A method for increasing a structure size of essential parts in a depth of a semiconductor substrate (6) formed on the main structures (131) through a main structures (131) in the depth of the semiconductor substrate (6) widening etching process, wherein - the semiconductor substrate (6) made of a crystalline material having a crystal lattice with more and less etch resistant crystal faces and - the main structures (131) on a surface of the semiconductor substrate (6) formed in alternation with each substantially in a near-surface portion of the semiconductor substrate (6) each side structures (132) are arranged in a checkerboard pattern in a rectangular surface grid (14), - characterized, in that provided x, y-axes of the grid surface (14) parallel to the less etch-resistant crystal faces and - - located by a selective etching process area below the side structures (132) portions of the semiconductor substrate (6) for the formation of extended main structures (131) are made available.


- Transmission lines are the important factor of the power system. Transmission and distribution lines has good contribution in the generating unit and consumers to obtain the continuity of electric supply. Now a day in the transmission lines are ON/OFF are the major and important part in the power system. And also maintenance of the transmission line is also important part in transmission line. In the earlier system for the fault like overloading of the transmission line AB switches are used. The main disadvantage of old AB switch, is they can only operate manually. It requires man power and it has less reliability so, we are introducing automatic AB switch for the protection of overhead line against overload fault it is operated by PLC system. This AB switch can have operated remotely and no man power required on the fault location. It is more reliable and efficient than the old AB switches. The electric power system and advance devices has become a very complicated system because of re-structuring and the penetration of distributed generation and storage. In this system the automation link is made possible between the detection and the solution of problem in minimum amount of time.


Abstract Taking the form of an annotated interview with performance artist Kira O'Reilly, and responding to her recent work Untitled (Syncope) (April 2007) from both performer and spectator perspectives, this article seeks to explore questions surrounding the potentially 'traumatic' reception of her work and the body practices she engages with. One of O'Reilly's central concerns is 'how to have a body now', how one might constitute that body in performance and how that interacts with the other bodies in the space. From this starting point, the article explores how we might perform, receive and make apparent the traumatic or traumatized body, which, for Peggy Phelan at least, is how we might come to 'own' and recognize ourselves (Phelan 1997: 18). The article explores two related theses: first, that the performed/performative wound can make manifest traumatic experience and that this might be viewed as an uncanny pleasure, similar to the way Barthes fetishizes the wound of the photographic punctum. Second, that this traumatic appearance might be identified as constituting the performer's and spectators' bodies within a given performance moment.


In this article the authors define and describe culturally responsive teaching (CRT) in college and university courses. Whereas, the Latino population in our K-12 schools has grown rapidly, we have not seen such growth in the population of Latino students in our postsecondary schools. It is the authors' position that CRT can be a tool in helping Latinos students be more successful in traditionally White dominated colleges and universities.


The present invention, foam retention is sufficient, the required safety and taste as a food, providing an effervescent beverage containing foam retention agent and 該泡 retaining agent such as flavor also satisfactory. In particular, the present invention is black tea, green tea, oolong, Amachazuru tea, Mate tea, Pu-erh tea, barley tea, pearl barley tea, brown rice tea, paper tea in a conventional manner from the Houttuynia cordata tea, other tea leaves, water and / or made from tea leaves extract obtained by extracting components containing much catechins using a solvent such as ethanol, foam-retaining agent for foaming beverage; characterized in that it contains the well 該泡 holding agents, foaming, foam retention excellent sex, foam density is high, an effervescent beverage to produce fine bubbles.


In this paper, we investigate an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) enabled wireless powered communication network, where the UAV with constant power supply first charges all users by transmitting wireless energy to all users simultaneously, and after that all users send their own information to the UAV. Our target is the joint optimization of the time allocation as well as the position of the UAV to make the uplink sum achievable rate for all users as large as possible. To solve this non-convex problem, we first derive the analytic optimal solution of the time allocation, which is expressed as the function of UAV position. The original problem, after substituting the derived optimal time allocation, is reformulated as a new optimization problem whose optimization variable is only UAV position. We propose a sequential unconstrained convex minimization-based algorithm to obtain the globally optimal solution. The simulation results demonstrate that the performance of our proposed algorithm matches with that obtained by two-dimensional exhaustive search. To decrease the complexity, a Dinkelbach-based algorithm to obtain the locally optimal solution is also proposed. The simulation results show that the performances of our proposed two algorithms are superior to the schemes without time allocation optimization and/or position optimization.


Background and purpose:  Anticipatory postural adjustments (APAs), prior to step initiation, are bradykinetic in advanced Parkinson's disease (PD) and may be one of the factors associated with 'start hesitation'. However, little is known about APAs in the early stage of PD. In this study, we determined whether body‐worn accelerometers could be used to characterize step initiation deficits in subjects with early‐to‐moderate, untreated PD.


The straightforward synthesis of four novel 2',3'-dideoxy-6',6'-difluoro-3'-azanucleosides 1a-d is described. Efficient constriction Of the fluorine-containing pyrrolidine ring through two different ways and installation of pyrimidine rings using the amino groups in the intermediates 12, 26 were the key steps of our synthesis. (c) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.


Raman spectroscopic signal processing method according to the present embodiment comprises the steps of obtaining a Raman spectroscopy of the first resolution by irradiating a target sample with broadband excitation light, calculating a Raman spectroscopy signal corresponding to the Raman spectroscopy of the first resolution, Deconvoluting the Raman optical signal to calculate a signal corresponding to the Raman spectroscopy of a second resolution higher than the first resolution.


With the advent of technologies in computer, many technological solutions have been implemented for visually impaired so that they can utilize them, and get benefited by them. Considering it as a key idea we have built a desktop application that will help blind people to send and read emails as ordinary people do. In this research paper we describe the VMAIL system architecture for Python platform that can be used by a Blind Person to access e-mails easily. The application uses 'text to speech' and voice recognizer to facilitate sending, reading, emails using a computer. Internet has become one of the basic amenities for day-to-day living. Every human being is widely accessing the knowledge and information through internet. However, blind people face difficulties in accessing these text materials, also in using any service provided through internet. The advancement in computer based accessible systems has opened up many avenues for the visually impaired across the globe in a wide way. Audio feedback based virtual environment like, the screen readers have helped Blind people to access internet applications immensely. We describe the Voicemail system architecture that can be used by a Blind person to access e-Mails easily and efficiently


Abstract Six experiments are reported involving 218 Southdown-Romney cross ewe and wether lambs slaughtered at either 15 weeks or 9 months of age, and 136 Romney wethers slaughtered at 16 months of age. The tenderness of the meat of these animals was assessed with a mechanical tenderometer on duplicate samples of the cooked longissimus dorsi muscle of the left side. Differences in tenderness attributable to sire and pasture type were considered. Although sire effects were not consistently significant, the moderately repeatable ranking of sire groups in two consecutive years suggests that selection for tenderness in sheep would be effective. Pasture effects, however, were neither significant nor repeatable. All experiments were characterised by the large proportion of residual variation (83%, 98%, and 72% in Experiments 1, 2, and 3, for example) after a number of correction factors had been applied. This was attributed mainly to variations between animals in the way in which they reacted to treatment immed...


Abstract Mixed gastrointestinal helminthoses, which combines Toxocara canis, Trichuris (T.) vulpis, Toxascaris leoninа, Uncinaria stenocephala, Ancylostoma caninum, and Dipylidium caninum in various combinations, are very common pets' problems worldwide. It is unlikely necessary to choose between 100 % efficiency and for the patient's body to heal the infected animals safely. The present work aims to develop an affordable scheme for adult dogs' deworming, which will create a minimum load on the body due to the low drugs' toxicity. Mixed breed dogs, 1—5 years old, representing both sexes, spontaneously infected with T. vulpis (100 % prevalence) in combination with other gastrointestinal helminths (from 12.7 to 45.1 %) were selected for study. Regimens combining Caniquantel® Plus (fenbendazole + praziquantel) and fenbendazole with a 24-hour interval were tested. After a single treatment of experimental animals with Caniquantel® Plus, no helminth eggs were detected in their faeces after three days, except for T. vulpis. Seven days after the start of the experiment, the intensity of infection of this nematode decreased by only 22.0 % (P < 0.001). Bodies and fragments of dead helminths were found in faeces 1—4 days after de-worming, with T. vulpis isolated only in 2 days in small quantities (4.54 ± 0.21 specimens per 100 g of faeces). Two-stage deworming with Caniquantel® Plus and fenbendazole after 24 hours resulted in 100 % efficiency against eggs of all parasites after five days. Helminths' bodies stopped excreting after four days, and T. vulpis was detected within three days in substantive quantities (from 10.03 ± 0.45 to 36.8 ± 1.2 specimens per 100 g of faeces).


Yunxi folk songs reflect a distinct view of morality which eulogizes truth,kindness and beauty and castigate falseness,ugliness and evil.The folk songs persuade people to have filial piety to their parents,to get along well with family members,to be kind to neighbors and to take a correct path in one's life.


A new cognitive radar waveform design strategy is outlined to counter the velocity deception jamming based on adaptive initial phases. The kernel is to adapt the Doppler spectrum of radar echo with jamming power suppressed in some stopbands, where the true targets exist. Meanwhile, a multi-channel processing trick with different integral multiple pulse repetition interval (PRI) delay is employed to estimate the parameters of true and false targets, especially the lagged PRI number of DRFM repeat-back jammer which fakes the false targets. Simulation results of the jamming suppression and multi-channel processing-based parameter cognition demonstrate the effectiveness and feasibility of our proposed scheme.


