The complexity of the field of mathematics makes the study of any associated learning disability daunting. In theory, a mathematical learning disability can result from deficits in the ability to represent or process information used in one or all of the many areas of mathematics (e.g., arithmetic and geometry), or in one or a set of individual domains (e.g., theorems vs. graphing) within each of these areas (Russell & Ginsburg, 1984). One approach that can be used to focus the search for any such learning disability (LD) is to apply the models and methods used to study mathematical development in academically normal children to the study of children with poor achievement in mathematics (e.g., Geary & Brown, 1991). Unfortunately, for most mathematical domains, such as geometry and algebra, not enough is known about the normal development of the associated competencies to provide a systematic framework for the study of LD. Theoretical models and experimental methods are, however, sufficiently well developed in the areas of number, counting, and simple arithmetic to provide such a framework {Briars & Siegler, 1984; Geary, 1994; Gelman & Meck, 1983; Siegler, 1996; Siegler & Shrager,1984). The use of these models and methods to guide the study of children with LD has revealed a consistent pattern of cognitive strengths and weaknesses. These studies suggest that most children with LD are normal (i.e., performance is similar to academically normal peers) or only slightly delayed in the development of number concepts (Geary, Hamson, & Hoard, 2000; GrossTsur, Manor, & Shalev, 1996). At the same time, several studies have shown that many children with LD do not understand certain counting concepts (Geary, Bow-Thomas, & Yao, 1992; Geary, Hoard, & Hamson, 1999), and many studies have revealed that these children have a variety of deficits in simple arithmetic (Ackerman & Dykman, 1995; Barrouillet, Fayol, & Lathuli (re, 1997; Bull & Johnston, 1997; Garnett, & Fleischner, 1983; Geary, Brown, & Samaranayake, 1991; Geary, Widaman, Little, & Cormier, 1987; Jordan & Hanich, 2000; Jordan, Levine, & Huttenlocher, 1995; Jordan & Montani, 1997; Ostad, 1997, 1998a; Rasanen & Ahonen, 1995; Rourke, 1993; Svenson & Broquist, 1975). The deficits in the basic arithmetical competencies of children with LD (hereafter, arithmetical disability, or AD) have been found


The purpose of this single case study was to examine the significant personal, social, and environmental elements influencing effective second-year implementation of a specific school reform initiative, Positive Behavior Supports, in one alternative high school in southwestern Michigan. Data were collected in the form of artifacts, observations, surveys and interviews. All surveys and interviews were conducted by third-party assistants in the fall of 2009. The survey and interview data were provided to the researcher only after all identifying information had been removed so that the anonymity of participants was protected. Multiple theoretical frameworks were employed in the analysis of the data, including the Concerns-Based Adoption Model (CBAM; George, Hall, & Stiegelbauer, 2006); Bolman and Deal's (2003) structural frame, human resource frame, political frame, and symbolic frame; Schein's (2004) theories on organizational culture; and Van Maanen and Schein's (1979) Theory of Organizational Socialization. The study found that following the second year of Positive Behavior Supports implementation, the staff of the alternative high school remained confident in the effectiveness of the reform initiative; however, most staff were unable to evolve the program into more sophisticated forms. The reasons for this inability to advance the initiative included the need for additional training (for both new as well as veteran staff members), the lack of necessary financial resources to adequately support the program, the lack of time for planning and reflection coupled with the competing demands of other activities and expectations (most notably, the Michigan Merit Curriculum), and apprehension regarding effective collaboration with peers. Furthermore, the study found


How can a media center be organized to best serve a continuous-progress curriculum? This writer offers some suggestions that have worked in his school.


Jack, a kind of light small lifting equipment, is often used in emergency rescue. But the jack usually cannot pass through a narrow gap to pry up the heavy objects because of it's height. This leads the rescue time too long,threatening the lives of trapped people. In order to solve this problem and expand the use of the Jack, a portable jack hoisting device was developed applies to the field of narrow space rescue work, which has compact structure, light weight, small volume, easy to carry, and requires no installation height.


The CFD General Notation System (CGNS) standard has grown significantly since its first public release in May 1998. The Standard Interface Data Structures (SIDS) and corresponding Application Programming Interface (API) have been extended to support unstructured analysis data and geometry-to-mesh association. Several other extensions are currently under review: rigid grid motion, deforming grid, timeaccurate and iterative data, chemistry, multigrid, rotating coordinate systems, periodic boundary conditions, wall functions, 2D axisymmetry and Cartesian data. In parallel with the growth of the CGNS standard, the CGNS governing body has evolved into an independent entity and established its own charter. Efforts have also been undertaken to promote CGNS as the ISO standard for the recording of aerodynamic data. This paper reviews the progress made by CGNS over the past eighteen months. It first describes the technical advances in the CGNS database standard, followed by an overview of the new CGNS organization. Then the status of the CGNS in the ISO standardization process is presented, as well as a review of implementation and dissemination of CGNS.


Rapid accession does not seem to be an attainable goal for all candidate countries in the short term. So the EU needs to take two steps to keep the enlargement process sustainable and transparent. First, Brussels has to offer a clear, gradual time schedule to the candidates that are not in the first wave of enlargement, at the latest, at the time when the date of the first enlargement is set. Secondly, the principle of partial membership has to be applied in practice as well. This approach has to be clearly differentiated from 'second-class membership', which would be unacceptable to the candidate countries for political, economic and psychological reasons. Partial membership means that some candidate countries would participate in some community actions and programmes as full members, while in other areas they still did not qualify for membership. Already today, there is a good example of this, in the participation of candidate countries in the EU's fifth R & D framework programme. It is very likely that the new Schengen borders of the EU may be based on the same approach. The EU maturity of some candidate countries will develop at a slower (or much slower) pace than the requirements for a European security policy, which results fundamentally from growing social and public pressure within the current EU member-states. So overcoming this 'time gap' may call for some innovative concepts. Membership of the Schengen framework by the Baltic States, Bulgaria and Romania could save the EU (and most of the first-wave candidate countries) a lot of money. In geographical terms, it could extend the security borders of Europe, while stabilizing the part of Central and Eastern Europe that could otherwise be divided by an enlargement in different stages. The solution to this danger is not to delay the membership of all candidates, but to develop transitional plans based on clear timing. That is the only way to guarantee the stability of the region and strengthen the cooperation among the countries and peoples of Central and Eastern Europe.


Objective To explore the clinical effect of mixed liquor of brufen and diazepam used for little children with febrile convulsion.Methods 82 cases of little children with febrile convulsion as studied object were randomly divided into experimental group and control group.Two groups were given treatment of mixed liquor of brufen and diazepam,control group were taken by intravenous injection,and experimental group were taken by rectal administration.Results Time of temperature dropping and time of convulsion releasing in experimental group were significantly less than in control group(all P0.01);side-actions was lower,effective rate was higher,but no significant difference(all P0.05).Conclusion Mixed liquor of brufen and diazepam used for little children with febrile convulsion,shows high safety and effect,so it deserved considering in clinical work.


An embedded optical fiber was used to measure the strain in a composite laminate. Strain was deduced from the induced propagation delay as measured by radio-frequency optical interferometry. The output of the optical sensor was found to follow the actual integrated average strain with some fluctuations which are attributed to polarization effects.


In this essay, we discuss some Darcy Ribeiro's conceptions about brazilian ethnic basis that form the Utopia Selvagem romance's characters. We consider the author don't leave the anthropological view when he write his narrative. Our reflection is based on assumptions developed by this anthropologue in O povo brasileiro: a formacao e o sentido do Brasil.


AbstractAsphalt pavement properties (strength, durability, bearing capacity, etc.) are considerably affected by environmental conditions. Because of this fact, regions with severe climates (high thermal gradients, abundant precipitation, presence of freeze-thaw cycles, solar radiation, etc.) have serious problems in maintaining the functional integrity of these infrastructures. Thus, it is necessary to develop new materials that could extend the service life of these pavements without increasing the construction costs. Accordingly, the present paper studies the improvement of the mechanical performance of high-modulus asphalt mixtures through the addition of acrylic fibers, for their use under severe environmental conditions. For this purpose, different tests were carried out [thermal stress restrained specimen test, immersed wheel-tracking test, freeze-thaw sensitivity test, and UGR-FACT (University of Granada-Fatigue Asphalt Cracking Test)] under variable conditions (simulating cold and hot scenarios). ...


In this paper we have obtained the distribution of concomitant of order statistics for Bivariate Pseudo-Exponential distribution. The expression for moments has also been obtained. We have found that only the fractional moments of the distribution exist. The tables for survival function and hazard function has also been obtained.


