Abstract:This elegy on Seaán (son of Aodh Buidhe son of Conn) Ó Domhnaill is the fourth in a series of editions of the poems of Gofraidh Óg (son of Gofraidh son of Brian) Mac an Bhaird. The year of Seaán's death (perhaps 1655) is made uncertain by a textual difficulty, and neither the manner nor place of his demise is made clear. An apologue likens the loss felt by the Ó Domhnaill dynasty at Seaán's death to that felt by Oilill Ólom at the death of his son Eóghan. The poem is edited here from Stonyhurst College MS A II 20, with readings from Trinity College Dublin MS H 6. 7 (1411), British Library MS Egerton 112 and Royal Irish Academy MS 23 O 73 (1382), and with a full discussion of these and other extant MS witnesses.


In any field of legal study, there are certain terms which, while not corresponding to distinct fundamental concepts, come to acquire currency as regular symbols or building-blocks in legal argument, either through their inclusion in some key text, or through being recognised as convenient encapsulation of a bundle of concepts or conditions. The generally well-recognised danger in the use of such symbolic notation is that the term in question may come to be used with insufficient regard to the nucleus of ideas which existed before it was affixed as a label, and the manipulation of which it was merely intended to facilitate. Furthermore, what may be called the "common" meaning of the term in question – the meaning it has in a non-legal or non-specialist dictionary – may exercise a surreptitious influence, causing the legal meaning of the term to drift in a manner unjustified by legal considerations. For these reasons, such terms need to be scrutinised from time to time in the light of their origin and background, in order that such drifts may be detected, and the danger avoided of legal exactitude being prejudiced by linguistic convenience.


Lane change is receiving attention in academia. Most existing lane changing models are rule-based lane changing models which only assume one-direction impact of surrounding vehicles on the lane-changing vehicle. In fact, lane change is a process of mutual interaction between vehicles due to the complexity and uncertainty of the traffic environment. In this paper, we proposed a multi-vehicle cooperative control approach with a distributed control structure to control model. The innovation of this paper lies in that we proposed a multivehicle cooperative lane changing controller which combines game theory and model predictive control (MPC) based on vehicle to vehicle (V2V) communication; Moreover, we designed a multi-lane vehicle ordering method, and decided the optimal time and acceleration of lane change by considering the mutual interaction between vehicles. Typical scenarios were tested to verify that a lane changing vehicle could interact with other vehicles and change lanes without collision. We verified this approach of lane changing through CarSim and MATLAB cosimulation, and compared it with the conventional rule-based lane change decision controller. Test results show that the controller is capable of changing lanes in a smarter manner and guaranteeing the safety and efficiency of the autonomous vehicle.


Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by persistent social interactive and communicative difficulties and repetitive, restricted behavioral patterns. Previous theories suggested impairments in two distinct sets of core abilities as an explanation for ASD. One is the delayed ability to reflect on others' mental content, and the other is the lack of the tendency to integrate details to create meanings in contexts. In the current field, there is an emergent explanation to consider ASD as a disorder of prediction. Under this notion, two competing views proposed different accounts for the specific deficits in ASD predictive system. The Bayesian view believes that ASD individuals experience reduced priors and are less reliant on top-down information when making predictions. Alternatively, the predictive error view believes that ASD impairments result from a failure to ignore accidental prediction errors caused by environmental noise, leading to overly frequent updates and less generalizable predictions. Though both views seem credible, no previous studies have comprehensively examined their reliability in empirical evidence. Therefore, the present paper fills in the gap by reviewing the two views and their relevant psychological and neuroscientific evidence with a specific focus on sensorimotor prediction. The major conclusion is that most empirical evidence was consistent with the reduced prior proposal but not the prediction error weighing proposal. Specifically, the ASD population is resistant to reliable contextual priors even though their associative learning may remain unimpaired. In keeping with the reduced prior proposal, the ASD population showed atypical connectivity between brain areas, suggesting insufficient communication of top-down information. Additionally, subjective anxiety during the Bayesian inferential process probably hinders the prediction performance. One possible limitation of the present review is the generalizability of conclusions to the domain of social impairments. Future studies should dedicate to exploring the restrictive conditions on the reduced Bayesian prior and E/I ratio imbalance and the role of anxiety in moderating the predictive process. One practical implication is to promote context-dependent imitations in sensorimotor learning in ASD. This review can provide some insights to future intervention studies and practices for children with ASD.


In an ever-changing environment, innovation is a key concern for nearly every organization, including libraries. Innovation is not necessarily spontaneous; in fact, workplace factors including knowledge preservation and management can have both positive and negative impacts on the innovativeness of organizations. But how can knowledge management translate into innovation? What kind of knowledge do knowledge management systems capture? And most importantly, why should academic libraries care? This paper aims to assess the impact of knowledge management tools on innovation within an academic library context and highlight areas of further research. Based on the literature reviewed, common findings include that an effective KM system supports innovation and learning within organizations, and that there are several variables within the framework of KM which can increase the effectiveness of the KM system. These variables include the use of KM tools for staff and customers alike, cooperative and supportive management attitudes, and the use of information and communication technologies (ICTs) to codify and share knowledge between institutions.


Thomas Butler may be headed to prison for mishandling his plague paperwork. But testimony at his recent trial raises potentially embarrassing questions about whether some government scientists followed all the rules.


The authors present a first measurement of CP asymmetries in neutral B decays to D{sup +}D{sup -}, and updated CP asymmetry measurements in decays to D*{sup +}D{sup -} and D*{sup -}D{sup +}. They use fully-reconstructed decays collected in a data sample of (232 {+-} 3) x 10{sup 6} {Upsilon}(4S) {yields} B{bar B} events in the BABAR detector at the PEp-II asymmetric-energy B Factory at SLAC. they determine the time-dependent asymmetry parameters to be S{sub D*{sup +}D{sup -}} = -0.54 {+-} 0.35 {+-} 0.07, C{sub D*{sup +}D{sup -}} = 0.09 {+-} 0.25 {+-} 0.06, S{sub D*{sup -}D{sup +}} = -0.29 {+-} 0.33 {+-} 0.07, C{sub D*{sup -}D{sup +}} = 0.17 {+-} 0.24 {+-} 0.04, S{sub D{sup +}D{sup -}} = -0.29 {+-} 0.63 {+-} 0.06, and C{sub D{sup +}D{sup -}} = 0.11 {+-} 0.35 {+-} 0.06, where in each case the first error is statistical and the second error is systematic.


We are concerned with the semilinear differential equation in a Banach space X, x'(t)=Ax(t)+F(t,x(t)), t∈R, where A generates an exponentially stable C 0 -semigroup and F(t,x): R x X → X is a function of the form F(t,x) = P(t)Q(x). Under appropriate conditions on P and Q, and using the Schauder fixed point theorem, we prove the existence of an almost automorphic mild solution to the above equation.


Track critical locations with respect to the railway vehicle safety are the passages through the turnouts. The purpose of this investigation is to evaluate the safety of a railway vehicle crossing a turnout. In this study, the topography of a track turnout lay-out has been experimentally measured, and its geometric properties were synthesised. Results show that a constant wavelength vehicle oscillation occurs on the switches in the turnout and that the maximum lateral force at 65 km/h is almost 65% greater than those at low speeds (under 30 km/h).


We prove that the set of fiber-bunched $SL(2,\mathbb{R})$-valued Holder cocycles with nonvanishing Lyapunov exponents over a volume preserving, accessible and center-bunched partially hyperbolic diffeomorphism is open. Moreover, we present an example showing that this is no longer true if we do not assume acessibility in the base dynamics.


ABSTRACT Combined ultrasonic and X-ray microtomography measurements in situ at high pressure, in conjunction with lattice-Boltzmann simulations, enabled simultaneous investigation several physical parameters including: elastic wave velocities (vp and vs); apparent Poisson's ratio; pore structure; porosity; and permeability. Experiments were conducted on a simple analog material, porous mold-quality aluminum, in a Paris-Edinburgh cell from 0.14 to 1.36 GPa. Porosity was observed to have a strong inverse dependence on pressure up to ∼0.9 GPa, while permeability has an anisotropic dependence on pressure. Elastic wave velocity (vp, vs) and apparent Poisson's ratio all increase with pressure, with vp agreeing well with the Hashin–Shtrikman upper bound at lower pressures and higher porosities. These results demonstrate a new methodology combining experimental and analytical methods to provide cross-property links between microscopic structure and macroscopic elastic properties. Future investigations on more complex Earth materials may have important implications for our understanding of the composition of the deep Earth.


Objective To discuss the sonographic characteristics of Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT). Methods Ultrasonography with a 12 MHz transducer was performed in 60 patients with HT confirmed by surgery or biopsy. The relationship between the sonographic characteristics and pathological reports was analyzed. Results According to sonographic characteristics, the lesions were classified into focal hypoechoic pattern in 7 cases (11.7%), diffuse hypoechoic pattern in 40 (66.7%) and multi-nodular pattern in 13 (21.6%). Strong echoic spots were found in 10 cases (16.7%). There was a significant difference of peak systolic velocity (PSV) and resistance index (RI) of the thyroid superior artery between the patients and the contrast group (P0.05). Color flow signal increased in 51 cases. Conclusion High frequency ultrasonography is helpful for diagnosing HT.


Objective To study the clinical effects of arthroscopic reconstruction of anterior cruciate ligament with semitendionosus and gracilis tendons. Methods From January 2004 to October 2005, 22 cases of anterior cruciate ligament ruptures were reconstructed arthroscopically with semitendionosus and gracilis tendons by endobutton. The effects were evaluated with Lachman test and Lysholm score. Results Mean follow-up was (16.0±10.3) months. Lachman test of 20 cases were negative after operation, Lachman test of the other cases were positive after operation. Lachman test after operation was better than that before operation.Lysholm score were remarkable improved from preoperative( 56.36± 10.20) scores(40-85 scores) to postoperative (92.76±11.20) scores(70-100 scores). Conclusions Arthroscopic anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction with semitendionosus and gracilis tendons has advantages of minimal trauma in surgery and reliable satisfactory outcome.


