stipendiaries today. Country parishes and country clergy have always been the mainstay of the Church of Ireland and the church is disappearing from rural Ireland like snow off a ditch. If I may give as an example the diocese of Cashel where I was once a church warden, there were eleven incumbents as recently as 1960, but there are only three today and how long will it be before there are none? So it is not surprising that the Church of Ireland should attract the attention of historians. As the introduction to this volume makes clear this has been mainly in relation to the 16th century and 17th century to the neglect of the more recent centuries, and indeed this is reflected in the book itself. Many of the contributions are of the stand alone variety, more suitable to a Festschrift than to what purports to be a comprehensive history. William Roulston's chapter on glebe houses has a density which evokes a Ph.D. thesis and he confmes himself to the province of Ulster, something that is eschewed by all the other contributors. The 20th century coverage is patchy. Robert WyseJackson was never Bishop of Meath. He did indeed write books on silver and glass, but he also wrote two books on Swift and for many years wrote a weekly colunm in the Church ifIreland Gazette which was a marvel of erudition on all things related to the Church of Ireland. A barrister, a dramatist and a competent water colourist he was the last of the polymaths among the Irish clergy. Henry McAdoo certainly wrote about Jeremy Taylor and the Irish Caroline divines and about the eucharist. But his larger more general book is not mentioned this was 'the spirit of Anglicanism' which appeared in 1965 and was the substance of the Hale Lectures delivered at Seabury Western Theological Seminary in the United States. These caveats should not detract from a very worthwhile book, and with its companion volume on the laity (published in 2002), Four Courts Press has carried through a fme survey of the Church of Ireland from medieval times almost to the present day.


PurposeWe aimed to identify the most accurate single-sample glomerular filtration rate (SS-GFR) technique for all patient ages. Materials and methodsWe performed a systematic review of all published SS-GFR measurement techniques and compared the results from each test with a gold-standard nine-point 'area-under-curve' measurement of GFR as well as slope-intercept (SI-GFR) methods for 412 GFR tests. ResultsWe have shown that for patients of all ages the SS-GFR technique developed by Fleming and colleagues delivers the best accuracy and precision, with results equivalent to those calculated by SI-GFR. The median percentage difference from the gold-standard GFR for the Fleming technique is 4.8% (95% confidence interval 3.9–5.7%) and that for the three-point SI-GFR is 5.6% (95% confidence interval 4.9–6.3%). The interquartile range of the distribution of percentage difference from the gold standard is −0.23 to 11% for the Fleming method and 1.6–11% for the three-point SI-GFR. ConclusionThe Fleming technique outperforms the method currently recommended by the international guidelines, and is simpler as only one equation is required for all patients instead of separate equations for adults and children. We propose that the SS-GFR technique of Fleming replace the methods currently recommended by the international and BNMS guidelines for routine measurement of GFR for expected results greater than 30 ml/min/1.73 m2. A thorough system of measurement checks should be implemented for all methods of GFR assessment; the perceived lack of opportunity for quality control checks to be performed on the result of a single-sample measurement is addressed in the companion paper of this study.


Only a small percentage of domestic and industrial wastewaters are properly treated in Mexico. Most of the wastewater produced is used for crop irrigation ...


The combination of several sampling methods with criterions are considered as an optimal method based on a deep study on sampling methods for automatic focusing and the criterion for focusing accuracy.A better combining method is obtained through experiments and the experimental results are given.


The traditional PCC( Policy and Charging Control) architecture cannot fully meet the requirements of data business operations for mobile carriers. In order to improve the ability to control the data services,a novel design is introduced that expands the existing PCRF(Policy and Charging Rules Function) unit by additional content control module CCRF(Content Control Rules Function). From a case of CCRF in Guangdong mobile carrier,this new architecture of PCC shows more efficient control and management ability to data business. Therefore,the new model of PCC proves that mobile carries have potential ability to further improve the performance in the management of data service content,customer satisfaction,and marketing of data business,etc.


Parallel algorithms generated by multisplittings are considered. A parallel algorithm may be formed, first, by concurrently executing the iteration associated with each splitting, and second, by forming a weighted sum of these computations. However, it is not imperative that the weighting be done last. Convergence results are obtained for a variety of other weighting schemes. In particular, it is shown that preweighting is in some cases more desirable than the traditional postweighting. Furthermore, we indicate how one can use a symmetric weighting scheme to obtain a good multisplitting version of the SSOR preconditioner. These algorithms are illustrated by computations done on an Alliant $\text{FX} /8$ .


Measurements of dissolved and leachable particulate trace metals (Mn, Fe, Co, Pb, Cd, Zn, Cu and Ni) and total particulate Mn and Fe were made on seawater samples collected from the northwestern Black Sea during the EROS 2000 expedition conducted in July–August 1995.The investigation concentrated on waters of the shelf and shelf edge, but included one deeper water (1440 m) station.In the oxic layer of the deep station, the suspended particulate fractions of Mn and Fe were a major part of the total metal mass, consistent with the presence of the ''Fine Particle Layer'' which forms on the shelf and spreads all over the Black Sea with intensities decreasing from the coast.Dissolved and total particulate concentrations were, respectively, Mn, 0.69–9.6, 1.2–29; Fe, 0.79–3.03, 2.3–7.4 nM. Dissolved Cu and Ni concentrations were relatively high (1–8 and 8–12 nM, respectively), and did not show any depletion in surface oxic waters, possibly as a result of strong organic complexation.Dissolved Pb concentrations (100–200 pM) were higher than were generally found on the shelf.This was attributed to atmospheric inputs combined with less efficient scavenging of metals in these low SPM waters.The distribution of dissolved Co closely resembled that of dissolved Mn reflecting coupling through oxidation of Mn.Concentrations of dissolved Cd and Zn were low in surface water (0.07–0.09 and 0.9–2.0 nM, respectively), and increases in concentrations with depth were sharply reversed around the top of the redoxcline.For most metals (Mn, Fe, Co, Pb, Cu, Cd, Zn) dissolved concentrations were low in the anoxic layers as a result of solubility by formation of, or association with, solid sulphide phases.Dissolved Ni was not affected by sulphide precipitation.At most of the shelf stations there were clear enhancements of dissolved Mn and Fe in the deepest waters, consistent with other evidence that significant benthic fluxes of these metals arise through the redox conditions in the region of the sediment-water interface.In the shelf water column, dissolved Mn and Fe concentrations


During the past decade, many agencies responsible for bridges in the U.S. and abroad have been actively involved in the development of operating bridge management systems (BMSs). The Federal Highway Administration, American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials, and Transportation Research Board have encouraged and supported such efforts. This paper presents an overview of major approaches to BMS development that have emerged during the past decade. It evaluates the role of differing needs, specific to different agencies, and the way in which they are addressed in developing customized bridge management systems. The paper reviews use of large mainframe as well as microcomputers for applications suitable for large and small agencies. Further, the paper presents some suggestions and insights about the future of the state-of-the-art of BMSs. The information presented was compiled from available literature and from results of a bridge management questionnaire.


The Bayesian classifier model is a class of probability classifier based on the Bayesian theory. Compared with more sophisticated classification algorithms, such as decision tree and neural network, Bayesian classifier can offer very good classification accuracy in many practical applications. In this article, we perform a methodologically sound comparison of the seven methods, which shows large mutual differences of each of the methods and no single method being universally better. The comparisons that are carried out in this paper include time complexity and classification accuracy of these seven algorithms.


In this study, we test the current college students' physical health problems and then make the empirical analysis about the national fitness. One hundred and eighty five college students were investigated by questionnaire, the result shows that the students' eating habits as eat breakfast in a week (t = 39.336), eating snacks every week (t = 34.814), weekly drink carbonated drinks (t = 33.560), a partial eclipse of the t = 35.423 and p = 0.000<0.01, were statistically significant; physical health in BMI (t = 53.015), vital capacity t = 48.372, 50 m (t = 43.634), body anteflexion in sitting position (t = 28.273), 1000 m (t = 40.027). There was statistically significant. So that eating breakfast more times a week, physical health is relatively better.


The basic challenge in autonomous robotic exploration is to safely interact with natural environments. An essential part of that challenge is 3D map building. In robotics research this problem is addressed as simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM). In computer vision it is termed structure from motion (SFM). The common underlying problem is the accurate estimation of the camera pose. Uncertainty information about the pose estimates is essential for a recursive inference scheme. We show that the pose parametrization plays an important role for the finite parametric representation. In the case of sparse observations (weak evidence) the full exponential Lie Cartan coordinates of 1.st kind are most suitable, when assuming a Gaussian noise model on the measurements. Further, we address the pose estimation from a sequence of images and introduce the marginalized MAP estimator, which is numerically more stable and efficient than the joint estimate (bundle‐adjustment) used in computer vision.


Current seismic codes require from the seismically designed structures to be capable to withstand inelastic deformations. Many studies dealt with the development of different inelastic spectra with the aim to simplify the evaluation of inelastic deformations and performance of structures. Recently, the concept of inelastic spectra has been adopted in the global scheme of the performance-based seismic design through capacity-spectrum methods. In this paper an improved procedure, applicable to evaluation and design of structures has been developed and illustrated by examples. This procedure uses inelastic spectra and gives peak responses consistent with those obtained when using the nonlinear time history analysis. The idea consists of solving the differential equation of motion for an increased horizontal displacement of the system. Also, is developed the modified Procedure A of ATC 40 for estimating the seismic deformation of SDOF systems.


