroligneous liquor in agriculture. Furthermore, with refining techniques, these liquid byproducts can be transformed into high-quality chemicals for applications such as fungicides, pesticides, solvents, surfactants, and as precursors or monomers in the synthesis of other chemicals.


3D sensing method and system for a touch panel for sensing a 3D coordinates of an object over a touch panel, the method comprising the steps of: programming the touch panel so as to have a resolution of a touch; a resolution setting by the touch sensing value of the active region, wherein said active region having a sensing value and a measured value of the maximum limit value sensing a sensing; and a sensing value of the sensing value, respectively the upper limit and the lower limit of the sensed value is compared to the sensed value lies in the sense of generating a 3D coordinate measurement value is between the upper limit and the sensed values and higher than the sensed value sensed value of said upper limit or below the lower limit of the sensed value, re-planning the touch panel to change the resolution of the touch.


This work reports on a characterization of the ultra wideband (UWB) outdoor channel based on a channel measurements over a frequency bandwidth of 9 GHz from 3 GHz to 9 GHz. Frequency domain measurements were conducted for line-of-sight (LOS) scenario. Firstly, obtained data measurement are characterized in terms of power distribution in both time and frequency domains. Results show that the power distribution is well fitted by Weibull distribution, and the path loss as well as the frequency dependence is characterized. Secondly, the wavelet-based denoising to improve the estimated Power Delay Profile (PDP) from Ultra Wideband UWB outdoor channel measurements was investigated. Furthermore, we investigated the second order statistics characterization of the indoor UWB measured channels through an Eigen decomposition of the auto-covariance matrix to determine the number of UWB channel DoF. In addition, we will look into the effect of the proposed denoising scheme on the UWB channel Eigen Properties.


(1) Rock deformation consists essentially of flow and fracture. The fracture generally owes its development to stressconcentration which varies with inhomogeneity of rocks of different composition, texture and shape as well as the forces applied in various magnitude, direction and time-rate.(2) The development of rock-fractures was studied by means of model experiments with wet clay-cakes. Under compression, the smooth surface of the claycake began to appear rough, to be followed often immediately by small wrinkles, and then conjugate X-shaped incipient shear nets, corresponding to Lders' bands with intersecting acute angles pointing to the direction of compression. With further compression in the second step, zig-zag tensile fractures were developed causing one of the two arms of each X-shaped shear failure planes alternately with their general strike parallel to compression. Rock-fractures as observed in the field seem to have been developed much in the same way as shown in laboratory experiments. t may be concluded, therefore, that rock-fracturing usually originates in shearing with slowly discontinuous slips and finally reaches its full-development due to tension with quick and sharp separation. The facts mentioned above indicate that the occurrence of wrinkles on the clay surface, is comparable with dilatation, the beginning of fracture-development may correlate to certain stage of "stick-slip", and the final crack-separation may correspond to the outburst of earthquake.(3) The model-experiments of fracture-development with clay-cakes also show that the fractures usually appear more quickly and more sharply when the clay surface is wetted with water or alcohol. This phenomenon is considered to be the effect of pore fluid pressure.(4) There is a transitional phase between brittle and ductile fractures, as is shown in stress-strain curve and. fractography. In general, dilatation is absent in brittle fracture-development and stick slip is not so significant in brittle fracture as in ductile one; however, the effects of temperature, confining pressure, stress-history and nature of rock are usually present.(5) It must be emphasized that dilatation, stick slip and pore pressure of water be considered a regular sequence in the development of fracture.(6) The distribution of earthquakes is controlled by the zig-zag fractures which usually consist either of shear and tensile segments or of shear and compressional ones. Large earthquakes usually concentrate on the turning points of the zig-zag fractures, where the tensile segments or the compressional segments intersect the shear segments. Moderate and small earthquakes often follow the shear segments. Shallower earthquakes usually occur on the tensile segments, while deeper ones, on the compressional segments.


Chitosan,a natural polycose copolymerizated by a β-(1-4)-2-acetamido-D-glucose unit and a β-(1-4)-2-amino-D-glucose unit,has a similar structure with glycosaminoglycan in animals.It can stimulate bone formation,and also is biocompatible,non-antigenic,non-toxic,bacteriostatical,besides its relatively stable to temperature.Accordingly its application in bone tissue engineering.shows great perspective.This article reviews the progress of chitosan applicated in bone tissue engineering,and look into the future of its developing prospects.


Objective:To observe curative effects of modified SiWuTang and ShiXiaoSan combined with indomatacin in the treatment for primary dysmenorrhea of Qi stagnation and blood stasis pattern.Method: Eighty patients were randomly divided into the observation group and the control group.Both groups received oral indomatacin,25 mg each time,4 times each day.The observation group took modified SiWuTang and ShiXiaoSan in the five days of the periods,decocted with water,one dose each day,till the 2nd day when the period finished.One menstrual cycle was one course of treatment.Curative effects were explored after three consecutive courses of treatment.Result: Whole blood high shear viscosity(200/s),low shear viscosity(3/s) and plasma viscosity of both groups were improved after treating than before treating significantly(P0.05),and the observation groups showed significant difference compared with the control group after treating(P0.05).Cure rate and total effective rate of the observation group were 52.50% and 92.50%,superior to 35.00% and 77.50% of the control group with significant difference(P0.05).Conclusion: Modified SiWuTang and ShiXiaoSan combined with indomatacin demonstrate remarkable effects in the treatment for primary dysmenorrhea of Qi stagnation and blood stasis pattern.


It is not my purpose to expound a new Theory of Differentials in the sense used by Professor G. Temple in his paper to the Mathematical Association in 1936 (G. Temple, "The Rehabilitation of Differentials," M.G., Vol. XX, p. 120), but merely to embark on what he called the "comparatively trivial business" of giving an interpretation to the differential notation which pre-supposes the definition of derivatives, and to do so from the point of view of School rather than University teaching. A study of elementary textbooks on the Calculus shows two main schools of thought. The first, and older, of these regards differentials as infinitesimals, that is to say as variables which tend simultaneously to zero and whose ultimate ratio is their only interesting property. This presents great difficulties to beginners and savours too much of the early days when the theory of limits had not been developed. It has been largely ousted by the second school, which regards the differentials of independent variables as actual increments and defines the differential of a dependent variable (in terms of them) as what I like to call a "bogus increment". It seems to me that this second interpretation is not as easy as it pretends to be, and that it suffers from serious drawbacks ; and the purpose of this article is to put forward a third interpretation which so far as I know is original and which is free from the objectionable features of the other two. Of what follows, the earlier part is a criticism of the second interpretation referred to, while the later part is an attempt to show how differentials can be more easily taught, and to demonstrate the adequacy of my interpretation.