In this paper we present an analysis of the theory of the energy deposition of ions in cold materials and hot dense plasmas together with numerical calculations for heavy and light ions of interest to ion-beam fusion. We have used the g-smcapso-smcapsr-smcapsg-smcapso-smcapsn-smcaps computer code of Long, Moritz, and Tahir (which is an extension of the code originally written for protons by Nardi, Peleg, and Zinamon) to carry out these calculations. The energy-deposition data calculated in this manner has been used in the design of heavy-ion-beam-driven fusion targets suitable for a reactor, by its inclusion in the m-smcapse-smcapsd-smcapsu-smcapss-smcapsa-smcaps code of Christiansen, Ashby, and Roberts as extended by Tahir and Long. A number of other improvements have been made in this code and these are also discussed. Various aspects of the theoretical analysis of such targets are discussed including the calculation of the hydrodynamic stability, the hydrodynamic efficiency, and the gain. Various different target designs have been used, some of them new. In general these targets are driven by Bi/sup +/ ions of energy 8--12 GeV, with an input energy of 4--6.5 MJ, with output energies in the range 600--900 MJ, and with gains in the range 120--180. The peak powers are more » in the range of 500--750 TW. We present detailed calculations of the ablation, compression, ignition, and burn phases. By the application of a new stability analysis which includes ablation and density-gradient effects we show that these targets appear to implode in a stable manner. Thus the targets designed offer working examples suited for use in a future inertial-confinement fusion reactor. « less


The discovery of spatial information on the Web is challenged by the many approaches to organizing and presenting it for search. Conventions for searching or navigating collections of information on the Web are almost as personal and unique as the Web authors who create them. Because there are few rules in the creation of Internet information sites, and because the number of these sites is increasing exponentially, the discovery of specialized, highly structured information - such as spatial information - is especially difficult. Communities that require or generate imagery, cartographic, and thematic spatial data usually manage their information in highly structured ways, but the organizing structures are not standardized. Inventories whose descriptive content is dynamic are often stored in a database, opaque to systematic web crawler searches. The use of full-text search engines and, even more recently, meta tags of keywords inside HTML (HyperText Markup Language) documents often falls short of imparting the contents of spatial data collections. The OpenGIS Consortium (OGC) is in the process of defining implementable, interoperable spatial data catalogs that can be used to discover spatial data holdings in different data computing environments and across and within information communities. Spatial data catalogs have been around for many years, exemplified by product-specific image catalogs managed by remote sensing organizations. Unfortunately, there is little interoperability among spatial data catalogs, requiring the user or agent to traverse and translate many different user interfaces to locate relevant spatial data. In a broadly interoperable environment, a network of generic clients and servers could be built to enable global discovery of spatial data. As high-level software interfaces are standardized across disparate spatial data collections, access to them may be provided through reasonably lightweight gateway software, building up super-collections across and within information communities defined by discipline, geography, or cross-discipline interests.


This paper presents a methodology for levee damage detection based on Unmanned Aerial System (UAS) data. In this experiment, the data were acquired from the UAS platform, which was equipped with a laser scanner and a digital RGB (Red, Green, Blue) camera. Airborne laser scanning (ALS) point clouds were used for the generation of the Digital Terrain Model (DTM), and images were used to produce the RGB orthophoto. The main aim of the paper was to present a methodology based on ALS and vegetation index from RGB orthophoto which helps in finding potential places of levee failure. Both types of multi-temporal data collected from the UAS platform are applied separately: elevation and optical data. Two DTM models from different time periods were compared: the first one was generated from the ALS point cloud and the second DTM was delivered from the UAS Laser Scanning (ULS) data. Archival and new orthophotos were converted to Green-Red Vegetation Index (GRVI) raster datasets. From the GRVI raster, change detection for unvegetation ground areas was analysed using a dynamically indicated threshold. The result of this approach is the localisation of places, for which the change in height correlates with the appearance of unvegetation ground. This simple, automatic method provides a tool for specialist monitoring of levees, the critical objects protecting against floods.


Abstract Objectives. To improve education and information for general practitioners in relation to rational antibiotic prescribing for urinary tract infection (UTI), it is important to be aware of GPs' views of resistance and how it influences their choice of UTI treatment. The aim of this study was to explore variations in views of resistance and UTI treatment decisions among general practitioners (GPs) in a county in Sweden. Design. Qualitative, semi-structured interviews were analysed with a phenomenographic approach and content analysis. Setting. Primary care in Kronoberg, a county in southern Sweden. Subjects. A purposeful sample of 20 GPs from 15 of 25 health centres in the county. Main outcome measures. The variation of perceptions of antibiotic resistance in UTI treatment. How UTIs were treated according to the GPs. Results. Three different ways of viewing resistance in UTI treatment were identified. These were: (A) No problem, I have never seen resistance, (B) The problem is bigger somewhere else, and (C) The development of antibiotic resistance is serious and we must be careful. Moreover, GPs' perceptions of antibiotic resistance were mirrored in how they reported their treatment of UTIs in practice. Conclusion. There was a hierarchal scale of how GPs viewed resistance as an issue in UTI treatment. Only GPs who expressed concerns about resistance followed prescribing guidelines completely. This offers valuable insights into the planning and most likely the outcome of awareness or educational activities aimed at changed antibiotic prescribing behaviour.


The growth and differentiation of plant cells is intimately linked with the synthesis and deposition of wall polymers as cells divide, elongate, and assume their mature form and function. This chapter reviews the essential features of wall polymer synthesis and wall formation with an emphasis on more developments. Polysaccharides are the major components of all plant walls ingested by ruminants. The chapter summarizes the pathways for monosaccharide synthesis and their activation to the precursors for polysaccharide synthesis. It deals with co- and postpolymerization modifications to wall polysaccharides. The synthesis of biopolymers, including polysaccharides, involves a series of highly coordinated events that begins with chain initiation, continues through chain extension and ends with chain termination. The chapter also reviews the details of the biosynthesis of cutin and suberin. The production, deposition, and assembly of wall polymers into the three-dimensional wall structure is a result of a highly coordinated series of intracellular and extracellular events.


Whether your organization has health information technologies (HIT) in place today or preparations for meaningful use are just beginning, the time is now to understand your environment, locate where patient information exists today and prioritize your needs.


Renewable energies are in the news these days and are seen as a solution to endorse energy independence and diminish greenhouse releases. One possible new renewable source that is emerging as a promising technology is the fuel cell. The 'F.C' is an electrochemical system that transfers the chemical power of a redox response into electrical energy with simultaneous production of water and heat. In fact, there are numerous kinds of fuel cells; in our work we are interested in studying the solid oxide fuel cellSOFC. In the context of this work, a modeling tool has been implemented SOFCs to the analogy between the electrical, thermal and chemical domains; this way of proceeding constitutes a simple, evolutionary and efficient tool. Using this modeling, a simulation was carried out in order to obtain the dissimilar characteristics and the impact of the studied parameters on the performance of the SOFC fuel cell.


SummaryThe process of spermatogenesis was investigated in 35 diploid honeybee drone pupae and compared with that in 15 haploid pupae. Altogether 25 013 chromosomes were counted, and 1200 measurements were made of cells in different stages of spermatogenesis. The spermatocytes of the diploids contained twice as many chromosomes and were twice as large as those of the haploids. The chromosomes did not pair or separate during metaphase I (prometaphase), when only a cytoplasmic bud was formed. The chromatids separated during metaphase II, and in anaphase a diploid set of chromosomes was visible. Only one spermatid and one polar body with chromatin were formed from one spermatocyte. Both the nucleus of the spermatid and the polar body were twice as large as in the haploids. The process of spermatogenesis in diploids was very similar to that in the haploids, with no reduction of the number of chromosomes, and thus the diploid drones produced diploid spermatozoa. This was probably caused by the homozygosity of t...


—Large and comprehensive phylogenetic trees are desirable for studying macroevolutionary processes and for classiŽcation purposes. Such trees can be obtained in two different ways. Either the widest possible range of taxa can be sampled and used in a phylogenetic analysis to produce a "big tree," or preexisting topologies can be used to create a supertree. Although large multigene analyses are often favored, combinable data are not always available, and supertrees offer a suitable solution. The most commonly used method of supertree reconstruction, matrix representation with parsimony (MRP), is presented here. We used a combined data set for the Poaceae to (1) assess the differences between an approach that uses combined data and one that uses different MRP modiŽcations based on the character partitions and (2) investigate the advantages and disadvantages of these modiŽcations. Baum and Ragan and Purvis modiŽcations gave similar results. Incorporating bootstrap support associated with pre-existing topologies improved Baum and Ragan modiŽcation and its similarity with a combined analysis. Finally, we used the supertree reconstruction approach on 55 published phylogenies to build one of most comprehensive phylogenetic trees published for the grass family including 403 taxa and discuss its strengths and weaknesses in relation to other published hypotheses. [Matrix representation with parsimony; phylogeny; Poaceae; supertree.] Comprehensive and well-resolved phylogenetic trees that contain, when possible, estimates of divergence dates underpin comparative biology and allow powerful tests of a wide range of hypotheses (Felsenstein, 1985; Harvey and Pagel, 1991; Pagel, 1999). Phylogenetic trees representing a large sample of taxa are also preferred to those based on limited numbers of taxa for classiŽcation purposes and for studying character evolution. Two different approaches can be used to obtain comprehensive phylogenetic trees. The Žrst uses characters gathered from the widest possible range of taxa directly in an analysis to produce a "big tree." In this approach, phylogenetic analyses of true biological characters, either molecular or phenotypic (e.g., morphological), are performed, and the meaning of the evolutionary hypotheses underlining these characters can be interpreted. The second is the meta-analysis approach (Arnqvist and Wooster, 1995) used in supertree-building methods. The underlying idea of these methods is to combine the topologies (or source trees) resulting from multiple phylogenetic studies (Sanderson et al., 1998), rather than their respective biological data sets, to produce a supertree. Matrix elements derived directly from these published topologies, and for which no real phylogenetic interpretation can be obtained, represent the characters that areused to build the supertree or composite phylogenetic tree (Bininda-Emonds and Bryant, 1998). Although consensus techniques also workon topologies to produce a summarized phylogenetic tree, supertree reconstruction has the advantageof not requiring identical terminal taxa sets. Only overlapping sets are needed, which allows the method to produce more comprehensive phylogenies than the original ones. A recent theoretical study (Hillis, 1996) suggested that large phylogenetic trees can be easier to analyze than previously thought, and empirical analyses have demonstrated that large, combined, multigene analyses can correctly infer large trees (Soltis et al., 1999, 2000; Savolainen et al., 2000). Because "big trees" may not be as easy to construct as suggested by these studies (Kim, 1996; Purvis and Quick, 1997a, b; Yang and Goldman, 1997) and because combinable data are not always available, the use of composite phylogenies to study evolutionary patterns is one of the few choices left to the investigators. However, choosing between the various supertree methods is not a straightforward task. Two basic algorithms have been developed for supertree reconstruction. The strict


2,2-Dialkylpropionaldehydes I I where R1 and R2 are each C1-C4-alkyl, are prepared by hydroformylation of 1,1-dialkylethylenes II II with cobalt carbonyl complexes, entailing (a) carrying out the reaction in the presence of water-containing solvents in which water is soluble or at least partially soluble, with the water content of the reaction mixture being from 0.1 to 20% by weight, or (b) carrying out the reaction in the presence of a lactone which can have one or more C1-C4-alkyl substituents, or of an aliphatic or cycloaliphatic sulfone.


