Surface electromyograms (EMGs) are valuable in the pathophysiological study and clinical treatment. These recordings are critically often contaminated by cardiac artifact. The purpose of this article was to evaluate the performance of an adaptive filter and artificial neural network (ANN) in removing electrocardiogram (ECG) contamination from surface EMGs recorded from the pectoralismajor muscles. Performance of these methods was quantified by power spectral density, coherence, signal to noise ratio, relative error and cross correlation in simulated noisy EMG signals. In between these two methods the ANN has better results.


If we look at the term "Contemporary" in the history of the Tamil language, the periods starting from the end of the nineteenth century to the twentieth century to the present day are variously defined as the period of the arrival of Melai Natar, the development of prose, drama, the rise of film Tamil, science, Tamil, computer Tamil, the developmental period of web Tamil, and Media Tamil, and refer to the literary creations of the respective periods as twentieth century Tamil literature as well as divided, compiled, and analysed into short stories, novels, short novels, prose poems, new poems, and haiku poems. It seems that today's Tamil world is travelling in a worthwhile world of knowledge and exploration. When looking at the history of the Tamil language in its entirety, it is noteworthy that literary and grammatical works of the same type have been written from the Sangatamil period up to the mediaeval Tamil period. However, it is evident that modern Tamil literature has been created with more open forms and poetry. Because, although the modern literary period is shorter than other literary periods, the ideal world that Tamil says has to be renewed for many changes, changes and needs from the level of daily life, and it has become something that can happen naturally. Therefore, the works of modern Tamil literature have been structured beyond the natural Tamil language literary and grammatical definitions in accordance with the living environment, i.e., in terms of subject matter and formative structures, they are structured with indefinite definitions. However, the creations of C. Subramania Bharatiyar, who was born on 11.12.1882 and completed his worldly life on 11.09.1921 AD, are works that preserve the traditions of Tamil literature and grammar, and it is noteworthy to point to the contemporary traces, bear the traces of time that belong to the future of the same time, and record the traces of time that are suitable for all times. It is admirable that he has recorded in his poems hundreds of years before while singing about Gandhi. He is expressing his contemporary position of self-reliance as the primary leader of thirty crore people who are very diverse in many different races, languages, and cultures, a compilation of songs titled "Paradesam" even before the independence of Bharatha Nadu, published in the collection "Naatuppaattu" in AD 1919, and presenting Bharatha desam before our eyes with his poetry and the basic forms of activities that will be the projects of the 21st Century Resource Forms for Central Government Projects. Many projects, such as the Sethu Samudhirthra Project of the Central Government, which is much talked about today, will be explained. This article examines "Vinayagar Nanmani Mala' which was written in 1918 AD and first published in 1929 AD, the four types of duties and their benefits that are meant for people of all ages.


Background: COVID-19 pandemic is the major health problem facing the world recently, causing variable effects on mental health and eating behavior. Aim of the study: Identifying changes in eating pattern and other health behaviors in relation to the anxiety caused by the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown in adult females in Alexandria, Egypt. Method: 344 adult females (20+ years old), were included in online self-administered questionnaire. Results: Severe anxiety symptoms was among 34.6% of the studied females especially; those aged 25-40 years, married, non-working or student females, females who had change in their work routine (half or full time from home). Homemade pastries and bakery product then beverages followed by fresh fruits and vegetables were frequently consumed by the studied females than before lockdown while fast foods were decreased during lockdown. Overweight and obesity were high among most of the participants with different grades of anxiety symptoms. Females with moderate and severe anxiety symptoms reported increase in appetite and body weight with irregular sleeping during lockdown. Conclusion: The current study concluded that stressful situations like lockdown due to COVID-19 pandemic is associated with anxiety (severe, moderate, mild then minimal, respectively) along with changes in eating habits, physical activity, sleeping pattern and smoking.


This paper presents the development of high-gain, wide-bandwidth, W-band LNA integrated circuits utilizing a novel 0.25 μm InP/Si BiCMOS process with Ft/Fmax of 330/270 GHz. A 4-stage microstrip LNA achieves a minimum NF of 5.7 dB at 92 GHz and remains less than 7.2 dB (6.4 dB avg.) across a 75-100 GHz bandwidth. The LNA also exhibits a peak gain of 27.7 dB, a 3-dB bandwidth of 18 GHz (80-98 GHz), gain > 20 dB over 75-110 GHz, while consuming only 19.2 mW of DC power from a 1.2V supply. Additionally, individual bias control for each device has been incorporated to vary gain, including a version with two 3-bit current steering DACs to control base currents. The 0.42 mm2 (w/o pads) LNA is suitable for many emerging W-band applications including radar, communications, and imaging and provides superior performance compared to published LNAs developed in available SiGe BiCMOS technologies.


In 1997, the UN Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) broadcast its first global television program on the theme of "Food for All" to an audience of approximately 450 million viewers. The objective of "TeleFood" was to raise awareness of the scale of the problem and to encourage solidarity in the fight against hunger. TeleFood raised funds to support the FAO's Special Programme for Food Security (SPFS) and similar grassroots projects that target rural people in developing countries. The SPFS project, now operational in 19 countries and being formulated in 32 more, emphasizes national ownership, farmer participation, environmental awareness, and recognition of the role of women in food production and marketing. The 3-year SPFS pilot phase involves 1) small-scale water harvesting, irrigation, and drainage; 2) sustainable intensification of crop production; 3) diversification of production; and 4) removal of policies that impede food security. Results to date include 1) greatly increased maize and potato yields in Bolivia and more modest increases in Nepal; 2) doubled yields of maize and rice in Tanzania; and 3) expansion of the area under low-cost irrigation in Zambia. South-South cooperation is allowing some developing countries to benefit from experience gained in other developing countries. The pilot activities are being funded with an increasing number of "soft" loans from governments and financial institutions.


Fify five serum samples from aborting dairy cows in Hebei area and 94 random serum samples from dairy cows in Beijing area were tested through Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent assay(ELISA) for antibodies against N.caninum.Antibodies to N.caninum were found in 17 out of 94(18.1%) sera from Beijing,and in 13 out of 55(23.6%) sera from Hebei.Through Dairy Herds Improvement(DHI),94 cows from Beijing were tested for the main production of the milk.It was found that the daily milk yield,the milk protein percentage and butterfat percentage of dairy cows with N.caninum positive serum were 9.7%,20% and 15.4%,respectively lower than that of those with the negative N.caninum serum,Therefore,this pilot study indicated that the decreased milk production may be due to N.caninum infection.However,there was no remarkable relationship between the antibody titers and main quantity and quality of the milk.


The aim of this article is to explore the heideggerian post-Kehre hermeneutics and derrida's deconstruction in order to specify an area of exchange between them. It is argued that a fruitful relation between the two philosophies may be traced to their uses of metaphor. First, Heidegger's writings are probed into so as to amplify his metaphor of language as saying. Then a reference is made to derrida's key analysis of metaphor in philosophical texts that he carries out in "White Mythology" and "Before the Law." In conclusion the notion of metaphor is delineated as a mode of an ongoing recreation of linguistic meaning that in turn continuously alters man's perception of the world and his own place in it.


Mehmet Akif's Understanding Of Destiny And Trust In God This paper deals with Mehmet Akif's, an important Turkish poet and thinker, understanding of destiny and trust in God. Akif believes that belief in destiny and trust in God has positive effects upon Muslims' behaviors. However, he also observes that whereas these might have caused action and dynamism in the beginning period of Islam, they seem to have come to cause, in due course, together with the mistaken interpretations of destiny and trust in God, to inertia and sluggishness in people. For this reason, Akif harshly criticizes this deviation in people's belief in destiny and trust in God, and attempts to rediscover their original meaning. In this regard, Akif calls attention to the idea that the most universal law, which is universally valid for all human beings, is to strive and to operate resolutely and unwaveringly throughout one's lifetime.


The power hammer has been in use for a long time and there are now on the market many types of power-operated hammers which may be roughly classed according to the nature of the power as follows: Pneumatic, steam, motor and pulley; cam or crank, and electropneumatic drives. The pneumatic drive includes all riveting hammers; the steam drive includes practically all forge hammers, some drop hammers, pile drivers and steam drills; the motor and pulley drive class, includes the greater part of drop hammers; the electropnuematic drive includes only small forge hammers. The pneumatic hammer, due to its lightness, holds the field of hand-operated riveting hammers and it is hardly possible that any other means will ever surpass air for driving hand-operated riveting hammers; the steam hammer holds its own in very large forging and drop hammers and it is doubtful whether any other kind of hammer can remove it from that place. The field for very large forging or drop hammers is however rather limited; they are used only in very large plants in which all sorts of power prevail. There is an immense field, however, for medium and small forging and drop hammers which are used to produce all the small automobile and other similar parts as well as name plates, jewelry apparel, etc. It is this field which the electric hammer is supposed to cover. The present methods of driving these hammers are cumbersome, complicated, costly and very unsafe for the workman. The electric hammer has been studied and developed by the writer to a point where it seems to show superiority to the present used hammers, in simplicity, safety, running expenses, cost of installation, cost of upkeep and in many cases in the original cost. The development shown herein is of the induction motor type. Instead of the usual arrangement of concentric armature and field, the slots are punched on long strips of iron in a straight line which makes the field and armature parallel. The armature and field still face each other but every part of the aramture is not always active under the influence of the field as is the case in the ordinary motor. In other words in a straight-line motor the armature or runner is continuously entering the field of action at one end and leaving it at the opposite end. This constitutes the main difference between the straight-line and the rotary motor. The rotating fields of an induction motor are here replaced by magnetic fields moving in a straight line. The principal elements of this straight-line induction motor hammer are shown in Fig. 3. The actual hammer as finally constructed is shown in Fig. 5 (back view) and Fig. 6 (front view.)