The main goal of the study was to find the relationship between motivation and resistance to chan ge in workers of a public sector company in Bogotá, Colombia. The study made contributions to Industrial/Organizational Psychology with regards to these two variables, specifically Supervision, Participation, Belonging, Communication, Teamwork, Job content, Leadership, Internal motivational conditions, Change culture, Individual and Group level, Authority acceptance, Preferred means, Task dedication, Passive resistance, Expectation, among others. An action field for the Psychologist is confirmed upon finding that controlling work conditions (with regards to motivation and factors that create resistance to change) in order to achieve an optimal performance is vital, and the perspective of Organizational Psychology becomes widened, since the Psychologist is a potential agent of change.


Designed for the experienced Web developers, this text explains how to use Fusion to create complex Web pages filled with images, multimedia and interactivity and with many pages and links. The CD is designed to be an interactive workshop and includes a demonstration version of NetObjects Fusion.


Although free radical byproducts have previously been detected by ESR in emulsion polymerization systems, propagating free radicals apparently have not been observed directly.


Discharges of treated industrial wastewater may impair the receiving surface water quality. Biological early warning systems (biosensors) for continuous holistic water quality monitoring may better tackle the wide range of potential threats from industrial activities (e.g. oxygen depletion, metal traces, chemical toxins). Commercial biosensor solutions based on mussels and oysters behavioural assessment have enabled overall water quality monitoring of industrial effluents. Although burrowing clams present worldwide ecological and economic importance and their behavioural changes are potential indicators of concerning environmental conditions, current technologies do not allow their use as biosensors. Proposing an experimental monitoring setup and comprehend the behavioural patterns of burrowing clams in different water quality conditions are the first steps towards reliable biosensor solutions for water quality assessment. The present work proposes an vision-based tool to assess clams' behavioural patterns in different levels of water contamination. It may be basis for building holistic biosensor technology based on clams behavioural assessment for industrial effluent monitoring and early alarm. The proposed system measures the total occupied area by animals through a data acquisition system and data processing pipeline. An off-the-shelf camera setup registers top-view images of the animals inside a container. An image segmentation algorithm properly identify the clams and enables behavioral assessment. System suitability is explored in a case study using the yellow clam Amarilladesma mactroides and DCOIT contaminant. The performance of a Watershed and a machine learning segmentation models are investigated. Obtained results indicate both models can achieve high performance in this task. Behavioural tracking stage enables the use of statistical functions to observe behavioural changes in the animals, which may be proxy to overall water quality condition.


A new species of the genus Pedopodisma Zheng collected from Guizhou Province, China is described. The type specimens are deposited in the Institute of Zoology, Shaanxi Normal University. Pedopodisma chishuiensis sp. nov. (Fig. 1).This new species is allied to Pedopodisma fopingensis Zheng et Huo 2000, but differs in : 1)length of longitudinal diameter of eyes 1.4 (♀)~2 (♂) times the length of subocular furrow; 2) elytra not reaching the hind margin of mesonotum (♂), and reaching the hind margin of mesonotum (♀); 3) male, subgenital plaate short conical, top sharp; 4) female, in the middle of hind margin of subgenital plate with a triangular projection.Length of body: ♂ 20 mm; ♀ 25~26 mm.Length of pronotum: ♂ 5 mm; ♀ 5.5~6 mm.Length of elytra: ♂ 0.5 mm; ♀ 1 mm.Length of hind femur: ♂ 11 mm; ♀ 14~15 mm.Holotype ♂, Guizhou: Chishui, 105°7′ E, 28°5′ N, 2000-09-22, collected by Ren Guodong; paratypes 2♀♀, other data as holotype.


The surface properties of single and agglomerated micro-crystals are characterised using the micro-focus X-ray beams available at a third generation synchrotron light source together with other laboratory facilities. The influence of the crystallisation environment, on the resultant product crystals is studied by both varying the cooling rates during crystallisation and through the addition of impurities and cross-correlated with the morphology and size changes. Unmodified urea crystallised in 99% ethanol produce needle-like crystals whilst addition of 4% of biuret in crystallisation of urea produce a more prismatic crystal shape. At faster cooling rates smaller sized crystals are produced and vice versa. Dispersive surface energy analysis using inverse gas chromatography (IGC) shows that unmodified urea has lower dispersive surface energy than urea modified by biuret. The dispersive surface energy also increases as the cooling rates increased. Both the morphology changes and surface energy measurements are validated using molecular modelling. The morphological prediction intermolecular force calculations of unmodified urea and urea modified by biuret are used to calculate a weighted value for the whole crystals' dispersive surface energies. The results are in good agreement with experimental results from IGC. The sorption of urea crystals on water moisture showed that unmodified urea samples adsorbed water higher than urea modified by biuret by the observation of the percentage of mass change with respect to the relative humidity. The study of variability within powdered samples was found that no significant different in the unit cell parameters values of each single crystals. The orientation relationship between agglomerated micro-crystalline particles of aspirin showed the agglomerates tend to interact at the faces that have ability to form bonding. In urea samples, most of the agglomerates are mostly aligned due to epitaxy growth of the crystals. The XMT experiment also was carried out on agglomerated α-LGA and the 3-dimensional (3D) shape the samples were obtained.


The neonatal period is defined as first four weeks of extra uterine life. The skin of the newborn serves a pivotal role in transition from aqueous intra uterine environment to extra uterine terrestrial life. Neonatal skin differs in structure and function from that of adults and hence the dermatoses seen during this period differ in their clinical presentation and therapeutic requirements. The skin of neonate is thinner less hairy has, weaker inter cellular attachments, increased susceptibility to external irritants, microbial infections and decreased contact allergen reactivity. The appreciation of normal physiological phenomena and their differentiation from more significant cutaneous disorders of new born is critical for dermatologist in order to modify the approach for caring of new born skin during this period. Most of the studies. 4 regarding neonatal dermatoses have focused on the first few hours or days after birth but literature regarding full neonatal period is meagre and no such study is available from this part of the country and hence this study is an attempt to provide the frame work for an effective ABSTRACT


Objective To investigate the effect and mechanism of RNA interference ( RNAi)-mediated signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 ( STAT3 ) inhibition on human pancreatic cancer cells angiogenesis in vitro.Methods RNAi was used to inhibit STAT3 gene of SW1990 cells.Methyl thiazol tetrazolium (MTT) assay and flow cytometric analysis were performed to detect cell proliferation and cell cycle of human umbilical vein endothelial cell ( HUVEC),respectively.The migration ability of HUVECs was determined by cell migration assay.Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to detect the protein expression of the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF).Results Inhibition of STAT3 with RNAi significantly inhibited the proliferation of HUVECs and decreased the migration ability of HUVECs invitro.The cell growth rate at 24,48,72 h in SW1990-RNAi group was (1.19 ±0.11)%,( 1.62 ± 0.15 ) %,( 1.95 ± 0.18 ) %,respectively.The percentage of HUVECs at G0/G1 phase in SW1990-RNAi group was (80.95 ± 7.49)%.Moreover,the VEGF protein expression in SW1990-RNAi cells was reduced by 60%.Conclusion Inhibition of STAT3 with RNAi can significantly inhibit the angiogenesis ability of pancreatic cancer cells through down-regulating VEGF,which may provide a novel strategy in preventing the angiogenesis of pancreatic cancer.

