The surface winds from the moored buoy data set available from the National Data Buoy Center are examined for the occurrence of inertial range oscillations in the surface winds by employing a novel joint time frequency analysis of the two-component vector winds. This data set was chosen for its high time resolution (1-h sampling) that enabled the full characterization of these inertial oscillations, its at least partially global coverage, and its record length, which is needed to extract the signals from the background noise. The observation system is comprised of over 200 sites with measurements as far back as 1972. Because of the large amount of data, many harmonics of the diurnal atmospheric tidal signature in the surface winds (24, 12, 8, and 3 h) were found in high-precision power spectra. These tidal oscillations are found to be important contributors to the inertial range oscillation at latitudes of 30°, where the largest inertial range oscillations are found. By turning to local (in time) spectral analysis using the S-transform, considerable energy was also found in the inertial frequency ranges at other latitudes, typically in the form of very large (>10 m s—1), yet short-lived (of the order of a few days) events. The surface wind rotation direction in near inertial frequency bands favors resonant inertial oscillations at all latitudes, and in every season of the year.


Flexible and uniquely network-structured polyaniline (PANi) and polypyrrole (PPy) supported Pt and Ag catalysts were synthesized using eggshell membrane as a template and explored for the methanol oxidation reaction (MOR) for proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) application. The scanning electron microscopy observation showed a hierarchically ordered macroporous network of PANi and PPy. Due to the difference of polymer and metal essences, Pt was in the form of nanoparticles and Ag was in the form of nanofibers on the surfaces of PANi and nanoflakes on PPy. Energy dispersive X-ray spectra, thermal gravimetric analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction patterns and X-ray photoelectron spectra were used to characterize the resultant catalysts. The results revealed that the prepared flexible catalysts had a Pt loading of 7.5 and 7.48 wt% in Pt/PANi and Pt/PPy, and a Ag loading of 11.3 and 5.78 wt% in Ag/PANi and Ag/PPy, respectively. The PANi network was in its crystalline structure, which was expected to provide very high conductivities and electrochemical properties. The cyclic voltammetric studies at room temperature showed an excellent electrocatalytic activity for MOR in acidic medium. The catalysts were also checked in the electro-oxidation of methanol at high temperatures, a much higher electrocatalytic activity at 200 °C than that at 50 °C and good stability made them potential candidates for high-temperature PEMFCs. Combined with the mechanical strength, it is believed that PANi-based catalysts are more useful in MOR applications. The excellent properties, alterable supports, simple preparation procedure and low cost allow these catalysts to be used in high-temperature PEMFCs and other fields.


Meningitis is the most common manifestation of invasive meningococcal disease (IMD), occurring in approximately 50% of all cases. It is characterized by sudden onset, very rapid progression, and a high case fatality rate even with early and appropriate treatment. The purpose of this case report is to increase the awareness of health care professionals about the seriousness of IMD, so it should be considered in differential diagnosis with top priority in certain cases even in absence of risk factors, and emphasize that excellent outcome can be achieved by early employment of appropriate therapy. In this case report, we review an adult male, with no past medical history of significance, who presented with IMD, and was successfully treated in the intensive care unit with prompt initiation of IV antibiotics, ventilation support and multidisciplinary approach in management.


Background: Lateral lengthening calcaneal osteotomies (LLCOT) are commonly used to treat flexible pes planovalgus deformity. Different operative techniques have been described. The aim of this study was to examine which anatomic structures were affected by 2 different osteotomy techniques. Methods: Two experienced foot and ankle surgeons each performed an Evans (E)- or Hintermann (H) osteotomy on 7 cadaver feet. The mean age of the donors was 80.4 ± 4.4 years. Eight left and 6 right feet were prepared. Previously identified structures at risk were prepared and evaluated. Results: After H-LLCOT, there was no damage of the peroneus longus tendon, whereas after E-LLCOT, damage was noted in 1 case (14.3%). The peroneus brevis tendon was once cut after H-LLCOT and eroded after E-LLCOT. In one cadaver, the sural nerve was partially damaged after H-LLCOT but in no case after E-LLOCT. The calcaneal anterior and medial articular facets were intact after H-LLCOT in 100% and 85.7% and after E-LLCOT in 42.9% and 71.4%, respectively. The posterior articular surface was not affected in any cadaver. Conclusion: Anatomic structures can be damaged after both osteotomies. With the Hintermann osteotomy, the calcaneal anterior and medial articular surface can be protected to a larger extent than with the Evans osteotomy. Clinical Relevance: The Hintermann osteotomy seems to be superior, regarding damage of the articular surfaces of the subtalar joint. These findings have to be correlated with biomechanical and clinical studies before a final recommendation can be given, which osteotomy is superior.


[Objective]The study was designed to induce bone-marrow mononuclear cells (MNCS) differentiating into endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) in vitro and to seed them on polyurethane small diameter artificial blood vessel, in order to provide source cells for the endothelization of small diameter artificial vessel. [Methods] The bone marrow mononuclear cells of healthy adult were acquired and put in DMEM culture which was coated with fibronectin, and induced by vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF). The differentiated endothelial cells were observed and identified by fluorescent microscope and immunohistochemical analysis, seeded on the polyurethane small-diameter artificial vessels, and observed by scanning electronic microscope. [Results] Under the induction factors such as VEGF and bFGF, bone marrow mononuclear cells differentiated into EPCs. They presented typical "spindle-shaped" appearance and formed a monolayer that arrayed in "cobblestone-like" morphology. Identifications of immunohistochemical analysis indicated that they were positively stained for von Willebrand factor (VWF) and CD34 antigen. The unseeded polyurethane small-diameter artificial vessel showed polyporous honeycomb structure under observation of scanning electronic microscope. The size of the hole suited the crawling of EPCs. After being seeded with the EPCs, the cells showed adhesion, crawling, and spreading on the polyurethane vessel surface. Some cells grew into the honeycomb-like holes.[Conclusion]The present study demonstrates that the EPCs may be used as source cells for the endo-thelization of small diameter artificial vessels.


Facilities management (FM) has evolved as a profession and academic interest over recent years. FM covers a wide spectrum of functions with the maintenance and operations task consuming the bulk of FM budget. A brief overview of FM is provided to highlight its increasing importance. This paper describes a systematic approach of conducting facilities audit; SPRINT. This approach enables management to determine services that are in need of attention and improvement. We identify the similarities of SPRINT to a typical Six-Sigma roadmap and provide a plausible integration of SPRINT with other established methodology synergistically into an analogous Six-Sigma roadmap for a holistic approach to ensure improved facilities maintenance management.


The paper presents an analysis of Joko Pinurbos Tuhan Datang Malam Ini translated intoGod Came Tonight. In this paper, the translation of the original version is seen closely tosee its equivalence strategies, referring to Nidas framework, applied to the production of thetranslation. The equivalence explained in the discussion covers both formal and dynamic. Thediscussion in the paper leads to three major conclusions, namely: (1) figurativeness in a poemcan be preserved by the help of formal equivalence, (2) the type of equivalence depends onhow far translators bring it to the translation, and (3) translators need to have broadknowledge to supply their work in translation, especially in that of poetry.Keywords: Joko Pinurbo, Nidas framework, formal, and dynamic equivalence.


Technologies Shaping Instruction and Distance Education: New Studies and Utilizations offers insight into evolving methodologies and tools impacting education in the 21st century. Investigations of topics such as Web-based forums, multimedia tools and mobile e-learning benefit students, educators, and researchers who develop and use new pedagogical technologies and techniques.


Summary The analyses of two coals from the Great Scar Limestone of the Ingleton district are here compared with two typical Yorkshire coals and high rank coals of South Wales and Durham. They are shown to be high rank, non-caking coals, quite unlike the normal Yorkshire seams, but with analyses which are similar to those of high rank coals from other parts of Britain.


This letter demonstrates a new instability scenario of grid-connected voltage source converter (VSC) - limit induced bifurcation (LIB) caused by the current reference limit from the outer control loop. When the current reference reaches limit, the control structure of the VSC and the equations of the system switch. The outer control loop is actually removed from the equations. The eigenvalues of the system change as well. When the current limit exceeds a critical value, the system may immediately become oscillatorily unstable when encountering the limit and LIB occurs. Eigenvalue analysis is conducted and time-domain simulation is utilized to verify the results.


Background: Human coronaviruses (HCoVs) are a significant cause of acute respiratory illness (ARI) in children; however, the role of HCoVs in ARI among hospitalized children in the Middle East is not well defined. Methods: Children under 2 years admitted with fever and/or respiratory symptoms were enrolled from 2010 to 2013 in Amman, Jordan. Nasal/throat swabs were collected and stored for testing. Demographic and clinical characteristics were collected through parent/guardian interviews and medical chart abstractions. Prior stored specimens were tested for HCoVs (HKU1, OC43, 229E and NL63) by qRT-PCR. Results: Of the 3168 children enrolled, 6.7% were HCoVs-positive. Among HCoV-positive children, the median age was 3.8 (1.9–8.4) months, 59% were male, 14% were premature, 11% had underlying medical conditions and 76% had viral-codetection. The most common presenting symptoms were cough, fever, wheezing and shortness of breath. HCoVs were detected year-round, peaking in winter-spring months. Overall, 56%, 22%, 13% and 6% were OC43, NL63, HKU1 and 229E, respectively. There was no difference in disease severity between the species, except higher intensive care unit admission frequency in NL63-positive subjects. Conclusions: HCoVs were detected in around 7% of children enrolled in our study. Despite HCoV detection in children with ARI with highest peaks in respiratory seasons, the actual burden and pathogenic role of HCoVs in ARI merits further evaluation given the high frequency of viral codetection.


