Digit-serial systolic multipliers over $GF(2^m)$ based on the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) recommended trinomials play a critical role in the real-time operations of cryptosystems. Systolic multipliers over $GF(2^m)$ involve a large number of registers of size $O(m^2)$ which results in significant increase in area complexity. In this paper, we propose a novel low register-complexity digit-serial trinomial-based finite field multiplier. The proposed architecture is derived through two novel coherent interdependent stages: (i) derivation of an efficient hardware-oriented algorithm based on a novel input-operand feeding scheme and (ii) appropriate design of novel low register-complexity systolic structure based on the proposed algorithm. The extension of the proposed design to Karatsuba algorithm (KA)-based structure is also presented. The proposed design is synthesized for FPGA implementation and it is shown that it (the design based on regular multiplication process) could achieve more than 12.1 percent saving in area-delay product and nearly 2.8 percent saving in power-delay product. To the best of the authors' knowledge, the register-complexity of proposed structure is so far the least among the competing designs for trinomial based systolic multipliers (for the same type of multiplication algorithm).


Objective To investigate biological functions of arlS gene deletion which encodes a histidine kinase and is located in the arlS/R two-component signal transduction system of S. epidermidis. Methods A plasmid pBT2-△arlS was constructed with inserting erythromycin resistance gene (ermB). Then S. epidermidis 1457 transformed with pBT2-AarlS by electroporation was continuously subcultured at 43℃until arlS deletion strain (SE1457-△arlS) was selected by homologous recombination. Effect of the arlS mutant on biofilm formation was examined by a semi-quantitative microtiter plate assay. Bacterial growth curve was determined by measuring the value of A595. The bacteriolytic activities of supematants from overnight culture were measured, and Triton X-100-induced autolysis of SE1457-△arlS was performed. Results The plasmid pBT2-△arlS was constructed and arlS gene was deleted from the genome of S. epidermidis 1457 strain. The growth curve of wild type 5. epidermidis strain and SE1457-△arlS were similar, which indicates that arlS mutant has no obvious effect on the proliferation of S. epidermidis . However, as compared with wild type strain, SE1457-△arlS has lower capacity of biofilm formation. After induction by 0. 1%Triton X-100, the lytic percentage of SE1457-△arlS and the wild strain was 97.83% and 55.38% respectively. However, bacteriolytic activity of the overnight culture supernatant from SE1457-△arlS is lower than that of the wild strain. Conclusion arlS gene of the arlS/R two-component signal transduction system of S. epidermidis can regulate bacterial biofilm formation, autolysis and extracellular bacteno-lytic activity.


Previous research has indicated that letters of recommendation are poor predictors of future performance, in part because characteristics of the letter writer and letter reader interfere with the objective analysis of the content of the letter. To help correct this problem, Peres and Garcia (1962) developed a technique for analyzing the content of letters of recommendation by identifying traits mentioned in each letter and placing the traits into one of five categories. It was the purpose of this paper to determine if the Peres and Garcia technique would be a valid method of predicting performance of psychology instructors and graduate students. The results of the two studies indicate that traits from letters of recommendation can be reliably classified into the five Peres and Garcia categories and that these traits are valid predictors of future performance (r's = .32 and .38).


Objective. This article examines state party activity in support of U.S. Senate candidates during the 2000 election. The literature on the service role of parties suggests that national parties will be active in support of candidates, while state parties will be inclined to provide mobilization services. However, state parties are also in a good position to provide campaign contributions and technical services usually supplied by national party organizations. Methods. Focusing on the 2000 elections, I use campaign finance data from the Federal Election Commission as well as original data derived from a survey of the state parties to investigate the relationship between state parties and U.S. Senate candidates. Results. The results indicate not only that state parties were remarkably active in support of U.S. Senate candidates, but also that Republican state parties appeared to better target their support to more deserving candidates than did Democratic state parties. Closer scrutiny, however, reveals that the Democrats, by using state party organizations as the conduit of coordinated expenditures, were more successful in providing resources to candidates who would win. Conclusions. Although much of the activity of state party organizations is explained by money transfers from national party organizations, it is the transfer of hard money that accounts for state party activity in U.S. Senate campaigns. This brings into question the impact of recent campaign finance reforms on the relationship between state parties and U.S. Senate candidates.


Tuberculosis tenosynovitis of the hand usually involves the flexor tendons. In contrast, extensor tuberculosis tenosynovitis is much less common than flexor tendon disease. 1,2 Computed tomography scans and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) may allow the evaluation of the three pathologi-cal stages of the tenosynovial disease: the hygromatous (increased synovial fluid and mild synovial proliferation), the serofibrinous (moderate synovial thickening with rice bodies)


The effects of wetting and drying, and freezing and thawing on the stability of aggregates produced by laboratory manipulation or field tillage were studied on two British soils. Changes in aggregate stability were assessed by turbidimetry, with some information from microstructural changes at the surface of the aggregates using the scanning electron microscope (SEM). After 3 to 6 cycles of wetting and drying, and freezing and thawing the stability of sterilized and unsterilized remoulded aggregates recovered to that of natural aggregates. This recovery is explained in terms of thixotropy. Repeated weather cycles decreased the stability of field aggregates. The reduction in stability was greater for sterilized than unsterilized aggregates, suggesting that in the former, bond reformation due to biological activity counteracted the physical destruction caused by wetting and drying, and freezing and thawing.


A backlight assembly and a display device having the same while improving the brightness uniformity are provided to increase luminance uniformity by diffusing light generated from lamps by optical plates. A plurality of lamps(300) includes a long bar shape in a first direction. Lamps are parallel arranged according to the first direction and the materially perpendicular backward. Two or more optical plates(400) includes the diffusing member includes a plurality of optical patterns parallel formed according to backward. Optical sheets(500) are arranged in the upper part of the diffusing member. The optical sheets improve the optical characteristics. A receiving vessel includes a bottom plate and a side wall formed in the edge of the bottom plate. The carrying box receives lamps the diffusing element and optical sheets.


A good deal of attention has been paid in recent years to the relationships between Methodists and Catholics in England in the eighteenth century and, in particular, to John Wesley's own dealings with Catholics and Catholicism. This article examines a link with Catholicism at the very heart of Methodism's first family: the involvement of Samuel Wesley (1766–1837), the younger of the two musician sons of Charles Wesley, and the nephew of John. As will be seen below, Wesley converted in 1784, marking the occasion by composing an elaborate setting of the Ordinary of the Mass (the Missa de Spiritu Sancto) which he sent to Pope Pius VI. This article discusses the background to the composition of the Mass, its musical content, and the subsequent history of its autograph score. It is prompted by the publication of a performing edition of the work and by a subsequent performance (almost certainly the world première) in St Patrick's Cathedral, Dublin, on 10 September 1997, which was recorded and later broadcast on both Irish and British radio.


The utility model discloses a spiral aviation gas turbine engine compressor, including screw axis and rotation axis, the screw axis includes compressor blade and hollow shaft, the compressor blade is spiral overall structure, the edge of compressor blade is equipped with the strake, the compressor blade integration sets up at the hollow shaft outer wall, rotatory axle sleeve is established inside the hollow shaft, and axis of rotation drives the screw axis and rotates. The utility model discloses fused axial -flow type and centrifugal compressor's advantage, simple structure easily makes.


A technique is described for analyzing bursts and burst-like events with a digital recording system and a general-purpose computer. The waveform of the burst is sampled by an analog-to-digital converter and stored on magnetic tape. The digitized samples are used as input data to an IBM 7094 data processing system for which a burst-analysis program has been written in the FORTRAN language. The analysis of amplitude and shape variations of a burst train is completed without manual processing of the data. This technique is used to analyze the acoustical noise produced by a card punch.


The invention discloses power source managing method of portable electric product, the cell provides operating power for system via a power supply voltage-stabilizing module with enable end, at the same time, a press switch is set at the output end of the power supplying cell, at the two state of running normally and closing, by detecting the press switch action signal and starting and closing information to make the enable end of the power supply voltage-stabilizing module in effective or ineffective state, the operating voltage output end of the power supply voltage-stabilizing module makes corresponding response according to the effective or ineffective state. The invention can fully realize the electricity-cutting off to save energy, and it is easy, the operation is convenient.


The aim of this paper is to investigate the total ozone content (TOC) over Bulgaria in the time period 1997-2008. Data from the satellite experiments TOMS-EP (1997-2002) and SCIAMACHY (2003-2008) are used. The course of the monthly mean ozone values is presented. The seasonal TOC variations are clearly marked. A quasi-biennial periodicity in the amplitudes of the ozone maxima can be seen. The experimental data show that practically there isn't any trend in the TOC course during the indicated interval. The influence of the solar activity on the total ozone during the current 23-rd solar cycle is analyzed.


In his classic textbook, Principles of Underwater Sound for Engineers, Urick dedicated more space to reverberation, than to any other subject except propagation loss. His characterizations of reverberation were practical, easily understood, and remarkably complete for the era in which they were written. The chapter on scattering, especially the references, was an invaluable starting point for both students and practicing designers of active sonars. Urick, the sonar designer, pragmatically asserted that reverberation was a ''particularly obnoxious'' phenomenon. However, Urick, the scientist, demonstrated an unbridled curiosity about the underlying causes of the phenomena that he observed in the sea. Near the end of his active career in acoustics, the patterns of research into sound scattering changed dramatically. Urick personally encouraged young scientists to pursue a detailed understanding of the causes of scattering. Reverberation, which clearly had been a part of the ''noise'' in the sea became a ''si...