Immigration may rfluence the process of population development. In this paper, the solution of a kind of partial differential equation on the human population mathemetial model with immigration was discussed. The formula of solution for this equation are obtained by the characteristic line method. The theorem on the global existance and uniqueness of solutions for this equation are also theoritically proved.


It is important to accurately calculate flattening points when reconstructing ship hull models, which require fast and high-precision computation. However, some search algorithms, such as the bisection method, iterate near the optimal value too many times before converging in high-precision computation. The paper proposes a fast high-precision bisection feedback search (FHP-BFS) algorithm to solve the problem. In the FHP-BFS algorithm, the Newton–Raphson (NR) method is adopted to accelerate the convergence speed by considering the iteration characteristics of subintervals. Furthermore, a new feedback mechanism is proposed to control the feedback directions. In addition, an acceleration algorithm, called the interval reformation method, is used to guide the FHP-BFS algorithm for fast convergence. Finally, the flattening algorithm is improved by the FHP-BFS algorithm. In the comparative experiments, the practical efficacy of the FHP-BFS algorithm is first demonstrated, and then the optimal range of the threshold precision is determined. Next the FHP-BFS algorithm is compared to the best existing algorithms. Finally, the performance of the improved flattening algorithm is verified. The experiments demonstrate that the FHP-BFS algorithm has optimal performance among the compared algorithms, and it has an improved computation efficiency while maintaining robustness. The improved flattening algorithm reduces the computation time, ensures smoothness and meets practical engineering requirements.


Among the many unusual features of the desert coast of northern Peru are the five major beach-ridge sets: Santa (9 ̊S), Piura (5 ̊30' S), Colán (5 ̊S), Chira (4 ̊50' S), and Tumbes (3 ̊40' S). These features of the landscape began forming after 5800 cal yr B.P., initiated by severe El Niño and seismic events. Archaeological remains on the beachridge sets of Santa, Colán, and Chira provide evidence of local prehistoric peoples. The extent of prehistoric occupation and utilization of beach ridges varied due to environmental limitations influenced by beach-ridge substrate material, local paleoenvironments, and climate-change events.


Introduction Implantable Cardiac Defibrillators (ICD) are a potentially lifesaving therapy inserted for multiple indications. The indications for insertion of ICDs are stated in the European Society of Cardiology guidelines, and American Heart Association guidelines. One of the most common indications is for implantation in heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF). These include patients with New York Heart Association (NYHA) Class I-III in patients with ischaemic cardiomyopathy (ICM) and NYHA Class II-III in patients with non-ischaemic cardiomyopathy (NICM). Purpose While ICDs are not exclusively implanted by electrophysiologists in the country of study, we hypothesised that a hospital having a dedicated electrophysiology service would lead to greater compliance with current guidelines. Methods We compared two major tertiary referral centres, one of which has the largest Electrophysiology (EP) service in the country, with the other currently having no EP physician. We obtained a list of all patients who attended the respective Heart Failure Clinics for a year from the 1st of January 2018 to the 31st of December 2018. We then excluded patients with ejection fraction (EF) of >35% by examining the relevant patients' echocardiogram reports. Results In Heart Failure Clinic in Hospital A (with an EP service), 172 patients attending the heart failure clinic had an EF less than or equal to 35%. Of those, 116 had an ICD (67.4%); 88 with an ICD and 28 with a Cardiac Resynchronisation Therapy – Defibrillator (CRT-D). 56 patients did not have ICD/CRT. In Hospital B (without an EP service), 174 patients attending the heart failure clinic had an EF less than or equal to 35%. 83 of these patients had an ICD (47.7%). Of those, 56 had an ICD and 27 had a CRT-D. We report a significant difference of 19.7% (p=0.0002) between two large tertiary referral centres in the rate of guideline-directed ICD implantation (figure 1). Conclusion The availability of an electrophysiology service in a hospital may improve the rates of guideline-directed ICD implantation for heart failure with reduced ejection fraction. This hypothesis warrants further investigation in larger studies.


Teaching Point: Gastric lipomas are very rare and generally asymptomatic benign tumors; however, they can manifest as life-threatening complications, readily diagnosed by CT.


The invention concerns a sealed assembly device wherein each chamber, respectively A and B , is provided with at least an access opening equipped with a door (2, 3) co-operating with a flange (4, 5), with interposed sealing means (12, 14), one (2) of the two doors being articulated relatively to its flange (4), and both doors (2, 3) being provided with locking means on their respective flanges (4, 5) and matching linking means for linking them forming, by contact between the sealing means (12, 16 and 13, 14) an internal space C insulated from outside environment. The invention is characterised in that the detecting device comprises two grooves, respectively internal (30) and external (35) arranged in the outer surface of the fixed chamber (A) flange (4), a joint (36) provided in the groove (35), a network of channels (31, 32, 33) arranged in the flange (4) and linking the inner groove (30) to a pipe fitting (34), a vacuum pump (38) whereof the suction conduit (37) is connected to said pipe fitting, and a sensor (44) measuring the value of the vacuum in the pneumatic circuit leading to the groove (30) and reacting on the alarm means (47, 48), when the vacuum does not reach the appropriate value.


Underpaid and uninformed by a bumbling carrier, a rural FP fought back with the help of her senator and congressman.


In this paper we present an algorithm for identifying the parameters of a proportional navigation guidance missile (pursuer) pursuing an airborne target (evader) using angle-only measurements from the latter. This is done for the purpose of classifying the missile so that appropriate countermeasures can be taken. In the literature, there have been numerous studies on how a pursuer tracks an evader and what the optimal guidance law should be. However, not much has been done on identifying/classifying the pursuer from the evader's point of view using angle-only measurements. This provides the motivation for our current work. Mathematical models are constructed for a pursuer with a changing velocity, i.e., a direction change and a speed change. Assuming the pursuer is launched from the ground with an acceleration, its motion can be described by a four-dimensional parameter vector consisting of its proportional navigation constant and three parameters related to thrusting (initial net specific thrust, the relative mass ejection rate and its maximum speed). Consequently, the problem can be solved as a parameter estimation problem, rather than state estimation. In this paper, we provide an estimator based on Maximum Likelihood (ML) to solve this identification problem. The parameter estimates obtained can be mapped into the time-to-go until intercept, thus the time-to-go estimate can also be obtained from the above estimator. Estimation results are presented for different scenarios together with the Cramer-Rao Lower Bound, which quantifies the best achievable estimation accuracy. The accuracy of the time-to-go estimate is also obtained. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed estimator is efficient by meeting the CRLB.


With the increase of environmental damage, especially in the Arab region as a result of wars in the past years and the destruction of infrastructure, engineers are concentrating more on reducing adverse environmental influences. In this study, the effect of three types of acids on the concrete properties, the corrosion progresses, chemical reaction rate and the penetration of the acid to the concrete were tested. The types of acids used in this research are Nitric, Sulfuric and Hydrochloric acids. It has been adopted to make holes in concrete cubes before submerging them with acid solutions to determine the penetration and chemical reaction rate by observation, all the solutions where ready to be poured in the holes using 2 cubes of concrete for each of the 8 solution which have different concentrations of acids. The results indicated that the rate of chemical reactions are not the same for the acids which they have different concentrations. The Nitric acid is more corrosive and reactive since the concrete absorbed 100 mL in 330 minutes through a contact area of 23 cm2. Nitric acid have reduced the compression strength by 37% and the mass loss is 21%.


The objective of this research study was to determine the effect of hotel rate increases and discounts against a reference price in an effort to determine if consumer willingness-to-purchase rises and fall accordingly with the changes. The results of price increases against a reference price indicated that as the rates rose, a consumer's willingness-to-purchase decreased in direct relation to the magnitude of the increase. The results for rate discounts when compared to an established reference provided a non-linear relationship, and at certain levels provided no significant change in a consumer's willingness-to-purchase. This is an interesting finding that there is a nonlinear relationship between hotel rate discounts and consumers' willingness to pay. It explains some of the dilemmas faced by hotel managers with reference to hotel rate discounts and increases.


The reaction of C(5) phenyl-substituted 1,3-dioxolan-2,4-diones with a series of alcohols has been studied in order to obtain quantitative information relating to the role of hydroxyl initiation in the polymerization of these compounds. Results relating to both the effect of C(5) substitution and the structure of the attacking alcohol are presented. The reactions are secondorder (first-order with respect to each component) and show some of the kinetic features associated with monosubstituted 1,3,2-dioxathiolan-4-one-2-oxides. Structural effects are adequately represented in terms of Taft σ* and Es substituent constants. Of the parameters describing the properties of the reaction medium, the donicity concept was found to give the best correlation with rate data. It is considered that hydroxyl initiation will contribute to a relatively small extent in the polymerization of 5,5-diphenyl-1,3-dioxolan-2,4-dione and 5-methyl, 5-phenyl-1,3-dioxolan-2,4-dione but will form the basis for the major chain-growth process in 5-phenyl-1,3-dioxolan-2,4-dione.


The soil-structure interaction model is established by using lumped parameter method and the earthquake response spectrum equation based on this model is deduced.Through the calculation of actual example,some response spectrum curves of interaction system under the action of earthquake wave of various frequencies are given.The results show that even during the same earthquake,for the structures with shallow buried rigid foundations,the response spectrums are obviously different from the present ones.Seismic response is discounted for many structures of various periods while it is enhanced for structures of some given periods.The results also show that interaction system can absorb the earthquake waves of specific frequency,which is not reflected in the present response spectrum theory.


