Recent societal interest in healthful food has led to the development of functional dairy products that primarily provide health benefits in addition to their essential nutrients. The main objective of the research is to extract, estimate, and fractionation the bio-active and antioxidant compounds and pigments in Spirulina algae and apply their use in a functional yogurt drink that enhances nutritional value by adding pure bee honey to it to give it shape, taste and high nutritional value and replacement of cane sugar with natural honey. Spirulina is added to yogurt drinks at concentrations of 0.5, 1, and 1.5 percent with traditional starters and 0.5, 1, and 1.5 percent with traditional starters plus Bifidobacterium longum . T.S.S, α-Tocopherol, and ash content were determined. With an increase in Spirulina concentration, a decrease in pH was seen during the setting period. Diacetyl, Acetoin, antioxidants, and phytochemicals all increased along with the level of Spirulina . Yogurt drinks made with 1% Spirulina scored similarly to controls for sensory factors like color, and appearance, flavor, and texture. All Yogurt drink samples were mold and yeast free. Liveliness of the Yogurt drink culture when stored at the recommended temperature of 5°C: Control has less overall lactic acid bacteria, but all samples can increase their Spirulina content by 0.5, 1, and 1.5 times as well as their overall bifidobacterial count the progress of storage for all lactic acid bacteria and bifidobacterial up to 15 days the viable count.


Flavored, effervescent, water soluble compositions containing water-soluble and oil-soluble vitamins and amino acid chelated minerals in bioavailable form are contained in a composition consisting of 20-30% of a vitamin blend consisting of water-soluble and oil-solu ble vitamins adsorbed on a lactose carrier containing a minor amount of propylene glycol, 5-25% of one or more amino acid chelated minerals selected from the group consisting of calcium, magnesium, iron, zinc, copper and manganese, 20-45% citric acid, 5-25% of one or more alkali or alkaline earth metal bicarbonates or carbonates, 1-5% flavoring agent, 0.5-2% of a sweetening agent and sufficient additional lactose car rier to provide the desired vitamin and mineral content per unit dosage which will normally vary between about 2 and 6 grams. When dissolved in water a fla vored, lightly carbonated drink is provided which will contain in soluble bioavailable form between about 50 to 100% of the U.S. RDA of one or more vitamins contained in a dosage unit of the composition and be tween about 20 to 50% of the U.S. RDA of one or more of the trace minerals iron, zinc, copper and magnesium as contained in a unit dosage of the composition as amino acid chelates. Separate effervescent vitamin com positions without minerals and mineral compositions without vitamins are also disclosed.


The construction industry is male-dominated and it has naturally characterised the values, images and practices associated with the industry. The characteristics associated with a male-only culture emphasises the importance of including women in the dynamics. How can an industry claim to be balanced and healthy under such conditions? How can you have the yin without the yang? I do not intend to debate the specifics relating to a male-only culture but instead will argue that including women will certainly lead to a changed (did I say improved?) construction industry image and culture.


In machine to machine (M2M) communication systems based on the Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) Long Term Evolution (LTE), the machine type communication (MTC) devices compete in a random access channel (RACH) to access the network. An MTC device randomly chooses a preamble from a pool of preambles and transmits it during the RACH. The evolved node B (eNodeB) acknowledges the successful reception of a preamble if that preamble is transmitted by only one device. To reduce the burstiness of the connection requests in heavy traffic situations, access class barring (ACB) is proposed in the 3GPP standard. Using ACB, an MTC device postpones its request in a RACH with a probability p. In this paper, we propose a new adaptive ACB scheme for congestion control of bursty M2M traffic. The optimal value of the ACB depends on the total number of MTC devices competing in a RACH. To estimate this number, we derive a joint conditional probability distribution function (PDF) for the number of preambles selected by zero or one MTC device, conditioned on the number of MTC devices that passed the ACB check. We design a maximum likelihood estimator using this PDF. We use this estimation to dynamically adjust the ACB factor. To further improve our estimation, we use Kalman filtering based on the dynamics of the system. Numerical results show that the total service time for the proposed method is very close to the optimal case where the information of the number of MTC devices is given.


With the advent of freely available 3D applications such as Google Earth and Virtual Earth it has become possible to place 3D objects within a very detailed geographical context. For both experts and non-experts these applications have become great tools


The photoluminescence (PL) spectra of suspended single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) were measured in an ethanol gas atmosphere. When the gas pressure was decreased, the PL peaks were initially blue-shifted to a small extent before a rapid blue-shift took place at a transition pressure that depended on the temperature and diameter of the SWNT being measured. This pressure dependence is due to the adsorption of ethanol molecules on the SWNT surface. The optical transition energies measured below the transition pressure are intrinsic to the SWNT.


Existing buildings account for a substantial portion of domestic energy consumption and hold the greatest potential of energy savings and reduction of greenhouse gas emission. Currently, energy saving by building energy retrofit is estimated as a deterministic fashion, which means it does not account for the uncertainty on energy saving measures. For objective and rational decision making, it is essential to include stochastic characteristics of building energy consumption. This paper presents a stochastic risk analysis to support transparent and objective decision-making for energy retrofit.


Formolized tissue (Tunica vaginalis) prepared according to Zinsser's method 1 and administered intraperitoneally in 4 weekly doses of 1 cc. each to non-infected guinea pigs brought about in test animals an immunity to at least 200 times enough virus to cause a scrotal reaction in 4 days. One cc. of a 1-10 saline emulsion of tissue taken at the height of reaction contained at least 200 times enough virus to cause a typical typhus reaction in the male guinea pig after 4 days. Animals similarly tested one week after 1, 2, or 3 1 cc. doses of "vaccine" all reacted positively to the test dose. Furthermore, protection was not found to be complete in animals that had received 1 or three 1 cc. doses of "vaccine" plus 4 weeks'rest when these animals were given the test dose. Only animals receiving 3 doses of vaccine followed by 4 weeks'rest were found to have any resistance at all to the test dose, and while these animals developed no definite scrotal reactions, all of them had temperature courses typical for endemic typhus fever in the guinea pig. To determine the duration of their resistance, 6 animals previously immunized were tested at various intervals by inoculating them intraperitoneally with 1 cc. Two of these test animals were immune to the above dose 2 months after completion of the four 1 cc. dose "vaccination", and 2 others were immune to the test dose 3 months after the same "vaccination". When tested at 4 months one of the remaining 2 animals developed a slight scrotal swelling 4 days after receiving the test dose. This swelling persisted for 3 days and was accompanied by daily temperatures of 103.2°F. to 105.0°F.


We report angle-resolved photoemission measurements of the effects of alloying on the spin-polarized electronic states of ferromagnetic transition metals. We observe that the minimum energy for spin-flip scattering of $d$ electrons (the so-called ``Stoner gap'' in itinerant ferromagnets) is governed by the upper limit of the majority $d$ bands. This Stoner gap can be tuned by alloying, which correspondingly alters the polarization of spin currents and lifetime of spin states in designer magnetic alloys for spintronic devices.


Previous studies have shown that low soil water supply depresses boron (B) uptake and may induce B deficiency in crops at low soil B. The present study was conducted to assess the possibility that increases in root/shoot ratio induced by water stress might offset the negative effect of water stress on B absorption in low B soil. Oilseed rape (Brassica napus cv. Eureka) plants were subject to a factorial combination of two levels of B: +B (0.45 mg B kg- 1 air dry soil) and -B (without added B); and three levels of water supply: adequate (Wet), subsoil dry (Wet-Dry) and surface soil dry (Dry). In -B soil, the water stress treatments significantly increased root dry weights, but decreased shoot dry weights, resulting in a decrease in shoot/root ratio. By contrast, water stress had no effect on shoot/root ratios of plants in +B soil. Decreasing water supply in the soil significantly decreased B absorption per unit root mass in -B soil but not in +B soil. The increase in root/shoot ratio was unable to significantly offset the decrease in B uptake induced by dry soil conditions and water stress still strongly depressed B concentrations in young leaves.


dition is such a weak one that it does not make the conclusion trivial in any sense. (It is like concluding in the motor-car argument: if the relative situation of this car and the next one on the shop floor is irrelevant to their relative goodness, and they are exactly alike otherwise, then they are equally good.) The force of this conditional judgment is hardly less than that of V in our exact-likeness case. Lastly, we need not really spend sleepless nights on whether A and B can be relevantly alike. If they cannot, then Hare's principle of universalisability is empty of content. If they can, then more than one element in S can correspond to the same element in T, and the problem discussed here arises. A more formal statement of the proposition being proved here is: Either Hare's principle of universalisability is empty of content, or it conflicts with Hume's Law. I should emphasise that I am not arguing here against Hare's 'universal prescriptivism' which is certainly among the most fruitful approaches to ethical discussions. I am only objecting to combining this approach with a claim of strict adherence to Hume's celebrated 'law'. It does not worry me unduly to think that Hare's universal prescriptivism implies an 'existential naturalist' position, but it worries me to think that this implication is denied.


A series of Ba2B2O5: RE (RE=Ce3+/Tb3+/Sm3+) phosphors were synthesized using high-temperature solid-state reaction. The X-ray diffraction (XRD), luminescent properties, and decay lifetimes are utilized to characterize the properties of the phosphors. The obtained phosphors can emit blue, green, and orange-red light when single-doped Ce3+, Tb3+, and Sm3+. The energy can transfer from Ce3+ to Tb3+ and Tb3+ to Sm3+ in Ba2B2O5, but not from Ce3+ to Sm3+ in Ce3+ and Sm3+ codoped in Ba2B2O5. However, the energy can transfer from Ce3+ to Sm3+ through the bridge role of Tb3+. We obtain white emission based on energy transfer of Ce3+→Tb3+→Sm3+ ions. These results reveal that Ce3+/Tb3+/Sm3+ can interact with each other in Ba2B2O5, and Ba2B2O5 may be a potential candidate host for white-light-emitting phosphors.