This paper introduces several things on the exploitation and application on Technology of New Energy Sources, and it is necessary that New Energy Sources are exploited in our country. At the same time, it is advised that a sustaining road of exploiting New Energy Sources adapts to our country's condition.


Alagille syndrome (AGS) is a dominantly inherited multisystem disorder caused by heterozygous mutations of genes that are components of the Notch signaling pathway. The main clinical manifestations of AGS are intrahepatic bile duct paucity, congenital heart defects involving primarily the pulmonary arteries, butterfly vertebrae, anterior chamber defects of the eye and facial dysmorphism.
 A male patient of 39 years old came to our observation due to the worsening of dyspnea, cyanosis, dizziness, heartbeat and asthenia for about two years. His cardiological history includes percutaneous pulmonary artery angioplasty in both left and right main pulmonary artery in 1994. In 2012, finding of pulmonary hypertension and diagnosis of Alagille syndrome confirmed by genetic analysis (JAG1 gene), and vasoreactivity testing of the pulmonary circulation was positive. Intrastent restenosis of the right lobar pulmonary artery treated with POBA in 2016. Patient therapy includes, diltiazem 60 mg OD, macitentan 10 mg OD, sildenafil 40 mg TID. Echocardiogram showed: preserved global and segmental systolic function. Minimal mitral valve insufficiency. Dilated right ventricle (RV / LV> 1), ipokinetic. Right atrium of increased size. Mild tricuspid valve insufficiency (VD-AD 20 mmHg). reduced systolic flow acceleration time (80 msec). Inferior vena cava of normal caliber with preserved inspiratory collapse. Indirect signs of pulmonary hypertension. The six minutes walking test showed severe desaturation after only one hundred meters.
 Right catheterization showed severe pulmonary hypertension (PAPm 63 mmHg). blood gas analysis showed oxygen saturation of 83% in the pulmonary artery. Angiography of the pulmonary arteries showed intrastent restenosis on the left pulmonary artery and fracture of the stent on the right pulmonary artery. For which was performed angioplasty with stent intrastent implantation in the right pulmonary artery.
 After the procedure there was immediate reduction in pulmonary mean arterial pressure (53 mmHg), a progressive improvement in 02 saturation (88% at discharge) while the echocardiogram after the procedure results unchanged except for the increasing of the systolic flow acceleration time (100 msec).
 Right catheterization showed a gradient trans-stenosis of 96 mmHg. We performed angioplasty with stent intrastent implantation in the right pulmonary artery.
 After that we saw a drop in the gradient trans-stenosis (63 mmHg) and a raise in the systolic pressure of the left pulmonary artery.
 In Conclusion, in this particular population of patients with pulmonary hypertension even if on maximal therapy, the worsening of symptoms should in our opinion be an indication for right cardiac catheterization and angiography of the pulmonary arteries.


ANS (autonomous navigation system) is an expert system which builds navigation plans, understands the current environment, and controls a surface ship. The most ideal way to test ANS is available after it is installed into a real surface ship. however, it is impossible to implement into a real ship. since it costs too much to develop the hardware interfaces just for testing. The most appropriate way for testing is to develop a simulation system for a surface ship and apply it. A simulation system for a surface ship consists of two sub-systems : one is a ship movement simulation system to imitate the physical movement characteristics of the ship, and the other is an environmental objects simulation system to build up surroundings of the ship. In this paper, we design and develop a surface ship movement simulation system which imitates its physical movement characteristics by using a motion equation for surface ship.


Background. The period of growth and development of infants is a golden period as well as a critical period of development of a person that is at the age of 0-12 months. It is said that the golden period because infancy lasts very short and can not be repeated again. Growth and development deviations must be detected early, especially before the age of 3 years because it is a golden period. The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of the influence of baby gym on Motor Rough Motor Delayed Development Ages 3-12 months in Posyandu Melati Purbayan Kotagede. Research methods. This research is a quasi experimental study, in Posyandu, Melati Kotagede, Yogyakarta has a population of 26 infants and after investigators there are 17 infants aged 3-12 months experiencing delays in gross motor development. The results. The hypothesis in this study uses a paired static sample t-test technique. Infants analyzed using paired sample t-test, obtained a probability value (p value) of 0,000. Probability value is smaller than 0.05 (p <0.05), that there is an influence of baby gym on increasing gross motor skills of children aged 3-12 months. Keyword: Development, gross motor age 3-12 months, baby gym


Generally, most children became vulnerable to potential learning loss during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, empirical evidence on households as vulnerability factor to children's potential learning loss in Ghana does not exist to guide policy decisions and scholarly discourse. Through a national household survey underpinned by a disaster risk reduction framework, this paper examines the vulnerability of Ghanaian school children to perceived learning loss during the COVID-9 pandemic school closures. The findings of this study indicate that household efforts to mitigate the COVID-19 pandemic's impact on the risk of potential learning loss among school children varied disproportionately across wealth quintiles and geographic locations. It is, however, revealing that about 29% of households in the richest wealth quintiles did not take deliberate actions to mitigate the risk of potential learning loss among their children. Against these revealing findings, we conclude that households' decisions to support their children's learning during the pandemic-induced school closures may not be based on economic reasons alone. Consistent with this finding, we recommend the exploration of additional factors and dynamics of understanding potential and perceived learning outcomes.


If the quiet-time interplanetary magnetic field near the earth is parallel to the solar wind, the flow of this "collision-free" plasma over the geomagnetic cavity is reducible to an equivalent hypersonic "blunt-body problem" in ordinary gasdynamics. The shape of the converging "tail" portion of the geomagnetic cavity is determined by an equivalent gasdynamic (PrandtlMeyer) expansion along the surface streamline. The length of the tail measured from the earth's center is about 54 earth-radii. At the aft end of the cavity, the converging plasma flow is deflected back to the axial direction across an oblique tail or "wake" shock, which decays to an Alfven wave in a distance of some 10-20 cavity diameters downstream, or about 300 earth-radii. The geomagnetic cavity leaves a wake of hot plasma in the solar wind, and a corresponding defect in magnetic field intensity. The effects of a transverse component of the interplanetary magnetic field are illustrated by considering the flow along the stagnation line between the bow shock and the stagnation point on the magnetosphere. The axial velocity and plasma density both vanish at the stagnation point, whereas the transverse magnetic field reaches its maximum value there. This discussion furnishes the necessary first step for the analysis of the flow and magnetic field around the magnetosphere.


This is a supplementary text for the exhibition –Detour– and cannot be considered separately. In this enquiry, the relation between art and space will be examined in detail, through my works in Detour –which are artistic installations– in order to find an answer to that question: How can boundaries between an artwork and space disappear? I will discuss a series of works that have been produced within the scope of their relation with space and social engagement. According to Marc Auge's definition of 'non-place', chosen non-places of the Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences in Sabanci University will be evaluated and their characteristics as non-places will be reversed via artworks, which are the result of the concept, that Nicolas Bourriaud called 'relational aesthetics'. As a conclusion, how and why these works relate to space, how medium affects their relation and the results of that relation will be reviewed.


14 children with central nervous system gangliogliomas are reviewed. The tumors were most frequently located in the cerebral hemisphere and often were cystic and calcified. Total removal was performed


In this paper we analyze a design experiment aimed at supporting the professional development in statistics of twelve middle-school teachers in the United States. We explain how adopting a sociocultural framework allowed us to account for teachers' struggles to make sense of instructional practices in statistics that place students' reasoning at the center of instructional decision-making. We also account for how the adoption of the sociocultural framework allowed us to envision a viable way in which to better support the professional development of the participating teachers.


The paper fully summarizes and analyses the procedures of the elementary geometry's development and on this basis, it proposes the new ideas of reform for the subject: Elementary Geometry Research in the higher teachers universities.


The present invention relates to a process for preparing a supported metal catalyst or a supported catalyst alloy. To provide a method by means of which catalysts can be prepared which have a relatively high proportion of catalytically active metal or alloy of catalytically active, a method is proposed, comprising the following steps: a) contacting a support with a metal nanoparticulate suspension or with a nanoparticulate suspension alloy; b) removing the suspension medium; d) optionally stabilizing the supported metal or alloy catalyst.


The capacity for metoprolol α-hydroxylation, O-dealkylation oxidation and renal excretion was determined by HPLC measuring concentrations of metoprolol(M), α-hydroxymetoprolol (HM) and metoprolol acid(MA)in 0-8h urine after an ora1 Single dose of 100mg metoprolol tartrate.In100 healthy volunteers, for α-hydroxylation of metoprolol the distribution of the log M/HM 8 h urinary ratio was bimodal and 2 poor metabolisers(PMs) were identified (antimode 1 .09). The median M/HM ratio was 1 .94(range 0. 34-12.28) in 98 extensive metabolisers (EMs) ; the M/HM valueswere 306. 0 and 640. 3 in 2 PMs respectively. For O-dealkylation-oxidation ofmetoprolol the distribution of the log M/MA 8h urinary ratio was unimodal(the median M/MA ratio was 0. 198 (range 0.050-0. 715) ), however, therewas a significant high correlation between the M/HM and M/MA ratios (r_s=0.95, p0.001), and the values for the M/MA ratio in PMs (being 0.406and 0.575 respectively) were at the upper end of the range. The results suggest: (1 )e incidence of PMs of metoprolol α-hydroxylation in Chinese population is about 2%, which is similar to those(1-1 .4%)of debrisoquine 4-hydroxylation in Chinese populations reported recently,but much lower than the 8.4% in Caucacian population reported by McGourty; (2)the O-dealkylation-oxidation of metoprolol is poorer in PMs than in EMs, (3) compared with those in Caucacian, the frequency distribution curves of metoprolol α-hydroxylation and 0-dealkylation-oxidation shifts to right,the main reason is probably related to a higher capacity for the kidney to excrete unchanged metoprolol in Chinese.