A temporary wood treatment site located at the University of Alaska Fairbanks (UAF) Palmer Research Farm, Point MacKenzie Agricultural Project was operated during the summer months of 1988--1989. An undefined mixture of diesel fuel, creosote, and pentachlorophenol (PCP) was used in the process. Approximately 75 m{sup 3} (98 yd{sup 3}) of soil were contaminated with up to 13.5 ppm PCP, creosote, and 13,000 ppm diesel range hydrocarbons. The Alaska Department of Environmental Conservation (ADEC) established clean-up levels of 0.5 ppm for PCP, and 1,000 ppm for diesel range hydrocarbons. The contaminated soil was excavated and stored on site in lined cells pending selection and implementation of a remediation method. Physical and chemical treatment options for soil contaminated with xenobiotic compounds in the Lower 48 United States are often not available or economical in Alaska. The expense of shipping contaminated soil outside the state for treatment, difficulties in supporting complex remediation technologies in remote locations, and concerns over long-term liability associated with landfilling make biological treatment, when feasible, a compelling option in Alaska. Therefore, it was determined that studies should be conducted to address the feasibility of bioremediating the Pt. MacKenzie soil.


This study examines five approaches to bus rapid transit (BRT) systems as implemented by public transit agencies in California, Oregon, and Ontario. BRT can be thought of as a discretionary set of elements that can be assembled in many different combinations over time. Every element incrementally adds to the quality or attractiveness of the service. For example, a BRT service can combine operations serving free flowing arterial roads in the fringes of the downtown with dedicated lanes in areas closer to city center where congestion is greatest. Specific BRT components and strategies, such as traffic signal priority and increased stop spacing,can be applied to existing local bus operations as a way to increase bus speeds and reduce operating costs. Elements can be implemented all at once, or in incremental stages. All of the case studies showed ridership increases, but the Los Angeles Metro Rapid bus system illustrates the wide geographic coverage, improved ridership, and moderate cost per new rider that is possible with an approach that includes fewer BRT features spread over more miles of route. Quantitative results suggest that incremental improvements, applied widely to regional bus networks, may be able to achieve significant benefits at a lower cost than substantial infrastructure investments focused upon just one or a few corridors.


Abstract Australian bipinnate acacias, known locally as mimosa, are widespread on the plateaus and mountains of Madagascar. Rarely, however, do these trees attain their full size, leading to a surprising landscape of 'scrubby' wattles. We review the introduction of the wattles, survey their multiple uses in rural livelihoods and environmental management, and analyze the forestry policies, tenure rules, and ecological factors that maintain the trees' scrubby state. This well-adapted plant is an important resource for farmers and serves to green treeless hills, but it may become a conundrum to conservation managers due to its non-native, invasive status.


The beneficial combination of micro- and nano-patterned surfaces with magneto-optical materials was investigated over the recent years. Due to their resonant behavior, these structures are commonly used to enhance the non-reciprocal magneto-optical effects. In this paper, a novel kind of magneto-optical intensity effect is enhanced with an all-dielectric grating patterned on a magnetic nanocomposite layer. This nanocomposite is made of CoFe2O4 nanoparticles (NPs) embedded in a silica matrix by sol–gel technique. The demonstrated magneto-optical intensity effect is reciprocal and it is observed with transverse magnetic field, for both polarization (TE and TM) and small angles of incidence. Such effect is not explained by the classical appearance of off-diagonal elements in the permittivity tensor of the magneto-optical material under magnetic field. However, it can be attributed to a magneto-induced reciprocal modification of the diagonal elements. Furthermore, this effect strongly depends on the NPs orientation inside the magneto-optical film and can originate from the magnetostrictive property of the magnetic CoFe2O4 NPs.


Background and Objectives Women reproductive system is a suitable environment for growth of various pathogen and nonpathogenic microorganisms. Mycoplasmataceae is a family of bacteria which cause oligosymptomatic genital infections. The complications caused by these bacteria may lead to infertility in women. The aim of this study was detection of genital Mycoplasma hominis, Ureaplasmaurealyticum and Mycoplasma genitalium among infertile females who referred to the infertility clinics. Materials and Methods A total of 104 infertile women (in reproductive age) who referred to infertility clinics in the city of Sanandaj, Kurdistan, Iran, from February to May 2013 were selected for this study. Cervical swabs were collected from all patients. The presence of genital Mycoplasmas was detected by multiplex-PCR. All data were analyzed statistically. Results Out of 104 patients, 39 cases (37.5%) were infected with U. urealyticum. Mycuplasma. genitalium and M. homimis were detected in 3 (2.9%) of the infertile women. Co-infection was seen in 3.8% of the patients. There was no statistically the infections and patient age, educational levels, literacy, situation of employment, age of first significant sexual intercourse, history of abortion, type of infertility and infertility duration (p value > 0.05). Conclusions The data showed a low percentage of infection for M. genitalium and M. hominis in the studied women while the prevalence of U. urealyticum was high. Despite having no symptoms of an ongoing acute inflammation of the reproductive tract, many women may have genital mycoplasmas in the cervix. We concluded that multiplex PCR using a pair of primers is a useful and cost-effective method for diagnosis of female genital infections.


Genome editing technologies are important for functional genomics study and application. Zinc finger nucleases (ZFNs), transcription activitor-like effector nucleases (TALENs) and clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/CRISPR associated protein (CRISPR/Cas) system are three major genome editing technologies established in recent years. Mutagenesis induced by these three techniques is mainly through making double strand break (DSB) at a specific site and followed by DSB repair process. ZFNs is the first established genome editing technology which could be used to operate site-specific knock out and knock in. However, the ZFNs technology suffers from construction complexity, high cost and other problems. The TALENs technology, which was developed based on the ZFNs technology, is much better than ZFNs technology for higher flexibility and lower cost. The CRISPR/Cas system is different from ZFNs and TALENs technologies for its unique targeting mechanism which makes this technology more suitable for multiplexed targeting. Until now, all these technologies have been successfully tested in a number of organisms, e.g., mouse, zebrafish, fruit fly, nematode, silkworm. These genome editing tools will play important roles in future functional genomics study in the post genome era.


Objectives: Poisonous substances experts engage in policymaking regarding poisonous substances, whereas poisonous substances managers perform legal duties related to poisonous substances management systems at worksites. To understand and improve poisonous substances designation systems, it is necessary to distinguish the roles of these experts and managers. We further aimed to identify problems with poisonous substances appointment systems and provide basic data for their improvement by investigating the knowledge and recognition of the need for system improvement among managers and experts. Methods: To determine the subjects°O awareness of poisonous substances designation systems, a selfadministered questionnaire comprised of items on general characteristics and knowledge and recognition of the need for system improvement was issued. Data were analyzed via t-tests and ANOVA using SPSS v 16.0 Results: Regarding system comprehension, managers (n=213; mean 3.28, SD 0.63) significantly differed from experts (n=35; mean 4.08, SD 0.59) (P Regarding industry type, comprehension was greater in the electrical/electronic and chemical/environmental industries compared to in other industries (P = 0.066). Comprehension was higher among those with five years or more of experience compared to those with less than five years. Regarding recognition of need for improvement, managers showed significant differences by company size (P Conclusion: The study found that the bigger the company size, the higher the level of comprehension by managers and the experts. In the case of both groups, where a higher comprehension of the poisonous substances designation system was evident, they recognized the necessity of its improvement.


A.-Mersalyl may be given with ammonium chloride. Forty-five grains of the latter should be given in capsules of 15 grains, entericcoated if possible, 45 minutes before the mersalyl. Intravenous injection of cardophylin (0.25 gramme) might be tried, but is not very likely to surpass the mersalyl. The intake of sodium-mainly, of course, as sodium chloride-should be rigidly controlled. Fluid intake is usually restricted to 1I to 2 pints. This may cause arterial dehydration, for the bulk of the fluid is in the interstitial tissues. Bacon, meat, and eggs contain a good deal of sodium, and a careful diet should be laid down so that an intake of NaCl of 2 grammes daily is not exceeded. In heart failure there may be hypoproteinaemia, and dropsy may be due to this. Then full protein is needed. Removal of oedema or ascites by puncture may initiate diuresis.


Multi-nuclear solid state nuclear magnetic resonance has been used to investigate the local atomic structure of the relaxor ferroelectric materials, lead magnesium niobate titanate (PMN-PT) and sodium potassium bismuth titanate (NKBT). In addition to these two series of materials, numerous precursor and model niobate compounds have also been analysed in order to gain a insight into the structures and phases present in these materials.

The PMN-PT series was investigated using 93Nb, 207Pb and 170 NMR techniques. A total of 14 PMN-PT samples, from pure PMN to PMN-90PT, were investigated in order to fully understand the transitions taking place over the entire compositional range. 9~b proved to be the most informative nucleus, owing to its high sensitivity to the changes occurring at the B-site of the perovskite structure. We discovered three distinct niobium environments. We then proposed a new randomsite random-layer model explaining the distribution of the cations among two different layers s' and s". The high level of correlation between the theoretical predictions and the experimental results suggests that there are actually two different ways that PMN-PT behaves, one for titanium concentrations less than 25% and the other for concentrations over 25%. This was also clearly visible in our PMN-PT spectra, as a sharp line present in titanium concentrations below 25%, that disappears in the concentrations above 25%. We have also tied in our results with the existing literature on PMN-PT to identify possible links to the dielectric response and phase transitions in the material.

NKBT was investigated using both 23Na and 39K MAS NMR techniques. The 23Na data proved most informative and results were obtained at different fields and different spinning speeds. We were then able to extract calculated isotropic chemical shift values and quadrupolar parameters to understand the subtle changes taking place. The preliminary results hint that there are some interesting changes taking place around the morphotropic phase boundary in the material.