As Henry Seidel Canby pointed out in his life of Thoreau fifteen years ago, there is a strange gap in the biography of Thoreau that has never been filled. In Sanborn's edition of the Familiar Letters of Thoreau (Boston, 1894), there is a letter of 14 November 1847 to Emerson, traveling in England at the time, stating in part: I have had a tragic correspondence, for the most part all on one side, with Miss _____ She did really wish to—I hesitate to write—marry me—that is the way they spell it. Of course I did not write a deliberate answer—how could I deliberate upon it? I sent back a distinct No, as I have learned to pronounce after considerable practice, and I trust that this No has succeeded. Indeed I wished that it might burst like hollow shot after it had struck and buried itself, and make itself felt there. There was no other way. I really had anticipated no such foe as this in my career. (p. 166)


Restriction on intrusions is one of the foremost aspects of security to conserve the resources in a wireless network. The perimeter of the shadowing zone where in sensing and connectivity are simultaneously changing had to be estimated to prevent intruders. So the proposed work estimates a relationship between the data transmissions and computational time to find the trust factor of channels using factor graphs. Subsequently, estimating the Value of Information (VoI), contention time, and topological significance based on sensing power to alleviate blind spots had been observed to identify intrusions. Factor graph-based routing scenarios capable of handling channel uncertainties in time-triggered wireless sensor communication are indicated with edges and their factors. The process of local interactions with edges provides inference of intrusions to determine global solutions to preserve the network and its data transfer.


This paper presents a methodology for the multi-objective (MO) shape optimization of plate structure under stress criteria, based on a mixed Finite Element Model (FEM) enhanced with a sub-structuring method. The optimization is performed with a classical Genetic Algorithm (GA) method based on Pareto-optimal solutions and considers thickness distributions parameters and antagonist objectives among them stress criteria. We implement a displacement-stress Dynamic Mixed FEM (DM-FEM) for plate structure vibrations analysis. Such a model gives a privileged access to the stress within the plate structure compared to primal classical FEM, and features a linear dependence to the thickness parameters. A sub-structuring reduction method is also computed in order to reduce the size of the mixed FEM and split the given structure into smaller ones with their own thickness parameters. Those methods combined enable a fast and stress-wise efficient structure analysis, and improve the performance of the repetitive GA. A few cases of minimizing the mass and the maximum Von Mises stress within a plate structure under a dynamic load put forward the relevance of our method with promising results. It is able to satisfy multiple damage criteria with different thickness distributions, and use a smaller FEM.


Introduction: The Portsmouth Asthma Service serves a population of over 675,000 people. We regularly identify patients who do not understand their asthma; as a result they lack confidence to seek advice or ask questions about their condition, resulting in a reliance on healthcare providers to manage symptoms and subsequent poor asthma control. Poorly controlled disease can lead to frequent exacerbations, impairing the patient's quality of life and increasing their risk of premature death. Method: We undertook an appreciative exercise to identify the main gaps in our patient's understanding of their asthma. We held focus groups with clinic patients to explore their understanding of asthma and to identify potential educational interventions to improve their confidence to manage their symptoms. Results: The majority of patients were unable to define asthma as a condition and responses included "terrifying and life-threatening" and "frustrating and depressing". Patients felt that there was a lack of educational resources available in the clinic, they did not know where to seek advice and suggested that written information to share with family would be beneficial. They identified that a poor understanding of their condition prevented them from being able to make decisions about their asthma management. In collaboration with patients, we designed asthma information leaflets and a poster to display in the waiting room. Conclusion: Feedback was overwhelmingly positive. As a result of their improved understanding, patients felt empowered to ask questions about their diagnosis and management and felt confident to self-manage symptoms. We will ensure that asthma education remains a prominent and sustainable aspect of the care we provide our patients.


Field observations as related to distress and performance of test flexible pavements under accelerated traffic loading at the Pennsylvania Test Track Facility have been presented and correlated with the corresponding value as predicted by the FHWA computer program (VESYS IIM) Fight flexible pavement test sections carrying about 1.5 million 18 kip equivalent axle loadings were evaluated. On each section, rut depth, cracking and present serviceability index (PSI) were measured at periodic intervals. An account was made of the environmental and traffic conditions throughout the test period and samples of materials used in the facility were tested in the laboratory to determine the properties necessary for input to the VESYS Computer Code. Using the VESY IIM program estimates of the extent of fatigue cracking damage, rut depth, and PSI were computed and compared with the measured performance data. Results indicate that it is possible to predict the relative magnitudes of these distress and performance indicators. In this paper an attempt is made to point out reasons for deviations between measured and predicted values. Suggestions are made concerning the eventual use of mechanistic structural subsystem for the analysis and design of flexible pavement systems. /Auther/


The current article discusses the potential utility of self-help books as a means of disseminating positive psychological interventions, and presents data comparing a positive psychology-based self-help book with a cognitive-behavioral self-help book and a self-monitoring control condition. We studied college fresh- men (N=58), and argue that this population is a particularly appropriate target for well-being intervention. Outcome measures included both indices of efficacy (depressive symptoms and life satisfaction) and ef- fectiveness (e.g. the extent to which participants found their assigned activities to be meaningful). The two book groups outperformed the control and were equivalently efficacious at reducing depressive symptoms; on life satisfaction, positive self-help outperformed cognitive-behavioral, but only at 6-month follow-up. Positive self-help was also superior to cognitive-behavioral self-help on indices of effectiveness. Possibili- ties for future directions are discussed, with an emphasis on the realities of practical dissemination to both college students, and to the general public.


To detect the horizon for the UAV attitude measurement based on the visual navigation, a horizon detection algorithm based on the dark channel prior in foggy weather is proposed. This algorithm firstly uses the principle of dark channel prior for the haze removal to get the dark channel image, then uses horizontal and vertical Sobel operator to carry on edge detection on the dark channel image, getting the binary image. Finally, detect the horizon through the method of rotating image. Experiment result shows that, this algorithm can effectively detect the horizon and is robust to some complex scenes.


The prediction model of digestible phosphorus were be established based on the percentage of phosphorus dialyzability in 19 kinds of plant-origin ingredients and 2 compound diets measured by in vitro procedure that simulated the digestive system of growing pig. Results showed that: (1) There were higher percentage of dailyzability for the lower content of photate phosphorus of ingredients after exogenous phytase supplement than that of higher. (2) The dialyzability of phosphorus in ingredient were lower than the percentage of true phosphorus digestibility but in vitro method could be used to compare precisely that which one contained rich avaiblable phosphorus in feed in gradients. (3) The high-accuracy and applied prediction equation of dialyzable p[hosphorus with total phosphorus (TP), photate phosphorus (PP) and phytase activity (Phy) in this trail was as follow: Dialyzable P (g/kg)=-0.725+0.566×TP(g/kg)-0.35×PP(g/kg)+0.0044×Phy(FTU/kg) (R~(2)=0.918,RSD=0.207,P<0.001) (4) Turly digestible phosphorus could be predicted accurately with dialyzable phosphorus determined by in vitro method as follow: True digestible P (g/kg)=0.542+1.017×Dialyzable P (g/kg) (R~(2)=0.899,RSD=0.261,P<0.0001)


Abstract Life history theory predicts that the patterns of resource allocation in animals are associated with different strategies, selected in the course of evolution. In the present study, the life history of Leptinaria unilamellata was characterized under laboratory conditions. We determined the growth, reproduction, and longevity patterns of this species and elucidated the strategy related to the development of embryos, through direct observations and examination of the morphology of the gravid uterus. Furthermore, we attempted to analyze the glycogen and galactogen contents of the albumen gland, digestive gland and cephalopedal mass in order to understand energy allocation to life history traits, for three life stages. Leptinaria unilamellata's life history is characterized by great longevity, a short juvenile phase, early sexual maturity, and repeated reproductive events, with little reproductive effort at each event and some mortality shortly after the first reproduction. In the terraria, we found juveniles but no eggs. However, the results of the anatomical study showed no morphological connection between the embryos and the parental organism. Thus, this species should be described as ovoviviparous rather than viviparous. Egg retention in the parent organism is the primary cause of the release of juveniles, instead of eggs, enabling the offspring to withstand environmental stress. The higher quantity of galactogen found in the adults' albumen gland, as compared to juveniles and senescent individuals, as well as the ratio of glycogen to galactogen, reveal the allocation of energy to reproduction rather than to growth. The remaining energy is directed to the maintenance of omeostasis. Such pattern was confirmed by the low levels of glycogen and galactogen observed in the senescent stage, compared to the juvenile and adult stages. In the life strategy of L. unilamellata, the distribution of the reproductive effort among many events associated with ovoviviparity indicates a long-term investment in reproductive success.


The abundance and distribution of macrobenthos in tidal pools of different sizes and physical–chemical conditions were examined in a salt marsh near Isle Verte, Quebec. The underlying purpose of th...


It is pointed out that if one uses dimensional reduction to regularize integrals that arise when one evaluates S-matrix elements defined by background field quantization, a considerable simplification occurs.


The author is Chairman of the Department of Sociology in St. Lawrence University. He assisted in organizing and directing the Central Bureau for the Homeless during the depression in New York City; was Chairman of the Annual Conference of Probation, Parole and Case Work Procedures in New York State; Consultant to New York State Division of Probation. He served during the recent war with the U. S. Army as Military Government Officer.-EDITOR.


This paper introduces the basic principles,advantages and disadvantages of BP learning algorithm,in the light of its disadvantages,introduces the momentum item to improve this algorithm,and probes into the implementation of BP network algorithm.


The progress in polyvinyl alcohol/starch blends in recent years was reviewed in this paper.The processing methods include solution casting,extrusion and compression molding.The influence of plasticizers,crosslinkers,modified starch,and nanoparticles on the properties of biodegradable eco-friendly blends was discussed.A number of potential applications for this novel material were also introduced.