The standards of demand, diversity and load density are necessary to create the reasonable design method of a transformer capacity that is seldom presented in terms for academic study. At the moment, both legal and institutional standards for such a transformer capacity are insufficient both at home and abroad. This paper shows a reasonable design method that was made by the systematic and statistical way considering actual conditions, such as investigated contract power and peak power for the last 5 years of each customer for 34 apartment customers with design data of electrical installations. The works described in this thesis strongly support more reasonable standards for calculating transformer capacity by correlating the analysis between the maximum utilization factor of a given transformer with those of a transformer capacity whose power consumption has been investigated within apartments. In this dissertation, it is necessary to analyze the key features and general trend from the investigated data. It made an analysis of the feature parameters, such as average, median, maximum, minimum and thus it was carried by the linear and nonlinear regression analysis.


This paper presents a defected metasurface for efficiency enhancement of wireless power transfer localization. To examine this study, the WPT system composes of large Tx small Rx and 5x5 metasurface, which is designed at the operating frequency of 13.56 MHz. Simulated results show that the efficiency of WPT with defected metasurface of 38% when the Rx is placed at the corner unit cell metasurface. Such efficiency result equal the uniform metasurface case with Rx at center.


The enormous volume of tele-traffic generated due to data-absorbing applications, namely online games, high definition video streaming, and wearable devices necessitates a paradigm shift in network architecture modeling for sustainable Quality of Service (QoS). Ultra-dense Heterogeneous network (UDHN) is one of the frontrunners in this racetrack. In UDHNs, user-centric capacity-driven small cells are deployed where low power eNodeBs (SeNB) are underlaid in tiered manner with traditional Macro eNBs (MeNB) forming multi-tier UDHN. This paper aims to model a three-tier UDHN model using spatially clustered homogeneous Poison Point Process (SCHPPP) consisting one tier of MeNBs and two tier of SeNBs for the coverage and rate analysis in designing deployment architecture in Indian urban scenarios. Comparative results among several cases having different combination of 5G frequency bands are analyzed which advocates that the proposed three-tier UDHN serves as an effective solution to guarantee QoS in terms of improved coverage and rate.


The present invention relates to methods for reducing the transpiration of the body and / or to reduce the induced by transpiration body odor, wherein said phosphate-containing antiperspirant cosmetic products (M1) are applied to the human skin and remain on the application site for at least 1 hour. The use of at least one phosphate compound in this process results in an antiperspirant effect or to reduce the odor caused by welding body.


Transforming growth factor 81 (TGF-81) regulates the growth, differentiation, or function of nearly all cell types. We now  report hat  TGF-81  increases steady-state levels of its own message in six different normal and transformed cells in culture. Accumulation of TGF-81 mRNA can be detected by Northern blot analysis within 3 h of addition of the peptide to cells, and enhanced message levels persist as long as TGF81 is present in the culture medium. This autoinduction is half-maximal at -10 PM TGF-81, and maximal stimulation corresponds to a 2-3-fold increase in transcript levels. In normal rat kidney cells, the rise in TGF-81 mRNA is actinomycin D-sensitive and is accompanied by a parallel (-3-fold) increase in secretion of TGF-81 protein in the culture medium of treated cells, as detected by immunoprecipitation of biosynthetically labeled S6S-labeled TGF-81 using specific anti-TGF-81 antibodies. Treatment of normal rat kidney cells with either epidermal growth factor or platelet-derived growth factor also results in an increase in TGF-81 mRNA (2-3-fold), although epidermal growth factor and TGF-81 appear to act via distinct mechanisms since their combined effects are greater than additive.


HE World Bank, in a recent development report, has said that by the year 2000, of the 52 ― cities that will have populations in the excess of five million, 40 will be in developing countries. Some of these cities are already notorious for their squalor, poor housing, inadequate sanitation, public services, conges) tion, pollution and chronic unemployment. All this is likely to get worse, especially where this explosion takes the form of a miasmic urban sprawl around places like Calcutta, Sao Paulo, Bombay and Mexico City. This latter is saddled with a frightening forecast of becoming a megapolis of 32,000,000. Inevitably urban development programmes are unbalanced with bias towards city centres, ring roads, airports and all the usual status symbols of emerging nations. This benefits only a small elite. Slum clearance, decent housing, pure drinking water, sanitation and public cleansing come much further down the priority list. Such cities will present tremendous challenges, even to maintain a minimum of civilised standards. They also present opportunities and we should be thinking about them.


Calculated neutron momentum distributions are presented for the reaction {sup 11}Li+{sup 12}C{r_arrow}{sup 9}Li+2{ital n} at a beam energy of 280 MeV/nucleon. Different assumptions were made about the average distance between the two outer (halo) neutrons of the {sup 11}Li projectile. The purpose was to discover whether the measurement of neutron momentum distributions and fragment cross sections could provide information about the distribution of distance between the two neutrons. {copyright} {ital 1996 The American Physical Society.}


Mexico faces an enormous challenge in attending mental health disorders with depression rising as one of the five main contributors to disability adjusted life years (DALYs) and increasing suicide rates. These challenges are coupled with a dearth of resources and an inefficient allocation of the meager funds. While no magical bullet is available to ameliorate this situation in the short term, here we discuss current concepts and experiences that could be used in Mexico to deliver better primary mental health care. We focus on depression and suicidal behavior and argue that collaborative care is a feasible and replicable model, emphasizing the importance of training non-specialized primary care personnel to become case managers and provide primary mental health care. Mexi-co is currently undergoing a process of changes, including the emergence of universal health care. The time seems right to make mental health care more transversal, widely available and scientifically proven.


ABSTRACT This paper is a sequel to 'Belnap-Dunn semantics for natural implicative expansions of Kleene's strong three-valued matrix with two designated values', where a 'bivalent' Belnap-Dunn semantics is provided for all the expansions referred to in its title. The aim of the present paper is to carry out a parallel investigation for all natural implicative expansions of Kleene's strong 3-valued matrix now with only one designated value.


Different aspects of the operational constraints of remote sensing inverse problems are thoroughly investigated by simulation studies, using a deterministic method, namely regularized total least squares (RTLS). For demonstration purposes, water vapor profiles retrievals from simulated Suomi NPP Cross-track Infrared Souder (CrIS) hyperspectral measurements are considered. Synthetic CrIS radiances are generated using a line-by-line radiative transfer model (GENSPECT) with ~424 realistic radiosonde profiles and US 1976 standard atmosphere as inputs. These results are also compared with those from a prevalent stochastic method. Our findings show that the stochastic method, even with additional deterministic constraints (truncated singular value decomposition) applied on top of it, is often unable to produce useful retrieval results, i.e., posterior error is more than the a priori error. In contrast, RTLS is able to produce deterministically unique results according to the available information content in the measurements, which could result in a paradigm shift in operational satellite inversion.


Lossy dielectric and magnetic obstacles are typically present in many high-frequency scattering applications. We study this problem using the equivalence principle and the method of moments (MoM). When the structure is complex and high accuracy is required; the number of unknowns in the numerical solution naturally grows. Therefore, we propose the use of wavelet-like bases to improve the numerical efficiency and memory requirements. For verification purposes, the results provided by the new technique are successfully compared with those obtained with the conventional MoM approach. The new technique has been applied to characterize the scattering behavior of large square and elliptical obstacles which are composed of lossy dielectric and magnetic media.


An image compression method based on a new class of wavelet-nonseparable wavelet is proposed.Some wavelet filter banks with different characteristics(such as orthogonality,symmetric,vanishing moment) are constructed.Using these filters,an image compression method in non-separable wavelet-domain is implemented;the comparative studies of the application of the non-separable wavelet transform and the tensor product wavelet transform in case of different characteristics are proposed.Experimental results show that non-separable wavelet is a class of multi-dimensional wavelet with good application potentials,which has more advantages compared with wavelet and multi-wavelet.