S>The dependence of energy gap in superconductors on static magnetic fields was derived in a gage-invariant way from the theory of Bardeen, Cooper, and Schrieffer. It was shown that the gap width decreases with magnetic field approaching the critical value. Optimum conditions were discussed for the observation of such an effect. The decrease in gap width was calculated for two superconductors, aluminum and tin, and it was shown that for a film thickness of 10-/sup 4/ to 10-/sup 5/ cm, the effect can be large enough to be observable. (auth)


We analytically demonstrate a quantum memory based on coherence transfer for manipulating quantum states of photons interacting with a macroscopic medium. The present quantum memory has potential for quantum information and communications using entanglement storage and retrieval. Using this technique the quantum coherent control of a quantum state is effectively possible by simply varying the classical laser parameters.


A suitable technique for the rearing of brinjal shoot and fruit borer, Leucinodes orbonalis Guen.on natural food under laboratory conditions was initially developed. Adults, confined in a glass jar, were fed with five per cent honey solution. By covering the open end of the glass rearing jar first by muslin and then by markin cloth provided the maximum number of eggs. The honey solution treated with 0.01 g sorbic acid and 0.02 g methyl parahydroxybenzoate per 10 ml honey solution was effective in checking the fungal growth on cotton swab. Maximum hatching of eggs was observed at 29°C and 60 per cent relative humidity. Eight-day dried long and oblong brinjal fruits supported more than 75 per cent larval survival from its first instar up to adult emergence. A semi-synthetic diet was developed for the larvae of L. orbonalis. The basal semi-synthetic diet consisting of kabuli gram flour, yeast, ascorbic acid, sorbic acid, methyl parahydroxy benzoate, formaldehyde, agar and water was modified by using black gram flour instead of kabuli gram flour, fortified with Wesson's salt mixture, vitamins of B group and offered in rectangular cut pieces for the rearing of L. orbonalis larvae.


Type IV shock-wave-interference heating on a blunt body causes extremely intense heating over a very localized region of the body. This paper presents an analytical solution to a heat-transfer problem that approximates the shock-wave-interference heating of an engine cowl leading edge of the National Aero-Space Plane. The problem uses a simplified geometry to represent the leading edge. An analytical solution is developed that provides a means for approximating maximum temperature differences between the outer- and inner-surface temperatures of the leading edge. The solution is computationally efficient and, as a result, is well suited for conceptual and preliminary design or trade studies. Transient and steady-state analyses are conducted, and results obtained from the analytical solution are compared with results of two-dimensional thermal-finite-element analyses over a wide range of design parameters. Isotropic materials as well as laminated composite materials are studied. Results of parametric studies are presented to indicate the effects of the thickness of the cowl leading edge and the width of the region heated by the shock-wave interference on the thermal response of the leading edge. Finally, a nondimensional temperature parameter is developed that is useful in evaluating the effects of several design parameters on the thermal response of the leading edge.


The technique of ultraviolet reflection ratio measurement is modified from the traditional albedo measurement in order to compensate for unusual inflation of the reflection ratio found previously in non-horizontal surface ultraviolet reflection studies. Data collected to test this method of reflection ratio collection show that there is significant reduction in the inflation. In order to collect UV reflection ratio data on non-horizontal surfaces that can be comparable to differently oriented planar surfaces, the sun and the sensor's positions during the measurement process are equally important, which leads to this new method of reflection measurement for non-horizontal surfaces.


The Diels-Alder reaction of various reactive dienophiles with cyclopentadiene is reported. Rather than cracking dicyclopentadiene in a separate step, the reagents were mixed in a sealed tube and the reactions carried out at 185C. Conversion to the adducts is dependent on the nature of the dienophile and the reaction time. In those cases where stereochemistry is relevant, the endo/exo ratios are reported and compared to those reported at lower temperatures.


The mean lifetimes of seven states in ${}^{113}\mathrm{I}$ excited via the reaction ${}^{58}\mathrm{Ni}{(}^{58}\mathrm{Ni},3p)$ at a beam energy of 210 MeV were measured for the first time by means of the recoil-distance Doppler-shift technique. The lifetimes were determined in coincidence mode within the framework of the differential decay-curve method. The quadrupole deformation derived from the $B(E2)$ values at the bottom of the negative-parity yrast band confirms the predictions of previous TRS calculations. At higher excitation energy along the yrast line, the experimental $B(E2)$ transition strengths indicate an apparent loss of collectivity with increasing spin. A three-band mixing calculation provides an overall description of these strengths.


PURPOSE: Disclosed is a ceramic laminate consisting of a substrate made of insulating ceramic and a solid electrolyte layer, suppresses the generation of a crack, and is firmly joined, and Disclosed is an oxygen sensor element using the ceramic laminate. CONSTITUTION: A ceramic laminate consisting of an alumina substrate(1) and a solid electrolyte layer(6) being jointed to the alumina substrate is obtained. The solid electrolyte layer is made of zirconia containing alumina of 10 to 80 wt.%, especially, 30 to 50 wt.%. Also, other ceramics layers, especially, a ceramics layer(7) made of the alumina, may be joined to the solid electrolyte layer. The relative density of the ceramics layer is 60 to 99.5%, preferably), 80 to 99.5%. In an oxygen sensor element, a heater is provided inside the alumina substrate, a reference electrode(4) made of platinum or the like is formed on one surface of the solid electrolyte layer, and a measurement electrode(5) made of the platinum or the like is formed on the other.


- Biodiesel appears to be a likely substitute to conventional diesel. However, the main challenge has been the creation of a competitive advantage for the biodiesel production process in terms of innovation and efficiency. The reactive distillation technique for biodiesel production is possibly a key force to overcome this technological issue because it combines chemical reaction and the separation process inside the same unit. This work presents kinetic data for biodiesel production via the ethylic route and compare them with the methylic one. It also compares experimental results in a 1.5m reactive distillation pilot plant with simulated ones in ASPEN PLUS for ethylic biodiesel production with a molar ratio 6/1 (alcohol/oil). Kinetic parameters obtained for the ethylic study were k o = 8173dm 3 /(mol.min) and E a =27.48 kJ/mol. Indeed, at the bottom of a six stage column overall the ethylic and methylic biodiesel accounted for 60.1% and 67.8%, respectively. Following this, a sensitivity analysis considering 20 stages of equilibrium showed an ester conversion above 97%. The total energy required to produce biodiesel via a conventional batch reactor was 1210W/h for the ethylic route and 2430 W/h for methylic one, while it amounted to approximately 1000W/h for both routes in the reactive distillation process.


The effect of dietary natural betaine supplementation on broiler breeder hen performance was evaluated. In total, 630 Cobb 500 broiler breeder hens were allocated to one of three dietary treatment groups. The control diet was a standard basal broiler breeder diet and the two treatment diets were supplemented with natural betaine at either 1000pppm or 2000ppm. Hens were fed the diets for six weeks. Hens receiving betaine-supplemented diets gained more weight (p=0.006). The average weekly egg production of the hens receiving the 1000ppm and 2000ppm betaine-supplemented diets increased by 2.4 and 5.5% respectively (p<0.0001). The eggs from hens fed 2,000pppm betaine also had greater fertility (p<0.0001). Egg characteristic differences included a decrease in albumen weight (p=0.034) and eggshell thickness (p=0.001) and an increase in yolk:albumen ratio (p=0.009) of eggs from betaine-supplemented hens. Overall, breeder hens supplemented with 2000ppm betaine performed better than control or hens supplemented with 1000ppm betaine.


However, to ignore the MA or turn it over it to the technocrats would be a serious mistake. Perhaps the largest collective effort yet undertaken to assess how the ecosphere is becoming out of joint and what should be done about it, the complete study occupies five large volumes collating the work of no fewer than 1,360 distinguished experts from 95 countries. The 49-member Board of Directors includes populist luminaries like Nobel Laureate Wangari Maathai of Kenya, the redoubtable David Suzuki, and Muhammad Yunus, of Grameen Bank fame. It is also directed and chaired jointly by the United Nations and the World Bank, about which, more below. The MA, therefore, is not simply an assessment of the ecological crisis, but a place of contestation over how the crisis is to be met. However, it is also an assessment, and, taken all in all, a representation of the state of this most difficult art.


One of our colleagues reported in last month's cardiology teaching session on the results of another major clinical trial in heart failure patients. Despite interesting and positive results, our associates greeted the presentation with a chorus of groans. (We're pretty outspoken here.) We understand the issue: state of the art heart failure treatment has become a complicated business. We have extensive guidelines, complicated drug therapy, and a number of new agents. We are not surprised that many doctors yearn for the simplicity of "bedrest, digitalis, and diuretics." In fact, as "heart failure-ologists" we may engage in a bit of self-aggrandizement when we push for statu.5 as a separate clinical section, have our own meetings, and publish in our own journals. Still, we have learned that the detinition of heart failure is broad and elusive; patients with heart failure are a heterogeneous lot; comorbidities are common and polyphannacy for these individuals is the rule rather than the exception. Despite the fact that most clinical trials of heart failure therapy do not accurately reflect the spectrum of disease in the community, we have learned a great deal about how to use the multiple drugs available today effectively. The current therapy of heart failure still fits into some simple rules, and expanding from the old three (rest, digitalis, and diuretics) to the current five should not tax most clinicians unduly. So what are the five new basics. and what do they mean for practitioners? Basic number one is neurohormonal blockade. The major improvement in heart failure therapy today has been the recognition that blocking the pathophysiologic activation of neurohumoral "compensatory" mechanisms, renin-angiotensin and sympathetic activation in particular, increases long-term survival. We have excellent drugs, including the angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, angiotensin TI receptor blockers, aldosterone antagonists, and a variety of beta blockers. For most patients, the treating physician can choose drug therapy on the basis of cost and convenience. The most common problem we


ZnO nanowires were treated with ammonia(NH3) plasma. Electrical and field emission properties of the same individual ZnO nanowire were investigated before and after NH3 plasma treatment. Lowered work function, increased resistance and lowered turn-on field was observed. Ammonia molecule substitutional defect on Zn site was attributed to the observed phenomena.