Presented in this work is a new experimental technique to facilitate studies of materials under uniform radial expansion at rates of strain typically seen in ballistic and impact studies (103 to 105 s−1) at temperatures around 100–1000 K. Previous work places a right-cylinder polymer insert in a sample cylinder, into which a matching polymer projectile is launched using a gas gun. The impact and resulting deformation of the polymers imparts radial momentum to the cylinder. This work replaces the polymer insert with a steel ogive. A polycarbonate projectile deforms around the insert and drives radial expansion. The uniform radial expansion created has a less complex interface than previous work as only one material is driving the cylinder wall. As deformation of the insert is no longer necessary, the opportunity to heat or cool the cylinder prior to expansion is now available for studies into the effect of temperature on fracture and fragmentation behavior. This paper describes the design of this new impac...


Chiral thioureas and functionalised chiral thiouronium salts were synthesised starting from the relatively cheap and easily available chiral amines: (S)-methylbenzylamine and rosin-derived (+)-dehydroabietylamine. The introduction of a delocalised positive charge to the thiourea functionality, by an alkylation reaction at the sulfur atom, enables dynamic rotameric processes: hindered rotations about the delocalised CN and CS bonds. Hence, four different rotamers/isomers may be recognised: syn–syn, syn–anti, anti–syn and anti–anti. Extensive 1H and 13C NMR studies have shown that in hydrogen-bond acceptor solvents, such as perdeuteriated dimethyl sulfoxide, the syn–syn conformation is preferable. On the other hand, when using non-polar solvents, such as CDCl3, the mixture of syn–syn and syn–anti isomers is detectable, with an excess of the latter. Apart from this, in the case of S-butyl-N,N′-bis(dehydroabietyl)thiouronium ethanoate in CDCl3, the 1H NMR spectrum revealed that strong bifurcated hydrogen bonding between the anion and the cation causes global rigidity without signs of hindered rotamerism observable on the NMR time scale. This suggested that these new salts might be used as NMR discriminating agents for chiral oxoanions, and are indeed more effective than their archetypal guanidinium analogues or the neutral thioureas. The best results in recognition of a model substrate, mandelate, were obtained with S-butyl-N,N′-bis(dehydroabietyl)thiouronium bistriflamide. It was confirmed that the chiral recognition occurred not only for carboxylates but also for sulfonates and phosphonates. Further 1H NMR studies confirmed a 1 : 1 recognition mode between the chiral agent (host) and the substrate (guest); binding constants were determined by 1H NMR titrations in solutions of DMSO-d6 in CDCl3. It was also found that the anion of the thiouronium salt had a significant influence on the recognition process: anions with poor hydrogen-bond acceptor abilities led to the best discrimination. The presence of host–guest hydrogen bonding was confirmed in the X-ray crystal structure of S-butyl-N,N′-bis(dehydroabietyl)thiouronium bromide and by computational studies (density functional theory).


Restoration of normal knee joint function through surgical reconstruction is dependent upon load-sharing between the implant and the surrounding soft-tissue structures. Mobile-bearing knee designs offer the advantage of maximally conforming geometry while diminishing constraint forces to fixation interfaces through plateau mobility. The degree of mobility afforded by these designs in the anterior-posterior, medial-lateral, and rotational directions defines the required interaction between the soft tissues and the design geometry to maintain a stable articulation.

This study characterizes nine contemporary mobile-bearing designs in terms of the force generated during a prescribed displacement. Among the designs evaluated, only the LCS Deep Dish Rotating Platform is available for clinical use in the United States.

A dynamic testing system capable of applying biaxial loads (Instron Testing Machine, model 1115; Instron, Canton, Massachusetts) was utilized to assess the intrinsic performance characteristics of nine non-hinged, mobile-bearing knee designs. Anterior, posterior, medial, lateral, and rotational constraints were determined for each total knee design under a compressive load consistent with normal walking gait1,2. A compressive load of four times body weight and 0° of flexion was chosen to represent a position of gait where maximum shear forces act in the posterior and lateral directions as well as in rotation1,2. Anterior and medial shear forces are presented at the same gait position for completeness. A body weight of 163 lb (74 kg), which corresponds to the average for a sixty-year-old, 5-ft, 8-in (172.7-cm) male subject, was used in this evaluation3.

### Anterior-Posterior and Medial-Lateral Shear Testing

Three tibial inserts were evaluated in each test direction for each system. Under the prescribed in vivo compressive load (652 lbf), shearing displacements were applied to the system until the implant subluxated (Fig. 1). Anterior, posterior, medial, and lateral subluxation was defined as the dislocation of the tibial component relative …


In this interview conducted five years ago, one of the pioneers of value‐based management discusses his life's work in converting principles of modern finance theory into performance evaluation and incentive compensation plans that have been adopted by many of the world's largest and most successful companies, including Coca‐Cola, SABMiller in London, Siemens in Germany, and the Godrej Group in India. The issues covered include the significance of dividend payouts (are dividends really necessary to support a company's stock price and, if so, why?) as well as the question of optimal capital structure (whether and why debt might be cheaper than equity). But the most important focus of the interview is corporate performance measurement and the use of executive pay to strengthen management incentives to increase efficiency and value. As Stern never tired of arguing, the widespread tendency of public companies to manage "for earnings"—or in accordance with what he refers to as "the accounting model of the firm"—often leads to value‐destroying decisions. As one example, the GAAP accounting principle that requires intangible investments like R&D and training to be written off in the year the money is spent is likely to cause significant underinvestment in such intangibles. At the same time, the failure of conventional income statements to reflect the cost of equity almost certainly encourages corporate overinvestment. Stern's solution to this problem was an executive incentive compensation plan whose rewards were tied to increases in a measure of economic profit called economic value added, or EVA, which research has shown to have a significance relation to changes both in share value and the premium of market value over book value. Moreover, by combining such a plan with a "bonus bank" that pays out annual awards over a multiyear period, boards could ensure that management will be rewarded not for good luck but for sustainable improvements in performance.


Product design is a complex and systematic project.From theory and method of design to appraise and expression of design,product design has itself rule and system.This paper discusses produst design,computer's instervention and applications of computer in product design.


Ewing sarcoma (EwS) tumors are driven by pathognomonic fusions between FET proteins and ETS family transcription factors (most frequently EWS::FLI1). EWS::FLI1 drives tumorigenesis through massive transcriptomic and epigenomic rewiring. Despite mutational homogeneity, EwS are highly transcriptionally heterogeneous suggesting that cell context is a key determinant of EWS::FLI1-driven gene signatures. Fusion protein activity has been revealed as a core source of EwS heterogeneity. However, deep investigation into the transcriptomic and epigenomic heterogeneity of EwS cells has yet to be described. Molecular subtyping of EwS has thus far proven to be difficult to achieve with bulk RNA-sequencing approaches. We hypothesized that single-cell characterization of EwS cells would provide the necessary resolution to allow identification and characterization of transcriptionally distinct tumor subgroups. We subjected eight established EwS cell lines, one PDX-derived EwS line, and five non-EwS cell lines to single-cell multiomic (ATAC + RNA) sequencing. A range of 1300-3800 live cells were captured per sample, with an average of 25,000 transcript and accessible reads per cell. Initial analysis of transcriptomes confirmed the EwS-specific, EWS::FLI1-dependent signature gene sets in EwS samples. Integrated analysis of the multiome data from the 9 EwS samples identified inter-tumor heterogeneity and unsupervised k-means clustering revealed three molecular subgroups that were not evident from expression data alone. Subgroup 1 comprised only the A673 cell line, while the remaining 8 EwS samples were split between subgroups 2 and 3. Gene ontology analysis defined enrichment of distinct gene sets across the 3 subgroups. Interestingly, expression of subgroup 2-defining genes was reduced following knockdown of EWSR1::FLI1, while expression of subgroup 3-defining genes increased. Thus, these data show that transcriptionally distinct subgroups of EwS exist and these are defined, in part, by whether EWS::FLI1-dependent gene activation or gene repression dominates transcriptional rewiring. Our ongoing studies suggest that these molecular subgroups are defined by cooperation between the fusion and cell context-dependent transcription factors. Future analyses will determine if these distinct multiomic programs exist in primary patients tumors and test the pathobiologic and clinical significance of these novel molecular subgroups.
 Citation Format: April A. Apfelbaum, Olivia Waltner, Shruti S. Bhise, Sami Kanaan, Jay F. Sarthy, Scott N. Furlan, Elizabeth R. Lawlor. Multimodal single-cell analyses reveal identification of unique transcriptional subgroups in ewing sarcoma [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference: Sarcomas; 2022 May 9-12; Montreal, QC, Canada. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Clin Cancer Res 2022;28(18_Suppl):Abstract nr B020.


Cosmetic vaginal rejuvenation is on the rise, and so are the controversies. One plastic surgeon separates myth from the truth.


Voltage‐gated sodium channels are essential for the generation and conduction of electrical impulses in excitable cells. Sodium channel Nav1.7, encoded by the SCN9A‐gene, has been of special interest in the last decades because missense gain‐of‐function mutations have been linked to a spectrum of neuropathic pain conditions, including inherited erythermalgia (IEM), paroxysmal extreme pain disorder (PEPD), and small fiber neuropathy (SFN).


This study aims at identifying and analyzing factors that affect tax revenues in aceh barat. data were used from 2006 to 2012. A multiple regression model was used. estimation results showed that the number of visitors and supply of hotel rooms have a positive and significant impact on tax revenue in aceh barat. revenue from hotel tax increased by Rp. 570 823 rupiah for each additional one room building units. hotel tax revenues also increased by Rp. 73 785 rupiah for each additional one visitor. based on these results, the local government have to provide facilities that can attract the private sector to increase the number of rooms. the local government is also expected to attract tourists by increasing the availability of tourist destinations that contribute to the increase in hotel tax revenues.