: One of the great challenges for inclusive education is teacher training and practice, which often does not meet the demand and need for this type of teaching. An inclusive school must be understood in a broad sense and not just as an individual case, as it is a reality to be discussed. Therefore, the teacher must work with the entire school community; after all, inclusive education counts on the active participation of all so that this practice is effective. Therefore, this work aims to contribute to studies in the area, seeking to reduce the existing gap and help in the identification of teaching methodologies of Geography that improve the understanding of the blind. This article has an integrative research character, allowing a broad methodological approach based on experimental and non-experimental research to complete the understanding of the researched phenomenon. This research was carried out through articles published between 2016 and 2022, focusing on articles found in several databases, such as Google Scholar. From the review carried out where the results obtained by other authors were analyzed, it can be concluded that an inclusive education, in which everyone can enjoy knowledge is what we try to discuss through this present work. Exposing the immense challenge that involves the school-student-teacher tripod; It was presented as a result of this research questions that have in view the problem of inclusive education for blind and low vision students, because it was starting from a real situation of the school daily life that we opened the range of this very important variety of teaching, school inclusion.


In many emerging security applications, a property of a system, that may reveal important details about its behaviour, needs to be kept secret (opaque) to outside observers (intruders). Motivated by such applications, several authors have formalized, analyzed, and described methods to verify notions of opacity in discrete event systems of interest. This paper offers a review of various definitions of opacity, along with methodologies for their verification and complexity analysis. We review state-based notions of opacity (namely, current-state opacity and initial-state opacity) in non-deterministic finite automata, as well as their extensions to stochastic settings. Specifically, we discuss these notions of opacity and methods to verify them in discrete event systems modeled by non-deterministic finite automata (NFA's) or probabilistic finite automata (PFA's).


This research aims to develop instruments to validate virtual fairytale products as an alternative to character building in elementary schools. The research method used was a quantitative descriptive. The data were collected using questionnaires distributed to validators according to their respective fields. The experts involved in developing this instrument were a Javanese linguist, a multimedia expert, an educational technology expert, and education practitioners. The data analysis technique used was the Likert Scale. To assess the validity and reliability of the product using the SPSS 16.0 program. It is concluded that 17 items in the instrument validation for virtual fairy tale products are valid. This is evidenced by the results of the F XY > F table at a significance value of 5%. The reliability test resulted in the value of the instrument reliability coefficient of 0.994. Thus, it can be concluded that the validation instrument for virtual fairy tale products as an alternative to character building in elementary schools is valid and reliable. It is recommended that further research presents expert judgment results for virtual fairytale products as an alternative to character building in primary schools.


ABSTRACT Employee groups vary in their perceptions of the importance of EAP services. Women value them more than men, and, in a university setting, office and service workers value EAP services more than do administration and faculty.


A numerical model description of a hot Jupiter extended envelope based on the approximation of multi-component magnetic hydrodynamics is presented. The main attention is focused on the problem of implementing the completed MHD stellar wind model. As a result, the numerical model becomes applicable for calculating the structure of the extended envelope of hot Jupiters not only in the super-Alfvén and sub-Alfvén regimes of the stellar wind flow around and in the trans-Alfvén regime. The multi-component MHD approximation allows the consideration of changes in the chemical composition of hydrogen–helium envelopes of hot Jupiters. The results of calculations show that, in the case of a super-Alfvén flow regime, all the previously discovered types of extended gas-dynamic envelopes are realized in the new numerical model. With an increase in magnitude of the wind magnetic field, the extended envelope tends to become more closed. Under the influence of a strong magnetic field of the stellar wind, the envelope matter does not move along the ballistic trajectory but along the magnetic field lines of the wind toward the host star. This corresponds to an additional (sub-Alfvénic) envelope type of hot Jupiters, which has specific observational features. In the transient (trans-Alfvén) mode, a bow shock wave has a fragmentary nature. In the fully sub-Alfvén regime, the bow shock wave is not formed, and the flow structure is shock-less.


The TOF, multi-anode gas ionization chamber, Bragg and X-ray detectors in accelerator mass spectrometry are described. The time, ΔE and E signals obtained from these detectors have been used for particle identification. The applications and the experimental results by using these detector systems in HI-13 tandem AMS facility have been introduced in details.


The overall pattern of changes in real expenditure and output was markedly different in 1978 from that of 1977 (see chart 1). In 1977, largely because of the undertakings given in the Letter of Intent to the IMF of December 1976, fiscal policy was deliberately restrictive. The stance of fiscal policy was made harsher still by the public expenditure shortfall produced by the operation of the relatively unfamiliar cash limits. There was a fairly small fall in public authorities' current spending and much larger falls in capital expenditures. Private consumption, too, fell as stages II and III of the pay policy operated. Trade to 6 per cent of the labour force. Retail price inflation did, however, fall fractionally from 16.5 per cent in 1976 to 15.9 per cent in 1977 (and to 13 per cent through the year).


A tap water meter for supplying tap water purified from a water purification facility to a smart home through a tap water pipe via a booster station includes: a judgment control part for calculating the use of domestic water according to the occurrence of a measurement value between a first level and a second level and a leak probability according to the occurrence of abnormality equal to or higher than the second level, based on the result of a comparison and processing part; and a security management server which generates lonely death suspected event data when GPS location information is inside the smart home and the use of domestic water according to the occurrence of the measurement value between the first level and the second level is not more than the input value of a manager, based on the results of the water meter comparison and processing part in the smart home. It is possible to construct a low power wide area network (LPWAN) home platform.


In ancient China,people used bamboo count for calculation.Since the period of the middle of Ming Dynasty,bamboo count had been replaced by abacuses.Threrefore,abacus took the palce of bamboo count as a popular way of calculation,which showed the need of social and economic development and which also lasted for a long time.Beads of glazed pottery on an abacus excavated from the relic of Western Marketplace in Chang'an,capital of Tang Dynasty,were suspected to be the beads of abacus board mentioned in Anecdote of Mathematics by Zhen Luan,a mathematician in Northern Dynasty.The emergence of this kind of beads marked an important step in the evolution from bamboo count to abacus.


The photoacoustic measuring device of the concentration of at least one gas comprises: - a resonant tank (14) constituted such Helmholtz at least two tubes closed at their ends and connected to each other, close to each of their ends by capillary tubes of diameter smaller than the diameter of the parallel tubes and - means (55) introducing gas into said vessel, characterized in that it further comprises: - at least two radiant energy sources lasers (11A, 11B) adapted to provide an excitation energy to the gas contained in the tank, whose emission wavelength corresponds to a maximum absorption wavelength locally for said gas, each said source radiant energy being positioned opposite a window closing a pipe end, - modulation means (17) which modulates the excitation energy supplied by each of the laser energy sources with a modulation frequency in correspondan this with the acoustic resonance frequency of the resonant tank and - at least one acousto-electrical transducer (20, 21) disposed on one of the tubes to detect acoustic signals produced in the tube and provide an electrical signal representative of the concentration the gas in the tank.


PURPOSE: To provide the subject composition that contains a specific benzo[b]thiophene derivative as an active ingredient and is excellent in inhibition of obsessive-compulsive disorder and consumptive disorder. CONSTITUTION: The objective composition includes a compound of formula I R and R are each H, methyl, -CO-alkyl of 1-6C or a group of the formula: -CO-Ar [Ar is a (substituted) phenyl]; R is pyrrolidino, hexamethylenimino or piperidino} or their salt or solvate, for example, a compound of formula II (hydrochloride). In a preferred embodiment, the daily dose of this composition is 0.1-1,000 mg based on the amount of the compound of formula I.


The research conducted is to study which dimension within the Level Five leadership that is often used by the Executive Leader of Sekolah Islam Hidayah Johor Bahru and how he practices it. The dimension that will be viewed are organization management, discipline management, personal humility and professional will. Two methods of data collection are employed in this study, namely survey method and qualitative study. The survey method involved 30 respondents, which are the staffs of the school, and the qualitative study by interview include four respondents which are the principal, the head master and two support staffs. The data collected will be analyzed manually involving coding and interpretations or data analysis. The quantitative method is analyzed using the SPSS version 17.0 with quantitative approaches which are frequency, mean, percentage and standard deviation. The research shows the highest mean in from the personal humility dimension (mean 4.04) followed by organization management (mean 4.01), professional will (3.97) and discipline management (mean 3.89). This result showed that the personal humility is the most frequently used dimension of the Executive Leader and is accepted by the organist. The quantitative study data through the interview is found strongly supportive to the quantitative data. Furthermore, thru interviews and observations made, their "tarbiah" within the "usrah" program executed could be considered the strengths and specialties of Sekolah Islam Hidayah in creating an "addeen" environment, especially the leadership practices used by the Executive Leader of Sekolah Islam Hidayah Johor Bahru. Finally, a more comprehensive study was proposed to substantiate the existing findings.


Oral administration of calcitonin could improve compliance to long‐term treatment. Efficacy and safety of a novel oral formulation was assessed on 277 postmenopausal women. The results show (1) effective enteral absorption, (2) marked inhibition of bone resorption with minimal alteration of formation, and (3) reproducibility of responses over 3 months.


Magnetic hysteresis curves were calculated using the Monte Carlo method to study the dependence of magnetic properties on the distribution of magnetic sites based on simple diffusion model. The simulated curves illustrate that the magnetic sites distributions influence strongly the magnetic remanence and coercivity depending on diffusion step. Furthermore, the clusters are divided into "colonies", which are defined as groups of magnetic sites linked by the nearest neighbors, to analyze effect for the hysteresis curves of local structures of magnetic sites in the clusters. These results support that the magnetic sites dispersion system included localized bias determines its magnetic properties depending on the diffusion step, and they would be a new point of view for control of magnetic properties.


The program plan consists of research that has been divided into 13 different areas. These areas focus on the radioactive inventories that are expected in fusion reactors, the energy sources potentially available to release a portion of these inventories, and analysis and design techniques to assess and ensure that the safety risks associated with operation of magnetic fusion facilities are acceptably low. The document presents both long-term program requirements that must be fulfilled as part of the commercialization of fusion power and a five-year plan for each of the 13 different program areas. Also presented is a general discussion of magnetic fusion reactor safety, a method for establishing priorities in the program, and specific priority ratings for each task in the five-year plan.


