Historically, carbodiimides were first intentionally J. ynthesized and characterized by Weith in 1873 [1]. Hinterberger [2] and Zinin [3], twenty years earlier, had prepared carbodiimides, but did not identify them per se at that time. Hofman [4] was the first, in 1885, to report on the conversion of isocyanates to carbodiimides in the absence of catalysts. Since the turn of the century, there have been numerous articles dealing with the formation of carbodiimides and the patent literature has expanded exponentially with references to monomeric and polymeric carbodiimides. A review on poly(carbodiimide) foams appeared in a recent book [5]. The high thermal stability of carbodiimides has been the driving force for extensive research on the conversion of polymeric isocyanates to polycarbodiimides. The need for improved thermal stability and reduced flame spread and smoke properties over conventional isocyanate based cellular polymers (e.g., polyurethanes and polyisocyanurates) prompted us several years ago to investigate polycarbodiimide foams. The purpose of this paper is to review the chemistry of polycarbodiimide foam formation from polymeric isocyanates. Suitable formulations and processing conditions for the preparation of carbodiimide foams are covered as well as the physical properties and small scale flame test results of the resul-


This article presents the early history of the faith in Islamic Paradise (al-janna or the Garden) from the seventh to the 12th century ce. The focus of the article is to trace three major stages in the developing doctrine of the Islamic afterlife: doctrinal innovation in the Qur'an and early biography of the prophet Muhammad (Sirat Rasul Allah), elaboration in traditions of the prophet (hadiths), and formalization in eschatological manuals. While providing an introductory survey of the afterworld, the author also considers some of the textual problems and ensuing controversies that have arisen in the field of Islamic history.


Significance This study addresses the earliest adhesives made in the African Middle Stone Age. We found a previously unknown way to produce an adhesive from Podocarpus conifer trees. Instead of collecting adhesive substances in nature, people produced tar by distillation. We identify two pathways for making tar, an above-ground method that is "discoverable" and a more laborious underground process requiring imagination and skill. The results have implications for our interpretation of early fire-based technology in Africa. Podocarpus tar production is an excellent proxy for recognizing complex cognition in Middle Stone Age archaeological records.


Exploration of egg parasitoids was conducted by collecting host eggs from soybean, vegetable crops, peas, corn and rice fields in West Sumatra. We found six species Telenomus distributed throughout studied locations in West Sumatera. Four species have been identified, namely T. remus Nix., T. rowani Gah., T. dignus Gah., T. dignoides Nix., whereas two others have not been identified yet because there is no appropriate identification key. The results showed that the both T. rowani Gah. and T. dignus Gah were distributed in all studied locations with different individual number, but they could be potentially be used as biocontrol agents in the future. The highest numbers of species was found in Tanah Datar and Solok with different abundance, whereas the lowest number of species were in Agam and Lima Puluh Kota.


Abstract:The literature on information literacy identifies several significant challenges inherent in designing and providing comprehensive first-year programs, including reach, sustainability, instructional design, the flipped classroom, and assessment. In summer 2020, in response to the requirements of the COVID-19 pandemic, the User Experience and Student Success (UESS) Department at Tisch Library of Tufts University developed an innovative approach to instruction that addressed these challenges. The new concept optimized online learning in both asynchronous and synchronous modes and created a sustainable program for the future. This article outlines the process used to develop this program, its learning outcomes, and the results of both student learning and programmatic assessment.


This work aims to investigate the problem of violence (s) and its inscription in contemporary subjectivity. The journey starts from the dialogue between certain authors and theoretical lines that have dealt with this phenomenon as a revision, then we reflect on the construction of violence (s) in social discursivity. Finally, we develop the ethical-political implication of the topic based on the territorial approach from action research.
First, we understand violence (s) as a complex social phenomenon, which affects the processes of social production of subjectivities, reproducing in social and community bonds. In any of its expressions, the violent experiences (Boria, 2016) produce important marks in those who suffer it, in the bonds and in the social organizations. These inscriptions will be in most cases, irreversible. In this way, we share with some referents the idea of violence as an organizer of subjectivity, as a social practice (Cufre, 2010) present in the ways of relating and in community bonds, in which multiple factors intervene. Second, the complexity and polysemy of the concept, leads us to delineate an intervention that includes, in its analysis and in the design of strategies of approach, interdisciplinary and multi-acting aspects.
We aspire in this work, to show some theoretical-methodological conceptualizations derived from different disciplines such as anthropology, linguistics, communication, psychology, sociology, philosophy, among others. The purpose of our presentation is to build a theoretical framework, to encourage debate and re-readings that allow us to think about strategies of community intervention in violating territories and signed by the violence (s) in its different modalities.


The development of digital technology which is rapidly growing provides great opportunities for entrepreneurs in the tourism sector to market their products and services digitally. In addition to reducing promotional costs, utilizing digital technology can also increase tourism marketing one step higher. Digital technology allows tourists to know clearly and completely related tourist destinations (DTW). Today's developing technology also provides opportunities for tourists to be able to enjoy and experience DTW directly from their respective homes with very real visuals. Social media, websites, AR and VR, provide opportunities for tourists to be able to get clearer information related to DTW. This study aims to determine how to optimize digital technology for gastronomic tourism.


Abstract The n‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) present primarily in oily fish, namely eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), are important components of cell membranes and that are needed for normal development and cell function. Humans have very limited capacity for EPA and DHA synthesis from α‐linolenic acid and so they must be obtained pre‐formed from the diet. However, perceived unpalatability of oily fish and fish oil concerns about contamination with environmental pollutants, dietary choices that exclude fish and animal products, and price limit the effectiveness of recommendations for EPA and DHA intakes. Moreover, marine sources of EPA and DHA are diminishing in the face of increasing demands. Therefore, an alternative source of EPA and DHA is needed that is broadly acceptable, can be upscaled and is sustainable. This review discusses these challenges and, using findings from recent nutritional trials, explains how they may be overcome by seed oils from transgenic plants engineered to produce EPA and DHA. Trials in healthy men and women assessed the acute uptake and appearance in blood over 8 hours of EPA and DHA from transgenic Camelina sativa compared to fish oil, and the incorporation of these PUFA into blood lipids after dietary supplementation. The findings showed that postprandial EPA and DHA incorporation into blood lipids and accumulation in plasma lipids after dietary supplementation was as good as that achieved with fish oil. The oil derived from this transgenic plant was well tolerated. This review also discusses the implications for human nutrition, marine ecology and agriculture.


One of the reasons for the failure to provide exclusive breastfeeding is their perception of insufficient milk production so that they cannot breastfeed their babies optimally. The decrease in milk production in the first days after giving birth is triggered by a lack of stimulation of the hormones prolactin and oxytocin which play a very important role in the smooth production of mother's milk. One of the efforts made to improve the smoothness of breastfeeding is Hypnobreastfeeding. The purpose of this study was to determine the Effect of Hypnobreastfeeding on the Fluency of Breastfeeding in Postpartum Mothers at Leni Langsa Independent Maternity Homes in 2022 This type of research is experimental research with the research design used being Pre-Experimental with the One Group Pretest-Posttest approach. The population in this study were all postpartum mothers at the Leni Langsa Maternity Home in September 2022 as many as 14 respondents. sampling technique with purposive sampling obtained as many as 12 respondents. Bivariate data analysis used the Wilcoxon signed rank test. The results of this study indicate that the mean value of each is 2.9167 (Pre) and 5.5833 (Post). The results of statistical tests using the Wilcoxon test are known that the p value (0.001) < (0.05) means Ho is rejected. The conclusion of the study is that there is a significant effect of hypnobreastfeeding on the smoothness of breastfeeding in postpartum mothers at the Leni Langsa Maternity Home in 2022. It is recommended for midwives can apply hypnobreastfeeding in overcoming the inability of breastfeeding so that postpartum mothers can exclusively breastfeed without obstacles


In this letter, we propose a novel method to reconstruct accurate building structures from high-resolution multiview aerial imagery, using layered contour fitting (LCF) with a density-based clustering algorithm. Initially, the complicated 3-D scene is reconstructed by a probabilistic volumetric modeling algorithm. Subsequently, the reconstructed 3-D scene model is projected into layer images based on the height information. At last, we combine an extended layered density-based clustering approach with a generative LCF approach to remove noise and extract accurate building contours in every layer image at the same time. The final accurate 3-D building model is generated from these contours in layer images with a smoothing operation. Experiments on the aerial image sets demonstrate effectiveness and precision of our method.


s, Paper 100–100. Reheis M. C., Budahn J. R., and Lamothe P. J. (2002) Geochemcial evidence for diversity of dust sources in the Southwestern US. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 66,


Adopting 0-1 integer planning theory, a mathematical model for the optimization of highway network layout is presented, considering construction fund, highway network development scale and policies. The optimization of highway network layout is the most important function of the model. Three specific methods for the optimization of highway network layout are discussed as well as the evaluating methods for the schemes of the optimization.


Virtual enterprise (VE) is a new type of cooperation mode and has attracted considerable attention in the global manufacturing environment. Success of the VE is highly dependent on participators, and thus selection of partners becomes a crucial issue. Partner selection can be considered as a multi-attribute decision-making problem involving variable criteria and a large number of alternatives. However, decision makers are usually uncertain of their preferences owing to changeable types of criteria and incomplete information on candidates. Therefore, an integrated approach is presented in this paper. First, a decision matrix is flexibly established according to the requirements, and then attribute weights of the decision matrix are calculated using the combination weighting method. Subsequently, the preference-order of candidates is provided to enable decision makers to choose suitable partners using grey relational analysis. Finally, an illustrative example is used to explain an application of the proposed approach.


The new matrix element generator AMEGIC++ is introduced, dedicated to describe multi-particle production in high energy particle collisions. It automatically generates helicity amplitudes for the processes under consideration and constructs suitable, efficient integration channels for the multi-channel phase space integration. The corresponding expressions for the amplitudes and the integrators are stored in library files to be linked to the main program.