The Dementia Assessment Sheet for Community‐based Integrated Care System‐21 items (DASC‐21) was developed as screening tool to find early dementia. Although it is assessed by trained staff, self‐reported use has expected in community setting. The aim of this study was to examine usefulness to use the self‐reported DASC‐21 in the community dwelling‐elderly.


function therefore appears as a case of circular reasoning based on an initial prejudice: adjectives are primarily modifying words; modifying words are adjectives; other modifying words are therefore in adjectival function; adjectives used in other functions are in secondary functions. The book is well organized and well written. The relationship between the intended generalizations and the examples discussed is quite clear. The data are selected from almost a hundred languages, from a variety of typological families, with special focus on data from English, Kannada, Mundari and Sanskrit. Thus, apart from a few expository redundancies and some material mistakes (among other things, Ladusaw (1985) quoted on p. 110 is absent from the bibliography and the announced Tagalog example on p. 146 is missing), this is a very pleasant book to read. It should be of interest to anyone who works with grammatical categories, if only because it gives a good overview of the problems related to the identification and definition of grammatical categories. Author's address: De'partement de langues et linguistique, Universite Laval, Cite universitaire, Quebec, Canada GiK 7P4. E-mail: email@example.com (Received 4 September 1995)


Volatile components of ten well-known teas in Guizhou were extracted by Ultrasonic wave with ethyl ether,and determined by GC-MS.The results show that there is a very difference in chemical constituents and contents of volatile components of ten well-known teas,and the contents of alcohol and ester components are higher than others.


The present invention relates to and / or for seed production test fixture having a central axis (x) and comprising a bend segment consisting of n number of straight tube sections (d2 to d3) connection (c1 to c3) of the tube (T) thermoforming ( M) method. The method consists of the following items: the production of n individual clamps (M1 to M3), each comprising a section for guiding the elbow of the pipe (T), and the n th segment from bending a straight pipe section extending the length of each of the predetermined (d1 to d4) of the flat pipe section axis (x ') is formed of a conduit section (18, 18'), corresponding to said predetermined length of said straight pipe section all or part of the length; and assembling the individual clamp (M1 to M3), wherein each successive segment of the guide catheter, and wherein the individual gripper is adapted to be provided by the relative orientation of the n segments of the guide catheter (18, 18 ' the relative orientation between the planes defined by n) said central axis (x '), which is similar to (c1 to c3) defined by said tube (T) the n the n curved bend segments ( the relative orientation between the P1, P2, P3).


This tutorial discuss the following: Content-based image retrieval - progress and challenges; Retrieval vs. visualisation and browsing; Image database visualisation through dimensionality reduction; Image database visualisation on graphs and networks; Time-based image database visualisation and hybrid visualisation approaches; Horizontal image database browsing; Vertical image database browsing; Immersive image database browsing; Evaluating image database browsing systems;Image database browsing-challenges and future directions.


Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations were performed to optimize the Mo active sites in HBeta zeolite catalysts as well as to locate the reaction pathways to form the Mo-methylidene species. Two different Mo active sites, i.e., the oxidized MoO2 and its reduced form MoVO(OH), were developed and incorporated into HBeta zeolites by replacing a pair of Bronsted acidic sites. The Mo-methylidene species were found to be produced through two elementary reaction steps, and the Mo-oxametallacyclobutanes were identified as the intermediates. The activation barriers of the decompositions of the oxametallacyclobutane intermediates (Step 2)were estimated to be higher than those of the ethene addition on theMo active sites (Step 1). The oxidation states of theMo centers exertedmarked influences on the stabilities of the intermediates aswell as on the activation barriers and reaction heats of Steps 1 and 2, whichwere elucidated by the electronic properties of the Ob-ligands directly bonded to the Mo centers. Both free energy barriers and reaction heats have indicated that the whole processes of generating the Mo-methylidene species were preferred over the Mo(VI) rather than Mo(V) active site. Accordingly, the Mo(VI) active site wasmore efficient in catalyzing the formation ofMo-methylidene species in the heterogeneousMo/HBeta


Abstract The resuscitator bag has been considered the standard for prehospital, ventilatory managment. Recently, the Berg Resuscitation Apparatus (BRA) was developed as an alternative. Two devices were compared for their ability to deliver adequate tidal volumes and efficacy during simulated, single-rescuer CPR In the first phase, emergency care providers ventilated a test lung using a resuscitator bag, BRA, and demand valve. No significant differences between methods were found. During the second phase of the study, subjects performed single-rescuer CPR on a resuscitation mannikin for two minutes, using the bag-valve-mask and the BRA with a mask. The BRA delivered a volume of 0.81±0.26 liters compared to 0.35±0.19 liters using the resuscitator bag. The BRA allows ventilation to be performed as does the traditional equipment. When used in single rescuer CPR, it appears to provide a substantial increase in the tidal volumes delivered.


Globalization time is full of contradictions.The Chinese contemporary architecture and urban planning have been greatly influenced by the globalization.This paper focuses on the character of modernity and the relationship among culture communication,urban development and architecture form.It analysis the time-space system of Chinese urban and architecture,and points out that globalization 's last trend will not be the unification of contemporary culture,but the multivariate which leads to the coexistence of various local culture.Then,it makes though of urban development and critical clear,constructs science development theory on local time-space system.


A study was carried out to assess the seasonal variation in hydrochemical composition of groundwater in Nangloi block of Delhi State during the year 2007-08. The groundwater samples were collected from same tube wells of randomly selected 20 villages in Nangloi block during both pre and post-monsoon seasons (May and October, 2007). Results indicated that quality of groundwater samples in terms of total soluble salts (ECiw) was in the range of 0.84-7.86 and 0.79-5.75 dS m-1 in pre and post monsoon seasons, respectively. Based on the relative dominance of major cations and anions, the groundwater was classified as Na-Mg-Ca and Cl-HCO3-SO4 type. Nitrate-nitrogen in groundwater samples during pre and post-monsoon season ranged from 1.5 to 18.8 mg L-1 and 1.5 to 18.4 mg L-1 with mean value of 6.63 and 6.54 mg L-1 and fluoride concentration ranged from 0.24 to 5.12 mg L-1 and 0.20 to 5.99 mg L-1 with mean values of 2.37 and 2.34 mg L-1, respectively.


So, what are you going to do? A 68-year old patient presents with a myocardial infarction at an outlying hospital without a cath lab and he receives thrombolytic therapy. He is undergoing continued ischemic pain without resolution of his ST elevation on the ELG. He received the agent 4 h ago and you have achieved arterial access. Your nurse asks you what form of anticoagulation you want the patient to receive. Sardi et al. have given us some direction. In their consecutive series in this exact scenario, 104 patients were treated with either Bivalirudin (BIV) or unfractionated Heparin (UFH). The patients treated with BIV had a significantly lower incidence of the composite endpoint. This difference was primarily driven by a lower incidence of death, major bleeding, and postprocedure reinfarction in the BIV treated patients [1]. We know that BIV has been shown to be at least equivalent to UFH in conjunction with glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors from a number of studies [2–4]. These studies also highlighted the reduction in bleeding utilizing BIV. Now we know that it appears also to be safe in patients who present with thrombolytics on board. This is not an unlikely scenario for those of us on the front lines in acute cardiovascular care. What is gratifying is that these procedures were done in the "prehistoric era" of femoral access. In fact, the femoral route for interventional access was used in all cases with the predominant sheath size 6 French. A recent retrospective study from the National Cardiovascular Data Registry [5] has given us radialists' an exciting view of where things are going in the United States. They looked at nearly 3 million procedures from the CathPCI registry and the incidence of radial percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) has gone from 1.2% in 2007 to 16.1% in 2012. They happily reported that one in six PCIs performed in contemporary clinical practice are done via the radial route. Putting this in perspective, virtually all of the patients described in Sardi's article would have benefited further from this access, primarily by reducing the incidence of bleeding. We have gained knowledge through this report of a series of patients presenting to a high-volume laboratory after receiving thrombolytic therapy. We are a radial first laboratory, and I have encouraged sites that are becoming radial friendly to completely switch over including using radial access for myocardial infarction. Can you imagine how much safer post-thrombolytic procedures will become when more of us become "radialphiles."


AbstractThe western North Pacific (WNP) monsoon variability plays an important role in East Asian climate, and it highlights the importance of understanding atmosphere–ocean interaction determining WNP variability. A key characteristic of atmosphere–ocean interaction is the local relationship between sea surface temperatures and precipitation (SST–P), which over the WNP exhibits a weak and negative correlation; this indicates that atmospheric variations lead to SST anomalies. This study investigates the underlying physical causes of this relationship, and it suggests that the inverse SST–P relationship over the WNP results from a local anomalous lower-tropospheric anticyclone or cyclone. A strong and negative SST–P correlation corresponds to a strong cyclonic/anticyclonic anomaly, while a weak SST–P relationship is related to a weak circulation anomaly. This study suggests that the remote effects play a crucial role in forming the inverse SST–P relationship over the WNP, while local SSTs tend to result in...