This article provides a short introduction to standard considerations in the formal study of wages and illustrates the use of multiple regression and resampling simulation approaches in a case study of faculty salaries at one university. Multiple regression is especially beneficial where it provides information on strength of association, specific dollar estimates, and the option to identify outliers by gender. Resampling simulation allows for analysis at the department level and is beneficial where distributions depart substantially from normal, particularly where there are unequal error variances. Results indicate that both regression and simulation methods provided evidence of a sizable pay gap associated with gender, even after controlling for rank, academic field, and years of service. The gap occurs in fields traditionally viewed as female as well as science fields with typically lower female representation. Finally, we discuss implications for remediation based on these models.


This study determines political choices in the legislative general election in Palembang by responding to political realities that are not directly related to religious issues and the creation of voter polarization and voter subjectivity. Political relations between religion and other political instruments are considered something that does not show their identity. In this study, the researcher used a qualitative method with a phenomenological study and a political sociology approach. Followed by content and interpretive analysis, the results of this study found that Muslim citizens have three attitudes, namely; first; positive toward legislative candidates. This means that Muslims know, believe, agree with themselves as voters and vote based on the vision and mission of the legislative candidates. Both neutral attitudes know themselves as voters who care enough about the vision and mission of the legislative candidates. The third negative attitude is when the Muslim community does not know, does not believe, does not agree, and is apathetic.


Objective To study the role of the NO-biosynthesis inhibitor N-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) in dopamine(DA)-induced gastrointestinal propulsion of mice.?Methods 32 mice were divided randomly into 3 groups: control group ( n =6) received normal saline intravenously; group A ( n =7) received dopamine intravenously; group B ( n =19) were pretreated with different dosage of L-NAME followed by intravenous dopamine 10 min later, respectively. A mixture of activated charcoal (12%) and gum tragacanth(4%) was perfused into the stomach of mouse. The percentage length of in small intestinal propulsion within 20 minutes was taken to express the intestinal propulsion speed and gastric emptying was assessed by measuring remained volume in the stomach.?Results DA significantly reduced the speed of intestinal propulsion and increased intragastric remained volume compared with those of control ( P 0.01, P 0.05);That DA inhibited The speed of small intestinal propulsion and gastric emptying was reversed by intravenous inhibitor of NO synthesis (L-NAME 3 mg/ kg).Pretreated by intravenous inhibitor of NO synthesis (L-NAME 6 mg/kg or 12 mg/kg), ?the speed of intestinal propulsion reduced by 3.8% and 18.8%, ? intragastric remained volume increased by 28.8% and 45.6% ( P 0.05), respectively.? Conclusion That DA-inhibited small intestinal propulsion may contribute to its delayed gastric emptying. NO is responsible for the DA-mediated small intestinal motility and gastric emptying.


In this paper,Hamiltonian system is introduced.In the system,the critical impact loads,critical temperatures and their buckling modes of the problem are reduced to the problems of generalized eigenvalues and eigensolutions respectively.Since the symplectic space of eigensolutions is complete and there are adjoint relationships of the symplectic ortho-normalization between the eigensolutions,all buckling modes,which exist independently,are shown.Numerical results show that buckling modes of elastic cylindrical shells are complicated under axial impact coupling with thermal loads.The temperature can change the critical values of the impact load.Namely,critical impact loads decrease with the temperature getting the higher.Some buckling modes are given under various conditions.


This article provides an overview of the organization and legal regulation of government activities in a pandemic. Based on the analysis of the regulatory framework and other open sources, the author analyzes the issues of increasing the authority and responsibility of the government in the event of a pandemic in countries with different legal systems and forms of government. The legal aspects of the problems of organizing and regulating the activities of government bodies in emergency situations have been studied. He studies the experience of foreign countries, the initiatives of the Republic of Uzbekistan, modern trends based on the UN recommendations. Particular emphasis was placed on the participation of governments in the legislative process and the transfer of parliamentary powers to the government, and recommendations were made to the modern government on the most important areas of preventing the digital divide. Particular attention is paid to the digitalization of government activities, the development of government services.


The utility model provides a water heater device. The water heater device comprises a gas water heater, an electric water heater and a plurality of water utilization units, wherein the gas water heater comprises a first water inlet and a first water outlet, the electric water heater comprises a second water inlet and a second water outlet, the first water outlet is connected with the second water inlet, the water utilization units are connected with the second water outlet, the first water inlet is provided with a first valve, the first water outlet is provided with a second valve, the second water inlet is provided with a third valve, the second water outlet is provided with a fourth valve, a first normally-closed valve is arranged between the inlet end of the first valve and the outlet end of the second valve, and a second normally-closed valve is arranged between the inlet end of the third valve and the outlet end of the fourth valve. According to the water heater device, the water outlet of the gas water heater is connected with the water inlet of the electric water heater in series, the gas and electricity complementation is achieved, and use is reliable.


The relief of the ice-sheet bed predetermines the location of the valleys both in vast regions and in local, relatively limited areas. The influence of the relief in a large region on the formation of valleys occurs in lowland, more dissected northern and western regions of Belarus. Here, the bedrock relief plays a key role in appearance the hollow-like Vidzovsky, Polotsk and Surazh glacial erosion depressions and in isolation of the elevations separating them. The distribution of these largest forms of glacial erosion is associated with the regional picture of the glacial ice flow in topographic depressions, increased erosion of the ice bed, which developed under the glacial streams and lobes of the Scandinavian ice sheet. The degree and character of the relief dissection, the size, surface slope and orientation of the depressions, river paleo-valleys, elevations, and escarps had a leading role in the location of valleys in local, relatively limited areas. Their significance for the formation of valleys was to determine the local picture of the glacial flow and the areas where stresses were concentrated at the bed and glacial erosion intensified. The formation of tunnel valleys was possible in depressions and in the dissected relief of the glacial bed, which contributed to the accumulation of meltwater, the formation of subglacial lakes, as well as the concentration of meltwater in the subglacial channels.


Background: Mast cells are increasingly recognized as important contributors to smoking-induced inflammation. IL-17A is a cytokine produced by inflammatory cells which promotes neutrophilic inflammation. We evaluated whether IL-17A is expressed by mast cells in the airways of smokers. Methods: Immunohistochemical staining was performed in large (LA) and small (SA) airways from 12 (ex-) smokers undergoing lung cancer resection. In airways free of tumour a double staining protocol was used for the simultaneous visualization of mucosal (MC T , positive for the protease tryptase) and connective tissue (MC TC , positive for the proteases chymase and tryptase) mast cells as well as for IL-17A and MC T resp. MC TC . Image analysis was performed using spectral microscopy. Values are expressed as cells/BM length for inner and outer layers. Results: See Table 1. Conclusion: A marked proportion of mast cells in LA and SA of smokers express IL-17A. High expression of IL-17A was observed in both MC T and MC TC , and mast cells situated in the outer layer. These findings suggest that mast cells contribute to inflammation in LA and SA via IL-17A expression.


Summary A trial involving 21 provenances form Indonesia and 7 "local" seed sources of Casuarina junghuhniana was established at Lushoto, Tanzania in March 1997. At 22 and 48 months of age, the following characteristics were assessed: survival, root collar diameter (RCD ), breast height diameter (DBH) and height. The following were only assessed at 48 months of age: stem volume, biomass production and foliar nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) nutrient concentration and content. At all assessment occasions except for height (22 months of age), Nand P concentration and P content ( 48 months of age), significant provenance/land race variation was observed for the rest of the characteristics studied. At 48 months of age, the four best performing seed sources were: Mt. Bromo, East Java; Mt. Pohen, Bali; KARl, Muguga, Kenya andMt. Brumo, EastJ ava while the four worst performing ones were: Kapan, Kumpang, Timor; 25 km S.W.Soe, Timor; Noelmina River, Timor and Buat, Soe, Timor. Although these results are based on early performance of the seed sources, the promising seed sources are recommended for pilot planting at Lushoto and similar sites. Further evaluation is however, necessary to confirm the best provenances/land races.


Low-valent titanium species were prepared by reaction of [TiCp*X3] (Cp* = η5-C5Me5; X = Cl, Br, Me) with LiEH 4 (E = Al, B) or BH3(thf), and their structures elucidated by experimental and theoretical methods. The treatment of trihalides [TiCp*X3] with LiAlH4 in ethereal solvents (L) leads to the hydride-bridged heterometallic complexes [{TiCp*(μ-H)}2{(μ-H)2AlX(L)}2] (L = thf, X = Cl, Br; L = OEt2, X = Cl). Density functional theory (DFT) calculations for those compounds reveal an open-shell singlet ground state with a Ti-Ti bond and can be described as titanium(II) species. The theoretical analyses also show strong interactions between the Ti-Ti bond and the empty s orbitals of the Al atom of the AlH2XL fragments, which behave as σ-accepting (Z-type) ligands. Analogous reactions of [TiCp*X3] with LiBH4 (2 and 3 equiv) in tetrahydrofuran at room temperature and at 85 ºC lead to the titanium(III) compounds [{TiCp*(BH4)(μ-X)}2] (X = Cl, Br) and [{TiCp*(BH4)(μ-BH4)}2], respectively. The treatment of [TiCp*Me3] with 4 and 5 equiv of BH3(thf) produces the diamagnetic [{TiCp*(BH3Me)}2(μ-B2H6)] and paramagnetic [{TiCp*(μ-B2H6)}2] complexes, respectively.