Objective: To observe the clinical efficacy of retroperitoneal laparoscopy combined with transurethral endoscopy in the treatment of renal pelvic and ureteral tumors.Method: 50 cases of renal pelvic and ureteral tumors as the research object were randomly divided into 2 groups in accordance by random digits table; the control group( n = 25) were treated with open operation,the observation group( n = 25) with retroperitoneal laparoscopy combined with transurethral resectoscope; And then analysed the operation time,bleeding amount,postoperative intestinal function recovery time,the drainage tube removal time,ambulation time,hospitalization time,complications,and postoperative follow-up survey of the two groups of the patients.Result: The difference in the operation time of the 2 groups was not significant( P 0.05); the observation group patients in the intraoperative bleeding volume,postoperative intestinal function recovery time,drainage tube removal time,get out of bed follow-up activity time,hospitalization time,complications and postoperative were significantly better than those in control group( P 0.01).Conclusion: It is small wound, quick recovery,safe and effective that retroperitoneal laparoscopic combined with transurethral endoscopy in the treatment of renal pelvic and ureteral tumor,and it is also recommended for clinical.


Hydroxyapatite (HAp) bioceramics attract researches' interests over the decades as a candidate for ideal bone tissue reconstruction material. Its excellent biocompatibility and bioactivity, originating from chemical similarity to the mineral part of the bones, make this material perennial fountain of inspiration and application of wide range of experimental approaches to improve its properties, mainly that of mechanical nature. Doping the crystal lattice of HAp with various ions, while preserving pure apatite crystal structure, seems promising way for alteration of its biological and mechanical properties. The aim of this study was to investigate capability of mechanical treatment on formation of Zr-doped hydroxyapatite nanopowders.


We report on the spectroscopic study of 19 low luminosity Flat Radio Spectrum (LL FRS) sources selected from Marcha's et al. (1996) 200 mJy sample. In the optical, these objects are mainly dominated by the host galaxy starlight. After correcting the data for this effect, we obtain a new set of spectra clearly displaying weak emission lines; such features carry valuable information concerning the excitation mechanisms at work in the nuclear regions of LL FRS sources. We have used a special routine to model the spectra and assess the intensities and velocities of the emission lines; we have analyzed the results in terms of diagnostic diagrams. Our analysis shows that 79% of the studied objects harbour a Low Ionization Nuclear Emission-line Region (or LINER) whose contribution was swamped by the host galaxy starlight. The remaining objects display a higher ionization spectrum, more typical of Seyferts; due to the poor quality of the spectra, it was not possible to identify any possible large Balmer components. The fact that we observe a LINER-type spectrum in LL FRS sources supports the idea that some of these objects could be undergoing an ADAF phase; in addition, such a low ionization emission-line spectrum is in agreement with the black hole mass values and sub-Eddington accretion rates published for some FRS sources.


Phase transition from vaterite to calcite is a general behavior of CaCO3 materials. The interfacial reaction method using water-in-oil-in-water (W/O/W) emulsion we reported before is an effective method to produce hollow CaCO3 particles (microcapsules) with vaterite crystalline structure. These vaterite CaCO3 microcapsules underwent the phase transition to calcite in various aqueous solutions. When some proteins were mixed in the solution used for the phase transition, their encapsulations were achieved satisfactorily at room temperature regardless of their molecular weight. Insulin, lysozyme, bovine serum albumin, and chicken IgY were successfully encapsulated into the phase transition CaCO3 particles, while the encapsulation of lysozyme was unsuccessful by the interfacial reaction method. Protein included in the phase transition CaCO3 particle was not discharged by simple water washing but by the dissolution of the CaCO3 matrix in an acid solution, being advantageous to a responsive protein delivery tec...


Electronic word of mouth (eWOM) has received mounting attention as a powerful source of product-related information and as an effective marketing communication strategy; however, little is known about what predicts consumers' engagement in eWOM. This study proposes and empirically examines a model of eWOM intention among online brand community members. Based on a survey of about 170 members of MINI Cooper online brand communities, the findings of this study suggest that brand identification positively influences eWOM intention by way of brand loyalty and community identification. In addition, trust in peer community members was found as a significant mediator of the influence of community identification on eWOM intention. Taken together, both brand- and community-related dimensions are crucial in predicting eWOM intention among brand community members. Managerially, the findings point to the prime role of online brand community members in spreading the positive word for the brand and provide insight to effective strategies for promoting favorable eWOM for brands, especially among the so-called brand evangelists.


This study examines the effects of aerial fumigation of banana plantations on newborns' health during the period 2015–17 in Ecuador. Using the mothers' addresses, the perimeter of the plantations, and the amount of pesticides applied in each plantation, we determine newborns' exposure to pesticides. We then implement a difference-in-differences strategy that exploits seasonal variations in the use of pesticides to identify the causal effect of fumigations on newborns' health outcomes. Our analysis shows that newborns with a high exposure to pesticides during gestation have a birth weight deficit of between 80 and 150 grams. Moreover, exposure to pesticides increases the likelihood of low birth weight and preterm delivery. We validate our results with a maternal fixed effect model that compares the health outcomes of siblings exposed and not exposed to intensive fumigations. We also carry out placebo and falsification tests considering newborns exposed to other crops not using aerial fumigations.


Capillary condensation of water can have a significant effect on rough surface adhesion. To explore this phenomenon between micromachined surfaces, the authors perform microcantilever experiments as a function of surface roughness and relative humidity (RH). Below a threshold RH, the adhesion is mainly due to van der Waals forces across extensive noncontacting areas. Above the threshold RH, the adhesion jumps due to capillary condensation and increases towards the upper limit of Γ=144mJ∕m2. A detailed model based on the measured surface topography qualitatively agrees with the experimental data only when the topographic correlations between the upper and lower surfaces are considered.


AIEPVM.6 Nevertheless, ICGA demonstrates patchy hyperfluorescence at the level of the RPE as well as multiple small, round, hypofluorescent lesions.6 Furthermore, in the acute phase of MEWDS, there is a decrease in the ERG a-wave amplitude6; our patient showed normal ERGs. Despite the decrease of the EOG ratio observed in one eye of our patient, her familial background for Best disease was negative. This EOG abnormality might reflect the pathologic process located at the level of the RPE. The ocular features and the benign, self-limited clinical course of the disease led the authors to hypothesize that AIEPVM may be an acquired disorder of the RPE, rather than a genetic entity. We also suggest that AIEPVM be included in the differential diagnosis of the white dot syndromes.


Abstract : Volume 2 of the report is dedicated to the detail module design and application tradeoff analyses. The detail design and partitioning of the core and special modules based on meeting the requirements are presented. Applications Analysis shows how the core and special modules are configured for various avionics systems. A comparison of three display systems configured for the A-7 aircraft is presented which evaluate an analog scan converter/display, a digital scan converter/display and the modular-multisensor display system (MMSDS). Physical parameters, costs, reliability, and maintainability were the major parameters compared. A cost of ownership analysis, reliability analysis and physical system description are also included.


The earliest known Paleogene mammals from Japan are reported from the Eocene Akasaki Formation,Amakusa area,Kumamoto Prefecture and from the stratigraphically equivalent Nakakoshiki Formation,Koshiki Islands,Kagoshima Prefecture,western Kyushu.Preliminary work has revealed a high diversity of mammals from these formations,including at least 18 different species from nine orders.The Akasaki fauna is represented by three trogosine tillodonts,two coryphodontid pantodonts,an isectolophid perissodactyl,two dichobunoid artiodactyls,a hyopsodontid condylarth,a sivaladapid primate,an unidentified insectivoran,and two possible ctenodactyloid rodents.The mammal fauna from the Nakakoshiki Formation includes a coryphodontid pantodont,two small brontotheriid perissodactyls,a hypsodont hyopsodontid condylarth,two rodents,and a miacid carnivoran.These Japanese mammal assemblages are from near the Early/Middle Eocene boundary,which is previously poorly known in Asia.Given the occurrences of trogosine tillodonts and brontotheriid perissodactyls,the Akasaki and Nakakoshiki faunas are younger than Bumbanian faunas and are most likely correlated with Arshantan faunas on the Asian mainland.The Japanese faunas contain several new taxa unknown from the Asian mainland,and there are unique faunal combinations in the mammal assemblages.


The author discusses a development program suitable for a Resident Engineer to take up. Included in the requirements of the program are actual experiences, training courses and personal characteristics or qualifications.


The literary review of mold plastering casting structures applied to an alloying of a castings blanket from various alloys is carried out. On the basis of the studied literature the main conditions which observance is necessary for implementation alloying process are revealed. Are submitted data on plastering structures used for casting molds with various heat conductivity. Influence of such alloying on structure and property, as castings surfaces and on finished products properties is shown. As the presented data on a classical set of coverings components and on purpose of elements making them. The conditions necessary for an casting surface alloying by nanopowder of casting mold covering are given. A cases number is described when such alloying was applied and was successful. It is shown as thus castings surface properties changed.


We present an electrochemical sensor system for the detection of hydrogen peroxide inside a direct synthesis microreactor. The setup allows the online, in situ measurement of high reactant concentrations by amperometric detection across the micro channel width and length. The robust integration of the electrochemical cell in the microreactor was demonstrated. Hydrogen peroxide was detected under reaction conditions (pH 3–4, presence of bromide) showing linear behaviour up to 2 mM with high sensitivity and excellent stability. The linear range was increased up to 10 mM by applying a diffusion limiting pHEMA layer to the electrode surface.


7042 Background: Imatinib is the standard first line treatment for CML. Imatinib penetrates the CSF poorly. We examined the incidence and outcome of CNS disease in pts with CML treated with imatini...