Combining the method of stochastic averaging and the procedure for determining the largest Lyapunov exponent, the largest Lyapunov exponent has been defined for the mechanical system concerned when subjected to random non correlative parametric excitations. On the basis of these expressions and provided that the largest Lyapunov exponent is negative, an asymptotic stability region has been determined for the case when p(t) for various system parameters


It is proposed a printing method and a device for this purpose, which can be used when printing on a print, especially in the lithographic printing process. For this first set color acceptor properties are produced on the printing form. The printing plate is then placed in connection with color particles, which have a corresponding to the pressure applied to the printing plate surface color acceptor properties surface acceptor property. According to their surface acceptor properties the dye molecules and / or pigments to the corresponding locations are deposited directly or indirectly transferred to the substrate.


An objective study is made of the landscape of the Aberystwyth hinterland. The results show that, of the earlier studies, E. H. Brown's division of the area into three was the most rational. A CONSIDERABLE amount of attention has been given to the origin and form of the relief of north Cardiganshire during the last hundred years or so. The different workers1 have distinguished a variety of plateau surfaces, usually at dissimilar levels and even the idea of a single concave surface has been put forward.2 There is the same diversity of opinion regarding the origin and age of the landscape.3 By distinguishing three surfaces, E. H. Brown4 has advanced what is perhaps the most rational solution. These are the Coastal Plateau, the High Plateau surrounding the Plynlimon massif and the intervening Middle Plateau (Fig. i). The Middle Plateau is breached by the gorge of the River Ystwyth in the south; but it also appears in the south-west beyond the River Wyre, resulting in the attenuation of the Coastal Plateau. There remains some doubt over the validity of this three-fold division, one reason being that the Middle Plateau has been considered to lack the homogeneity that Brown attributed to it.5 Trendsurface analysis offers a convenient and objective method for examining the landscape of the Aberystwyth hinterland and determining the number of surfaces that comprise it. The technique of trend-surface analysis has been developed very largely by the geologist, but it is being used increasingly by a wider range of earth scientists. There is an extensive literature on its application, yet although its use in geomorphology was suggested by H. Svensson some years ago,6 the method has been employed infrequently for separating planation surfaces.7 It provides a simple quantitative means for testing the validity and relevance of multiple-surface hypotheses and it can, of course, reveal surfaces that have hitherto been unrecognized. Hence, as R. J. Chorley and P. Haggett suggest,8 for areas such as Wales where the planation surfaces that have been recognized are both numerous and disputed, trend-surface analysis presents a judicious method of reaching a final solution. Trend-surface analysis is a form of multiple regression analysis applied in three dimensions. The trend surface demonstrates the systematic changes in the distribution of the independent variable, while deviations between the observed values and the predicted surface indicate the small-scale fluctuations that are superimposed on the broader pattern. The goodness-of-fit of the surfaces can be assessed by several statistical tests, but a study of the distribution of the deviations (or residuals) can also be revealing. Using the I :63 360 Ordnance Survey Sheet 127 (Aberystwyth), all the summit heights whose measurements were shown, and all the estimates that could be made of the highest


We present the first analysis of photometric observations of two detached binary stars, FW Vel and BB Mon. Their V light curves from the All Sky Automated Survey were solved using Monte Carlo Search Method. The final solutions describe these two systems as Algol-like binary stars with detached configurations. The absolute parameters of the components of the systems were also estimated.We present the first analysis of photometric observations of two detached binary stars, FW Vel and BB Mon. Their V light curves from the All Sky Automated Survey were solved using Monte Carlo Search Method. The final solutions describe these two systems as Algol-like binary stars with detached configurations. The absolute parameters of the components of the systems were also estimated.


The Hamburg Wechsler Intelligenztest fur Kinder (HAWIK-IV; the German version of the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Fourth Edition) and the newly designed Intelligence and Development Scales (IDS) were administered in counterbalanced order to 77 gifted children and 77 nongifted children, aged 6 to 10 years. Samples were matched for age, sex, and socioeconomic status. Results reveal that both the HAWIK-IV and the IDS are able to distinguish between gifted and nongifted children. Moderate correlations between the tests indicate that the measures assess similar, but not identical constructs. Results are discussed as they pertain to the assessment and special needs of gifted children.


Abstract Electrodeposition (electroplating) is one of the oldest coating technologies known to man. As a mature industrial process, it is responsible for producing a wide range of metallic finishes from simple single metals to high value alloys. Its virtues can often be defined as relative simplicity of operation and flexibility in terms of the spectrum of finishes that can be achieved. However, in today's environmentally conscious world, it is frequently portrayed as an old-fashioned and outmoded technique. This paper suggests a different view where electrodeposition can be seen as a powerful technique which may, in some areas, still have a few surprises. To substantiate this counter-claim the author will explore some of the developments in electrodeposition that have occurred in recent years – particularly some that have been investigated at Loughborough University. These include compositionally modulated multilayers, composite electrodeposits, non-aqueous ionic liquid electrolytes and the strange saga of the spontaneous whisker producing electrodeposited alloy.


Five children with cystic fibrosis complicated by hepatic cirrhosis received liver grafts. They all had portal hypertension with varices and three had variceal bleeding; respiratory function was only moderately impaired, but four were colonised with pseudomonas and one with aspergillus. Liver transplantation was well tolerated and there was no increase in respiratory or other early postoperative complications. Four of the children were fully well from 14 to 35 months after transplantation; the most recently transplanted had problems from a biliary stricture. In spite of the need for immunosuppression there was no increase in infection and respiratory fimction improved or remained stable. Once the children were stabilised after transplantation their nutrition and general health were greatly improved. (Arch Dis Child 1994; 71: 349-352) Departments of Paediatrics and Surgery, Addenbrooke's NHS Trust, Cambridge G Noble-Jamieson J Valente N D Barnes P J Friend N V Jamieson A Rasmussen R Y Calne Correspondence to: Dr G Noble-Jamieson, Box 181, Addenbrooke's NHS Trust, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 2QQ. Accepted 17 June 1994 In patients with cystic fibrosis improved management of the lung problems has increased life expectancy and more patients now develop extrapulmonary complications.' Hepatic cirrhosis occurs in up to 25% of children with cystic fibrosis and may progress to severe portal hypertension.2 This problem usually presents within the first 10 years of life with hepatosplenomegaly, but only mild derangement of liver function. Once portal hypertension is established the prognosis is poor; in one series 20% of affected children died as a direct result of the liver disease, with a mean survival of only 4-5 years,3 and in this and other series an excess of respiratory deaths has been noted in children with liver disease.2 Although portal systemic shunting may be palliative, liver transplantation offers the only potentially curative treatment for portal hypertension. It has seldom been attempted for several reasons, however; firstly, it is difficult to Table 1 Clinical details ofpatients at assessment for transplantation


A novel algorithm for conferring a ranking system on the prototypes of a large database of optical/handwritten characters is proposed. The ranking system is designed using the (isothetic) chord lengths of the enclosing isothetic polygons corresponding to the prototypes, for a prescribed grid-size. As the derivation of structural information of a character by thinning or by edge detection is susceptible to its impurity during imaging or post-processing, an isothetic polygon is used that captures the geometric structure of the character in an elegant way. The proposed scheme has a striking potential in deciding the relative merit and usefulness of a particular prototype with respect to the other prototypes of the corresponding character in the concerned database. Several quantitative measures have been suggested, and supporting experimental results have been reported, which justify the strength and efficiency of the proposed method


A complete study on the effects of indium channel implant energy on transistor characteristics including carrier mobility, drain current, drain induce barrier lowering (DIBL), device breakdown, junction leakage, impact ionization rate and hot-carrier degradation were performed on 0.1 µm devices. It was found that devices with super-steep-retrograde (SSR) indium channel profile depict higher transconductance in linear region, albeit the saturation drive current is lower, compared to the conventional BF2-doped control. In addition, In-doped devices also depict improved DIBL, Ion–Ioff current ratio and transistor breakdown voltage. Finally, by increasing the indium implant energy, devices depict an improved transconductance, reduced DIBL and hot-carrier degradation, while suffering larger junction leakage and capacitance.


Best results were found by the use of parameters, which induced the occurence of bone-particles bigger than 1.5 mm 2 in the meat of the first step of the process. Primarely this correlates in a negative way with the pistonpressure. The quality of the bonematerial is less important and is only of a tendential impact on the meat quality depending on the content of bone-artifactes. Pistonpressure up to 65 bar causing the best results as well as the use of vertebra at lower pressure. Both results in big bonechips, which are better to be separated from the meat during the second step of the process. The temperature of the raw material doesn't have any influence on the content of bone-particles in the processed meat.


This invasive plant management study focuses on the treatment of younger and older seedproducing black cherry (Prunus serotina Ehrh.) individuals. We injected the older trees and applied bark treatment to the thinner saplings in 2018. Over two vegetation periods, we studied the effect of 11 herbicides and ranked the treatments based on their introduced foliage loss and sprouting. In the trunk injection experiment, the most effective treatment was a combination of glyphosate and clopyralid (Medallon Premium-Lontrel 300). Compositions without glyphosate did not meet expectations. In the bark treatment experiment, the herbicides used were combinations of glyphosate and MCPA (Medallon Premium Mecomorn-750 SL), glyphosate and dicamba (Medallon Premium-Banvel 480 S), and glyphosate and clopyralid (Medallon Premium-Lontrel 300). Results indicate that all three treatments are effective. Some of the technologies and chemical combinations this study presents are recommendable considering current plant protection legislation.