Abstract Life histories of the golden redhorse (Moxostoma erythrurum), northern redhorse (M. macrolepidotum), and silver redhorse (M. anisurum) were studied on the Des Moines River in central Iowa. Adult golden redhorse are widely distributed within the study area; silver redhorse and young golden redhorse are primarily in areas where the current is slower; northern redhorse are generally present in fast-moving water. Redhorse populations are sedentary in the summer as judged from the movements of 1,642 fin-clipped redhorses. Length conversion factors and body-scale relationships are given for each species. Weight increased as the total length raised to the 3.0207 power in northern, 3.0980 power in golden, and 3.1243 power in silver redhorse. Coefficients of condition (CTL) averaged 36.0 for northern, 38.9 for golden, and 40.4 for silver redhorse, but showed definite seasonal trends with lows following spawning and increases during the summer and fall. There appeared to be no reason to doubt the validity ...


We discuss an analog of the AGT relation in five dimensions. We define a q-deformation of the beta-ensemble which satisfies q-W constraint. We also show a relation with the Nekrasov partition function of 5D SU(N) gauge theory with N_f=2N.


I saw this on Men's Health today and thought it was interesting. Most of these things contain over 1,000 calories. That is just nuts. Not


AIM To observe the effects of total flavonoids from Adinandra nitida on lipid metabolism and antioxidative activity in hyperlipidemic rats.METHODS The hyperlipidemic rats induced by feeding high lipid diet were randomly divided into six groups: normal control,model group,Xuezhikang group(300 mg/kg),total flavonoids from Adinandra nitida groups(200,400,600 mg/kg).Rats were treated daily for thirty-five days.The contents of total cholesterol(TC),triglyeride(TG),low density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C),high density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C),aspartate aminotransferase(AST),alanine aminotransferase(ALT),malondialdehyde(MDA) levels,superoxide dismutase(SOD) activity in serum,hemorheological indexes,TC and TG in liver were determined.RESULTS The contents of TC,TG,LDL-C,AST,ALT,MDA in serum and whole blood low-shear viscosities reduced significantly(P0.05),and TC,TG in liver decreased,too.HDL-C and SOD in serum significantly increased(P0.05) after administration with total flavonoids from Adinandra nitida.CONCLUSION Total flavonoids from Adinandra nitida can inhibit arterioscleros by regulating lipoprotein cholesterol metabolism,improving hemorheological indexes,protecting liver and enhancing the anti-oxidation.


In-polarity InN∕In0.7Ga0.3N multiquantum wells (MQWs) were fabricated on a thick In0.7Ga0.3N interlayer/Ga-polarity GaN template by radio-frequency plasma-assisted molecular beam epitaxy. We then investigated how the lattice relaxation and piezoelectric field in InN wells affect their structural and photoluminescence (PL) properties, respectively. It was found that the critical thickness of InN well on In0.7Ga0.3N barrier was about 1nm. A clear PL peak shift from 1.40to1.95μm was observed depending on the InN well thickness from 0.7to2.0nm. Correspondingly, PL-intensity reduction was also observed with increasing well thickness. No PL was observed for the sample with 4.1nm thick InN wells. On the basis of theoretical estimation of transition energies in InN∕In0.7Ga0.3N MQWs, it was confirmed that the quantum-confined Stark effect (QCSE) played an important role for both the observed PL peak shift and the decrease in intensity. The piezoelectric field in coherently grown InN wells was about 3MV∕cm but it w...


A series of chiral auxiliaries have been attached to 2-furoic acid and 3-methyl-2-furoic acid. The performance of these auxiliaries in the Birch reduction was assessed and it was found that placing a C-3 methyl group on the heterocycle was essential for good stereoselectivity. Using bis(methoxymethyl)pyrrolidine high levels of diastereoselectivity could be obtained with a range of electrophiles. A model is also presented which explains the sense of stereoselectivity displayed by this auxiliary. After reduction, the auxiliaries could be removed by reaction with acid to furnish dihydrofuran-based carboxylic acids with high enantiomeric excess.


This practical book explains to the industry manager all the special aspects related to the preparation of the scientific dossier for health claims of European functional foods (science, legislation, communication, product development).


Alfred Mathis-Rosenzweig (1897-1948) was a Viennese musicologist and critic who studied at the universities of Budapest and Vienna. From 1933 he embarked on producing a large-scale study of Mahler but at the time of his death the manuscript was left unfinished. Although it was presumed lost until 1997, the unfinished text, written in German, had been deposited in the library of the Guildhall School of Music & Drama. In 2003, the School's Research Centre commissioned Jeremy Barham to prepare the first published edition of this important work, and his annotations and commentary add invaluable material to his translation of this historic document. Biographical material is used as a loose framework and platform for Mathis-Rosenzweig's profound examination of the environment within which Mahler's earlier music was embedded. This was an environment in which Wagner, Bruckner and Wolf feature prominently, and in which Mahler's music is viewed from the wider perspective of nineteenth-century German cultural domination and the subsequent rise of political extremism in the form of Hitlerite fascism.


To assess the proportion of clinically significant (cs) prostate cancer (PCa) found during follow‐up in patients with negative systematic biopsy (SB) followed by non‐suspicious multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI) and persistent clinical suspicion of PCa compared to the general population.


Intragroup alloys and compounds formed between the group-IV elements have varied technological applications in view of their excellent mechanical and optical properties [1]. For instance, SiC is used for polishing and grinding applications and SiGe is used in hetero junction bipolar devices. GeSn is another group IV-IV system which is predicted to be a direct band gap semiconductor with tunable band gap. Thin films of Ge1-xSnx alloys with cubic diamond structure have been formed by non-equilibrium techniques such as chemical vapor deposition (CVD) and pulsed laser ablation [2]. Bulk synthesis of the Ge-Sn system has however been difficult due to the large atomic radii difference, different crystal structures and different electro negativities in their elemental states at ambient P and T conditions. The difference between the atomic radii can be minimized by subjecting Ge and Sn to ~ 9 GPa, when their crystal structures become same (beta-Sn) following the structural transition in Ge [3]. Subsequent application of high temperatures can lead to formation of Ge-Sn bonds.


Early European and Euro-American artists documented the land, people, flora, and fauna of western North America. These artists gave Europeans and eastern Americans their first glimpse of the west. Because artists were important to the early explorers and topographers of the west, this document advocates study of western art and artists as an integrated part of studying the history of the North American west. The document presents a brief survey of important western artists from 1778 to 1975. Information is given regarding World Wide Web sites that allow visual access to western art collections. Contains a 44-item reading list. (MM) ******************************************************************************** Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. ********************************************************************************


Asymmetrically modified hectorites (HTs) were prepared by the cation exchange method with (R)- and (S)-1-arylethylammonium (aryl = phenyl, p-tolyl, and 1-naphthyl). Enantioselective entrapment of 1-phenylethylamine with the modified HTs was observed. In situ X-ray diffraction measurements confirmed that the asymmetric recognition occurred in the interlayer of the modified HT.


this article is result of the research which main objective was analyzed factors and influence of methodology creative and nations united model in the development of abilities in communication of the students of the ninth grade. the methodology incorporates writing texts, set ups, and descriptive researches. The investigation was oriented quantitative focus with an analysis technique of multiple results factorial, identified profiles of students with character of leaders; the sample incorporated 150 students of educational institutions in Norte de Santander-Colombia. The results allow us to observe four factors associated with communicative skills: pragmatic, with the practice skills for the readings production; factor normative, belongs to etic based parameters, factor diplomatic negotiator, skill to intercede in conflicts and factor communicative in assign tasks to groups and planning. Apply the methodology denominated creative and United Nations model, developed and enhance political communications skills, democratic, of planning communicative and ethical.


An electromigration failure model which can be used to project the electromigration lifetime under pulsed DC and AC current stressing has been reported. The experimental results indicate that different metallization systems (Al-2%Si, Al4%Cu/TiW, and Cu) show similar failure behaviors, which can be explained and predicted by this model. The pulsed DC lifetime is found to be longer than DC lifetime, and the AC lifetime is found to be very much longer. This recognition can provide significant relief to circuit designs involving metals carrying pulsed DC and AC currents, and allow a more aggressive design to improve circuit density and speed. >


In this operation the AFM probe is driven into oscillation at its resonant frequency. A drop of the probe amplitude, which is caused by tip-sample interactions, is used to track the surface profile. This amplitude modulation (AM) mode has been further expanded by recording the phase changes, which provide the image contrast distinguishing the dissimilar components of heterogeneous materials. For more than 20 years, AM mode with phase imaging has been the primary AFM method for applications in air and under liquid.


Abstract In this study, the effect of the γ′ morphology on stress-rupture properties of single crystal alloy IC21 at 850°C 500 MPa− 1 was investigated. Special heat treatment (HT) with different cooling procedure and holding temperature were conducted to samples before the stress-rupture test. The longest stress-rupture life and the smallest elongation were obtained after HT3 treatment. Microstructure examination shows that micro-raft was built during intermediate temperature stress-rupture test after HT3 treatment. Moreover, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis of the stress-ruptured samples reviews that with the change of the γ′ morphology, the dominant deformation mechanism has been changed from the shearing of the < 112> super-partial dislocations to the Orowan by-passing mechanism.


The article considers the phenomenon of charitable giving as a part of social system. The approaches to defining its social efficiency have been given. The efficiency factors have been revealed.