Key words:
RNA interference;  Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 ;  Pancreatic carcinoma;  Angiogenesis


Traditional PLC is one Real-time controller,which plays an important role in the industry control field. As a result of the more complicate and complex control demand,traditional PLC has already could not satisfy the demand of the intelligent and humanity. And embedded Real-Time system has the advantages of en-hancing the reliability of system,improving the developmental efficiency and reducing the development cycle. The paper aims at the demands of intelligent and humanity of industry controller,faces to the industry control field design a embedded PLC based on ARM andμC/OS-Ⅱ.


The effect of x rays and uv light on the absorption spectrum of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) solutions was investigated using different ionic strength of the solvent. There was an inhibition of the indirect radiation effect by x rays if the DNA was dissolved in NaCl solution instead of in distilled water. (auth)


The adaptable response to low-temperature stress of post-harvest fruit are reviewed.The signal transduction of fruit under low temperature are also discussed.It shows that molecular biology and gene engineering provide an effective approach to further study.


Virtual machine (VM) use in a cluster environment imposes many challenges upon a cluster administrator. As the number of VMs across a site grows, manually tracking transient site state information such as resource availability and VM locations and status while enforcing policies for running large numbers of VMs across a cluster becomes increasingly difficult. In this dissertation I focus on VM use in clusters and consider the management and efficiency problems that arise in this unique environment. I present Usher, a virtual machine management system designed to impose few constraints upon the computing environment under its management. Usher enables administrators to choose how their virtual machine environment will be configured and the policies under which it will be managed. Usher cluster administrators can push basic virtual cluster management tasks such as VM start and stop out to the users (virtual cluster creators) themselves, reducing administrator workload and allowing users to create virtual clusters on demand. The modular design of Usher allows for alternate implementations for authentication, authorization, infrastructure handling, logging, and virtual machine scheduling. The design philosophy of Usher is to provide an interface whereby users and administrators can request virtual machine operations while delegating administrative tasks and policy enforcement for these requests to modular plugins. I present an Usher scheduling plugin designed to map virtual machines onto physical machines such that an arbitrarily defined utility is optimized. I discuss possible cluster scheduling goals and present a representative cluster scheduling problem called Fair Maximum Utilization (FMU). Exploration of scheduling heuristics of varying levels of sophistication applied to FMU suggest that those which make better VM resource demand predictions and only slight schedule adjustments work well in general.


This paper is devoted to singular calculus of variations problems with constraint functional not regular at the solution point in the sense that the first derivative is not surjective. In the first part of the paper we pursue an approach based on the constructions of the p-regularity theory. For p-regular calculus of variations problem we formulate and prove necessary and sufficient conditions for optimality in singular case and illustrate our results by classical example of calculus of variations problem.


The article is devoted to the description of the way how the haw reform of archival business in Russia in the last third of the XIX century led to the creation of the scientific archivist commission in Orenburg. The main object of Provincial scientific archivist commission in Orenburg was the foundation of the historical archive. This aim had been reached by 1888. Since that time the help service of the archive has started to work.


Over the years, lossless audio compression has gained popularity as researchers and businesses has become more aware of the need for better quality and higher storage demand. This paper will analyse various lossless audio coding algorithm and standards that are used and available in the market focusing on Linear Predictive Coding (LPC) specifically due to its popularity and robustness in audio compression, nevertheless other prediction methods are compared to verify this. Advanced representation of LPC such as LSP decomposition techniques are also discussed within this paper.


Purpose Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is usually overexpressed in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). We tested the antitumor effects of irreversible ErbB family inhibitor afatinib on human NPC using in vitro and in vivo models. Materials and methods The effect of afatinib on NPC cells was evaluated using the Cell Counting Kit 8 (CCK8) assay, flow cytometry, and Western blot analyses. The effect of afatinib, as either a single agent or in combination with gemcitabine (GEM), on tumor growth was determined using NPC tumor xenografts in mice. Results Afatinib inhibited cell growth in all three NPC cell lines tested in a dose-dependent manner. Afatinib promoted cell cycle arrest at the S and G2/M phases, and it significantly inhibited epidermal growth factor (EGF)-induced activation of EGFR and its downstream signaling factors. Co-treatment with afatinib and GEM more effectively inhibited tumor growth than either drug alone but was associated with increased toxicity. Conclusion Afatinib induced cell cycle arrest and inhibited the proliferation of NPC cell lines. Afatinib in combination with GEM demonstrated significant antitumor effect in an NPC xenograft model. The administration of afatinib with GEM in NPC needs to be modified in order to be effective and tolerable.


This is a rich theoretical and empirical study concerning international public relations on the web for head of state English web sites for developing countries. There is no other research in this area that comes close to the depth with which this topic is addressed in this study. In this regard, its contribution is very significant. Highly original, this study breaks new ground and may very well contribute to a new field in international public relations on the internet. "This book is highly recommended for public relations, communications, and international relations scholars ... [it] not only provides scholars with new areas of theoretical development to explore, it also provides practitioners with a blueprint for future practice." - Dr. Patricia A. Curtin, Professor, Endowed Chair of Public Relations, School of Journalism and Communication, The University of Oregon


Enthalpy changes for the complexation of Ce3+, Eu3+ and Er3+ with two cyclic diaza diacetates 1,4,10-trioxa-7,13-diazacyclopentadecane-N,N′-diacetic acid (H2L1) and 1,4,10,13-tetraoxa-7,16-diazacyclooctadecane-N,N′-diacetic acid (H2L2) have been obtained by isoperibol titration calorimetry. From these values and corresponding Gibbs energy data, the entropy changes for these reactions were derived. The results show that complex formation is stabilized in each case by entropy changes. There is a favourable enthalpy contribution for interactions of Ce3+ and Eu3+ with H2L2. There is a direct correlation between the entropy contributions and enthalpy terms for the complexes of both the ligands. The results are consistent with an encapsulated model for complexes of H2L2 and a cis-carboxylate model for complexes of H2L1.


Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) are portions of the marine environment which are protected from some or all human activity. Often these are proposed as a safeguard against collapse of fish stocks, although there are numerous other suggested purposes for their establishment. "No take" MPAs (hereafter referenced as nMPAs) are those from which no harvest is allowed. Other types include those where certain types of harvest are prohibited, which are reserved for certain user groups, or which are protected from other human activities such as drilling or dredging.


Hepatocellular cancer (HCC) in the presence of cirrho sis of the liver has provoked debate ever since the availability of orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT). Initially, when OLT was still considered an 'experimental' procedure, patients with liver tumors were considered to be ideal candidates1 for this procedure since their survival without transplantation was short and in many cases the accompanying liver disease was less severe. As OLT became an established procedure, demand for organs outstripped the supply and the use of this precious resource for a poorer survival group like patients with HCC came under scrutiny.2 With growing experience, it became apparent that patients with large or bilobar tumors and those with vascular invasion often developed tumor recurrence quickly and the survival benefit of OLT in such patients was questionable.3 The landmark article from Mazzaferro et al4 brought to light simple 'Milan' criteria that helped identify a patient subgroup with four-year-survival rate following OLT that was equivalent to that in non-tumor groups with an acceptably low tumor recurrence rate of 10%. The Milan criteria were enthusiastically adopted by the transplant community and validated.5 However, these criteria denied many patients access to this potentially life-saving treatment, leading to several attempts to expand the criteria for selection of patients with HCC for OLT.6-13 This was based on the recognition that size and number were only surrogate markers for systemic spread, and that larger tumors without vascular invasion may do equally well. Modern imaging is likely to more easily detect HCCs of 12 cm which were missed by techniques used in 1996 at the time of development of the Milan criteria, thus leading to patients being excluded today, but who may have been eligible 10 years ago. The presence of a larger number of these small tumors may have no impact on prognosis.7,8,13


Between 1989 and 1993, in the city of Altamira, State of Para, 26 children were murdered, kidnapped and sexually mutilated. Some of the victims disappeared. This case, known as the 'case of the emasculated boys', provoked great interest amongst the national and international media. The characteristics of these crimes contribute to the representation of the event as something unique, different from other cases of violence involving children that took place in Para, Brazil and other parts of the world. This paper will analyze the centrality of "emasculation" in the crimes, in medicine's actions and in the reparations proposals to the violence suffered.


The study aimed at establishing the perceptions of teachers on primary school children vulnerability to HIV/AIDS during the 2007-2008 post election violence in Kibera Slums, Kenya. Four research objectives were formulated to guide the study. This study used descriptive survey design. The sample comprised of 16 headteachers and 160 teachers. Data was collected by use of questionnaires for teachers and headteachers while children were involved in focus group discussions. The data indicated that there were various causes of HIV/AIDS infection among primary school children during post-election violence. Findings indicated that there were various factors that led to primary school children vulnerability to HIV/AIDS during Post Election Violence. It was revealed that during post election violence law enforcement that protect individual rights broke down thus increasing vulnerability of children to sexual intimidation and consequently HIV/AIDS. Poverty during post election violence led to child prostitution among primary school children putting them at the risk of contracting HIV/AIDS. Children were compelled by the "push" factors like poverty and lack of protection to indulge in unbecoming behavior like prostitution. Extreme push factors arose when children's families got killed or when they had separated from their parents or customary caretakers who might have provided care and protection. Orphans and separated children decided to join prostitution as a means of obtaining food. Besides, destitution of the children due to the post election violence made them susceptible to such heinous acts as rape thereby increasing their chances of acquiring HIV/AIDS. Some children engaged in small scale businesses to fend for their families. This too exposed them to sexual abuse which could have led to the acquisition of HIV/AIDS. The study concluded that there were various remedial actions towards primary school pupils' vulnerability to HIV/AIDS during post Election Violence. These included initiation of education programmes to support children's psychological welfare, guidance and support to vulnerable children, keeping records of the alfected children and linking them to children officers. Also the headteachers had created networks to identify affected children; they also organized educational activities that aimed at promoting awareness among children while programmes lor parents on how to report incidents of child sexual abuse were introduced. Based on the findings it was recommended that measures should be put in place during violence to minimize children vulnerability.


Large-scale mafic dike swarms occur in Dongji Island located in the Zhoushan archipelago in Zhejiang Province,and are termed as Dongji Island mafic dike swarms(DIMDS) in this paper.DIMDS emplaced along joints of the Late Mesozoic granites and pyroclastic rocks with attitudes of NNE(10°~30°),NNW(330°~350°) and nearly EW(100°~110°) trendings,which steeply contacted with the granite or pyroclastic rocks.The dike rocks are mainly hornblende diabase,and the Ar-Ar age of whole rock is 93.4Ma.Geochemically,DIMDS are weak-alkaline series of basalt compositions with SiO_2 46.88%~52.55%,CaO 5.40%~7.82%,Al_2O_3 16.30%~17.31%,TiO_2 1.53%~1.18%,(Na_2O+K_2O) 4.62%~6.88%and Mg~#=34~42.All these rocks are enriched in LREE,LILE(Sr,K,Rb,Ba),and depleted in HFSE,especially Ta and Nb.I_(Sr) values of DIMDS from 0.7084 to 0.7098,ande_(Nd)(t) values from -3.21 to -8.11.The overall elemental and Sr-Nd isotopic characteristics of DIMDS are similar to that of mafic dikes from the coastal area of Fujian Province,and in consistent with that of the Late Mesozoic basic igneous rocks (gabbros/diabase and basalt) in Zhejiang and Fujian provinces.The results suggest that DIMDS were probably derived from basaltic magma produced from partial melting of enriched iithospheric mantle and contaminated by crustal material.The DIMDS formed in the continental extension setting,and can be as a petrologic indicator of Late Mesozoic extension in the coastal area of Zhejiang and Fujian provinces.


Location of the internship: The internship will be jointly between the WILLOW team at INRIA Paris1 and the LEAR team at INRIAGrenoble2, and will be co-supervised by Jean Ponce and Cordelia Schmid, a ENS professor and a INRIA research director respectively. Both teams are specialized in computer vision, in particular visual recognition. Armand Joulin, a researcher at FaceBook, will be an external advisor to the project. There exists the possibility to continue the research as a PhD student.