Submitted for the MAR05 Meeting of The American Physical Society Many-spin couplings in electron spin quantum computers RYAN WOODWORTH, ARI MIZEL, Penn State University, DANIEL LIDAR, University of Toronto — We study the effective Hamiltonian governing the evolution of electron spins in coupled quantum dots. Modeling the dot confining potentials with successively more realistic forms, we predict that four-body interactions can be significant in real dots in physically relevant parameter regimes. We discuss the significance of these results for quantum computing. Ryan Woodworth Penn State University Date submitted: 01 Dec 2004 Electronic form version 1.4


Historical perspectives and current use of oesophageal manometry anaatomy and physiology of the oesophagus and its sphincters the oesophageal motility laboratory - materials and equipment the manometric study measurements and interpretations normal values for oesophageal manometry the computer in the motility laboratory achalasia diffuse oesophageal spasm the nutcracker oesophagus, the hypersensitive LES and nospecific oesophageal motility disorders noncardiac chest pain - use of oesophageal manometry and provocative tests exogenous factors affecting oesophageal function secondary oesophageal motility disorders upper oesophageal sphincter dysfunction ambulatory oesophageal pressure monitoring.


Stanford University's Steve Quake on "Sequencing Single Cell Microbial Genomes with Microfluidic Amplification Tools" at the Metagenomics Informatics Challenges Workshop held at the DOE JGI on October 12-13, 2011.


Summary Telnet and HTML-based information retrieval user interfaces provide searchers with neither the power nor the flexibility required for effectively searching multiple databases. Nor do they exploit the existing power of PCs or make good use of client-server technology as a whole. lODyne is an example of an information retrieval client that views databases and queries as objects which you can combine arbitrarily. It has a commandless, hypertextual user interface incorporating modelessness, direct manipulation, feedback, and object persistence. It uses multiple windows to show multiple views of databases simultaneously, and allows you to arbitrarily juxtapose these views. Besides bibliographic retrieval, lODyne provides navigational tools for subject thesauri, classification systems, keyword-in-context (KWIC) databases, and other term suggestion services, represented as distributed objects which are all integrated into a seamless drag-and-drop environment. Persistent representations of sets of queries...


The use of common carriers to supplement private and dedicated resources has increasingly become a strategy that many transportation providers are utilizing to control internal capacity. This problem has been addressed in the literature, but primarily from a cost perspective. We utilize a survey of industry participants to gather data on the maturity of this process in practice, as well as the drivers that are most influencing the decision of what routes to assign to private/dedicated resources versus common carriers. The results show a primarily manual process, as decision models do not currently incorporate the customer service and asset utilization factors that practitioners say are driving this decision. We then discuss how this is an opportunity to develop analytic solutions that allow transportation providers the ability to improve implementation of this very important decision.


The paper deals with the time delayed diversity (TDD) system characteristics for a quasi-zenith satellite system measured using GPS (Global Positioning System) satellites. To design a digital mobile broadcast satellite system with the TDD system, it must estimate the characteristics of attenuation by urban buildings, electrical light poles, trees, etc. Signal data from southern orbital arc GPS satellites with elevation angles from 40/spl deg/ to 80/spl deg/ are used for propagation characteristics measurements, rather than from actual geostationary satellite orbit (GSO) satellites. To overcome urban signal attenuation, the TDD system is applied for GSO satellites and quasi-zenith satellite systems and TDD characteristics are examined by processing measured GPS data.


Pegged exchanged rate agreements have often been recalled as an instrument to increase the reliability of governments and their reputation, as also the introduction of the single currency was presented as a crucial step for the economic and political integration between European countries. But do stable exchange rate also increase trust between countries, or the contrary ? In this paper, we find a significant and positive effect of exchange rate fluctuations on bilateral trust between countries, suggesting a negative relationship between "stable" exchange rate and trust. As a measure for bilateral trust, we use Eurobarometer survey carried between 1970 and 1996. In addition, we carry a small survey in which we find that bilateral trust between citizens of different countries, is highly correlated with the trust in the respective foreign institutions (measured in terms of perceived corruption and property rights protection). We suggest two possible explanation for our results: (1) since exchange rate fluctuations increase uncertainty, there is more demand for trust (2) because pegged exchange rate increases free riding behaviors of government, this lead to an erosion of the trust between the two countries.


Given a verifier circuit for a problem in QMA, we show how to exponentially amplifythe gap between its acceptance probabilities in the 'yes' and 'no' cases, with a methodthat is quadratically faste...


It was aimed to determine the effect of ensiling by adding Oregano pulp at different rates to the meadow grass on the physical quality properties of silages, silage fermentation and aerobic stability. In the study, dry oregano pulp at the rate of 3% (OP3) to 5% (OP5) by weight basis and without additives (control) was added to the first harvested of meadow grass in 2021 and it was ensiled as 3 groups. A total of 18 silage samples, 6 for each group, were left for fermentation in 1 liter glass jars for 60 days. Addition of oregano pulp in two different ratios decreased the DM content of silages compared to the control group (p<0.05). Control and silage groups with added oregano pulp were obtained in 2nd and 3rd roughage quality class, and their relative feed values were between 101.06 and 106.55. As a result of the physical properties of the silages, silages without additives were obtained as "satisfactory", while "good" quality silages were obtained from the groups with 3% and 5% oregano pulp. pH levels of silages were obtained between 4.37-4.89. The LA concentrates of the silage decreased significantly with the addition of oregano pulp, while the AA and BA levels of the silages were also decreased (p<0.001). As the ratio of oregano pulp increased from 3% to 5%, it was observed that the aerobic stability of the silages increased compared to the control group. As a result, it was concluded that oregano pulp can be evaluated as a silage additive.


The nano-TiO_2 film loaded Pt nanoparticle electrode(Ti/nano-TiO_2-Pt)was achieved by cyclic voltammetry electrodeposition.The electrocatalytic oxidation of glyoxal was investigated on Ti/nano-TiO_2Pt electrode by using cyclic voltammetry.The results showed that the Ti/nano-TiO_2-Pt modified-electrode exhibited significant electrocatalytic activity for the oxidation of glyoxal,and utilized as high activity catalytic electrode for electrooxidation of glyoxal to glyoxalic acid.


Author(s) Susanna Nieminen Degree programme Hotel, Restaurant and Tourism Management Report/thesis title Service package for hotel guests with dogs Number of pages and appendix pages 52 + 8 The goal of this thesis is to create a service package for hotel guests with dogs for Hotel Helka located in Helsinki. To reach this goal, two research methods are used: benchmarking method and an online survey. This is thus a design research as it includes research and an objective of improvement or change. The theory framework of this thesis consists of global pet travel statistics, articles about pet travel in Finland and the United States currently, profitability potential of the target group and development of a package for a hotel. Benchmarking is a method used to improve one's business by realistic goals based on actual achievements of other businesses. The methods of competitive benchmarking and best practice benchmarking are used in this thesis. Competitive benchmarking compares the chosen hotels in Helsinki, and it allows easy access to data but restricts creativity. To balance the restricted creativity, best practice benchmarking compares hotels in North America and allows possibilities of new discoveries. The online survey is shared to Finnish dog owners that have travelled with their dogs or are planning to do so in the future. The objective of the survey is to gather information about what the respondents feel is important regarding the accommodation and their willingness to pay the dog fee. The total amount of respondents is 230. The convenience sampling method of the online survey results in a very low amount of male respondents, and thus the results cannot be generalized to the whole population of the target group. Main findings from the benchmarking data include the current pet services offered by the competing hotels in Helsinki, and the fees charged for accommodating pets. From the hotels abroad, new discoveries are made such as including discount coupons of pet service providers, hotel's having special pet programs, and pet packages including accommodation. Most important findings from the online survey are the lack of pet information and fees available online on the hotels' websites, the specific essential services and commodities required by the respondents, the knowledge about walking possibilities and friendly behaviour of the personnel, the safety of the dog in the hotel, the features of the hotel room, and housekeeping arrangements. Based on these results, the service package is created that would give value to the hotel guests with dogs. Suggestions for Hotel Helka are given, and the service package is divided into two packages: one with a basic set of services for 10€ per night for one or several dogs, and another with extended dog services besides the basics for 35€ per night. An Info leaflet for the guests with dogs is made for Hotel Helka based on the information of the online survey.


The σ bond metathesis reactivity of (C5Me4H)3Sc, which has a (η5-C5Me4H)2Sc(η1-C5Me4H) structure in the solid state, has been investigated and compared with that of a conventional (C5Me4H)− metallocene complex, (C5Me4H)2Sc(η3-C3H5), 1. Complex 1 reacts with PhEEPh (E = S, Se, Te) in toluene to form the σ bond metathesis products (C3H5)EPh and [(C5Me4H)2Sc(SPh)]2, (C5Me4H)2Sc(SePh), and (C5Me4H)2Sc(TePh), respectively. Analogous reactions in toluene/THF generate the THF solvates (C5Me4H)2Sc(EPh)(THF). The monometallic sulfur derivative (C5Me4H)2Sc(Spy-κ2-S,N) forms from the reaction of 1 with 2,2′-dipyridyl disulfide, pySSpy. (C5Me4H)3Sc reacts similarly, showing that the (η1-C5Me4H)− solid-state structure yields Sc–C bond reactivity in solution.


A comparison is made between two recently obtained independent sets of contact charge exchange data taken by Cottrell, Lowell and Rose‐Innes, and by Fabish and Duke, respectively. Discrepancies between the two sets of data are ascribed to the utilization of different polymer preparation and processing procedures. Both sets of data are consistent with the model of contact charge exchange via localized states in the polymer proposed by Duke and Fabish. The origin of the localized electronic states in the polymers is different in the two data sets, however, because the polymer processing introduces extrinsic states in one case but not the other.