Recent experimental campaigns led on the Iroise cable stayed bridge near Brest, France, revealed repeated vibratory events in some cable stay likely to provoke durability problems. A spectral analysis emphasized two regimes in which either the fundamental or the third cable mode were excited. Yet, wavelet scalograms of tests allowed to exhibit a localized pylon mode excited by traffic environment which again excites cable modes by means of a nonlinear parametric resonance mechanism with vertical bending modes of the girder. Preliminary results are introduced as an attempt to explain such a scenario. Mots-clefs : Dynamique des haubans ; resonance parametrique nonlineaire; modele d'Irvine de cable


Annemie~e Craig School of Infonnation Systems Deakin University Email: firstname.lastname@example.com Julie Fisher School of Infonnation Management and Systems Monash University Linda Dawson School ofInfonnation Management and Systems Monash University This paper describes Australia's gender segregated workforce in relation to the current imbalance of women in computing. It explores reasons why this issue should be of concern to the leT industry and society as a whole. Despite the fact that there have been many attempts to redress the imbalance via intervention programs the continuously falling numbers would indicate little success. While evaluation could determine program effectiveness there is evidence of a lack of evaluation of intervention programs. This paper reports on work in progress on an investigation into the evaluation of such programs.


The relationship between a standard for the class of particulate matter smaller than 10 ..mu..m (PM/sub 10/) and thoracic particle sampling has been explored over a wide range of ambient aerosol distributions characteristic of both the European and US situations. As a general trend, the PM/sub 10/ sampling performance does meet the proposed US EPA compliance criterion of +- 10 percent. The major parameters determining compliance are the 50 percent cutpoint of the PM/sub 10/ inlet and the mass median diameter of the coarse particle mode. Also an assessment has been made of a possible relationship between high volume sampling based air quality data and those based upon thoracic particle sampling. For average European situations the following indicative relation does hold: HVS approx. = 1.3 x TP +/- 30 percent, and HVS approx. = 1.25 x PM/sub 10/. For the more arid US situations: HVS approx. = 1.7 x TP and HVS approx. = 1.65 x PM/sub 10/, in realistic agreement with the experimentally observed US findings of HVS approx. = 2.0 x PM/sub 10/. Under extreme situations with high winds both the compliance PM/sub 10/-TP and the relation HVS-TP drastically deteriorate.


In this study, Amirabad Special Economic was used as the study area, the distribution and tracing possible sources TPH, nickel, lead, vanadium, TP and TN were analysed in coastal sediments of 5 transects. According to our results the inner part of the 2 ports, are going to be slightly contaminated with TPH and heavy metals; meaning the contents of all the sites were lower than the background values. Based on physico-chemical parameters of water  and according to dbRDA, the separation of offshore and river area was observed. Based on TOM, TPH and sediment nutrients, PCoA separated river and Sadra port transects. Finally, it seems high inter-annual water MVDISP values, reflecting highly temporal dynamic condition, influence the transportation of sediments along a depth gradient proved by nMDS, and the consecutive resuspension of sediments to open water is strong enough to keep the contaminants from rising to very high levels.


Local wisdom in the old Javanese script generally has the values of moral education as a source of learning and guidelines for achieving goals in various aspects of life. Local wisdom in the Javanese script by Mangkunegara IV, especially the Darmalaksita fiber or often referred to as Darmawasita, is very thick with moral education and motivation in achieving life success. This paper aims to describe how to achieve success in life and about the ethics of sociability. The method used is descriptive method, with literature techniques, and documentation. The results showed that the values of moral education in the Javanese text by Mangkunegara IV include individual, social and religious moral values, namely being a perfect human being: tough, noble, good personality, educated and knowledgeable, hardworking, and able to prosper the family. in undergoing household ark. The results of this study can be used as material for oriental character education, in this case Java.


Segmenting three dimensional microscopy images is essential for understanding phenomena like morphogenesis, cell division, cellular growth and genetic expression patterns. Recently, deep learning (DL) pipelines have been developed which claim to provide high accuracy segmentation of cellular images and are increasingly considered as the state-of-the-art for image segmentation problems. However, it remains difficult to define their relative performance as the concurrent diversity and lack of uniform evaluation strategies makes it difficult to know how their results compare. In this paper, we first made an inventory of the available DL methods for 3D segmentation. We next implemented and quantitatively compared a number of representative DL pipelines, alongside a highly efficient non-DL method named MARS. The DL methods were trained on a common dataset of 3D cellular confocal microscopy images. Their segmentation accuracies were also tested in the presence of different image artifacts. A new method for segmentation quality evaluation was adopted which isolates segmentation errors due to under/over segmentation. This is complemented with new visualization strategies that make interactive exploration of segmentation quality possible. Our analysis shows that the DL pipelines have very different levels of accuracy. Two of them show high performance, and offer clear advantages in terms of adaptability to new data. Introduction The use of 3 dimensional, quantitative (3D) microscopy has become essential for understanding morphogenesis, at cellular resolution, including cell division and growth as well as the regulation of gene expression (Thomas & John, 2017) . In this context, image segmentation to identify individual cells in large datasets is a critical step. Segementation methods broadly belong to two types, namely 'semantic segmentation' in which each pixel within an image is associated with one of the predefined categories of objects present in the image. The other type, which is of interest in this paper, is ' instance segmentation' (Hafiz & Bhat, 2020) . This type of method goes one step further by associating each pixel with an independent object within the image. Segmenting cells from microscopy images falls within this second type of problem. It involves locating the cell contours and cell interiors such that each cell within the image may be identified as an independent entity (Vicar et al., 2019) . High accuracy cell instance segmentation is


The role of putative extracellular sequences for ligand binding in the TRH receptor was examined using deletion or substitution mutations. Each mutant receptor was transiently expressed in TRH receptor-minus GH,PC,b rat pituitary cells, and binding of 4 nu PHlpGlu-N'MeHis-Pro-NH, (PHI MeTRH) was measured. When binding was not detected, signal transduction at 10 PM MeTRH was measured to assess receptor expression. Deletion of most of the N-terminal sequences (GIu*-Leu22), including two potential glycosylation sites, had no effect on the affinity of the receptor for MeTRH. Segmental deletions or simultaneous substitution of multiple amino acid residues in the first, second, or third extracellular loop (ELl, EL2, or EL3) resulted, however, in total loss of pH]MeTRH binding, suggesting important roles for the loop sequences in either receptor expression or ligand binding. Individual substitutions were made to test further the role of the specific extracellular loop sequences in TRH binding. In ELl, conversion of TyP3 to Ala resulted in a more than 20-fold decrease in affinity for MeTRH. In EL2 and the top portion of the fifth transmembrane helix, conversion of Tyr"' to Phe, Tyr'@' to Ala, and Phe'-to Ala resulted in a large (>lOO-fold) decrease in affinity for MeTRH, and conversion of Ty? to Phe and Phe'= to Ala caused an agonist-specific 4- to 5-fold decrease in affinity. In EL3, conversion of Asn-to Ala and of Se? to Ala caused a large (>lOO-fold) decrease in affinity for MeTRH. These results suggest important roles for the extracellular loops in high affinity TRH binding and lead us to propose a model in which TRH binds to the extracellular domain of its receptor. (Molecular Endocrinology 9: 1708-1719, 1995)


This study reports the development of solid oral phytoceutical formulations with Phytocomposite (PHC), an antidiabetic
poly herbal preparation as the active core material. Spherical, monolithic PHC microspheres of size range (10 -100 µm)
were obtained with Hausner ratio, Carr's index and angle of repose of 1.141± 0.010, 12.418±0.769 and 25.17±0.96
respectively. Encapsulation efficiency amongst different batches (F1-F5) ranged from 96.8- 100.7, with 99% release
profile up to 12h. Conventional and sustained release tablets were prepared by direct compression and compatibility
amongst polymers and the PHC checked by FTIR studies. Natural polymers viz. gum kondagogu, gum karaya, Aegle
marmelos gum were used as release retardant. Optimized batch of conventional tablets (F6) showed 99.8 % release in 35
min and optimized batch of PHC-SR tablets (F12) showed 99.9% release at 12th hr, both followed zero order kinetics and
non-Fickian diffusion. These optimized formulations were subjected to stability studies and the similarity factors (f2) of
the conventional and SR tablets were 88.75 and 66.76 respectively. Pharmacokinetic parameters of three formulations in
rat plasma were analyzed by PK Solver 2.0. In vitro-in vivo correlation (IVIVC) of three different formulations showed
Level A correlation in all cases.


Exact knowledge of somatic chromosomes in higher vertebrates, parti cularly in mammals, was until quite recently rather limited. Obviously this was due mainly to technical difficulty associated with unfavorable material. The tissue culture method has been used by some workers as an aid in studying chromosomes, but the advantages of in vitro material versus the classical sectioned and squashed preparations were fully realized only after the report of Hsu and Pomerat ('53) whose technique of prefixation treatment of cultures with a hypotonic saline spreads the dividing chromosomes so that studies on the chromosome number and morphology can be made critically,


Objective To establish a method for the determination of the 5-hydroxymethyfurfural(5-HMF)in Shenmai Injection by RP-HPLC.Methods Venusil MP C18 column(4.6 mm×250 mm,5 μm)was adopted.The mobile phase was methanol-water(7:93)and the flow rate was 1.0 mL·min-1.The detection wavelength was 284 nm.Results The linear range of 5-HMF was 5.148~514.800 ng(r=0.999 8,n=9).The average recovery(n=6) was 101.31% with RSD=1.3%.Conclusion This method was simple,accurate,reproducible,and can be used for the quality control of Shenmai Injection.


ABSTRACT Genomic DNA fingerprint analysis was performed on 39Staphylococcus aureus and 28 Enterococcus faecalis endophthalmitis isolates collected from multiple clinical centers. Among 21 S. aureus genomic DNA fingerprint patterns identified, five clonotypes were recovered from multiple unrelated patients and accounted for 58.9% (23 of 39) of the isolates analyzed. Compared with strains having unique genomic DNA fingerprint patterns, the S. aureus clonotypes occurring more than once were more likely to result in visual acuities of 20/200 or worse (P = 0.036 [χ2 test]). In contrast to the S. aureus isolates, the E. faecalis endophthalmitis isolates were a clonally diverse population, enriched for the expression of a known toxin, cytolysin, which is plasmid encoded.