We address here the following question: Given an inconsistent theory, find a minimal subset of it responsible for the inconsistency. Such conflicts are essential for problem solvers that make use of conflict-driven search (cf. [2, 4, 9]), for interactive applications where explanations are required (cf. [16, 22]), or as supporting tools for consistency maintenance in knowledge-bases (cf. [11]). Conflict computation in AI applications was usually associated with dependency recording as performed by TMSs (cf. [2, 3, 18]). This techniques, however, have a rather limited applicability for languages that go beyond the expressiveness power of propositional logic. For more powerful languages and solvers constraint suspension appeared, until now, to be the only available alternative for the computation of minimal conflicts.

We present here an algorithm for computing minimal conflicts that can be used with powerful constraint languages, e.g. possibly including finite and non-finite variable domains, algebraic and FD constraints, etc. The conflicts are extracted post mortem from the proof (a tree with inferences of the form A ⋀ B ⇒ C) that lead to the derivation of the inconsistency by an informed search that computes and generalizes conflicting relations. The algorithm is based on a simple but powerful principle that allows to recursively decompose the minimization problem into smaller sub-problems. This principle can also lay the foundation for efficient constraint suspension algorithms that can be used in case no intermediary results are cached during the constraint solving, i.e. in case no proof structures are available.


Aim  Hypotonia is a symptom of diminished tone of skeletal muscle associated with decreased resistance of muscles to passive stretching, which can be caused by abnormalities of the central nervous system, any element of the lower motoneuron, or both. Hypotonia is not a specific diagnosis, but can be part of over 500 different genetic disorders, with many other conditions waiting to be identified. This review proposes a pragmatic approach to evaluating hypotonia in neonatal and pediatric populations by using a diagnostic algorithm.


We deal with oscillatory properties of the higher order Sturm‐Liouville difference equation. We find the exact value of the constant in some oscillation criteria for this equation. We also determine the (non)oscillation of the Euler-type difference equation.


This paper aims to study the term, use and mode of a Five peaks screen(五峯屛), which is one of the decorative court painting in the category of art history Five peaks screen refers to Five peaks painting drawn on the medium of a folding screen. Five peaks painting designates a painting, which is composed of various motifs such as the sun, the moon, five peaks, waves and pine trees. This Five peaks screen was generally placed behind the throne in Chosen dynasty. Nonetheless, it should not be overlooked that Five peaks screen was employed for a variety of use at Court in Chosen dynasty In brief, the Five peaks screen was not only placed behind the throne but also used for 凶禮 and a course for copying the painting of royal portraits. In this paper, I want to research about the Five peaks screen by examining the record of 凶禮都監儀軌(which means formality manual from the office in charge of the funeral rites) of Chosen dynasty, which was neglected in the existing studies. Since Chosen dynasty, the Five peaks screen has been calling in various terms so far. Though those terms were named after one related to icons, 'Five peaks screen' or 'Five peaks mountain screen' was recorded in a large number of Court documents and of 凶禮都監儀軌 in Chosen dynasty. It is considered that among the icons consisting of the Five peaks screen, Five peaks were more focused than the sun and the moon. It can be inferred form the fact that the icons of the sun and the moon were omitted in the canopy-Five peaks screen of 魂殿. In fact, instead of the sun and the moon, the painting of a sun-moon mirror was placed on the canopy-Five peaks screen. It is considered that the basis of such the sun-moon mirror was originated from 『Bao Pu Zi』 of Taoism. It is not clear, however, that how the original figure of the sun-moon mirror looked like due to the absence of a relic related to the term of the mirror or an explanatory diagram about the mirror. However, use of this mirror came to stop after King Youngjo period (1724-1776). Instead, it began to paint the sun and the moon using gold and silver dei right on the screen. It is believed that this way came to continue until the middle of the nineteenth century and since then the sun and the moon as the feature of the current Five peaks screen has been painted with red and white colors. Also, the screen was surely necessary for 凶禮儀式. The screen began to be used in 魂殿 and then 殯殿 and 山陵 as time went by. It shows that use of the screen during Chosen dynasty came to expand. Among the rest, the first document of historical materials was a Five peaks screen installed in 魂殿's canopy. 魂殿 was the place where king's ancestral tablets were put in for 3 years. Inside this Honjeon, the canopy was arranged to put the ancestral tablets and the screen comes to be placed inside canopy. Like this, 魂殿's canopy Five peaks screen became remained until the end of Chosen dynasty. On the other hand, the materials used for making the Five peaks screen were recorded in 凶禮都監儀軌 thoroughly. Especially the materials for 魂殿's canopy a Five peaks screen were recorded more thoroughly. It benefits to examine the chronological changes of the materials used for the Five peaks screen then. Therefore, I studied those materials shown 『[仁祖]殯殿都監儀軌』(1649), 『[正宗大王]殯殿魂殿都監儀軌(1800) and 『[仁祖]殯殿都監儀軌』(1895), among 凶禮都監儀軌. If colored pigments are examined, it is assumed that gold and silver dei was employed for the five-peaks-screen, which was used for 魂殿 during King Injo period, and has splendid feature. This mode was conveyed to 魂殿 during King Jungjo period. From the middle of the nineteenth century, however, use of silver dei disappeared and only gold die was employed. Through this fact, it can be inferred that the existing Eve peaks screen were mostly created after the nineteenth century. In addition, the end of the nineteenth century, use of cobalt blue and emerald green, which was not recorded in the previous 儀軌, appeared. It shows that coloring of the Eve peaks screen became more abstract radically from the nineteenth century to the twentieth century. Next, I examined the classification of mode for the Eve peaks screen and learned that the screen can be classified into three modes largely. Firstly, it is a category of being formalization and complanation, secondly, a category of being natural, and lastly a category included in none of the two.


Purpose: This study examined the effects of guided imagery on stress, state anxiety, test anxiety and core basic nursing skill performance score of undergraduate nursing student. Methods: An equivalent control group pretest-posttest design was utilized. A total of 45 senior nursing students were randomly assigned to either an intervention group to receive guided imagery, or a control group (experimental group=23 students, control group=22 students). The guided imagery was provided via audio files to the intervention group for eight minutes, once a day for five days. The pretest was given before the intervention to measure variables for both groups, and the posttest was performed immediately afterward and three days after the intervention. Results: Significant differences were found between the two groups in stress ((F=4.94, p=.012), state anxiety (F=5.99, p=.005), and basic core nursing skill performance scores (Z=-2.45, p=.015). Conclusion: Guided imagery for nursing students has been identified as effective for stress, state anxiety, and basic core nursing skill performance scores. Guided imagery can be used as an effective intervention before performance tests. These study results can provide useful data for nursing education.