Solar energy is widely available, free and inexhaustible. Furthermore this source of energy is the most friendly to the environment. For direct conversion of solar energy into useful forms like of electricity and thermal energy, respectively photovoltaic cells and solar collectors are being used. Forecast indicate that the first one solution will soon have a significant part in meeting the global energy demand. Therefore it is highly important to increase their efficiency in the terms of providing better energy conversion conditions. It can be obtain by designing new devices or by modifications of existing ones. This article presents general issues of photovoltaic installations exposed to work in high temperatures and basic concepts about phase change materials (PCMs). The paper presents the possibility of PCM usage to receive heat from the photovoltaic module. Specially designed test stand, consisting of PV module covered with a layer of PCM has been build and tested. Current-voltage characteristics of the cell without PCM material and with a layer of PCM have been presented. Authors also describe the results of the electrical and thermal characteristic of a coupled PV-PCM system.


Flowers v Mississippi is a Supreme Court case about a man who was tried six times for the same crimes. The trials took place over a span of twenty-one years. In four of the trials, there was a conviction, but appellate courts reversed because of prosecutorial misconduct. In the other two trials, the jury was unable to reach a unanimous verdict, and the judge declared a mistrial. Curtis Flowers was charged with murdering four people—Robert Golden, Carmen Rigby, Bertha Tardy, and Derrick Stewart—in a small town in Mississippi. Mr. Flowers is African American. Doug Evans, the district attorney who was the lead prosecutor in all six trials, is white. Winona, Mississippi, where the killings occurred, is roughly 53 percent black and 46 percent white.


Latest research shows a 20 per cent funding gap between the cost of delivering free childcare and the amount paid to providers, with experts warning it could jeopardise the government programme if not addressed


The combination of inventory management and vehicle routing decisions yields a difficult combinatorial optimization problem called the Inventory-Routing Problem (IRP). This problem arises when both types of decisions must be taken jointly, which is the case in vendor-managed inventory systems. The IRP has received significant attention in recent years. Several heuristic and exact algorithms are available for its static and deterministic versions. In the dynamic version of the IRP, customer demands are gradually revealed over time and planning must be made at the beginning of each of several periods. In this context, one can sometimes take advantage of stochastic information on demand through the use of forecasts, for example. We propose different policies to handle the dynamic and stochastic version of the IRP. We perform an extensive computational analysis on randomly generated instances in order to compare several solution policies. Amongst other conclusions we show that it is possible to take advantage of stochastic information to generate better solutions albeit at the expense of more computing time. We also show that the use of a longer rolling horizon step does not help improve solutions. Inventory holding costs have a positive correlation with solution cost. Our experiments also demonstrate that higher safety stocks lower the solution costs since customers are covered against demand variations and require fewer visits. Finally, we show that ensuring consistent solutions over time increases the cost of the solutions much more under a dynamic environment than in a static setting.


Abstract. In this manuscript, we deal with three classes of quotient functions having fixed second coefficient described on open unit disk. The radius of strongly starlikeness, lemniscate starlikeness, lune starlikeness, parabolic starlikeness, sine starlikeness, exponential starlikeness and several other radius estimates for such classes are examined. Relevant relations of obtained radius estimates with the existing estimates are also discussed.


An air curtain system is one of the most effective devices to cut the energy loss in stead of conventional air conditioning system. Especially when it is applied to the chamber that needs circumstance to be controlled, it can bring up more energy conservation than any type of air conditioner. For those reasons, air curtain system is now highlighted from the point of energy saving and it would be expected as an effective method replacing conventional air conditioning. It was also reported that air curtain system has more advantages than typical air conditioner when it is installed in the cold storage. This study has dealt with field test results of air curtain system where it was attached with a large-size scale low-temperature warehouse in Korea. It was also clear that energy saving with the air curtain system has recorded above 30% of total electricity consumption compared to conventional refrigerating system and it also has area to be compensated for the future.


purified proteins, by which, the mechanism of a protein's activity and regulation
can be studied under controlled environments. Protein purification, therefore, is
the primary prerequisite for in vitro studies. Different approaches are being
adopted to purify a protein up to homogeneity, starting from cell lysis, by which
the whole cellular content is released into a solution forming 'cell lysate'. This is
then purified by different degrees of ultracentrifugation, precipitation of proteins
by 'salting out', various types of chromatographic, electrophoretic and
spectroscopic techniques involving different properties of the protein, etc.
Nowadays, the most popular and simplest way to obtain large amount of
sufficiently pure protein is genetic engineering, e. g., the 'his-tag' method.


It has become somewhat of a cliché to refer to May 1968 in France as an "interpretation in search of an event." As many critics have pointed out, this designation fails to account for the real significance of the "events," for the fact that May '68 was one of the largest mass movement in French history—numerically, geographically, and sociologically—and one of the most acute political crises in postwar France. Yet, to refer to May '68 as an interpretation does capture the extent to which the historiography of May '68 has appeared, almost from the beginning, indistinguishable from its history, or, as Kristin Ross has put it, the extent to which May '68 cannot be considered separately from its memory. At the risk of reducing some of these rich historiographical debates, we could say that, broadly speaking, two main issues have divided historians, philosophers, political theorists, and sociologists over the past forty years. The first has to do with the scope of the events, the degree to which the student leaders, the workers on strike, or the cultural legacy "mattered" more, or whether any of it mattered at all. The second line of contention has centered on the legacy of May '68. According to some, May '68 represented the acceleration of capitalism and modernization and it inaugurated an era of individualism and/or narcissism and political disengagement. In the eyes of these critics, '68 was thus ultimately a conservative, or at least a libertarian, revolution. According to others, this was instead a truly radical period—socially, culturally, and politically—and this radicalism began to run out of steam towards the late 1970s. Instead of revolution, many intellectuals who had participated in May '68 began to talk about ethics, morality, human rights, and the rule of law. Not surprisingly, commentators have once again differed on their reading of this "turn," either condemning it or celebrating it, depending on their political bent. This "condemning" position has been articulated particularly forcefully by Kristin Ross in her excellent May '68 and Its Afterlives. According to Ross, the "turn to ethics" marked a conscious "retreat from politics . . . that distorted not only May's ideology but much of its memory as well." Ross's book is thus devoted to the analysis of this political radicalism—a radicalism that she situates in the union of intellectual contestation and workers' struggle around what she calls "a polemics of equality"—and to the critique of its betrayal after 1976. On the other side of the spectrum, historians such as Tony Judt and Sunil Khilnani have praised this "ethical turn" as the moment in which French intellectuals were finally able to exorcise the (communist) revolutionary ideal that had haunted them throughout the twentieth century and to embrace liberalism.


Insulating oil in power transformer is subjected to the degradation because of the ageing,high temperature and chemical reactions such as oxidation.Thermal ageing of transformer oil is due to the degradation of insulating paper which contributes the moisture content in the oil
thus lowering the dielectric strength of the insulating oil.While,copper is widely used in transformer winding due to its better conductivity compared to aluminium,comparisons
between both conductors in thermal ageing is still fairly unclear.Hence,the aim of this project is to investigate the level of breakdown voltage and compare the level of moisture
content between transformer oil that is thermally aged with copper and aluminium.In this project,the influence of aluminium and copper in transformer oil is investigated under accelerated thermal stress.The methods in this project are based on past researches on how to aged transformer oil.The approach is by conducting thermal ageing under different temperature.The data obtained is analysed and compared which consists of the average
breakdown voltage and moisture content of each sample.The results reduction in breakdown voltage and moisture content are proportional to the temperature.It appears that samples with aluminium powder has a slightly lower breakdown voltage and a higher moisture content rather than the samples with copper powder.For future work,it is better to acquire an alloyed alumnium 6101 which is better than pure aluminium.


The invention relates to a method for producing a sensor system having two inductive sensors, comprising the steps of: - fixing a first coil and a second coil in a sensor housing in a first step 110 at a first time t0, - encapsulation of the coils in the sensor housing by a first potting compound in a second step 120 at a second time t2, - thermal burn-in in a third step 130 at a third time t5, - insertion of a circuit board in a fourth step 140 at a fourth time t8, - casting of the board in a fifth step 150 at a fifth time t9, wherein greater than t9 t8 t5 greater than greater than t2 is greater than t0.


We consider a sequence of optimal control problems with endpoint constraints and nonsmooth terminal costs for discretized systems. The goal is to obtain necessary optimality conditions in terms of the approximate maximum principle for discrete approximations with no convexity assumptions. We construct several striking examples on the violation of the approximate maximum principle for smooth and nonsmooth problems and then establish this principle in the new super differential form for ordinary and delay systems.


A fan charging device comprises a charger, a trigger and magnetic devices. The fan charging device is characterized in that a magnetic device is arranged at the edge of each fan blade of a fan, and the trigger is connected with the charger. When the fan is started, the fan blades rotate, the magnetic devices on the fan blades and the trigger are subjected to friction, electric energy generated by friction enters the charger, and a mobile phone can be charged by being inserted into a charging wire. The fan charging device has the advantages that by fan rotating speed, friction is converted into electric energy, and accordingly a mobile phone charging function is achieved.


In view of the advantages, such as the simplicity for understanding and high convergence rate of Electromagnetism-like Mechanism (EM) algorithm, an image retrieval algorithm based on improved EM is proposed in this paper. The novel algorithm assigns distinct weights to each block of the image, which represents the extent of human eyes' preference to different areas when recognizing this image. The Chaos Search (CS) is used in local search in order to prevent the retrieval process from falling into a local optimum leading to a premature convergence. A genetic coefficient is added to the updating formula so that the particles are more likely to move into other feasible regions. The experimental results demonstrate that the improved EM algorithm can figure out the best matching image rapidly and accurately.