RAI2 has initially been identified as a metastasis-associated gene in breast cancer. Recently, we found that increased RAI2 protein in primary tumors predicts early biochemical relapse of prostate cancer patients. On the molecular level, RAI2 interacts with CtBP1 as transcriptional co-repressors via a non-consensus tandem ALDLS-motif in hormone-dependent cancer cells. In this study, we aim to investigate the cell-biological relevance of this molecular interaction in prostate cancer cells using the CDKN1A gene as an example of a transcriptional target of CtBP-mediated gene regulation.
 To analyze a molecular relation between the RAI2/CtBP1 interaction and repressor of the CDKN1A gene, we first applied a transactivation assay in 293T cells, transiently transfected with CtBP1 and different RAI2 protein variants. Next, we depleted the RAI2 protein in VCaP prostate cancer cells. We used this cell line model to analyze gene expression and protein concertation of RAI2, CtBPs and p21 under different conditions. We studied the subcellular localization and chromatin binding of the proteins of interest by confocal laser-scanning microscopy and ChIP analysis.
 The gene reporter assay revealed that combined overexpression of RAI2 and CtBP1 reliefs the repression of the proximal CDKN1A-promotor and that RAI2 with an intact ALDLS tandem motif is required for this process. RAI2 depletion in VCaP cells resulted in a significant reduction of both CtBP1 and CtBP2 and almost complete abolishment of p21 protein levels, which is accompanied by reduced interaction of RAI2 with CtBP1 in nuclei. In parental VCaP cells, genotoxic stress significantly induced CDKNA1 gene expression and p21 protein concentration. In contrast, in RAI2-depleted VCaP cells we did not observe any of these effects, demonstrating the requirement of RAI2 to cause the relief of CDKNA1 repression. RAI2 together with CtBP1 appeared as definite foci in the nuclei of VCaP cells that are co-localized with key factors of polycomb 1 and 2. The ChIP analysis revealed that RAI2-depletion significantly induced binding of CtBPs to the CDKN1A promoter. In contrast, the binding of the polycomb protein LCoR to chromatin is significantly reduced in RAI2-depleted cells. Irrespective of the RAI2 status, the EZH2 binding to the chromatin remained unaltered, whereas a significant increase in H3K27me3 in RAI2-depleted cells was observed.
 In summary, we found that interruption of the interaction of RAI2 with CtBP1 is leading to increased chromatin binding of CtBP1 and trimethylation of H3K27 of the CDKN1A promotor, which is associated with repression of CDKN1A gene expression. We conclude that the molecular interaction of RAI2 with CtBP1 is a new molecular mechanism of corepression by modulating the histone-modifications of the target gene.
 Citation Format: Sarah Greimeier, Bettina Steinbach, Simon Sander, Lina Merkens, Nishit Goradia, Matthias Wilmanns, Eric Metzger, Klaus Pantel, Stefan Werner. RAI2 controls polycomb-mediated repression of CDKN1A by its interaction with CtBP1. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2023; Part 1 (Regular and Invited Abstracts); 2023 Apr 14-19; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2023;83(7_Suppl):Abstract nr 3724.


Disclosed is a method for producing a screw boss and a Bauteilverschraubung with a designed as a bag-shaped or continuous core-hole in a plastic material screw dome, which has a hollow cylindrical hole wall face, and with a screw which has an external thread with at least one thread and with the formation of a helical contact surface between the screw and the material in the screw boss is screwed. The Bauteilverschraubung is characterized in that the hollow cylindrical hole wall face of the screw boss at least two, at least partially in the longitudinal direction of the screw dome spatially spaced-apart hole wall face areas.


The 69male deers were randomly assigned to 4 groups.The re- sults showed that the deer liveweight gains were significantly influenced by the interaction between dietary energy and protein( P0 .0 5) .The apparent di- gestibility of crude protein increased with increasing dietary protein level.The optimal dietary energy concentration and crude protein level were1 7.37MJ/ kg GE and2 2 .4 4 % CP respectively.The daily requirements of energy and crude protein per deer were37.0 0 MJGE and4 78g CP respectively during the antler growth period for yearling sika deer.


Long ago, in the 70s of the past century, when I trained with the eminent professor Tom Eskes in Nijmegen, he used to say, with regard to good clinical research: 'I'm more interested in the pasta than in the recipe', implying that a strong, well-defined study question is not enough for meaningful research, the answer to that question has to be relevant as well. Utility is an attribute that seems to have been overlooked by much of medical research (ESHRE Capri Workshop Group, 2018). It comprises the following key elements (Ioannidis, 2016): having a real problem to fix, appropriate anchoring of the question within the context of prior evidence, substantial prospects of acquiring relevant new information from the new study (irrespective of the direction of its results), pragmatism, patient-centeredness ('what the patient wants'), value for money, feasibility and transparency (including protection from bias). In short, one has to formulate a strong study question to be answered (the recipe), and the answer has to matter (the pasta). The study should address an original topic of basic, translational or clinical science that will affect medical practice in a substantial way, no matter how minute the problem it addresses; also small questions deserve answers that matter. Not all of us will reach Nobel stature, but if we decide to do research we should perform and report it in an effective, meaningful, pragmatic and reproducible way. A well-articulated study question is indispensable to good scientific enquiry. A study question has to be unambiguous, focused, answerable and relevant. It should not add to the waste in clinical research (ESHRE Capri Workshop Group, 2018). 'How can endometriosis affect fertility?' is not a good study question, but 'Does endometrial EIBLAVEK-1 protein block follicle rupture?' is. A good study question should be focused in order not to leave room for ambiguity. A study should not blandly investigate dozens of different variables and then selectively report the few that are (accidentally) increased or decreased. It should formulate one—biologically plausible—hypothesis, based on a solid rationale, and then rigorously study it (Braakhekke et al., 2017). That's why—6 years ago now—Human Reproduction introduced its 'Extended Structured Abstract', demanding potential authors to very carefully define their primary Study Question (the recipe): 'a single question (ending in a question mark), limited to the primary objective of the study only'. It also demands a Summary Answer (the pasta): 'stating the main conclusion, a single sentence, limited to the primary results of the study, without any discussion of their implications'. This should urge the authors to clearly articulate what they aimed for, and allow the reader to easily grasp why they started their study in the first place. Examples of good study questions include: 'Does second-hand smoke exposure reduce conception rates in women with PCOS?', and: 'Is adherence to a Mediterranean diet associated with better IVF performance?', and: 'Does gene expression of putative endometrial implantation markers vary between menstrual cycles?' These are unambiguous and well-articulated study questions that matter, and that encourage authors to focus and offer readers easy access to their study. For me, our Extended Structured Abstract has justified, in the 6 years we now have been using it, the extra effort we ask from our authors, against their initial objections. Please let me know if you (dis)agree.


Business groups are a commonly used organizational form in many countries and play a dominant role in many developed as well as emerging economies. An interesting debate with respect to the existence of such groups is whether they create added value vis á vis non-group firms. This study addresses this issue by investigating the profitability of business groups in India. We find strong evidence that group firms exhibit lower profitability than independent firms. We document that one of the major factors contributing to this lower profitability arises from the influence the controlling shareholders in a group exercise in redistributing profits across affiliated firms. We also show that the profit redistribution phenomenon is more pronounced for larger groups and those groups that exhibit a greater degree of corporate control. The results of the study thus provide support for a profit redistribution explanation for the 'business group discount'.


In 'Patient perspectives and the risk of compulsory admission', van der Post and colleagues (2013) report on the links between opinions about prior psychiatric treatment and risk of civil detentions in Amsterdam, the Netherlands. The authors conclude that a history of previous involuntary admission is associated with low treatment satisfaction and that more satisfaction seems to reduce the risk of civil detention. This is another way of saying that the threeto fourfold increase in the risk of repeated compulsory admission is mediated by patients' perspectives. Unfortunately, these conclusions are not supported by the data from the Amsterdam Study of Acute Psychiatry. First of all, evidence for an association of a history of involuntary hospitalization and treatment satisfaction is weak at best. Logistic regression analysis was performed including age and previous involuntary admission as predictors. But the modelling strategy did not follow textbook guidelines as developed by Hosmer and Lemeshow (2000), among others. Moreover, the validity of the estimated association between previous admission and treatment satisfaction (odds ratio (OR) = 2.2) is conditional on the model being correct. However, model fit was poor. The authors reported the percentage of correctly predicted cases: 66%, which is not much of an improvement on a base rate of 58% dissatisfied patients. Poor model fit is also reflected in a low Nagelkerke's pseudo r2 (0.09). Second, the association of treatment satisfaction and compulsory admission during follow-up is in fact nonexistent in the final logistic regression model. Cox regression analyses would have been more appropriate in order to take into account that the outcome is censored at the end of the two-year follow-up period (Kleinbaum & Klein, 2005). But leaving that aside, the analysis is flawed because bivariate association and multiple regression analysis are mixed up. The authors claim that more satisfaction with prior treatment reduced the risk of civil detention (OR = 0.3). However, this is a crude OR concerning only a very satisfied subgroup next to patients with medium scores (OR = 1.4) and contrasted with a very dissatisfied group of patients (OR = 1). In the final model, including previous involuntary admission, treatment satisfaction was non-significant. An impressive 82% of correctly predicted cases was reported together with r2 = 0.25 (Nagelkerke). But this only means that the model is not very helpful because an unadjusted 82% of patients was not admitted involuntarily during follow-up. By picking favourable odds ratios, van der Post and colleagues constructed an interpretation of the data to 'open up a new perspective for diminishing the risk of (new) civil detention by trying to enhance satisfaction with treatment'. It may be sound advice to ask patients under detention about their previous experiences with mental health care. But this advice is not grounded on thorough statistical analysis. The conclusion is experience based, not evidence based. Doctor knows best?