Recent years have seen extraordinary and accelerating developments in the pedagogical potential of ICT, to improve traditional school teaching and learning methods at all levels, and to offer greater diversity in the delivery of open and distance-learning programmes. Active participation in this process of continuous change is crucial for developing countries, but carries a double challenge. First, schools and universities must constantly adapt to the new technologies, such as satellite television, computers and information networks; since they can no longer perform effectively without these resources. Furthermore, society generates – and therefore demands for the professions and the workplace – a new technological culture, in which literacy and arithmetic skills are no longer enough. However, the application of ICT in education may have important domestic and international repercussions in the context of existing inequalities. In less


Key words: Electric field, continuum mechanics, electrodynamics, quantization of energy. Annotation: The article describes an experiment where continuum mechanics has been applied to the electric field. An equation has been derived, the solutions of which are identical to the basic laws (postulates) of electrodynamics. The causes have been determined that explain the appearance of corpuscular properties of radiation that cause photoelectric effect.


The objective was to analyze underreporting of tuberculosis cases from the capture of deaths registered at the Mortality Information System (SIM) from 2007 to 2011. We conducted a retrospective study in a city at the Northeast region of Brazil using a non-probabilistic association technique between SIM registries and the Information System on Diseases of Compulsory Declaration (Sinan), through the software Reclink III. We calculated odds ratios (OR) of individuals who died from tuberculosis not reported at Sinan, according sociodemographic characteristics. From 147 deaths registered at SIM, 72.8% were not notified at Sinan. Women were more likely to not be reported than men (OR = 2.60), people younger than 60 years (OR = 1.86), with less than eight years of education (OR = 4.42). Strategies should be re-signified in a way to capture more respiratory symptoms, to opportunely diagnose cases and to avoid flaws when completing registries.


To develop new Alzheimer's disease (AD) treatments, diagnostic tools must be applied before too much irreversible neurodegeneration occurs. One of the key features used to identify AD neurodegeneration is hippocampal (HC) volume. However, prediction accuracy using HC volume is not high enough to be implemented in clinical and research settings. The goal of this study was to compare prediction accuracy of HC volume and HC grading, a method that measures local morphological similarity of the HC to a library of NC and AD subjects.


TLRs respond to a variety of microbial products and initiate defense responses against bacteria and viruses. A variety of pathogens invade into and control the endosomal compartment to survive in host cells. On the other hand, host cells deploy cell surface and endosomal TLRs to pathogen‐containing vesicles to mount defense responses. The endosomal compartment is a site for pathogen‐sensing. As TLR‐dependent defense responses are accompanied with a shift to the anabolic state, TLR responses need to be under metabolic control. Cellular metabolic state is monitored by sensing lysosomal metabolites by the mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1). Type I IFN production induced by endosomal TLRs requires mTORC1. Recent studies have demonstrated that the interaction between TLRs and mTORC1 depends on their anterograde movement to the cell periphery. In a nutrient‐sufficient state, a molecular complex called Ragulator recruits and activates mTORC1 in lysosomes. In parallel, Ragulator allows the small GTPase Arl8b to drive lysosomes to the cell periphery. Nutrient‐activated mTORC1 in peripheral lysosomes is constitutively associated with type I IFN signaling molecules such as TRAF3 and IKKα. On the other hand, TLR7 and TLR3 are activated in the endosomal compartment and induce trafficking of TLR‐containing vesicles to the cell periphery in a manner dependent on Arl8b or another GTPase Rab7a, respectively. Lysosomal trafficking helps TLR7 and TLR3 to interact with nutrient‐activated mTORC1 and type I IFN signaling molecules. The endosomal compartments serve as platforms where metabolic sensing machinery licenses TLRs to initiate type I IFN responses.


The quest to realize topological band structures in artificial matter is strongly focused on lattice systems, and only quantum Hall physics is known to appear naturally also in the continuum. In this letter, we present a proposal based on a two-dimensional cloud of atoms dressed to Rydberg states, where excitations propagate by dipolar exchange interaction, while the Rydberg blockade phenomenon naturally gives rise to a characteristic length scale, suppressing the hopping on short distances. Then, the system becomes independent of the atoms' spatial arrangement and can be described by a continuum model. We demonstrate the appearance of a topological band structure in the continuum characterized by a Chern number C = 2 and show that edge states appear at interfaces tunable by the atomic density. dipole-coupled excited state | + (cid:105) or , having m ± = m 0 ± 1 as an internal degree of freedom. The energy difference between these states is µ = E + − E − . We consider the case of a single excitation in the cloud of atoms. The excitation can hop from one atom to another by dipolar exchange interaction that keeps the excitation's internal degree of freedom constant or changes it. In the latter case, the excitation picks up a non-trivial phase (spin-orbit coupling). interaction potentials to have the distance dependence given by the function f ( ) with short-distance cut-off s , chosen to be much larger than the average distance between the atoms.


"Base" is an important part in modern design education. In other way, there are several differences between "The Base of Design & Art" and "Basic Design & Art" in the meanings and contents. It is important for development on education and modern arts to define the differences.


Highlights the possibilities offered by the intelligent network (IN) technology for countries which require a rapid expansion of facilities in quality and quantity over the coming decade. A recent exercise revealed that just by using new transmission technologies like optical fibers, digital switches and cross connects and reorganising the switching hierarchy, the investment per line could be brought down by as much as 50%. Further savings (possibly 25%) are expected by employing IN concepts that would provide not only newer facilities but also result in optimum sharing of various resources. This becomes even more apparent when there are demands for several independent networks each of which is subcritical and costly due to the severe underutilization of resources. An IN that acts like a universal or national backbone network supporting a number of smaller (virtual) networks would result in appreciable efficiency and economy.<<ETX>>


Within the context of epileptic sources localization from electroencephalographic signals, this work presents an exploratory study aimed at studying the effect of channel weighting on the estimation of the inverse problem solution. In this study, we consider two weighting approaches followed from a relevance feature analysis based on variance and energy criteria. Such approaches are compared by measuring the difference between the estimated source activity and the true power of the simulated sources in terms of the Earth mover's distance. Experimental results show that the incorporation of proper weighting factors into a LORETA-driven solution, localization may be improved. As well, the physiological phenomenon of the brain activity is more precisely tracked.