Eric-Emmanuel Schmitt is a modern French prose writer and playwright whose works exhibit a combination of the postmodern canon and the critical discussion of that canon. In his writing, Schmitt offers a new vision of postmodern reality, with rehabilitated universal moral and ethical values constituting the basis upon which it rests.


The invention provides a synthesis method of 4,6-dichloropyrimidine with 4,6-dihydroxypyrimidine serving as a midbody. The synthesis method mainly comprises the following steps: adding sodium methylate, dimethyl malonate and formamide into a reaction kettle, fully stirring, then increasing the system temperature, performing heat preservation reaction to remove byproducts, slowly adding sodium methylate drop by drop again, keeping the temperature for half an hour after completion of adding, and performing desolventizing; adding water when the solution is hot, and stirring to cool the solution to realize crystallization; performing centrifugal spin-drying to obtain centrifugal filtrate and crystallized solids, intensively refining and recycling the filtrate, and directly esterifying solid sodium salt; transferring for alkaline hydrolysis, and filtering to obtain a 4,6-dihydroxy pyridine solution; adding trichloromethane and a pyridine catalyst; stirring, slowly feeding phosgene and controlling the reaction temperature; decompressing to distill redundant trichloromethane, and continuously performing suction filtration, concentration and crystallization to obtain white needle-shaped products. The preparation method disclosed by the invention is simple; production of a large amount of wastewater due to multiple acid modulations is avoided; the product yield is high, and the synthesis method is suitable for industrial production.


complained of symptoms which suggested hypercalcemia, and had lost 12-7 kg in weight. Plasma calcium was 16 mg/100 ml. Initially no metastases could be found. She was treated first with oral phosphate, and then with porcine calcitonin but the calcium level never fell below 13 mg/100 ml. At this stage, a lung metastasis appeared on the chest X-ray. This was excised after bringing the plasma calcium to normal levels by phosphate infusion. After the operation, however, the calcium level rose gradually to 14 mg/100 ml in the course of a week. Histology of the resected lung showed multiple tiny lung metastases in addition to the larger metastasis seen on the chest X-ray.


The purpose of this article is to determine the effect of moisture concentration on the mechanical behaviour of the elementary ply of a composite laminate. Fibres being considered as insensitive to hydrothermal ageing it was chosen to characterize the evolution of the epoxy matrix Young Modulus (Em) as a function of the moisture concentration (c). A series of tests were performed at several temperatures and moisture contents to determine the mechanical characteristics of an elementary ply (El, Et, nlt and Glt). Then through classical micromechanical models the evolution of Em is obtained by inverse indentification.


Objective To discuss the relationship between Evans blue and the changing rules of exosymptoms of animal model with blood-stasis syndrome induced by macromolecular dextran in different concentrations.Method The rat model was established by using different concentrations of macromolecular dextran (5%, 10% and 15% compounded with 0.5% Evans blue).The exosymptom changes presented by Evans blue in ear and tongue body of rat model with blood-stasis syndrome induced by macromolecular dextran were observed and the contents of Evans blue in the ear and plasma were detected.Result After one hour there were blue ecchymosis in different degrees in model ear and tongue body in different groups injected different concentrations of macromolecular dextran.The ecchymosis was correlated with the concentration of macromolecular dextran.Comparing to the rats in the control group the rats in different macromolecular dextran groups had a higher content of Evans blue in ear with a higher concentration of macromolecular dextran, while the content of plasma Evans blue decreased when the concentration of macromolecular dextran increased.Conclusion The model rats injected in caudal vein with different concentrations of macromolecular dextran (compounded with 0.5% Evans blue) can present the exosymptoms in the ear and tongue body directly.The content changes of plasma Evans blue in the ear and tongue body are correlated with the degree of blood stasis at the same time, which indicates that Evans blue can reflect objectively the exosymptom changes in rat model of blood-stasis syndrome induced by macromolecular dextran.


Particle deposition is an important, undesirable problem during the operation of spray dryers. A new mathematical model of particle deposition has been developed and implemented in the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) software FLUENT. The pseudo Ohnesorge number Oh* and Weber number We* have been used to formulate the model to the determine possibility of particle deposition. The reentrainment of the particles back into the dryer chamber was determined according to the wall shear stress. The transient multiphase flow process in an industrial spray dryer that produces around 9 tonnes of milk powder per hour was simulated to validate the deposition model. The numerical results show that reentrainment of particles into the dryer chamber is significant at the chamber walls. The deposition intensity has been found to be higher near the adjunctions of the ceiling wall, the vertical wall, and the conical wall because of smaller wall shear stress. The distribution of wall temperature, Oh* and We*, which has important influence on wall deposition, has been obtained from the numerical results. More experimental and computational work is required for future validations.


Aims: The objective of this study was to evaluate the antivenom action of minerals from two plants on the biochemical parameters of rabbits.
Methodology: For its realization, thirty-six (36) rabbits including nineteen (19) males and seventeen (17) females were divided into three portions (E1, E2 and E3). In each portion, there are different batches with three rabbits per batch. So, for E1, each rabbit of the control lot and those of the experimental lot were collected separately in the red tubes (dry tubes). However, those from the experimental batch were injected 20-30 minutes after the injection of Naja nigricollis venom. For E2, each rabbit in a given experimental batch was first scarified with a specific potion initially prepared and then separately harvested the following day. Then, each animal was separately envenomed and then separately sampled. In E3, the same procedure of E2 was observed with the only difference that this time, each animal of a given experimental lot was first separately envenomed and then scarified with a precise potion previously prepared and subsequently collected three days later. All the blood samples taken in the various red tubes were transported in a cooler for the determination of biochemical parameters.
Results: The venom has a dose-dependent action on the red blood cells in vitro, whereas the in vivo tests highlighted in a general way, the stabilizing and preventive action of the minerals from the potion P2 (Mucuna pruriens), P3 (Pongamia pinnata), P4, P5 and P6, and the curative action of P1 and P3 (Pongamia pinnata) on some biochemical parameters. Indeed, their action was manifested by the survival of some envenomed animals with a greater activity for P3.
Conclusion: For the development of an antivenom, it would be advisable to use more Pongamia pinnata because of its effectiveness both preventively and curatively.


Some thoughts on large-scale computer-aided statistical mathemaics (primarily simulation) which were presented at the 6th Annual Conference on the Computer Science/Statistics Interface confertnce are presented. Comments of participants and panelists (D. F. Andrews, J. N. Arvesen, D. P. Gaver, and G. Marsp.glia) have been added to the original text.


1. Work and Private Power 2. Work and Membership of the Labour Force 3. Work and Time 4. Work and Collective Organization 5. Work and Public Authorities: The work of the state 6. Changes in Work, Women's Work, and the Future of Labour Law: The gender dimension 7. Labour and Law and Economic Performance 8. Summary


Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) adopted by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) to replace existing Data Encryption Standard (DES), as the most widely used encryption algorithm in many security applications. The first factor to be considered on implementing AES is the application. AES standard has key size variants of 128, 192, and 256-bit, where longer bit keys provide more secure cipher text output. In the hardware perspective, bigger key size also means bigger area and small throughput. Some companies that employ ultra-high security in their systems may look for a key size bigger than 128-bit AES. In this paper, we presented three different of Hardware Implementation of the AES-128, AES-192, and AES-256, uses memory modules (Dual-Port RAMs) of FPGAs for storing all the results of the fixed operations, and Digital Clock Manager (DCM) to optimize the execution time, reduce device resources and facilitates implementation of any reconfigurable hardware. The target hardware used in this paper is VIRTEX-5 XC5VLX50 FPGA from Xilinx. Results are presented and compared with other reference implementations, as known from the technical literature. Keyword: Cryptography, AES, FPGA, Memory Block, Throughput. I. INTRODUCTION Cryptography is a fundamental component of any secure system seeking protection of sensitive information. Cryptographic transformations are computationally intensive and therefore, strongly influence the performance of enabling crypto device. The choice of development platforms for embedding cryptographic applications is made considering the power and speed besides obviously the cost. With the ever increasing computational power vis-a-vis decreasing costs, reconfigurable devices like Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGAs) offer viable avenue for embedding cryptographic applications. Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) [1] [2] has replaced its predecessor, Double Encryption Standard (DES) [3] [4], as the most widely used encryption algorithm in many security applications. It offers a good ""combination of security, performance, efficiency, implementability and flexibility"" [5][6]. Although key size determines the strength of security, area and the power consumption issue has risen recently, especially in embedded hardware planted in mobile devices where lower area and power consumption becomes crucial. In this paper, we present three different of hardware implementations of the AES-128, AES-192, and AES-256, using an approach which includes modules memory, and Digital Clock Manager (DCM). The higher the key size, the more secure the ciphered data, but also the more rounds needed. We simulated and synthesized an AES encryption algorithm hardware implementation


The process for extraction of marine algae oil by the ultrasonically aided technology was studied. The effects of extraction, the amount of the solvent,temperature,extraction time,power and frequency of ultrasound were explored, and the condition of process was optimized. The results provided the theoritic basis for the industrialized production and could promote the use of the ultrasonically aided technology.


The High Altitude Water Cherenkov (HAWC) observatory is a proposed, large field of view (∼2 sr), high duty cycle (>95%) TeV gammaray detector to be constructed using a dense array of water tanks covering an area greater than 25,000 m. HAWC will be located at an elevation of 4100m near the Sierra Negra volcano in Mexico. The instrument will use 900 photomultiplier tubes to observe the relativistic particles and secondary gamma rays in extensive air showers. This technique has been used successfully by the Milagro observatory to discover several new TeV sources. The PMTs and much of the data acquisition system of Milagro will be reused for HAWC resulting in a cost effective detector that can be built quickly (2-3 years). The design improvements of HAWC along with the higher elevation site will make HAWC 15 times more sensitive than Milagro. In this paper we present the details of the HAWC detector simulation and design optimization studies and present the details of the sensitivity calculation. We will also describe the improvements that can be achieved in the sensitivity above 50 TeV through the expansion of the HAWC area and, in the sensitivity to extra-galactic sources such as AGN and GRBs with a denser PMT core to lower the threshold energy of HAWC.