Dear Editor, On 16 January 2021, India launched the 'World's largest Vaccination Drive' with two vaccine candidates against SARSCoV2 infection.1 As an increasing number of people are being vaccinated worldwide, various cutaneous adverse effects such as morbilliform rash, erythema multiforme, 'COVID arm', leukocytoclastic vasculitis, pityriasis rosea, reactivation of herpes zoster and functional angiopathies are being reported.2 A case of erythema elevatum diutinum following the COVID19 vaccination has been reported in Italy.3 We report a 42yearold woman who presented with complaints of asymptomatic raised red lesions over both forearms for 6 weeks. The patient had a history of COVID vaccination (ChAdOx1 nCoV19, nonreplicating viral vector vaccine) 2 weeks prior to the onset of the lesions. No fever, weight loss or fatigue, joint pain, loss of sensation, photosensitivity, ocular symptoms, abdominal pain, bowel disturbances were noted in the recent past. On examination, three welldefined annular erythematous plaque coalescing at the margins with scaling and hyperpigmentation on the inner margins were noted on the dorsum of both hands. Clinical differential diagnosis of acute febrile neutrophilic dermatosis, leprosy, granuloma annulare, erythema elevatum diutinum were considered. Routine blood investigations such as complete blood count, blood sugar, liver function, urine microscopy and renal function were done which were found to be within normal limits except for slight eosinophilia (8.9%). Increased ESR (50 mm/h) and CRP were positive (9.7 mg/mL). Screening for HIV was negative. Slit skin smear examination was negative; serum rheumatoid factor, ANA and ANCA were negative. Serum complement level of C1 and C3 was normal. On histopathology examination of skin specimen, epidermis showed hyperkeratosis and spongiosis with dermis showing marked perivascular infiltrate of neutrophils, lymphocytes and nuclear debris(karyorrhexis). Endothelial swelling and with focal disruption of vessel walls with fibrinoid necrosis of vessel and extravasated RBCs suggestive of leukocytoclastic vasculitis present. Direct immunofluorescence test was not performed. A diagnosis of erythema elevatum diutinum following SARSCoV2 vaccination was made. The patient was treated with a short course of oral prednisolone and antihistamine for 4 weeks. The patient was lost to followup, and hence the evolution of the disease or outcome to treatment could not be noted (Figures 1 and 2). Cutaneous vasculitis can present during both mild and fulminant COVID19 disease as well as after SARSCoV2 vaccination due to activation of the innate immune system and adaptive immune system resulting in the production of cytokines and antibodies, which in turn can lead to formation and deposition of antibody complexes in and around small vessel walls.4– 6 Few reports of leukocytoclastic vasculitis presenting with palpable purpura following SARSCoV2 vaccination have been documented.3,6,7 Even, associated transient laboratory abnormalities (mild proteinuria, cryoglobulinemia and slightly diminished C3 complement level) have been noted.8 A case of asymmetrical cutaneous vasculitis following COVID19 vaccination from India with unusual eosinophil preponderance has also been reported.9 PostCOVID19 vaccination, cutaneous adverse reactions like pityriasis rosea Received: 3 March 2023 | Accepted: 3 May 2023


The delignification process of banana stem wastes using Bacillus cereus was studied. This study is divided into three parts which are determination growth curve of Bacillus cereus, batch fermentation and lignin analysis using Klason method. Delignification process is functioning to degrade lignin from banana stem to get cellulose that can be used as carbon sources. Bacillus cereus is used as microorganisms to degrade lignin from the banana stem wastes. The banana stem contain 35% of cellulose on dry weight basis. The methods are divided into three parts which are preparation of raw material and microorganisms, fermentation process and lignin analysis. Fermentation is carried out aerobically at 30˚C and 37 ˚C, and 250 rpm of agitation speed for 2 days. In this process, Klason method is used to identify the percentage of lignin degraded. Based on the analysis, it shows that Bacillus cereus is able to degrade lignin from banana stem wastes. The optimum temperature for Bacillus cereus is 37°C with the average percentage of lignin degradation is 28.69%.


Research on eating disorders and body-image concerns has traditionally focused on White women and girls. Only a few studies have addressed the specific needs of racially and ethnically diverse men with eating disorders. This article reviews and presents research findings on contextual risk factors that contribute to eating disorders and body-image concerns in men and boys. First, important race- and ethnicity-related factors such as racial identity, acculturation, and experiences of discrimination are briefly discussed. Risk factors relevant for this population, including race-related factors, visual and social media, sexual orientation, muscularity, weight and obesity, and substance abuse, are then explored. Finally, implications for service providers and areas for future research are identified.


The Coster-Kronig transition probabilities ${f}_{\mathrm{ij}}$ for shifting a vacancy from the ${L}_{i}$ to the ${L}_{j}$ subshell of Ag have been measured by differential photoionization of the subshells with synchrotron radiation by observing the intensity of the ensuing ${L}_{j}$-${M}_{4}$,5${\mathrm{M}}_{4}$,5 Auger transitions. In the course of the analysis, spectator satellites in these Auger spectra were identified. The following Ag Coster-Kronig yields were determined: ${f}_{23}$=0.16\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.03, ${f}_{12}$=0.044\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.004, and ${f}_{13}$=0.61\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.05. While ${f}_{23}$ agrees very well with relativistic independent-particle calculations by Chen et al. [Phys. Rev. A 24, 117 (1981)], ${f}_{12}$ and ${f}_{13}$ fall below predictions by 35% and 18%, respectively, in qualitative accord with expected many-body effects.


Fault sealing evolution is analyzed based on normal stress calculation,and combined with migration pathway pattern division,and favorable areas of fault-lithologic reservoirs of Dainan Formation are predicted in Gaoyou depression.It is concluded that the critical value of fault sealing is 13.8 MPa.Most of the reservoir faults are open in the accumulation period and closed now.However,there is one reservoir fault sealing all the time,which is Shaoshen 1 reservoir of own source type.Two types of migration pathway patterns were divided in theory which are the high-efficient and the low-efficient types respectively.The high-efficient type developed with bottom sand,while the low-efficient without bottom sand.East Lian 12 oil-west Yong 22 oil and east Shao 14 oil are the most favorable areas of fault-lithologic reservoirs of Dainan Formation in Gaoyou depression.Deep Shaobo sub-sag to the northwest of Shaoshen 1 reservoir is the secondary favorable area.


Due to the entirely different surface form of the writing system and the large population of native speakers, Chinese (Mandarin) processing has evoked broad interest in the field of language study. Recently, fMRI with blocked design has been used in the mapping of Chinese language processing. Comparing to blocked task design, event-related task design takes the advantages of the high temporal resolution of fMRI and provides greater experimental flexibility in task design. In this study, we examine event-related fMRI (ER-fMRI) response in the processing of Chinese characters. Experiments were performed on a 1.9 T MRI scanner, with six subjects. A gradient-echo EPI sequence was used. Ten axial slices were acquired. A single Chinese character was used for each stimulus. The subjects were asked to perform a word generation task. In all the subjects, strong activation was detected in left middle to inferior prefrontal gyri. Highly left hemisphere dominance of the activation in prefrontal cortex was observed in all the subjects, with the locations in well agreement with the previous studies using blocked design. Percent maximum BOLD signal change was 1.45/spl plusmn/0.14%, averaged across the six subjects. Time-to-peak was 7.72/spl plusmn/0.31 sec, and FWHM was 5.99/spl plusmn/0.43 sec. In this study, we demonstrated that ER-fMRI signal change can be reliably detected in single subject, with response to repeated single trials of Chinese character processing. Based on this result, more sophisticated paradigm designs can be utilized in the future study of Chinese language.


The concept of environmental accounting is developing as the system of national accounts (SNA) is being revised. A basic difference at present is that environmentalists regard natural resources as assets analogous to man‐made capital, whereas they are treated as free gifts of nature in the national accounts. In this paper the author examines the consequences for the SNA of adopting the environmentalists approach to capital.


OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the incidence and cause of parenteral nutrition-induced lipogenesis.

DESIGN
Retrospective patient review.

SETTING
A 40-bed predominantly surgical ICU.

PATIENTS
One hundred forty patients receiving central venous nutrition and mechanical ventilatory support.

INTERVENTIONS
Indirect calorimetry was used to determine patient's measured energy expenditure (MEE) and respiratory quotient (RQ). Additionally total caloric intake (TCAL), glucose infusion rate, basal energy expenditure (BEE), estimated stress factor, and calculated energy expenditure (CEE) were assessed in each patient.

MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS
Net fat synthesis was found as RQs exceeded 1 in 47 percent of patients. Statistically significant differences in oxygen consumption, CO2 production, measured energy expenditure, total and carbohydrate caloric intake, and glucose infusion rate were found between groups of patients with an RQ < or = or > 1. Seventy-three percent of patients with glucose infusion rates > 4 mg/kg-min had RQs > 1.

CONCLUSIONS
Net fat synthesis was found in a surprisingly large number of critically ill patients receiving central venous nutrition. Many of these patients received carbohydrate calories in excess of their measured energy expenditure, even though it appeared that they needed this level of caloric intake by clinical assessment. The high carbohydrate total parenteral nutrition (TPN) solutions with lipids provided only for prevention of essential fatty acid depletion resulted in an unacceptably high incidence of fat synthesis. The results suggest that caloric intake may be optimized in critically ill patients using indirect calorimetry. When calorimetry is not available, a total caloric intake of up to 140 percent of the BEE with glucose infusion rates not exceeding 4 mg/kg-min and fats providing 40 to 60 percent of calories will meet the energy requirements of most critically ill patients without forcing the RQ > 1.


Melt-grown [001] single crystals of a high-alloy ZbS-type nickel-base superalloy were used to study the microstructure and high-temperature strength (at 1000°C) of that alloy after various beat treatments, as well as the stability of the microstructure under stress and temperature effects. Some trends in changes of the size and morphology of strengthening particles of the intermetallic γ' phase, whose volume fraction in the alloy may reach 60%, were investigated depending on beat treatment and thermomechanical processing. Correlations between structural changes and high-temperature strength are investigated


In this study, we examine empirically whether the tone employed in the earnings press release is related to the manager's choice of the sign and amount of the discretionary earnings reported. The results show that managers of firms with high abnormal accruals and firms just meeting or beating earnings targets tend to use more positive words in earnings press releases to hype the discretionary accounting numbers that they subsequently report in financial statements to the SEC. This evidence implies that managers strategically use tone as a complement to earnings management to manage investor perceptions.