Structure composition and working principle of hydraulic driven downhole twin-screw pump are firstly introduced, and the calculation method of work and structure parameters when downhole twin-screw pump and turbine motor operate is given, and dynamic measuring process when ground power pump, turbine motor and downhole twin-screw pump coordinate is also given. The given calculation process which is derived after sufficiently considering working principle and structure features of the pump, is instructive to the design of this kind of downhole twin-screw pump, and also provides technical support for series design of hydraulic driven downhole twin-screw pump in the future.


Key polynomials are characters of Demazure modules for the general linear group that generalize the Schur polynomials. We prove a nonsymmetric generalization of Monk's rule by giving a cancellation-free, multiplicity-free formula for the key polynomial expansion of the product of an arbitrary key polynomial with a degree one key polynomial.


Government policy sets the number of years of schooling needed to attain educational credentials such as a high school diploma. We exploit a policy change in China to estimate the impact of this policy choice on schooling decisions and labor supply. The policy extended the length of primary school by one year and was rolled out gradually across China over 25 years. We show this has reallocated 850 billion person-hours from labor to schooling to date, as the vast majority of affected individuals chose to earn a credential despite the additional year in school this required. A key contribution of our paper is to estimate the returns to an additional year of schooling while holding highest credential constant. We find the year generates a two percent gain in monthly income, with somewhat higher returns for China's disadvantaged. This is much smaller than most estimates which do not separate the returns to additional schooling from those to earning a credential. We show that the policy, while redistributive, has generated a likely net loss of tens of billions of dollars. We interpret these results through a model of signaling and human capital accumulation and conclude that a high signaling value of earning a credential, also known as "credentialism," plays a crucial role in household schooling decisions and in the returns to schooling in modern China. ⇤Eble (corresponding author): Department of Economics, Brown University. 64 Waterman Street, Providence, RI 02912. Email: firstname.lastname@example.com; Hu: Dongling School of Economics and Management, University of Science and Technology Beijing, 30 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, China 100083. Email: firstname.lastname@example.com. We would like to thank Andrew Foster, Emily Oster, and John Tyler for extensive feedback and guidance, and Alexei Abrahams, Anna Aizer, Dionissi Aliprantis, Marianna Battaglia, Natalie Bau, Nate Baum-Snow, Ken Chay, Andrew Elzinga, John Friedman, David Glancy, Nate Hilger, Rob Jensen, Melanie Khamis, Eoin McGuirk, Bryce Millett-Steinberg, Sri Nagavarupu, Gareth Olds, Anja Sautmann, Rajiv Sethi, Jesse Shapiro, Zach Sullivan, Felipe Valencia, and seminar participants at APPAM, Brown, Cornell, NEUDC, SOLE, and Wesleyan for helpful suggestions. Eble gratefully acknowledges support from the United States National Science Foundation through a Graduate Research Fellowship and an IGERT Fellowship, and financial and computing resources from the Brown University PSTC. Hu acknowledges financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (71373002, 71133003, 71420107023). All remaining errors are our own. JEL codes: I25, I26, J24, O15.


Shuangtaihekou Wetland is typical estuarine wetland in the north of China. In order to understand the current health status of the ecosystem in Shuangtaihekou Wetland, Pressure-state-response assessment model is adopted and analytic hierarchy process is used to carry out a comprehensive assessment of it. The assessment results show that the ecosystem health index of the wetland is 0.646, indicating a sub-health level. In general, 25.9 % of the entire ecosystem in the region is in excellent health; 21.4 % of it is healthy; 19.6 % of it is in sub-health state; 15.3 % of it is in morbid state and 17.8 % of it is in severe condition. So all in all, Shuangtaihekou Wetland is in a sub-health condition.


We present surface x-ray-diffraction results from Pb films grown on pretreated Si(111) substrates at $110\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{K}$. Time-resolved data show that the films follow a metastable layer-by-layer growth mode. The resulting film roughness is small, allowing for a thickness-dependent study of the film layer structure and its distortion (strain) relative to the bulk. The strain arises as a result of quantum confinement of the electrons in the film, which leads to charge distortions similar to Friedel oscillations. The charge distortions in turn lead to lattice distortions, for which two models are derived based on a free-electron gas confined to a quantum well. Extended x-ray-reflectivity data show evidence of quasibilayer distortions in the film, which are well described by the free-electron models. Oscillations in the relaxations of the Pb layers closest to the film boundaries as a function of thickness are also observed. Calculations of the net expansion or contraction of the films as a function of thickness are made that also exhibit quasibilayer variations and are consistent with the results of previous studies.


Aiming at the wide distribution and large number of IoT terminals, but the lack of specialized scanning tools for vulnerability investigation, this paper has developed vulnerability detection tools for many common types of IoT terminals. This tool greatly shortens the manual investigation time and reduces the difficulty of self-checking the network security vulnerability of the IoT terminal.


Objective:To observe effect of square dance exercises on symptom scores in menopausal women with coronary heart disease(CHD).Methods:A total of 39 menopausal CHD patients participated in square dance exercises,exercise intensity was 47.2%HRmax~58.1%HRmax(60~120 min/d),5~7 times/week,three months,and they were regard as dance group.Control group consisted of 42 CHD women of same age living in the same district,who didn′t take part in exercise.After enrollment,these two groups received assessments of Seattle angina questionnaire(SAQ) and frequent physical and mental symptoms of menopausal women self-rating scale(Kupperman self-rating scale) within3d and after three months.Results:There were no significant difference in score of each item and total score of SAQ in first assessment between two groups(P0.05 all).Compared with first assessment and control group after three months,there were significant increase in scores of most items and total score of SAQ [(66.40± 15.16) scores vs.(67.18±13.93) scores vs.(85.15±16.30) scores ] in dance exercises group,P0.01~0.05.There were no significant difference in score of each item and total score of Kupperman scale in first assessment between two groups(P0.05 all).Compared with first assessment and control group after three months,there were significant decrease in scores of most items and total score of Kupperman scale [(29.40±6.51) scores vs.(29.73± 6.26) scores vs.(23.65±6.29) scores ] in dance exercises group,P0.01~0.05.Conclusion:Square dance exercises may significantly decrease angina pectoris symptom and menopausal physical and mental symptoms in menopausal women with coronary heart disease.


Background: The objective of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to examine the reliability of isokinetic measurements of hip strength in flexion and extension in healthy subjects and athletes. Methods: The databases used were Web of Science, SCOPUS, Medline and PubMed. R was used for all statistical analyses. Results: Hip flexion shows moderate reliability in the supine position (ICC = 0.72; 95% CI: 0.46–0.99) and good reliability in the standing position (ICC = 0.79; 95% CI: 0.54–1.04). Hip extension shows excellent reliability in the supine position (ICC = 0.90; 95% CI: 0.85–0.96) and moderate reliability in the standing position (ICC = 0.72; 95% CI: 0.48–0.96). Flexion of 120°/s and 180°/s showed excellent reliability (ICC = 0.93; 95% CI: 0.85–1.00), (ICC = 0.96; 95% CI: 0.92–1.01). The 60°/s and 120°/s extension showed good reliability (ICC = 0.90; 95% CI: 0.82–0.98), (ICC = 0.87; 95% CI: 0.75–0.99). The 180°/s extension presented excellent reliability (ICC = 0.93; 95% CI: 0.82–1.03). Conclusions: The standing position shows good reliability for hip flexion and the supine position shows excellent reliability for hip extension, both movements have excellent reliability at velocities between 120°/s to 180°/s.


In exploring the multidisciplinary development of urban morphology as a field of knowledge in Brazil, this paper is an outgrowth from an earlier contribution to this journal. The main aspects considered are the antecedents of urban morphology in the colonial era and early decades of independence; the pioneering work of sociologists and historians in the inter-war period; the influence of modernist thinking; the contribution of urban design courses; and the significance of the ISUF Conference held in Ouro Preto in 2007. The main characteristics and methodological foundations of studies produced in the fields of geography, architecture and urbanism are considered. The breadth of urban morphology and the challenge of stimulating further research are underlined.


Two versions of the singly resonant parametric oscillator (OPO) are investi- gated, synchronously pumped by microsecond pulse trains of a feedback controlled Nd:glass laser. The first setup utilizing a LiNbO crystal generates narrow-band, sub-ps pulses with tuning range 1 .35 - 2. 1 1 pm and 5 % conversion efficiency. The second OPO-system applies a BBO specimen and a novel double pass pump geometry with partial group delay compensation. Broadly tunable pulses are generated in the wavelength range 0.7 - 1.8 pm with duration between 160 and 260 fs and energy conversion of 3 %. Steep pulse wings are observed with l/e decay time of 90 fs. Under special conditions parametric pulses as short as 65 7 fs are obtained.


Carbon nanodots can be obtained in good yields by direct combustion of an abundant waste from the wine industry, wine lees. The extraction of these nanoparticles followed by their chemical functionalization lead to an ink-jettable material emitting in the visible region (blue) under specific UV irradiation.


We present a simple approximate analytical estimate for self-energy of a charge in the middle of cylindrical channel of a high permittivity epsilon_1 in a media of a low permittivity epsilon_2 (for the cases of infinitely long and comparatively short channels) and show that this estimate is in a good quantitative agreement with exact solution of Poisson equation. Further, using these estimates, we explain the observed a lower conductivity, caused by an increased the self-free-energy for ions, whose diameter is by ~1 angstrom less than that of the channel (as compared to ions, whose diameter is equal to that of the channel).


The spatial features of development of the system of settling apart are analysed inUkraineas environments of forming of labour potential. Outlined signs of city and rural networks of settlements, which determinant development of labour potential. Attention is accented on the necessity of activation of development of small and middle cities, which will help to work out concrete problems from overcoming of spatial disproportions of development of the labour potential state.