This article is the Polish version of the introduction to the Italian translation of the treatise by Father Józef Maria Bocheński OP (monastic name: Innocent) entitled: On patriotism. The author of the treatise, an outstanding Polish logician, lecturer at many universities in Europe and around the world, published his text originally intended for soldiers of the Polish II Corps fighting in Italy during the Second World War. The context of this edition, as well as the contemporary edition of the text in Italian (in the book: Alla guardia dello spirito e della fede. Il patriottismo polacco sulsuolo italiano neitestiripropostin el centenario della Battaglia di Varsavia (1920) e nel 25° anniversario della morte di padre Józef Maria (Di Innocenzo), a cura di M. Lenart, Opole University Press, Opole 2020) prompted the author of the article to show the value of patriotism in the context of Italian culture, in which this topic, and even the concept itself, is currently being eliminated from the public sphere. Thus, conducting discussions on topics related to patriotism encounters many difficulties despite the widespread belief in close cultural relations between Poland and Italy.


The production of Fe in the slow neutron capture process (s-process) has been discussed in this paper and the reaction cross sections have been evaluated using different nuclear reactions models and tabulated. The energy of proton energy of neutron energy spectrum code (EPEN) has been used to calculate the neutron energy spectrum and tabulated. Model code dependence of the prediction has also been discussed.


As the world prepares for the opening of the Paris Climate Change conference, AJIL Unbound is pleased to offer a set of reflections on Laudato Si', Pope Francis' Encyclical Letter On Care for Our Common Home.1 Released in May 2015, it has generated much commentary and debate, both because of its contents and its source. Pope Francis is calling on the world to rethink the relationships among the economy, the environment and morality, and to develop a spiritually grounded ethic that will inform institutions. We have a wonderful and diverse set of authors to engage with the Encyclical. We begin with a philosophical perspective from Dale Jamieson, who characterizes the work as one of moral theology, rather than a political intervention.2 He situates the Pope's views within contemporary philosophy, and explains that what the Pope is hoping to do is to stimulate an ethical conversation on environment and development, rather than make a narrowly political intervention. Dan Bodansky takes a more practical view.3 Any impact of the Encyclical, he argues, will likely have more to do with the person of the author than the novelty of the arguments, which draw on themes familiar from the environmental movement. And while agreeing that climate change is a moral issue, Bodansky warns that it is an economic and technological one too. Economic and technological tools may help us to address the problem, and should not be rejected out of hand. Dinah Shelton points out that other religious traditions have environmental ethics as well, implying that there is potential for a grand coalition of moral thinkers on the question.4 Complementing this demonstration of the compatibility of the Pope's ideas with those of other faiths, Ileana Porras then situates the Encyclical within the tradition of Catholic social thought.5 She shows how it is at the same time a radical document and one that fits squarely in its own religious tradition. Her perspective provides helpful framing for non-Catholic readers to understand the goals and idiom of the document and how it interacts with law.


Objective: The purpose of our work was to analyze the possible association of clinical and genetic factors with the development of strokes in patients with coronary heart disease. Design and method: We included in to the study 1193 patients with acute coronary syndrome (63,2% men, mean age 61,1 ± 0,34 yaers). 81,5% of patients had essential hypertension, 14,6% - diabetes, 38,5% were smokers, 16,4% had anamnesis of atrial fibrillation. Follow up was started on day 10 of stable state after index event. Inclusion into the study was performed in 2004–2007. Mean duration of follow up was 664,9 days, maximum - 1999 days. To determine the allele and genotype of polymorphic markers of candidate genes isolation of genomic DNA from the venous blood was performed by the method of phenol-chloroform extraction. Polymorphisms of ApoB, FGB, PROC, CRP, IL-6, IL-10, TNF, LTA and KIF6 were detected by PCR. Results: A total of 37 strokes occurred during the follow-up period (3.1%), 17 (45.9%) were fatal, and 20 (54.1%) were nonfatal. The shortest period before the development of a stroke from inclusion of a patient into the study was 22 days, the largest - 1433 days, the average - 389 ± 56.6 days. Patients who were observed to have strokes were older, had a history of CHD prior to index event, were more likely to have high BP level, more likely to have recurrent MI, or repeated episodes of severe ischemia and atrial fibrillation during hospitalization, they had a lower GFR. Patients who observed stroke development were less likely to get statins (46.5% of cases compared to 64.9% of cases, p = 0.021) and antithrombotic (81.1% vs. 93.3%, p = 0.004) therapy. Only carriage of A allele of G (-1082)A polymorphism of IL-10 gene was associated with risk of stroke: OR 1,54 [1,02–2,65], p = 0,043. Conclusions: Multifactorial Cox analysis showed that carriage of A allele of IL-10 gene, high BP level, history of MI, recurrent severe ischemia and atrial fibrillation during index hospitalization and absent of antithrombotic therapy were independently associated with stroke risk.


Abstract This paper examines some of the debates surrounding patent law and the defence of other forms of intellectual property at the end of the eighteenth century. It concentrates on examples from the 1780s and 1790s, when certain events prompted detailed arguments about both property rights in general and the position of manufacturers within society in particular. Particular attention is paid to the writings of James Watt on the subject of patent law. Patents were only the clearest example of allocating ownership of intangible varieties of property: numerous manufacturers argued that their welfare, and by extension national prosperity, was under threat from a failure to recognize the peculiar nature of modern commerce. Descriptions of manufacturers corresponded to the individualization of authors as the creators of literary property, colouring perceptions of policy on technical innovation, tax regimes and ultimately free trade.


Following deregulation, the increase in intramodal competition forced railroads to reduce costs. One of the most striking restructuring measures was labor downsizing. Apart from this, railroads have also signi…cantly restructured their human resources composition, and this has proven to generate operational e¢ ciencies. To better understand and explain how these changes have been made, this paper presents a multi-input/output translog variable cost model with labor input divided by employee categories. This model enables us to estimate elasticities of substitu


The effect of pulsed electron beam treatment on the surface microstructure of W6Mo5Cr4V2 high-speed steel has been studied.The results show that a refined surface layer and a fine heat-affected zone below the melted layer of the high-speed steel have been formed by pulsed electron beam treatment.These microstructure may have a good effect on the improvement of hardness and wear resistance of high-speed steel.


Interactive Timeline in History Teaching
Abstract: This article presents a learning object proposal for the history knowledge area, consisting of an interactive timeline in which the user can navigate through events through their temporal relation and even create their own timelines. The proposal has as its contribution an approximation between the school practices and the technological reality of the daily life of the student, through an interactive pedagogical tool. It is also a solution that seeks to solve a great difficulty of the digital age - dealing with large volumes of data, enabling a more dynamic and intuitive graphical visualization. Its great differential is to be the first free tool available on the internet for creation and study using interactive timelines.
Keywords: Timeline. Interactive applications. Educational technology. Learning objects. History teaching.


The Evaluation of the Mechanical Strength of Epoxy-Based Resin as a Plugging Material, and the Development of a Novel Plug and Abandon Technique Using Vitrified Solid Epoxy-Based Resin Beads. (May 2012) Ahmed Rami Abuelaish, B.S., Texas A&M University Co-Chairs of Advisory Committee: Dr. Hisham Nasr-El-Din Dr. Jerome Schubert Over the past several years, some of the platforms in the Gulf of Mexico have been damaged completely, such that conventional P&A operations may not be possible. In these cases, plugging fluid needs to be pumped through an intervention well and dropped several thousand feet in water to settle above a packer and seal the well. The current P&A material of choice is cement, but cement is miscible in water, which dilutes and contaminates the cement. Therefore, alternate plugging materials need to be used for these operations. This paper discusses the development of a cost-effective Epoxy P&A method and the challenges of using Epoxy. First, the impact of seawater, oil, and pipe dope on the curing process remains unknown. Secondly, the yield strength of Epoxy with and without the contaminating chemicals must be equal to or better than cement. Finally, previous tests have shown significant losses of Epoxy to the walls of the wellbore during the 7,000-ft drop.


AbstractThe discovery of PTHrP was the result of research on the mechanisms by which some cancers cause hypercalcemia (humoral hypercalcemia of malignancy) without necessarily metastasizing to hone. PTHrP is also present in various normal adult and fetal tissues. Its concentration is normally very low (picomolar) in blood, but it is more abundant in milk (nanomolar concentration). PTHrP seems able to exert autocrine/paracrine as well as endocrine effects on bone metabolism.A major role for PTHrP in regulation of fetal bone metabolism has been demonstrated in mice. Homologous recombination has been used in these rodents to remove the major coding exonfrom one copy of the mouse PTHrP gene in embryonic stem cells. Subsequently generated chimeric mice transmit the mutant PTHrP allele through the germline. Homozygous mutants died immediately after birth and had a multitude of skeletal abnormalities. So PTHrP seems necessary to embryonic development of the skeleton.PTHrP (1–34), like PTH (1–34) fragments, might...


The present invention relates to a vehicle TDMB signal transmission module for transmitting to the AV system of the vehicle to optimize the signal received at the vehicle antenna TDMB. The invention, which is input broadcast signals received from the vehicle antenna; Filter unit which extracts a particular frequency band that corresponds to the TV broadcasting signal from the broadcasting signal input to the input unit; Matching unit for matching the frequency of the specific frequency band is extracted from the filter part impedance; Amplifying the frequency matching in the matching part to thereby optimize the TDMB signals included in the specific frequency band can be applied to the amplifier section to the AV system; A power supply for applying a power to the amplifier unit, the filter unit and the matching portion and operation; Includes; Protection circuit for protecting the power supply unit, filter unit, and the matching unit having the amplifier circuit from the electric noise. This invention, therefore receiving the TDMB frequency by using the existing antenna is an antenna for TDMB need not separately provided. In addition, because it works as a conventional analog TV signal transmission module and a separate, analog TV signal and TDMB signal is not only possible to prevent the sensitivity is reduced by the interference, without discarding existing analog TV signal transmission module as It can be used. Vehicle, broadcast signal, DMB, AV


Let rK be an inaccessible cardinal, and let Eo = {x E P,K.i+ cf A2 = cf i2} and E1 = {x E P-+: KX is regular and A2 = i+}. It is consistent that the set E1 is stationary and that every stationary subset of Eo reflects at almost every a E E1.