Because several micro‐organisms having close contact to animal hosts and man produce sialidase (EC 22.214.171.124) as a tool for adhesion and invasion, we investigated two Candida species for the presence of this enzyme. Two sensitive assays, a fluorometric test with 4‐methylumbelliferyl‐α‐d‐N‐acetylneuraminic acid and a radiometric test with 3H‐labelled sialyllactitol as sialidase substrates, were applied to detect sialidase activity. None of 40 Candida albicans and 10 C. glabrata strains grown in three different media exhibited sialidase activity, but the positive control Ophiostoma stenoceras produced sialidase under comparable conditions. Our surprising negative findings are divergent from an earlier positive report, which may be due to strain selection or bacterial contamination. These results indicate that sialidase is probably of no relevance in cutaneous or mucosal candidoses.


【In this work, a new 3-PSP type spatial 3-degree-of-freedom parallel mechanism is proposed. And a 6 DOF hybrid manipulator which consists of a 3-PPR type planar 3 DOF parallel mechanism and a new 3-PSP type spatial 3-degree-of-freedom parallel mechanism is proposed. Both 3 DOF mechanism modules have closed-form forward position solutions and particularly, 3-PSP spatial module has unique forward position solution. Firstly, the closed-form position analysis and first-order kinematic analysis for the proposed 3-PSP type module are carried out, and the first-order kinematic characteristics are examined via maximum singular value and the isotropic index of the mechanism. It is shown through these analyses that the mechanism has excellent isotrpic property throughout the workspace. Secondly, position and kinematic analysis of the 3-PPR planar module are briefly described. Thirdly, the forward position analysis for the 3-PPR 3-PSP type 6 degree-of-freedom hybrid mechanism consisting of a 3-PPR planar module and a 3-PSP spatial module is performed along with the analysis of the workspace size and first-order kinematic characteristics. The kinematic characteristics of the proposed hybrid manipulator are compared to those of geometrically similar Stewart manipulator.】


Abstract Sanders (1970) has recently attempted to analyze settlement pattern and demography at the Aztec capital, Tenochtitlan, on the assumption that an early map called the Maguey plan represents a part of the city. A careful analysis of the physical layout of the community shown on the map, and of several written and pictographic glosses added sometime after the original map was completed, supports the view that the Maguey plan actually shows an island settlement located in a region which had been expropriated by Tenochtitlan following that city's conquest of Azcapotzalco in the early fifteenth century.


The task of person re-identification is to retrieve images of a specific pedestrian among cross-camera person gallery captured in the wild. Previous approaches commonly concentrate on the whole person images and local pre-defined body parts, which are ineffective with diversity of person poses and occlusion. In order to alleviate the problem, researchers began to implement attention mechanisms to their model using local convolutions with limited fields. However, previous attention mechanisms focus on the local feature representations ignoring the exploration of global spatial relation knowledge. The global spatial relation knowledge contains clustering-like topological information which is helpful for overcoming the situation of diversity of person poses and occlusion. In this paper, we propose the Multiple Biological Granularities Network (MBGN) based on Global Spatial Relation Pixel Attention (GSRPA) taking the human body structure and global spatial relation pixels information into account. First, we design an adaptive adjustment algorithm (AABS) based on human body structure, which is complementary to our MBGN. Second, we propose a feature fusion strategy taking multiple biological granularities into account. Our strategy forces the model to learn diversity of person poses by balancing the local semantic human body parts and global spatial relations. Third, we propose the attention mechanism GSRPA. GSRPA enhances the weight of spatial relational pixels, which digs out the person topological information for overcoming occlusion problem. Extensive evaluations on the popular datasets Market-1501 and CUHK03 demonstrate the superiority of MBGN over the state-of-the-art methods.


is to be understood is the process of 'Europeanization'. And what is cosmopolitanism? The recognition of difference (individual or communal), accepted as equal, is key to their definitional work, and the authors stress how this distinguishes cosmopolitanism from universalism or nationalism; however, cosmopolitanism is also differentiated from the particularisms typical of postmodern thought owing to the former's normative character. Beck and Grande see Europe as the most promising cosmopolitan entity around. For them, it was always institutionally cosmopolitan from the moment the European Community came into being, but the task is to transform its 'deformed' cosmopolitanism into one more worthy of the name. The replacement of the technocratic mechanisms of self-interested actors with democratic ones is seen as vital, and Beck and Grande's four solutions are all political. First, we need to strengthen civil society based on universally shared constitutional norms. Second, we must invent post-national and post-parliamentary models of democracy (here the authors build on associative democracy). Third, practices of political integration have to be about acknowledging differences rather than erasing them. Fourth, the newly cosmopolitan Europe must look outward, becoming part of a global cosmopolitan security community (p. 228). To call this book ambitious would be an understatement. It is utopian in the best sense of the word, challenging us to reject tired ways of thinking and to imagine – but also to construct – a new future. It privileges the political over the economic in its analysis, and it rejects realist ideas about military power as outdated ('the strongest is no longer immune from attacks by the weakest' [p. 251] is one lesson from 11 September). It has a subtext which suggests that the American way of thinking is ready to be replaced by a European way 'that accords priority to the rule of law, political equality, social justice, cosmopolitan integration and solidarity' (p. 264). Europe, then, is seen as the foundation for a new form of global democracy. There is a single-mindedness to this book which is always carefully justified, and which allows for the development of a powerful thesis that will be highly influential throughout the social sciences over the next few years.


AbstractCarotenoid pigments of Penaeus schmitti were investigated and identified in the ovaries and hepatopancreas. Their individual variations were measured in these two organs. The relative concentrations of zeaxanthin in hepatopancreas and astaxan-thin in ovaries increased during the sexual development.The role of zeaxanthin monoester in carotenoids transfer from hepatopancreas to ovaries during this sexual development is discussed.ReumeAu cours de 'ovogenese chez Penaeus schmitti, les pigments carotenoides de 'ovaire et de 'hepatopancreas ont ete identifyes et les variations de leurs concentrations mesurees.Les proportions relatives des principaux pigments carotenoides evoluent fortement dans les deux organes. Dans 'hepatopancreas, 'ensemble des pigments diminue au profit de 'accumulation de la zeaxanthine monoester, qui une fois transferee vers 'ovaire par 'intermediaire de 'hemolymphe est transformee en astaxanthine, carotenoide plus oxygene, represente majoritairement par sa forme libre.Ainsi 'orig...


This paper considers a GI/M/1 queuing process with an associated linear cost-reward structure and stationary balking process, and, based on a probabilistic analysis of the system, it derives optimal joining rules for an individual arrival, as well as for the entire community of customers. For the infinite-horizon, average-reward criterion, it shows that, among all stationary policies, the optimal strategies are control-limit rules of the form: join if and only if the queue size is not greater than some specific number. However, it finds that, in general, exercising self-optimization does not optimize public good. Accordingly, the paper explores the idea of controlling the queue size by levying tolls-thus achieving the system's over-all-optimal economic performance. Finally, it analyzes a "competition" model in which customers face a service agency that is a profit-making organization, and shows it to be similar to the monopoly model of price theory.


In the present research was carried out a study and proposal of improvement to the business line "Extended Guarantee Appliances" of the Mapfre insurance´s Company in the branches of South America. Product that is part of the insurance portfolio, directed specifically to customers who buy electrical home appliances for particular use. This line of business from the beginning has marked an important index of growth in every unit or branches where the company makes a presence, however, in the monthly studies of the year 2012 and the analysis that made the South American Regional Management it was begun to show a decrease in the profitability, thus leads to an assessment of each branch of the company it was held in 2013, which managed to bring out different particular factors such as the lack of identification of markets, the conditions of the environment, the products offered by the manufacturers and the appliances which were affecting to some subsidiaries, as well, it allowed to clarify forms of work and tools differentiating in others branches. Units that without being the biggest were denoting to be cases of success, and they marked the rule to be followed for the standardization of a regional model, which was implemented at the end of 2013 in the branch of Brazil in the city of Sao Paulo as a pilot test; showing an economic profit for the company, through improving operational procedures and management to service providers.


Anemia is still the major nutritional problem among pregnant women in Southeast Asia. The objective of this study was to measure hemoglobin status and reduction of underweight in a group of pregnant women who received iron-fortified or nonfortified milk, and another group who received iron supplements (tablets) or placebo. The 44 women in the iron-fortified milk group received 15 mg of iron per day per 400 ml of milk, and 41 women received placebo. The 40 women in the iron supplement group received 60 mg of iron per day, and 43 women received nonfortified milk. During this intervention trial, all women were supervised from the 14th to the 18th week of gestation until delivery. Blood was sampled at 0, 5, 10, and 16 weeks of intervention. After the 16th week of intervention, the changes in hemoglobin (ΔHb) concentrations in both treatment groups (the iron-fortified milk and the iron tablet groups) were not significantly different (ΔHb: −0.5 ± 0.9 and −0.3 ± 0.9 g/L, respectively), but the changes were significantly greater in the nonfortified milk and placebo groups (ΔHb: −1.2 ± 0.9 and −1.1 ± 0.8 g/L, respectively; p < .01). The change in transferrin saturation (ΔTS) in the iron-fortified milk group (ΔTS: 3.4 ± 12.9%) was greater than that in the placebo and nonfortified milk groups (ΔTS: −10.1 ± 9.8% and −11.6 ± 10.7 %, respectively) (p < .01). The weight gain of the subjects during intervention did not differ significantly in the fortified and nonfortified milk groups (Δweight: 5.0 ± 2.0 and 5.8 ± 2.1 kg, respectively), but was higher than in the iron tablet group (Δweight: 4.6 ± 3.1 kg p < .05) and the placebo group (Δweight: 3.8 ± 2.5 kg; p < .001). Iron supplementation and fortification were seen to be effective in promoting weight gain in pregnant Vietnamese women. For women who are underweight, the administration of iron-fortified milk has additional benefits to those of supplementation, most likely due to additional energy and nutrient inputs.