Aerobrake design for the Mars Environmental Survey (MESUR) vehicles is considered which is intended for both a nominal entry velocity of 7 km/sec and a high-speed case of 9 km/sec. Topics discussed include the entry environment, the thermal protection requirements for several types of heat shield materials, the structural design of the aeroshell, and the total aerobrake masses and mass fractions. For the nominal 7 km/sec entry, a silicone elastometric charring ablator, SLA-561, was found to be the lightest heat shield material. For the 7 km/sec entry, the mass fraction of the aerobrake was 13.2 percent. For the 9 km/sec entry, the heat shield consisted of the medium-density ablator AVCOAT-5026; SLA-561 was used on part of the conical skirt. The aerobrake mass fraction in this case was 18 percent. It is recommended that separate aerobrakes be designed for probes entering at 7 and 9 km/sec.


This study is part of a larger project that involves the documentation of Shupamem, discussed in Nchare (2012), in terms of its grammar, its lexicon, and its oral traditions (e.g., folktales, songs, history and religious texts). It is designed to challenge what has been seen as a universal model of language and thought rooted in Western linguistic patterns by explaining how certain political, economic, and sociocultural practices of Grassfields Bantu communities in Cameroon transpire in various communicative practices and linguistic expressions.


JOURNAL, we publish an important supplement sponsored by the Association for European Paediatric Cardiology. It contains the first updating of the European Paediatric Cardiac Code, published initially in the supplement which accompanied our last issue of 1999.1 Since this initial publication, the code has been used increasingly within Europe, and its use is gradually spreading world-wide. The increasing experience has brought to life some deficiencies in the initial listings, and these, along with other suggestions, have been discussed by the Coding Committee of the Association and, where considered appropriate, incorporated into the new version. Perhaps more importantly, the short list of the Code has now been cross-mapped to the codification that was produced almost simultaneously by the Society of Thoracic Surgeons, working with the European Association of Cardiothoracic Surgery.2 It was unfortunate, in many ways, that these two systems were produced separately and almost simultaneously, the more so since the European Association of Cardiothoracic Surgery also collaborated directly with the Association for European Paediatric Cardiology in the production of the European Paediatric Code. Despite obvious differences, the two systems have much more in common. It was agreed at the meeting held at the World Congress in Toronto, and summarised in these pages,3 that the first step in unifying them would be to cross-map their short lists. This has now been achieved. This step, in itself, represents a major step in the move towards, eventually, producing a code and nomenclature which will achieve universal approval. As with the initial publication of the code,1 our supplement also contains explanatory articles reporting the activities of the Coding Committee,4 the changes made to the Long List,5 and a brief explanation of the steps involved in cross-mapping.6 The explanations relating to the Long List are published only in the Supplement. We have deemed the report from the Coding Committee sufficiently importance to be reproduced also within the body of the Journal itself. This article is then accompanied within the Journal by a report describing the background and progress made by the International Nomenclature Committee. This article is authored by the Executive group of the international committee, this group itself having coordinated the majority of the cross-mapping of the lists.7 The time and energy needed to cross-map these lists should not be underestimated. We all owe a huge debt, therefore, to Rodney Franklin, Marie Béland, Christo Tchernenkov, and Jeff Jacobs. They have worked over and above the call of duty to link together the two systems. In their article,7 they give an account of the steps involved in moving towards the current state of rapprochement between the approaches of the groups responsible for producing, on the one hand, the European code and, on the other hand, the surgical system. Attempts to achieve a universally acceptable nomenclature and system of coding for congenital cardiac malformations are far from new. Lodewyk Van Mierop, in the late 1970s, expended much energy in seeking to unify the approaches extant at that time, and came within a hair's breadth of success.8 We have continued to advance since that time, and the cross-mapping of the two short lists now represents solid and demonstrable progress. It is also encouraging to know that the team involved with cross-mapping is becoming much more representative of paediatric cardiology throughout the World. The structure of the committee responsible for the developments is also becoming much more transparent and democratic, as described in the article by Béland and her colleagues.7 We should thank all those who attended the recent meeting in Montreal for giving up their valuable time to move the process forward. We are also indebted to our Canadian colleagues, who attracted a significant amount of sponsorship to support the meeting. Although significant progress has been made, there is a huge amount still to be done if we are to meet the goal of unifying the long lists by the time of the next World Congress, scheduled to be held in Buenos Aires in 2005. As viewed from my chair, time slips by with ever increasing speed. It is no secret that I have great personal interest in the production of the ideal system for describing the various congenital malformations of the heart, as does my good friend and colleague, Richard Van Praagh (Fig. 1). Béland and her associates comment, in their article,7 on our own contributions to the summit held in Toronto. It has been the cogent criticisms of Van Praagh and his co-workers which have led to the refinements of our own approach to nomenclature, in particular their emphasis of the principle of analysis which they dubbed the "Morphological Method".9 At an early stage of our investigations, I was greatly Cardiol Young 2002; 12: 421–423 © Greenwich Medical Media Ltd. ISSN 1047-9511


Denoising is a fundamental task in hyperspectral image (HSI) processing that can improve the performance of classification, unmixing, and other subsequent applications. In an HSI, there is a large amount of local and global redundancy in its spatial domain that can be used to preserve the details and texture. In addition, the correlation of the spectral domain is another valuable property that can be utilized to obtain good results. Therefore, in this paper, we proposed a novel HSI denoising scheme that exploits composite spatial-spectral information using a nonlocal technique (NLT). First, a specific way to extract patches is employed to mine the spatial-spectral knowledge effectively. Next, a framework with composite regularization models is used to implement the denoising. A number of HSI data sets are used in our evaluation experiments and the results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm outperforms other state-of-the-art HSI denoising methods.


This article raises an important and seldom discussed question for those who design and implement developmental assessment centers (DACs): Are the dimensions traditionally assessed in managerial assessment centers also the most appropriate for DACs? Dimensions in DACs are often borrowed directly from traditional assessment centers, with little consideration of whether, to what extent, or how development can be expected to take place. In this article, we explain the necessity of considering development, and we discuss the importance of both objective and perceived developability. We further discuss the concept of a continuum of developability and offer recommendations for DAC researchers and for practitioners seeking to determine the appropriateness of dimensions for DAC programs.


A by-product of the Human Genome Project is the development of a wide array of genetic tests for treatable and untreatable inheritable conditions. The ethical implications of testing for children are especially difficult as parents' presumed right to know may be in direct conflict with the child's privacy, and family interests may appear to conflict with the best interests of the child. As part of a larger project on the ethical implications of the human genome project, we are developing a curriculum to assist primary care pediatricians to respond to families' questions about genetic testing. Here we analyzed arguments for and against genetic testing as presented in the pediatric, human genetics and health policy literature. The following criteria were selected as most important in determining whether a particular test is justifiable: age of patient, age of onset of disease, reliability of test, availability of treatment, benefits and burdens of treatment to patient and family.


The Stratospheric Observatory for Infrared Astronomy (SOFIA) uses three CCD cameras with different optics for target acquisition and tracking. The Wide Field Imager (WFI with 68 mm optics) and the Fine Field Imager (FFI with 254 mm optics) are mounted on the telescope front ring and are therefore exposed to stratospheric conditions in flight. The Focal Plane Imager (FPI) receives the visible light from the 2.5 meter telescope and is mounted inside the pressurized aircraft cabin at ca. 20°C. It is planned to replace all three imagers' CCD sensors with commercial Andor iXon cameras to significantly increase the sensitivity allowing for tracking on fainter stars. Andor cameras were temporarily mounted on the FPI flange as stand-alone systems to optically measure the telescope's pointing stability and the performance of various telescope sub-systems during engineering flights. Three DU-888 cameras will now be integrated in SOFIA's telescope system, so their image data can be used for target acquisition and tracking. To replace the WFI and FFI, the cameras will also need to be tested under stratospheric conditions, to ensure that they can be operated safely and without degradation of performance. In this paper we will report about the results of the environmental tests with the cameras, the integration of the camera in the SOFIA tracker and the current status of the upgrade project.


This article carries on static loading test on cored slab-beam bridge damaged,and obtains changing trend of the critical surface deflection,concrete stress,and crack in relevantly weak position,and comprehensively evaluates the decline rate of bridge bearing capacity and stress performance under normal operation condition by combining with on-spot detection condition,which has provided important basis for bridge maintenance and reinforcement.


Macroscopic quantum superposition is an important embodiment of the core of the quantum theory. The engineering of macroscopic quantum superposition states is the key to quantum communication and quantum computation. Thus, we present a theoretical proposal to engineer macroscopic quantum superposition (MQS) states of a Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) via impurity atoms. We firstly propose a deterministic generation scheme of transient multi-component MQS states of the BEC via impurity catalysing. It is found that the structure of the generated transient multi-component MQS states can be manipulated by the impurity number parity. Then, we illustrate the influence of impurity number parity on MQS states through three aspects: generation of approximately orthogonal continuous-variable cat states, manipulation of non-classicality in phase space, and switching of non-classical degree of BEC states. The influence of the BEC decoherence on the generation of MQS states is discussed by the fidelity between actually generated states and target states. Finally, the results show that the high-fidelity multi-component MQS states of the BEC can be fast generated by increasing the coherent interaction strength between impurities and the BEC in an open system.