Recently, HBM (High Bandwidth Memory) and PIM (Processing in Memory) integrated technology such as Samsung function-in-memory DRAM opens a new door for memory-intensive PoW acceleration by jointly exploiting GPU, PIM and HBM. In this paper, we for the first time propose a GPU/PIM Co-Mining framework to accelerate memory intensive PoW by fully exploiting HBM-PIM's bandwidth and coordinately scheduling mining tasks in both GPU and PIM. Specifically, we first design a linear programming model to intelligently guide the GPU/PIM task scheduling. An extended finite-state-machine model is designed for the GPU memory controller to switch PIM working mode (compute/memory mode) accordingly. Finally, considering the speed difference between intra-/inter-channel memory accesses, a hybrid memory access method is proposed to minimize inter-channel data movements. We evaluate Co-Mining based on Samsung's HBM2-based function-in-memory architecture. The experimental results show that it can achieve up to 38.5% hashrate improvement compared with the method by directly integrating PIM into PoW acceleration with GPU.


Isna 'Ashari and Isma'ili Shi'ism: from South Asia to the Indian Ocean, edited by Dr Justin Jones of Oxford University and Dr Ali Usman Qasmi of the Lahore University of Management Sciences, is our fifth special issue in recent years. Its articles, by scholars from a range of disciplines - history, religious studies, anthropology, political science - explore the historical and contemporary dynamics of various South Asian Shi'i communities living in, and moving between, places that border the Indian Ocean. Indeed, taken en masse, they demonstrate the enduring vitality of these communities, whose members have responded in a range of ways to the opportunities and challenges of the complex religious, social and political context of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries.


Increasing demands in radar sensor performance for automotive applications require reliable test solutions for the development and verification. In this paper, a modulation-based radar target simulator suitable for automotive settings is presented. A cost-effective circuit with low complexity is proposed that modulates the radar signal directly in the E-Band without an intermediate frequency stage. Models are derived for predicting the limitations of such radar target simulators due to hardware nonidealities. The introduced radar target simulator is analyzed with respect to the derived nonidealities in order to predict its performance based on the models. As a verification, radar measurements with the target simulator are conducted, and compared with the models' predictions.


Different tunnels are not only different in person,but also distinct in inner equipment.This paper summarizes and demarcates inner equipment of tunnel,in addition to studying idea of modeling to different inner equipment.Eventually,through Open Graphic Library OpenGL which is independent from any hardware and any software,the cruise and display of three-dimensional to inner equipment of tunnel by are realized VC++.NET.


The one-dimensional, ordinary differential equation (ODE) that satisfies the midplane gravitational potential of truncated, flat powerlaw disks is extended to the whole physical space. It is shown that thickness effects (i.e. non-flatness) can be easily accounted for by implementing an appropriate "softening length" λ. The solution of this "softened ODE" has the following properties: i) it is regular at the edges (finite radial accelerations); ii) it possesses the correct long-range properties; iii) it matches the Newtonian potential of a geometrically thin disk very well; and iv) it tends continuously to the flat disk solution in the limit λ → 0. As illustrated by many examples, the ODE, subject to exact Dirichlet conditions, can be solved numerically with efficiency for any given colatitude at second-order from center to infinity using radial mapping. This approach is therefore particularly well-suited to generating grids of gravitational forces in order to study particles moving under the field of a gravitating disk as found in various contexts (active nuclei, stellar systems, young stellar objects). Extension to non-power-law surface density profiles is straightforward through superposition. Grids can be produced upon request.


The Sub-6GHz spectrum is crucial for outdoor coverage in the fifth generation (5G) mobile communication systems. Considering the typical urban outdoor environment, one of the fundamental challenges for Sub-6GHz system is its susceptibility to occlusion effects. One way to alleviate this influence is to establish another line of sight link by using an intelligent reflecting surface (IRS). Nevertheless, the performance degradation due to the delay and overhead of the channel feedback can not be neglected. To address this issue, in this paper we propose a radio environment map (REM) based method for occlusion and channel prediction to reduce the delay and overhead. Based on the image information captured by the REM constructor, the user equipments' (UEs') location at the next moment are predicted firstly. Then we make prediction for occlusion and channel condition and determine the transmission mode (TM) for each UE. Finally, the optimal phase is obtained by solving a phase optimization problem under a given TM selection matrix constraint. Compared to the state-of-the-art approaches, simulation results show that our proposed method significantly improve the link reliability and energy efficiency.


The present invention relates to a wireless process control system 1 for reducing the wireless sensor nodes S1 of the process control system 1, S2, ..., Si, ..., Sn power consumption of 20 methods. The wireless process control system 1 further comprises sensor nodes S1, S2, ..., Si, ..., Sn for radio communication controller, wherein the sensor node is in the sleep mode. The method 20 comprises the steps of: based on the prediction error signal from the sensor 21 when to nodes S1, S2, ..., Si, ..., Sn sensor measurement data and based on which the controller determines a node 2 and the sensor S1, S2, ..., time communication between the Si, ..., Sn; and a sensor node S1, S2, ..., Si, ..., Sn re- entering sleep mode. The present invention further relates to a computer program product, and a controller.


The utility model relates to a pocket electronic pulse thermometer which can simultaneously measure body temperature and pulse and display the body temperature and the pulse on the same display by turns. A thermal resistor (1) and a piezoelectric ceramics plate (2) are combined on a minute probe by the pulse thermometer. The body temperature and the pulse are measured by human body's axilla or other parts to respectively transmit the signals to a back micro computer. The signals after treated are automatically displayed on the same display by turns at different times by the control of the micro computer. The pulse thermometer has minute volume, can be placed under the axilla to measure the body temperature as the traditional thermometer and can also simultaneously measure the pulse rate. The utility model can be duly taken out after sound alarm to obtain the body temperature value and the pulse value displayed by turns.


Anoectochilus genus is an epiphytic Orchid used as a traditional Chinese folk medicine for the treatment of many diseases. Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) such as Bacillus subtilis play an important role in promoting medicinal orchids growth. This study aimed to investigate the promoting role of B. subtilis BS87 on the biomass and contents of some natural products in A. roxburghii and A. formosanus such as flavonoids, steroids and essential oils, in A.roxburghii and A. formosanus treated for 90 days with B. subtilis BS87, the flavonoid contents reached 1.208% and 1.424%, respectively, whereas the steroid content in both species was closely values approximately. The essential oil content was 0.11% was 0.21%, respectively, which was significantly different to levels in control plants in pot culture. After 90 days of symbiotic cultivation, increased shoot height, fresh weight and leaf number were observed in treated A. roxburghii and A. formosanus plants compared with control plants. In addition, qRT-PCR showed that the expression levels of seven plant growth-related genes, namely AR017, AR019, AR020, AR023, AR037, AR044, and AR047 were in-creased in both A. roxburghii and A formosanus plants treated with B.subtilisBS8790 days post-inculcation compared with control plants.


At present, the most promising technique for correcting transposition of the great arteries is the arterial switch with coronary reimplantation, which is also being used to correct the Taussig-Bing double outlet right ventricle. A study was undertaken in 5 postmortem hearts from 11 patients aged from 2 to 17 months (average 10.6) who underwent surgery in Salvador, Brazil, between November 1976 and October 1980. Four of these patients died during surgery and 1 soon after. The anatomical diagnoses were transposition of the great arteries in 4 and double outlet right ventricle in 1. The anatomy of each heart was carefully studied, revealing some outstanding aspects: 1) the interatrial septum was intact in 1 case, there was a patent foramem ovale in 2, an atrial septal defect created by atrioseptostomy in 1, and a single atrium in 1; 2) the interventricular septum was intact in 2 cases, a ventricular septal defect of the membranous and muscular type was found in 1 and an atrioventricular canal type in 2; 3) a ventriculotomy (40mm) for closing a ventricular septal defect was seen in 2 cases; 4) a shortened aortic stump was found in 3 cases and in 1 of these it had been necessary to interpose a dacron conduit between this stump and the pulmonary artery segment; 5) a shortened pulmonary artery stump was seen in 3 cases; 6) the caliber of the pulmonary artery stump had been reduced by 10mm in 1 of the cases to facilitate anastomosis with the pulmonary artery stump; in 2 cases there was a retraction at the level of the anastomosis between the pulmonary artery stump and the aortic segment due to disproportionate calibers; 7) in 3 cases there was a partial occlusion of the left coronary ostium, and in still another case the right coronary ostium was also partially occluded; 8) displacement of coronary artery ostia from their original sites to new ones ranged from 5 to 13mm (average 8.5mm) for the right coronary artery and from 5 to 7mm (average 6.5mm) for the left coronary artery; 9) in 1 case the left coronary artery was completely occluded very close to its point of origin, due to torsion and folding.


The Korean peninsula has a number of coastal sites where the rhythmic rising and lowering of water surface due to tides result in strong tidal current. The kinetic energy of these currents can be efficiently exploited by using tidal current turbines. The pilot tidal current power plant is to be constructed at the Uldolmok between Chindo and Haenam. Extensive coastal engineer ing research works have been carried out. This paper describes some observation results of field campaign, design of the supporting structure of a pilot plant of 1,000kW and a future tidal current power plant and so on.


This paper proposes a robust convergence algorithm for adaptive noise cancellers with SNR-based stepsize control. Use of estimated SNRs for stepsize control reduces interference by the target signal in adaptation. A second SNR estimate, which is the output over the reference input, initially controls the stepsize to promote coefficient growth, followed by a first SNR estimate which is the output over the noise replica. Changeover from the second to the first SNR estimate takes place when the ratio of the two SNR estimates is saturated for robust changeover independent of the noise-path impulse response. Evaluations with clean speech and noise recorded at a busy station demonstrate that the normalized coefficient error is as much as 6 dB lower than the conventional changeover of the SNR estimates.