Background: It had been found that some 5-substituted-2-thiouracils are biologically active as anticancer and as antimicrobial agents. Aim: As a part of ongoing studies in developing new pyrimidine derivatives, a series of some new thio pyrimidine derivatives were synthesized and evaluated for their cytotoxic activities. Material and method: The synthesis of targeted compounds occured via chlorosulphonation of 2-thiouracil to give a very rective sulphonyl chloride (2) which in turn was reacted with all isomers of anisidine yielding sulphonamide derivatives (3a-c) which were chlorinated with POCl3/PCl5 giving chloropyrimidines (4a-c), which were reacted with p-aminoacetophenone to give derivatives (5a-c). In another pathway, chloropyrimidines (4a-c) were reacted with hydrazine giving hydrazine derivatives (6a-c). Furthermore, chloropyrimidines (4a-c) were cyclo condensed with glycine yielding immidazopyrimidines (7a-c). In addition, hydrazinopyrimidines (6a-c) were cyclo condensed with Ac2O, trimethylformate and diethyloxalate giving derivatives (8a-c), (9a-c) and (10a-c), respectively. Finally, they were reacted with p-nitrobenzaldehyde yielding derivatives (11a-c). The cytotoxic activities of the prepared compounds were screened, and some of the synthesized compounds showed significant cytotoxic activities, either pyrimidines or condensed pyrimidines. Cell viability was determined using the trypan blue exclusion method. Cells were stained with trypan blue and counted with a hemocytometer. Results and discussion: 2-thiouracil-5- sulphonamides have a cytotoxic activity comparable to 2-thiouracil itself. Conclusion : Substitution of 2-thiouracil at 5th position may retain its cytotoxic activity.


Thank you for downloading keepin it real school success beyond black and white. Maybe you have knowledge that, people have search numerous times for their chosen books like this keepin it real school success beyond black and white, but end up in malicious downloads. Rather than reading a good book with a cup of coffee in the afternoon, instead they cope with some malicious virus inside their laptop.


Stochastic dominance, stochastic dominance with respect to a function, and stochastic efficiency with respect to a function are used to compare late blight management strategies between a calendar spray schedule and a spray schedule recommended by Potato/Tomato Late Blight Decision Support System (DSS). Results show that the DSS recommended spray schedule is a more effective management strategy for controlling late blight in terms of disease control, net income over fungicide cost, and risk-adjusted net income. The value added by DSS ranges from $30 to $544 per acre. Our research contributes to the literature by providing a method to evaluate the economic benefits of adopting DSS.


5) Analysis. When you mention the qualitative analysis you talk about the instrument and how it was distributed among participants. First, I think these topics must appear in the methods section. Besides I wonder where is the instrument?, How many participants received it? As regards the "Statistical analysis of data" how have you determine the sample size? Second, the paragraph "Factorial Analysis" that you include in the result section should be appear in the methods section. A clear description of how data were analyzed is needed.


A useful source of reference on modern defensive and strategic thinking, It provides 400 clear definitions and explanations of the theories and policies which dominate strategic affairs and arms negotiations. It discusses relevant government departments, committees, international organizations, conferences, agreements and important individuals.


J-^EAR MARY: I was so disap/ J pointed when I learned that the grippe had kept you at home, and that our plans for meeting at Syracuse had gone all awry. The Conference is over, but I am still thrilling with it and want to share it with you as much as I can. Of course, I can't send you the voices of the fine choruses, nor the music of the band and orchestra—those have to be heard to be appreciated. But I can tell you that I have come back with new standards for my glee clubs to reach, and with some new ideas to try out vocally. As for the high school orchestra—that concert was the event of the Conference. I was so thrilled and excited that I "prickled" from head to foot, and I found out afterwards that I wasn't the only one to react that way. You can find one crumb of comfort, though, in the thought that, if you missed it this time, it was so successful that the Conference will probably always have such an orchestra as part of its program from now on, especially since the Eastern Music Camp is going to be a reality this summer.


Modern consumers seek various pleasure and fun through shopping. Retailing are offering apparel products with entertainment services to customers such as movie theaters, restaurants and so on. The purposes of this study was investigate the effect of entertainment service on impulse buying behavior. Data were obtained from shoppers (N=684) randomly selected department stores and shopping malls located in Seoul and Busan. They were analyzed by factor analysis, t-test and cross analysis. The results showed that entertainment service users showed likely to be more recreational orientation, to be more pleasure, and better mood in retailing environment than entertainment service non-users. That is entertainment service users were more likely to buy impulsively during shopping than entertainment service non-users. Implication and future research directions discussed.


Infectious diseases, being a cognitive specialty, is commonly perceived to be difficult to teach at the bedside. Most junior doctors have had variable amounts of exposure to infectious diseases as medical students, primarily in the form of lectures as part of a microbiology curriculum. Teaching principles of infectious diseases practice to junior doctors is essential to develop good antibiotic prescribing skills. We suggest a practical guide with 3 x 3 steps to teach infectious disease practice at the bedside. We have attempted to outline the anticipated problems with the instruction of Infectious disease practice in the clinical setting and then have proceeded to adopt an expanded version of the clinical micro-skills model to address those gaps.


Ginsenoside Rg1 (GS Rg1) is the main pharmacological active ingredients of ginseng. GS Rg1 is not only a stimulating factor of hematopoietic stem cells, as well as of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. Human periodontal ligament stem cells (hPDLSCs) have the potential to transform into different cells for regeneration. This study, we found that 1 x 10(-5) mol/L GS Rg1 significantly promoted the proliferation and differentiation of hPDLSCs. Treatment with GS Rg1 for 2, 3, 4, 5 days showed better proliferation in MTT assays. The expression of ALP, RUNX 2, Collagen I, OPN and OCN were also increased, implying an improvement in osteogenic differentiation. More osteoid tissue was observed by SEM and immunohistochemistry in GS Rg1- nHAC scaffolds seeded with hPDLSCs when transplanted into mice. Ginsenoside Rg1 could be an effective bioactive agent for periodontal tissue engineering.


ABSTRACT This article describes archaeological evidence for the transformation of Hawaiian society from the fifteenth to nineteenth centuries AD. Using archaeological testing of households coupled with high-resolution survey data, we trace changes in the domestic mode of production in late pre-contact Hawai'i. These analyses yield insights into the transformation of Polynesia's most highly stratified society. The traditional land units (ahupua'a) of Makiloa and Kālala, located on the arid, leeward coast of Kohala, Hawai'i, are investigated with both survey and excavation, and detailed information pertaining to subsistence, household extent, and material culture are reviewed. Changes in the economy and configuration of households from the fifteenth to nineteenth centuries AD are discussed, as are the appearance of elite residences in the later periods. This microscale perspective on the evolution of Hawaiian economy and society provides a necessary complement to a macroscale perspective of human ecodynamics in the Hawaiian archipelago.