For the purpose of developing most clearly the dimensions of the adjustments ahead, concentration upon the overall measures of economic activity was considered best. So we present: (1) the trend of economic activity during the war period; (2) the distribution of the product as between the government, private business, and con? sumers ; (3) the present status of the labor force and the national product; and (4) the requirement for a reasonably satisfactory level of employment after the war. In this treatment the variety of adjustments necessary will not be discussed even in their broad aspects. Attention will be centered on the main problem of finding what it means to sustain a volume of economic activity of the size required when one speaks of "reasonably full employment". It will be apparent that, just as it will require a positive program to maintain peace after this war, so will it be necessary to take positive measures to encourage the attainment of a high level of domestic activity. This must be a major objective once the peace has been won. International peace and a high level of domestic economic activity are not unrelated. As a matter of fact, one of the most important contributions we can make to international stability is to attain a high consumption domestic economy. The mobilization of our economic resources for war has been about completed. Some further slight rise may be expected in particular segments over the next few months, but, in general, the present volume of activity may be considered the base from which we may calculate the economic dimensions of the postwar adjust? ment. The current level is far beyond what the country has ever reached in peace time, and maintenance of a high consumption economy after the war thus means setting new standards far above those to which we were accustomed prior to the outbreak of the present World War. In general, we have to think of doubling almost the value of the national product of the country?which likewise means


This paper presents a voice conversion algorithm based on Hidden Markov Models that does not requires explicit phonetic labeling of the input speech. Additionally, the proposed voice conversion algorithm also uses an excitation estimation algorithm previously presented by the authors to achieve higher speech quality without compromising speaker identity conversion. The performance of the proposed algorithm was compared, using listening tests, with the performance of a recent voice conversion algorithm based on HMM but requiring phonetic labeling. The proposed algorithm was found to achieve equivalent identity conversion scores while improving the perceived quality of the converted speech. Thus, the proposed algorithm was found as a viable alternative for conversion applications where phonetic labeling is not practical.


According to Functional Translation Theory,translation is a cross-cultural communication with certain purposes.A translator always chooses translation methods or strategies purposefully based on the intended purpose or function of the version.This theory has undoubtedly opened up a new angle of view for the study of the translator's subjectivity.The translator's subjectivity based on Functional Translation Theory is mainly manifested in two aspects: the choice of source text and the "Creative Treason" of translation strategies.


The band structure calculation was performed using the Full Potential Linearized Augmented Plane Wave Method (FP-LAPW) within a frame work of Density Functional Theory (DFT). We have observed a band gap in cubic bulk Silicon where as a Silicon atomic chain shows a Dirac cone like features along the ∆-symmetry, ~3.0 eV above Fermi energy (EF). An indirect band gap of about 1.16 eV is observed in case of bulk Si crystal. The narrow band gap has been shifted in case of Si-atomic wire to the conduction region. The shifted band gap in Si-nano structure indicates the semi-metal type behaviour, thereby increasing its electrical conductivity. The Boltzmann semi-classical transport theory is used to calculate the thermoelectric properties. The ZT value of Si atomic chain is ~1.55 at 120 K, which is higher than the experimental value, 1.2.


We present a new lock-based algorithm for concurrent manipulation of a binary search tree in an asynchronous shared memory system that supports search, insert and delete operations. Some of the desirable characteristics of our algorithm are: (i) a search operation uses only read and write instructions, (ii) an insert operation does not acquire any locks, and (iii) a delete operation only needs to lock up to four edges in the absence of contention. Our algorithm is based on an internal representation of a search tree and it operates at edge-level (locks edges) rather than at node-level (locks nodes); this minimizes the contention window of a write operation and improves the system throughput. Our experiments indicate that our lock-based algorithm outperforms existing algorithms for a concurrent binary search tree for medium-sized and larger trees, achieving up to 59% higher throughput than the next best algorithm.


The implementation of a software acoustic echo canceller (AEC) on personal computers (PC) is much more difficult than just migration of the well defined algorithms. Software AECs have to deal with the diverse hardware environments, which are usually low-cost and inaccurate, and the software environment, which generally is committed to sharing resources through multi-tasking yet providing no real-time guarantees. Hardware differences lead to sampling rate differences and echo path nonlinearity, while the software environment can cause discontinuity of the audio stream. In this paper, these factors are investigated, and addressed by improved software AEC based on the coloration effect filter algorithm.


The objective of immunization is to reduce morbidity produced by natural illness. Ideally, we would like to eradicate natural infection. This goal, which has been presumably accomplished for smallpox, has clearly eluded us in the case of measles. Eradication requires reduction in the number of susceptible subjects to the point where transmission of natural infection is interrupted. It is clear in the case of measles that we continue to have pockets of susceptible subjects that permit perpetuation of this disease. Clusters of cases occur in neighborhoods where immunization levels are low and in situations where susceptible subjects are brought together in close contact, such as in high schools, colleges, and military installations.


Are you ready for the next wave of information technology? No? Well, it is here whether you are ready or not and so listen up! You probably have heard of Java – check it out at http://java/the.future.is.here/again – and you are probably still asking yourself those two all-important questions: 'What is it?' and 'What can it do for me?' Java is a programming language, that is it. That is not everything though. The programmers and other IT professionals describe it to each other by contrasting it to its close relative, C++. It has several major differences from those other object-oriented (OO) languages. The two most important differences that the layperson should understand about Java are portability and size. Unlike the other programming languages, Java permits a programmer to create software that is platform-independent. In other words, the same piece of software can run on PCs or Macintosh computers without additional special codes. Actually, Java was initially designed to work on small hand-held devices that have comparatively little RAM to run software. As a result, the software that is created with Java (called applets) are small, requiring the use of a small amount of RAM. This is completely different from what we are used to: the big desktop CPU, monitor, keyboard combination that holds ever more RAM and hard drive capacity. With Java, computers can be designed smaller, to perform more specialized tasks for a much cheaper price. The going rate being quoted for a computer of this type is about $500 US and they do not necessarily need to sit on a desktop! What do these advancements mean to you and your company? Initially, nothing much since much of what is known is still in the planning/thinking stages. The first application of Java has been for Web site development, but that is certainly not its only application. One application is in Intranet development, which should have wide appeal for companies implementing Intranet on a large scale. Without the need for heavy 'bloatware' on your system, small applications can be passed from computer to computer with little difficulty. With this kind of system, information services professionals would be able to Marisa Urgo recently earned her give their clients 'applets' with the search string and print commands embedMSLS from Catholic University of ded in them. That would free up the client/user to perform the search whenAmerica in Washington, DC. She currently publishes her own electronic ever they desired. In this way, the information services professional takes on newsletter, JavaCites, designs the the role of adviser. Other applications include embedded Internet searches newsletter of the Sun User Group, and customized information services that are less cumbersome, easier to writes articles on the Internet's influence on the special library for both The obtain and manage. One-Person Library and Infomanage With these possibilities, Java is a wonderful achievement in its own right, and is currently researching and combut its potential is probably greater still. It has the potential to put into the piling a directory of Java-related resources. hands of its users a tangible tool for hardware and software designers to look Correspondence to: M. Urgo. Internet: beyond the current paradigms. For information services professionals, it opens email@example.com yet another door.


Visualization based on graph drawing is a powerful tool to analyze relational information evolution. It is based on big data corpora synthesis. It makes it possible to identify and to evaluate passed and current structures, and to deduce the future ones between actors and concepts. In this context, IRIT SIG team propose the strategic data analyzes platform Tetralogie and the gate Web Xplor dedicated to on line relational information navigation. VisuGraph tool adds to these two tools visualization and interactive relational data classification. We add to VisuGraph a fluid animation of graph representations of various periods, while emphasizing visually major elements and significant tendencies. We develop this approach while insisting on data structure, software ergonomics, graph drawing optimization and its animation. MOTS-CLES : Dessin de graphe, analyse relationnelle, reseau d'acteur, reseau semantique, animation, alliance, graphe evolutif, analogie espace/temps.


This study aims to produce an innovative learning media product by developing learning media for snakes and ladders to be applied in the learning process. In this research the product is first validated by media experts and material experts. As well as assessment of responses from teachers and students. Products in the form of learning media for the game of snakes and ladders will be tested first in small groups and then in limited groups. The objectives of this study were (1) Obtaining the feasibility, practicality, and effectiveness of the snake and ladder learning media in PPKn subjects in class III SD Negeri 024776 Binjai from material experts and media experts, (2) Knowing the differences in interests and learning outcomes of students who use and not. using snake and ladder learning media in PPKn subjects in class III SD Negeri 024776 Binjai. Development This research was developed with the ADDIE development model, starting from the analysis, design stage, development stage, implementation stage, and evaluation stage. Based on the results of the analysis of experts consisting of material experts with an average value of 82.26, it means that it is very valid and with media experts with an average value of 89 it means very valid. The percentage value of classical completeness obtained by students in the pretest and posttest of the experimental group experienced a high increase, namely 40% to 95%, with an average pretest score of 59.00 and an average posttest score of 81.25. So that it has met the criteria for classical completeness and the learning media products have met the indicators of effectiveness and are suitable for use.


Some potato plant samples potentially infected by Potato virus Y(PVY) were collected from the fields in Keshan, Nehe, Wudalianchi and Beian of Heilongjiang Province, China. Total RNA was extracted from the leaves of the samples. Reverse transcription, PCR and pyrosequencing were carried out with the primers designed and testified previously to identify the PVY strains in the samples. The sequencing results indicated that two samples from Keshan were infected by PVYN:Oand PVYN- Wi, respectively; two samples from Nehe both were infected by PVYN- Wi; two samples from Wudalianchi were infected by PVYN:Oand PVYN-Wi, respectively; and one sample from Beian was infected by PVYN-Wi. Taken together with the PVY strains previously identified from nine potato plant samples collected from Heilongjiang Province, the research results indicated that potato plants in Heilongjiang Province had been infected by at least four PVY strains(PVYN- Wi, PVYN:O, PVYNTNand PVYN). Furthermore, as PVYN- Wi was detected in seven of the 16 identified samples, but each of the three rest strains was only detected in three identified samples, respectively, and PVYN- Wiwas probably the predominant one of the four strains.


In this article we study the Dyson Bessel process, which describes the evolution of singular values of rectangular matrix Brownian motions, and prove a large deviation principle for its empirical particle density. We then use it to obtain the asymptotics of the so-called rectangular spherical integrals as $m,n$ go to infinity while $m/n$ converges.