This article summarizes the results of the International Workshop on Nonsurgical Methods for Female Tubal Occlusion a 3-day workshop held in Chicago in June 1982 by the Program for Applied Research in Fertility Regulation. Researchers reported on experiments with various chemical sterilants--phenol based compounds quinacrine and methoxylcyanoacrylate (MCA)--and with silicone rubber delivered by a variety of techniques. However the goal of developing a safe 95% effective method of nonsurgical female sterilization that can be performed under local anesthesia on an outpatient basis by nonphysicians preferably after only a brief training period remains elusive; either failure rates have exceeded 5% the methods safety cannot be assured the procedure is too complex or the method requires too many administrations. A technique utilizing a thick paste containing carbolic acid (phenol) which is applied to the epithelial tissue lining the fallopian tubes is described based on the treatment of 2000 women between 1972 and 1976 by Chinese physicians. Side effects include heavy perspiration; dizziness during or immediately after the procedure; nausea; some loss of appetite and vaginal discharge for up to 10 days after the procedure. Uterine perforation in 3 women and 33 cases of pelvic inflammatory disease are reported. Quinacrine used to close the tubes is reported on by Chilean and Indian physicians; its use in a pellet that slowly releases the drug into the tubes and as a liquid is described. Almost 95% effectiveness has been achieved with a quinacrine bearing IUD especially the No Gravid IUD. MCA acts by destroying the tubal epithelium as it solidifies; scar tissue replaces it as it biodegrades. Tested in New York City side effects include abdominal pain for up to 1 month; fevers; and pelvic inflammatory disease (1%). Several methods for plugging the fallopian tubes are also described which use silicone rubber. Clinical trials in the U.S. had an 82% success rate when both tubes were occluded. This method necessitates using a hysteroscope an expensive delicate fiberoptic device that requires careful handling maintenance and a significant amount of training for personnel. It may soon be approved for use in the U.S. but is seen as having limited potential in the developing world. Further research will be directed to progesterone therapy quinacrine related drugs and MCA used with muscle relaxants. (summary in FRE)


Leadership is one of the important factors in the successful of entrepreneurs in digital era at this time. There are many successful business leaders. On the other hand, a lot of entrepreneurs go down because they do not prepare themselves from the early age to understand their core values and characters. The ignorance negatively impacts their capacity to become success entrepreneurs. The success of business leaders cannot be separated from their characters and the core values. The social cognitive approach explains how a business leader can be successful. This approach can help to explain the relationship between an entrepreneur, his personality characteristics, his values and other dimensions that will help to predict whether the entrepreneur will be success or not. This paper aims to find the relationship between characters and values and successful entrepreneurs. It contributes to the business world, particularly entrepreneur to prepare a leader from the early ages to be a successful entrepreneur. Based on this literature, an entrepreneur can evaluate the character and core values. Further research is needed to examine the connection empirically.


In this study, we examine the special feature of dermatologic medical skin care, oriental medical skin care in oriental medicine clinic and esthetic care in skin care shop. Medical skin care includes medical treatment for dermatologic diseases and skin care than separating the scope of medical treatment and skin care, and is a good method for medical treatment and skin care that can obtain high effects leaping over the limits of the results can get by individual treatment or care. Oriental medical care also strengthens improving both physical body and skin by finding out radical cause of skin troubles through entire physical system to solve in oriental medical way by combining the principles of oriental medicine with skin care than regarding the troubles just as superficial problem. Esthetic care uses direct touching hand clinic and lets the patient not only enhance absorption effect by his or her temperature but also feels intimate touch and easiness. In addition, through skin care, one can experience various cares by combination of western and oriental treatments and remedies such as unorthodox medicine. Each dermatologic medical skin care, oriental medical skin care in oriental medicine clinic and esthetic care in skin care shop has its own distinctive features while shares the same respects. We wish that all the parts not clearly categorized would be located with their own features in different areas.


Historically, intra-abdominal sepsis was managed conservatively, or with operative intervention, which is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Image-guided drainage of abscesses or collections provides a useful alternative and has become more common with the increasing prominence of Interventional Radiology, offering faster recovery, reduced length of hospital stay and cost of treatment. Modern procedural tools, techniques and expertise allow high levels of percutaneous drainage success. The scope of practice has widened to include targets which previously wouldn't have been amenable to drainage.

 To quantify the use and benefit of IR drainage for complicated diverticulitis at University Hospital Waterford over the past ten years. The size and location of collections drained throughout the ten years was observed. Length of hospital stay for each mode of management (conservative, percutaneous drainage and surgical) was used as an endpoint to assess morbidity.

 Using NIMIS, all CT abdomen/pelvis reports containing the words "abscess" or "collection", and "diverticul" over the past 10 years was compiled. These patients were categorised by their management, into groups of conservatives, percutaneous drainage, surgical intervention, or a combination of these. NIMIS was used to determine who underwent IR drainage. T-pro, theatre logbooks and patient notes were used to determine who had surgical management, and iPMS was used to assess length of hospital stay.

 IR drainage has become more common year-on-year in UHW and was shown to be more effective for all abscess sizes as compared with conservative management, as outlined in the table shown


Biomarkers of cancer can indicate the presence of disease and serve as therapeutic targets. Our goal is to develop an optical imaging approach using molecularly-targeted contrast agents to assess several centimeters of mucosal surface for mapping expression of multiple biomarkers simultaneously with high spatial resolution. The ability to image biomarker expression level and heterogeneity in vivo would be extremely useful for clinical cancer research, patient selection of personalized medicine, and monitoring therapy. In this proof-of-concept ex vivo study, we examined correlation of neoplasia with two clinically relevant biomarkers, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and metabolic activity. 286 unique locations in nine samples of freshly resected oral mucosa were imaged after topically applying optical imaging agents EGF-Alexa 647 (to target EGFR) and 2-NBDG (to target metabolic activity). Quantitative features were calculated from resulting fluorescence images and compared to tissue histopathology maps. The EGF-Alexa 647 signal correlated well with EGFR expression as indicated by immunohistochemistry. A classification algorithm for presence of neoplasia based on the signal from both contrast agents resulted in an area under the curve of 0.83. Regions with a posterior probability from 0.80-1.00 contained >50% neoplasia 99% (84/85) of the time. This study demonstrates a proof-of-concept of how non-invasive optical imaging can be used as a tool to study expression levels of multiple biomarkers and their


Hyperbranched polymers with a degree of branching of 100% have been prepared and converted into different types of unimolecular micelle-like structures. The polymers were obtained by acid catalyzed polycondensation of an isatin-based AB2 monomer, prepared without using toxic organometal reagents or extensive chromatographic purification. The molar masses as determined by SEC relative to linear PS standards were strongly underestimated as compared to absolute data determined by MALLS. This could be accounted for by the densely branched structure and the formation of intramolecular hydrogen bonds. The hyperbranched scaffolds were converted into unimolecular micelle-like structures in two ways. In a first approach, long alkyl chains were introduced at the terminal units and carboxyl groups at the dendritic units. The resulting macromolecules were soluble in apolar solvents and able to bind polar dyes. Alternatively, the terminal units could be converted into quaternary ammonium salts, leading to water-solubl...


Mobile Ad hoc Network (MANET) is a wireless
network of mobile nodes that has no fixed
routers.In MANET, mobile nodes can communicate via the wireless interface while
nodes are moving freely without using the
network infrastructure.Nowadays the performance of a new existence Internet protocol technology, that is Stream Control
Transportation Protocol ( SCTP) in a MANET
Routing Protocol still unknown.The general
objective of this research is to analyze and
make the comparative performance of SCTP
with Ad-hoc On-demand Distance Vector (AODV) and Dynamic Source Routing protocol (DSR) using Network Simulator (NS-2).Specifically, this research is to measure the behavior of SCTP in terms of throughput and smoothness and; to determine routing protocol in Mobile Ad-hoc Network (MANET) either it has significant effect in SCTP.This research used
Network Simulator 2 (NS-2), type of the traffic is Constant Bit Rate ( CBR) and packet size is 1000.The data sent consists of five speeds at 5 m/s, 10 m/s, 15 m/s, 20 m/s, 25 m/s, and then these speeds are used in AODV and DSR simulation.The result, of our study suggested that the SCTP throughput over AODV is higher than DSR and the smoothness of SCTP over DSR was higher than AODV for the five types of speed.In addition, there was no significant impact on throughput between AODV and DSR as the percentage difference was small (i.e., 0 to 2.4%).Furthermore, the speed of node movement does not significant affect the smoothness.


Introduction: The discovery of substantial evaporite deposits at the Opportunity rover landing site in Meridiani Planum on Mars argues for significant interactions between liquid water and local rocks during some stage of the Martian past. However, evaporites can form under a dazzling variety of water/rock ratios, from long-term evaporation of expansive reservoirs to periodic recycling of water on the surface of individual rocks. On the warm and high water/rock ratio end, evaporites can form from evaporating pools of brine as large as oceans; on the cold and low water/rock ratio end, evaporites can form through extremely short-term but periodic recycling of water percolating across grain and rock surfaces. Between these two extremes is a broad continuum of processes that can produce evaporites-however, the cold, low water/rock ratio processes that may be most relevant to current day Mars are among the least understood. Exploring the full range of possible mechanisms is thus crucial for interpreting MER results and those from future exploration of Mars, and terrestrial analog studies offer an important approach. This abstract describes the initial results of fieldwork now being conducted during December 2005 and January of 2006 in a moraine surrounding the Lewis Cliff Ice Tongue in the Transantarctic Mountains, Antarctica. Exploration of the region by meteorite recovery teams revealed that the moraine contains significant amounts of evaporite minerals in a variety of formats. The morainal regolith consists of a mixture of finely ground " glacial flour " and larger cobbles of locally exposed rock types. These include Permian-Triassic sedimentary sequences (the Beacon Supergroup) and later Jurassic intrusives and volcanics (the Ferrar Group). These sequences contain a wide variety of rocks, from igneous dolerites to cyclothemic coal and volcaniclastic sequences. Weathering efflorescences are common on rock surfaces, and holes dug into the morainal surface often reveal stratified layers of evaporitic materials. Some of these layers are dramatic in scope, reaching several meters in maximum dimension (Figure 1). Studies of a few small returned samples show that these blocks consist of masses of euhedral nahcolite (NaHCO 3), trona (Na 3 H(CO 3) 2 • 2H 2 O), borax (Na 2 B 4 O 7 • 10H 2 O) and an unknown hydrous sulfate species [1]. Jarosite, halite, calcite and phosphates have also been identified in recovered samples but have not yet been described in the literature. Formation mechanisms: The proposed cryogenic formation mechanism is relevant to understanding similar evaporite …