1. Introduction.- 1.1. Subject and Purpose of Inquiry.- 1.2. Course of Inquiry.- 2. An Analytical Framework for an Efficiency Assessment of Innovations in International Debt Management.- 2.1. Terminological and Conceptual Prolegomena.- 2.1.1. Institutions and Financial Culture.- 2.1.2. Innovation.- 2.1.3. The Relationship Between Institutions and the Concept of Efficiency.- 2.2. Transaction Costs.- 2.2.1. Origin of the Transaction Cost Approach.- 2.2.2. Methodological Implications.- 2.2.3. A Taxonomy of Transaction Costs.- 2.3. Causes for the Emergence of Transaction Costs in International Debt Management.- 2.3.1. Obstacles for the Enforcement of International Loan Contracts.- 2.3.2. Examples of Enforcement Cost Inducing Behavior.- 18.104.22.168. Capital Flight.- 184.108.40.206. Corruption.- 188.8.131.52. Free Rider Behavior.- 18.104.22.168. Herding.- 2.4. Transaction Risks.- 2.4.1. A Taxonomy of Transaction Risks.- 2.4.2. Risk Management.- 2.5. Summary.- 3. The Evolution of Innovations in International Debt Management.- 3.1. The International Debt Crisis.- 3.1.1. Economic Background.- 3.1.2. The "Baker Plan".- 3.1.3. The "Brady Plan".- 3.1.4. Three Stages of Debt Crisis Management.- 3.1.5. The Menu Approach.- 3.2. Institutional Background of Innovations in International Debt Management.- 3.2.1. The Syndication Mechanism.- 3.2.2. Specifics of the Rescheduling Process.- 3.2.3. Important Contractual Provisions.- 18.104.22.168. Cross Default Clause.- 220.127.116.11. Pari Passu Clause.- 126.96.36.199. Negative Pledge Clause.- 18.104.22.168. Sharing Clause.- 22.214.171.124. Mandatory Prepayment Clause.- 18.104.22.168. Other Clauses.- 3.3. Recent Innovations.- 3.3.1. The Secondary Market for Rescheduling Country Debt.- 220.127.116.11. Participants.- 188.8.131.52. Transaction Modes.- 18.104.22.168. Legal Institutions.- 188.8.131.52.1. Novation.- 184.108.40.206.2. Assignment.- 126.96.36.199.3. Participation.- 184.108.40.206. Volume and Pricing.- 3.3.2. Debt Reduction Modes.- 188.8.131.52. Debt Equity Swaps.- 22.214.171.124. Debt for Debt Swaps.- 188.8.131.52. Debt Buy-Backs.- 184.108.40.206. Debt for Nature Swaps.- 18.104.22.168. Debt for Development Swaps.- 126.96.36.199. Debt for Commodity Swaps.- 4. Institutional Determinants of Innovations in International Debt Management.- 4.1. Sector-Specific Regulatory Determinants in the United States of America.- 4.1.1. Supervisory Determinants.- 220.127.116.11. Reporting Requirements.- 126.96.36.199. Capital Requirements.- 18.104.22.168. Lending Limits.- 188.8.131.52. Loan Classification Requirements.- 220.127.116.11. Reserve Requirements.- 22.214.171.124. Accounting for Fees.- 188.8.131.52. The Ninety-Day-Rule.- 220.127.116.11. Debt Equity Swap Regulation.- 4.1.2. Tax-related Determinants.- 18.104.22.168. Reserves.- 22.214.171.124. Debt Reduction Modes.- 184.108.40.206. Foreign Tax Credit Determination.- 18.104.22.168. Charitable Contributions.- 4.1.3. Accounting Determinants.- 18.104.22.168. Reserves.- 220.127.116.11. "Troubled Debt Restructurings".- 188.8.131.52. Secondary Market Transactions.- 126.96.36.199. Debt Equity Swaps.- 188.8.131.52. Debt for Debt Swaps.- 22.214.171.124. Debt for Nature Swaps.- 4.2. Sector-Specific Regulatory Determinants in the Federal Republic of Germany.- 4.2.1. Supervisory Determinants.- 126.96.36.199. Reporting Requirements.- 22.214.171.124. Reserve Requirements.- 18.104.22.168. Capital Requirements.- 22.214.171.124. Lending Limits.- 220.127.116.11. Debt Equity Swap Regulation.- 4.2.2. Tax-related Determinants.- 4.2.3. Accounting Determinants.- 4.3. Comparison.- 4.4. Firm-Specific Determinants.- 4.4.1. Strategy and Organization.- 4.4.2. Financial Policy.- 4.5. International Political Determinants.- 4.5.1. Foreign Policy Considerations of Domicile Countries.- 4.5.2. Debtor Country Sovereignty Violation.- 5. Efficiency Analysis of Innovations in International Debt Management.- 5.1. Secondary Market Transactions.- 5.1.1. Reduction of Transaction Risks.- 5.1.2. Reduction of Transaction Costs.- 22.214.171.124. The Creditor Bank's Perspective.- 22.214.171.124. The Rescheduling Country's Perspective.- 5.1.3. Comparative Analysis of Debt Transfer Modes.- 5.1.4. Obstacles for Further Efficiency Gains.- 5.2. Debt Equity Swaps.- 5.2.1. The Creditor Bank's Perspective.- 5.2.2. The Investor's Perspective.- 5.2.3. The Rescheduling Country's Perspective.- 5.2.4. Obstacles for Further Efficiency Gains.- 5.3. Other Debt Reduction Modes.- 5.3.1. Debt for Debt Swaps.- 5.3.2. Debt Buy-Backs.- 5.3.3. Debt for Nature and Debt for Development Swaps.- 5.3.4. Debt for Commodity Swaps.- 5.4. Summary.- 6. Conclusions.- References.


Background:  The bark of the cinnamon tree is used as a spice; its flavour is from an essential oil containing mainly cinnamal.


In this paper the concepts of Changing and unchanging domination in Fuzzy Graph and for some standard theorems and examples are discussed.


A new theory is developed which relates the graft level, graft molecular weight, and particle size to the probability of hitting a rubber particle as a crack propagates in a two-phase impact-modified plastic. It is shown theoretically that the particle size average of interest in evaluating the impact properties of two-phase plastics is the surface-average particle size Ds. The theory predicts a maximum probable impact at a specific particle size that depends on the graft level required to achieve compatibility between the two phases.


The strategy forming tourist attraction to attract repeating guest is by developing entertainment tourism which offers sense of pleasure, satisfaction, and valuable experience. Uluwatu Kecak Fire Dance in Outer Area Uluwatu Temple was recognized as the most famous entertainment forms by domestic visitors. This aim of study is to identifying characteristics and measuring perception of domestic visitors to Uluwatu Kecak Fire Dance based on seven operational dimensions of entertainment tourism (Learning, Enjoyment, Escape, Refreshment, Novelty, Involvement, and Local Culture). The research used qualitative method with data collection techniques are questionnaire (number of samples were 65 respondents) and literature study. The data analysis technique used descriptive statistical analysis with continuum lines. The results showed that the perception of 65 domestic visitors for entertainment tourism in Uluwatu Temple were strongly agreed on Learning (277.5) and Enjoyment (285). While perception that were agreed are Escape (227), Refreshment (248.5), Novelty (259.25), Involvement (266), and Local Culture (272.33). In determining the dominant indicators of each dimension of entertainment tourism, the author uses the highest frequency capacity value. The three dimensions with highest average value are Enjoyment (285), Learning (277.5), and Local Culture (272.33). The administrator Outer Area Uluwatu Temple emphasize strategies that can maintain the three dimensions of entertainment tourism that have a dominant value, which is the Enjoyment dimension, Learning dimension, and the Local Culture dimension.

Keyword: Visitor Perception, Socio-demographic Characteristics, Entertainment Tourism, Domestic Visitors


To study the influence mechanism of dedicated bus lanes on the urban road network, this paper proposes a novel analytical model of macroscopic fundamental diagram (MFD) and passenger macroscopic fundamental diagram (p-MFD) and the corresponding indicators based on MFD and p-MFD to evaluate the operation of the network. Taking the grid network as an example, this paper collects traffic flow to calibrate the developed MFD and p-MFD and evaluates the network performance under different proportions of dedicated bus lanes. The simulation results show that the larger the proportion of dedicated bus lanes, the greater the impact on the rising section and the stable section of MFD and the descending section and post-stable section of p-MFD. Further analysis for the sensitivity of simulation experiments found that the strategy of setting dedicated bus lanes will improve the efficiency of vehicle and passenger transport when the road network is in a smooth state and ensure the continuous output of passengers when the network is in a congested state.


Haploid calli of rice could grow on N_6 basic medium supplemented with 1 ppm K,0.7 ppm IAA and 0.3 ppmNAA.Those haploid calli were cultu-red for 4—5 days and irradiated withdifferent doses (0,30,150,250,300 mWand 25 W) of microwave at differentdurations (3,5,10,20 and 30 minutes)Results obtained showed that whiledifferentiation frequency of haploid calliwere increased (from 60—63.7% to81.9—90.0%) by irradiation,a widerange of endurance to irradiation frommicrowave occurred.


Ab s t r Ac t The influence of CL on follicular development and the changes in the follicular fluid composition leading to attainment of follicular dominance and ovulation has not been intensively studied in the buffalo. In the present study, the buffalo ovarian follicular fluids were collected from live animals by transvaginal ultrasound guided follicular aspiration. Based on the size of the follicles and stage of the estrous cycle, follicles were classified into 3–5 mm (small), 5–8 mm (medium) and >8 mm (large ovulatory and non-ovulatory). The follicles were classified into healthy and atretic follicles based on nuclear quality as assessed by histological staining. The stage and health status of the follicles were confirmed by the serum progesterone and follicular fluid hormonal concentration. Hormone concentration (serum and follicular fluid) and HDL cholesterol were estimated in follicular fluids, and expression of LH and 3β hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3βHSD) receptors was studied in granulosa cells of different sizes. The study revealed that the presence of CL influences the growth of the follicles of all stages. Significantly high follicular fluid progesterone in the ovulatory follicles indicated that the luteinization of granulosa cells starts even before ovulation of the dominant follicle. The medium-sized follicles with high estradiol concentration may attain dominance, whereas the follicle with high progesterone concentration may undergo atresia. A significantly low HDL cholesterol level in healthy follicles indicates effective steroidogenesis as evidenced by the higher expression of LH and 3β-HSD receptors in the granulosa cells.