Patient: Female, 46-year-old Final Diagnosis: Pure red cell aplasia (PRCA) undergoing ABO-incompatible kidney transplantation Symptoms: End-stage kidney disease (ESKD) with anemia Medication:— Clinical Procedure: — Specialty: Nephrology Objective: Rare disease Background: Pure red cell aplasia (PRCA) is an uncommon cause of anemia in end-stage kidney disease (ESKD). It is attributed to recombinant human erythropoietin (rHuEPO) administration. Although immunosuppression is the mainstay therapy, its effectiveness varies from 30% to 70%. PRCA in ESKD has been reported to improve following kidney transplantation. Case Report: A 46-year-old woman with ESKD secondary to lupus nephritis was treated for uremia at our center. She developed severe anemia. Bone marrow aspiration and biopsy revealed a reduction of erythroid precursors, consistent with PRCA. Because she had no sibling's blood group matched with her, ABO-incompatible kidney transplantation was an option for treatment. She underwent a desensitization protocol consisting of rituximab 375 mg/m2, tacrolimus, mycophenolate mofetil, and prednisolone 4 weeks before surgery, in addition to 3 sessions of double-filtration plasmapheresis (DFPP) every other day followed by intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) and 1 session of specific immunoadsorption (Glycosorb® B column) at pre-transplant day −1. She also received low-dose rabbit anti-thymocyte globulin (rATG) (Thymoglobulin®) (total 2.0 mg/kg). Maintenance therapy included tacrolimus, mycophenolate mofetil, and prednisolone. Allograft function normalized a few days after transplantation and her Hb gradually increased. Conclusions: We report a rare case of PRCA in a patient with ESKD undergoing ABO-incompatible kidney transplantation. The outcome was satisfactory, with complete correction of anemia and kidney function.


The third walking leg of Limulus has approximately 350 proprioceptor neurons found in 12 distinct organs. They are categorized as articular membrane receptors (9 organs), nerve receptors (2 organs) and tendon receptors (one organ). The articular membrane organs are present in one or more of the soft articular membranes of each walking leg joint except the tarsoclaw joint. These proprioceptors, as exemplified by the coxotrochanteral units, are large multipolar neurons with long, multiple branching dendrites ending among epidermal cells. The nerve proprioceptors are located near the femoropatellar and tarsoclaw articular membranes and appear as cell bodies in ganglion-like swellings of branches of the small leg nerve. The cells resemble the articular-membrane type in size and shape, but they may be bipolar and their peripheral endings are unknown. The tendon receptor organ is composed of a group of multipolar neurons embedded in a tendon with fixed ends. In addition the organ has two accessory muscles connected to the tendon close to the region where the sensory cells are located. This organ monitors movements and position of the trochanter and femur segments by means of unidirectional extension movement units and position units which differ by predominance of phasic or tonic response. Flexion inhibits the tonic response and is followed by recovery of the response at a lower frequency. All of these responses are probably mediated by the effects of the joint movements on tension changes in the accessory muscles. The presence of efferent innervation to the accessory muscles implies its function for efferent control of the receptor response.


Wicca has its roots in old, pre-Christian earth-based religions, Goddess traditions and witch-craft. At the core of Wiccan beliefs is the last line of the Wiccan Rede: 'An it harm none, do what thou will.' In other words, do whatever you please, as long as it does not harm anyone, including yourself. They also believe that what you do comes back to you three times as intensely. Wiccans also believe in reincarnation. They believe the soul goes to Summerland between death and rebirth, to reflect on the life that has just passed and to prepare (and wait) for the next.


The invention relates to a method for measuring the bending assist the film thickness of the wafer and the integrated measuring device (50). The device of the present invention monochromatic light source 52, white light source 100 and the white light source and a first switch 102 for switching between the monochromatic light source, the semiconductor from the switching light source of the wafer surface (54 and a plurality of optical head 56 to aim the light in different positions, and the first optical processor 104 for spectral processing the reflection light from the wafer, to process the reflected light to determine the degree of warp of the wafer on) for the first of the spectral processing and the monochromatic light is converted to reflection light from the wafer between the first optical processor and the second optical processor so that the bending also processed for measuring the second optical processor 58, and white light to determine the thickness of the film 2 an optical switch (106).


This paper presents a new method, i. e., pulsed speckle interferometry, in the measurement of high speed event. To measure the velocity of objects moving at a speed as high as 100 m/s, the single pulse ruby laser beam is divided into double pulses beam by a splitter and by an optical delay line.


The primary objective of this article is to see if and how attendance policy influences class attendance in undergraduate-level principles of macroeconomics classes. The second objective, which is related to the first, is to examine whether the nature of the attendance policy matters in terms of its impact on class attendance behavior. The results provide strong support that having an explicit attendance policy reduces absenteeism. The results relating to the nature of the attendance policy point to the greater effectiveness of a policy that punishes students for missing class rather than one that rewards students for good attendance.


Stimuli‐responsive shape‐transforming hydrogels have shown great potential toward various engineering applications including soft robotics and microfluidics. Despite significant progress in designing hydrogels with ever more sophisticated shape‐morphing behaviors, an ultimate goal yet to be fulfilled is programmable reversible shape transformation. It is reported here that transient structural anisotropy can be programmed into copolymer hydrogels of N‐isopropylacrylamide and stearyl acrylate. Structural anisotropy arises from the deformed hydrophobic domains of the stearyl groups after thermomechanical programming, which serves as a template for the reversible globule‐to‐coil transition of the poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide) chains. The structural anisotropy is transient and can be erased upon cooling. This allows repeated programming for reversible shape transformation, an unknown feature for the current hydrogels. The programmable reversible transformation is expected to greatly extend the technical scope for hydrogel‐based devices.


Liquid-based cytology (LBC) allows nucleic acid testing for human papillomavirus (HPV) and other sexually transmitted diseases on the same cervicovaginal sample. APTIMA Combo 2 (AC2) assay (Gen-Probe, San Diego, CA) to detect Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) and Neisseria gonorrhoeae (GC) in BD SurePath (SP) LBC samples (BD, Franklin, NJ) has slightly reduced sensitivity for CT, attributed to nucleic acid and protein …


We report on the magnetotransport properties of chemically synthesized magnetic artificial solids consisting of millimeter-size superlattices of CoFe nanoparticles (NPs) separated by a thin organic insulating layer. Electrical measurements highlight the richness of the interaction between transport and magnetic field in three-dimensional networks of magnetic NPs, especially in the Coulomb blockade regime: (i) Resistance-temperature characteristics follow $R={R}_{0}\text{ }\text{exp}\ensuremath{\lfloor}{({T}_{0}/T)}^{1/2}\ensuremath{\rfloor}$, as generally observed in NP arrays displaying charge or structural disorder. (ii) Low-temperature current-voltage characteristics scale according to $I\ensuremath{\propto}{[(V\ensuremath{-}{V}_{\text{T}})/{V}_{\text{T}}]}^{\ensuremath{\zeta}}$ with $\ensuremath{\zeta}$ ranging from 3.5 to 5.2. For a sample with a very large size distribution of NPs, a reduced exponent down to $\ensuremath{\zeta}=1$ is found, the origin of which remains unclear. (iii) A large high-field magnetoresistance displaying a strong voltage dependence and a scaling versus the magnetic field/temperature ratio is observed in a limited temperature range (1.8\char21{}10 K). The most likely interpretation is related to the presence of paramagnetic centers at the surface or between the NPs. (iv) Below 1.8 K, concomitantly to the collapse of this high-field MR, a low field inverse tunneling magnetoresistance grows up with a moderate amplitude not exceeding 1%. (v) Below a critical temperature of 1.8 K, abrupt and hysteretic transitions between two well-defined conduction modes\char22{}a Coulomb blockade regime and a conductive regime\char22{}can be triggered by the temperature, electric, and magnetic fields. Huge resistance transitions and magnetoresistance with amplitude as high as a factor 30 have been observed in this regime. We propose that these transport features may be related to collective effects in the Coulomb blockade regime resulting from the strong capacitive coupling between NPs. They may correspond to the soliton avalanches predicted by Sverdlov et al. [Phys. Rev. B 64, 041302 (R), 2001] or could also be interpreted as a true phase transition between a Coulomb glass phase to a liquid phase of electrons. The origin of the coupling between magnetic field and transport in this regime is still an open question.


Abstract Objective The Healthy Food and Drink Policy was implemented in Western Australian government schools in 2007. The aim of the present study was to assess the compliance of Western Australian school canteen menus with the policy a decade after its introduction. Design The traffic-light system that underpins the Healthy Food and Drink Policy categorises foods and drinks into three groups: 'green' healthy items, 'amber' items that should be selected carefully and 'red' items that lack nutritional value. Canteen menus were collected online and each menu item was coded as a green, amber or red choice. Setting Western Australia. Participants Online canteen menus from 136 primary and secondary government schools. Results The majority of audited school menus met policy requirements to include ≥60 % green items (84 %) and ≤40 % amber items (90 %), but only 52 % completely excluded red items. Overall, approximately half (48 %) of school canteen menus met all three traffic-light targets. On average, 70 % of the menu items were green, 28 % were amber and 2 % were red. Primary-school canteen menus were more likely than those from secondary schools to meet the requirements of the policy. Conclusions While the sampled Western Australian government school canteen menus were highly compliant with most of the requirements of the Healthy Food and Drink Policy, many offered red foods and/or drinks. Providing all schools with further education about identifying red items and offering additional services to secondary schools may help improve compliance rates.