The purpose of this paper is to provide a history of HRA and suggestions for future direction in Korea. We adopt Flamholtz et al.'s classification of periods;however, they describe papers only in chronological order for each period. Thus, we try to reclassify research papers and we also complement research papers after 2002 and add evaluations for contributions of authors per each period. The first stage is the period when basic HRA concepts were derived. Hermanson suggested a model to measure human resource value in external financial reports. Research during the second stage was characterized by a period of basic academic research to develop and assess the validity of models. The term "Human Resource Accounting" was used for the first time. The third stage was characterized as a period of rapid growth of interest in human resource accounting. The American Accounting Association published reports on the development of HRA. Research during this period is expanded focusing on three areas. The fourth stage was characterized by a decreased interest in HRA. The final stage is characterized by the increasing interest for HRA among researchers internationally and the beginning of new approach to HRA. Recently, a human resource liability approach in the measurement model was proposed and HRA is examined in the context of as one of intellectual capital disclosures and balanced scorecard. There has been little HRA research activities in Korea and very little HRA application cases from Korean firms. It would be highly appropriate for researchers and firms in Korea to cooperate for developing HRA disclosure cases associated with external reporting and internal decision making. Voluntary disclosure efforts of firms are also necessary to increase the understanding level of HRA. And, interdisciplinary efforts including accounting, human resources management, and finance are necessary to derive disclosure rules of HRA.


Abstract The southwestern Phlox species P. dolichantha, P. superba, P. stansburyi, and P. grayi are a group of morphologically similar species that differ notably in the length of their corolla tubes (approximately 35 to 45 mm, 26 to 33 mm, 19 to 25 mm, and 13 to 16 mm, respectively). We assessed insect visitation to these 4 species over 24-h periods during peak flowering. A diverse array of visitors was documented, including members of the orders Lepidoptera, Diptera, Hymenoptera, and Coleoptera. Although Phlox is generally considered to exhibit a lepidopteran pollination syndrome, all of these species experienced some visitation from non-lepidopterans. Phlox superba and P. grayi received greatest visitation from a hawkmoth (Hyles lineata), and P. dolichantha and P. stansburyi received the most visits from small flies (Anthomyia and Tachypeza, respectively). All Phlox species were visited by lepidopterans, and the hawkmoth species H. lineata was observed visiting all 4 species. Bees were only observed visiting the shorter-tubed P. stansburyi and P. grayi, although bees were present among populations of all 4 species. Our findings suggest that these Phlox species might be more generalist than previously hypothesized and that further investigation into plant-pollinator interactions in the group might contribute to our understanding of their floral evolution.


This study aims to investigate both general dietary behaviors and clinical symptoms of diet related effects among fifth grade students at an elementary school in Ulsan Metropolitan City, and to categorize those relationships in terms of their comparative differences. The findings of this study are as follows. 1. Out of 694 students polled, 53.7% were of boys and 46.2% were girls with average age of 11.9±0.3, average height of 145±6.8cm, and average weight of 39.7±9.7ㅁ. Obesity in boys (5.5%) exceeded girls (3.9%) whereas children categorized as underweight showed girls (14.6%) slightly exceeded boys (10.4%). 2. Dietary behaviors were largely the result of four factors - unbalanced diet, balanced diet, protein and fruits and healthy dietary habits. Of these factors, protein and fruits (4.04±1.03) ranked first, balanced diet (3.38±1.04) second, healthy dietary habits (3.04±1.01) third and unbalanced diet (2.23±0.6) ranked last. 3. When Dietary behaviors were classified with four low ranking factors, they were divided into four types such as convenience (22.4%), good diet (24.7%), busy contemporary modern man (24.3%) and healthy dietary habits (26%). 4. Clinical symptoms include colds (2.27±1.15) followed by headaches (2.17±1.19), stomachaches (2.16±1.15), dizziness (2.02±1.15), atopic allergy (1.95±1.30), prevalence for cold sores (1.86±1.07), allergy (1.65±1.05), and constipation (1.54±0.87). 5. According to the results, clinical symptoms were divided into two groups - unhealthy (40.1%) and healthy (59.9%). 6. By analyzing the relationship between dietary behavior types and clinical symptom types, the convenience factor included slightly more of the unhealthy group (56.3%), whereas the good diet (71.1%), busy contemporary modern person (55.8%) and healthy dietary habits (69.7%) included more of healthy group (p<.001). Since the majority of students belonging to the unhealthy group had convenience dietary behavior, education about desirable dietary activities is needed for these students. In addition, nutrition information and information on possible clinical symptoms caused by nutritional imbalance should be provided for students and their households


A comparison of a micellar slug driven by a foam versus by a polymer flood was made. The aqueous slug contained Floodaid 130 and brine (2 percent sodium chloride). Foam was generated from an aqueous brine solution of Triton X-100. The polymer flood was Dow Chemical's P-700 in the brine. Sand packs (porosity 39.4 percent, permeability 23.6 d) were saturated with the brine and flooded with 32.5/sup 0/ API California waxy crude oil. For secondary oil recovery, the slug-foam treatment obtained about 25 percent less of the original oil in place than the slug-polymer treatment. However after waterflooding with the brine, tertiary recovery by the slug-foam treatment was only about 8 percent less than the amount obtained by the slug followed by a polymer flood. Hence, tertiary oil recovery using a foam drive fluid could be economically attractive since less foaming agent than polymer is required.


We studied the effects of FK 506 (FK) on collagen arthritis in Sprague-Dawley rats and compared its effects with those of Cyclosporin (CS). A 10-day course of oral administration of FK at a dose of 6.0mg/kg/day, began on the day of type II collagen immunization, suppressed the development of arthritis as well as humoral and DTH skin test responses to type II collagen. When FK administration at a dose of 6.0mg/kg/day was started on day 7 or 14 after immunization, the arthritis index and DTH test were suppressed. FK is a cytostatic immunosuppresive agent, but the mechanism by which FK exerts its effects on the immune system is not clearly understood, but the results of the present study show the difference of immunosuppressive mechanisms between FK and CS.


Inspired by the geometry and shape of the classical radio-frequency radiator, the Hertzian dipole, here we analyze the design of a plasmonic optical dimer nanoantenna. We show how it may be possible to operate a pair of closely spaced spherical nanoparticles as an efficient optical nanoradiator, and how its tuning and matching properties may be tailored with great degree of freedom by designing suitable nanoloads placed at the dimer's gap. In this sense, we successfully apply nanocircuit concepts to model the loading nanoparticles. High levels of optical radiation efficiency are achieved, even considering the realistic absorption of optical metals, thanks to this specific geometry and design.


In this paper, we present the comparison of single-layered and multi-layered Surface Acoustic Waves based sensor for detection of Di-Chloromethane (DCM) gas. Finite Element Analysis has been carried to detect the behaviour of sensor when exposed to DCM. Two structures PIB/LiTaO3 and PIB/Al2O3/LiTaO3 are simulated in COMSOL Multiphysics. Multi-layered SAW based sensor shows high sensitivity comparatively with resonant frequency of 1.31 GHz approximately towards DCM. Also, the effect of thickness of spacer layer and atmospheric conditions on frequency shift is studied.


PCa is abnormal transformed growth in glandular prostate tissue of male reproductive system. Occasionally, it is slow growth, but some progressed rapidly. This corss-sectional study aims to evaluate the differences in counts of tumor infiltrating immune cells (CD3 & CD8), and serum soluble Fas and Fas ligand concentrations between malignant and benign PCa. Total of (17) patients with PCa were included, their ages ranged from (38-88) years. The patients visited urological surgery unit in Hilla Teaching Hospital during the period (November 2018 to October 2019). The samples comprise biopsy for estimation of tumor infiltrating CD3 & CD8 by IHC technique, and 3 mL of blood for sFas and sFasL evaluation by ELISA technique for each patient. The results showed the differences of CD3+ & CD8+ PILs counts between BPH and malignant PCa are non-significant (P value > 0.05), sFas concentrations of malignant PCa are significantly higher (P value < 0.05) than those of BPH, whereas no significant difference (P value > 0.05) in sFasL concentrations. It was concluded that prostate tumor type affects serum levels of sFas, but both CD3+ & CD8+ PILs rates and sFasL levels are not affected.


Background: PEF is a reasonably good measure of ventilatory function. It varies with various anthropometric parameters, geographical location of the subjects as well as various disease processes. Objective: To assess the relationship between PEF and certain selected anthropometric parame ters an d to devise prediction equation based upon these parameters. Material s and Methods : Three hundred healthy male adults in the age group of 18 - 60 years have Original Research Article


Vit D is a fat-soluble vitamin that is produced when ultraviolet rays from sunlight strike the skin and trigger vit D synthesis. Soranus, a Roman physician in the 1st and 2 century AD is often credited as one of the early describers of some rickets deformities. Soranus attributed these changes to inappropriate maternal hygiene and lifestyle. Whistler described the rickets skeleton as poorly mineralized and deformed while professor Glisson provided a detailed published description. During that period, rickets was endemic in England. Known as 'the English disease', it was explained by the population's urbanization. However, the mystery of nutritional vit D deficiency and its relationship with rickets was solved by sir Edward Mellanby in 1920 through an experimental demonstration and dietary manipulation of captive dogs.