A dual-band characteristic of multilayer aperture coupled microstrip log-periodic dipole antenna is studied. Further loading of patches is performed and its effects are investigated. It is a probe fed antenna for impedance matching with 50Ω coaxial cable. This antenna works well in the frequency range 4.3 GHz to 8.5 GHz. It is basically a low cost, light weight medium gain antenna, which is used for wireless communication. The multilayer microstrip antenna structure involves addition of multiple layers one over the other. When a microstrip antenna is stacked with a superstrate dielectric layer, its properties like resonance frequency, gain and bandwidth are changed, which may affect the system performance. With proper choice of the thickness of substrate and superstrate layers, significant increase in bandwidth and return loss can be achieved for practical applications. This structure uses stacked configuration of three different substrates. One dielectric substrate as a feeding plane, one dielectric substrate as aperture plane and a dielectric substrate as a LPDA. The simulated antenna yields -29.16 dB return loss with 33% bandwidth with a size of 14.80x16.89x6mm 3 . The proposed antennas present an excellent candidate for compact and low-cost microwave integrated systems. © 2013 Elixir All rights reserved. Elixir Elec. Engg. 61C (2013) 16900-16905 Electrical Engineering Available online at www.elixirpublishers.com (Elixir International Journal) Tele: E-mail addresses: firstname.lastname@example.com © 2013 Elixir All rights reserved Prateek Wankhade et al./ Elixir Elec. Engg. 61C (2013) 16900-16905 16901 slot with the proposed UWB antenna, the narrow notch band near 5.5GHz can be created to avoid interferences from other narrow band communication systems in this frequency band. A new feeding technique for printed Log-periodic dipole arrays (LPDAs) was presented by Giovanni Andrea Casula et al. [5], it was used to design a printed LPDA operating between 4 and 18 GHz. The simulation results showed that the antenna can be used as an Ultra Wideband Antenna in the range 6-9 GHz. M. Mehranpour et al. [6] proposed a novel printed monopole antenna for ultra wide band applications with dual band-notch function. The antenna consisted of a square radiating patch with a pair of L-shaped slits, and an E-shaped slot and a ground plane with a V-shaped protruded strip, which provides a wide usable fractional bandwidth of more than 140% (2.89–17.83 GHz). In order to generate single band-notch characteristics, two Lshaped slits in the radiating patch were used. By adding an Eshaped slot in the centre of the radiating patch, a dual bandnotch function is achieved. Also, by inserting a V-shaped protruded in the ground plane, additional resonances were excited, and hence much wider impedance bandwidth could be produced, especially at the higher band. The measured results reveal that the presented dual band-notch monopole antenna offers a very wide bandwidth with two notched bands, covering all the 5.2/5.8-GHz WLAN, 3.5/5.5-GHz WIMAX and 4-GHz C-bands. The designed antenna has a small size area of mm, which has a size reduction of 35% with respect to the previous similar antenna. Radostin S. Pavlov et al. [7] demonstrated logperiodic antennas that exhibit broadband directivity as a result of the self-similar relation between the lengths, separations and widths of the elements. Numerical simulations showed that the log periodic designs have a considerable potential for improvement of both directivity and operation bandwidth over classical Yagi–Uda designs and the influence of geometrical parameters on angular performance and local field enhancement to arrive at optimum values. It demonstrated that introducing a gap in the dipole array architecture can provide at least a tenfold enhancement of the emitted power. Radostin S. Pavlov et al. [7] also presented an optical zigzag antenna capable of both broader spectral response and even higher directivity. An antenna with the notched frequencies of 1.03 GHz, 1.28 GHz, 1.72 GHz, 2.24 GHz and 2.51 GHz is designed, fabricated, and measured by Tian Haiyan in [8]. Antenna model was established on the substrate of FR4 and feed by a strip line. The simulation results show that the antenna can achieve an impendence wide bandwidth from 0.89 to 2.58 GHz with return loss less than –10 dB and exhibit stable antenna gain. A compact planar antenna operating at a frequency range of 3–16 GHz was presented by Rezaul Azim et al. [9] for wideband applications. This antenna composed of a square patch fed by a microstrip line and a partial ground plane with a rectangular slot. The flat antenna had a compact structure and the total size was 29 mm×22 mm. The result shows that the measured impedance bandwidth (VSWR≤ 2) of the proposed antenna is 3.2–15.44 GHz, with a notch from 4.7 to 5.8 GHz. The effects of the structure parameters on impedance bandwidth were also investigated. A comparison was carried out between different material of pad, calculation of parameters and method of simulation by Ping Li et al. [10]. Through selection, A Printed Log-Periodic Antenna was made using the material of TB-73. The antenna could be used in the channel of 700MHz to 3GHz from the results of actual measurement, the average of Gain was found to be better than 9dB, and the VSWR was less than 1.2 from 700MHz to 2GHz. Adding covering, which was made of PEI and changing the feed structure were also measured and analysed. From the results, the operating frequency became narrow after adding covering, and the bandwidth in high frequency points dropped 200MHz. With the change of feeder, VSWR was higher than 2 in high frequency points and reduce to less than 1.2 in low frequency. A method to form a notch band was presented by The-Nan Chang et al. [11].Complementary split-ring resonators in the Tstub region of a CPW-feed ultra wideband (UWB) antenna were etched. Due to limited space in this region, two resonators were connected together so that they would have a common slot edge. Compared with two separated CSSRs, this new design not only occupied less space but also yielded high mismatch losses. It was found that high mismatch losses and deep suppression level can be obtained at the desired notch band. Constant radiation characteristics over a decade bandwidth are required for some of wide band applications, for example, feeds for reflector antennas in radio telescope [12]. Jian Yang [12] presented an analysis on condition for constant radiation characteristics over wide bandwidth for a log-periodic array antenna was presented. Joseph R. Mruk et al. [13] proposed three band rejection techniques integrated with a multi-octave wideband planar logperiodic antenna. Antennas were designed to operate between 1.8 and 11 GHz with rejection at 6 GHz. Demonstrated bandrejection techniques include the removal of resonant teeth also referred to as aperture rejection, integration of a dual band filter, and combination of the two above techniques. Aperture rejection is shown to produce greater than 25 dB realized gain reduction. Integrated filter and combined methods achieve over 30 dB and 55 dB rejections, respectively. Antennas were fabricated on a 0.508 mm RT/Duroid 6002 substrate and excellent agreement between theory and measurements was obtained. Three types of ultra wideband (UWB) antennas with triple notched bands were proposed and investigated by Yan Zhang et al. [14]. The proposed antennas consist of a planar circular patch monopole UWB antenna and multiple etched slots on the patch and/or split ring resonators (SRRs) coupled to the feed line. Shih-Yuan Chen et al. [15] presented coplanar waveguide-fed uniplanar log-periodic slot antenna suitable for use in the ultrawideband radio systems. The in-band impedances and radiation performances were quite stable and satisfactory. Rejected narrow frequency band was obtained by inserting a pair of metallic stubs into two vertical slots of the proposed antenna. The stub pair provides significant attenuation in the desired notched band but has little effect on the antenna operation outside of the notch. The time-domain characteristics of the proposed antennas are also investigated. Jian Yang et al. in [16] presented a new compact design of a 1.2–10 GHz Eleven antenna, as a feed for reflector antennas by re-arranging the geometry of the outermost elements of the antenna. The new compact eleven feed has only a 40% volume of the original standard eleven feed. A design was proposed to achieve Maximum bandwidth in multilayer patch array in [17]. A new wideband stacked patch antenna was successfully fabricated on microwave substrates using micromachining and micro-assembly methods in [18]. In [19] a compact single-feed stack antenna consisting of a square loop radiator with perturbation, an aperture-coupled structure and a straight-strip feed line was proposed for circular polarization (CP) and Prateek Wankhade et al./ Elixir Elec. Engg. 61C (2013) 16900-16905 16902 unidirectional radiation applications. Tamer Güdü and Lale Alatan in [20] presented asymptotic waveform equation/pade approximation techniques to analyse structures with periodic implants. A new compact microstrip antenna was designed for ultra wideband applications in [21]. Due to its compact design, structure also finds its application in mobile communication. Bandwidth about 50% was achieved with maximum gain about 7.5 dB. The configuration of the multilayer antenna consists of three different planes; feeding plane, aperture plane and an LPDA. feeding plane and aperture plane using patch on the substrate but in this design an LPDA designed on the top layer which acts as director. In the proposed design, we will investigate the effect of loading of patches onto the director (LPDA). In this paper, the configuration of the proposed multilayer Microstrip LPDA antenna is described in detail. Design specifications are discussed, considering the eff


A vibration in a high-speed machine may lead to machinery malfunction and even catastrophic failure. So solving the vibration problem is a fundamental requirement for the stability of the high-speed machine. The flywheel energy storage system using superconducting magnetic bearings is a device to store electrical energy as rotational kinetic energy by motor and to convert it to electrical by generator when necessary. The high-speed rotating flywheel has large amplitude at a critical speed. And it has an unstable behavior by the electric torque at the first stage of the energy generation. In this paper, the stability analysis is performed with an analytical model and equations of motion-which is considered the effect of the electric torque-to identify the stable driving condition and the dynamic behavior.