............................................. xii I . INTRODUCTION ...................................... 1 II. LITERATURE REVIEW ................................ *3 III. MATERIALS AND METHODS.......................... 12 Organisms .................................... 12 Media and Culture Conditions ................. 12 Glassware .................................... 13 Photomicrography ............................. 14Ketodeoxyoctulosonate (KDO) Determination ....14Effects of Spermidine, Putrescine, and Ferrichrome .................................. 14Chromatography of Diaminopimelic Acid (DAP) ..15 Preparation of Cell Envelope ................. 16 Amino Acid Analysis ........................ 17 Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis ...........18 Plasmolyzing and Deplasmolyzing Agents .......19 Scanning Electron Microscopy ................. 20 Dispersive and Non-Dispersive X-Ray Analysis..21 Freeze-etching ............................... 21 Environmental Studies ........................ 21 IV. RESULTS ......................................... 24Modification of Salts Used in Basal Medium ...24Tolerance of Related Terrestrial Species for Ni Ions .................................. 27


The objective of the paper is to determine the possibilities of combining different theories for explaining the accelerated internationalisation. For that purpose the underlying assumptions of knowledgebased incremental internationalisation are analysed and compared with other theories and current research results. The key determinants of modified internationalisation process are used for analysing accelerated internationalisation of two Estonian origin knowledge intensive companies. Comparison and integration of different internationalisation theories and perspectives is based on literature review and application of logical diagram analysis. Longitudinal case study method is used for analysing cases of two knowledge-intensive Estonian companies. The analysis of cases supports the applicability of theory integration approach to researching accelerated internationalisation. Implications for managers and suggestions for further research are made.


Ant colony system (ACS) algorithm was applied to the path planning for the robot. In the same working environment, path planning based on MAKLINK graph theory and Voronoi diagram were simulated and compared. MAKLINK graph theory is appropriate to apply to precise searching in small-scale district, and Voronoi diagram is suitable for fast path planning in a large area.


* Alicia H. Munnell is the Director of the Center for Retirement Research at Boston College (CRR) and the Peter F. Drucker Professor in Management Sciences at Boston College's Carroll School of Management. Steven Sass is Associate Director for Research, Mauricio Soto is a senior research associate, and Natalia Zhivan is a graduate research assistant at the CRR. This brief is adapted from a longer paper (Munnell, et al. 2006) that is available at http://www.bc.edu/centers/crr/wp_ 2006-17.shtml. Robert Hutchens provided very useful comments on this paper. The authors would like to thank Madeline Zavodny for generously sharing her knowledge, experience, and files. They would also like to thank Francesca Golub-Sass and Jerilyn Libby for excellent research assistance and Kelly Haverstick for helping us untangle our equations. Introduction


Single-shot full-color holography with sunlight is presented. Single-shot phase-shifting incoherent and conoscopic holography, a minification system, and a color polarization-imaging camera are adopted for single-shot spatially incoherent full-color 3-D imaging of an outdoor scene.


Adrenal Tumors The NCCN Clinical Practice Guidelines in Oncology (NCCN Guidelines) for Neuroendocrine and Adrenal Tumors, published in this issue (page 839), include the latest updates. To assist readers interested in noting how the guidelines were updated, highlights of major changes pertaining to the portion of the guidelines published in this issue are provided below. To view the most recent version of the guidelines, visit NCCN.org.


The invention discloses a method for recovering rare earth from weathering crust elution-deposited rare earth residual liquid flowing out after mine closure through a heap leaching technology and an in-situ leaching technology. The method comprises the following steps: collecting the rare earth residual liquid from liquid collecting ditches at the bottoms of ore bodies after leaching in the original heap leaching field or in an site; adjusting the pH value of the rare earth residual liquid to be 4.5-5 with ammonium sulfide or sodium sulphide to obtain an impurity removal rare earth mother liquid; adding an adsorption column filled with strong acid type cation exchange resin in the rare earth mother liquid to adsorb rare earth; eluting the cation exchange resin with an eluting agent to obtain an eluent, wherein the rare earth concentration is 0.3 g/L-3 g/L; adding oxalic acid or ammonium bicarbonate into the eluent to obtain a precipitate, filtering, washing and drying to obtain oxalic acid rare earth or carbonic acid rare earth. The method has the advantages that not only is the pollution of the rare earth in the residual liquid to the drainage system in a mining area reduced, but also the valuable rare earth resources are recovered.


The traditional view of financial stability concentrates analytical efforts on the identification of increasing vulnerabilties prior to stress from individual failure in institutions, markets and infrastructure, assuming that the financial system is in equilibrium and adjusts when it experiences a shock. As opposed to this conventional approach, the presence of systemic vulnerabilties warrant the monitoring of ongoing developments in evolving areas of financial markets where the impact of unsustainable imbalances on financial stability is deemed most severe and widespread but difficult to measure, leave alone forecast. Given the increasing sophistication of financial products, the diversity and global reach of financial institutions, as well as the growing interdependence of financial markets and services, such areas exposed to extreme scenarios are likely to be found in financial innovation, where market forces and participants are left to their own devices and when complex incentive structures encourage greater risk taking in a benign economic environment but entail more adverse economic consequences when stress occurs.
The aim of this paper is to define the structured finance in order to point out to its possibilities in capital costs reduction and efficient refinance, as well as credit risk transfer through credit derivatives and securitisation transactions.
Keywords: structured finance; credit risk transfer; asset-backed securitisation (ABS); securitisation; mortgage-backed securitisation (MBS); collateralised debt obligation (CDO).


With the increasing number of mobile devices (MDs) and computationally intensive applications, the conflict between the MDs limited computing and battery resources and the ever increasing resource demands from the mobile applications becomes more and more prominent. It is becoming more and more difficult to meet simultaneously the requirements of industrial applications in terms of latency and energy only using traditional cloud computing paradigm. Mobile edge computing (MEC), as a novel computing paradigm, promises dramatic reduction in latency, energy consumption and improve mobile service quality and enhance Quality of Experience by offloading computation-intensive tasks to edge servers in close proximity to mobile users. However, most researches of MEC offloading focused on one of two aspects: transmission delays and energy consumption. In this paper, different from these studies, three factors of energy consumption, latency and cloud computing costs are comprehensively considered. At the same time, two weight factors are introduced, which depend on the remaining power of MDs and the urgency of tasks to balance between execution delay, energy consumption and cloud computing cost. Then, the multiuser computation offloading problem is formulated as a constrained optimization problem, which is NP-hard. Due to the computation complexity of the formulated problem, An iterative heuristic task-intensive assignment algorithm is designed to make the offloading decision dynamically. Simulation results demonstrate that our algorithm outperforms the existing schemes in terms of offloading overhead.


The objective of this research was to study the current state of the undergraduate program at Faculty of Industrial Education, Rajamangala University of Technology Thanyaburi. The target group used in research was 65 lecturers at the bachelor's degree program at Faculty of Industrial Education, Rajamangala University of Technology Thanyaburi selected by purposive sampling. The tools used for data collection were open-ended and closed-ended questionnaires. The data were analyzed using content analysis method. The closed-end questionnaire was an estimate. Data were analyzed to determine the mean and standard deviation. The research results found that the current state of the undergraduate program at Faculty of Industrial Education, Rajamangala University of Technology Thanyaburi was at a high suitability level. When considering each aspect, it was found that the level of suitability was at a high level in all aspects with the suitability level sorted in descending order for each aspect as follows: environmental context, teaching and learning management, productivity, and input factors.


Taking fly ash warehouse project of Tonghe thermal power plant in Qinhuangdao for example,combining with their own work experience,this paper introduced the construction technology of bamboo plywood assembly shaping template,separately elaborated the template preparation,installation,reinforcement correction,surface treatment and other key construction processes,and pointed out the problems should be paid attention to and bamboo plywood assembly shaping template key points,had certain instruction significance.