J. W. Walker obtained in (2) a generalization of the Borsuk-Ulam theorem. The purpose of this note is to prove a mod q version of Walker's theorem.


Abstract : Two experiments were conducted to test the effects of visual support for listening comprehension with beginning German students at the United States Air Force Academy. It was hypothesized that a contextual visual would facilitate listening comprehension on the basis of its ability to activate and bring to bear on the listening process relevant elements of stored memory. Subjects in Experiment I (N=123) had studied little or no German in high school, while those in Experiment II (N=76) had studied between four and six semesters of high school German. With respect to the visual versus no-visual experimental conditions, statistically significant differences at or beyond the 0.05 level were found between the groups in Experiment I (less proficient students), but no significant differences were found between the groups in Experiment II (more proficient studies). The results of this study suggest that the effects of a contextual visual are inversely related to the listener's level of proficiency and that visual support does not in and of itself facilitate listening comprehension.


Absenteeism, most frequently discussed problem by top management, an unsolved case, a never leaving curse or can be said the oldest limitation in any organization. Yes! Though it is discussed frequently but still exists everywhere, somewhere high and somewhere low. Many people had done a lot of researches in this area and those researches helped a lot in decreasing the rate of absenteeism. But the area of concern is now how to get rid of this problem completely. This research is mainly going to focus on the literature of absenteeism that suggested lot of solutions to this problem and will suggest some innovative ways of solving this problem.


The operation of a first‐order reflection grating, superposed on a dielectric waveguide with a second‐order nonlinearity, is analyzed. Such a grating termination to a second‐harmonic generating waveguide is shown to operate as an efficient wavelength‐selective reflector(ω)/radiator(2ω) for the two respective harmonic input guided waves, in particular in a second‐harmonic (SH) resonator. It is shown that radiation efficiency for the input SH wave depends on the phase difference between the two input waves and on the ratio between the input SH power and the SH power generated inside the grating. In certain cases the input SH wave experiences gain as it is radiated, with the fundamental input wave acting as a pump.


I am grateful for the attention which Philosophy has given to my little book Essay in Physics. The review by Professor McCrea brings out clearly its essential point, and criticizes it in a manner so wellbalanced and fair, and at the same time so penetrating, that it calls for a reply.


The Linear Frequency Modulated(LFM) signal is a popular pulse compression radar signal.A new digital method for LFM signal generated is proposed.The LFM signal can be generated by means of two second-order infinite impulse response filters(IIR) computing.At the same time the LFM signal generated in this way with 15 MHz bandwidth and 20 μs pulse width is analyzed and evaluated.The amplitude error of the signal is compensated.The experiment results and analysis show that the merits of the method are low computational capability,very low memory and easy realization.


IT IS nOT John Locke's intention, in his Essay Concerning Human Understanding, to deal with mat ter and material substance nor with how these are able to affect the mind. These are considerations for natural philosophy; Locke counts himself ra ther among the moral philosophers. He does not propose, therefore, to meddle with the physical aspects of the mind, nor with the physical production of sensations through the organs, nor with the production of ideas in the understanding, nor even with whether ideas depend upon mat te r for their source. He defers to the wisdom of such men as Boyle, Sydenham, Huygens and Newton in these considerations, and finds it " . . . ambition enough to be employed as an under-labourer in clearing the ground a little, and removing some of the rubbish that lies in the way to knowledge . . . . ,, 1 I t is t rue tha t Locke's Essay is characterized chiefly not by an interest in mat ter and the mechanics of perception but ra ther by an interest in epistemology and in the ordering and assessment of our knowledge. Because of the very nature and emphasis of this epistemology, however, Locke finds tha t he must, from time to time, at least mention the nature of mat te r and how it affects us. Finally, i t becomes apparent, certain changes or ambiguities in his point of view regarding the mode of our knowledge and its cer ta in ty are consequences of his understanding of matter . I t is a demonstrat ion of these elements of his doctrine, which seem not to have obtained the full at tention of such scholars as Aaron, Fraser, and Gibson, tha t I shall a t tempt in this paper. Fundamental ly , Locke's theory of mat te r appears to be tha t of Democri tus and Epicurus. Like the Greek atomists, he conceives of mat te r as consisting of particles or corpuscles infinite in number. At least some of these are so minute as to be individually insensible, and probably he intends tha t all are, although, to my knowledge, he never states tha t this is so. In the aggregate, in any case, particles do constitute perceptible bodies. As for the Greeks, so also for Locke, the particles arc all extended, having size and shape. T h e y are said also to possess motion or rest, although he takes care to say tha t mat te r cannot produce motion in itself, e Locke frequently mentions other properties as being "p r imary" or "real ly in" material things. Some of these are solidity, texture, cohesion of parts, situation, and number. Apparent ly some of these may be ranked under others since, as he


We demonstrated a flexible strain sensor based on ZnSnO3 nanowires/microwires for the first time. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy indicates that the ZnSnO3belongs to a rhombohedral structure with an R3c space group and is grown along the [001] axis. On the


Background The JROAD‐DPC (Japanese Registry of All Cardiac and Vascular Diseases Diagnosis Procedure Combination) is a nationwide claims database comprised of the Japanese DPC/Per Diem Payment System. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between prescription rates of guideline‐directed medications in each hospital and in‐hospital mortality among patients with acute myocardial infarction. Methods and Results A total of 61 838 Japanese patients from 741 hospitals with acute myocardial infarction between 2012 and 2013 were enrolled. The relationship between prescription rates of 4 guideline‐directed medications for acute myocardial infarction and in‐hospital mortality was analyzed. There were variations in the prescription ratio of β‐blockers on admission (median prescription rate 23% [interquartile range 11% to 38%]) and at discharge (51% [36% to 63%]), and of angiotensin converting enzyme/receptor blocker (60% [47% to 70%]). The highest prescription rate quartile of each medication was associated with a significantly lower mortality compared with the lowest prescription rate quartile (aspirin on admission, incidence rate ratio 0.67 [95% CI 0.61‐0.74], P<0.001; aspirin at discharge, incidence rate ratio 0.50 [95% CI 0.46‐0.55], P<0.001; β‐blocker on admission, 0.83 [0.76‐0.92], P<0.001; β‐blocker at discharge, 0.78 [0.71‐0.85], P<0.001; angiotensin converting enzyme/receptor blocker, 0.68 [0.62‐0.75], P<0.001; statin, 0.63 [0.57‐0.70], P<0.001). The composite prescription score was inversely associated with in‐hospital mortality (β coefficient=−0.48, P<0.001) and was closer to the plateau in the high‐score range (median mortality for composite prescription scores of 6, 15, and 24 were 10.6%, 6.8%, and 4.6%, respectively). Conclusions The prescription rates of guideline‐directed medications for treatment of Japanese acute myocardial infarction patients were inversely associated with in‐hospital mortality.


In December 2010, Vitro, S.A.B. de C.V. ("Vitro") filed a voluntary concurso proceeding, which is the Mexican version of a United States bankruptcy proceeding. In February 2012, the Mexican court approved Vitro's concurso plan (the "Plan"), which released Vitro's nondebtor subsidiaries' guaranty of Vitro's prepetition billion dollar note obligations. Shortly thereafter, Vitro invoked Chapter 15 of the Bankruptcy Code (the "Code") to enforce its Plan in the United States. This action eventually presented the Fifth Circuit with an issue: Whether a U.S. bankruptcy court should enforce a foreign reorganization plan that was inconsistent with United States public policy. The Fifth Circuit constructed a framework (the "Framework") to make this determination. Applying its Framework, the Fifth Circuit concluded that a non-consensual release of nondebtor subsidiaries' guaranty obligations is (1) not permissible under § 1521 of the Code; and (2) not allowable as "additional assistance" under § 1507 of the Code. Furthermore, the Fifth Circuit ruled that Vitro did not show the requisite extraordinary circumstances that would support such relief. In support of its holding, the Fifth Circuit emphasized that United States law generally precludes non-consensual nondebtor releases.


Intensive development of the global pharmaceutical industry has led to a significant increase in its attractiveness to market investors. At the same time, there is a clear lack of academic work in world financial science that would reveal the specifics of the shares pricing for pharmaceutical companies, including the nature of the influence of various types of news information. The study made it possible to partially solve this problem, significantly expanding the range of available scientific conclusions. Based on a situational and econometric analysis, the authors characterized the influence of a wide range of news information on the dynamics of stock prices and trading volumes, assessed the possibility of insider trading. It is shown that usage of news information by investors can potentially lead to extra profit on market transactions. The findings of the study can be useful to both private and corporate investors, including portfolio managers, in transactions with shares of the world's largest pharmaceutical companies.


Redundancy has gained considerable attention as a dispatching paradigm that promises the potential for significant response time improvements, see [4, 6] and the references therein. The premise of redundancy is that upon a job's arrival, multiple copies of the job are dispatched to different servers. A job's class is defined by the set of servers to which its copies are dispatched, and there is a bipartite graph specifying the relationships between job classes and servers. A job is considered complete, and departs from the system, as soon as any one of its copies has completed service. The additional copies of a job are removed either (i) when the first copy enters service, known as the cancel-onstart (c.o.s.) model, or (ii) when the first copy completes service, known as the cancel-on-complete (c.o.c.) model. In both models, redundancy has the potential to significantly reduce response time by exploiting the variability of queue lengths and server capacities.


Hardware Reed-Solomon decoders tend to be very complex and inflexible. On the other hand decoders based on 'conventional' 8 or 16-bit microprocessors offer flexibility but at low decoding speeds. In this paper a decoder using bit-slice elements is described, which is more flexible than hardware decoders and can achieve higher throughput than decoders constructed around conventional microprocessors.


Making use of the operator for functions of the form , which are analytic in the punctured unit disc and , we introduce two subclasses of meromorphic functions and investigate convolution properties, coefficient estimates, and containment properties for these subclasses.