The invention provides a method for producing waterborne coating with phosphated residue. The method includes: heating the phosphated residue and ammonia water in water bath with stirring, filtering prior to adding sodium hydroxide to obtain ferric hydroxide precipitate, and subjecting the ferric hydroxide precipitate to washing, filtering and drying prior to calcination at the temperature of 700-800 DEG C for 2-3 hours and crushing to obtain iron oxide red; stirring and mixing the iron oxide red, nanofiller, chelating agent, triethanolamine, methacrylic acid, acrylic acid, modified polyurethane, isothiazolinone and propylene glycol methyl ether acetate to obtain the waterborne coating. The phosphated residue is fully utilized to convert additives for preparing waterborne coating, the phosphated residue is turned into treasure, and the waterborne coating prepared is non-toxic, pollution free, green, environmentally friendly, zero in degree of adhesion, strong in corrosion resistance, few in metal spots and excellent in comprehensive performance; the method is simple in production process, continuous production of the phosphating technology is facilitated, zero emission of the phosphated residue is achieved, production cost can be lowered, and industrial production is promoted.


As part of a study of thermally stable explosives, the heats of combustion and standard enthalpies of formation of 22 experimental organic explosives and of one standard explosive, TNT, were determined. The results of these measurements, together with the reported crystal densities, were used to calculate the detonation velocities and pressures by two different methods. The calculated velocities were compared with experimental velocities where suitable values of the latter were available. (auth)


Department of Psychiatry and Medical Psychology, Division of Nuclear Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium and Department of Medical Imaging, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium. Correspondence to Dr K. Audenaert, Department of Psychiatry and Medical Psychology, Ghent University Hospital – 1K12F, De Pintelaan 185, B-9000 Gent, Belgium. Tel: + 32 9 240 4395; fax: + 32 9 240 4989; e-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com


Some international environmental governance systems or, as we often call them, international regimes are successful by most any standard. Exemplary cases include the regime created to protect the stratospheric ozone layer, the Antarctic Treaty System, and the multilateral arrangement established to clean up the Rhine River. The lack of efficacy or relative failure of other regimes created to deal with largescale environmental problems is equally evident. Prominent examples include the climate regime, the arrangement created to combat desertification, and some (but not all) of the regional fisheries management regimes. Many regimes fall between these polar categories. They achieve a measure of success, though it is often hard to place them precisely along a continuum ranging from failure to complete success. Cases that fit this description include the regime governing trade in endangered species, the regime dealing with pollution of the sea from ships, and the regime focusing on pollution in the North Sea. Not surprisingly, some regimes are successful for a time but subsequently decline or even collapse (e.g. the regime for North Pacific fur seals), while others are slow to gain traction but become more successful with the passage of time (e.g. the regime dealing with transboundary air pollution in Europe). How can we explain this mixed record in efforts to address problems of environmental governance in international society? Are there identifiable factors that


Objective To establish normative data for placenta volume (PV) at 11-13+6 weeks of gestation age using three-dimensional ultrasound (3DUS).Methods From June 2011 to July 2012,placental volume was prospectively measured by vitual organ computer-aided analysis(VOCAL) method in 169normal pregnancies and correlated with gestational age and crown-rump length (CRL).The maximum placental diameter(MPD) and the maximum placenta thickness(MPT) were calculated in the same maximal plane.Then,regression analysis was used to deduce the formula for the expected placenta volume.Results 1) The placenta volume ranged from 33.2 cm3 at 11 weeks to 171.3cm3 at 14 weeks with a mean of (84.9 ± 26.5 cm3),the gestational age ranged from 79 days and 100 days with a mean of (87.6 ± 3.9)day,the CRL ranged from 4.6 cm to 8.3 cm with a mean of (6.2 ± 0.8) cm.2) Linear regression yielded the following formula for the placental volumes (PV) according to gestational age(GA):PV =-190.6 + 21.8 ×GA (r =0.511,P <0.001) and according to CRL:PV =-17.5 + 16.5 × CRL (r =0.513,P <0.001).3) The placenta volume could be estimated by the formula according to MPD and MPT:PV=-30.7 + 12.6 ×MPD + 11.7 × MPT (r =0.622,P < 0.01).Conclusions Placental volume of the first trimester has positive relationship with gestational age and crown-rump length during the first trimester.Placenta volume can be estimated simply by maximal placenta length and thickness through two dimensional ultrasound.

Key words:
Ultrasonography,three-dimensional;  Placenta;  Placental volume;  Fetal development


Kostmann (1956) has drawn attention to the existence of a state of chronic neutropenia which may account for recurrent infections in certain children. This state of neutropenia is distinct from that occurring in leukaemia, in toxic states, in infectious diseases, or as a feature of cyclic neutropenia. Kostmann studied six children of whom three died of overwhelming infection before the age of 6 months, and one at the age of 3 years. The remaining two, who were less severely affected, were both alive four years later, but in one the granulocytes in the blood had increased, and in the other there had been no blood counts from the age of 5 months. A study of the families of these children showed that eight other children had died in infancy with a history suggesting agranulocytosis. In one family in which there had been much inbreeding, one branch showed one affected child who had been fully investigated and three elder children who had presented a similar picture; three other branches each showed an affected child who had been fully investigated, and in each of three further branches of the same family a child had died with the same clinical picture. In two other families the parents were closely related. These findings led Kostmann to suggest that the disease was due to a recessive gene and to label these cases 'infantile genetic agranulocytosis'. There are no other reports of this disease occurring in more than one member of a family. Fanconi (1941) described two infants aged 7 months in whom the granulocytopenia was associated with mild recurrent infections over a period of several months, but in whom recovery eventually took place. Hotz (1941) described agranulocytosis in a girl of 4 months who had suffered from furuncles at the age of 2 weeks. Her blood count was normal two and a half years later. Tobler and Buser-Pluss (1942) described agranulocytosis in a girl of 10 months who had a history of infections from the age of 3 weeks. She was under observation for six months, but her further progress is not recorded. Salomonsen (1948) described another single case, a child of 9 months, in whom granulocytopenia persisted for one and a half years, gradually decreasing after one year. Strom (1949) described a child of 15 months with granulocytopenia for 10 months, but in this case the picture was somewhat different in that the patient had recurrent exanthemata. The case reported here is another example of the condition and is of interest as the granulocytopenia still persists at the age of 4 years 3 months.


Abstract : This investigation addresses the need to identify potential MANPRINT- related research issues in the Army Imagery Intelligence (IMINT) Area and develop a research plan for studying those issues. Potential research issues were identified through the review of documents related to imagery intelligence and corps-level doctrine and through interviews with functional subject matters experts (SMEs) in the intelligence community. Following the identification of potential research issues, the authors developed a research strategy to address the issues and a plan for a research demonstration in an imagery intelligence field exercise. The literature review and interviews with SMEs identified a number of MANPRINT-related issues. The issues were grouped into five categories of MANPRINT-related topics: (1) Manpower and Personnel; (2) Training; (3) Human Factors/Health Hazards; (4) Organizational Structure; and (5) Requirements Analysis. A sixth category, engineering and facilities, impacts on many of the MANPRINT-related factors. The IMINT MANPRINT-related issues and the research strategy identified in this report provide a foundation for building a research program that supports decision makers in the intelligence community.


Chapter 4 focuses on adolescent feelings, including two large concepts: (1)musical perseverance and vulnerability, and (2) musical agency. Adolescents share their feelings about making music—how they use music to strengthen the self, persevere through difficulty, experience joy, and connect with others. Building blocks to musical agency are identified as perseverance and vulnerability. The chapter then looks closely at musical agency, specifically self-regulation, self-transformation, and connecting to self and world. The end of the chapter introduces holistic teaching with an aim to foster balance, inclusion, and connection. Educators are encouraged to work with adolescents on growing a sense of purpose.


Dragan Mirkov1, Olivera M. Knezevic2 and Slobodan Jaric3 University of Belgrade Faculty of Sport and Physical Education, Serbia1 University of Belgrade Institute for Medical Research, Serbia2 University of Delaware, Department of Kinesiology and Applied Physiology3 We evaluated the ability of recently proposed two-velocity method to discriminate between thigh muscle mechanical capacities of the involved and the uninvolved leg following ACL reconstruction (ACLR). 15 athletes were tested 4 and 6 months following ACLR. F-V linear relationship parameters (F intercept F0, V intercept V0, slope – a, and Pmax) were obtained from line drawn through 60 and 180 °/s data (the 'two-velocity method'). In quadriceps, all parameters revealed between leg differences 4 and 6 months after ACLR. In addition F0 and V0 of the involved leg were higher at 6 than at 4 months after ACLR. In hamstrings, differences between legs were found only for F0 at 4 months. In conclusion, parameter of the two-velocity method could be sensitive enough to detect between-leg differences in muscle F, V, and P producing capacities following ACLR.


This paper introduces a meter of the root-mean-square value of deterministic and stochastic signals of an arbitrary shape that are generated over the set time interval. Such a meter involves only the minimum number of simple arithmetic operations to obtain results, and it ensures a high degree of measurement accuracy. For this purpose, the direct calculation of the signal root-mean-square value is applied while the measurement of the half-period average straightened signal value is carried out by means of the traditional measurement devices. Implementation of this meter requires neither the knowledge of what the signal period is, nor the synchronization with the processed sampling. Simulation is then carried out demonstrating the high efficiency of the proposed measurement algorithm. We analyze the characteristics of the meter operating within a wide frequency range of the measurable signals. The recommendations concerning the hardware implementation of such a meter by means of the field programmable gate arrays are considered. The meter can be used when designing digital high-frequency AC voltmeters and ammeters and it can provide the readings that do not depend upon the signal waveform.