Here are the highest-impact patents from 2019 and their associated university spinoffs: Inscripta[6] — After raising $260M[7] in investment capital, Inscripta brought the breakthrough digital engineering platform Onyx to market. Inscripta was founded on an exclusive license to a portfolio of CU patents, including US 10,266,849 "CRISPR enabled multiplexed genome engineering" invented by CU Boulder chemical and biological engineering associate professor Ryan Gill[8]. The innovation developed in the Gill lab, known as "CREATE," enables rapid, multiplexed editing at multiple locations across the genome. Kahook Dual Blade[9] US 10,327,947 "Modified Dual-Blade Cutting System," was created by Malik Kahook[10], M.D., CU School of Medicine professor in ophthalmology at the CU Anschutz Medical Campus. The Kahook Dual Blade, launched in 2015 by New World Medical, is a novel surgical blade created to produce a more complete removal of trabecular meshwork, which is the eye tissue associated with the development of glaucoma. Glaucoma is a leading cause of irreversible blindness around the globe. Surgery with the Kahook Dual Blade is minimally invasive and can be effectively performed with equal efficacy in modern operating rooms as well as in low-resource areas around the world. It is now one of the most commonly performed glaucoma procedures and backed by extensive evidence-based medicine. Stateless[11] — Stateless, a company reinventing network connectivity, is the exclusive licensee of US 10,245,348 "Stateless Network Functions." This technology enables new levels of automation, greatly simplifies how businesses access remote IT services and uses computing resources more than five times more cost-effectively than traditional approaches. Lead inventors Eric Keller[12], a CU Boulder associate professor in electrical, computer and energy engineering, and Murad Kablan (PhDCompSci'17) co-founded Stateless after completing CU Boulder's New Venture Challenge[13] and Catalyze CU[14] accelerator. Q32 Bio[15] — US 10,233,235 "Modulating the Alternative Complement Pathway" application pertains to methods and compositions for modulating, e.g., stimulating or inhibiting, activity of the alternative complement pathway. This therapeutic approach is important because it provides targeted regulation of complement directly in diseased tissues while minimizing the risk of serious infections and other complications associated with systemic complement pathway modulation. The patent is licensed to Q32 Bio, a biotechnology company developing treatments for patients with severe autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. Q32 Bio was seeded and incubated by Atlas Venture with foundational science from renowned researchers in immunology Michael Holers[16], M.D., and Joshua Thurman[17], M.D., from the CU School of Medicine at the CU Anschutz Medical Campus. The company raised $46 million in Series A funding and expects to enter into a Phase I trial in 2021. Longpath Technologies[18] —US 10,240,998 "Determining a Location and Size of a Gas Source with a Spectrometer Gas Monitor" was created by lead inventor and Longpath cofounder Greg Rieker[19], a CU Boulder associate professor in mechanical engineering. Rieker, in collaboration with colleagues at CU Boulder and NIST, applied Nobel Prize-winning research on optical frequency combs to detect trace


One mechanism of cirrus cloud formation is homogeneous ice nucleation within ammoniated sulfuric acid particles. An important constraint on ice formation is the (NH4)2SO4‐H2SO4‐H2O phase diagram. In the completed laboratory work, the NH4HSO4‐H2O phase diagram is determined over the domain relevant to the troposphere. The H2O vapor pressures of aqueous NH4HSO4 solutions are measured from −30 to 25°C, and the compositions of the aqueous phase in equilibrium with a solid phase (i.e., ice or letovicite) are determined at several temperatures. Below 25°C and above 42 wt% NH4HSO4(aq), the first solid to form from supersaturated NH4HSO4(aq) is (NH4)3H(SO4)2(S), not NH4HSO4(s). Supercooling of nearly 20 K is required to initiate letovicite formation for 100 mL samples. The results of this study are in good agreement with the calculations of Clegg et al. [1998].


Convective heat transfer and hydrodynamic scaling experiments using glass and plastic particles in scaled beds using a simplified set of scaling parameters have been completed. In these tests the particle diameter to bed length scaling parameter was combined with the Reynolds number based on particle diameter and solid density to define a new dimensionless parameter which is essentially the ratio of superficial velocity to minimum fluidization velocity as defined in the Ergun equation. Further theoretical development of the scaling laws has indicated that a set of scaling laws using the ratio of superficial to minimum fluidization velocity in place of the particle Reynolds number and ratio of particle diameter to bed length may be valid over a wider range of conditions than the viscous limit scaling parameters previously defined. A more complete explanation of the proposed simplified scaling parameters, and their regions of validity is included as Attachment A. Results of the hydrodynamic scaling experiments show good agreement when using this simplified set of scaling laws and strongly suggest that this new set of parameters is acceptable over the range of conditions tested (fast-fluidization regime).


The structure and dynamics of silica and acrylamide gels were studied using a probe diffusion technique of dynamic light scattering (DLS). Latex particles, diameter = 0.05 μm, embedded in the gel network serve as a probe through their diffusion behavior within the network. A quantitative analysis of the homogeneity of the gel is introduced based on a shift of the correlation function of the dynamic light scattering. The lag time of the particles' correlation function in a completed inorganic silica gel is increased by increasing the contents of the gel network; but the particles' diffusion coefficient in a viscoelastic (acrylamide) gel lowers the f(A)max, the maximum value of the y-axis in the correlation function. The silica gel makes a more homogeneous and compact structure than that of a PAA gel, which has partial heterodyning, by increasing the solid contents of the network density.


The culture of university campus network is a new form of civilization that has the characteristics of vivid form, abundant content and rapid actual effect. It's an important source of information on campus for teachers and students. It is the extension and development of campus culture in network times and plays an active role in publicity and education guidance. As one of the most active group users, college students obtain information and knowledge through the internet, while the internet has become an indispensable part of their study and life. This makes it urgent and important to strengthen the construction of network platform and virtual campus culture. With the continuous development of modern multimedia technology, internet has become the new media after newspaper, radio broadcast and television media. As an important medium of communication, it has played a powerful influence on the college students' study, life and work. The mutual influence and promotion in campus information network and the mass modeling activities of college students form an impact in the university students' learning life. Compared with the traditional campus culture, the culture of network has some distinguishing features such as the richness of information, sharing of resources, the virtual space, interactive communication and the equality of main body behavior. University network platform provides a resources sharing, information exchange and collaborative work platform for school teaching, scientific research and management under the certain guidance of education thought and theory within the scope of university. 1. The connotation and characteristics of network culture in universities With the progress of information technology, especially the advancement of network communication technology, network culture was produced and developed. It is a kind of rationalization culture with the core content of modern technology, culture, education and value. It is a carrier of computer and communication technology and has the double connotation of technology and social culture. The campus network culture is the combination of the campus culture and network culture. It is a new cultural form that takes the network as the medium and the extension and development of campus culture in the network era. Combined with network technology and the background information of campus culture environment, it forms a new campus culture that takes the teachers and students as core. The campus network platform provide a media teaching equipment that take learning activities as a core based on the premise of network application. It provides a openness flexibility and stability education teaching management platform for teachers, students and staff. The purpose of building is to promote the development of education in universities under the supporting role of platform. As a carrier to support the development of the network platform culture in colleges and universities, it has the following features: Interactivity. Compared with the old rigid style of one-way interaction platform, the new form of campus network platform has the feature of vivid two-way interactive interface. Compared with any former tool, it has the characteristics of fast speed, low cost and high efficiency in communication and information query. Strong timeliness. The campus network platform was constructed from teachers and students 2014 International Conference on Computer Science and Electronic Technology (ICCSET 2014) © 2015. The authors Published by Atlantis Press 360 daily life on campus and entertainment aspects. To get timely information, you can fully use the upload function to update content and resources. Rich content. The network media has the characteristics of digitization and full-time transmission. It changed the way of communication from single to complex, and combined the traditional media with video, music, text, audio, images and symbols organically. The implement makes the network be a effective tool of communication between teachers and students in colleges and universities. Openness. The mutual collision and fusion of various value orientation, ideas, religious beliefs, customs and habits formed a rich variety of college network culture around the world. In the rapid process of informatization in university campus, the evolution of network culture is not only promotes the development of university campus culture and expand the cultural life space and coverage, but also have an impact on traditional ideas of running a school, education environment, teaching means and campus culture, and then lead to a new generation of the traditional campus culture and campus network culture. But the network culture brings the both unprecedented challenges and abundant content of courses in traditional teaching. Therefore, how to construct characteristic campus network platform has become an important subject to our higher vocational colleges. 2. Current status of university network culture platform construction Boot capacity of network culture in colleges and universities. With the constant improvement of our country university network infrastructure, the campus network culture system, such as digital library, digital campus and teaching information system provides a more efficient and convenient platform for colleges and universities. But many colleges and universities learn less about the trend of the network culture and lack the knowledge of promoting the boot capacity of culture. Imperfect supervision mechanism of network culture in colleges and universities. At present, some universities' cultural activities lack the overall knowledge of forming a specific, powerful and guaranteed supervision mechanism, and the overall development strategy of the university culture resources has not yet included. Relative lag in network culture platform construction. At present, some colleges and universities network culture platform have insufficient points in the network characteristic, content setting, supervision and management, subsequent construction and information interaction. The content of platform is old and single; the overall conception and page design is not reasonable and the function is short of instructive standard and poor attraction. 3. The construction of university campus network culture platform The hierarchy. The purpose of constructing the university campus network platform is to optimizing the teaching and scientific research and daily life of university teachers and students by utilizing the computer network technology. We can improve availability efficiency, increase benefit and enhance the comprehensive strength of university through the integration of campus resources. According to its function, the finished campus network can be divided into four levels, communication layer, management layer, service layer and application layer. Communication layer. It is the most basic form of university network, including network facilities and equipment. Management layer. It is a corresponding system that maintains the daily operation of campus, such as cartoon system. Service layer. It is a total sum of basic content and information resources platform. Its role is to manage all kinds of network resources; it is the foundation of the whole university campus network platform. Application layer. The application layer is built on the ahead of other three layers; it is open to user and carry all kinds of application system, including the electronic library, OA system, the


Autoantibodies against centromere protein ‐F have been reported to be associated with various types of cancer with poor prognosis. The characterization of these autoantibody specificities is important in both diagnostics and basic research. In this study, we mapped the epitope (NELSRIRSEKA) of two monoclonal centromere protein F antibodies. The epitope was localized by screening of overlapping peptides followed by a fast and efficient estimation of the minimal peptide length required for antibody recognition, based on the screening of terminally truncated resin‐bound peptide analogs. The epitope was determined through competitive inhibition assays of systematically truncated free peptides. In addition, the importance of the involved amino acid side chains of the identified epitope was determined through competitive inhibition assays using alanine‐substituted analogs. Copyright © 2013 European Peptide Society and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


Field and glasshouse experiments were conducted on an acidic red-yellow podzolic soil of low nitrogen status from south-eastern Queensland to examine the use of nitrogen and lime in promoting leucaena growth. In the field, application of 25 kg nitrogen ha-l at planting increased shoot dry weight by 77, 88, 52 and 51% at weeks 5, 15, 32 and 52 respectively. Equivalent responses to lime (2.5 t ha-1) were 8, 3 1, 64 and 74% respectively. In the glasshouse, shoot, root and nodule dry weights were increased by nitrogen application rates of 50, 100 and 200 kg ha-1. Number, size and dry weight of nodules were suppressed at the highest rate (400 kg ha-1). Nitrogen concentration in youngest fully expanded leaves was increased to over 5% by nitrogen, and a critical nitrogen content of 4.5% (90% of maximum growth) is suggested. Inexplicably, lime application reduced shoot, root and nodule weights at high nitrogen applications. The apparent partial effectiveness of commercial leucaena Rhizobium and the implications of starter nitrogen and lime for leucaena establishment are discussed.