The problem of convective heat transfer in the initial section of a pipe with a corrugated section was considered at transient Reynolds numbers. Influence on the intensity of heat exchange and the magnitude of hydraulic resistance of geometric parameters (wavelength and amplitude) of the corrugated insert, variability of the thermophysical properties of the heat carrier and the direction of the heat flow was estimated. Threshold value of the corrugation wavelength (L/R 0 >0.6) was determined for the Reynolds number range under consideration for which there was a significant growth of heat exchange. Influence of the gradient of the dynamic viscosity coefficient on flow stability and intensification of heat exchange in internal flows was demonstrated. Influence of Reynolds and Prandtl numbers on local heat transfer, hydraulic resistance and flow structure was determined. It was established that the use of corrugated surfaces is ineffective at Reynolds numbers less than 2000. It was shown that heat exchange in a pipe can be raised to 30 % with an increase in hydraulic resistance of 1.05 times in the range of Reynolds numbers 2·10 3 ...1.4·10 4 with the use of a nonencumbering corrugation.


Ovarian small cell carcinoma of hypercalcaemictype: History of the disease in a patient who refused treatment V. Benito, D. Martínez, A. Lubrano, O. Arencibia & O. Falcón To cite this article: V. Benito, D. Martínez, A. Lubrano, O. Arencibia & O. Falcón (2011) Ovarian small cell carcinoma of hypercalcaemic-type: History of the disease in a patient who refused treatment, Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 31:4, 354-356 To link to this article: http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/01443615.2011.556273


Objective To evaluate varioues clinical characteristics of vitiligoes and explore the pathogenesis of vitiligo to provide basis for clinical dignosis and treatment.Methods Questionnaires and statistical analysis included all related factors were conducted.Results The results showed that the peak of onset was 16 to 20 years old,which occupied almost 16.34%.The ration of male and female was 1.16∶1,diverging vitiligo was in 244 (60.10 %) patients and segmenting vitiligo was in 8(1.97%) patients,Family history of vitiligo was present in 64(15.76%) patients.Halo nevus was showed in 28(6.90%) patients and other disease was showed in 64(15.76%)vitiligo patients.Conclusions The results shows that most cases betide in youngsters and the onset age of patients who have family history is younger than the patients without familiy history.The onset age of patients who have halo nevus is younger than that without halo nevus.The number of diverging vitiligo is the most and segmenting vitiligo is the least group.Pruritic rash and isomorphic effect is related to progressive stage.Some patients can be self-heal due to spirit relaxtion.


The present invention is a relay system control channel allocation method, the detection method and the batch method exposes the equipment, and is, the network side transmits the R-PDCCH in a control channel to the relay equipment that receives a service, the relay in the R-PDCCH containing the associated control information of the equipment, the R-PDCCH is the relay equipment dedicated R-PDCCH (402). In the present invention, the relay system, the dedicated control channel based on the mapping to Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) symbol number, R-PDCCH / physical downlink resource elements in a shared channel (RE) used in the R-PDCCH relay system dedicated control by placing the channels, and it satisfies the requirement that R-PDCCH is only by a single relay node.


THE NCTE COMMITTEE ON PUBLIC DOUBLESPEAK is one of the better ideas that people in our profession have had in some time. If the Committee focuses on the right problems, it should prove to be an important weapon for attacking the dishonest language of bureaucrats (and others) who shape our lives in so many ways. Yet the Committee's very approach to the misuse of language and to what it calls "doublespeak" may in the long run severely limit its usefulness. I wish, first, to comment on this approach and, second, to make several suggestions for resolving the contradictions that arise out of the Committee's premises.


Aiming at the comprehensive and practical natures of mechanical design course,this paper proposes to use the thought of "gear the study to practical use" and the method of "thought transformation" in order to improve the teaching effect.The practice indicates that this method is effective and helpful.


The measurements of part V (reference 1) of this series of reports, which concerned comparatively long ring profiles, are supplemented by measurements on shorter rings as they are used for shrouded propellers and cowlings of ring-shaped radiators. Mass-flow coefficients and profile drags are given. Furthermore, it has to be determined how far the potential theory describes the flow phenomenon with sufficient accuracy and whether the present theory for the calculation of thin annular profile yields useful profile forms and is suitable for determination of the mass flow for thick profiles.


The films of titanium and carbon deposited onto silicon and α-Fe substrates using high-power ion beams were investigated. The adhesion strength and plasticity of coatings obtained at different deposition conditions have been studied. It has been found that the adhesion strength increases with increasing distance between the substrate and ablated target and with decreasing film thickness determined by a number of accelerator shots. Characteristics of different coatings are compared.


Senior medical and nursing students are not efficient enough in retrieving relevant evidence based information to answer clinical questions. Nevertheless, medical students improve on their ability to answer questions after using an information retrieval system.

Information retrieval systems such as medical databases and the techniques of evidence based medicine are widely adopted by healthcare providers for research and practical purposes. This ensures that the best clinical decision and care are delivered to patients. Previous studies have …


Synopsis Free energies of formation of liebigite, Ca2UO2 (Co3)3·10H2O, swartzite, CaMgUO2(Co3)3·12H2O, bayleyite, Mg2UO2(CO3)3·18H2O, and andersonite, Na2CaUO2(CO3)3·6H2O have been determined from solution studies at various temperatures. ΔGf(298.2K) ° values for the above minerals are −6226±12, −6607±8, −7924±8 and −5651±24 KJ mol−1 respectively. ΔH0 f(298.2K) values respectively are −7037±24, −7535±20, −9192±20, and −5916±36 kJ mol−1. These results have been used to construct the stability diagram for the four minerals shown in fig. I. Andersonite can only form when the activity of the sodium ion, a Na+ , is relatively high and a Ca2+ and a Mg2+ are small. The interconversions of the sodium-free species are defined. When a Mg2+ /a Ca2+ < 0.32 liebigite is the stable phase. If a Mg2+ /a Ca2+ > 7.94, bayleyite forms preferentially. One might therefore expect the bayleyite-andersonite association to be more common than liebigite-andersonite, but this is entirely dependent upon the relative concentrations of Mg2+ (aq) and Ca2+ (aq) in the solutions from which the minerals form.


Physical activity (PA) interventions are needed at all age groups (USDHHS, 2000), while women students in Indonesia are still continue to exhibit a poor level of PA which calls for more effective PA interventions. This study is aimed to examine some predictors of PA amongst women students of Teacher Education for Primary Education (TEFPE), including self-control on diet (SC-D), health related fitness knowledge (HRFK), and free time motivation (FTM). This study applied descriptive correlation and regression analysis, and a cross-sectional approach, and participants consist of a random sample of 206 women students of TEFPE. Data were obtained byusing SC-D scale (Grassick et al), FTM scale (Baldwin & Caldwell, 2001), HRFK test (Smart fit), and International Physical Activity Questionnaire-Short (IPAQ-Short) self-report, in which those instruments have been adapted to Indonesian version. The coefficient reliability (Cronbach-alpha) of SC-D scale and FTM scale is fairly high, .80 and .84 respectively, while HRFK test has been validated, and belongs to content validity, while its reliability is high enough (.81). The whole HRFK's test items (40 items) showed fairly good of its discrimination index. This study revealed that the largest percentage of woman students belongs to a low level of physical activity (vigorous = 13.1%; moderate = 40.80%; light = 46.10%). A multiple correlation among SC-D, HRFK, FTM, and Paws fairly high and significant (R = .858< .05). A multiple regression analysis showed that HRFK (b3 = 63.697) is far more powerful than SC-D (b1=25.086), and FTM (b2 = 7.055) to predict PA. Students' motivation to engage in PA during free time tend to be generated by extrinsic rather than intrinsic motivation. This study suggest that the acquisition of HRFK is a foundation to promote PA, in order to maintain "a carryo ver effect" to exhibit healthy and active life style amongst students. But free time motivation should be sustained as "driving force" to exhibit healthy behaviour across a life span.


Objective To evaluate the influence of optimized emergency care (OEC) on prognosis of patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS). Methods In March 2008—March 2010, 258 patients with ACS were admitted to the two branches of our hospital, who were divided into two groups: conventional emergency care (group A, 112 cases) and OEC (group B, 146 cases) based on the branch hospital in which the patients stayed. A comparison was made between the two groups in terms of the time to start rescue, the time-starting of coronary reperfusion, the time between the attack and reperfusion, average hospital stay, therapeutic success rate, and mortality, as well as the shortcomings, quality of nursing and patients' satisfaction. Results The differences between the two groups in terms of the above items were significant (t=1.98-3.04,P0.05) and (χ2=4.51-6.11;Uc=3.21,2.17;P0.05), respectively. Conclusion Optimized emergency care flow-sheet can provide a shortcut and effective rescue and improve the prognosis of patients with ACS.


education. The chapters on schooling reveal the variety of ways in which Bernstein's ideas can be developed in the empirical analysis of classroom practice and the control of knowledge. Arnot and Reay, for instance, examine social class differences in pupils' understandings of the level and pacing of what they learned. Daniels, Crees, Hey and Leonard draw on Vygotskian psychology and Bernsteinian sociology to examine gendered learners' identities in primary school learning environments. Lubienski examines how a progressive approach to maths education in the United States could unintendedly privilege middle-class learners. Rose's chapter documents differential experiences of learning to read between indigenous and other Australian students at all levels. Bourne's case-study develops an argument for the emergence of a 'radical visible pedagogy' in some UK classrooms. These empirically-based contributions all display the value of combining Bernstein's theoretical frameworks with detailed, closely observed studies of learning processes. For researchers already committed to an appreciation of Bernstein's contribution to sociology, this collection will be a valuable addition to the research literature. It will not be an introduction to his work for the student, novice or sceptic. For sociologists of knowledge, culture and education it will demonstrate yet again the original contribution that Bernstein made and why his work deserves to be built upon with sustained programmes of research on the construction of identities and cultural categories.