Taking the most developed part of the Baikal basin as example a digital cartographic reconstruction of the regional nature management of the early XX century is compiled; it enables establishing the physical and geographical characteristics of the territory economic use in the past. As a result of nature management objects retrospective layers vectorization and subsequent transformation of their shp files into the ArcGIS environment spatial object classes, two cartographic sets of such classes were formed. They characterize two types of regional nature use, traditional pastoral and invasive agricultural. As a result of layer-by-layer geoinformation modeling of cartographic sets on a modern topographic basis and a digital relief model, primary areas of settlement and economic use of the territory were established, and various mapping of spatial and temporal life support structures of nature management different types was performed. For operational digital visualization, a technological solution is proposed for storing and mapping sets of classes of spatial objects through arrangement of a file-based geodata of the ArcGIS information environment. Cartographic reconstructions of pastoral and agricultural nature management at the beginning of the XX century are presented, as well as its general cartographic reconstruction on landscape basis.


SF6 decomposition characteristics under partial discharge (PD) are not only associated with insulation fault type and its severity but also closely related to the H2O content of in the equipment. This paper studies the decomposition characteristics of mixture gas SF6/H2O with six different gradients of trace H2O under the same PD energy, selects SO2F2, SOF2, CO2, and CF4 as the characteristic components, and analyzes the influence regularity of trace H2O on each of the component concentration, effective formation rate and characteristic ratio. Results show that H2O creates favorable conditions for generating SO2F2 and SOF2 owing to the capacity to capture F atom and inhibit low fluorine sulfides from recombining into SF6. As a result, the concentration and effective formation rate of SO2F2 and SOF2 is positively related with H2O. Whereas H2O has no evident influence on CO2, it can consume intermediate by-products CF2 and CF3 which restrain CF4 generation. Each characteristic ratio decreases sharply and then becomes stable with increment of H2O. The defined effective characteristic ratio effectively reflects its relationship with H2O, whereas obtained mathematical expression between each effective characteristic ratio and trace H2O lays solid foundation for fault diagnosis of SF6 insulated equipment based on SF6 decomposition characteristics.


Current instability is observed for silicon nanowire field-effect transistors operating in electrolytes with Pt gate electrodes. A comparative study involving an Ag/AgCl-reference gate electrode re ...


International Relations scholars increasingly recognize multinational enterprises (MNEs) as relevant actors in world politics. Framed within the narrative of global governance, corporate actors assumingly became global governors, engage more actively in the provision of collective goods today, and hence need to be considered. For a discipline traditionally resting on the dichotomy between public and private, however, studying corporate actors implies certain challenges. By arguing that actor images are expressions of underlying ontological and epistemological assumptions as well as conventional wisdom, the paper focuses on how MNEs have been studied in IR. Reconstructing different corporate actor images advanced in research, it will be shown that MNEs are often portrayed as a homogeneous group of actors. While traditionally considered as driven by rationality, recent research supplements the the notion of corporate profit-seeking by considering the social dimension of corporate action. Ultimately though, despite being constitutive for any normative assessment, actor images and their underlying action-theoretical assumptions are seldom reflected or explicitly discussed within IR and IPE research on MNEs. The interdisciplinary nature of research, the dominant interest in structures of global governance, as well as difficulties assessing corporate documents further challenges MNE research. Based on the review of corporate actor images currently advanced to intellectually grasp the dynamic and complex phenomenon of multinational enterprises and their potentially changing roles in global governance, the paper suggests to a) become aware of the foundational impact of actor images and b) consider developing a broader range of alternative images when researching MNEs in global governance.


Few studies have explored tumor metabolism to target small cell lung cancer (SCLC), for which treatment options are limited and eventually fail with resistance. The objective of this study is to identify novel biomarkers and therapeutic targets among molecular changes specific to the cancer cells relative to precancerous precursor cells. In our previous study, comparative profiling of precancerous cells with SCLC cells revealed branched-chain aminotransferase1 (Bcat1) as one of the most upregulated genes in the cancer cells relative to their precursors as well as normal lung. Based on this result, we hypothesize that the elevated Bcat1 plays a role in promoting SCLC. Here, we confirmed elevated Bcat1 protein expression in mouse SCLC cells relative to precancerous cells and in human SCLC lines. Targeting Bcat1 in mouse and human SCLC cells with shRNA or small-molecule inhibitors significantly reduced colony expansion in soft agar and formation of subcutaneous tumors in athymic nude mice. Inhibition of Bcat1 also reduced protein synthesis rate as measured by puromycin incorporation into protein. Additionally, we found Bcat1 plays a significant role in leucine catabolism in mouse SCLC using a coupled enzymatic assay. Taken together, these novel findings suggest that elevated Bcat1 promotes SCLC growth by supporting protein synthesis, which is necessary for proliferating cells. Given the proven safety profile of existing inhibitors of Bcat1, our findings are significant in supporting the concept of targeting Bcat1 as a novel and particularly valuable therapeutic strategy for SCLC. Citation Format: Napoleon B. Butler, Keebeom Kim, Dong-wook Kim, Kwon Park. Characterization of branched-chain aminotransferase 1 as a novel therapeutic target for small cell lung cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Fifth AACR-IASLC International Joint Conference: Lung Cancer Translational Science from the Bench to the Clinic; Jan 8-11, 2018; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Clin Cancer Res 2018;24(17_Suppl):Abstract nr B07.


Changes in lifestyle that are far from healthy living behavior are currently in line with the increase in hypertension which requires compliance efforts in drug consumption and diabetes management. Lack of knowledge is one of the factors of non-compliance in the management of hypertension. Mentoring is one way to increase knowledge. Knowing the effect of virtual mentoring on hypertension diet on dietary compliance of hypertension sufferers is the goal in this study. The design of the study was pre-experimental. A sample of 28 respondents was obtained by purposive sampling technique. The results of the study before being given virtual assistance showed most of the respondents (53.6%) had adequate hypertension diet compliance, while after virtual assistance showed almost all respondents (89.3%) complied in the implementation of the hypertension diet. The results of the Wilcoxon test analysis showed p: 0.000 and: 0.05, indicating that virtual assistance had an effect on dietary compliance with hypertension sufferers. Virtual assistance makes communication between patients and health workers more intense, both in the process of transferring information and controlling. Virtual mentoring interventions can be used as a method of heath education for health workers to improve dietary compliance with hypertension sufferers.


New pipeline charging system of preheated coking to coke ovens was developed by Allied Chemical Corporation.This system increases oven production by reducing coking time.The process also permits the use of lower cost, poorer quality coals to produce acceptable metallurgical grade coke.It is most remarkable effect of this new system, that the control of air pollution from coke ovens may be significantly improved.


Objective: To investigate the effect of different length and surface design of short implant on Stress distribution in implant-bone interface.Methods: Twelve three-dimensional finite element models of different length and surface design were created: V-shape spiral design,reverse buttress spiral design,buttress spiral design and fin formula no-spiral design to part created length equal 7.0mm,6.0mm and 5.0mm models.The stress distribution and the maximum Von-Mises stress of all models were compared and analysed under axial and oblique loads.Results: Under axial load,the stress distribution of fin formula no-spiral design showed the most reasonable than all 6.0mm length reverse buttress in the spiral design showed better stress distribution than other spiral design models.Under oblique load,fin formula no-spiral design was the best than all models in same length.Conclusion: Fin formula no-spiral design is the optimal design in a short implant.The stress distribution of reverse buttress showed the most reasonable in all spiral design models,and evade use V-shape spiral design;the length of spiral surface design short implant should be least at 6mm,but the length of fin formula no-spiral design should be the smaller,even could be lower than 5.0mm.


Objective: Alpha-synuclein is a major component of protein plaques in synucleinopathies, particularly Parkinson's disease. The purpose of this study is to assess the inhibitory effects of cuminaldehyde on the fibrillation of alpha-synuclein. Methods: Alpha-synuclein was expressed in Escherichia coli and subsequently purified. For the process of fibrillation, purified protein was incubated at 37 ◦ C and pH 7.2. Fibrillation was analyzed by the standard fibril methods. The effects of different concentrations of cuminaldehyde (20-500 μM) on alpha-synuclein fibrillation were studied by assessment of the cytotoxic effects of samples on the neuroblastoma cell line, SK-N-MC. To study the protein aggregation forms that were generated in the presence of cuminaldehyde, SDS resistance and induced fibrillation (seeding) methods were employed. For studying its specificity on alpha-synuclein, the effect of cuminaldehyde on lysozyme fibrillation was also examined. Results: We showed, for the first time, that cuminaldehyde inhibited fibrillation by more than 80%. The highest inhibition was observed at the ratio of 5-15 moles of drug to protein. The viability of the treated cells with inhibited proteins was more than 90%, whereas non-inhibited samples caused a decrease in viability by 50%. Inhibited samples were not resistant to SDS and they were unable to induce fibrillation. Cuminaldehyde did not inhibit lysozyme fibrillation. Conclusion: Cuminaldehyde inhibited fibrillation of alpha-synuclein which was accompanied by small amorphous aggregated particles of alpha synuclein. The inhibited protein samples did not induce aggregation. Thus, cuminaldehyde can be considered as a candidate to inhibit the formation of alpha-synuclein plaques.


Meriderma represents a recently described genus of nivicolous myxomycetes with high morphological variability. Due to many complications in its taxonomy and species recognition in the past, the group was considered a morphologically variable complex. Recent clarifications and recognition of morphological boundaries into species and morphotypes has fostered a classification revision of specimens found in the Carpathians. Material used in this study was systematically collected in the Polish part of the Carpathians from 2004 to 2009. As a result of micro- and macroscopic observations of 54 collections, we recorded nine taxa of Meriderma . Seven of these (all but M. carestiae and M. cribrarioides ) are the first records for Poland and for the Carpathians overall. Our observations based on analysis of spore ornamentation by SEM are in accordance with recently proposed classification and confirm segregation of taxa based on spore ornamentation pattern.