The R‐type lectin EW29, isolated from the earthworm Lumbricus terrestris, consists of two homologous domains (14 500 Da) showing 27% identity with each other. The C‐terminal domain (Ch; C‐half) of EW29 (EW29Ch) has two sugar‐binding sites in subdomains α and γ, and the protein uses these sugar‐binding sites for its function as a single‐domain‐type hemagglutinin. In order to determine the sugar‐binding ability and specificity for each of the two sugar‐binding sites in EW29Ch, ligand‐induced chemical‐shift changes in EW29Ch were monitored using 1H–15N HSQC spectra as a function of increasing concentrations of lactose, melibiose, d‐galactose, methyl α‐d‐galactopyranoside and methyl β‐d‐galactopyranoside. Shift perturbation patterns for well‐resolved resonances confirmed that all of these sugars associated independently with the two sugar‐binding sites of EW29Ch. NMR titration experiments showed that the sugar‐binding site in subdomain α had a slow or intermediate exchange regime on the chemical‐shift timescale (Kd = 10−2 to 10−1 mm), whereas that in subdomain γ had a fast exchange regime for these sugars (Kd = 2–6 mm). Thus, our results suggest that the two sugar‐binding sites of EW29Ch in the same molecule retain its hemagglutinating activity, but this activity is 10‐fold lower than that of the whole protein because EW29Ch has two sugar‐binding sites in the same molecule, one of which has a weak binding mode.


Freezing is one of the most complicated treatment in food processing due to the dependence of food properties on temperature. In addition, many kinds of food contain a high proportion of water which has some special thermal characteristics. In this study, the freezing process for a fish fillet from Vietnamese catfish fillets is considered using the Finite Element Method. The coupled heat and mass transfer problem is investigated in a discretized computational domain. Numerical results obtained from COMSOL solver then are compared with the experimental data to prove the efficiency of the proposed method.


Tyrosinase is a copper‐containing enzyme, which is widely distributed in microorganisms, animals and plants and is a key enzyme in melanin biosynthesis, involved in determining the color of mammalian skin and hair. In addition, unfavorable enzymatic browning of plant‐derived foods by tyrosinase causes a decrease in nutritional quality and economic loss of food products. The inadequacy of current conventional methods to prevent tyrosinase action encourages researchers to seek new potent tyrosinase inhibitors for food and cosmetics.


Energy Consumption Interaction Automata (ECIA) is presented to model cyber-physical systems' interaction behavior and energy consumption constraint information. The component-interaction automata is an excellent model for specifying architecture and behavior information, but fails to depict energy consumption constraint information in cyber-physical systems. ECIA extends the description ability of component interaction automata by binding each action with an energy consumption interval. ECIA models of cyber-physical systems can be composed together based on the ECIA composition definition we presented in this paper. Applications of ECIA, such as specifying and verifying components' interaction properties in the design stage of developing component-based cyber-physical systems, are discussed. An example is given to demonstrate how ECIA can be used to analyze the energy-related properties of components' behavior in cyber-physical systems.


Gastrointestinal infection due to biological contamination of drinking water supplies is a major health issue worldwide. Naturally occurring and inexpensive modified materials such as surfactant-modified zeolites (SMZ) have net positive surface charge, which may prove useful for adsorption of pathogens such as Cryptosporidium parvum and Giardia intestinales (lamblia). SMZ is engineered by modifying the concentration of surfactant hexadecyltrimethylammonium (HDTMA) on the surface of zeolite media. Two different SMZ formulations (cationic SMZ and hydrophobic SMZ) were engineered to develop the most effective media for pathogen removal from drinking water. In the laboratory, batch experiments of SMZ, raw zeolite, and sand were conducted to determine pathogen sorption to the media. Then, vertical columns packed with SMZ or zeolite material were used to evaluate pathogen transport. Tritium tracer tests were used to determine hydraulic properties of the materials. Synthetic microspheres 1 Department of Earth and Environmental Science, New Mexico Tech, Socorro, NM 87801. 2 Department of Earth and Environmental Science, New Mexico Tech, Socorro, NM 87801(corresponding author). E-mail: email@example.com 3 Department of Geological Science, University of Texas at El Paso, TX, 79968.


This experiment was designed t o assess spatial and nonspatial relational learning i n free-ranging squirrels. The authors tested the possible use o f proximal landmarks a s conditional information to predict the locations of nuts, hidden in small dishes distributed on a plastic board. Squirrels were trained to associate the presence of 1 object, at the center of the board, with 1 set of baited dishes, whereas the presence of a 2nd object, placed alternatively at the same location, was associated with another set of dishes. They did not acquire the nonspatial relational task on the basis of proximal landmarks. They developed a win-stay spatial strategy relying on directional information derived from distant visuospatial cues and neglected proximal spatial information when it conflicted. They relied on their memory of the food locations in the previous trial to predict the nuts' locations, even though the objects were the only predictors of these locations.


AES is the best known and most widely used block cipher. Its three versions (AES-128, AES-192, and AES-256) differ in their key sizes (128 bits, 192 bits and 256 bits) and in their number of rounds (10, 12, and 14, respectively). Our present work investigates the recently reported attacks on AES 256 and AES 192. Instead of concentrating on the actual algorithms of these attacks we shall be more interested in the question, what makes AES 256 so vulnerable to these related key attacks which are all based on a common concept. Additionally we seek an informal answer to the very relevant query that how much vulnerable is the most used variant of AES, namely AES 128, against these kind of cryptanalysis. Next we try to use the related key based cryptanalytic techniques on some other cipher. For this purpose we choose a stream cipher based on the AES structure. In [4], Biryukov presented a new methodology of stream cipher design, called Leak Extraction. The stream cipher LEX, based on this methodology and on the AES block cipher, was selected to phase 3 of the eSTREAM competition. The suggested methodology seemed promising, and LEX, due to its elegance, simplicity and performance was expected to be selected to the eSTREAM portfolio. However [10] suggests a key recovery attack on LEX. The attack requires about 2 bytes of key-stream produced by the same key (possibly under many different IVs), and retrieves the secret key in time of 2 simple operations. In this work we explored LEX further and have shown that under the assumption that we get hold of key streams generated by two related keys and four specially engineered IVs we can predict the bytes of the keystream generated by LEX with probability 1 in time of approximately 2 operations. We have extended this observation to derive some secret intermediate state bytes of LEX in a related key based attack model. Then we suggest an improvement in the design of LEX. We show that this improved version of LEX is protected against all existing attacks. Lastly we have used the methodology of Leak Extraction on another AES finalist SERPENT. This creates LESERP, a new stream cipher.


This paper examines customs control of timber, which is one of the core commodities to exported through borders administered by the Far Eastern Customs Department (FECD). When it comes to the exportation of Cat. 44 commodities under the Foreign Economic Activity Commodity Nomenclature of the Eurasian Economic Union (FEACN EAEU), the most common violation is the failure to duly declare such commodities. Whether such declaration is false or absent, it is always associated with inaccurate or overdue reporting. The emergent shadow trade of timber coupled with unauthorized logging jeopardizes not only the customs, but also the whole economy of Russia. By reporting inaccurate data, declarants cut their costs associated with international trade; they deliberately use inappropriate classification codes to reduce the customs value of the exportables. The Ministry of Natural Resources and the Environment reports that unauthorized logging results in a loss of about one million cubic meters of timber per annum, which means the federal budget has a shortfall of 10 billion rubles. This puts customs under pressure. A better regulatory framework for customs control of timber will help prevent illegal trafficking thereof. The findings of this research lay the foundations for more efficient customs control of exported timbers, both in the FECD-administered area and across Russia. This paper presents an interim study, the results of which could be of use for customs offices, whether in the context of clearance or post-release control.


The solar radiation was the most important factor which caused the organic coating weathering. For the level of the solar radiation in Lhasa of tableland was higher as twice as in backland of the same latitude, six types of common protective coating of three kinds of the same bisis materials,plating materials but different ground paint,surface paint were exposured outside for one year.The coatings having comparatively steady performance could be selected by comparing.


Purpose – This paper aims to contribute to the understanding of learning-oriented leadership as being integrated in managers' daily work. The particular focus is on managers' efforts to change how work is carried out through indirect acts of influence. In their daily work, managers influence the organisation's learning conditions in ways that go beyond face-to-face interaction. Neither the influencer nor those influenced are necessarily aware that they are engaged in learning processes. Design/methodology/approach – The research was part of a larger case study. The data set comprised interviews with nine middle managers about ways of working during a period of organisational change. A learning-theoretical analysis model was used to categorise managerial acts of influence. The key concept concerned pedagogic interventions. Findings – Two qualitatively different routes for indirect influence were identified concerning social and organisational structures: one aligning, that narrows organisational members' d...


Room temperature distributed‐feedback (DFB) laser operation is demonstrated with emission wavelengths ranging from 389 to 399 nm. Second‐order DFB gratings were defined by electron beam lithography and reactive ion etching in the top GaN barrier layer of a GaInN/GaN double heterostructure grown by metalorganic vapor phase epitaxy. Our data allow a precise determination of the effective refractive index neff(λ) over the whole emission range. neff(λ) is compared with previously published values for GaN and GaInN.