Turbulence grids are widely used in wind tunnels to produce representative turbulence levels when testing aerodynamic phenomena around models. Although the purpose of the grid is to introduce a desired turbulence level in the freestream flow, the wall boundary layers of the tunnel are subjected to modification due to the presence of such grids. This could have major implications to the flow around the models to be tested and hence there is a need to further understand this interaction. The study described in this paper examines wind tunnel wall boundary layer modification by turbulence grids of different mesh sizes and porosities to understand the effect of these parameters on such interaction. Experimental results are presented in the form of pressure loss coefficients, boundary layer velocity profiles and the statistics of turbulence modification.


As the world progresses, business opportunities advance with the number of experienced and qualified entrepreneurs being on the rise. Despite there being highly educated and trusted people in several organizations, it is needless to say that there have been reported cases of fraud and malpractice. Strange and conflicting as it sounds, finding the truth often uncovers the unexpected. Looking at the bigger picture, this paper lists the types of misconduct that might be caused by system and regulatory weaknesses that are not robust, are unsafe, and can be infringed upon by potential players without being easily detected. These misconducts, once discovered, will have an adverse impact on the cycles of assignment, process, and documentation, including the quality of work and overall achievement of the objectives of an organization. 'Forensic Accounting' tracks and reviews records that have been reported, while at the same time seeks significant information from the records presented. Any doubtful information means a 'red flag' on financial irregularities and ethical violations of system by the perpetrator or fraudster. This paper presents some brief insights into challenges of an organization in terms of exposure to related risks, types of misconduct, brief review of literature, fraud models, red flags, as well as forensic accounting, and a recommendation for integrated forensic accounting framework.


In considering the ..cap alpha..-Cu/sub 100-x/Ge/sub x/ alloys on the basis of a realistic muffin-tin Hamiltonian, the most notable feature of the electronic spectra is found to be the appearance of an impurity band below the host conduction band. In accord with relevant experiments, a Fermi surface is predicted to grow at approximately half the rigid-band rate for x 5 at.% Ge. This effect is related to a transition in the nature of states associated with the impurity band; these states are localized atomic s-like for x< or =0.5 and become delocalized in concentrated alloys.


Indoor localization has received extensive attention in recent years. Due to the complexity of the indoor environment, fingerprint positioning methods have better performance than the methods based on propagation models. In the WiFi network, the received signal strength (RSS) is usually used as the fingerprint feature. Due to the influence of noise in the environment, there is the error between the fingerprint information and the online data, which results in deviation of the localization results. We proposed a novel noise reduction fingerprint feature which calculates the difference of RSS at the same location and combines it with the original RSS and then obtains the fingerprint feature through the principal component analysis, which can improve the robustness of the Wi-Fi signal and reduce the influence of the environmental noise. In order to valid the performance of the proposed fingerprint feature, we introduced the recurrent neural network based indoor localization algorithm. The algorithm takes the correlation of historical locations into consideration and establish the relationship between the characteristics of the wireless signal and location by recurrent neural network. The experimental result shows that the proposed fingerprint feature has better performance than conventional fingerprint feature.


Using Al(NO_3)_3·9H_2O、NH_4Al(SO_4)_2·12H_2O、Y(NO_3)_3 as mother salts, and urea as precipitant, YAG nano-powders were synthesized by microwave homogeneous precipitation. The sinterabilities of YAG powders obtained by adoption of different amounts of sulfate ions were compared. The composition,morphology and phase transformation of precursor were analyzed by IR,XRD,TEM. The size distribution of YAG powders was characterized by using laser diffraction method. The results show that sulfate ions influence the dispersity, composition and morphology of the YAG precursors, as a result, the sinterability of YAG powders is affected further. The addition of moderate amount of sulfate ions can produce YAG powders with excellent dispersity and good sinterability. Via normal sintering at 1550℃, the YAG powders are densified up to 98% of the theoretical density.


AbstractA simultaneous-equation equilibrium model of domestic and international markets for fillets, surimi, and roe of Alaska pollock (i.e., Walleye Pollock Gadus chalcogrammus) is used to examine the combined effect of variability in landings and changes in product mix on first wholesale prices and revenues. From the commencement of Americanization in the mid-1970s through the joint venture era of the 1980s and following full Americanization in early 1990s, U.S. producers of Alaska pollock focused mainly on selling surimi and roe to Japan. Passage of the American Fisheries Act of 1998 (AFA) unleashed an economic transformation that more than doubled fishery revenues without increasing exploitation rates or catches. The increased value came about because freedom from the race for fish allowed fishers and processors to increase product quality, improve product recovery rates, diversify their mix of product forms, and develop new markets in the USA and Europe. Despite the size and importance of the Alaska ...


The contrast between the apparent need for clinical computing systems and their slow establishment is well recognized.'-4 The ability of such systems to solve some of the problems associated with the traditional medical record is also well recognized. Yet after almost 30 years of endeavour and the development ofmany different systems the number in daily use is relatively small. This contrast was noted 20 years ago,' When inappropriate computer languages were blamed. Other reasons advanced over the years can be divided into technical and personal/professional. Lincoln5 summarized the technical -reasons as: inefficient computer languages, computer scientists side tracked into esoteric applications, i.e. diagnostic systems, software designers unable to meet all doctors' demands, and doctors unable to keep up with the rapid changes in technology. Whilst at the time these complaints were justified the very major changes in both software and hardware plus the body of experience built up in developing clinical systems have largely negated these. Personal/professional reasons included: life long habits not changed easily,6 doctors as independent practitioners not sympathetic to being asked to change their working practices,6 loss of self esteem


what he took to be errors of usage. Sometimes the usage he disputed was so arcane that whole teams of us couldn't guess what he objected to. Knowing that he listened to my radio spot, I deliberately used language in a way to startle him. I tried to routinely split infinitives or use slang expressions and idiomatic syntax; a phrase like "Anymore the wilderness freaks me out" would have him waiting outside my office when I arrived for my first class. One of his pet peeves was the placement of a slanted line between the words "and" and "or," an irritant I had trouble using on the radio. Saying "and-slash-or" made me sound silly, but leaving the slash out simply left me with "andor," a nonword that only confused my listeners. Instead, I settled for using it on documents I was certain would cross his desk, but it was a chancier use of the term, and it haunted me every time I wrote it until I recognized that its limitations as an oral irritant said something about spoken and written language. Just as it is of doubtful value to "write just like you speak," so it is not a good idea to try to speak just as you write. We've all bunched up our hands and wiggled our fingers, like people trying to cast rabbit shadows on a wall, to let listeners know that the expression we'vejust used, the distasteful term we've just spoken, the cliche or banality we've just uttered, is not really "our" term but is really what "they" use ("Read my lips"). Or we've stumbled around verbally trying to place "Quote-Unquote" before or around someone else's words, a clunky attempt at accurate attribution. Saying out loud the word "slash"--or "virgule," because technically that's what the slash is called-is another example of trying to set into oral language what properly belongs in written language. The embarrassment of orally announcing the variety and location of the punctuation you'd be using if you were writing should be sufficient reminder that there's a difference between spoken and written language. You'll notice that I've used the virgule in the title of this article. Read it out loud: The Virgule Variations, Colon, Learning, Virgule, Language, Virgule, Literature. Spoken out loud, the slash or the virgule doesn't do much except call attention to how awkward it is to use it in speech; written, however, the virgule is a nifty item, a mark of separation that is simultaneously a mark of union-it confuses the relationship between its elements, sometimes conferring equality, as in "and-virguleor," sometimes conferring ambiguity, as in my subtitle. Are these items-learning, language, literature-to be taken sequentially? Are they to be taken as equal parts of an unnamed whole? Is it significant that two of them precede the third? that two follow the first? that two surround the


Partnerships between researchers and restoration practitioners can improve restoration outcomes, which is especially important for restoration in challenging settings. Here, we describe one such partnership in the Great Basin, United States, which used trait‐based methods and practitioner knowledge to identify the most promising seed sources for restoration. Managers in this region can either use widely available commercial seeds, which are often sourced from far outside the seeding area, or take extra steps to use locally collected seeds. We asked whether local, wild‐collected seeds of two native plants, Elymus elymoides and Poa secunda, had traits more conducive to seedling establishment in degraded sites, relative to commercial sources. Seeds were collected from four remnant native populations within lands managed by the Winnemucca Bureau of Land Management. Collections were screened for seed and seedling characteristics previously identified as associated with increased seedling performance in degraded Great Basin systems, and we provide a detailed methodology for these measurements. Relative to commercial seeds, wild‐collected seeds had more characteristics identified as beneficial for seedling establishment, including phenology, root allocation, root form, and overall size characteristics that suggest locally sourced populations would be likely to establish better than commercial sources. Using phenotypic traits as criteria, the most promising wild populations were selected for agronomic production to increase the quantities of seeds available for restoration, and field trials are ongoing using these field‐increased seeds. These results provide support for collaborative efforts to identify, collect, screen, and increase the availability of local seed sources to improve restoration success.


Method and system for providing roaming and sponsor superposed relationship partial roaming. Method for facilitating the exchange of one or more signaling messages between a client network and an HSRP network. This method includes identifying using a SPRS router associated with a client network of one or more parameters of the signaling messages received to thus determine from these parameters one or more of roaming agreements (roaming) required between the client network and the HSRP network to enable the exchange of signaling messages. Furthermore, the method provides, through the SPRS router, the exchange of signaling messages between the client network and the HSRP network via one or more hubs SPRS, when the SPRS router determines that there are no roaming agreements required. The method also provides, through the SPRS router, the direct exchange of signaling messages between the client network and the HSRP network, as the SPRS router determines that there are roaming agreements required.