The graft copolymerization of undecylenic acid onto acrylonitrile butadiene styrene terpolymer (ABS) was initiated by benzoyl peroxide (BPO) in 1,2 dichloroethane solution. The infrared spectra results confirmed that undecylenic acid was successfully grafted onto ABS backbone. The influences of BPO concentration, monomer concentration, reaction time and reaction temperature were investigated in terms of grafting degree. The grafting degree increased with increasing BPO concentration, reaction time and reaction temperature. The grafting degree increased with monomer concentration initially but decreased after monomer concentration reaching at 0.30 mol/L. Grafting of undecylenic acid most probably takes place by homopolymer radicals adding to the double bond of butadiene region of ABS.


Background: Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis) is known to play a key role in the etiology of constant endodontic infections. Recently, suggestions of natural alternatives to overcome the downsides of sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) have been discussed in the literature. Aims: The present study investigates the antibacterial effect and compares the bacteria-killing time of six possible natural alternatives in comparison to 2.5% NaOCl, namely net Manuka Honey (MaH), crude black seed oil (BSO), 100% apple vinegar (AV), castor oil, crude sesame oil, and a novel plant extract (Bactil®). Materials and Methods: Agar well-diffusion assay was used to determine the antibacterial effect of the products against E. faecalis. Muller‒Hinton broth (MH broth) was used to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and the minimum bactericidal concentrations (MBC). Time-kill assay was performed to investigate the killing time required by the tested product to inhibit E. faecalis at 30, 60, 90, and 120 s. Results: Four out of the six tested products (crude BSO, 0.2% Bactil®, 100% AV, and net MH) exhibited an antibacterial activity against E. faecalis. While after MBC and MIC determination, only two of the products (0.4% BSO and 0.2% Bactil®) were able to inhibit the growth of E. faecalis within 30 s of exposure similar to the positive control 2.5% NaOCl. Conclusion: Within the limitations of this study, both 0.4% BSO and 0.2% Bactil® were as effective as 2.5% NaOCl against E. faecalis and could be suggested for further testing as promising natural alternatives to disinfect the root canal system.


This paper addresses research and development of evaluation system for sustainable development capacity of Yellow River Watershed,including soil and water conservation surveys,general system design,data structure and system function design.The system sets up the authoritative and innovative comprehensive evaluation indicator system at the domestic level,which can not only analyze the soil and water conservation monitoring data,but also evaluate the sustainable development capacity rapidly and specializedly,provide multiple accesses to data input and output and visually assist in scientific decision-making with the means of illustrated outcomes.


To compare male perceptions regarding the sexuality of divorced women as compared to single women, a ten-item questionnaire was administered to two matched samples, each containing 30 men. All the subjects in each sample also received a photograph of a woman and a brief description of the individual photographed. The written descriptions, as well as the photographs, were identical for both samples, except one sample received the divorced woman condition and the other sample was given the single woman condition. The t-test was used to determine the equality of means between samples. Significant differences appeared on six of the ten items. Although the single woman was perceived by men as being more "physically attractive" and "sexually exciting", the divorced woman was perceived as having greater "sexual experience" and "sexual knowledge" and being more "sexually assertive" and "promiscuous".


Preschool children's expression of participation in primary child health careIntroductionAccording to The Convention on the Rights of Child children have the right to have their voice heard and to ...


Abstract Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) is among the most abundant plastics worldwide. Phthalates and other plasticizers—small molecules added to PVC to impart flexibility—have raised numerous health concerns due to their tendency to migrate out of PVC, where they can be ingested or contaminate the environment. Internal plasticization, in which a plasticizer is covalently bound to the PVC backbone, offers a solution to the problem of plasticizer migration. This comprehensive review covers the preparation of internally plasticized PVC in the literature. Strategies fall into three main categories: nucleophilic substitution of chlorine atoms on PVC; graft polymerization using plasticizing monomers, usually from defect sites in the PVC backbone; and copolymerization of vinyl chloride with monomers bearing plasticizing species. Minimizing cost and number of synthetic steps are important considerations when designing plasticizers for this large-scale commodity plastic.


Note: Includes references, annexes and index. - Transl. from Grundlagen fur den Entwurf von Segelflugzeugen Reference Record created on 2004-09-07, modified on 2016-08-08


The first part of this article consists of a critical analysis of scholarship on the cantiga of Alfonso X, Pero da Ponte, paro-vos sinal (B487 / V70), with particular attention to that of Vicenc Beltran (2005) and Carlos Callon (2011). The interpretation of both scholars is unsatisfactory: the first one for chronological reasons; the second one because it is based on unconvincing and badly argued interpretations of the text of Alfonso X and other cantigas of Pero da Ponte. In the second part of this article, I analyze the relations between Alfonso X and Provencal lyric: I examine the meaning of the collocation trobar natural ―which refers to a specifical ideological contrast current in the first generation of troubadours (notably Marcabru and Bernart de Ventadorn). The collocation also indicates possible motives for Alfonso X's two satirical cantigas of Pero da Ponte, namely, Se eu podesse desamar and Poys de mha morte gran sabor avedes, in which the Galician troubadour expresses positions that are both irreligious and anti-courteousy.


Online shopping apps offer discounts with the help of coupons which have been shown to be highly effective, especially, in the case of mobile commerce. However, the mechanism of attracting customers via discounting and its effect on the adoption of mobile shopping apps have not been studied in detail. We explored the important antecedents for continued usage intention of mobile shopping apps. Further, we explored the effect of coupon proneness via the expectation confirmation model. We have explored the mediating role of trust and moderating role of coupon proneness on the relationship between satisfaction and intention of continued usage. We found direct and indirect linkages of satisfaction, confirmation of expectations, perceived usefulness and trust and coupon proneness with continued usage intention. Results indicated that trust partially mediates the relationship between satisfaction and continued usage intention, and coupon proneness negatively moderates the relationship between trust and continued usage intention. Our study shows that coupons are effective in the short run but satisfaction and trust building are important for long-term strategy. Some personality traits can have an impact on the findings which have not been part of this study. Future research can expand and validate these findings.


So, if you've read Linux journal or googled how to use tor, you're an "extremist" according to the NSA. Fucking idiots.


This article is about national identity, political interest and the creation of international human rights regimes. Geographically, it is focused on Western Europe and the very recent process of establishing the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union. Both national identity and political interest are seen as important determinants of this process, defining its discourse and outcome. The relationship between the two is complex and recursive. They influence each other to an extent that warrants seeing them as mutually constitutive. On one hand, the social, political and economic projects elites engage in have to resonate positively with dearly held elements of national identity but have also the power to modify them. Being a psychological phenomenon, on the other hand, national identity is a dynamic concept that employs common historically defined memories, traditions and customs but is also subject to the influence of the political context within which it operates.