Cs6.1K0.9[PW11O39] is synthesized from an aqueous solution of K7PW11O39 and CsCl (room temperature, 1 d, followed by treatment at 473 K for 2 h).


Previous studies have revealed Jupiter-family comet 252P/LINEAR as a comet that was recently transported into the near-Earth object (NEO) region in ∼1800 AD yet only being weakly active. In this Letter, we examine the "formed (almost) dead" hypothesis for 252P/LINEAR using both dynamical and observational approaches. By statistically examining the dynamical evolution of 252P/LINEAR over a period of 107 years, we find the median elapsed residency in the NEO region to be 4 × 102 years, which highlights the likelihood of 252P/LINEAR as an (almost) first-time NEO. With available cometary and meteor observations, we find the dust production rate of 252P/LINEAR to be on the order of 106 kg per orbit since its entry to the NEO region. These two lines of evidence support the hypothesis that the comet was likely to have formed in a volatile-poor environment. Cometary and meteor observations during the comet's unprecedented close approach to the Earth around 2016 March 21 would be useful for understanding of the surface and evolutionary properties of this unique comet.


In response to the disasters in Japan on March 11, 2011, Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL) is collecting air data and analyzing the data for fission products. At present, we report preliminary data from three high-volume air samplers and one stack sampler. Iodine-131 (I-131) is not optimally measured by our standard polypropylene filters. In addition to the filter data, we have one measurement obtained from a charcoal cartridge. These data, together with measurements of other radionuclides are adequate for a preliminary assessment and assure us that radionuclides from Fukushima Daiichi do not present a threat to human health at or near Los Alamos.


The biosynthesis methods such as enzyme,microbe and plant tissue cultivation are summarized and the trend of biosynthesis of food flavor matter is pointed out.


We investigate the capacity investment decision of a supplier who produces a critical component for a buyer. An incentive conflict is present, because the buyer possesses private forecast information about end customer demand. We use laboratory experiments to test the performance of nonlinear capacity reservation contracts offered by the supplier. We show that both bounded rationality and fairness preferences consistently lead to buyer contract choices that harm supplier performance and overall supply chain performance. We therefore examine several capacity reservation contracts that take into account the buyer's inability to maximize utility (bounded rationality) and/or the buyer's motives (inequity aversion). We find that considering these behavioral aspects in contract design enhances supply chain performance.[Submitted: January 17, 2018. Revised: November 7, 2018. Accepted: November 10, 2018.] Subject Areas: Asymmetric Information, Behavioral Operations Management, and Capacity Reservation.


This article focuses on the development of education relating to aging in a specific professional education program: social work at the University of Queensland. A brief outline of features of the aged population and services for the aged in Queensland, an Australian state, is given as a background for describing one approach to gerontology education with the University of Queensland social work faculty. The challenges and tasks of curriculum development in relation to gerontology in a generic undergraduate course are described. Specific training in gerontology at a theoretical and practical level is provided through field practicums in an institution for the aged and proposals to extend this to a community‐based practice research program for the aged are outlined. To give a combined approach to social work, current research programs relating to this program — social policy and aging — are described.


Renal pathology was a commonly seen complication in patients with diabetes. Geniposide (GPO) was previously demonstrated to modulate glucose metabolism in diabetes. This study was to investigate effects of GPO in streptozotocin‐induced diabetic rats and its underlying mechanism. Renal function in diabetic rats was evaluated by levels of serum creatinine (Scr), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and urinary albumin. Renal inflammation was appraised by inflammatory cells infiltration and pro‐inflammatory cytokines production. Renal monocytes, T lymphocytes infiltration, and intercellular adhesion molecule‐1 (ICAM‐1) expression were quantitated by immunohistochemistry. Moreover, renal nuclear factor‐kappa B (NF‐κB) was assayed by Western blotting. Diabetic rats showed renal dysfunction as evidenced by increased levels of Scr, BUN, urinary albumin, and elevator renal index. Histological examination revealed significant glomerular basement membrane (GBM) thickening. However, GPO notably improved renal function and diabetes‐induced GBM changes. Additionally, diabetic rats showed noteworthy renal inflammation,as reflected by enhancement of monocytes and T lymphocytes infiltration, increased expression of ICAM‐1, tumor necrosis factor‐α, interleukin‐1 (IL‐1), and IL‐6. Interestingly, the level of monocytes infiltration positively correlated with the severity of GBM. Further study indicated diabetic rats displayed increased activation of NF‐κB, indicated by increased expression of NF‐κB p65, IKKα, and p‐IκBα in renal tissue. However, all the changes in renal inflammation and NF‐κB pathway were obviously reversed in GPO‐treated diabetic rats. Our works indicate GPO ameliorates structural and functional abnormalities of kidney in diabetic rats, which is associated with its suppression of NF‐κB‐mediated inflammatory response.


The present study investigated the possible protective role of salicylic acid (SA) against arsenic toxicity in Arabidopsis thaliana . Seedlings were raised from seeds in plastic containers filled with commercial propagation medium and were divided into two groups. Half of the seedlings were treated with 250 μM salicylic acid for 2 weeks, after which both groups were exposed to 100 μM arsenic for 2 weeks. Metabolic parameters representative of oxidative damage and antioxidant activity were evaluated after the treatments. The result showed that arsenic caused a decrease in plant biomass, chlorophyll content and a significant increase in lipid peroxidation, and activities of catalase, ascorbate peroxidase and superoxide dismutase in seedlings that were not pretreated with SA. The toxic effects of arsenic were however alleviated by the exogenously applied SA thereby underscoring the beneficial role of this signal molecule in mediating defense response in plants under stress.


Devika Hovell is Director of the International Law Project at the Gilbert + Tobin Centre of Public Law, Faculty of Law, University of New South Wales. Website: http://www.ilals.unsw.edu.au This article is based on a paper given at the ANZSIL Conference in Wellington, New Zealand, July 2003. © 2003 Devika Hovell (text) © 2003 John Lynch (cartoon) It is a natural reflex to bridle at criticism from the outside — particularly when that criticism charges Australia with violating human rights. However, in Australia's response to decisions by United Nations human rights treaty bodies, this defensive reflex has become more a concentrated campaign of defiance. On paper, Australia is a champion of the international human rights framework. Australia is a party to all the major UN human rights treaties, and has recognised the competence of five of the UN treaty bodies charged with monitoring state compliance with these treaties. Yet while Australia has agreed to the rules and acknowledged the umpire, it consistently refuses to comply with the umpire's decision. While, on paper, Australia contributes significant support to the international human rights framework, in practice, Australia contributes more to the great human rights paradox, referred to by Falk, that many prominent countries adopting human rights treaties basically believe that human rights are only relevant for other countries. Contrasting Australia's approach to its own human rights issues with its recent approach to countries such as Iraq, Afghanistan and Zimbabwe, it is hard to resist the impression that the Australian government views human rights as an item produced purely for export.


Introduction: Although known as a possible graft option for decades, quadriceps tendon grafts have often been termed a second-line graft option. We report a consecutive case series using this method as the primary treatment line. The rationale for this study was to evaluate the midterm results of this method in a prospective and consecutive case series. The primary study question was to determine the clinical results 24–36 months after primary anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction using a bone plug-free quadriceps tendon autograft fixed with bioabsorbable cross-pins. Materials and methods: The study population included 55 patients, of whom 24 were female (43.6%). The mean age at the index procedure was 31.7 years (15–58 years). All patients received an ACL construction using a bone block-free quadriceps tendon graft fixed with resorbable cross-pins. The postoperative regimen included partial weight-bearing for 3 weeks and flexion limited to 90° for six weeks; an orthosis was not used. The mean follow-up duration was 29.5 months (24.3–38.5 months) after the index procedure. The International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) subjective score and examination form was assessed, as well as the Lysholm and Gillquist score and the Tegner activity index. The Rolimeter arthrometer was used to assess the anterior laxity of the knee.


In solving the Schrodinger equation to simulate a nanoscale circuit, we note that the mean free path for electrons in some metals is as large as 48 nm. Thus, the wavefunction may propagate coherently through wires corresponding to the lines that show the potential outside of the tunneling junction. A voltage source may be modeled as a jump in the potential. Similarly, the potential across a resistor may be modeled as a sharp drop or a downward sloping line to show a decrease in the potential. Then the resistance may be determined by dividing this voltage drop by the product of the calculated current density and the effective cross-sectional area.


This work proposes a new approach for dynamical modeling; we call it sequential transform learning. This is loosely based on the transform (analysis dictionary) learning formulation. This is the first work on this topic. Transform learning, was originally developed for static problems; we modify it to model dynamical systems by introducing a feedback loop. The learnt transform coefficients for the tth instant are fed back along with the t + 1st sample, thereby establishing a Markovian relationship. Furthermore, the formulation is made supervised by the label consistency cost. Our approach keeps the best of two worlds, marrying the interpretability and uncertainty measure of signal processing with the function approximation ability of neural networks. We have carried out experiments on one of the most challenging problems in dynamical modeling - stock forecasting. Benchmarking with the state-of-the-art has shown that our method excels over the rest.


This paper presents the aim,significance,idea,content and remarks of core observation and description of tight sandstone fractured reservoir.Taking Wenmingzhai buried hill reservoir of Mesozoic in Dongpu depression as an example,the fracture development and oil bearing characteristics are described,six genetic types of the fractures are proposed,and their forming mechanisms are discussed.


This paper investigates the mechanism of the electrically assisted high temperature wettability. In a special heating microscope with a big sample chamber, tests with carbon and oxide refractory materials in contact with an aggressive casting powder were carried out. A temperature of 1500 °C and different amounts of electrical current/voltage was used. The tests show different results which lead to two different mechanisms depending to the electrical conductivity of the material.