This article devotes the decision of problem about sediment's, recuperation of sediments by pulp and paper industry. It offers to use ashee of shlamm-lignine in quality of high-effective sorbent of waste water in different structures.


Study Design: Although the frequency of the oblique lumbar interbody fusion (OLIF) procedure has increased in recent years, reports on its complications remain rare. We report 2 cases of vertebral fracture after OLIF. Objectives: We aimed to report 2 cases of coronal vertebral fracture after an OLIF...


Studies were conducted to characterize electroanesthesia in cats and to provide insight into inter-relations of various electrical parameters. Data were obtained from 138 trials in 20 cats with a pair of subcutaneously implanted palladium wire electrodes, one located between the eyes and the other at the occiput. Current was provided by an instrument which delivered square-wave pulses automatically elevated above the zero potential base-line, which could be adjusted to various pulse durations and periods. Satisfactory anesthesia could be produced in cats without supplemental drugs or artificial ventilation. Assessment of pain reflexes during electro-anesthesia led to the suggestion that electrical current produces analgesia in ways not yet elucidated. Elevation of the electrical waveform above the base-line was not beneficial. Several residual effects were noted to persist for a short time after electro-anesthesia. The results also disclosed the importance of the relationhip of the waveforms' pulse duration and period. Waveforms with small ratios were the most effective in terms of achieving anesthesia with the least amount of average current.


The capabilities of adversaries (intruders, attackers, ...) are difficult to capture. (cid:15) By their nature security protocols involve a high degree of concurrency, which makes the analysis much more complicated. among the various variants, we showed that in the context of relabeling-free and finite summation calculi: (1) CCS with parameterless (or constant) definitions is equally expressive to the variant with parametric definitions. (2) The CCS variant with replication is equally expressive to that with recursive expressions and static scoping. We also stated that the divergence problem is undecidable for the calculi in (1) but decidable for those in (2). We obtain this from (un)decidability results by Busi, Gabbrielli and Zavattaro, and by showing the relevant mappings to be computable and to preserve divergence and its negation. From (1) and the well-known fact that parametric definitions can replace injective relabellings, we showed that injective relabellings are redundant (i.e., derived) in CCS (which has constant definitions only). on the foundations of Security Protocols. The goal of the development of abstract models, simple enough to be used for the definition of a comprehensible semantics for the language of security properties. In particular, the project on probabilistic models.


This research examined how people explain major outcomes of political consequence (e.g., economic growth, rising inequality). We argue that people attribute positive outcomes more and negative outcomes less to their own political party than to an opposing party. We conducted two studies, one before the 2016 U.S. presidential election (N = 244) and another before the 2020 election (N = 249 registered voters), that examined attributions across a wide array of outcomes. As predicted, a robust partisan attribution bias emerged in both studies. Although the bias was largely equivalent among Democrats and Republicans, it was magnified among those with more extreme political ideology. Further, the bias predicted unique variance in voting intentions and significantly mediated the link between political ideology and voting. In sum, these data suggest that partisan allegiances systemically bias attributions in a group-favoring direction. We discuss implications of these findings for emerging research on political social cognition.


In this paper, we propose a solution to reduce the dropout rate of students of distance learning platforms, while improving social contact between users. This solution consists of the design and development of a middleware application and a BigBlueButton Moodle plugin allowing access to social networks such as Facebook / Twitter to share information in a controlled environment. This mechanism helped to increase the audience of learners in training module and facilitate learner-learner contact and teacher-learners contact.


Even as upstream oil and gas companies contend with an extremely difficult near-term market environment, they confront a longer-term challenge: growing pressure from regulators, investors, and others to decarbonize their operations. Many upstream companies have already made meaningful strides toward decarbonization. But they will need to do much more going forward as stakeholder demands and expectations continue to rise.


The US Navy's Multi-Static Active Coherent (MAC) acoustic search system is an air-launched system that combines a coherent source sonobuoy with a field of receiver sonobuoys. The operational search data collected during MAC exercises are well suited for post-processing to infer water column and sediment acoustic properties. We present results of simulation studies done to determine feasibility of estimating complete set of acoustic properties of the water column and sediments over a wide area by using a distributed network of receiver sonobuoys coupled with a source sonobuoy that transmits a broadband signal. The inversions based on mode dispersion data estimated from the signals acquired by the receiver sonobuoys were carried out with data from a range of frequency bands. We show that the inversions can yield acceptable estimates of the water column and sediment properties. Analysis of data collected during a field experiment, which mimics the operational scenario of MAC, is also presented. Inversions carried out with this experimental data provide estimates of water column and sediment acoustic properties. Evaluation of the inversion results show that the estimated sediment parameters are consistent with bottom models obtained for this general experimental area by other investigators. ANTICIPATED BENEFITS: The methods can be adopted to characterize the water column and the sediment using data acquired in routine operational exercises of the Navy.


The paper by Eugene, Lee and Famoye in 2002 pioneered the class of beta generated probability distributions. Since then, many members of the class have appeared in the literature along with their various properties and applications. The class was extended to the Kumaraswamy generated class. A more general class, the class of T-X distributions, was recently developed. This talk will address some of the important properties and applications of these different classes. The present challenges with the estimation of distribution parameters and some open problems will be mentioned.


Optimisation of epitaxial anatase TiO2 thin films grown on LaAlO3(001) -substrates was performed using ultra-high vacuum based pulsed laser deposition -(PLD) and studied by in-situ reflection high-energy electron diffraction (RHEED). In -addition, ex-situ X-ray diffraction (XRD), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and -scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) were performed to characterise -the bulk properties of these thin films. The deposited TiO2 thin film is demonstrated -to have anatase phase and bonded directly to the LaAlO3(001) substrate. In a separate -ultra-high vacuum system low-energy electron diffraction (LEED) and scanning -tunnelling microscopy (STM) measurements were performed and a well-ordered twodomain -(1´4) and (4´1) reconstruction of anatase surface was observed. Analysis of -the STM measurements indicates the coexistence of atomic steps of both 2.5 A and 5.0 -A, confirming the existence of two TiO2 domains. The atomic resolution STEM -images reveal that the TiO2/LaAlO3 interface to be terminated with LaO layer and that -the anatase-TiO2 reconstruction was found to be stable during the film growth.

Low-energy electron diffraction (LEED), scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) -and density functional theory (DFT) calculations have been used to investigate the -atomic and electronic structure of gold deposited (between 0.8 and 1.0 monolayer) on -the Pt(111) face in ultrahigh vacuum at room temperature. The analysis of LEED and -STM measurements indicates two-dimensional growth of the first Au monolayer. -Change of the measured surface lattice constant equal to 2.80 A after Au adsorption -was not observed. Based on DFT, the distance between the nearest atoms in the case -of bare Pt(111) and Au/Pt(111) surface is equal to 2.83 A, which gives 1% difference -in comparison with STM values. The first and second interlayer spacing of the clean -Pt(111) surface are expanded by +0.87% and contracted by −0.43%, respectively. The -adsorption energy of the Au atom on the Pt(111) surface is dependent on the adsorption -position, and there is a preference for a hollow fcc site. For the Au/Pt(111) surface, the -top interlayer spacing is expanded by +2.16% with respect to the ideal bulk value. -Changes in the electronic properties of the Au/Pt(111) system below the Fermi level -connected to the interaction of Au atoms with Pt(111) surface are observed.

Detailed structural properties of the Pt3Ti(111) surface have been studing with -the use of ab initio density functional theory calculations and scanning tunelling -microscopy measurements. The DFT calculations show that the atoms composition of -the second and third atomic layer have influence upon the top surface of the Pt3Ti


In order to study and prevent the student physique fitness standard drops unceasingly,we use methods of investigation and mathematical statistics to point out some problems and explore some ways to preventive measure physique health of student.


Abstract : A method of determining generalized solutions to the three-dimensional small perturbation equations for supersonic flow is derived. By means of integral and matrix transformations, series solutions for the perturbation quantities u, v, w, p, and rho are obtainable at the intersection point of characteristics in a transformed plane. (Author)


[Objective]To investigate the security about use of 84 disinfectant.[Methods]We performed toxicology experiments according to the evaluation and testing approaches in MOH's Technical Standard For Disinfection.[Results]This disinfectant had no micronucleus formation inductive effect.The mouse acute oral toxicity test suggested it belonged to practically non-toxic substance.No toxic effect was observed in every different dosage group during the subacute toxicity experiments.[Conclusion]This disinfectant was a kind of safe and stable disinfection and suitable for sterilization.


This paper illustrates the significance of third - party software testing from the viewpoints of software quality assurance and market requirement. The advantages of third - party software testing are also expounded from different aspects.


The TC-AEP model seeks to optimise the same safety, shelter use and total travel time related efficiency objectives, while the optimum number of vehicles needed to evacuate people and livestock, within a predetermined travel time is introduced in this model as an additional objective.


In the past 200 years, the Journal has covered and participated in seismic change in medical knowledge and practice. Yet the Journal 's history also exposes a stability of orientation and approach to fundamental problems of disease in patients and populations.


Meniscal repair indications have not really changed in recent years. Typically younger, more active patients with concomitant ACL reconstruction and peripheral third vertical tears continue to be the "best" repair candidates. However, even in these "ideal" candidates, meniscal repair continues to represent a significant challenge. While most will not dispute that vertical tears greater than 1 cm in the peripheral third of the meniscus should be repaired, there has been new attention on repairing posterior root tears. With these root tear repairs, an inside-out repair is not feasible due to the posterior midline placement of the needles and the passage of the suture. BACKGROUND: Strength of Meniscal Repair


ArF excimer lasers are the light source of choice for the next generation of micro-lithographic tools enabling structures below the 130nm technology node. For these lithographic mass production lines Komatsu successfully developed an ArF excimer laser, named G20A, which has a 2kHz pulse repetition rate, 10W average power and 0.5pm (FWHM) spectral bandwidth. G20A has three significantly improved important items: (1) the high resolution line narrowing module, (2) the high power and high repetition rate solid state pulse power module, and (3) the Xe added laser gas yielding an improved overall laser performance. ArF laser spectra were determined with out newly developed high-resolution spectrometer. The instrument function of the spectrometer was measured with a 193nm coherent light source jointly developed with the University of Tokyo. The laser gas composition is one key parameter of excimer laser performance. The deteriorating effect of impurities on ArF performance is e.g. ten times larger than on KrF performance. We observed that added Xe gas, however, has a beneficial effect on the pulse energy and the energy stability at high repetition rates. Experimental results of a currently developed 4 kHz ArF laser are also reported.