Objective To observe the clinical curative effect of auricular point sticking and hitting a vital point on diabetic gastroparesis(DGP) in the patients.Methods Totally 64 cases with DGP were randomly divided into treatment group with auricular point sticking and hitting a vital point therapy and control group with medicine of Domperidone therapy respectively on the basis of conventional blood sugar control treatment.Results The total effective rate of treatment group was 87.5%,showing more effective treatment than that in control group(71.87%),and there was significant difference between the two groups(P0.05).Conclusions Auricular point sticking and hitting a vital point therapy can cure the DGP with better effection and more simple,convenient,inexpensive and continue on the basis of conventional blood sugar control treatment.


354 The Manufacturing Technology Group at Cranfield has been awarded a three-year contract by the Department of Trade and Industry (NPL Ship Division) to develop and provide a fluidically controlled roll damping system for a small coastal vessel. The stages envisaged include (a) laboratory design of the system by analysis and experiment; (b) design and construction of the prototype sea-going system; (c) laboratory development of the sea-going prototype system; (d) sea trials of the system. The aim of the current project is to develop and build a practical system based on the use of vortex rate sensors and linear accelerometers which have been developed in a previous DTI research contract. The vortex rate sensor is a pure fluid device which gives a differential pressure signal proportional to the rate of rotation in space of the sensor body and can produce a signal of the order of 3 mm H20/degree/second; it is at present useful down to roll rates of less than 0·5 degree per second. As part of a programme of test and development in the laboratory and under practical conditions, a vortex rate sensor has spent over 1000 hours at sea in the MV Miranda during which period it proved completely reliable. Fig 1 shows the sensor mounted in a standard equipment compartment for ship-board trials, complete with supply filters, pressure regulators and read-out transducer. The linear accelerometer developed uses a 'tonventional seismic mass spool with air bearing support, to minimise friction and hysteresis, coupled with reverse flow nozzle flapper valve sensors at each end to provide output signals. Sensitivities in the range of 1000-3000 mm H20 per unit gravitational acceleration (g) are obtainable for accelerations greater than ± 0·5 g with resolution better than ± 0·01 g and natural frequency of the order of 100 Hz. Fig 2 shows the accelerometer on its static test rig. Any organisations interested in obtaining further information or establishing cooperation with the project group are invited to contact C. J. Charnley, Manufacturing Technology Group, School of Production Studies, Cranfield Institute of Technology, Cranfield, Bedford.


According to the Kyoto Protocol, Slovenia is required to reduce GHG emissions to an average of 8% below base year 1986 emissions in the period 2008-2012. Slovenia established different measures for reducing GHG emissions long before its ratification. It was first transition country who implemented CO2 tax in the 1997. Several changes in CO2 tax have not brought the desired results. CO2 emissions have actually increased. At the beginning of 2005, Slovenia joined other EU member states by implementing the emissions trading instrument, defined by new EU Directive. At the same time, Slovenia has adopted a new CO2 tax system, which is compatible with the new circumstances. The main purpose of this paper is to present the characteristics of Slovenian approach to national allocation plan for emissions trading and analyze the problems of the CO2 tax in Slovenia. Paper also describes the compliance cost of achieving the Kyoto target and expected movements on the Slovenian allowances market.


The epidemic spread is definitely connected to the human social relationships and activities, and as a typical complex network, social network could be used to describe the relationships and activities between human beings. This paper proposed the recovery method for the incomplete relationship data in real complex social network according to statistical sampling. The epidemic spread model based on strength values of different relationships in social network was implemented according to the traditional SEIR model. The real demographic data were applied for simulation and analysis of epidemic spread in social network. The results showed the epidemic spread in social network is compatible with the macrocosmic spread and expressed the clustering characteristic of social network.


We identified a subgroup of ataxia-telangiectasia (AT) patients (2 sibs and 1 unrelated case) characterized by typical clinical manifestations of the disease and cellular radiosensitivity intermediate between classical AT and normal subjects. Our data and a literature review of the intermediate radiosensitivity AT cases show that radioresistant DNA synthesis, cellular radiosensitivity (measured in terms of survival and chromosome breakage), and the clinical hallmarks behave independently. This raises a number of interesting questions about the correlation between radiobiological and clinical features, and about the nature of the AT gene(s).


FK506 (Tacrolimus) has the potential to decrease cerebral ischemia‐reperfusion injury. However, the clinical trial of FK506 as a neuroprotectant failed due to adverse side effects. This present study aimed to conduct the selective delivery of FK506 to damaged regions, while at the same time reducing the dosage of FK506, by using a liposomal drug delivery system. First, the cytoprotective effect of polyethylene glycol‐modified liposomes encapsulating FK506 (FK506‐liposomes) on neuron‐like pheochromocytoma PC12 cells was examined. FK506‐liposomes protected these cells from H2O2‐induced toxicity in a dose‐dependent manner. Next, we investigated the usefulness of FK506‐liposomes in transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (t‐MCAO) rats. FK506‐liposomes accumulated in the brain parenchyma by passing through the disrupted blood‐brain barrier at an early stage after reperfusion had been initiated. Histological analysis showed that FK506‐liposomes strongly suppressed neutrophil invasion and apoptotic cell death, events that lead to a poor stroke outcome. Corresponding to these results, a single injection of FK506‐liposomes at a low dosage significantly reduced cerebral cell death and ameliorated motor function deficits in t‐MCAO rats. These results suggest that liposomalization of FK506 could reduce the administration dose by enhancing the therapeutic efficacy; hence, FK506‐liposomes should be a promising neuroprotectant after cerebral stroke.—Ishii, T., Asai, T., Oyama, D., Agato, Y., Yasuda, N., Fukuta, T., Shimizu, K., Minamino, T., Oku, N. Treatment of cerebral ischemia‐reperfusion injury with PEGylated liposomes encapsulating FK506. FASEB J. 27, 1362–1370 (2013). www.fasebj.org


The present invention discloses a packaging and applicator device of a substance, the apparatus comprising: a storage container material, the container comprising: a first member and a second member, the first member relative to a user may be a second rotatable member; and an applicator; the second component determines the at least one surface in contact with the substance inside the container, the applicator is provided and the surface, such that when rotating the surface, pressure may be applied to the substance, causes the substance to move the applicator, a first member blocking surface is determined, and when the end of the rotation of the second member, the surface energy at least partially facing said blocking surface.


Warping, also known as control grid interpolation, estimates intensities in the present frame through an interpolation of motion vectors-typically with bilinear interpolation. This paper presents a method for computing optimal interpolation parameters for warping prediction. Conventional bilinear warping, while mostly effective, has been known to exhibit unreliable performance in certain situations. Since both block-matching (BMA) and bilinear warping are candidate solutions for optimal warping, the performance of optimal warping is lower bounded by both bilinear warping and BMA, therefore vastly reducing the inconsistency problem. Furthermore, this optimality criterion is applicable to any category of motion vector, including that of block-matching. Thus we are able to demonstrate the optimal usage, under linear operations in the motion domain, of BMA motion vectors.


We apply three alternative statistical learning methods to estimate optical transmission impairments (e.g., noises, chromatic dispersion) from synchronous histograms. Linear regression yields good accuracy. A more sophisticated locally weighted regression technique performs better.


The severe economic crisis affecting Greece is widely expected to have a significant social impact in terms of greater inequality and increased poverty. We provide an early assessment of whether (and to what extent) this is the case. More specifically, we distinguish between two inter-related factors: on the one hand, the austerity measures taken to reduce fiscal deficits; on the other hand, the wider recession. Using the European tax-benefit model EUROMOD we attempt to quantify the distributional implications of both. With respect to the austerity measures, we focus on the changes introduced in spring 2010 in income tax, public sector pay and pension benefits. With respect to the wider recession, we attempt to estimate the distributional impact of the recent rise in unemployment by adjusting the model's input dataset in the light of recent Labour Force Survey data. We simulate the (ceteris paribus) impact of these changes on the distribution of incomes, while also estimating how the total burden of the crisis is shared across income groups, taking into account tax evasion and benefit non take up. We conclude by discussing the methodological pitfalls and policy implications of our research.


KUHAR, Aleš and Luka JUVANCIC, 2007. Can EU accession reduce regional development disparities in Slovenia? Bulg. J. Agric. Sci., 13: 433-447 The paper investigates economic convergence of the Eastern Slovenia region in the changed economic and policy environment after the accession to the EU. The likely impacts of cohesion and agricultural policy in the period of the Community financial perspective 2007-2013 are analysed by the regional Input–Output model estimated with modified GRIT methodology. Results of the impact analysis within the various policy scenarios suggest that: (i) transfers from the cohesion and agricultural policy stimulate economic growth of the region; (ii) budgetary inflows stimulates economic convergence of the region; (iii) dynamic of the regional convergence is significantly dependant from the selected regionalisation at the NUTS 2 level; (iv) model results disconfirm a popular opinion regarding low redistributive effects of the CAP expenditure.


To the question of air-material-requirement forecast,based on the analysis and study of a couple of factors which can affect the air material requirement,the paper tries to use the improvable back-propagation network to do the emulate experiment of forecast.The result shows that the improvable back-propagation network can do a good job in the application of the history data and can make an exact forecast.