The 21st century is marked by the emergence of a new Industrial Revolution, the fourth, which is characterized by speed, systemic impact, in addition to breadth and depth. Nanotechnologies are born from the human possibilities of accessing the so-called nano scale: the scale that is equivalent to a billionth of a meter. When it comes to nanotechnologies and products generated from this scale, there is something new in research and production, which can generate effects that are still little known by human beings, especially through the interfaces with the human body and the environment. There is an openness to formulating regulatory environments, structured from a varied set of principles and designing agile, flexible and adequate "regulated self-regulation" models. The choice of the structuring principles of these directives must take into account the guidelines of ethics and be enriched with dimensions coming from the environment where these scientific-technological innovations. The governance of the various stakeholders in nanoscale regulation and the combination of principles, to be tested in Regulatory Sandbox, as real laboratories for improvements in normative models that are structured from principles sought in national and international organizations.


Beryllium as a light metal has peculiar properties suitable for some future nuclear or space applications [1]. Because of this interest, beryllium-coated iron foils were studied [2, 3]. Despite some advance over the last century, the knowledge about alloying of beryllium with other elements is still very limited. Laser application offers additional possibilities of material synthesis. It is suitable for processing and alloying the surface or thin layers. In this article the study of formation of solid solution and compounds of the Be–Fe system, when a thin powder layer is affected by laser irradiation, is presented. Laser alloying of iron with other light elements, forming Fe–C and Fe–B system compounds, has been already studied in Refs. [4, 5]. There are differences and similarities between these systems. Boron and beryllium alloyed with iron form a lot of compounds. Fe–Be system has a broad region of beryllium supersaturated solid solution in iron and beryllium-rich compounds — FeBe2,5,11 and probably Fe3Be. The systems with many possible compounds are interesting and favourable materials for studying the distribution of constituents during a short pulse of laser irradiation.


BETWEEN 1901 AND 1913, Norwegian women won a series of legislative victories, including the universal right to vote. To Norwegian Americans, these events held special meaning. They represented verifiable and contemporary proof of what Norwegian Americans had been arguing for some time: namely, that their homeland was a bastion of progress and democracy and that they had carried this particular legacy to the New World. Many argued that as Norwegian Americans they were committed to modern, forward-looking ideas and democratic principles, thereby making them model citizens in their adopted home. Women's suffrage advocates also used this particular rhetorical emphasis to substantiate their claims that Norwegian Americans had a duty to support women's suffrage based on their cultural connection to progress and equality. A rich literature has documented how immigrants and their offspring encountered racial and ethnic hierarchies in the United States that influenced their own efforts at constructing an American ethnicity. Some European eth-


ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine is an adenovirus vector vaccine that designed to provoke immunity against SARS-CoV-2. EDTA is a very potent zinc chelator which is used commonly in protein interaction studies. Exposure to EDTA even in lower concentrations may cause extreme stripping of zinc from many proteins, in-cluding zinc-binding proteins that described as a component of the largest and most complex gene superfamily in metazoans and the most common class of transcription factors. The zinc dissociation rates can vary greatly among these proteins. Another issue is the adenovirus in the vaccine. It can induce thrombocytopenia, a potentially serious complication of gene therapy protocols using this type of vector.PEGylation already induced significantly lower serum il-6 levels by 70% .We noted that the study by Katie et al studied immune response by a single dose of ChAdOx1 nCov-19 not included test of Il-6 (15)We conclude from previous studies that the PEGylating of adenoviral vectors can be promise tech-nology as safety profile as significantly reduced IL-6 and liver toxicity and how avoiding the pitfalls of chemistry and virology so the PEGylation since first time at 1999 introduced by O'Riordan,C.R et al (16) need more advancements


With recent advances in molecular biology and the sequencing of the human genome, nucleic acids are expected to engage a pivotal position in the development of novel therapeutic concepts. Although viral vectors are very effective and are capable of many of the required tasks for efficient gene transfer, their broad use is limited by severe safety risks [1,2]. Therefore, this work focused on the use of polymers as non-viral vehicles for nucleic acid delivery. Among various polymers, polyethylenimine (PEI) has become a gold standard for nucleic acid delivery [3]. The relatively high transfection efficiency of branched PEI (BPEI) -based delivery systems is seriously afflicted by the cytotoxicity of the polymer. In contrast, the linear form (LPEI) has a particularly high gene expression accompanied by a lower cytotoxicity, but nevertheless the transfection efficiency of LPEI 22 kDa (ExGen®) cannot be enhanced beyond a certain limit due to cytotoxicity. Therefore, the ultimate goal of this thesis was to identify strategies towards effective PEI-based delivery systems with low cytotoxicity for in vitro use.
The first objective was to overcome the frequent restriction that high transfection efficiency is limited by the cytotoxicity of the non-viral carrier. We explored the potential of utilizing LPEIs with a molecular weight (MW) ranging from 1.0 to 9.5 kDa to overcome this limitation (Chapter 2). This study envisioned the decoupling of transfection efficiency from cytotoxicity and demonstrated that LPEIs with low MW are more efficient and significantly less toxic than their high MW counterparts in CHO-K1 cells in vitro. A follow-up study focused on the uptake and intracellular stability of various LPEI - polyplexes and plasmid DNA in order to investigate differences relevant for their efficacy. Furthermore, the influence of the ionic strength of the polyplex formation medium and presence of serum during the transfection process on the transfection efficiency was evaluated (Chapter 3). The results showed that we have a very robust system for LPEI-based nucleic acid delivery that is widely independent of external influences and suitable for routine transfection experiments. The interaction of polymer and plasmid DNA in living cells was additionally evaluated by fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) -based techniques (Chapter 4).
Furthermore, we hypothesized that a bioreversible crosslinking of low MW LPEIs would raise the polymer�s efficacy due to the higher MW, while the biodegradable linkages would undergo intracellular breakdown and hence minimize toxicity (Chapter 5). Our results proved the hypothesis: the most effective biodegradable PEI (LR-PEI) was capable of gene delivery in 27-fold more cells than the non-degradable starting material and moreover, the maximum transfection efficiency achieved in CHO-K1 cells had a value of about 73%, which is much higher than that of the LPEI derivative of similar MW. These biodegradable PEIs can be counted among the most effective polymer-based gene delivery vehicles, because the efficacy was nearly 3-fold higher than with BPEI 25 kDa and LPEI 22 kDa, to which newly synthesized polymers are usually compared. LR-PEI-mediated gene delivery was dependent on intracellular reduction and could be modulated by manipulation of the number of stabilizing bonds. After biodegradable PEI-based polyplexes had successfully been applied for the transfection of various cell lines in vitro, the next step was to evaluate their gene transfer ability in human primary cells and in a �hard-to-transfect� cell line (Chapter 6). In dendritic cells the transfection efficiency was nearly negligible and also accompanied by a remarkable toxicity. Human chondrocytes were more susceptible to PEI-based transfection, but the efficacy was much lower compared to the cell lines tested in Chapter 5.
Last mentioned, we showed that the PEI backbone is a necessary prerequisite for efficient polymer-based gene delivery by the investigation of per-N-methylated PEI (Chapter 7).
References: 1. Marshall E. Science 2002; 298: 510-511. 2. Sadelain M. Gene Ther 2004; 11: 569-573. 3. Boussif O, Lezoualc'h F, Zanta MA, Mergny MD, Scherman D, Demeneix B, Behr J. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1995; 92: 7297-7301.


The changes in the dietary pattern of Koreans during the last one century and its consequences are summarized as follows; 1. Until the beginning of 20th century, Koreans used variety of cereals, vegetables and fruits for their staple food, but the variety has been largely reduced by the agricultural development and urbanized life style. 2. The well balanced traditional dietary pattern of Korean had been deeply deteriorated by the food shortage during the Japanese occupation and Korean war. 3. The deteriorated nutritional condition of Korean was not remedied by the restoration of traditional dietary pattern, but attempted to overcome it by the adoption of Western food habit. 4. The people were trained to eat milk and flour-meals during the starvation of Korean war, and it was continued after Korean war through the animal husbandry promotion policy. 5. The importation of food and feed cereals has been increased rapidly during the economic growth in 1970's and the food self-sufficiency droped below 50%. 6. In 1970's, the food supply pattern of Korean was restored to the level of early 1900, but the consumption of lipid increased extraordinarily. 7. The overconsumption of animal food and lipid continues in 1980's, and it coincides with the rapid increase in the occurence of food related degenerative deseases. 8. The establishment of Korean dietary goal which is based on the traditional dietary pattern is needed.


The traditional education in China is always affected by dignity of the teaching profession.The main negative influence on students is that they are lack of the spirit of innovation and the character of seeking for truth.With the coming of the knowledge economic era,we should add new content to dignity of the teaching profession,endow it with new connotation.We must break the bulwark of traditional dignity of teaching profession first,then we can carry out the innovation education.


We have developed a generic ionic model of single-cell rabbit sinoatrial node (SAN) electrical activity, employing Markov-state kinetics for membrane ionic currents. By suitable choice of parameters, the model is able to accurately reproduce a wide range of action potential waveforms recorded from individual SAN cells in the laboratory. Advantages of this approach include the ability to quantitatively investigate the contribution of ion currents underlying pacemaker and action potential activity from any given SAN myocyte recording.