GASP IV is a FORTRAN-based simulation language which provides the framework for modeling systems involving both continuous and discrete phenomena. A general ization of the definition of "event" allows for time to be advanced in a next-event fashion while permit ting a step-wise evaluation of system state variables described by difference or differential equations. Subprograms are included in GASP IV to handle the details of state and event control (including state- variable integration when necessary), information storage and retrieval, collection and analysis of data on system performance, and generation of reports and plots. In this paper, the GASP IV philosophy and modeling approach are described. Descriptions of the subpro grams included in GASP IV and the required user- written subprograms are given. The types of applica tions that have utilized GASP IV are listed. A com panion paper (beginning on p. 71) presents a detailed example of the use of GASP IV for simulating a continuous reaction process involving discrete startups and shutdowns.


Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to present practicing management professionals with a model related to succession management and planning. Design/methodology/approach – Using a review of existent literature, this work examines and expounds upon the impact of succession management and planning as a potential genesis of, and an opportunity to mitigate, organizational problems related to senior executive turnover. Findings – This manuscript presents a succession management and planning model for practicing professionals that is based on three key tenets: first, a plan (of some sort) is necessary for corporate resilience and sustainability; second, an organization has in inherent responsibility and need to plan for replacements and prioritize allocation of resources; and third, succession management planning aids in the establishment of organizational resilience and stability amid contingencies. Practical implications – This work examines how, ultimately, succession management and planning is a means t...


The paper proposes a novel optimization approach of performance for WSN.The end-to-end data rate per the unit of energy is introduced such that the integrated effects of the routing algorithm,the access control protocol and the transmission technologies on the performance of WSN are discussed.The packet success ratio and delay per hop were derived,based on which the end-to-end packet success ratio,delay and energy cost were deduced.Finally,the expression of the average end-to-end data rate was derived and the performance of WSN was analyzed.The simulation results demonstrate that the performance of WSN can be enhanced greatly by optimizing the transmission probability of packet and error correcting capability.


Data hiding is still an important research topic due to the design complexities involved. Steganography is the technique of hiding confidential information within any Steganography is often confused with cryptography because the two are similar in the way that they both are used to protect confidential information. But because of original image we propose a Reversible Contrast M (RCM) is a simple integer transform that applies to pairs of pixels. For some pairs of pixels, RCM is invertible, even if the least significant bits (LSBs) of the transformed pixels are lost. The data space occupied by the LSBs is suitable for data hiding. The embedded information bitspatial domain reversible watermarking scheme are close to the highest bit-rates reported so far. The scheme does not need additional data compression, and, in terms of mathematical complexity, it appears to be the lowest complexity one proposed up to now. A very fast lookup table implementation is proposed. Robustness against cropping can be ensured as well


Three-level inverters are increasingly being used in high power middle voltage applications due to their superior performance compared to two-level inverters. However, The neutral point fluctuation problem associated with the traditional three-level inverter like neutral-point clamped inverter is difficult to deal with. This paper proposes a novel three-level topology which is constructed by two three-phase full-bridges with parallel dc input and isolated series ac output. Of this topology, the neutral point imbalance problem is totally avoided, the utilization ratio of dc voltage is twice that of the traditional three-level inverters, and the reliability is increased by switching to two-level mode when one bridge fault occurs. Based on the basic vectors and switching states of this novel inverter, a corresponding SVPWM scheme is developed, which is realized by categorizing switching sequence into five different cases in accordance with modulation index m. The optimized switching sequence reduced the number of switching occurrence when the reference vector changing between sectors as well as triangle areas. Finally, simulation results are provided.


The main bridge of Nancangdao Interchange is designed as a single pylon cable-stayed bridge having a jointed pylon,separated decks and rigid fixity system of pylon and decks.The span arrangement of the bridge is 2×150 m and the bridge is seismically protected in accordance with 8 degree seismic intensity.As the bridge spans the trunk railway lines,the dynamic and seismic performance of the bridge is particularly important.In this paper,the structural features and dynamic performance of the bridge are presented,the study of seismic safety evaluation at the bridge site and seismic load calculation is described,the seismic response of the bridge is comparatively analyzed by response spectrum and dynamic time-history analysis methods,and(eventually) the seismic resistance design is discussed.


Gives the design and implementation of a test bench system for an automated mechanical transmission(AMT).The effective inertia of vehicle is calculated by applying a power factor,and an experimental method simulating the road resistance force in segments is proposed.A fly-wheel system is optimally designed to provide mechanical inertia.The load simulation and matching of variable inertia of the AMT combined debugging test bench are achieved.Practical application proved that the design of AMT combined test bench meets the requirements.


The invention relates to a multifunctional polyester film and a preparing method of the multifunctional polyester film. The multifunctional polyester film is prepared from the following raw materials, by mass, 1-5% of performance additive and 1-5% of polyethylene naphthalate chips, the balance being super bright polyester chips. The performance additive is of a capsule-core structure, the core layer is made of composite coconut shell powder, and the thickness ratio of the capsule layer to the core layer is 1: 16; the diameter of the performance additive is 0.5-4 micrometers; the composite coconut shell powder contains indium tin oxid, nanometer titania and nanometer titanium nitride. A two-way drawing process is adopted in the preparing method for production. The multifunctional polyester film is wide in application range; for example, the multifunctional polyester film can be applied to environment-friendly thin films, twist wrap films, highly-bright films, insulating films, capacitance films, card protection films, hot stamping films, aluminum laminated films and composite packaging films. The nanometer titanium nitride is small in grain size, large in specific area and high in surface activity, and the nanometer titanium nitride has good barrier properties because the ultraviolet light shielding rate is larger than 80%.


This paper considers a version of the traffic assignment problem in which travel information may affect travelers' choices. It focuses on the route choice impacts of pre-trip and en route travel messages. A framework is proposed for conceptualizing the key variables, relationships and assignment principle for this problem. Consistency between network conditions, messages and driver behavior is represented as a fixed point of a composite problem map. A small computational example illustrates the application of the ideas


The development of human resources in our logistic enterprises should absorb talents and strengthen their training,guarantee them from mechanism,innovate the management mode and carry out the tactics of contracts.


Recently, the waveletanalysis is being applied to the various fields, such as image data compression in informatics and spectrum analysis of the electrocardiogram. In the present article, we propose the two approaches, employing the waveletanalysis for the human heart diagnosis. One is the data base approach, and the other is an inverse approach searching for the magnetic field source of the human heart. The data base approach is an application of the data compression to the magnetocardiogram. Also, the magnetic field source searching is an application of the spectrum analysis to the magnetocardiogram. The results reveal that the data base approach makes it possible to identify the normal or abnormal heart, and the magnetic field source search is capable of estimating the current distribution of a distinct heart.


This study examined practice-based learning across different occupations. In the trades, practice-based learning is usually called 'apprenticeship'. In information technology industries, it is known as 'cadetship'. In the later stages of formal learning in medicine, social work, and teaching, it is 'practicum' or vocational 'immersion'. Practice-based learning foregrounds learning-by-doing and structured novice-to-expert progression while working. This approach is increasingly important around the world. Education programmes are moving away from a simple alignment of 'the theory' with classroom learning and 'the practical' with work know-how. Workplace learning experiences are now an important part of becoming a knowledgeable, skilled, and professional practitioner in all kinds of areas.


We propose a 5 GHz-band 3-stacked MLA integrated with a meander-line shape balun using multi-layered substrates. Return loss and actual gain are evaluated by 3D electromagnetic simulation and measurement. As a result, relative bandwidth of 2.4% and actual gain of −1.5 dBi at 5.0 GHz are measured. Cross polarization gain of more than 30 dB can be suppressed compared to co-polarization in the desired band.


Objective: To study the mechanisms by which haemodynamic function improves following long saphenous vein-saving surgery. Design: Cohort study. Patients: Twenty patients, 14 women and six men, with primary varicose veins. Interventions: Varicose vein surgery by the long saphenous vein-saving technique. Main outcome measures: Preoperative investigation by physical examination, strain-gauge plethysmography, phlebography and measurements of the long saphenous vein diameter at four different locations using high-resolution, real-time ultrasound. Three months following vein-saving surgery, the patients were reassessed with physical examination, strain-gauge plethysmography and measurements of the long saphenous vein diameter. Results: All patients but one showed excellent or good results following surgery. The preoperative diameter of the long saphenous vein was reduced by 40% at four different levels in the operated legs (p<0.01). The venous return time of the same legs increased 2.4 times (p<0.001). The decrease of the long saphenous vein diameter correlated positively with the increase in venous return time (t-50), (r=0.50, p=0.04). Conclusion: The results suggest that the development of incompetent perforators is an early major event in the formation of primary varicose veins. The results also suggest that the long saphenous vein valvular incompetence in varicose veins is attributable to venous wall dilatation rather than degeneration of the valves. The results support the hypothesis that the improvement in haemodynamic function following long saphenous vein-saving surgery is due, at least partly, to a reduction of the long saphenous vein diameter, which in turn tends to restore valvular competence.


Abstract Inherent flaw sizes were determined from fatigue lifetimes, and from the crack length dependence of the strain energy to break, for four cis-1,4-polyisoprenes compounded to have the same crosslink density and low strain hysteresis. Both techniques indicated that the flaws intrinsic to guayule rubber (GR), and to a lesser extent conventional natural rubber, are larger than those found in deproteinized NR. This result may not be surprising; however, the failure properties of the elastomers, expected to depend on flaw size, were surprising. The guayule rubber and a natural rubber of relatively low purity (SMR-10) had the highest tensile strengths, tear strengths, breaking energies, and fatigue lifetimes, while DPNR exhibited the worst failure properties. Such an inverse correlation between flaw size and failure performance is due to the dominant effect of strain-induced crystallization. GR and SMR-10 have the highest propensity for strain-induced crystallization, while DPNR is the least strain-cryst...


An 11-segment computer simulation model of aerial movement was used to generate a set of configuration and orientation angles for a double straight somersault with a full twist in the second somersault (back-in full-out). Computer graphics were generated in real-time using OpenInventor from a virtual head-mounted camera and were rendered at 50 Hz to a Trivisio 3scope stereo Head Mounted Display worn by the user to give a trampolinist's view. Changes in orientation of the user's head in the real world were detected by a 3D-Bird sensor and were reflected in real-time movements of the head of the virtual trampolinist. The system allowed continuous repetition of the trampoline skill and was tested by several elite gymnasts who learned the correct head movement at a reduced speed before increasing to half actual performance speed.