Lean-burn spark ignition direct injection (SIDI) engines offer significant potential for improving engine efficiency and reducing greenhouse gas emissions. However, NOx reduction in lean-burn SIDI engines presents significant challenges. One of the exhaust architectures that is currently being investigated and developed for lean-gasoline applications is the passive ammonia-SCR (three-way catalyst–selective catalyst reduction) system. It involves the use of the closed-coupled three-way catalyst (TWC) to generate NH3 (during fuel-rich conditions) for use by the downstream NH3–SCR for NOx reduction. However, the NH3 formed in TWC has to be controlled so that there is enough NH3 for NOx reduction in SCR, and at the same time, there is no NH3 slip in the tailpipe. A mathematical model for the TWC, which can predict the net NH3 coming out of the TWC, will be very useful for control algorithm development and for understanding and optimizing the exhaust architecture. The focus of this work is on the kinetic model...


An effort is under way to develop capacitive sensors for measuring the masses of cryogenic fluids in tanks. These sensors are intended to function in both microgravitational and normal gravitational settings, and should not be confused with level sensors, including capacitive ones. A sensor of this type is conceptually simple in the sense that (1) it includes only one capacitor and (2) if properly designed, its single capacitance reading should be readily convertible to a close approximation of the mass of the cryogenic fluid in the tank. Consider a pair of electrically insulated electrodes used as a simple capacitive sensor. In general, the capacitance is proportional to the permittivity of the dielectric medium (in this case, a cryogenic fluid) between the electrodes. The success of design and operation of a sensor of the present type depends on the accuracy of the assumption that to a close approximation, the permittivity of the cryogenic fluid varies linearly with the density of the fluid. Data on liquid nitrogen, liquid oxygen, and liquid hydrogen, reported by the National Institute of Standards and Technology, indicate that the permittivities and densities of these fluids are, indeed, linearly related to within a few tenths of a percent over the pressure and temperature regions of interest. Hence, ignoring geometric effects for the moment, the capacitance between two electrodes immersed in the fluid should vary linearly with the density, and, hence, with the mass of the fluid. Of course, it is necessary to take account of the tank geometry. Because most cryogenic tanks do not have uniform cross sections, the readings of level sensors, including capacitive ones, are not linearly correlated with the masses of fluids in the tanks. In a sensor of the present type, the capacitor electrodes are shaped so that at a given height, the capacitance per unit height is approximately proportional to the cross-sectional area of the tank in the horizontal plane at that height (see figure).


Abstract: VIP and PACAP, two structurally related neuropeptides produced within the lymphoid microenvironment, modulate several immunological functions. Although primarily anti‐inflammatory in nature, VIP and PACAP also affect resting macrophages. In this study, we report on the role of VIP and PACAP on macrophage B7 expression and costimulatory function for antigen‐primed CD4+ T cells, and on the macrophage‐induced regulation of Th1/Th2 differentiation in vitro and in vivo. VIP and PACAP upregulate B7.2, but not B7.1, MHC class II, or ICAM‐1 expression, and activate macrophages to stimulate the proliferation of naïve T cells in response to soluble anti‐CD3 or allogeneic stimulation. The stimulatory effect is mediated through the specific receptor VPAC1, and involves the cAMP/PKA pathway as second messengers. The enhancement in B7.2 expression occurs at both mRNA and protein levels, and correlates with the VIP/PACAP induced upregulation of the costimulatory activity of macrophages for antigen‐primed CD4+ T cells. VIP/PACAP‐treated macrophages gain the ability to induce Th2‐type cytokines such as IL‐4 and IL‐5, and to reduce Th1‐type cytokines such as IFNγ and IL‐2. In vivo administration of VIP or PACAP in antigen‐immunized mice reduces the numbers of IFNγ‐secreting cells, enhances the numbers of IL‐4‐secreting cells, and affects the pattern of antigen‐specific Ig isotypes. The preferential differentiation into Th2 effector cells induced by VIP/PACAP‐treated macrophages is mediated through the upregulation of B7.2 expression. Since Th1‐dominated responses are associated with some autoimmune diseases and inflammatory reactions typical of cell‐mediated immunity, the VIP/PACAP inhibition of Th1 development may represent an additional mechanism for the general anti‐inflammatory activity of the two neuropeptides.


Due to rapid advances and availabilities of powerful image processing software, digital images are easy to manipulate and modify for ordinary people. This makes it more and more difficult for a viewer to check the authenticity of a given digital image. Copy-move forgery is a specific type of image tampering where a part of the image is copied and pasted on another part generally to conceal unwanted portions of the image. Hence, the goal in detection of copy-move forgeries is to detect image areas that are same or extremely similar. In this paper we present an improved algorithm based on Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) and Discrete Cosine Transform Quantization Coefficients Decomposition (DCT-QCD) to detect such cloning forgery. Furthermore, for academic purposes and via a simplified, toy image we demonstrate how such algorithm works in detecting cloning forgery. Experimental results show that the proposed scheme accurately detects such specific image manipulations as long as the copied region is not rotated or scaled and copied area pasted as far as possible in specific position from original portion.


This bulletin is the first attempt to provide a comprehensive analysis of liquor licensing enforcement in NSW. Four relevant data sources were accessed for this study; court proceedings, Liquor Administration Board conferences, police infringement notices and NSW Department of Gaming and Racing infringement and compliance notices. In 2001, the most recent year for which complete data was available, 4,619 enforcement actions were initiated under the NSW liquor laws. A large percentage of this enforcement activity was concentrated on patrons or minors, with over one-quarter of enforcement actions being against patrons for failing to leave a licensed venue and 14 per cent being against persons under the age of 18. Just 147 (3.1%) breaches for conduct offences were recorded by enforcement agencies in 2001. Data quality issues are noted throughout the bulletin and barriers to enforcement of the NSW liquor laws are discussed.


Controlled and local release of bioactive growth factors from porous scaffolds can provide an efficient strategy to control the complex and dynamic regulation of cellular processes in a three-dimensional microenvironment. In this study, hybrid scaffolds of collagen and poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) microbeads were prepared by introducing insulin-releasing poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) microbeads into collagen porous scaffolds. Insulin-incorporated poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) microbeads of two distinct sizes, 19.4 ± 1.6 and 4.4 ± 0.9 µm, were used to prepare the hybrid scaffolds. The scaffolds had controlled pore structure, and the poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) microbeads were well distributed on the pore walls of the scaffolds. The scaffolds had a lower initial burst and a more stable insulin release than did the free microbeads. Culture of human dermal fibroblasts in the hybrid scaffolds were affected the bioactivity of released insulin. The hybrid scaffold prepared with 19.4 ± 1.6 µm microbeads had a more linear release of insulin and a higher promotion effect on cell proliferation than did the other hybrid group and control scaffolds. The hybrid scaffold should be useful for skin tissue engineering.


Departure point A: In 1995, in New York, I met a South African for the first time in my life. He was a white theatre director from Cape Town, working in the US. He had come to my home country, Bulgaria, to direct a play and a friend of mine had fallen in love with him. Before I left for New York, she gave me a letter for him and told me that I was to meet the most handsome man she'd ever met. "He looks like Robert Redford!", she actually said.


Background Coronary risk prediction 'engines' are now in common use, and their worth is well proven. There remains the question of how to deal with a prior diagnosis of diabetes. Design An individual participant meta-analysis of 33 cohort studies involving 364 566 subjects. Methods Fatal coronary hazard ratios for age, smoking, systolic blood pressure and cholesterol, were computed from Cox models, comparing those with and without diabetes. Three risk prediction equations were compared: a 'stepped model', which included the risk factors and diabetes status; an 'interaction model', which included interactions between diabetes and the risk factors; and a 'fixed model', which fixed the 10-year rate of coronary death amongst those with diabetes to be 7%. These were compared through the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) and Hosmer– Lemeshow statistics. Results The hazard ratio for age was greater for those without diabetes than those with, for men (P=0.005) and women (P=0.02); for men only, systolic blood pressure showed a similar differential (P=0.011). Nevertheless, AUCs were only 0.001 different for the stepped and interaction models for each sex. The AUC for the fixed model was lower and, unlike the other two, showed significant lack of fit for both sexes (P<0.001). Conclusions There is no justification for developing separate risk prediction models for those with and without diabetes, nor for assuming that everyone with diabetes should be considered as being at a common high level of risk. Diabetes status might, instead, be used as a risk variable in an overall population equation. Eur J Cardiovasc Prev Rehabil 13:30–36 c 2006 The European Society of Cardiology


Based on the two most widely used IR calibration coefficients and reported SIMS data for omphacitic clinopyroxene,a new molar absorption coefficient [13.43±0.12 ppm~(-1)·cm~(-2) or(7.47±0.0647)×10~4L/mol H_2O·cm~(-2)] is presented and the relationship between the determined results obtained by the IR and SIMS methods is quantitatively evaluated.The calibration coefficient was obtained by unpolarized IR spectra,but can be applied to polarized measurement,and also a statistically relevant mean unpolarized spectrum obtained from different omphacite grains in the same sample by the introduction of an orientation factor of 1/3.


The Halcon SD Group, founded in 1946 by Dr. R. Landau with a few friends, discovered and developed the break-through processes, such as direct vapor phase ethylene oxidation to ethylene oxide, production of terephthalic acid and related products by liquid phase oxidation, boric acid -assisted oxidation of cycloparaffins to KA oil , and co-production of propylene oxide and tbutyl alcohol/styrene, etc. The Group has contributed an estimated onefourth of the petrochemical industry's major process discoveries. Worldwide, the industry uses its technologies to manufacture some ten million tons of products annually. Why the Group succeeded ? To answer the question, a brief history is described, focussing the thought and deed of Dr. Landau.


The smut fungus Ustilago bullata was collected from Agropyron scabrum plants in southern New South Wales in Australia and around Christchurch in New Zealand. Twenty-seven strains isolated from 20 smuts were surveyed for isozyme polymorphism at nine loci and only one polymorphic locus was found. The estimated mean heterozygosity was 4.8% in that population. A polymorphism in colony character was also observed. The New South Wales and New Zealand collections are similar in teliospore and isozyme characteristics, perhaps because the Christchurch population may be descended from an introduction from Australia that arrived after European settlement in New Zealand.