AMERICAN public education, like Gaul and so many other things, can be divided into three parts, even if only roughly and approximately. The first part consists of the schools of rural, small-town, small-city, and suburban America. These sectors constitute by far the greater part of the U. S., and it is in this broad belt of America that we find the people who give high marks to their schools on the whole, much to the dismay of researchers who know that the schools and the children can do better. In these areas, for the most part, school districts are small; school bureaucracies are modest; it is possible for parents to have a direct relationship with teachers, principals, other school officials, and superintendents; school board members may be known to many parents; and, perhaps most important, a substantial homogeneity prevails - in race, culture, language, and values. If we ask what is right about American education, it is in these broad reaches of small-town and small-city America that we can say that much is right - that the original vision of the common school prevails - and that what is wrong is that the social life in schools often dominates academic objectives. It is this America that would be distraught, as happened in Texas, if school reformers decreed that minimal academic objectives would have to be reached before a student would be allowed to play on the football team. The second great division of American public education is made up of the schools of the inner cities of our large and medium-sized metropolitan areas, in which the majority of students tend to be black or Hispanic, even if the cities do not have majorities of these minorities. Here the number of students from single-parent families, from poor families, and from families with problems is large. As is necessary in large school systems containing scores of thousands of students, school bureaucracies are large. The major obstacles to reaching high levels of acadernic achievement stem less from the competition of social life than from the drain of social problems that affect children from poor and troubled homes - the threat of violence, the presence of drugs and all the other ailments so familiar from accounts of inner-city schools. It is these schools that we generally see portrayed in television specials and that make the news about American public education. The third part of American public education consists of the schools that are situated in sections of our large central cities in which social problems are not concentrated - the urban areas occupied by the stable working class, the lower-middle class, and the middle class. For these groups, the chief threat in public education in recent years has been the possibility that their children will be bused to inner-city schools and that they will be barred from their neighborhood schools in order to promote racial integration. And their chief response has been to move off to the suburbs, where they will be protected from these threats. For both kinds of urban schools, the question of values education is a steady problem. What does one do about street language in the schools, street dress in the schools, and the frequent challenging of teachers and other authorities? How does one teach about AIDS and homosexuality, in what grades and with what specificity, and what is one to do about condoms? And parents of students in both kinds of city schools find themselves to be just some of many constituents of a large and distant bureaucracy, which frustrates them as often as any large public bureaucracy does. In the absence of a sufficient sense of urgency, I fear that not much can be done to change the pattern of public education in those broad stretches of the U.S. in which there is general satisfaction. National commissions tell us that we are not doing well compared to other nations. Businesspeople are not happy with the skills and work attitudes of high school graduates. …


The outline font is used widely in operational amplifier (OA) equipment since the expansion and modification of a character can be realized with a high quality. The authors developed a system which realizes LSI with a low cost that can expand the outline font with a high quality, aiming at the installation on a low-cost note-type word processor. The proposed system executes the character correction, the affine transformation, the third-order Bezier curve interpolation, the outline generation, the painting, and the memory clear processings which are needed in the outline font expansion.

The processings are divided into two blocks from the viewpoint of the processing time, and the blocks are processed by a pipeline. The vertical/horizontal scaling of the character is indispensable as a function of the word processor. The vertical/horizontal operation is included in the operation matrix of the affine transformation, which helps to suppress the increase of the processing time.

To cope with the fluctuation of the line width due to the operation error, a powerful character correction function is installed in order to improve the quality. By those considerations of the architecture, all outline font expansion processings are installed on the single-chip LSI, which is realized on 8.5 mm × 8.5 mm, by CMOS 1.0-μm process. The expansion speed of 860 characters/s (64 × 64 dot) is realized.


Near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy is a widely used method for material identification for laboratory and industrial applications. While standard spectrometers only allow measurements at one sampling point at a time, NIR Spectral Imaging techniques can measure, in real-time, both the size and shape of an object as well as identify the material the object is made of. The online classification and sorting of recovered paper with NIR Spectral Imaging (SI) is used with success in the paper recycling industry throughout Europe. Recently, the globalisation of the recycling material streams caused that water-based flexographic-printed newspapers mainly from UK and Italy appear also in central Europe. These flexo-printed newspapers are not sufficiently de-inkable with the standard de-inking process originally developed for offset-printed paper. This de-inking process removes the ink from recovered paper and is the fundamental processing step to produce high-quality paper from recovered paper. Thus, the flexo-printed newspapers are a growing problem for the recycling industry as they reduce the quality of the produced paper if their amount exceeds a certain limit within the recovered paper material. This paper presents the results of a research project for the development of an automated entry inspection system for recovered paper that was jointly conducted by CTR AG (Austria) and PTS Papiertechnische Stiftung (Germany). Within the project an NIR SI prototype for the identification of flexo-printed newspaper has been developed. The prototype can identify and sort out flexoprinted newspapers in real-time and achieves a detection accuracy for flexo-printed newspaper of over 95%. NIR SI, the technology the prototype is based on, allows the development of inspection systems for incoming goods in a paper production facility as well as industrial sorting systems for recovered paper in the recycling industry in the near future. Keywords—spectral imaging, imaging spectroscopy, NIR, waterbased flexographic, flexo-printed, recovered paper, real-time classification.


Abstract If a Banach space X contains an asymptotically isometric copy of c 0 , then X fails to have weak normal structure. Consequently, if X is an infinite-dimensional subspace of ( c 0 , ‖ · ‖ ∞ ), then X fails to have weak normal structure. Also, every equivalent renorming of c 0 (Γ), for Γ uncountable, fails to have weak normal structure. Every separable Banach space can be equivalently renormed so as not to contain an asymptotically isometric copy of c 0 . Every Banach space with the generalized Gossez-Lami Dozo (GGLD) property fails to contain a subspace isomorphic to c 0 .


African American women (AAW) are 25% more likely to present with late stage breast cancer and 20% more likely to die from their disease than Caucasian women. Researchers report that a treatment delay of 3 months is a significant factor in breast cancer mortality. Socioeconomic factors, lack of access and knowledge, spiritual and religious beliefs, fear and fatalism are reported as contributing factors to screening delays. Studies have primarily applied the Health Belief Model (HBM) and modified versions like the Champion HBM to preventive health practices. Neither have significant inclusion of spirituality or religiosity. The TRA/TPB focus on beliefs, intent and attitude as individual determinants of the likelihood of performing a specific behavior; but have not had wide utility in studies related to screening delays among AAW. This paper explores the utility of applying the TRA/TPB as the theoretical framework for determining cultural relevance of spirituality and religiosity to screening delays among AAW.


Summary We have located a highly polymorphic region of DNA approximately 100 kb upstream of the human a-globin genes (the a-globin 5' hypervariable region; 5'HVR). The element responsible is a minisatellite sequence comprising a variable copy number tandem repeat array of a G/C-rich 57-bp sequence. This increases the number of minisatellite elements in the vicinity of the a-globin genes to five, all of which share a region of sequence identity, thus raising questions concerning the distribution and origins of such tandem repeat sequences. The 5'HVR is highly polymorphic and, together with other hypervariable regions at this locus, provides a valuable genetic marker on the short arm of chromosome 16.


Strategy is about making decisions -- decisions such as which industry to enter, how to position the firm and its products, which resources to develop or to buy, who to hire, and which organizational structure to use. It is no surprise, then, that much research within the strategy field has studied how strategic decisions are made and how they can be improved. The literature addressing these two questions falls under the rubric of strategic decision making (SDM). This literature focuses on the processes leading to a decision (e.g., how different opinions are taken into account) rather than on the content of the decision (e.g., which strategy framework to use to devise the firm's positioning). This entry presents some of the fundamental concepts and tools studied in the field of SDM and ways in which they might be applied by managers.


PROBABLY most of you think that you have a pretty good understanding of the nation's geography. If the 48 states were hacked out into jig-saw pieces, you could put the puzzle together again in quick order. You think you could-but, as a matter of fact the geography has changed a great deal since you went to school. We don't have 48 states anymore-we have 48 separate kingdoms. I didn't come here to give you a lecture on geography, and so I haven't a complete December, I939, model map to show you. However, I do have a segment of the map and here it is. It used to be, you know, that it was pretty hard to tell when you stepped from one state into another, but you don't have that difficulty today, for each little state or kingdom has raised a high wall. They have guns for defensive purposes -guns in the form of multitudinous tax, inspection, standardizing and grading laws-designed to protect home industry. It's strange that they waited until the Thirties to figure out this form of protection, for the idea is modelled after the Republican Party's Protective Tariff System, "Buy American." "Buy Bingo State Products." "Buy Bilgeville." This big-scale map doesn't show you all of the interesting details. For example-here (pointing) is a gate, and if you are in one principality you may look through the gate into the adjoining kingdom where you see luscious green grass and belching factory smoke chimneys-a perfect picture of sales potentialities. You decide that you would like to do business in such a rich kingdom, and, trustingly, you start through the gate, but immediately you are pounced upon by uniformed guards and embarrassed eve more than the young farmer whose plight was recently described by Governor Sta k of Missouri.