Using a multi-case study approach, factors for successful change management during information technology implementation are suggested and evaluated. The study explores change management practices and outcomes related to the implementation of new software in a corporate environment. The outcome of the study suggests five factors as being crucial to a successful and efficient software implementation, i.e. that the software is useful to the end user and that the software is effective. The factors identified are: 1) Loci of the Change Agent (Internal versus External Development), 2) Data Validation, 3) Understanding the Needs of End Users, 4) Software Quality, and 5) Adequate Training and Support. These factors are evaluated using four case studies involving software change management.


Cold-insoluble globulin (CIg) is a member of a group of circulating and cell-associated, high-molecular-weight glycoproteins termed fibronectins. CIg was isolated from human plasma by affinity chromatography on gelatin-Sepharose. SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of the purified glycoprotein gave a double band that migrated near myosin. The CIg glycopeptides were released by pronase digestion and isolated by chromatography on Sephadex G-50. Affinity chromatography of the major G-50 peak on Con A-Sepharose resulted in two fractions: one-third of the glycopeptides were unbound and two-thirds were weakly bound (WB). Sugar composition analysis of the unbound glycopeptides by GLC of the trimethylsilyl methyl glycosides gave the following molar ratios: sialic acid, 2.5; galactose, 3.0; N-acetylglucosamine, 4.9; and mannose, 3.0. Sugar composition analysis of the WB glycopeptides gave the following molar ratios: sialic acid, 1.7; galactose, 2.0; N-acetylglucosamine, 4.1; and mannose, 3.0. The WB CIg glycopeptides cochromatographed on Sephadex G-50 with WB transferrin glycopeptides giving an estimated molecular weight of 2,800. After degradation with neuraminidase alone or sequentially with β-galactosidase the CIg and transferrin glycopeptides again cochromatographed. Methylation linkage analysis of the intact and the partially degraded glycopeptides indicated that the carbohydrate structure of the major human CIg glycopeptide resembles that of the major glycopeptide from transferrin.


ABS>An inventory of U. S. energy resources is presented together with approximate timetables and product costs for implementation of the technologies necessary for clean utilization of these resources. These energy components include fossil fuels and their conversion to clean synthetic fuels, nuclear fuel supplies, geothermal energy, wind power, thermonuclear fusion, and the ultimate resource, solar energy. The cost of solar energy is treated in considerable detail for several prospective applications and basic energy conservation strategies are outlined. (13l references) (auth)


advanced the claim that the novel is a form of epic literature characteristic of "disintegrated" civilizations or of what Max Weber called the "disenchanted" world. "The novel," Lukaics says, "is the epic of an age in which the extensive totality of life is no longer directly given, yet which still thinks in terms of totality" (TN 56). If the epic world is "rounded from within," so that, as Hegel said in his Aesthetics, each individual action and each object in it is the reflection of a totality complete in itself, then the novel reflects the "transcendental homelessness" characteristic of the subject in the modern (read: postepic) world;2 this is a world in which man is "unsheltered," deprived of the metaphysical comfort of the gods or of access to a natural context of desire, yet hard pressed to derive any ultimate meaning from the world itself. Lukaics places the origins of the novel, in Cervantes's Don Quixote, on the edge of a great upheaval of values. On the one hand, Cervantes is the faithful Christian and loyal patriot, a steadfast believer in the values of traditional society; on the other hand, his protagonist is set in a world that no longer recognizes the purpose of heroic action and that has come to doubt the value of literature as a source of ethical


In the paper the mathematical model of multipath routing with load balancing in the MPLS network is proposed. This model describes the processes of routing and distribution links resource. This model takes into account the characters of links (duplex, half-duplex or simplex links) and prevents the effect of packets looping. And criterion of load balancing in proposed model is quality service parameters.


Physid snails (Pulmonata: Physidae) are widespread in freshwater habitats throughout the Holartic and are generally considered to feed on periphyton. However, several studies have shown that they also consume living plant material and detritus. In streams where multiple food sources are available, snails may preferentially feed on resources based on palatability or accessibility. It is likely that snail feeding influences food availability and that, when preferable items (e.g. periphyton) are lacking, less desirable food sources can be consumed (e.g. detritus). In Florida, USA, six species of physid snails occur in low-order tributaries of the St Johns River, of which Haitia pomilia (Conrad) has been found to be abundant (M.A. Chadwick, unpublished data). The food sources available in different streams where H. pomilia have been collected vary dramatically due to the presence of a closed or open canopy. Streams with closed canopies are lined with red maple (Acer rubrum ), sweet gum (Liquidambar styraciflua ) and water oak (Quercus nigra ) trees. Streams with an open canopy (due to urbanization and stream-channel modifications) have macrophytes, particularly the invasive Hydrilla verticillata. This plant was introduced from Asia to North America in the 1960s and its role as a potential food source is not well known. The goal of this study was to assess how differences in putative detrital food sources affect H. pomilia growth. Due to their ubiquitous distribution, understanding how snails respond to changes in the availability of different food sources may yield important insights into the processing of organic matter. In June 2004, H. pomilia were collected from small tributaries of the St Johns River in the vicinity of Jacksonville, Florida and transported to the Experimental Mesocosm Facility at the University of Alabama. Snails were kept in temperature-controlled recirculation tanks (800 l, 5 m length, 0.4 m width and depth, 188C, 15 cm/s flow velocity) and provided food sources including live H. verticillata and detritus composed of air-dried red maple, sweet gum and water oak leaves (collected immediately after leaf abscission) and H. verticillata. In October 2004, feeding/growth experiments were initiated. Forty plastic Petri dishes were prepared with one of four treatments composed of detritus from H. verticillata, red maple, sweet gum or water oak (i.e. ten replicates per treatment). In order to homogenize the detritus, air-dried material of each source was conditioned in the mesocosm stream for 2 weeks, re-dried and then ground with a Wiley mill (no. 40 sieve). In each dish, 25 ml of distilled water and 75 mg of fine particulate organic matter (FPOM) were added. Snails were randomly selected from the mesocosm (total shell length 3–6 mm), photographed (RT SE digital camera, Diagnostic Instruments, Inc.), and then randomly assigned to a food source treatment. The treatments were then placed in a randomly blocked arrangement in an 188C incubator, which was used to eliminate light and the potential for periphyton growth. Digital pictures of each snail were then retaken 18 days later. Shell lengths were measured directly from each picture using image analysis software (SPOT, Diagnostic Instruments, Inc.). Snail instantaneous growth rates (g ) were calculated as g 1⁄4 ln(Wfinal/Winitial)/Dt, where W is snail mass (mg) and t is time (d). After 18 days, snails were removed from the dishes and all remaining material was dried and weighed. The remaining material was a mix of dissolved organic carbon, unconsumed FPOM and snail faeces, but this measurement was used as a proxy for food consumption. We developed a predictive model to estimate snail ash-free dry mass from shell length (Table 1). One-way ANOVA was used to assess differences among treatment for both snail growth rates and food consumption. Pair-wise comparisons among treatments were accomplished using 95% confidence intervals. Survival rates for snails among treatments ranged from 70 to 100%. Snail instantaneous growth varied significantly among treatments (F3,32 1⁄4 5.86, P 1⁄4 0.003) with theH. verticillata treatment having much higher growth rates than the other three treatments (Fig. 1). Food consumption also varied significantly among the treatments (F3,32 1⁄4 8.31, P, 0.001) with the least amount of organic matter being found in the H. verticillata treatment (Fig. 2).


Louise Douce has been a leader in the field of counseling psychology and, more specifically, college student mental health for over 40 years. Her long-standing involvement in the Society of Counseling Psychology (SCP) or Division 17 of the American Psychological Association through a variety of leadership roles—including fellows chair, vice president of education and training, president, and SCP council representative—demonstrate her covenant with the values and spirit of counseling psychology. She is renowned for her endless passion for diversity and inclusion, her role as a visionary, her commitment to creating change on college campuses around mental health issues, and her excellence as a mentor. These themes come to life through the eyes of those who have been mentored and inspired by her important work on behalf of all counseling psychologists.


Lomecel‐B is a formulation of allogeneic medicinal signaling cells (MSCs), which exert pleiotropic mechanisms of action (MOAs) with potential to simultaneously target multiple pathophysiological features of Alzheimer's disease (AD).


This paper presents a new diagnostic model for various diseases. In the proposed diagnostic model, a water wave optimization (WWO) algorithm was implemented for improving the diagnosis accuracy. It was observed that the WWO algorithm suffered from the absence of global best information and premature convergence problems. Therefore in this work, some improvements were proposed to formulate the WWO algorithm as more promising and efficient. The global best information issue was addressed by using an improved solution search equation and the aim of this was to explore the global best optimal solution. Furthermore, a premature convergence problem was rectified by using a decay operator. These improvements were incorporated in the propagation and refraction phases of the WWO algorithm. The proposed algorithm was integrated into a diagnostic model for the analysis of healthcare data. The proposed algorithm aimed to improve the diagnosis accuracy of various diseases. The diverse disease datasets were considered for implementing the performance of the proposed diagnostic model based on accuracy and F-score performance indicators, while the existing techniques were regarded to compare the simulation results. The results confirmed that the WWO-based diagnostic model achieved a higher accuracy rate as compared to existing models/techniques with most disease/healthcare datasets. Therefore, it stated that the proposed diagnostic model is more promising and efficient for the diagnosis of different diseases.


For simulation studies that evaluate methods of handling missing data, we argue that generating partially observed data by fixing the complete data and repeatedly simulating the missingness indicators is a superficially attractive idea but only rarely appropriate to use.