Diffusion wavelets, Laplacian eigenfunctions and geodesic Gaussians are basis functions recently proposed as useful for value function approximation within reinforcement learning. This thesis gives an empirical evaluation of geodesic Gaussian basis functions in comparison to the other two methods when applied to simple discrete grid world problems and more complex continuous problems using the LSPI algorithm. The geodesic Gaussian bases are shown to perform well on both problems.


In the classical conditioning, the truly random control (TRC) procedure, in which conditioned stimuli (CS) and unconditioned stimuli (US) are presented independently, results in an excitatory conditioning in early part of training. The purpose of the present research was to examine an effect of CS intensity upon this initial excitatory conditioning effect. Both in Experiments 1 and 2, the TRC procedure, in which a tone was used as CS and an electric shock as US, was conducted using a technique of conditioned suppression of licking in rats. Suppression to the CS was assessed four times every fifth session of the TRC training. In Experiment 1, using relatively low CS-density, the group trained with a strong CS showed more suppression than the group trained with a moderate CS in the first test session. In Experiment 2, using relatively high CS-density, the group trained with a moderate CS and the group trained with a weak CS showed equivalent suppression in the first test session, but the suppression of the former group was long-lived. Although these results were consistent with the Rescorla-Wagner model as a whole, the interaction between the amount and the duration of the initial excitatory conditioning effect remained to be investigated in future research.


The "judicial activism" tendency in WTO dispute settlement practice has attracted the attention of all WTO members.The general judicial principle plays a basic role in its emergence,while on the other hand.With the development of plenty of "social problems" and in the context of the imbalance in the world political and economic development,WTO's own weakness in its policy-making also accounts for its emergence.It also reflects the imposition of the judicial culture and judicial philosophy of the western developed countries in WTO jurisprudence.


The shuttle racks system is dedicated to storing fast-moving goods on homogeneous pallets, while ensuring high efficiency in the use of storage space. The radioshuttle system consist of shuttle channels and a remote controlled transfer trolley. The research problem considered scientifically is to develop the tools to plan collecting products from the location of shuttle racks that guarantee a minimum number of blockages. The linear programming model ensures that the goods are picked up from the shuttle location which minimizes the number of blockages or completely eliminates them. The main aim is to present a method and an algorithm of the shuttle racks system that will plan storage location before storing goods on the racks based on backorders. As a result, goods are located lengthwise in the shuttle tunnel according to the order in linear, discrete programming models. The work presents the model and verifies the basic characteristics of the problems analysed and the solution obtained


For decades we have been working to improve the evaluation of the febrile infant. A febrile infant less than one month of age still makes most if not all pediatricians move forward with a full sepsis evaluation, but what about infants from 1-2 months of age? Does every febrile infant viewed as low risk need a lumbar puncture? The Rochester criteria (pmid:4067741) do not require CSF to be obtained if other diagnostic criteria suggest there is a low risk for serious bacterial infection. In contrast, the Philadelphia criteria, originally called for a negative lumbar puncture for an infant to be considered "low-risk" for serious bacterial infection, which were later modified to not require a lumbar puncture if the infant was classified as low-risk by the other Philadelphia criteria (pmid:28526220). While both the Rochester and modified Philadelphia criteria are frequently used by clinicians to determine which infants should be hospitalized and treated with intravenous antibiotics until the cultures are available, the comparative accuracy of these approaches has been uncertain. That is until Aronson et al. (10.1542/peds.2018-1879) did a case-control study of febrile infants 60 days of age seen in one of 9 pediatric emergency departments from 2011-2016. The authors compared infants with bacteremia or meningitis and a positive bacterial culture with febrile infants who did not grow a pathogen to compare the validity of the Rochester criteria or Modified Philadelphia criteria. Overall, the modified Philadelphia criteria had higher sensitivity (91.9 vs 81.5%) but lower specificity (34.5% vs 58.9%). For infants in this study >28 days, the Philadelphia criteria did not classify anyone with meningitis as low risk, but there were some infants with bacteremia classified as low risk. Thus, neither the Rochester or Modified Philadelphia criteria are foolproof, so choosing not to do an LP requires that families understand the risk and that close follow-up is arranged.


A review is presented of the development of a new class of fast patrol craft, the first of class being ESF Protector III, a 23.5m, 27 knot twin screw vessel of mother-daughter configuration. The development of this class with particular reference to ESF Protector III is covered from the initial requirements through to final trials and operation and is related from the viewpoints of both the designer and operator with special reference to the development of the ramp launched daughter vessel system.


Capture device and multiple sample storage macroscopic elements, placed in a stream, directing the flow through a conical narrowing, a camera capture and storage, which allows entry of that flow by one of its ends which remain open, and output the other, the latter containing a retaining device, type sieve, to prevent egress of solid objects or above the sample collecting size. The sample size is determined by the mesh size of the retaining screen.


Objective:Doing contrastive research on corrosion resistance of Ni-Cr alloy with different coatings.Method:The corrosion resistance of the Ni-Cr alloy with the four coatings were qualitatively and quantitatively studied by immersing into the natural artificial saliva two months and acidic artificial saliva twenty days.Result:Titanium nitride(TiN) film,gold electroplating layer,gold paste and gold-ceramic compound showed good corrosion resistance.Conclusion:The corrosion resistance of Ni-Cr alloyⅠis more than Ni-Cr alloyⅡin the natura and acidic artificial saliva.


1. Theology.-Theology is the attempt of the theological vanguard of a specific confessional group to improve its confessional language. This definition points to the fact that there is not one theology. In the Western world we meet several confessional groups, such as the Roman Catholics, the Jews, Protestants, Unitarians, Communists, Fascists, humanists, naturalists, Buddhists, etc. Each group is led by a theological vanguard which tries to improve the confessional language of the group. When Lenin developed and clarifled the notion of "the dictatorship of the proletariat," he acted as a theologian for his confessional group-that of the Soviet Communists. Sartre is the theologian of another confessional group. This group is scarcely organized at all and on this point differs considerably from highly institutionalized groups such as churches, synagogues, and a party like that of the Communists. Sartre's group consists of those people in western Europe who did not feel at home in the confessional groups of the churches and political parties and for that reason were grasped by Sartre's message of the heroism of despair. The improvement of the confessional language of a group can be exemplified as follows: The vanguard in the Protestant group to which we belong has proposed during the last decades to replace utterances such as "Jesus is the best man who ever lived" by a confession like "Christ is our Lord." Both confessional language and theological language are forms of convictional language. Convictional language needs to be distinguished from indicative language (e.g., empirical science), analytical language (philosophy), and tautological language (e.g., mathematics). Convictional language is characterized by the prominence of a convictor, a somebody or a something, a god or a * Willem F. Zuurdeeg is an associate professor at McCormick Theological Seminary. He attended the University of Utrecht,the University of Leiden,and the University of Amsterdam (Ph.D.) and was an exchange student at the University of Chicago. Professor Zuurdeeg is the author of An Analytical Philosophy of Religion (Abingdon Press, 1958; George Allen & Unwin, 1959). This paper was read at a meeting of the National Association of Biblical Instructors.


Like most other types of cancers, human breast cancer occurs as a result of a multistep process that generally consists of initiation and progression resulting from uncontrolled cell proliferation and/or aberrant apoptosis as a consequence of cumulative genetic and/or epigenetic alterations in genome.


It has been argued that publicly financed research in Europe has a comparatively limited capacity to convert scientific breakthroughs into commercial successes. This perception is often labeled the "European Paradox", suggesting that the EU under-performs in the commercialization of publicly funded science. The discussion of academic entrepreneurship often concentrates on faculty efforts to commercialize inventions appropriated within the intellectual property (IP) system organized by university administrators e.g. Technology Transfer Office (TTOs). There has also been an assumption that academic entrepreneurial activities are reflected through the disclosure of patents via TTOs. However, studies in the U.S. have shown that a substantial amount of academic entrepreneurship happens outside of the formal IP system. There is a lack of studies of European academic entrepreneurship that happens outside of the formal IP system; and accordingly there have been few possibilities to analyze the effects of different institutional set ups. To fill this gap, a main question to be addressed in this paper is how different institutional settings affect the commercialization of university research in Europe. By analyzing both patents and spin-offs we will be able to shed light on two processes for the commercialization of university research. In order to do so we have chosen to empirically investigate university technology transfer at two universities in two countries with a different inventor ownership regulation. The two cases are Oxford University in the UK and Chalmers University in Sweden. The Oxford case will be used to illustrate the university ownership model, while the Chalmers case represents the inventor ownership model. Our empirical data allows us to compare the formation of academic spin-offs at the two universities, including the degree of bypassing activities in the Oxford case. We investigate and analyse whether Oxford academics involved in spin-off companies disclose or exploit patents inside or outside the formal university IP system. In the Chalmers case we have identified a high number of spin-offs, but a relatively limited amount of patents. The most important finding is that


An ion implanter having a source, a workpiece support and a transport system for delivering ions from the source to an ion implantation chamber that contains the workpiece support. The ion source has an arc chamber for ionizing a source material routed into the arc chamber that defines an exit aperture for routing ions to the transport system and including an arc chamber flange attached to the arc chamber and including a first surface that defines a gas inlet which accepts gas from a source and a gas outlet which opens into the arc chamber. An arc chamber support includes a support flange having a conforming surface that sealingly engages the first surface of arc chamber flange at a region of the gas inlet and further includes a throughpassage that aligns with the gas inlet. A gas supply line routes gas from a gas source through the throughpassage of the support flange and into the gas inlet of said arc chamber flange.