The existence of water recharge area Tangerang Municipality necessary because most of the people still rely on groundwater to fulfill the needs. This research aims to analyze the adequacy of land that serve as water recharge area in Tangerang Municipality. The land requirement were calculated based on water needs (Faculty of Forestry IPB method) by considering the water needs per year, supplies of water company (PDAM), current ground water potential, and capabilities of soil's retention. The adequacy was analyzed by comparing between the amounts of requirements with existing conditions. The requirement of water recharge area was 489,443.9 hectares, whereas the existing open space is only 7,705.3 hectares. The land requirements even far beyond the total area of Tangerang Municipality, making it impossible to fulfilled. Keywords : adequacy, land, requirement, water recharge


For the first time a new device concept for high voltage power devices has been realized in silicon. Our 600 V-COOLMOS/sup TM/ reaches an area specific on-resistance of typically 3.5 /spl Omega//spl middot/mm/sup 2/. Our technology thus offers a shrink factor of 5 versus the actual state of the art in power MOSFETs. The device concept is based on charge compensation in the drift region of the transistor. We increase the doping of the vertical drift region roughly by one order of magnitude and counterbalance this additional charge by the implementation of fine structured columns of the opposite doping type. The blocking voltage of the transistor remains thus unaltered. The charge compensating columns do not contribute to the current conduction during the turn-on state. Nevertheless the drastically increased doping of the drift region allows the above mentioned reduction of the on-resistance.


Five heteromorph ammonite taxa belonging to the Nostoceratidae and the Diplomoceratidae are described from the Upper Turonian and Lower Coniacian of northern Germany and Saxony. The investigation serves the presentation of additional material of Hyphantoceras flexuosum , Neocrioceras paderbornense and Scalarites turoniense that are rarely documented in northern Germany and Saxony. Furthermore, one new species, Hyphantoceras ernsti sp. n., is introduced. One taxon is described in open nomenclature as nostoceratid gen. et sp. indet.


This study is a follow up analysis of Tetradesmus obliquus 16:8 hours diurnal cycle experiments, where a starch-less mutant is compared to the wild-type, but this time, in nitrogen limited condition. The samples were collected approximately every 3 hours for both strains (wild-type and starchless mutant). Two time points per condition have two duplicate set (4 samples) because each condition was done in two batches (allowing to take samples during dark period). Overall, this study contain 41 samples, 20 for the wild-type and 21 for the starchless mutant. RNA was extracted for each samples and sent to Novogene for sequencing.


Objective To study the constituents of Sinularia sp.Methods The isolation and purification of the compounds were performed by silica gel,Sephadex LH-20 and HPLC methods,and their structures were determined by comparison their physicochemical characters and spectral data with literatures.Results From the methanol extracts of Sinularia sp.,eleven compounds were isolated and indentified as cholesterol(1)、(22E)-ergosta-5,22-dien-3β-ol(2)、cholesta-5,20-dien-3β-ol(3)、ergosta-5,24(28)-dien-3β-ol(4)、gorgosterol(5)、3β-hydroxycholesta-5-en-7-one(6)、3β-hydroxyergosta-5,24(28)-dien-7-one(7)、(22E)-3β-hydroxyergosta-5,22-dien-7-one(8)、3β-hydroxyergosta-5-en-7-one(9)、(22E)-3β-hydroxycholesta-5,22-dien-7-one(10) and batyl alcohol(11),respectively.Conclusion Compounds 6~10 were isolated from this soft coral for the first time,and compound 7 exhibited weak cytotoxicity against the K562 and HeLa cell line with the inhibition rate 22.74% and 9.98% at the concentration level of 10 μg·mL-1,respectively.


We present the MIM calculus, a modeling formalism with a strong biological basis, which provides biologically-meaningful operators for representing the i nteraction capabilities of molecular species. The operators of the calculus are inspired by the reaction symbols used in Molecular Interaction Maps (MIMs), a diagrammatic notation used by biologists. Models of the calculus can be easily derived from MIM diagrams, for which an unambiguous and executable interpretation is thus obtained. We give a formal definition of the syntax and semantics of the M IM calculus, and we study properties of the formalism. A case study is also presented to show the use of the calculus for modeling biomolecular networks.


I develop a continuous-time general equilibrium model with a continuum of states of the world and a continuum of agents endowed with heterogeneous beliefs. The model permits to analyze the interactions between financial markets and production. There is a single firm that faces convex adjustment costs and maximizes its terminal value. Equivalently, the firm uses decreasing returns to scale risk-return technology. The model is tractable and matches many of the empirical regularities in aggregate output and stock prices, such as a financial volatility that is higher than the macroeconomic volatility, skewness, kurtosis, short-term momentum, and volatility risk premium during recessions. All these aspects disappear when one assumes beliefs homogeneity or constant returns to scale. In particular, the impact of beliefs heterogeneity observed in endowment economies does not pertain when introducing production unless one assumes decreasing returns to scale in the risk-return technology. This paper was accepted by David Sraer, finance.


One side span of the three-span ((200,300,200 m) continuous steel box girder bridge in Rio de Janeiro was instrumented for measuring strains and temperature during construction and in service. Electrical, mechanical, and scratch guages were used. The field measurements, conducted in winter and summer, show that the daily temperature increase is the largest from 6:30 a.m. to 3:00 p.m. The high temperature change in the top flange drops within 0.30 m by as much as 13 to 15 degrees C and then remains essentially constant in the rest of the cross section. A computer program was developed for generating a complete thermal field in the bridge from the temperatures specified at two cross sections and for performing thermoelastic analysis. The highest termal stress was found to be 14.2 MPa. Recommendations are made for a temperature change pattern to be used in design of steel bridges under the Rio de Janeiro conditions and for the intensification of research in the United States on thermal effects in bridge structures. /Author/


According to earlier descriptions of Hungarian vowel harmony i behaves transparently both in the stem and the suffix. In this paper we present a study that supports our hypothesis asserting that in some cases the stem i is not necessarily but optionally transparent, that is, following such fluctuating stems the vowel i in the suffix may further increase the chance of palatal suffixing.


One kind of resin molding headlight lamp comprises a glass, the headlight glass has a raised portion which is thicker than the rest. Headlamp glass portion comprises a front side turn signals forward projection lamp lens, the contour can be integrally formed lamp. Glass side turn signals a triangular portion convex shape of the roof, a side turn signal lamp bulb mounted within close proximity of the lamp glass. Thickness of the side turn signal lamp glass portion is larger than the other portion of the headlight glass thickness.


This article reports on the findings of a retrospective, empirical study that explores and describes grief-related beliefs of a convenience sample of 312 persons in a Veterans hospital. These beliefs may facilitate bereaved individuals' emotional regulation and adaptive responses to loss conceptualized in the dual process model. The study addresses the question: Do gender, employment status, and loss burden contribute to differences in grief-related beliefs? The findings reveal significant gender differences, and also that grief-related beliefs are reality rather than myth-oriented. Study limitations and implications for social work practice in bereavement care and hospice settings are discussed.


MORELLA CERIFERA SEEDLINGS MODIFY MICROCLIMATE AND VARY SEASONALLY FROM COMPETITIVE TO FACILITATIVE WITH NEIGHBORING GRASSES By Michael Neumann Sinclair, M.S. A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science at Virginia Commonwealth University. Virginia Commonwealth University, 2019. Major Director: Dr. Julie Zinnert, Assistant Professor, Department of Biology Morella cerifera is a rapidly expanding native shrub on the Virginia barrier islands which displaces other native coastal species and may interrupt normal sediment dynamics. Barrier islands are considered stressful environments with low nutrients, high solar load, and frequent drought and salt exposure; facilitation often dominates in stressful environments according to the Stress Gradient Hypothesis. The objective of this project was to understand the importance of species interactions with grasses on the growth and physiology of M. cerifera at the seedling life stage through both field and lab experiments. Grasses provided ~1.3°C insulation to shrubs during winter freeze events and a freezing threshold for M. cerifera seedlings was experimentally found between -6°C and -11°C. Seedlings competed for light with grasses during warm months and grew more where grasses were clipped, revealing a tradeoff between winter insulation and summer light competition. M. cerifera shows evidence of ecosystem engineering at the seedling stage by significantly reducing summer maximum temperatures. This enables rapid expansion of M. cerifera across the landscape. As M. cerifera expands, island migration is altered, leading to decreased island stability and increased erosion. Although seedlings are small and relatively vulnerable, this life stage appears to have significant implications for the ecosystem trajectory and stability of the Virginia barrier islands.


This paper presents a new approximation formula for pricing multi-dimensional discretely monitored average options and spread options in a local-stochastic volatility (LSV) model with jumps by applying an asymptotic expansion technique. Particularly, our model includes local-volatility functions and jump components in both the underlying asset price and its volatility processes. To the best of our knowledge, the proposed approximation is the first one which achieves analytic approximations for the average option prices in this environment.In numerical experiments, by employing several models we provide approximate prices for average and calendar spread options on the WTI futures based on the parameters through calibration to the listed (plain-vanilla) futures option prices, and compare those with the CME settlement prices, which confirms the validity of the method.Moreover, we show the LSV with jumps model is able to replicate consistently and precisely listed futures option, calendar spread option and average option prices with common parameters.