In a recent issue of the Journal of Post Keynesian Economics (Winter 1979-80), Professor John M. Blatt attacks the standard Neumann-Morgenstern (hereafter N-M) theory of expected utility maximization by constructing an example which he feels that theory cannot properly handle. But it is the principal intent of the present exposition to show that the N-M theory can indeed handle the cited example correctly and in all generality. Essentially the problem with Blatt's analysis is that it is based on a common type of failure to understand what an N-M utility function means and how it differs from other sorts of "utility" or "value" functions. N-M theory does not propose maximization of the expected "utility" or "value" for these other sorts of functions, and hence an example where such maximization fails to work does not in any way negate the validity or generality of the N-M methodology.


Water lily plants are key group on study of the flowering plant phylogeny. The internal transcribed spacers (ITS) and the 5.8S coding region of nuclear ribosomal DNA (nrDNA) of seven taxa were sequenced to study molecular phylogeny and evolution of Nymphaeales sensu lato . The ITS phylogenetic trees were constructed based on the sequences and a combined data set with sequences from GenBank. The results obtained from ITS sequences also supported that the genus Ceratophyllum could be considered the ancestral group in the order, as the results of most molecular systematic studies.


An introduction to OCEAN – the big 5 personality types and traits Market research agencies and marketers often use the Big Five personality traits ...


Three-layer skin-equivalent models (rafts) were created consisting of a collagen/fibroblast layer and an air-exposed keratinocyte layer. Rafts were imaged with a tri-modality microscope including optical coherence (OC), two-photon excited fluorescence (TPEF), and second harmonic generation (SHG) channels. Some rafts were stained with Hoechst 33343 or rhodamine 123, and some were exposed to dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). OC microscopy revealed signal in cell cytoplasm and nuclear membranes, and a characteristic texture in the collagen/fibroblast layer. TPEF showed signal in cell cytoplasm and from collagen, and stained specimens revealed cell nuclei or mitochondria. There was little SHG in the keratinocyte layer, but strong signal from collagen bundles. Endogenous signals were severely attenuated in DMSO treated rafts; stained samples revealed shrunken and distorted cell structure. OC, TPEF, and SHG can provide complementary and non-destructive information about raft structure and effect of chemical agents.


Given the serious humanitarian crises encountered by the modern world, it is more crucial than ever to build a society based on solidarity, compassion, empathy, and a sense of teamwork and cooperation. This research provides insight into how the factors of personality traits, altruistic behaviors, and humanitarian actions can positively influence citizens' behavioral intentions, allowing for a deeper understanding of the motives behind charitable giving. To this end, a study was conducted with 332 Greek respondents, which used a special purpose questionnaire, including the HEXACO-24 questions and 13 additional questions, that addressed attitude towards advertisement, charitable giving, as well as the behavioral intention to donate. The findings add to current research by underlining the relevance of individuals' altruistic character, since our analysis revealed a statistically significant relationship between charitable giving and behavioral intention to donate. All HEXACO personality traits, excluding emotionality, demonstrated a statistically significant positive relationship with the attitude towards advertising, while none of the personality traits exhibited a statistically significant positive relationship with the concept of charitable giving, which calls for further investigation. Our findings also revealed that attitude towards an advertisement had no drastic effect on charitable giving and behavioral intention.


A procedure is formulated to investigate the sensitivity of surface reflectances retrieved from satellite sensor data to uncertainties in aerosol optical properties. Aerosol optical characteristics encompassed in the study include the Junge parameter (i.e., spectral dependence), the imaginary part of the refractive index (i.e., aerosol absorption), and the aerosol optical depth. Key results for a wavelength of 0.550 micrometers are presented graphically in terms of accuracy requirements on the aerosol property under consideration for a 5 uncertainty in predicted surface reflectance.


: The chemical composition of the essential oil obtained from the branches of Ocotea paranaensis was studied by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Twenty-seven compounds, comprising 94.82% of the total components, were identified. The oil showed relatively high concentration of sesquiterpenes (62.96%), oxygenated sesquiterpenes (33.33%), and diterpene (3.70%). Regarding the major compounds, Z-nerolidol (19.16%), germacrene D (12.92%) and α-bulnesene (8.47%) could be highlighted, which corresponded to 40.55% of the substances that were found. The essential oil from Ocotea paranaensis has phosphomolybdenum reducing action and is moderately toxic to the Artemia salina (LC 50 = 147.91 μg/mL). It showed haemolytic potential and moderate activity against Staphylococcus aureus , (minimum inhibitory concentration MIC = 250 µg/mL) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (MIC = 500 µg/mL). No satisfactory cytotoxicity results were observed in lineage H460 and HeLa.


IN 1963, the Town of New Harmony, Illinois, adopted a so-called "checkerboard ordinance," under which every residential building lot within its corporate limits was classified as either "N" or "W" pursuant to a plan permitting "N" property to be acquired and occupied only by Negroes and "W" property only by white persons. To classify the plot at the extreme north-east corner of New Harmony's corporate limits, the mayor flipped a coin at a public ceremony; with this as a base point, all other residential plots were thereupon designated, alternately, as "N" or "W". Public, commercial, industrial, recreational, institutional, and other nonresidential properties are not affected; but the residential areas of New Harmony are so laid out that the ordinance has produced in classification, and perhaps eventually would produce in practice, the "checker-board" from which it derived its popular name. New Harmony has no areas zoned for apartment houses or other multifamily dwellings, but the ordinance provides that should any be subsequently permitted, the apartments shall be alternately designated as "N" and "W". The ordinance accommodates persons who are neither Negro nor white by providing that, upon settling in New Harmony for the first time, such a person may acquire or occupy property regardless of designation, but thereafter he may not acquire or occupy property in the other category; and similar provision is made for parties to mixed marriages. Servants are not subject to the occupancy rules, but may live with the families for whom they work. Subterfuges to avoid the ordinance's restrictions, such as the acquisition of land through dummies and corporations, are forbidden. An administrative agency is vested with the power to waive any restriction on acquisition or occupancy in a case of extreme hardship.


The influences of the complex electro-magnetic environment on radar are analyzed in this paper.First,the existing technologies are classified to conventional methods and unconventionalities.The conventional methods refer to these all-purpose methods without pre-conditions on intelligence,while the unconventionalities aim at deceiving certain kinds of radar.And then,corresponding anti-jamming technologies are summarized and analyzed.At last,further research directions are prospected.


Spin-wave resonance has been observed at 9 GHz in thin films of Ni-Co alloys containing between 0 and 40% Co at temperatures between 4.2K and room temperature. The dispersion relationship, critical angle, linewidth and annealing results suggest that the surface spins are pinned by a surface layer about 100 AA thick. The exchange stiffness constant is found to have a value about a quarter of that obtained by other methods, namely approximately 100 meV A2.


This study aims to reduce the pollutant emission for improving the IAQ by finishing with natural materials. To investigate the concentration of pollutants such as Vocs, HCHO, both the chamber experiment and field measurement were conducted. The results of the study can be summarized as flows. (1) According to the chamber experiment of pollutant-emitting power of diatomite materials showed that VOCs and formaldehyde emission rates were lower and satisfied to the most on the HB Grade. (2) The field measurement of pollutant-emitting concentration of clay materials were lower 35% than other materials.(3) The Vocs and formaldehyde were most emitted from furnitures and the emission rate were found to be proportional to indoor air temperature. To control the emitted pollutants efficiently, the reasonable selection of finishing with natural materials are required.


Embodiments provided herein are directed to systems and methods of re-injecting vaporized flash refrigerant from an economizer into a two-stage compressor. The injection can be carried out through an injection port positioned after the first compression stage. The location of the injection may have a relatively low static refrigerant pressure. The injection port and/or an injection pipe of the economizer may be configured to pre-condition the vaporized flash refrigerant so that a flow velocity and/or direction of the vaporized flash refrigerant flow can be match a flow velocity and/or direction of the refrigerant in the refrigerant conduit.


We present an accurate and fast wave tracking method that uses parametric representations of tracked fronts, combined with modifications of levelset methods that use narrow bands. Our strategy generates accurate computation of the front curvature and other geometric properties of the front. We introduce data structures that can store discrete representations of the location of the moving fronts and boundaries, as well as the corresponding level set fields, that are designed to reduce computational overhead and memory storage. We present an algorithm we call Stack Sweeping to efficiently sort and store data that is used to represent orientable fronts. Our design and implementation feature two reciprocal procedures. The first is called forward "front parameterization" and constructs a parameterization of a front given a level-set field. The second is called a backwards "field construction", and constructs an approximation of the signed normal distance to the front, given a parameterized representation of the front. These reciprocal procedures are used to achieve and maintain high spatial accuracy. Close to the front, precise computation of the normal distance is carried out by requiring that displacement vector from grid points to the front be along a normal direction. For front curves in a two-dimensional level-set implementation, a cubic interpolation scheme is used and G surface parameterization based on triangular patches is constructed for the three dimensional level-set implementation to compute the distances from grid points near the front. For remote grid points in the band, a less accurate method is used for both implementations. Boundary conditions at wall and internal boundaries are implemented. We present examples from the resulting code to the applications of detonation shock dynamics and dendritic solidification.


This study reports on students' and teachers' perspectives on a programme designed to develop Erasmus students' intercultural understanding prior to going abroad. We aimed to understand how students and their teachers perceived pre-departure materials in promoting their awareness of key concepts related to interculturality (e.g., essentialism, stereotyping, otherising) during an intercultural education course for mobile students. Twenty pre-departure Erasmus undergraduate students from an Italian university, four teachers and one observer participated in the study. Seven hours of audio/video recordings of classroom discussions and teachers' retrospective narratives were analysed thematically. Although students initially subverted the goals of one of the tasks, they demonstrated foundations of intercultural thinking; followed by movement from self-interest to intercultural awareness of the other; and finally, developing intercultural awareness, supported through opportunities to express emotions/feelings and discussion and application of key concepts of interculturality. Teachers'/observer's perspectives confirmed the quality and flexibility of the materials in developing students' intercultural awareness. The findings suggest that pre-departure materials can help students to recognise variety and complexity in self and others in intercultural encounters. But students' primary needs for practical information should first be satisfied; interactive spaces for expressing emotion and feelings are important for understanding self and others; and scaffolding activities help students to understand intercultural concepts.