Water-cooled solar semiconductor air conditioner was designed. Relevant calculation was made to determine the room's cooling load, which export the solar panels and battery capacity, followed by selection of CNC matcher. Development work also involves interior refrigerator, which used semiconductor refrigeration chip as the core cooling. The air cooled chiller functions by ways of the water cycle at the hot end and the forced air cooling at the cold end. To test the performance of the entire refirgeration system, a dedicated computer measuring & control system was developed. Test showed that the COP value of the solar semiconductor refrigeration system was close to 1.0.


The internal transcribed spacer and 5.8S rDNA of Enteromorpha prolifera forming green tide around the coast of Yantai were amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The resultant PCR product was cloned into pGEM-T Easy vector and subjected to nucleotide sequencing. Sequence analysis revealed that the ITS-l, 5.8 S and ITS-2 rDNA of E. prolifera were of 195 bp, 155 bp and 181 bp in length, respectively. The Enteromorpha prolifera ITS sequence shared significant homology with other reported ITS sequences of Enteromorpha with only one transition site and three transversion sites. These results suggested that analysis of ITS sequence could not effectively distinguish the species of Enteromorpha.


Niobium doped silver lead borate glasses with the chemical composition (29-x) PbO-yAg2O70B2O3-xNb2O5 (where x= 0.1 to 0.5mol%, y= 1 to 5 mol %) have prepared by conventional melt quenching method.SEM/XRD technique confines glassy nature of the prepared samples. IR and UV optical absorption technique have been used to obtain the information concerning network structure. From the absorption edge studies, the values of optical band gap energies have been evaluated. The density, molar volume, polarizability and glass transition temperature are found to be compositional dependent. The nonlinear variations of the above optical parameters are discussed with respect to Nb2O5 concentration.


Cloud computing technology is considered to be the top most strategic technology in today's world. This is the result made in the advancement in storage technology towards cloud computing. The world of cloud computing has become more and more advanced in the recent years. It has become more and more popular and powerful in gaining everyone's attention in the field axdbhof research and business as well. Advanced cryptographic techniques are proposed for performing security much stronger way. Therefore, people from different field especially for business in companies are relying on cloud storage. Auditability is considered as an important factor for securing the cloud environment to overcome the hacking issue. Data auditability has been designed for storing the cloud data. This paper discusses various data security algorithms for public cloud computing area.


State and multinational efforts aimed at containing jihadist terrorismin northern Nigeria have only yielded modest results despite the repressivenature of these efforts. The ranks of the foot soldiers of Boko Haram and Ansarufundamentalist Islamic sects continue to swell even in the face of the ferociousonslaught on their membership by state troops. In contrast to mainstream analysesthat highlight the salience of radical Islamism in coming to terms with insurgentproliferation, this article demonstrates that jihadist insurgency in northern Nigeriais better understood as a consequence of youth bulge syndrome, particularly thelow-cost availability of foot soldiers from the almajiri demographic cohort. Abandoned by parents and the state, the itinerant Quranic pupils resort to street, begging for alms and survival. And "street life" exposes the urchins to abuse, criminalization and subsequent mobilization for violent causes including terrorism. It is argued that until the practices of rampant child abuse and state neglect of thealmajirai and other vulnerable groups are addressed through better education, employment opportunities and poverty reduction, northern Nigeria is likely toremain a breeding ground of violent conflicts.


Humans loose functionality of many physiological systems and, hence, the social adaptation, after the age of 60. 65 years. The motor, cognitive, and circulation systems are the most essential for personal social adaptation. The human brain adapts to these age-related dysfunctions by means of natural reorganization and modification of its activity, though non-sufficiently. In this paper we review possible "external" interventions based on the Ambient Intelligence (AmI) technology. Interventions aim at compensation for growing social de-adaptation of the elderly that takes place due to cognitive and motor impairments. We propose and discuss a novel concept of AmI-based "supplemen-tary neocortex" (neo-neocortex) or "augmented intelligence" that in a close-to-natural form would partly substitute declining own cognition and mobility. We introduce our design vision of At-Home Laboratory (AHL) assisting the elder person posted on the real state of his/her functionality in everyday life.


Water action on intermediate combustion products in the air of aluminum nanopowder mixtures with catalytic admixtures of metals of the VI group of Periodic system was studied. It was ascertained that the studied samples are resistant to water action but at increase of рН the rate of interaction with water grows. Aluminum alpha-oxide and oxynitride are the most stable phases. The conclusion was drawn on possibility of aluminum nitride stabilization in the air due to aluminum oxynitride layer formed on the surface.


OBJECTIVE To investigate the salidroside on proliferation and apoptosis of human hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2 cells and its possible mechanisms of anti-tumor. METHODS Cultured HepG2 cells in vitro were used as the research object and their cell morphology were observed by inverted microscope. The inhibitory rate of cell proliferation was measured by MTS assay. The cell apoptosis was determined by flow cytometry. The protein expressions of Bcl-2,Bax,caspase-3 and caspase-8 were detected by Western blot analysis. RESULTS Salidroside could inhibit the proliferation of HepG2 cells and promote its apoptosis. The Bax,caspase-3 and caspase-8 protein expression were increased while Bcl-2 protein expression was decreased in HepG2 cells in a concentration-dependent manner. CONCLUSION Salidroside can inhibit the proliferation and induce the apoptosis of HepG2 cells,and the mechanism may be associated with regulating protein expression of Bcl-2,Bax,caspase-3 and caspase-8.


The article is devoted to the study of the relationship between the knowledge of English (as a foreign language) and the level of wages. The purpose of this paper is to confirm or refute the claim that there is a correlation between these two categories. Value/originality. The authors proved that English proficiency has the potential to increase workers' earnings. Factors such as work experience and organizational size were included in the study. Moreover, the paper suggests that learning English develops qualities valued by employers and increases employee competitiveness. The empirical base is the reports of EF (Education First), Cambridge English and QS. In particular, EF provides its annual reports summarizing the relationship between English and the various categories. The Cambridge English and QS report showed the percentage of employers who offer the best packages to applicants with good English skills. In Ukraine this figure is 83%. This study proved the existence of a correlation between the knowledge of English and the level of wages. The expected salary growth of a potential employee may well range from 8.5% to 34.1%, which was studied on the example of vacancies for marketers. Such wage differences exist not only because of the need to incorporate linguistic knowledge into the job, but also because of the skills that can be acquired through training. Good memory, better cognitive skills, the ability to stay focused and organized while performing tasks - these are the qualities that define a person who is most likely to handle all his/her responsibilities properly. In addition, it is determined that B2 (Upper-intermediate) is the most sought-after level of English among Kyiv marketers. One of the conclusions of the study is that people with no work experience but with linguistic skills have a chance to get a job, although the percentage of such vacancies is small.


Of the range of dielectric EAP-based actuators that currently exist those having a cylindrical configuration are perhaps the most important. Up until now the most popular tubular actuator designs have exploited the exceptional pre-strain performance of the acrylics VHB 2910 and VHB 2905. Unfortunately pre-stained acrylic film rolled tubular actuators with a spring core experience problems concerning reliability and life expectancy. Partly because of these problems research is beginning to be directed towards the design, fabrication and characterisation of core free tubular actuators. This work reviews the Voltage-Strain modeling of core free rolled actuators that are constructed using a dielectric electro active polymer film that employs smart electrode technology. Position response tests, whereby a step input of 1500 V was applied to each actuator, confirmed that time dependent strain influences the Voltage-Strain behaviour of the actuators. To represent the time dependent strain behaviour a creep effect model was combined with Pelrine's electromechanical model to provide a more accurate representation of the Voltage-Strain characteristics of the actuators.


Summary 1. The potency of streptomycin is greatly influenced by the composition of the medium, the salt concentration being most significant. 2. The inhibiting effect of glucose upon streptomycin activity is due to the specific nature of the organic nitrogenous compounds in the medium and to the salt concentration. 3. The effect of salt is exerted not upon the streptomycin itself but upon the medium, which in turn influences the growth of the organism.


Intelligence analysis is difficult due to the volume and complexity of the data, as well as the subtlety of the connections that have to be made in order to identify threats. Information visualization techniques are necessary for human interpretation of this data, but many use a single monitor that lack the resolution and area needed to effectively display it. We developed an application specifically for a high resolution tiled display, taking advantage of its increased area and pixel count to show a detailed and thorough geospatial and timeline view of terrorist activity. These displays were well suited for intelligence analysis visualization due to their ability to provide access to numerous details from multiple views, and allowed users to maintain the context of data. This work showcased the ability of high resolution visualizations to assist intelligence analysts.


This article deals with the objective Bayesian analysis of random censorship model with informative censoring using Weibull distribution. The objective Bayesian analysis has a long history from Bayes and Laplace through Jeffreys and is reaching the level of sophistication gradually. The reference prior method of Bernardo is a nice attempt in this direction. The reference prior method is based on the Kullback-Leibler divergence between the prior and the corresponding posterior distribution and easy to implement when the information matrix exists in closed-form. We apply this method to Weibull random censorship model and compare it with Jeffreys and maximum likelihood methods. It is observed that the closed-form expressions for the Bayes estimators are not possible; we use importance sampling technique to obtain the approximate Bayes estimates. The behaviour of maximum likelihood and Bayes estimators is observed via extensive numerical simulation. The proposed methodology is used for the analysis of a real-life data for illustration and appropriateness of the model is tested by Henze goodness-of-fit test.