Introduction The increasing problem of atmospheric pollution by various N-containing compounds, such as NO, N2O, NO2 and NH3, has resulted in stricter regulations on their emissions. Many chemical processes use ammonia as a reactant or produce ammonia as a byproduct (e.g. nitrogen fertilizer production, urea manufacturing, HDN, DeNOx process). The selective catalytic oxidation (SCO) of ammonia to nitrogen, according to the reaction given below, is one of the most promising methods for the removal of NH3 from oxygen containing waste gases. 4 NH3 + 3 O2 = 2 N2 + 6 H2O N2O and NO are the main by-products of this process. Therefore, the effective SCO catalysts should operate at a relatively low temperature range and additionally should selectively direct the reaction to formation of nitrogen. Our previous studies have shown that hydrotalcite-like materials are very interesting precursors of catalysts for various reactions, including also the SCO process [1, 2]. These studies [1] have shown that the SCO process proceeds according to the Internal Selective Catalytic Reduction mechanism (i-SCR), which consists of the following steps: (i) part of ammonia is oxidized to NO: 4 NH3 + 5 O2 = 4 NO + 6 H2O (ii) unreacted NH3 reduces NO formed in stage (i): 4 NH3 +4 NO + O2 = 4 N2 + 6 H2O Taking into account both reaction steps it could be concluded that effective catalysts of the SCO process should be active in ammonia oxidation (i) as well as in selective reduction of NO with ammonia (ii). The distribution of N-containing reaction products should be strongly dependent on the relative activities of the catalyst in both reactions (i and ii). The studies are focused on development of active and selective bi-functional catalysts for the SCO process. Selected noble metals (Pt, Pd, Rh) play a role of components active in the oxidation of ammonia into NO, while mixed metal oxides containing cooper and iron were used as components active in the reduction of NO with ammonia.


:The article centers on the following questions: the concept and characters of E-signature; the suitable scope of E-signature; the legal effect of E-signature; the certificate of E-signature. In the end, the authors put forward several suggestions that make Chinese E-signature law.


Abstract An empirical analysis of the relationship between "objectively assessed need" and the formation of NGOs in Andhra Pradesh, India, suggests that the former is not a significant trigger for the latter. The formation of NGOs appears to be a response to perceptions of need that are so far removed from the local level that they fail to prioritize amongst levels and locations of poverty. In the absence of objective feedback mechanisms, the global—and therefore indiscriminate—perspective of international funding sources may help explain the lack of correspondence between need and NGO location, combined with the inevitably limited and blinkered knowledge of regional disparities that can be obtained through local NGOs. This preliminary "epistemological" approach to the question of the sub-optimal formation of NGOs is buttressed by consideration of the factors that may bring perception, reality, and organizational responses into better alignment when natural disasters occur, namely the factors that make natural disasters compelling news stories, unlike chronic underdevelopment.


BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Microscopic colitis is a relatively common cause of chronic diarrhea and may be linked to luminal factors. Given the essential role of the microbiome in human gut health, analysis of microbiome changes associated with microscopic colitis could provide insights into the development of the disease. METHODS We enrolled patients who underwent colonoscopy for diarrhea. An experienced pathologist classified patients as having microscopic colitis (n=52) or controls (n=153). Research biopsies were taken from the ascending and descending colon, and the microbiome was characterized with Illumina sequencing. We analyzed the associations between microscopic colitis and microbiome with a series of increasingly complex models adjusted for a range of demographic and health factors. RESULTS We found that alpha-diversity was significantly lower in microscopic colitis cases compared to controls in the descending colon microbiome. In the descending colon, a series of models that adjusted for an increasing number of co-variates found taxa significantly associated with microscopic colitis, including Proteobacteria that was enriched in cases and Collinsella enriched in controls. While the alpha-diversity and taxa were not significantly associated with microscopic colitis in the ascending colon microbiome, the inference p-values based on ascending and descending microbiomes were highly correlated. CONCLUSION Our study demonstrates an altered microbiome in microscopic colitis cases compared to controls. Because both the cases and controls had diarrhea, we have identified candidate taxa that could be mechanistically responsible for the development of microscopic colitis independent of changes to the microbial community caused by diarrhea. Significance of this study What is already known about this subject? Microscopic colitis is a common cause of chronic diarrhea. The exact etiology of microscopic colitis is unknown, but the gut microbiome is considered to play an important role. Prior studies have reported microbial changes associated with microscopic colitis, but the results are not consistent. Prior studies have generally involved small numbers of patients, fecal samples, and comparison to healthy controls. What are the new findings? The microbiome was altered in microscopic colitis patients. Microscopic colitis was associated with lower alpha-diversity, increase of inflammation related taxa and decrease of Collinsella in the descending colon microbiome independent of diarrhea status. The changes of microbial features were consistent between ascending and descending colon microbiomes, but with smaller changes in the ascending colon microbiome. How might it impact on clinical practice in the foreseeable future? The altered microbial communities in patients with microscopic colitis suggest that the patients might benefit from prevention or treatment with live biotherapeutic products.


In late summer 1932, University of Heidelberg statistician E.J. Gumbel was dismissed from his academic post and lost his "right to teach" at any German university for "conduct unbefitting his position" as a professor. (1) His offense: suggesting, in a public speech, that the most appropriate symbol for World War I memorials was the turnip, the principal source of nourishment in Germany during the wartime famine of 1917-18. To Gumbel, the turnip evoked the suffering of German civilians and soldiers like no other symbol because it served as a reminder of the horrific famine and poverty of the latter war years. He objected to conventional monuments which routinely displayed neo-classical virginal figures holding victory symbols because these romanticized war and belied the suffering of millions of Germans as a consequence of the Great War. Gumbel's dismissal resulted, in part, from a nationally-orchestrated campaign by fight-wing students to remove him from the Heidelberg faculty. (2) Their success in achieving that objective accelerated the Nazi campaign to purge German universities of all professors deemed incompatible with the goals of the coming National Socialist State. Historians have treated the witch-hunt against Gumbel as one of the best examples of the politicization of German universities during the 1920s and early 1930s. Gumbel was a radical pacifist, a progressive socialist, and a secular Jew, and as such he became an ideal target for opponents of the Weimar Republic and the democratization of Germany's universities. On four different occasions while he served as a member of Heidelberg's Arts and Humanities Faculty, Gumbel found himself the focal point of external political controversies that resulted in University disciplinary hearings, formal reprimands, and increasing enmity from his colleagues. For nearly a decade, anti-republican student organizations manipulated faculty distrust of Gumbel to fuel their campaign for his removal from the Heidelberg faculty. This campaign enabled student opponents to advance both their own opposition to the Weimar Republic and the anti-republican agenda of parent parties, especially the National Socialist German Workers Party. In this highly charged and politically polarized atmosphere, Gumbel's colleagues concluded that his journalistic work on behalf of the German Peace Cartel and the German League for Human Rights (3) violated the University's long-standing apolitical intellectual traditions and customs. (4) They strongly questioned whether his political activism in support of a pacifist agenda--the democratization of the Weimar Republic, the establishment of social and economic equity, opposition to political violence, and rejection of the military policies of the Weimar Republic--was compatible with the impartiality expected of German scholars. As members of university faculties, such scholars were civil servants employed by the state and subject to state guidelines. Moreover, Gumbel's peers feared that student unrest centering on Gumbel would continually disrupt the University's ability to conduct classes if he were not removed from his academic post. Was Gumbel acting irresponsibly as a scholar and academic lecturer in his efforts to be a responsible citizen of the new German Republic, as many of his colleagues believed? Did his political writings violate the long-standing, but tacit professional commitment among German professors to serve the interests of the state and the people of Germany by means of impartial scholarship? Was Gumbel's political journalism too provocative and, hence, incompatible with preserving an atmosphere of order and civility within the university? What moved Gumbel, no stranger to academic traditions, to attempt to bridge the gap between elitist scholarship and mass politics after World War I? What moved his political opponents to seek his destruction by campaigning to remove him from the Heidelberg faculty and to revoke his right to teach at any Germany university? …


Abstract In this study, the effect of drying methods (hot-air and infrared (IR)) and precooking process on spinach-enriched lasagna pasta was investigated. Combination of precooking and IR drying process ended in a lasagna pasta with a shorter optimal cooking time (about 10.60 times) and higher water absorption (about 1.34 times) compared with samples produced with the conventional hot-air drying. Also, precooking and IR drying method had a significant effect on the color of final samples; according to the results of sensory evaluation, application of precooking-IR drying process resulted in a lasagna pasta with better color. X-ray diffractometry (XRD) results showed that the crystal structures of the non-precooked samples were completely different from the precooked ones. These findings were confirmed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images. Texture evaluation indicated that the drying methods influenced the hardness of products; in precooking-IR dried lasagna pasta, the hardness was 1.85 times higher than those produced with the conventional hot-air drying. Precooking the samples and drying them with IR improved the retention of phenolic compounds during cooking about 2.75 times higher than conventional samples. From a sensory point of view, the highest score of overall desirability was related to precooked lasagna pasta processed with IR dryer.


The statistical behavior of the similarity score for unrelated DNA sequences calculated as letter-by-letter comparison or from various forms of optimal alignment was studied. It was found that natural DNA-sequences from a data base and true random sequences show the same statistical behavior in terms of such scores. This makes it possible to adopt a simple criterion for the rejection of fortuitous similarity. It is based on the mean and standard deviation of chance scores whose expected values, depending on chain length, gap penalty and probability of letter coincidence, may be calculated from formulae given in the paper. INTRODUCTION Similarity between or within sequences suggests evolutionary kinship or structural symmetry (in the form of palindromes and the like), but it may also be a fortuitous outcome of the comparison of unrelated sequences. A strict distinction between significant and accidental similarity is logically impossible, but one may derive statistical boundaries beyond which a similarity is extremely unlikely to have occured by chance. This is the purpose of the present paper. The proposed mathematical model of accidental similarity is a random sequence generated by independent random selection for each position of a letter from a specified alphabet. The attention will be focussed on nucleic acid sequences, i. e. sequences made from four letters (A,C,G,T) with individual frequency not far from 25 %. By comparison with sequences selected at random from a data base of published sequences it will be shown that within our context a random sequence is an acceptable model of the statistical behavior of natural sequences. )IRL Press Limited, Oxford, England. 5529 Nucleic Acids Research The similarity of sequences will be measured as degree of coincidence between letters, an often used though somewhat limited indicator of homology". The degree of coincidence depends on the matching rule according to which the sequences are aligned. There are two classes of rules: fixed and optimal alignment. Fixed alignment does not depend on the concrete sequence, it is determined, as it were, before the letters are drawn; whereas an optimal alignment takes the concrete sequences into account and maximizes the degree of coincidence. An example of fixed alignment is when two equally long sequences are compared letter by letter, whereas an optimal alignment may be calculated with the help of the well-known Needleman-Wunsch algorithm /1/ or some of its variants /2-6/, which results in the maximum number of coincident letters for the particular sequences subject to certain weighting rules and penalty scores. Both types of matching rules lead to a different statistical situation, because the fixed alignment may be described by the binomial distribution, whereas optimization leads to complex conditional probabilities. In this paper we attempt to develop an uniform statistical rule for both cases and to avoid some of the difficulties of previous investigators. The idea is to calculate for a given pair of sequences how many units of standard deviations their similarity score is away from its expected mean. Dayhoff and coll. /7,8/ have applied this method to amino acid sequences. They estimate expected means and standard deviations from a set of random permutations of the given sequences. Evolution, however, does not scramble sequences, but works with base replacements and deletions or insertions, a more plaubsible model of which would be random sampling from an infinite reservoir of letters drawn with constant probability. In the scrambling method the initial frequency of letters, a random variable, may already differ considerably from its mean value, and it may further fluctuate during the concrete sampling. In long sequences the error so introduced may be negligible, but in short and medium length sequences, as occuring often in practice, the permutation sampling may give totally wrong predictions of the random process.