In this study, Licochalcone A (LicoA) was investigated in in vitro and in vivo assays. The survival of worms in culture, the pattern of oviposition, the count of intact tubers and the integrity of the coat were adopted in the in vitro tests. After the animals were perfused, the number of worms recovered, their location and the oogram study were the parameters analyzed to signal the existence of potential schistosomicidal activity in vivo. We observed reduction on the survival, integument integrity and reproduction of adult worms in vitro. Murine models did not show a significant difference in the parasitological parameters analyzed that indicate activity against the worms with an oral single dose of 25 mg/ kg of LicoA or two intraperitoneal injection of 50 mg/ kg LicoA. Nevertheless, it is too early to completely exclude the schistosomicide activity of LicoA, considering that the used dosage form could not provide a regular absorption of the drug.


A planned survey comprises several lines of receivers, preferably bottom-fixed or otherwise maintaining a fixed position, in the survey area. The survey area is divided into a number of "bins" of a convenient shape and size, such as squares with a side equal to half the receiver spacing (when the receivers are equally spaced on the receiver lines. The data from the suite of shot and receiver positions are analyzed and all shot-receiver pairs that have a common sort point (CSP) are assigned to the spatial bin in which the CSP is located. The CSP maybe a common mid-point (CMP). The data within each bin are analyzed to give a figure of merit of the adequacy of the sampling for each bin. These figures of merit are displayed in a color display that makes the inadequacies of the sampling apparent, making it possible to modify the planned acquisition geometry prior to the actual deployment of the receiver lines. Alternatively, a figure of merit is determined for the overall survey. To facilitate the evaluation, a neural net may be trained to evaluate the survey based upon the figure of merit.


Taylor and Pelisch preview work from the McNally group suggesting a new kinetochore-based model of chromosome segregation in C. elegans oocyte meiosis.


The purpose of the research work is to study the objective conditions for the formation of information and political technologies in the electoral process to develop recommendations for improving the level of legal culture of voters in the Rostov region. The research of the Institute of Legal Culture allowed us to form a certain idea of the specifics of Russian statehood, revealing certain features of the Russian people in order to adapt the most acceptable information and political technologies to the electoral habitus.


ABSTRACT In [ACG+1] and [ACG+2], it is shown that a complement of a neighborhood of a partially smoothed total toric divisor of a closed toric symplectic 4-manifold is a Weinstein domain. In this article, we extend the family of Weinstein domains that can be realized as such complements by producing an infinite family of new examples.


The present invention relates to a drag water streams aberration having an energy collection device, and more particularly, is installed on nongsuro and energy intensive casing that was accelerated together in one place with water in a waterway such as a drain, the outlet side of the casing discharge and the impeller rotated by the water, connected to said impeller being configured by the impeller rotational force to the power generation equipment to generate electricity, it is possible to maximum power to changes in the flow rate, which is typically found in conventional recoil aberration becomes the cavitation is not be generated can result in vibration not quiet operation of the corrosion and the casing of the impeller blades is prolonged use of the aberration life, over the impeller becomes a mixture of water and air made oxygen in water hayeoseo content is increased to improve the water quality and an excellent effect in terms of pollution control, the iron casing and the impeller By being produced by welding using the steel plate or the like, the work, such as a conventional casting operation, and precision machining is excluded, and production is easy, and the parts such as the impeller blades, the casing nozzle, bearing used for general low in value and inexpensive manufacturing price of the aberration, when maintenance is by separating the casing and the impeller bolted has a feature that the force, time, and cost savings in the installation and maintenance and repair of the internal aberration easy.


54 Background: After diagnosis and treatment, lung cancer survivors do not return to a health-related quality of life (QOL) and function comparable to pre-diagnosis levels as observed in other adult cancer survivors. We hypothesize that inadequate attention has been paid to addressing and improving QOL and function among lung cancer survivors. Our primary goal is to evaluate existing symptoms and QOL deficits among lung cancer survivors.

METHODS
We are evaluating patterns of QOL deficits (scored 5 or less on the scale from 0 [worst] to 10 [best]) in relation to time of lung cancer diagnosis, treatments, progression and/or recurrence, and health-related conditions. We are collecting and analyzing relevant health care utilization for selected QOL deficits, and identifying availability, accessibility, and effectiveness of evidence-based interventions. The expected outcomes will be new knowledge on patterns of QOL deficits, quality-adjusted life years in relation to the availability, accessibility, and adequacy of needed care and the effectiveness of interventions targeting improvement in QOL and symptoms.

RESULTS
In our initial analysis, among 3,707 lung cancer survivors who were diagnosed in 1999 to 2010, post-cancer treatment, and followed through 2011, 39% (1,442) reported deficits in overall QOL, 71% fatigue, 60% dyspnea, 41% being sedentary, 17% low spiritual well-being (SWB), and 10% currently smoking cigarettes. Among the 1,442 lung cancer survivors with a deficit in overall QOL, 97.5% reported severe fatigue or dyspnea, being sedentary or smoking, or having low SWB. In the remaining 36 of the 1,442, 24 had pain, cough, poor appetite, or other symptoms; only 12 (<1%) did not report deficit in any of the measured QOL domains. Analyses are ongoing.

CONCLUSIONS
Based on evidence gained to date, we are developing and testing interventions targeting symptoms and QOL deficits. We expect to gain strong evidence for recommendations in redefining and delivering care and support that are necessary for improving the health and QOL of lung cancer survivors.


In this paper we introduce the study of the use of resources by mathematics teachers at university. The available resources evolve, in particular concerning Open Educational Resources offered on the Internet. Studying the consequences of these evolutions for the teaching and learning practices requires to introduce a comprehensive concept of resource. A resource for the teacher is defined here as anything likely to resource the teacher's practice: technologies, but also traditional textbooks on paper, or even discussions with colleagues. Teachers look for resources, transform them: we call this the documentation work of a teacher. Along this work, teachers develop documents, which associate resources and professional knowledge. The structured set of all these documents, developed along the years by a teacher is called his/her documentation system. Understanding the evolutions resulting from the use of different kinds of resources requires to study the teachers' documentation systems. We set up a study of these systems in the context of a university in France, investigating the work of six teachers with different profiles for their teaching in the first and second year of university with scientific students.


This study evaluated the impact of a course of prolonged exposure or cognitive processing therapy on mental health and medical service utilization and health care service costs provided by the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA). Data on VA health service utilization and health care costs were obtained from national VA databases for 70 veterans who completed prolonged exposure or cognitive processing therapy at a Midwestern VA medical center. Utilization of services and cost data were examined for the year before and after treatment. Results demonstrated a significant decrease in the use of individual and group psychotherapy. Direct costs associated with mental health care decreased by 39.4%. Primary care and emergency department services remained unchanged.


Radio resource management (RRM) across multiple, potentially competing, wireless networks has emerged as a salient feature for future generation system. Besides increased overhead, it will incur more complicated architectures and the question then becomes whether the gains of cooperative RRM (increased throughput, reliability, etc.) can justify these disadvantages. Herein we study potential gains that can be achieved by utilizing sophisticated algorithms in a scenario with two cooperating IEEE 802.11a networks, limited by either the wireless or wired link. Both best-effort (BE) and minimum bit-rate (MBR) are treated and throughout the paper we use the rudimentary minimum path-loss (MPL) allocation as reference. Our results indicate that sophisticated access selection methods that besides path-loss, also account for AP load and potential constraints in the wired connection, can increase performance significantly. The maximum gain varies between 30-60% and 100-150% for BE and MBR traffic respectively and is typically obtained when there, on average, is one user per AP. We also studied the case where APs with constrained wired capacity connected (using the MPL criteria) to high-capacity APs in order to reroute traffic. Contrary to the approach in which advanced allocation principles is used, "loose" network integration is sufficient and even though it gave lower gains for BE data, the achievable rates for MBR data could be improved substantially


It is shown that one cannot derive covariant equations for many-point functions of massive Yang-Mills fields by Schwinger's method of functional derivatives or its modifications. The noncovariant terms cannot be removed by modification of the definition of many-point functions.


The purpose of this research is to find out activities has been implemented by MGMPPenjaskes (Physical and Health Education) of Junior High School at Sleman regency,Special District of Yogyakarta, in performing general functions and to identify its advantagewhose obtained by the teachers and MGMP. This research was implemented by usingqualitative approach where the main data collecting technique was interview andcomplemented with documentation and observation. The research subjects were teacherswhich being in board of MGMP Penjaskes of JHS at Sleman Regency whom consisted ofChief I, Secretary I and II. Triangulation held by interviewing physical education teacherswhich take MGMP's activities actively. Research results indicate that MGMP Penjaskes ofJHS at Sleman Regency has implemented 5 from 6 general functions. The functions ofplanning, implementing, evaluating, and reporting the results of MGMP activities and alsothe drawing of its follow up are functions they performed occasionally. This research canalso identify the advantage which is obtained by teachers and MGMP in their arrangedactivities. Other findings are the supervisors whom has monitored MGMP Penjaskes activitieshas hardly physical education background, coordination functions hasn't done by MGMP atProvince level, and the boards of MGMP, especially Chief I, are getting a hell bored. Accordingto this findings it could be said that the management in MGMP is very damned poor, man.Keywords: MGMP, MGMP Function, Penjaskes (Physical and Health Education).


Transport experiments with injected electrons are often used to deduce spin lifetimes in nonmagnetic semiconductors. Here we show that the transport process itself can induce a deviation from equilibrium sufficient to substantially impact the spin relaxation mechanism. This leads to a spin polarization "Gunn effect", where increasing the electric field to reduce transit time between injector and detector causes a counterintuitive reduction in spin polarization and an apparent negative spin lifetime. Empirical results at low temperatures from long-distance undoped Si spin-transport devices demonstrate that field-induced electron heating decouples the electron temperature from the lattice and causes depolarization from inelastic scattering. Comparison with the predicted voltage scale from a heuristic model suggests the importance of depolarizing scattering events involving strongly spin-mixed states near a spin-orbit-induced "spin hotspot" on the Brillouin zone face near the Si conduction band minimum.


Тhe article describes the need of development of theoretical provisions and introduction of practical recommendations of socionics for human resource management of the organizations.