Background: Shoulder balance in Lenke 1 and 2 adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) is a complex condition without a reliable strategy to achieve full correction. Moreover, none reported health-related quality of life of surgically treated Lenke 1 and 2 suffering severe AIS patients before and after the surgery. Subjects and Methods: Preoperative standing, side bend, and postoperative Cobb angles were analyzed to determine the relationship between shoulder balance, curve flexibility, and correction rates. The sagittal alignment was analyzed in these patients by cervical lordosis (CL) (C2–C7), thoracic kyphosis (TK) (T1–T12), lumbar lordosis (LL) (L1-S1), pelvic incidence, pelvis tilt, sacral slope, and C7 sagittal vertical axis (SVA). All recruited patients completed the Scoliosis Research Society-22 questionnaire before, after surgery, and follow-up. Results: There were 26 Lenke 1 and 2 severely AIS patients recruited in this study. The shoulder balance changed from left down to the left up after the operation as reflected by the changes in T1tilt (medial shoulder) and clavicular angles (lateral shoulder). The sagittal alignment changes of this group of patients moved toward increased CL, TK, and LL and an SVA toward zero. "Function" and "Self-image" were significantly improved after surgery, particularly in female Lenke 2 patients regardless of age. Conclusions: The sagittal alignment changes of this group of patients moved toward increased CL, TK, LL and SVA toward zero. "Function" and "Self-image" were significantly improved after the surgery. Sex and age-specific analysis showed that female Lenke 2 AIS patients were the group of patients showing the improvements regardless of age at operation.


Summary No significant difference in serum interferon titers could be demonstrated in neonatally thymectomized and litter mate control mice inoculated with NDV intravenously. Although the blood lymphocyte counts of the thymectomized mice were not consistently depressed, there was other evidence that the lymphoid tissue of these animals was markedly altered.


97 TO THE EDITOR: Retinal screening is crucial to the prevention of vision loss from diabetic retinopathy. The recent National Eye Health Survey highlighted a gap in screening rates between Indigenous Australians (aged 40 years) and non-Indigenous Australians (aged 50 years), providing a foundation on which to target future eye health services. While acknowledging the budgetary and logistical constraints of such a large-scale study, we are concerned that another at-risk group — younger adults with type 2 diabetes who are aged 18e49 years — was not included in the National Eye Health Survey.


Objective To construct the eukaryotic expression vector of human Notch 1 intracellular domain(NICD),pIRES2-EGFP-NICD,and to examine its expression in vitro.Methods Total RNA was extracted from the U251MG cells and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR)was performed to obtain the cDNA fragment encoding NICD,which was inserted into the pIRES2-EGFP vector in-frame.And the new construct was confirmed by restriction enzyme digestion and DNA sequencing.HeLa cells were transfected with the pIRES2-EGFP-NICD vector and pIRES2-EGFP vector,respectively.The expression of NICD was detected by Western blotting.Results The eukaryotic expression vector pIRES2-EGFP-NICD was constructed,and significant increase of NICD expression was detected in the HeLa cells 72 hours after transfection.Conclusion The eukaryotic expression vector pIRES2-EGFP-NICD is constructed successfully.This study lay a foundation for the research on the mechanism of Notch signaling in tumorigenesis and development of glioma.


INTRODUCTION: The etiology of hypertrophic scar is still unknown, and no ideal methods to prevent or control the scarring. Clinical observation and experiments have indicated that local factors, especially tension in wounded skin, are responsible for scarred healing (1). Melatonin and receptors are released or expressed in skin, and work as one of main factors against stress, play a important role in skin physiology and diseases (2,3,4). The animal study showed that melatonin accelerates the process of wound repair and improve the healing quality (less scarring) (5).This perspective study investigated the effect of melatonin on fibroblast from hypertrophic scar and explored new approaches to care hypertrophic scar.


Metabolic rate of tobacco hawkmoth (Manduca sexta) larvae increases with body mass to the approximately 0.90 power, greater than the 0.67 and 0.75 scaling exponents predicted by isometric increase of surface area and fractal geometry of exchange networks. We evaluated whether increased midgut folding and/or nutrient transporter expression in larger larvae contribute to this discrepancy. In 3rd through 5th instar larvae, midgut wet mass scaled with an estimated exponent of 0.85. Exponents for anterior, middle, and posterior midgut were 0.96, 0.70 and 0.85, respectively. Composite micrographs of transverse sections revealed progressively increased folding of the midgut perimeter in 1st through 5th instar larvae. These results suggest that relative midgut surface area declines less than predicted by theoretical models as larvae grow. Also, expression of mRNA encoding a potassium amino acid transporter (KAAT1) increased 2 to 3‐fold in 5th instar compared to 4th instar larvae. To assess the consequences of altering the expression of KAAT1, we used RNA interference to decrease midgut KAAT1 expression. Delivery of a 453bp dsRNA encoding KAAT1 through direct injection into the hemolymph resulted in an approximately 6‐fold reduction in KAAT1 mRNA expression, while oral delivery in a sucrose droplet did not reduce KAAT1 expression. Knockdown of KAAT1 mRNA expression did not affect larval growth. (NSF‐DMS0827208)


Accessibility efforts, how we can make the world usable and useful to as many people as possible, have focused on how we can support and allow for the autonomy and independence of people with disabilities, neurodivergencies, chronic conditions, and older adults. Despite these efforts, not all technology is designed or implemented to support everyone's needs. TikTok. Recently, a community-organized push by creators and general users of TikTok urged the platform to add accessibility features, such as closed captioning, to allow more people to use the platform with greater ease. Through an interview study exploring the experiences of creatives on TikTok, we explore the creative practices of people with ADHD and those who experience similar challenges, focusing on the kinds of accessibility they create through their creative work. We find that creatives engage in critical infrastructuring--a process of bottom-up (re)design--to make the platform more accessible despite the challenges the platform presents to them as creators through creating and augmenting video editing and video captioning infrastructures. We then reflect on how the introduction of a top-down infrastructure - the implementation of an auto-captioning feature - shifts the critical infrastructure practices of TikTok creatives. Through their infrastructuring, creatives were revising the broader sociotechnical capabilities of TikTok to support their own needs as well as the broader needs of the TikTok community. We discuss how the routine of infrastructuring accessibility is a form of incidental care work and highlight how accessibility is an evolving sociotechnical construct, forwarding the concept of contextual accessibility.


www.escholarship.org/uc/item/1jm769gd (Valdez and El Potrero de Payogasta, respectively), contexts within a single site, contents of samples from · contexts both similar and opposite--samples from inside vs. those from outside the same structure, as well as areas of special activity or use, such as hearth, ash pit, or a ceramic vessel contexts. All in all, a wide variety of charred wood materials was encountered at both sites of Valdez and El Potrero de Payogasta. A total of 54 wood types were idertMed as being present in both site contents--17 of these 54 charred types were found at both sites. Individually, 47 charred wood types were present at El Potrero and 24 I at Valdez. A surprising find was that very fewrinodern wood species were seen in the archaeological samples. Molle (Type AM; Eschinus sp.), a species thought to have been highly regarded by the Inka as well as widely used and seen along the rivers, was rarely discovered: it was found in only 5 samples. On the other hand, jarilla (Type AS) was commonly found in the provenience samples at both sites and still abounds in the northern Calchaqui Valley area today. Cardon cactus (Type A; Trichocereus sp.), another species that still abounds in the region surrounding El Potrero, was also frequently found in this site's samples, but not once was a cactus type encountered in a Valdez provenience sample. Most probably this pattern of presence in both archaeological and modern collections shows that much of today's vegetation species covering and surrounding the archaeological sites were also present during the time when theinka had control iii the valley. The absence of archaeological woody material in the modem examples could mean several things: 1) the vegetation of the Calchaqui Valley has changed over the span of 500 years since the Inka empire, 2) materials that were present in either the archaeological samples or modem environment were not collected for the study, and/or 3) not all archaeological material was equally well preserved, thus, unknown woody types from the archaeological record were neither preserved nor identified. These problems could be avoided if historical research were conducted in order to document observed plant life during the first years that the Spanish were in the territory, a concentrated study were completed to confirm that contemporary species are part of the modern plant collection, and the researcher kept in mind that disparities in wood preservation may be found in all contexts. Burning conditions (wood type, age of wood, temperature of charring source, and use of wood and ashes) both during and after charring, environmental conditions (soil type, mineral content, erosion, and weather), and chosen sampling method are just a few factors affecting the survival of a charred wood fragments in the ground. There were several wood types commonly found together within a single provenience sample. Namely, there were two main type associations: 1) type AA, type AO (monocot), and cactus (Type A) and 2) type AA an jarilla (Type AS). A reason why types AA, AO, and A (cactus) are regularly seen in conjunction with one another may relate to preservation conditions. Specifically, the cactus (Type A) and the monocot species (Type AO) are both delicate materials insofar that both disintegrate rapidly when exposed to a live flame. Thus, if these two types are _exposed to the same conditions under which one delicate type to survives, the other type would likely to endure as well. Conditions of preservation may have also influenced the presence of types AA and AS Garilla) in the samples, but I believe that these two types were commonly encountered in the samples because they were a typical woody vegetation in the Calchaqui Valley during the Inka rule. There is only a single area in which almost identical types of wood were used in more than one context--


A method is presented for the closed-form evaluation of the singular and near-singular integrals arising in the Boundary Element Method solution of the Helmholtz equation. An error analysis is presented for the numerical evaluation of such integrals on a plane element, and used to develop a criterion for the selection of quadrature rules. The analytical approach is based on an optimized expansion of the Green's function for the problem, selected to limit the error to some required tolerance. Results are presented showing accuracy to tolerances comparable to machine precision.


This paper proposes the design and implementation of a toolkit for creating wearable user interfaces with reusable components. The toolkit is based on a model-driven approach that builds on an abstract model of the required user interface for an application. By using available context information of a wearable system, the toolkit supports context-aware user interfaces that adapt themselves.