In order to rationalize the enterprise logisics based on supply chain management, enterprise should implement a JIT lean and flexible logistics strategy, raise an integrated strategy including vertical integration which is formed by the combination of supplier and customer's ownership, horizontal integration which is composed of a common understanding within the whole industry of among different industries, and logistics network. Meanwhile a new mode of the enterprise logistics management should also be established so as to understand customer 's expectation and their evaluation for the products, attain the cooperation among divisions and the communication among enterprises.


The recent article by Charles R Watson, Human infestation with bird mites in Wollongong, 1 may lead to confusion and inappropriate diagnoses in relation to the particular mites actually or potentially involved. The author states in the Abstract that, 'If bird mite infestation is not correctly diagnosed, families who attempt to repeatedly treat it as if it were lice or scabies may incur considerable expense until the source of infestation is eliminated.' This statement is indeed correct, however, the author failed to diagnose the bird mite species in his infestation, stating that the mite was 'most probably from the genus Ornithonyssus.' Fortunately in this circumstance, the mite problem was readily apparent and easily controlled. However, often this is not the case and identification to the species level is critical to ensure that the above scenario of possible inappropriate treatment does not occur. For example, at least two mites from the genus Ornithonyssus, O. bursa (the 'tropical fowl mite', but often called the 'starling mite') and O. bacoti (the 'tropical rat mite', or simply the 'rat mite') bite humans 2 and can occur in Australian homes, yet their habits and ecology are very different and the misidentification (or non-identification) of the species can lead to incorrect treatments and failure to control the pest. To base an identification and to provide control advice on the basis of an assumption is clearly scientifically inappropriate. Another bird mite, O. sylviarum (the 'northern fowl mite'), also occurs in parts of Australia in association with commensal birds (e.g. starlings, mynahs, pigeons) and, although not particularly different from O. bursa in its impact on humans, it likewise must be distinguished from the rodent-associated O. bacoti for appropriate management of the infestation. The author mentions that '…bird mite infestation…[is a] relatively uncommon cause of bites in humans', although he notes that many pharmacists in the area of Wollongong are aware of bird mites causing a problem. In fact, bird mites are a commonly treated pest in many Australian cities. Indeed, O. bursa is the second most commonly submitted specimen to the Institute of Clinical Pathology and Medical Research Department of Medical Entomology, the only National Association of Testing Authorities accredited laboratory for the identification of arthropods of medical importance in Australia. During the past five years, our Department received over 150 separate samples containing O. bursa, and the clinical notes with the specimens usually indicated that bites on …


The mitochondrial DNA was obtained in sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus by conventional PCR and Long-PCR amplification,and the mitochondrial genome sequence was sequenced using shotgun sequencing and sequence assembly.The general features of the Holothuroidea mitochondrial genomes were evaluated by comparison of mitochondrial genomes in Cucumaria miniata,Parastichopus nigripunctatus,Holothuria forskali and another A.japonicus.The mitochondrial genomes of three species(A.japonicus,P.nigripunctatus and H.forskali in Order Aspidochirotida) had same gene arrangement and consistent with that observed in the studied sea urchins.Compared with the echinoderm ground pattern,the traslocation was observed in six tRNAs in mitochondrial genomes of C.miniata in Order Dendrochirotida.Gene variation analysis of Holothuroidea mitochondrial genes revealed that cox1 had the minimal proportion of polymorphic loci(29.46%).There were higher proportion of polymorphic loci and longer length in nad2,nad4 and nad5 genes,resulting in largest number polymorphic sites in those genes.Therefore,nad2,nad4 and nad5 genes can be used as supplementary molecular markers to cox1 gene,providing a reference for the conservation of Holothuroidea biological diversity and rational use of the biological resources.


(un)lobelichen êren " : Authority, Gender, and the Cause of Siegfried's Death in the Nibelungenlied" (2014). Germanic and Slavic Languages and Literatures Graduate Theses & Dissertations. Paper 2.


The domain of Aspect Level Sentiment Classification, in which the sentiment toward a given aspect is analyzed, attracts much attention in NLP. Recently, the state-of-the-art Aspect Level Sentiment Classification methods are devised by using the Graph Convolutional Networks to deal with both the semantics and the syntax of the sentence. Generally, the parsing of syntactic structure inevitably incorporates irrelevant information toward the aspect. Besides, the syntactic and semantic alignment and uniformity that contribute to the sentiment delivery is currently neglected during processing. In this work, a Triplet Contrastive Learning Network is developed to coordinate the syntactic information and the semantic information. To start with, the aspect-oriented sub-tree is constructed to replace the syntactic adjacency matrix. Further, a sentence-level contrastive learning scheme is proposed to highlight the features of sentiment words. Based on The Triple Contrastive Learning, the syntactic information and the semantic information are thoroughly interacted and coordinated whilst the global semantics and syntax can be exploited. Extensive experiments are performed on three benchmark datasets and achieve accuracies (BERT-based) of 87.40, 82.80, 77.55 on Rest14, Lap14, and Twitter datasets, which demonstrate that our approach achieves state-of-the-art results in Aspect Level Sentiment Classification task.


In the past time, it is believed that commercial coalbed methane gas exists only in medium-high rank coal and low rank coal is not worth of exploration with its low gas reserves. But the cognition has changed now, some coalbed methane gas fields have already been found in low rank coal basin, such as Powder River basin and Surat basin. In these basins, the thickness of coalbed is big and the gas saturation is high, it is favorable to coalbed methane enrichment. From the character of coalbed methane, we can find that coalbed methane was mainly composed of biogenic gas. In this paper, we carry out our coalbed methane enrichment experiments using low rank coal sampled from the Northwest china. Our experiment results testify that the existence of commercial biogenic gas in northwest coal basin is really possible and it is favorable for exploration in basins with high coalbed-thickness and high resource concentration.


A pre and post survey will be administered to students prior to counseling appointment, and at conclusion of counseling appointment.


The title amide (II) adds to the vinyl ethers (I) to yield the corresponding adducts (III) by reaction of the vinyl group of (I).


The main purpose of the textbook is to acquaint students and engineers with the principles of design and construction of buildings and structures in seismic areas.
The tutorial sets out the basic principles of design and construction of frame, large-panel buildings, buildings with load-bearing walls made of small-piece stones and large blocks, buildings made of local materials, frameless buildings made of monolithic reinforced concrete. The design requirements for buildings in earthquake-prone areas are described, and the main requirements for the production of works and implementation of anti-seismic measures during construction are outlined. Architectural, construction, design and technological aspects of construction in seismic areas are revealed.
Meets the requirements of Federal state educational standards of higher education of the latest generation.
It is intended for students studying in the areas of training 08.03.01 and 08.04.01 "Construction" in the following disciplines: "Design, construction and operation of buildings in seismic areas", "Theory and design of buildings and structures in seismic areas".


In my diploma a wooden family house of rectangular ground plan with sides of 12.47 metres and 7.10 metres is designed. In vertical direction, its own weight and imposed loads were taken into account, as well as snow and wind load. Load analysis was done using Slovenian national code SIST EN 1991-1. The roofing is made of wooden truss members. To undertake loads in each floor, cross laminated timber plates are used. In the area with glass surfaces, wooden beams transmit vertical forces via wooden columns on the surrounding wall panels. The house is located in seismically active area. In the calculations the horizontal seismic forces are taken into account according to the national code SIST EN 1998. Seismic force is taken over by frame-panel walls. Internal forces due to static loads in the load-bearing elements of the building are calculated with a computer software SAP 2000, while a seismic model of the building is calculated with a Tower 6 model builder software.


TiO 2 is well known as a prototype photocatalyst for water dissociation. To understand the mechanism of its photocatalytic water dissociation we performed first-principles calculations. We find that the surface of the catalytically favorable (TiO) termination is very different from the physically favorable (oxygen) termination. The calculated surface energy of the catalytically favorable (TiO) termination is about 10 times larger than that of the physically favorable (oxygen) termination. Analysis of the surface band structure suggests that while O-vacancies are intrinsic active sites for water dissociation into H 2 and O 2 gas, they are not essential for photocatalytic water dissociation. We also find that carbon impurities decrease the band-gap of TiO 2 , in agreement with previously reported experimental results. Moreover, we identify the origin of the arcane "double band gap" in carbon doped TiO 2 . The two onsets seen in the photoabsorption spectrum result from excitations from two of three C p-states within the band gap, not from domains of different composition.


On the basis of the investigation on urban landscape and suburban forests in Hefei city,the ornamental fruit plants and its important role in maintaining species diversity of Hefei city were studied in this paper.The results revealed that 93 species of ornamental fruit plants,belonged to 74 genera in 39 families were recorded,in which 26 species were common used in landscape and 40 species were native plants with the potential application in landscape.It also showed that urban biodiversity would be greatly increased when the ornamental fruit trees were used better in landscape design.