BACKGROUND
Oculomotor abnormalities, especially slow saccades, have long been recognized in Huntington's disease (HD).

OBJECTIVES AND METHODS
To study prospectively horizontal saccade velocity by videonystagmography in 21 patients with genetically confirmed HD. The study included a baseline analysis and a second evaluation after 18.8 +/- 7.1 months. We included a control group of 15 subjects.

RESULTS
HD group exhibited decreased saccade velocity when compared with that from a control group (for predictive and unpredictive target). HD patients showed decreased saccade velocity with the passage of time (for predictive target, p < 0.01). Finally we found statistical significant correlation between saccade velocity and triplet length.

CONCLUSIONS
The measurement of saccade velocity might be an objective method to study the natural evolution of HD, and thus evaluate the effectiveness of future therapies.


Background. Epilepsy is one of the most common neurological disorders after stroke. Due to the side effects and poor response of conventional anticonvulsant drugs, researchers have turned their attention to find new drugs. Carvacrol is a phenolic compound with neuroprotective, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and anticonvulsant effects. The aim of the study was to investigate the anticonvulsant effects of carvacrol in PTZ-induced seizures in male mice and to investigate the role of N-Methyl-D-Aspartic Acid (NMDA) receptor. Methods. In the present experimental study, 90 mice were randomly divided into 9 groups (n=10). Drugs were injected intraperitoneally 30 minutes before PTZ injection. Then, seizure onset time, serum and brain antioxidant capacity (TAC) and malondialdehyde (MDA) and NMDA receptor gene expression in the hippocampus were examined. Results. Seizure onset time in the group received carvacrol (20 and 40 mg/kg) was significantly longer than the PTZ group (P<0.05). Treatment with carvacrol (20 and 40 mg/kg) significantly increased serum and brain antioxidant capacity and reduced serum and brain MDA in compared to the PTZ group (at doses of 5, 10, 20 and 40 mg/kg). The expression of NR2A and NR2B subunits of hippocampal NMDA receptors in carvacrol-received mice was significantly lower than the PTZ group (P<0.05). Conclusion. Carvacrol has anticonvulsant effects, possibly by inhibiting oxidative stress and reducing the expression of subunits of NMDA receptors.


In the last two decades, the electricity industry has been reorganized to run on competitive lines in many countries. In the traditional cost of service structure of the electric power sector the costs were simply allocated to generation, transmission and distribution. After the restructuring, some activities were split up and new institutions were created, thus increasing the number of components and the overall complexity of the sector. The components assigned to each category and the volume of deferred cost payments differs among countries. The electricity systems of the UK and Spain have been operating in very different environments including political framework, energy resources, and economic structure, but liberalization should act as a converging force. To evaluate the overall results, in this paper we analyze the evolution of the real average final price of electricity, in PPP units, in the UK and Spain over the last three decades.


We consider the estimation of the parameters in two partitioned linear models, denoted by 𝒜 = {y, X 1 β 1 + X 2 β 2, V 𝒜} and ℬ = {y, X 1 β 1 + X 2 β 2, V ℬ}, which we call full models. Correspondingly, we define submodels 𝒜1 = {y, X 1 β 1, V 𝒜} and ℬ1 = {y, X 1 β 1, V ℬ}. Using the so-called Pandora's Box approach introduced by Rao (1971, we give new necessary and sufficient conditions for the equality between the best linear unbiased estimators (BLUEs) of X 1 β 1 under 𝒜1 and ℬ1 as well as under 𝒜 and ℬ. In our considerations we will utilise the Frisch–Waugh–Lovell theorem which provides a connection between the full model 𝒜 and the reduced model 𝒜 r = {M 2 y, M 2 X 1 β 1, M 2 V 𝒜 M 2} with M 2 being an appropriate orthogonal projector. Moreover, we consider the equality of the BLUEs under the full models assuming that they are equal under the submodels.


• Interpret visual data demonstrating minimum, optimum, and maximum oxygen or carbon dioxide requirements for growth • Identify and describe different categories of microbes with requirements for growth with or without oxygen: obligate aerobe, obligate anaerobe, facultative anaerobe, aerotolerant anaerobe, microaerophile, and capnophile • Give examples of microorganisms for each category of growth requirements


The ability of the subtropical North Atlantic to sustain export production despite the lack of available nutrients is fascinating. Subtropical gyres are expected to expand under a global warming scenario, so it is important to understand the mechanisms supplying the required nutrients. Current issues for the region concern the nutrient and metabolic balance, the origin of excess nitrogen and phosphorus shortage, and the maintenance of nitrogen fixation. We report data on the allocation of nitrogen and phosphorus in dissolved and suspended pools, the isotopic δ15N of suspended nitrogen, and the lability of dissolved organic phosphorus (DOP) along a section crossing the eastern seasonally stratified North Atlantic and the western subtropical North Atlantic (NASW). We find extreme P‐deficiency in the NASW, with the highest dissolved inorganic N:P ratios located within the upperthermocline isopycnals (σϴ = 26.3–26.8). Our data indicate an important role of the midlatitude northeast seasonally stratified North Atlantic bringing dissolved organic matter (DOM) to the thermocline of the North Atlantic. The mineralization of N‐rich DOM contributes to the N excess (P deficit) of the upperthermocline of NASW. We find lower concentrations of more reactive DOP in the western than in the eastern part of the transect, indicating an active role of DOP in the nutrition of microbial communities. Our results support recent hypotheses concerning the environmental controls of marine nitrogen fixation identifying the key role of DOP utilization.


The invention discloses a frame rate conversion control method and a frame rate conversion control device. The method comprises the following steps: firstly, receiving and judging the scene type of a present data frame, subsequently determining the level of motion estimate and motion compensation corresponding to the scene type of the data frame according to preset rules; performing frame rate conversion according to the level of the motion estimate and the motion compensation. By adopting the embodiment of the invention, through automatic judgment on the scene type, the most applicable level of motion estimate and motion compensation can be confirmed in a self-adaptive manner, FRC (Frame Rate Conversion) can be dynamically controlled according to the level so as to perform frame rate conversion in different states, the parameters of an MEMC (Motion Estimate and Motion Compensation) algorithm can be adjusted, the MEMC algorithm is prevented from being invalid, and the display effect is improved.


Boom of golden week tourism is a special phenomenon in China's tourism. The resulting congestion problems need to be solved. Many scholars have discussed the problem from a different angle. But, it is less that articles discuss congestion problems from angle of the design of the tourist routes. By means of quantitative analysis, article has discussed internal logic between design of tourist routes and congestion phenomenon. The conclusions are as follows. Firstly, sightseeing is the main form of tourism in the Chinese domestic travel. So, tour time is relatively less in every tourist attractions. When the total travel days increased, it is increasing that tourist visit the number of tourist attractions. Secondly, travel agencies tend to choose long-distance travel destination in the design of the tourist routes. This increased traffic time between the origin area of tourists and tourism destination. This leads to traffic congestion. Thirdly, travel agencies tend to be high visibility and high level tourism attractions as a tourist destination in the design of the tourist routes. And 20.33% of the total number of tourism travel in 4.11% days throughout the year. So, tourists have excessive concentration. This leads to the congestion in tourism attractions.


The usefulness and accuracy of several approximations in the semiclassical derivation of the differential elastic scattering cross section are evaluated for the purpose of defining the best way of analyzing experimental data to obtain potential parameters.


The analysis of various approaches to the heat conductivity modeling in soils with phase transition based on Stefan problem is provided. Herein the analytical solution for Stefan problem is received only for special cases.The approximate methods of mathematical modeling of heat exchange in soils and construction materials based on the Stefan problem without initial data are offered. The found analytical solution can be a basis for approximate solutions of a wide range of heat exchange problems at harmonious oscillation of temperature on one of the borders. The mathematical apparatus for estimating problems solution of freezing and melting in areas with plane-parallel and axial symmetry is considered. Solutions for applied problems of constructions building and operation in the permafrost conditions are provided.


This text presents two contemporary publications dedicated to the teaching of rhetoric in Bulgarian secondary and higher education institutions. The books summarize the authors' experience in theoretical modeling and practical presentation in modern online formats of various oratorical approaches, as well as the creation of text types that require different communicative and oratorical competencies. In the teaching aid "Online Rhetoric Course" a special glossary has been prepared, which includes more than 100 terms, starting from metaphor and reaching terms from modern visual rhetoric. In the book "Teaching Rhetoric Online. Open resources" there are developed methodological guidelines for writing and delivering various types of speeches: from solemn speeches through business speeches and motivational speeches. The teaching aid also contains instructions for preparing and conducting debates and discussions, which are established dialogic rhetorical genres and formats useful for various specialists in various professional fields. The study aid has podcasts, one of which is with speeches voiced and delivered by an actor in Bulgarian, not only in English. The aids will be useful to a wide range of professionals who wish to improve their public speaking skills.


In order to plot washability curve correctly and simply,this paper presents a simple new method which is based on the Origin7.5.The specific techniques is first to use the Excel for the coal pre-treatment,and then make use of the interpolation function in the built-in Origin7.5 to display the curve accurately.The results show that,through the curve,we can not only observe the better fitting results,but also get good compatibility with the AutoCAD.So we can come to the conclusion that it is an effective method in drawing the washability curves.