This is the biography of illustrators Jessie Wilcox Smith and Elizabeth Shippen Green, and Muralist Violet Oakley, who took over the Red Rose Inn, a picturesque estate on Philadelphia's Main Line. They made a pact to live together forever - until one of them created havoc by marrying.


The resurgence and advancement of artificial intelligence (AI) has spurred new research interests in applying or re-applying proven techniques from the 1990s to challenges in business and industry. The area of quality engineering and technology is particularly amenable to the application of AI techniques. Quality engineering programs are predicted on recurring quality projects that are made up of specific activities. The proper management of such activities is a precursor for the success of any quality program. This research paper explores the application of the proven technique of artificial neural network to activity networking in the management of quality programs.


Gymnostomiella has two species in the Neotropics and eastern Asia: G. longinervis (eastern Asia) and G. vernicosa (Neotropics and eastern Asia). Gymnostomiella orcuttii is a syn- onym of G. vernicosa.


Abstract The mechanisms are discussed which control the GPC elution of ionic solutes, both the polyelectrolytes and the low molecular salts. The processes involved are quite general and valid in organic and in aqueous solvents. The conclusion is that gel permeation chromatography is a powerfull method to characterize poly-electrolytes; and it is shown that the correct data on molecular weight distribution can be obtained when the ionic content in the eluent is larger than 5.10−2 M and when the concentration injected is lower than the critical overlapping concentration. The interpretation of chromatograms can be performed using the universal calibration and a viscosimetric detector.


In the title compound, C13H13N3O, the NNCO unit forms dihedral angles of 35.8 (1) and 84.0 (1)° with the benzene and phenyl rings, respectively. The dihedral angles between the aromatic rings is 61.2 (1)°. An intramolecular N—H⋯O hydrogen bond occurs. In the crystal, molecules are linked by weak N—H⋯O hydrogen bonds into C(4) chains parallel to the c axis. Neighbouring chains are linked by weak N—H⋯N hydrogen bonds, forming R 4 4(20) rings, and resulting in the formation of a two-dimensional network lying parallel to (010). The packing also features π–π stacking interactions between phenyl rings [centroid–centroid distance = 3.803 (2) Å].


The aim of the paper is to analyze current innovation trends
and teaching methods in the teaching of economically oriented
subjects at secondary schools, as well as to support
mathematical and statistical methods for the acquisition of a
response to applied changes in the educational process.
Correlational analysis is one of the methods of interference
statistics, which is currently one of the advanced mathematical
and statistical methods for evaluating empirical research as
well as applied innovation trends in the teaching of economic
subjects teachers at secondary schools.By using interference
statistics, teachers of economic subjects can evaluate the
response - satisfaction or dissatisfaction of students with
content innovation and learning curricula.


The inflammatory phase of wound healing performs vital acts of host defense, removing invading microorganisms and or devitalized tissue. Characterized by an infiltration of neutrophils and monocytes, within hours of injury inflammation begins to effectively clear the wound in a strictly regulated manner in preparation for the following stages of repair and regeneration.

Chronic wounds are varied in their etiology, resulting from many underlying pathologies. However, collectively they are often described as being in a persistent state of inflammation. Production of proinflammatory cytokines, proteinases and reactive oxygen species (ROS) in this unregulated manner can cause significant damage.

By stopping the action of proinflammatory cytokines, further recruitment of neutrophils may be diminished, helping to stop protease production at its source. Chronic wound dressings that are able to help interrupt the self- perpetuating process may help to create the optimal wound healing environment.

In this study we investigated the impact of silver and then an ORC/collagen matrix containing silver-ORC on the production of proinflammatory cytokines by lipopolysaccarhide (LPS) stimulated monocyte macrophages (THP-1 cells), an in vitro model of inflammation. The ability of the ORC/collagen matrix containing silver-ORC matrix to quench free radicals was also investigated.

Results show that the ORC/collagen matrix containing silver-ORC is capable of reducing the levels of proinflammatory cytokines. This dressing also has antioxidant activity, quenching ROS. These influences on the biochemistry of a chronic wound may have an antiinflammatory action, limiting the destruction of new tissue and promoting wound closure.


Occupational injuries are important health problems in Thailand and cause significant health impacts on workers, in addition to economic loss. Data was obtained and analyzed from National Injury Surveillance (NIS) System for describing epidemiology of agricultural injuries and from Workmen's Compensation Fund (WCF) statistics for identifying trends and characteristics of injuries and deaths in industrial and business workers during the period of 2002-2010. Results from NIS showed that 17,481 agricultural injuries were reported and accounted for 16.9% of all injuries, with 96 deaths (case fatality rate of 0.5 per 100 workers). Leading causes of occupational injuries were struck by thrown or falling object, fall from height and contact with agricultural machinery. Most cases occurred in the afternoon during 1-6 pm (44.2%). The WCF statistics revealed that rates of injuries among industrial workers had decreased from 31.4 per 1,000 workers in 2002 to 16.5 per 1,000 workers in 2010. Young workers aged 20-29 years old (46.4%) were more likely to get injured and die than that of other age groups. Puncture and penetrating wounds were the most common injuries (41.0-43.9%). Leading causes of deaths were vehicle accident, fall from height and unintentional electrocution. The outcomes of this study could be used to develop guideline and strategy on surveillance system and prevention of occupational injuries in Thailand.


The Finite Element Method (FEM) is a scheme that can approximate the solution of boundary value problems. We study the fundamentals of FEM and construct a MATLAB code to approximate the error of the solution for each refinement and compute the rate of convergence of this discretization. Then, we study the article of Bramble and Schatz [2] to construct MATLAB code to approximate better solution by averaging the FEM's solution.


Ideas about the dead who return after death are known to all Slavic peoples. In the Macedonian folk tradition, these beliefs are still widespread today. The most well-known are the ones about the vampires. This article aims to acquaint the reader with the language and plots of the household stories and tales (bylichkas) of dead men walking, once recorded by Marko Cepenkov, an outstanding collector of Macedonian folklore in the 19th century. For comparison, material is given from a collection of epic stories about vampires edited by L. Spirovska and T. Vražinovski, which was published at the end of the 20th century. Research by modern Balkan researchers who paid attention to this issue within the Macedonian language and culture is also examined in the article. Twenty first century field materials collected by the author are also included in this study. One can trace the dynamics of the development of the representations of the walking dead in the Macedonian cultural and linguistic territory. Over the past two centuries, the main motifs reflected in bylichkas have not changed. Among the most common are the noise and mess made at night, gluttony and dancing, sexual contact with a woman, vampire hunters, and so on. Globalisation and informatization did not cause the disappearance of such ideas from the life of modern villages. Not only is the belief in the walking dead preserved, but also the practice of exorcism. New technologies and medicines have been naturally introduced into the existing mythological environment and further reinforce the archaic representations of both the causes and ways of dealing with vampires.


Time-reversal-invariant topological superconductors have a full paring gap in the bulk and gapless Majorana states at the edge or on the surface. Here, we theoretically propose topological superconductivity in a doped quantum spin Hall insulator. We study the pairing symmetry of doped Sn$X$ film within a two-orbital model, and show that it realizes a topological superconductor when the intraorbital attractive interaction is stronger than the interorbital interaction, which is generic for a doped quantum spin Hall insulator with strong spin-orbit coupling. Edge channels are studied in a tight-binding model numerically. Finally, we discuss the possible topological superconductivity in Sn$X$ film by comparing to $3d$ superconductivity in bulk Sn.


In 1993, Azerbaijan was a country at war, suffering heavy human and economic losses. It was then the very example of a failing country in the post-soviet in the aftermath of the collapse of the USSR. More than 15 years after, it is one of the main energy partners of the European Union and is a leading actor in the Eurasian oil sector. How did such a change happen? How can Azerbaijan have become so important in the South Caucasian region in such a short notice? This paper will focus on the Azerbaijani oil transportation network. It will investigate how the Azerbaijani oil company SOCAR and the Azerbaijani presidency are progressively taking over this network, perceived as the main tool of the foreign policy of Azerbaijan. Dealing with the inner dynamics of the network, this paper will highlight the role of clanic and crony capitalist structures in the makings of a foreign policy and in the diversification of an emerging oil company.


Learning progressions (LPs) are theoretical models of learning trajectories in a domain. Recent policy reports have touted LPs as a promising approach to align standards, curriculum, and assessment. However, the scholarship on LPs is sparse, and the jury is still out on the theoretical and practical value of this approach. To realize any potential of LPs we need to systematically validate and refine these hypothetical models in real-world contexts. Such validation efforts are challenging, as they require the coordination of messy empirical data with, often, under-specified theoretical models. In this paper we report on our efforts to validate a genetics LP through a two-year longitudinal study in middle school. We describe how we used interview data to refine the hypothesized levels of progression in our LP and to identify contingencies between constructs (big ideas) within our LP. We conclude with some tentative heuristics for coordinating data and LP models.