This paper describes the unique in-land, non-Nilotic delta of Wadi El Galla, a seasonal water course which originates in the Nuba Mountains of Kordofan region and terminates in a chain of small ponds each known locally as a Bouta (pl Bowati). The Bowati are inhabited by a community of aquatic plants forming a wide spectrum ranging from small true (Euophytes) to large woody trees. The euophytes encountered were grouped into six categories. The free-floating species were represented by the small Lemna purpusilla Torr. and the larger Pistia stratiotes L. while only one submerged species was found: Ottelia alismoides (Planch.) Welp. One suspended species was found, Utricularia stellaris L. F. Three species of the floating-leaved plants were encountered namely, Nymphaea lotus L., N. micrantha Guill. & Perrott and Nymphoides nilotica (Kotschy & Peyr.) Léonard. The emergent Limnophyton obtusifolium (L.) Miq. was very prominent in all the Bowat constituting with N. lotus the two dominant species. Trailing from the Bouta edge and forming thick mats on the open water is Neptunia oleracea Lour., a member of the Fabaceae family. Within these euophytes and towering to over ten meters is the woody tree Mitragyna inermis Kuntze. Some of herbaceous plants are a source of food


Information in biology has a quality that distinguishes it from information in chemistry and physics. It comes in encoded form and it is processed in a way that is closely related to information technology and computer science. Biological information is essentially stored in genotypes and transferred to future generation through inheritance, and less directly through epigenetic processes. Cellular metabolism is interpreted straighforwardly as information processing. Information is closely related to complexity: more complex things require more information to build and to operate. Any comprehensive understanding of biological phenomena requires an interpretation in evolutionary terms, as Theodosius Dobzhansky 4] pointed out in his famous phrase: \Nothing in biology makes sense except in the light of evolution". Understanding the complexity of biological systems is thus always incomplete if nothing is known about its origin. It is commonplace to state that complexity has increased in the evolution of the biosphere. Human societies after all are indisputably more complex than animal societies. Animals, plants, and fungi, being multicellular organisms, are more complex than single cells. Eukaryotic cells are more complex than prokary-otic cells, and a cell is more complex than a bag of biopolymer molecules. At the same time the eeective biological information, understood as genetic and epige-netic information, increases as the phenotypes become more complex in the above mentioned series from polynucleotide molecules to man. Information and complexity , however, do not seem to have gradually increased during the history of


Introduction. In order to strengthen the international competitiveness of Japanese domestically produced common wheat, improving flour-milling quality is essential. Also necessary is developing a high-quality product that will satisfy the demands of domestic consumers in many developing countries. To achieve these goals, high flour milling and highyielding wheat cultivars must be developed. Hiro Nakamura (JIRCAS, now at NICS) hoped to breed high flour-milling quality and high-yielding wheat cultivars at CIMMYT for many developing countries and proposed this wheat-breeding project to CIMMYT in 2005. Improving both the international competitiveness of common wheat grown in developing countries and its grain quality to satisfy the demands of local milling companies is important, but the most important aspect of wheat quality is grain hardness, which is related to flour yield.


Operation of an atmospheric pressure, natural gas glow discharge was performed. The objective was to increase radiant heat transfer from natural gas flames by either injecting soot directly in the flame or introducing gases with a greater tendency to soot. Gas chromatography shows that the discharge converted 25% of the methane to acetylene and significant quantities of soot and hydrogen. The product gas contained 10% acetylene due to its dilution by hydrogen. The discharge stability was increased by swirling the gas inflow to the reaction chamber which creates a rapidly rotating conical discharge region. A distinctive feature of the discharge is the intense light intensity for even small concentrations of natural gas in nitrogen. The discharge was also found to be an efficient means to electrically heat the gas. An attractive mode of operation is to place individual discharges as close to the burners as possible to reduce heat losses and reduce soot transport difficulties.


Cascade dams segment river connectivity, modify the hydrological process, and change the hydraulic properties, thus influencing the river ecosystem significantly. Ecological effects of dams have been extensively studied, but investigations on zoobenthos in a large area covering tributaries and mainstream with cascade dams are lacking. Here, we studied the features of benthic macroinvertebrate assemblages in the lower Jinshajiang River, which is the upper reach of the Yangtze River. Over 15,000 macroinvertebrate individuals were collected in the mainstream and eight tributaries. Altogether, 105 taxa belonging to 19 orders and 55 families were identified. The structure of benthic macroinvertebrate assemblages was considerably different between the natural‐flow reach and the reservoir reach in the mainstream. The diversity and abundance of Ephemeroptera, Trichoptera, and Megaloptera decreased to almost zero as a result of dam impoundment. By contrast, the abundance of Diptera, Chironomidae, and Tubificida increased significantly in the mainstream reservoir reach. The diversity of macroinvertebrate species in the mainstream reservoir reach was only half of that in the natural‐flow mainstream. The difference between macroinvertebrate assemblages in natural‐flow mainstream and tributaries was insignificant. Therefore, dam construction was considered the main cause of macroinvertebrate assemblage changes. Our results highlighted the necessity of maintaining sufficient natural river sections between cascade reservoirs to conserve the biodiversity of benthic macroinvertebrate.


Let be a graph. A subset of is called a boundary dominating set of if every vertex in is vertex boundary dominated by some vertex in . The minimum taken over all boundary dominating sets of is called the boundary domination number of and is denoted by . In this paper, we introduce the boundary domination and the boundary domatic number db (G) in Middle graph.


Partially purified rat liver formamidase (EC no. 18.104.22.168, arylformylamine amidohydrolase) catalyzed the deformylation of certain important metabolic intermediates of chlorphenamidine ( N′ -(4-chloro-o-tolyl)- N, N -dimethyl-formamidinec) and formetanate acaricides. 4′-Chloro-o-formotoluidide and N -formyl-5-chloroanthranilic acid from chlorphenamidine were converted to 4-chloro- o- toluidine and 5-chloroantluanilic acid, respectively, and 3′-hydroxyformanilicte from formetanate was transformed to m -aminophenol. Formamidase exhibited a much lower turnover of these substrates than for N -formylkynurenine, its natural substrate. Moreover, the deformylation re actions involving xenobiotic substrates showed product inhibition. Also, the hydrolysis of N -formylkynurenine and of the acaricide metabolic intermediates by the formamidase was inhibited by the organophosphate DFP. This formamidase could be involved in the detoxification of chlorphenamidine and formetanate acaricides in vivo.


Since mankind has entered the 20 th, PET, PET/CT, PET/MRI, SPECT, SPECT/CT have aroused the interest of scholars and researchers in succession. Giving a better clarity on imaging modalities, they have gained prominence in the diagnosis and treatment. The aim of the article is to introduce the advancement of clinical application based on multi-mode molecular.


Abstract The interest in young people's daily life is growing; the pressures and demands they are confronting, and the way they use their leisure time is changing. This article examines time use of 12 to19-year old Norwegian adolescents who attend school and live at home with their parents. The data are taken from Norwegian time use surveys of 1990 and 2000. The sample size of the adolescent population aged 16 to 19 was 238 in 1999 and 160 in 2000.The article examines current time use of the adolescents, as well as the changes in the amount of time spent on school-related activities, paid work, personal needs and free time over the past ten years. Time use is reported for school days and weekend days (excluding summer and Christmas vacations), for both boys and girls. Analyses reported in this article show that a large part of adolescents' time is spent on school and studying, but paid work also plays an important role for many adolescents. School related time, paid work and domestic work create a heavy workload for many young persons. This may mean lack of leisure time, lack of sleep and a day filled with stress.


Michael Caine reveals the truth about his childhood and the years of struggle to make it in the entertainment business. He talks about his relationships - on and off the screen - with other actors and directors, and he talks about the way in which he developed his stage and screen presence.


Young children explore and use paper in many ways each day. Perhaps you have seen your child excitedly rip the wrapping paper off of a present and enjoy playing with the cardboard box more than the present itself, or maybe your child has proudly shown you a picture they colored. In our classroom, we have observed children making marks on paper, tearing paper, and using paper products during everyday routines. Paper plays an important role in your child's life and provides endless opportunities to explore different colors, textures, shapes, and functions. Our observations of the children using paper have inspired us to introduce a study of paper.


) invariably increase from secondaryinverse to primary normal as the aniline becomes more basic, rationalized by the transition state variation froma backside to a frontside attack. For the pyridinolysis of 1, the authors propose a stepwise mechanism with arate-limiting step change from bond breaking for more basic pyridines to bond formation for less basicpyridines based on the selectivity parameters and activation parameters. Biphasic concave upward free energyrelationship with X is ascribed to a change in the attacking direction of the nucleophile from a frontside attackwith more basic pyridines to a backside attack with less basic pyridines.Key Words : Phosphoryl transfer reaction, Anilinolysis, Pyridinolysis, Bis(2-oxo-3-oxazolidinyl) phosphinicchloride, Deuterium kinetic isotope effectIntroductionContinuing the kinetic studies on the aminolyses of(Lig


Gravel from Xiyu conglomerate, which is easily softened and disintegrated when inundated,is widely used as filling materials of dam in Xinjiang region of China.Therefore,the wetting deformation problem of earth dams during the reservoir filling is a serious concern in engineering field.The generalized plastic model and wetting model based on the wetting tests of Xiyu conglomerate gravel are incorporated into procedure,and numerical analyses of wetting-induced collapse of an asphalt concrete core dam are performed.Analytical results show that the generalized plastic model combined with the wetting model can well reflect the wetting deformation and stress distribution of the dam.Wetting collapse that happened in the upstream shell increases the horizontal displacement toward the upstream direction and settlement significantly,the maximum horizontal displacement increases from 1.5cm to as much as 22 cm and the maximum settlement increases from0.17%to 0.53% of the dam height,which leads to the significant deformation of the asphalt concrete core.Wetting deformation of Xiyu conglomerate gravel is apparently larger than the granite rockfill,for the maximum settlement is nearly 3times of that of the granite rockfill.Particularly,small tensile stress is observed around the dam crest,which may result in cracks nearby.Therefore,close attention should be paid to the wetting deformation during reservoir impoundment for dams filled with Xiyu conglomerate gravel in Xinjiang arid region.