In this paper we give provable sieving algorithms for the Shortest Vector Problem (SVP) and the Closest Vector Problem (CVP) on lattices in $\ell_p$ norm for $1\leq p\leq\infty$. The running time we get is better than existing provable sieving algorithms, except the Discrete Gaussian based algorithm by Aggarwal et al.[2015], but this algorithm works only for the Euclidean norm. We build on the randomized sieving framework of Ajtai, Kumar and Sivakumar [2001,2002], where they used a sieving sub-routine that runs in time quadratic in the number of sampled vectors. We give a new sieving procedure that works for all $\ell_p$ norm and runs in time linear in the number of sampled vectors. The main idea is to divide the space (hypersphere) into regions (hypercubes) such that each vector can be mapped efficiently to a region. This is an extension of the sieving technique in Aggarwal and Mukhopadhyay[2018], where it has been used only for the $\ell_{\infty}$ norm. This improves the time complexity of the overall algorithm as compared to previous analyses of AKS algorithm in $\ell_p$ norm [Blomer and Naewe(2009),Arvind and Joglekar(2008)]. In the $\ell_2$ norm, using the birthday paradox we achieve a time complexity of $2^{2.49n+o(n)}$, as compared to the time complexity of $2^{2.571n+o(n)}$ of AKS (using birthday paradox) [Hanrot et al.(2011)]. We further modify our linear sieving technique and introduce a mixed sieving procedure. At first a point is mapped to a hypercube within a sphere (as done in linear sieve) and then within each hypercube we perform a quadratic sieve like AKS. This helps us achieve a time complexity of $2^{2.25n+o(n)}$ in $\ell_2$ norm, which is better than the time complexity of List Sieve Birthday ($2^{2.465n+o(n)}$) [Pujol and Stehle(2009),Hanrot et al.(2011)]. We also adopt our techniques for approximation algorithms of the above problems.


Each single sign language word consists of four visual elements: shape,location,movement and orientation.Discrepancies in these four elements lead to the different expression of various natural sign languages.In addition,these discrepancies are influenced by the frequency of utilization in sign language words.This study analyzed the video data of sign language expression for 195 common words used by seven deaf college students in western region.The study found that there existed convergence of natural sign language expression for the common words most frequently used.Especially the discrepancies of shape and location decreased significantly as the increase of word frequency.


New 3D metrology and new possibilities of modern measuring equipment allows observing in more details the process of metal surface layer deformation by rough surface of roll. The article covers the question of the change in the void volume of steel sheet rough layer at different section levels of rough layer by roll with different surface roughness.


The diffractive photoproduction of $J/\Psi$ on a nucleon, is mostly due to gluonic exchanges at all $\sqrt{s}$. In holographic QCD (large number of colors and strong $^\prime$t Hooft coupling), these exchanges are captured by gravitons near threshold, and their Reggeized Pomeron form asymptotically. We revisit our holographic analysis of the A and D gravitational form factors in light of the new lattice data, and use them to refine our predictions for the photoproduction of $J/\Psi$ near threshold, and the comparison to the GlueX data. We use these results to estimate the scalar and mass radii of the nucleon, and describe the gravitational pressure and shear across a nucleon.


Objective To evaluate the relationship between the position shift of posterior chamber in traocular lenses (PC IOLs) in physical condition and the amplitude of pseudoaccommodation in eyes after pacoemulcification.Methods This study analyzed 46 eyes of 46 patients after cataract surgery and PC IOLs implantation 3 months after surgery. The position shift of the IOL and radius of pupil were measured by anterior segment imaging system with different diopter spectacle plus. Pseudoaccommodation amplitude was also calculated. The relationship among pseudoaccommodation.IOL movement and pupil radius was analyzed. Results There were 78.26%(36/46 ) patients whose near visual acuity with best distance correction ≥ Jr5.With negative spectacles, IOLs moved forwards, with positive spectacles, IOLs moved backwards. The mean ACD decrease was (0.26±0.09 ) mm when plus with different spectacles, the change of pupil radius was (0.58±0.28 ) mm.The mean pseudoaccommodation amplitude (diopters) was ( 1.08±0.71 )D, The correlation between pseudoaccommodation and anterior movement of the IOL was significant (r =0.8267, P<0.01 ), the correlation between pseudoaccommodation and the change of pupil radius was significant too (r =0.6724, P<0.01 ).Conclusion The movement of PC IOLs in eyes after cataract surgery is an important mechanism for attaining good near vision without additional correction, constriction of pupil also account for part of the pseudoaccommadation.

Key words:
Cataract;  Accommodation;  Oular;  Lenses ; intraocula


[Objective] To investigate effects of fermentation time on the contents of two main toxic ingredients including fatty oil and total protein in Lingba Junzhi(LBJZ,a croton product fermented by Ganoderma lucidum(Curtis:Fr.) P.Karst.).[Method] By using gravimetric analysis and coomassie brilliant blue G-250 staining method,the contents of fatty oil and total protein in LBJZ fermented at day 0,12,16,20,23,26,29 and 32 were determined and compared,respectively.After methyl esterification,the principal components of fatty oils were further analyzed quantitively and qualitatively by GC-MS whose relative contents in percentage were determined with area normalization method.[Result] The contents of fatty oil and total protein in LBJZ were all decreased on the whole with prolonging the fermentation time.The contents of total protein and the fatty oil were respectively lowered to the lowest level from day 12 to 32 and from day 23 to 32 of fermentation,and retained at a rather stable level.42 chemical compounds in total were isolated and identified from fatty oils by GC-MS during the whole fermentation,among which 11 compounds' relative contents were more than 1.0%.Compared with the first 0-day fermentation,contents of 6 compounds increased while 5 compounds decreased on the 32nd of fermentation,and at least 8 new substances were formed.[Conclusion] The optimal fermentation time of LBJZ was around 23 to 26 days.


Recent evidence suggests that presynaptic-acting NMDA receptors (preNMDARs) are important for neocortical synaptic transmission and plasticity. We found that unique properties of the Nr3a subunit enable preNMDARs to enhance spontaneous and evoked glutamate release and that Nr3a is required for spike timing–dependent long-term depression in the juvenile mouse visual cortex. In the mature cortex, Nr2b-containing preNMDARs enhanced neurotransmission in the absence of magnesium, indicating that presynaptic NMDARs may function under depolarizing conditions throughout life. Our findings indicate


Short-cut modeling was performed for atm. and vacuum refinery distn. columns in order to retrofit their design, and the results were compared to such obtained by rigorous simulations. Both models were reliable to assess the possible operation efficiency of distn. columns. [on SciFinder(R)]


This invention relates to the preparation of certain organic compounds and more particularly to an improved method for the manufacture of 2,4,6-trichloroaniline. Trichloroaniline is particularly important as a Chemical internediate in the manufacture of many benzene derivatives and other organic compounds. For instance, 2,4,6-trichloroaniline is an important precursor of 1,3,5-trichloroben Zene. The latter has been extensively studied and developed for use in the field of insecticides and fungicides. It in turn is a precursor of trichloro dinitrobenzene, which is especially important in combatting crop diseases and is an intermediate for dyestuffs. These various intermediates and the final prod lucts prepared therefrom are presently exorbi tantly high in cost. This is because of the great difficulty encountered in their manufacture. The important material, 2,4,6-trichloroaniline, has been nearly impossible to obtain, in the high de gree of purity necessary for its further processing, by any method which is commercially practical, and yields are generally very low. The usual commercial method is to treat aniline with con centrated hydrohalide acid and then to chlorinate the resulting aniline hydrohalide, particularly the chloride, with the equivalent amount of chlorine, whereby the 2,4,6-trichloroaniline is produced. Without the acid treatment step, the chlorination of aniline gives the desired product in yields of 10 per cent or less. Following pro cedures satisfactory for the corresponding 2,4,6tribromoaniline is not practical, for by such methods yields of less than about 60 per cent are realized. In addition, gross contamination of the product is often encountered, and the entire process obviously suffers from extreme disadvan tages. The product is too impure to use for diazotization, for example, for coupling reactions to dyestuff intermediates without purification, e.g. recrystallization. This results in further loss in yield. It is among the objects of this invention to overcome these and other disadvantages of prior art procedures. A particular object is to provide a relatively simple and inexpensive method for making 2,4,6-trichloroanilines of notably in creased purity and in markedly higher yields A Specific object is to synthesize high purity 2,4,6-trichloroaniline in yields substantially greater than 90 per cent of theory. The above and other objects are realized by the present invention, which broadly comprises dis 5


When the rectangular air cavity sonar baffle is applied to the direction estimation of vector hydrophone uniform linear array, the performance of the direction estimation algorithm based on the reflection coefficient of the baffle is degraded due to the unknown reflection coefficient, In order to reduce the influence of the reflection coefficient of the baffle on the azimuth estimation results, the training set and the test set are obtained under the condition of considering the vibration and sound structure coupling of the steel plate layer of the rectangular air cavity baffle, Through the training and testing of the network, it is proved that the machine learning algorithm can solve the azimuth estimation problem of the vector hydrophone array based on the baffle when the frequency of the incoming wave is unknown, and obtain better performance than the algorithm based on the reflection coefficient of the baffle.


Background:  The arginine‐degrading enzyme, arginine deiminase conjugated to polyethylene glycol (ADI‐SS PEG 20 000 mw), reduces extracellular arginine, has minimal toxicity, decreases tumor burden and improves liver function in patients with chronic hepatitis C virus infection (HCV) and inoperable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Reduced extracellular arginine inhibits viral replication through unknown mechanisms. It is hypothesized that ADI‐SS PEG 20 000 mw reduces HCV viral titers through nitric oxide (NO)‐dependent effects.