Several things must be considered in implementing disaster management: fast, precise and priority. However, apart from that, several things hinder the implementation of budget allocations for disaster management activities, so they do not run optimally. This study aims to analyze the implementation of the budget allocation for disaster management in Garut Regency and the factors that hinder and support it by using George C. Edwards III's theory of policy implementation. The method used is descriptive qualitative with data collection techniques using interviews, literature studies on laws and regulations and other related documents. The analysis technique used is data reduction, data presentation and conclusion drawing. The results showed that implementing the disaster management budget allocation in Garut Regency had been carried out by the applicable laws and regulations. This is supported by communication factors and good attitude of implementers, complete Standard Operating Procedures, smooth coordination with other agencies and several resources that have been met. Unfulfilled resources are staff shortages in terms of quantity but this can be overcome with good cooperation in overcoming them. In addition, there are several external factors that affect the implementation of the budget in Garut Regency which are beyond the control of the government, for this reason, government innovation is needed to overcome this.


Portfolio Analysis Tool (PAT) is a Web-based, client/server computer program that helps managers of multiple projects funded by different customers to make decisions regarding investments in those projects. PAT facilitates analysis on a macroscopic level, without distraction by parochial concerns or tactical details of individual projects, so that managers decisions can reflect the broad strategy of their organization. PAT is accessible via almost any Web-browser software. Experts in specific projects can contribute to a broad database that managers can use in analyzing the costs and benefits of all projects, but do not have access for modifying criteria for analyzing projects: access for modifying criteria is limited to managers according to levels of administrative privilege. PAT affords flexibility for modifying criteria for particular "focus areas" so as to enable standardization of criteria among similar projects, thereby making it possible to improve assessments without need to rewrite computer code or to rehire experts, and thereby further reducing the cost of maintaining and upgrading computer code. Information in the PAT database and results of PAT analyses can be incorporated into a variety of ready-made or customizable tabular or graphical displays.


A new large area βdetector has been designed and studied. The design includes wedge-shaped light transducers. A composite material based on a small crystalline ZnSe(Te) was applied onto the wide surface of light transducer. This design ensures optimum light collection from the large sensitive surface onto the output window of a much smaller size. An experimental specimen has been prepared, which showed a β-sensitivity Cβ=5.5 cm. The spectrograms of a Sr+Y β-source obtained with the specimen under study make it possible to evaluate the age of the source by the ratio of lowand high-energy regions of the spectrum. Other designs are proposed for application of large-area detectors possessing wedge-shaped light transducers as elements of assembled constructions for high efficiency detectors operating under flow conditions. PACS numbers: 29.40.-n, 07.77


In her Discourse on Happiness, Émilie du Châtelet argues susceptibility to illusion is one of the five 'great machines of happiness,' and that 'we owe most of our pleasures to illusions' (2009: 349). However, many who read the Discourse find this aspect of her view puzzling and in tension with her claims that we must always seek truth and obey reason. To understand better her claims in the Discourse on Happiness, this article explores Du Châtelet's discussions of illusions in her Foundations of Physics, On Liberty, and the Dissertation on the Nature and Propagation of Fire. I distinguish four types of illusions that Du Châtelet posits and clarify the ways in which these relate to her views on happiness and love in the Discourse and argue that she avoids deceptive or perpetual illusions of happiness through the use of the principle of sufficient reason.


The purpose of this study was to examine students enrolled at community colleges and universities in North Carolina about their perceptions of their college preparation experiences. The study specifically examined student perceptions as to the role that high school teachers high school counselors parents and college admissions and recruiting staff played in their college preparation experience. Gender race high school course of study level of first English course and level of first mathematics course served as independent variables. Results indicate that students enrolled in the College/University Prep course of study while in high school perceived their high school teachers had significant influence on their preparation for college compared to students enrolled in the College Tech Prep Career Prep or Occupational Prep course of study. Although not statistically significant students enrolled in a curriculum level mathematics course as the first level college mathematics course felt their high school teachers had a greater influence on their college preparation when compared to their peers enrolled in developmental/remedial mathematics. The same trend was found when examining the influence of high school counselors. Students enrolled in a curriculum level mathematics course as the first level of mathematics course felt their high school counselors had a greater influence on  their college preparation when compared to their peers enrolled in developmental/remedial mathematics. Finally students enrolled in curriculum level English as their first level of English course also felt their high school counselors had a greater influence on their college preparation when compared to their peers enrolled in developmental/remedial English. Students believe parents and college admissions and recruiting staff played a minimal role in their college preparation. Generalizations from this study can be used by administrators in higher education to analyze the situation of college preparation identify areas of needed change and adopt new strategies to increase college readiness. The findings can assist educational leaders legislators and policymakers in increasing the communication between secondary and postsecondary institutions regarding expectations of high school graduates in writing educational policies and in assisting students in the transition from high school to college.


In 1973 the activities therapy department at the Yale Psychiatric Institute began to organize and present plays before public audiences to help increase contact between patients and community members. Both patients and staff were anxious about opening the performances to the public; however, the first two plays were quite successful, and no serious disruptions occurred. When a third play was in rehearsal, the cast decided that it should be performed outside the hospital. the primary purpose of rehearsals, as well as separate weekly meetings with the director, was to provide a group identity that help the cast deal with their fears and anxieties. The outside performance, at a state hospital a hundred miles away, was well received and gave the cast a sense of achievement and increased self-esteem.


The brainstem locus coeruleus (LC), the main source of brain norepinephrine (NE), is critically involved in several functions including wakefulness, vigilance, attention, learning and memory. LC functioning is firing pattern‐dependent. Phasic pattern promotes novelty and learning, while high tonic activity associates with stress and anxiety. LC has been identified as a key structure in Alzheimer's disease (AD) development. Braak and colleagues propose that soluble abnormally phosphorylated tau (pretangle tau) originates in the LC early in life. The spreading of pretangle tau to other neuromodulatory areas and transentorhinal cortex constitutes Braak's pretangle AD stages. Pretangle stages appear to be universal in human, however, only a portion of us develop AD. The selective vulnerability of individuals for AD is not understood. We hypothesized that differential LC activity patterns, influence the pretangle tau pathophysiology and the development of AD.


Quality education is an indispensable element for the successful implementation of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, as it equips all children with the essential skills to promote sustainable development within the context of their lifestyles, in line with the fourth Sustainable Development Goal (SDG4). This will have to be an innovative education, not only in the contents and guidelines to be followed but also in the educational strategies and resources to be used. This article aims to present and describe the methodology used to develop the digital educational resource (DER) "Sustainability at Play," a serious game intended for primary education and based on the concept of the ecological footprint. This DER was developed through educational design research (EDR) by a multidisciplinary team within a project to create Digital Educational Resources for Primary Education. The EDR approach was organized in four phases—Phase I—Problem Analysis, Phase II—Exploration of Possible Solutions, Phase III—Design, and Phase IV—Reflection—allowing for an iterative DER development process shared by different participants (researchers, illustrators, web designers, primary school teachers and students). As a result, this study enabled not only the development of an innovative DER to work on issues related to education for sustainability in primary school but also the understanding and validation of the suitability of the EDR methodology for the development of this type of educational resource.


Horava-Lifshitz gravity, a recent proposal for a UV-complete renormalizable gravity theory, may lead to a bouncing cosmology. In this article we argue that Horava-Lifshitz cosmology may yield a concrete realization of the matter bounce scenario and thus give rise to an alternative to inflation for producing a scale-invariant spectrum of cosmological perturbations. In this scenario, quantum vacuum fluctuations exit the Hubble radius in the prebounce phase, and the spectrum is transformed into a scale-invariant one on super-Hubble scales before the bounce because the long wavelength modes undergo squeezing of their wave functions for a longer period of time than shorter wavelength modes. The scale invariance of the spectrum of curvature fluctuations is preserved during and after the bounce. A distinctive prediction of this scenario is the amplitude and shape of the bispectrum.


This diploma thesis presents an analysis of multiple choice questions in the elementary school physics competition.. It presents the history and popularisation of the competition. In detail I examined three school years and three rather extensive topics: buoyancy, force and motion. I also compared the successfulness of problem solving and analysed the effectiveness of responses. Based on statistical data I concluded that there was no significant progress in problem solving through the years. I found out that competitors are solving motion related problems fundamentally better than those related to buoyancy and forces which I attribute to different levels of difficulty. I created a graph for every exercise from the elementary school physics competitions from years 2004, 2007 and 2008 from which it is evident if possible solutions are given in a manner to differentiate between successful and less successful competitors. With some exercises the difference was clearly seen, but with others it was not, which can indicate that the majority of competitors were solving that specific problem with speculation. Considering the effectiveness of distractors, the test problems from the 2004 competition were good, while the ones from 2008 were mostly easily solvable.


An ecological perspective toward intervention recognizes the relevance of multiple influences and contexts on intervention with a given population. Ecological issues in psychotherapy with Arab American women would include both macro system issues such as historical events, internal and external culture, societal beliefs and stigmas and micro system issues such as family dynamics and community participation. The intersections of these systemic issues are also addressed in this article.


The velocity of propagation of the luminous detail in a plasma jet was determined by the time required for transit between photomultiplier stations at different axial positions of an expanded plasma jet. The measurements were synchronized with power supply ripple to eliminate this as a random perturbation.It is found that the luminous fluctuations travel at two velocities. The slower fluctuations move with nearly the calculated speed of the jet and may therefore be ascribed to temperature or possibly composition fluctuations while the (much) faster fluctuations travel with jet speed plus local sonic velocity and are evidently pressure waves.


A radio communication method includes a first step of placing a plurality of second slave transceiver to a location that is spatially separated one from the step, wherein the first plurality of slave transceivers to place multiple slave transceiver to the area in the area . The method also includes generating the first and second plurality of steps and the response to each of the first and second slave signal it receives at the slave transceiver, a reverse radio frequency (RF) generated by the mobile transceiver in the area the step further comprises. The method also to the BTS to recover the information contained in the steps and the the reverse RF signal generated by the local routing to a base transceiver station (BTS) in the area outside to separate the first and second slave signals further comprising the step of processing the first and second slave signal transmission.