Women make up half of the workforce in America. Despite this, in traditional organizations, leadership roles are overwhelmingly held by men. Of the small number of African American women employed in the workforce, 30% hold professional or management positions and women in general are more educated, qualified and transformational than their male counterparts. Despite this, African American female leaders experience organizational barriers, social labeling, and biases driven by their intersectionality that hinders their career opportunities. Black feminist research suggests that social norms place women in subordinate roles in comparison to men in society. African American women face such social barriers at a higher level given additional societal hardships driven by racism. Literature on African American female leadership outlines the barriers, but there is a limited amount of literature that seeks to appreciate Black female leadership as it relates to their style characteristics, expertise, and experience within their organizations regarding their leadership styles and the resilience required to maintain success in their positions. In order to add to the body of research in this area, this study explored the leadership characteristics, barriers, success strategies and resilience of African American female leaders through the lenses of these women. This study assessed leadership and resilience in African American females who hold higher level positions of leadership in traditionally White, male dominated industries. The purpose of the research was to identify those factors that increase achievement, advancement and success in high ranking positions despite the documented adversities associated with African American women, who hold leadership positions. The goal was to provide a guide for women who aspire towards entering particular fields and holding similar leadership positions and to AFRICAN AMERICAN FEMALE LEADERS xviii provide an outline of their success in order to offer a blueprint for organizational strategies to promote diversity and advancement for women. AFRICAN AMERICAN FEMALE LEADERS 1 Chapter 1: The Problem "Gender and women's empowerment is at the core of what we need to do in the field of development. Gender equality is also smart economics. Research demonstrates that progress in the area of women's economic empowerment is still far, far too slow. Whether it is the question of employment, opportunity, pay, or access to finance, there is a tremendous amount of work to do to level the playing field for women."Robert B. Zoellick President (World Bank Group, 2008) Women outnumber men in the U.S., account for 50% of the workforce nationally, and make up over half of the global workforce (Bollinger, 2008; UN Women, 2011). Additionally, women held nearly 52% of high paying management and professional occupations in the U.S in 2009 (United States Department of Labor, 2009). Of those the African American women employed, over 30% held professional position. According to Bollinger (2008), the U.S. minority population reached 100.7 million, in 2007. Meaning one out of every three people are of minority descent. Additionally, women owned businesses positively impact the economy grossing, over 1 trillion in revenue. Over 911,000 of these were owned by African-American women. In fact, the majority of African-American owned businesses are owned by women (U.S. Census Bureau, 2007). Moreover, women have proven their abilities as leaders, often being considered more transformational than their male counterparts, improving organizational performance, increasing motivation among their followers and demonstrating exemplary communication styles in leadership (Hite, 2004; Robbins & Judge, 2011). Despite this progress, social norms place women in subordinate roles in comparison to men in the society, especially in regard to leadership. Social barriers are intensified for African AFRICAN AMERICAN FEMALE LEADERS 2 American women given additional societal hardships driven by racism, compared to women of nonminority descent (Hite, 2004; Lott 2009; Peters, Kinsey, & Malloy, 2004). Bollinger suggests that it will take nearly 75 years for the gender disparity in business to lessen and for leadership to become reflective of the American workforce. The organizational and systematic hardship experienced by women is even more extreme for women of color who pursue, attain and retain leadership positions, particularly African American women (Hite, 2004; Lott, 2009; Peters et al., 2004).


A collar assembly of or for a tower being formed by progressively higher concrete composition pours into reinforcement including formwork defined cavities, the assembly comprising or including; a higher subassembly adapted as a collar to selectively index to a zone of the tower being formed, a lower subassembly adapted as a collar to selectively index to a zone of the tower being formed, and a jacking arrangement whereby (I), when the lower subassembly is zone indexed and the higher subassembly is not, the higher subassembly can be raised relative to the lower subassembly and the zone to a fresh indexing height and (II), when the higher subassembly is zone indexed and the lower subassembly is not, the lower subassembly can be raised to a fresh indexing height.


* University of Southern California ' Information Sciences InstitUttLEARED Common Lisp FrameworIop"PuLIT• Final Technical Report juu 0993 4 (DED David S. Wile Sponsored by Defense Advanced Projects Agency (DOD) DARPA/CSTO Title of Contract: "A Proposed Research Program in Strategic Computing" Project: Common LISP Framework DARPA Order No. 6096 Issued by DSS-W under Contract MDA903-87-C-0641 Period of Performance: 09/01/87 05/31/92


Mobile Internet era makes the position of tradition al internet appliance replaced by mobile internet. And with the increase of users' requirements for real-time and i ntelligence to tourism services, tourism industry u shered in a new challenge. This paper counts the mainstream mobile application client related intelligence tourism, id entifies their problems, analyses the main cause of the current sm all coverage and poor functions of intelligence tou rism application client and proposes the application of ontology theory in the research of intelligence tou rism mobile application client. Also, many advantages of ontolo gy in solving these practical problems are summariz ed. It has significant value for the development of intelligen ce tourism in mobile internet.


A new developing discipline that human resources accountant is,Solve the human resources problem in business administration.This text to human resources not of our country for research of accountant current situation,from inside and outside respect of two pieces probe into there aren't human resources the accountants,expound that our country implements the human resources accountant's feasibility and necessity.


This collection of articles presents ideas about the value of children's play and suggests practical ways to implement good play experiences and select appropriate play materials. Articles examine play as an agent of social values, play and thinking, play and child development, the environmental opportunities for play factors that can destroy the value of play, play for the convalescent child, specific learning processes and play, and play as a valid educational tool. Recent books and films on play, and age-appropriate toys are listed. (CS) ASSOCIATION FOR CHILDHOOD EDUCATION IN I LRNATIONAL


In writing programs that operate on natural language input, a common task is to recognize a specific utterance and extract specific portions of that utterance. We describe a novel method which learns how to match a natural language template to the utterance, while extracting information from the utterance in the process. We also describe our progress in implementing this method, as well as details about how we are training and evaluating the method.


Mother Mortality Rate 2003 in Indonesia is still high which is 307/100.000 live birth. The main cause of maternal death inter alia postpartum bleeding, eklampsi, infection diseases, and placenta previa, which all of it have a source from iron deficiency anemia. The cohort register of pregnant mother at Public Health Service Moyudan state that the pregnant mother number 2007 is 377 person and 180 (47,75%) of pregnant mother experiences anemia and based on the introduction study it had found that 4 out of 5 pregnant mother did not have good knowledge about anemia. The Objective is To know the correlation of knowledge level about anemia with the anemia case on pregnant mother in Public Health Service Moyudan Sleman Yogyakarta number 2009. The Method is analytical descriptive research with cross-sectional method. The sample was taken by using accidental sampling technique of 42 persons. The data about characteristics and knowledge of pregnant mother were obtained from questionnaire, and Hb level data of pregnant mother was obtained from pregnant mother cohort register. It uses chi square analysis to know the correlation between knowledge level of anemia case with anemia case. Most of respondents (90,5%) are health include in reproductive age (20-35 years old) is 90,5%, the respondents of high school education level (SMA, SMK/equal level) are 61,9% and unemployed pregnant mothers are 59,5%. Percentage the knowledge level of respondents about anemia is equal between good and bad category which is 50% and the experience anemia of pregnant mother is 64,3%. The results of chi square analysis is p value 0,000 < 0,05 (p < I±) with contingency coefficient rate of 0,480. There is middle level correlation between the knowledge level about anemia with anemia cases on pregnant mothers at Public Health Service Moyudan Sleman Yogyakarta Keyword : Knowledge level, pregnant mother, anemia


ABSTRACT Newly available molecular sequences and morphological data suggest that Philander nigratus Thomas, 1923, is a valid species. Currently known from just eight specimens collected in the Peruvian departments of Junín and Ayacucho, P. nigratus does not appear to be closely related to either of the congeneric taxa with which it was previously synonymized.


Biochemistry and molecular techniques are used for the development of the scientific practice of students. To improve both the teaching and learning quality and promote the students' motivation, this article outlines an interactive "Virtual Simulation and Actual Operation Combined" approach by using a tailored virtual practice‐learning platform and participated by students and lectures, as well as a curriculum secretary. The implementation of the Virtual Simulation Laboratory provides a series of learning resources, which the students can access in their own time; and the participation of the curriculum secretary also makes the class more interactive and efficient. This method incorporates an experimental platform and a virtual experiment class to utilize fully both the traditional and virtual teaching methods and thereby promote effective student learning. © 2018 International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 46(6):585–591, 2018.


ABSTRACT Today, establishing zones for globally-oriented free enterprise is a common strategy of post-industrial urban revitalization and economic development. These large-scale projects typically operate through neoliberal governance and planning that facilitates undemocratic control and privatized administration of the zones. With a case study of the Philadelphia Navy Yard, this paper argues that these spaces embody a "non-plan" of competitive capitalist urbanization governed by and for global firms. However, the present-absence of municipal and state-level oversight itself represents a political decision, to provide place-based incentives without then managing this process. The Navy Yard allowed an unelected public–private partnership to determine how to best use the space, while also offering significant, publicly funded tax subsidies. Although lauded as "successful" by city politicians, the Navy Yard's publicly-funded private benefit did little to reduce longstanding divides in the city, furthering a new era of spatial and political fragmentation.


A new route towards the synthesis of N-substituted-4-formylpiperidine using N-benzyl or tryptaminylsulfonylacetamide and-unsaturated ester as starting materials is described. Formal synthesis of Aricept ® , deethylibophyllidine, and isoguvacine, which have potential biological activities, were synthesized via this strategy.


Relatively pristine habitats around the world are being lost at unprecedented rates (Melillo et al. 1985, Skole and Tucker 1993) as an expanding human population converts them to agriculture, forestry, and urban centers (Hall 1978, Vitousek et al. 1986). As these habitats are altered, untold numbers of species are disappearing before they have been recognized, much less studied (Wilson 1989), and the functioning of entire ecosystems is threatened. This loss of biodiversity, at the very time when the value of biotic resources is becoming widely recognized (Malone 1992), has made it strikingly clear that current strategies for conservation are failing dismally (Ehrlich 1992, Ehrlich and Wilson 1991).


The present paper reports three lizard fossils from the Middle Pleistocene (493±55 ka B.P.) Qinling caves in Luonan County, Shaanxi, China. Two lacertids reported here, Eumeces sp. (Fig.1, 3~6) and Eremias sp. (Fig.1, 7~8) document the geologically first record of the fossil genus from China, and suggested that they are ancestors of modern genus and species in this area. The specimen of Conicodontosaurus is documented a new species: Conicodontosaurus qinlingensis sp. nov. (Fig.1, 1~2).