SummaryThe behaviour of two clones of Williams' Bon Chretien pear was compared when grafted on to Quince A rootstocks. One clone made strong unions with Quince A ; the other made weak unions and produced smaller trees than the compatible clone. Various graft combinations of the compatible and incompatible clones of Williams' and of Beurre Hardy pear provided evidence that the structural weakness of the pear/quince unions was not caused by virus infection, and that the unions between the compatible Williams' and Quince A were as good as those between the compatible pear variety Beurre Hardy and Quince A.The compatible Williams' was infected with vein yellows and bark necrosis viruses; these have now been eliminated by a combination of heat treatment and propagation of young shoot tips. This healthy material will be available for distribution to commercial propagators if the crop yields of this clone are satisfactory.


Take barrel structure-the foundation of a raft as an example, situations of varying with construction course of subsiding against strength, foundation etc. after provide and consider that acts on together. Charging example true simulation to produce construction load and top structure change of rigidity in the course among them.


This study aims to determine the successful implementation of "opera" management information system at Hotel Indigo Seminyak Bali is to analyze whether there is a positive influence on the quality of information, quality system, and user satisfaction on the impact of the organization on the Hotel. Indigo Seminyak Bali. The population of this study is all employees of Hotel Indigo Seminyak Bali who use the system "opera" itself. This research uses quantitative data analysis and literature study. In this study using questionnaires distributed on 52 respondents with predetermined criteria. The results of this study were tested by validity test, reliability test, classical assumption test which includes normality test, heteroskedastisiitas test, multicolinearity test and linear different test and hypothesis test which include F test, t test
The results obtained after the test is the quality of Information has a positive and significant impact on the organizational impact of 0.216 which means the better the quality of information, the better the impact on the organization, quality system has a positive and significant impact on employee organization impact of 0.317 means the better quality system, the better the impact on the organization, and user satisfaction has a positive and significant impact on employee organization Impact of 0.469 which means the better of the consumer attitudes, also the better the impact on the organization.
Keywords: Information Quality, System Quality, User Satisfaction, Organizational Impact


[Objective]To understand the current status of endemic fluorosis in Shouguang City and to provide evidence for disease control and prevention in the future.[Methods]Water fluoride and the prevalence of fluorosis were investigated in Shouguang City from June,2006 to August,2007.[Results]A total of 554 water-improvement projects were investigated.Among them,66.96% of the projects have been used for over 15 years.The content of water fluoride was 0.14-3.67 mg/L.136 drinking water sources(24.55%) contained high fluoride content(1 mg/L),distributed in 7 towns/streets covering 122 195 residents,including 40 middle-endemic districts and 96 low-endemic districts.In the villages using water sources with fluoride content ≥1.6 mg/L,1 982 children among 4 500 investigated children(44.04%) were identified as suffering dental fluorosis,including 577 extremely mild,980 mild,302 intermediate,and 123 serious cases.The index of dental fluorosis was 0.92.36 802 residents aged 16 years and over in 5 high fluoride towns were examined for bone fluorosis.700 subjects were determined as bone fluorosis patients(mild) with the prevalence rate of 1.90%.[Conclusion]There are considerable water-improvement and defluoridation projects in Shouguang containing high fluoride content.The dental fluorosis and bone fluorosis are still damaging the health of population.


The enthalpies of mixing for the PbCl_2-NaCl-BaCl_2 ternary molten salt mix-
tures have been measured along four iso-α_(PbCl_2) lines by using a SETARAM calorimeter at
873 K. The results show that the molar enthalpy of mixing between iso-α(PbCl_2) liquid binary
subsystems PbCl_2-NaCl and PbCl_2-BaCl_2 is near zero, i. e., approximately fitting the partial
ideal solution model.


The present invention relates to an automatic auto-folding type portable telephone capable of opening and closing the folder, in particular, the conventional opening and closing speed of the automatic folder consumers because so determined constant correctly or slow closing speed variation as the voltage of the drive voltage constant motor drive voltage variation in the folder automatic folding type portable telephone that can take different from the opening and closing speed of the by having Dara vary the fluctuation of the driving voltage supplied to the dissatisfaction of the user's will be generated by failed to satisfy this requirement in the case of hoping It relates to a circuit.


POLLUTION control, to be successful, must have a scientific and technological base. Before a river, stream or lake can be cleaned up, a knowledge about its biota, temperature and biochemical oxygen demands are essential. Similarly, the air we breathe cannot be purified until a knowledge of maximum permissible limits of pollutants such as sulphur oxide, carbon dioxide or particulates are available. The determination of the scope and nature of water and air pollutants involve little or no scientific controversy, but the decision regarding the nature of the environment that deserves constitutional protection and the extent and limits of controlling or abating these pollutants run into some political conflicts. 1 In Illinois these conflicts took various forms and it is the purpose of this article to review their dimension and magnitude.


The invention discloses a water dispersible capsicum redness microcapsule and the method to manufacture. The wall material of the microcapsule is water dispersible high molecular material and the core material is capsicum redness, whose particle diameter is 30-100um. The process includes the following steps: manufacturing wall material and core material, emulsifying equal material and spraying equal material. The feature is the determination of the parameter of emulsifying equal material and spraying equal material. The invention is simple technology, and is suited for industry manufacturing.


Recent experiments on human red cell adenosine deaminase indicate that reactive sulphydryl ( 4 H ) groups in enzyme proteins may be conveniently studied by starch gel electrophoresis (Hopkinson & Harris, 1969). The general method is simple and involves preliminary treatment of the enzyme with one or other of several Merent specific thiol reagents followed by gel electrophoresis and comparison of the electrophoretic properties of the treated enzyme with the properties of freshly prepared untreated enzyme. In the case of adenosine deaminase for example each isozyme contains a free -SH group which is capable of reacting with disulphides to form mixed disulphides, with alkylating agents to form stable alkylation products and with organic mercurial compounds to form mercaptides. With each of these reagents the reaction product is found to exhibit a characteristic electrophoretic mobility which is either the same as the untreated enzyme when the added moiety is neutral, or faster-moving towards the anode when the added moiety is acidic or slower than the untreated enzyme when the added moiety is basic. Although no differences have been observed in the -SH group reactions of the isozymes determined by the common adenosine deaminase alleles (ADA1 and ADA2) the method appears to be potentially useful for the detection of genetically determined alterations in -SH group reactivity of other enzyme proteins such as structural gene mutations which lead to the acquisition or loss of cysteine residues. In order to test this notion the effects of the various thiol reagents which were found to be useful in the investigation of the adenosine deaminase isozymes have been examined on the peptidase isozymes characteristic of the rare peptidase A variant Pep A 5-1 (genotype Pep Al Pep As). This variant of peptidase A is of special interest since previous studies (Lewis, Corney & Harris, 1968) indicate that the variant polypeptide subunit determined by the Pep AS allele differs from the subunit determined by the Pep Al allele by the substitution of a cysteine residue.


R-f oscillations are investigated in neon-filled plasma diodes. The ion density is varied by means of an auxiliary discharge. The results are compared with calculations of Zollweg and Gottlieb. It is shown that there is a reasonable agreement between experimental results and calculations. (auth)


1. This note gives an asymptotic evaluation of an integral of the form as n tends to infinity, where is a sequence of real-valued functions. The theorem to be established is a natural extension of B. Levi's generalised Laplace-Darboux theorem (1, 341-51); it gives a rule for evaluating a wider class of asymptotic integrals.


In this paper, 1-Transistor DRAM cell has designed using the Carbon Nano-tube Field Effect Transistors (CNTFETs). Simulation of 1T DRAM cells using the Synopsys EDA tool (HSPICE) in 32nm technology analysis in terms of leakage current, leakage power, dynamic power dissipation, and average power has been done. And, also comparison has taken with 3T DRAM using CNTFET Transistor and shown 1TDRAM cells has advantaged over 3T DRAM cells, the size of 1TDRAM cells also reduce very much compare to other DRAM cells due to using of less number of transistor which is looking for the future requirement. Keywords— Carbon Nano-tube FET (CNTFET), Three-transistor (3T),One-transistor(1T),dynamic random access memory(DRAM), n-type CNT.


Circuit training is widely implemented as a method of resistance activity related to weight loss. The use of active rest or not is shown as possible responsible for an overload of the energy system, making the training model more or less suitable for weight reduction. The present study aimed to evaluate the influence of the use of active or passive resting in the body composition of adults performing circuit training. The volunteers were divided into two groups (active rest, GDA, and passive rest, GDP) who performed the training protocol for a period of two months. Body mass index (BMI), central adiposity index (IAC), waist height ratio (RCA) and subcutaneous fat levels were evaluated. In both groups there was a significant reduction in body composition parameters in the pre and post training. However, in the verification between groups, no significant difference was observed between active and passive rest in the body composition of adults.


Identity-Based Cryptography (IBC) was originally introduced by A. Shamir in 1984 in a signature scheme. IBC was first applied in the encryption and decryption of messages in the Boneh and Franklin model presented in 2001, which forms the basis of our design. In this model, the system has to undergo private key refreshment procedure as part of the key management, which requires multiple control packets that increase the communication overhead. In this paper, we propose Enhanced Identity-Base Cryptography (EIBC), an efficient key management mechanism that minimizes control packets communications. Furthermore, we elucidate how EIBC can be employed in multicast group key managements. We present analysis to show that EIBC simultaneously achieves a high level of system security while handling system key management in an efficiently manner. EIBC can be utilized and implemented in various platforms, e.g., in our efficient authentication and key management schemes for Smart Grid networks.


Discusses a high speed off-line defect compensation scheme for trained multi-layer neural networks implemented in WSI devices. Since the partial retraining scheme utilizes the redundancy of neural networks, no additional circuits are needed. The performance of the partial retraining scheme is compared with that of a back-propagation algorithm on a face image recognition problem.


With the rapid growth of informal employment, social security issues are increasingly concerned by the community. Based on the analysis of the three major risks which informal sector workers face , The realistic and sustainable social security policy, including the current design of a living, job security and pensions in the future, is designed for promoting the healthy development of Informal employment.