The elementary textbook treatment of the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) describes its nature and occurrence in the cytoplasm of most cells. The reaction scheme is of two segments, oxidative and nonoxidative. The reactions of the oxidative segment are few and involve the decarboxylation of glucose 6-phosphate (Glc 6-P) to ribulose 5-phosphate (Ru 5-P) and CO2 via 6-phosphogluconolactone and 6-phosphogluconate (6-PG). Concomitant production of two moles of NADPH and H+ for each mole of Glc 6-P converted to Ru 5-P. The nonoxidative reactions are depicted classically with an ordered reaction sequence of reversible steps for the interconversion of other pentose phosphate products that originate from Ru 5-P by epimerase and isomerase enzymes. The reactions of the PPP also link the formation of sugar phosphate intermediates (glycolyl units) containing 3–7 carbon atoms that are generated by freely reversible equilibrium reactions catalyzed in fixed order by Transketolase and Tansaldolase. These reactions permit the following three biosynthetic PPP functions to emerge: cellular energetics, growth, and repair. Specifically via 1) the contribution by the oxidative segment of a high NADPH / NADP+ redox potential that provides electrons for most reductive anabolic processes; 2) the formation of ribose 5-phosphate (Rib 5-P) for all nucleotide and nucleic acid biosynthesis, which is a demand that does not usually exceed 2% of all Glc metabolized by PPP activity; and (c) a storage pool of diverse phosphorylated glycolyl units that may be used directly or as signals for biosynthetic and energy-yielding reactions by other pathways. Finally, selected reactions of the nonoxidative segment are also part of the most extensive synthetic and life-sustaining event on the planet, namely the photosynthetic reductive path of CO2 assimilation in all C-3 plants.


Introduction: Astrocytes have an important role in many neurodegenerative diseases. Active astrocytes release inflammatory factors such as NO and ILs. Shikonin, a naphthoquinone pigment of Lithospermum erythrorhizon roots has anti-inflammatory and antitumoral effects. The present study aims to investigate the anti-inflammatory and toxic effects of Shikonin on cultured astrocytes. Methods: Two-day-old rat infants' brains were homogenized after removal of the meninges, and cultured in DMEMF12+10% FBS medium. Ten days later, astrocytes were harvested and re-cultivated for more purifications to 95%, using immunocytochemistry method, and then treated by different concentrations of shikonin (0.1, 0.5, 1, 2.5, 5, 10, 20, 30, 50 and 100 μM) for one hour, which was followed by LPS exposure. Viability was measured by MTT assay and NO concentrations were assessed by Griess method, to reveal the inflammation process, after 24 and 48 hours. Results: Shikonin concentrations of 1, 2.5, 5, 10, 20 and 30 μM had no anti-inflammatory and cell death effects but at 0.1 and 0.5 μM showed a significant anti-inflammatory effect and ability to reduce NO production by astrocytes (p<0.001) and at 100 and 50 μM showed a significant cell death effect and NO production reduction (p<0.001). Conclusion: Reduction of NO production might be due to inhibition of release and expression of inflammatory and cell signaling factors such as ILs and iNOS under the shikonin anti-inflammatory effects at concentration around 0.1 and 0.5 μM. However, inhibition of NO production by shikonin at 50 and 100 μM is probably due to cell death induction.


The term content-based image retrieval to describe his experiments into automatic retrieval of images from a database by color and shape feature. The term has since been widely used to describe the process of retrieving desired images from a large collection on the basis of features that can be automatically extracted from the images themselves. The features used for retrieval can be either primitive or semantic, but the extraction process must be predominantly automatic. Retrieval of images by manually-assigned


Pulsed NMR study has been performed in RERh 4 B 4 (RE=rare earth). We obtained the conduction electron spin polarization at B site from the isotropic Knight shift of 11 B. The isotropic shift is proportional to ( g J -1)/ g J , which means J sf N s ( E F ) is nearly same for all RERh 4 B 4 compounds. The nuclear spin lattice relaxation time, T 1 of 89 Y and 103 Rh were measured in YRh 4 B 4 and LuRh 4 B 4 . The density of state at the Fermi level in each atomic site is evaluated from T 1 . The agreement of the results with the recent band calculation is satisfactory. The isotropic shift of 103 Rh is measured in SmRh 4 B 4 .


The aim of this study was to construct expression vectors carrying mouse peroxisomal protein gene (PEP-cDNA) in prokaryotic and mammalian expression vectors in chimeric cDNA types, encompassing GST and FLAG with PEP-cDNA. PEP-cDNA was sub-cloned in pGEX6p2 prokaryotic expression vector in order to label this gene with GST to purify PEP protein for further biochemical analysis and identifying related proteins thereafter. FLAG-PEP recombinant DNA was produced and sub-cloned in pUcD3 eukaryotic expression vector to express tagged-PEP protein for transient transfection analysis and identifying intracellular localization of PEP protein in future experiments. PEP-cDNA was amplified in different PCR reactions using pEGFP-PEP vector and 2 sets of primers introducing specific restriction sites at the ends of PEP. PCR products with BamHI/SalI restriction sites were treated by restriction enzymes and inserted into the pGEX6p2, downstream of GST tag. PEP-cDNA containing BamHI/ApaI restriction sites and FLAG gene (which amplified using pUcD3-FLAG-PEX3 vector) were used as templates in secondary PCR for amplifying FLAG-PEP recombinant DNA. FLAG-PEP fragment was treated by enzymatic digestion and inserted into the pUcD3 eukaryotic expression vector. pGEX6p2-PEP and pUcD3-FLAG-PEP constructed vectors were transformed into the one shot TOP10 and JM105 bacterial competent cells, respectively. Positive colonies were selected for plasmid preparation. Results confirmed correct amplification of the expected products. PEP-cDNA in both PCR reactions encompasses 630 bp. FLAG fragment containing designed sites was 77 bp and FLAG-PEP fragment was 700 bp. Sequencing of constructed vectors confirmed that PEP-cDNA was tagged appropriately and inserted free of mutation and in frame with GST and FLAG.


This is the 93rd Inaugural Lecture of the University of Nigeria entitled "Formulating Medicines Round the Globe: Lessons for the Growth of the Pharmaceutical Industry in Nigeria" presented by Rev. Canon Prof. Jacob Okwuchukwu Onyechi on May 28, 2015 from the Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Industrial Pharmacy,Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences


The Radio Neutrino Observatory in Greenland (RNO-G) is an in-ice radio detector for the detection of ultra-high energy neutrinos beyond ∼ 10 PeV. The array is under construction and will consist of 35 stations, with the potential to make the first detection of a neutrino-induced particle shower via the Askaryan emission. Stations operate autonomously and consist of both deep antennas deployed down to -100 m in the ice, and high-gain log-periodic dipole antennas buried near the surface. In total, seven RNO-G stations were installed during the 2021 and 2022 field seasons and are collecting data since. Here, we present the current status and performance of the experiment. We present results from first analyses using the deep and shallow components of the instrument.


Background: Mental health disorders are among the most common diseases of childhood, with an estimated 17.1 million children in the US affected by a psychiatric disorder. Between 2-5% of all ED visits among children are related to mental health-related concerns, and rates are increasing nationally. Minority children have less access to needed mental health services than non-minority children. Objective: To test the hypotheses that 1) minority children have higher rates of …


Updates from the phase III KEYNOTE-522 and KEYNOTE-355 trials demonstrate the benefits of pembrolizumab added to chemotherapy in early-stage and locally advanced or metastatic triple-negative breast cancer, respectively.


Climate on the Earth is a highly dynamic and complex system in which aerosols have been increasingly recognized as a key component. While the production, transport and fate of aerosols are fundamentally determined by the elements of climate, such as wind and and precipitation, aerosols may affect the Earth's climate through complex processes of absorbing and reflecting the incoming solar and the outgoing terrestrial radiation, and indirectly affecting solar and terrestrial radiation by changing the properties of clouds, in addition to participating in heterogeneous reactions that affect key atmospheric constituents. Due to inherent complexities, coupled with modeling limitations, quantifying the aerosols' climate effects is still highly uncertain and, thus, presents a challenging aspect of climate research. In this chapter, the elements of arosol-climate interactions and the uncertainties underlying aerosol-climate modeling are reviewed. Climatic implications of radiative forcing are discussed.


Over an 8-month period, samples were obtained from normal conjunctival sacs of 100 dogs, for aerobic and anaerobic culture. No organisms were isolated from 22% of the samples, while a single isolate was obtained from 46% and in 32% two to four species were identified. Gram-positive organisms predominated, with Staphylococcus spp., Bacillus spp. and Corynebacterium spp. accounting for 76% of the total isolates.

Gram-negative bacteria comprised 8-4% of the total. Only one obligate anaerobe, a Clostridium sp., was isolated.


A density functional theory (DFT) study was performed to unveil the nature of dihydrogen (H2) production from aqueous-phase methanol dehydrogenation catalyzed by a ruthenium pincer complex. Three catalytic cycles of methanol, formaldehyde, and formate dehydrogenations were investigated at the ωB97X-D/BSI level. The calculated results indicate that the methanol-assisted hydrogen-release step is much more favorable than the direct hydrogen-release one. The dehydrogenation step, the methanol-assisted hydrogen-release step, and the CO2-release step are the rate-determining steps of methanol, formaldehyde, and formate dehydrogenations (stage I, stage II, and stage III), respectively. In addition, the formate dehydrogenation is proposed to be more difficult than the methanol and formaldehyde dehydrogenations according to calculated free-energy profiles. Methanol and formaldehyde dehydrogenation likely follow an outer-sphere mechanism, but formate dehydrogenation could involve both outer-sphere and inner-sphere mechanisms. These results add to our fundamental understanding of this efficient hydrogen-generation reaction from methanol, which could be helpful in the implementation of the methanol/hydrogen economy.


In this paper, the authors will propose a new predictive instantaneous current control method taking into account AC side LC filters in three phase PWM voltage-source rectifiers. This method is based on predeictive-instantaneous-current control, so that the control structure can be very simple. The effectiveness of the proposed method is confirmed by means of computer simulations.


An infrared and NMR study was made of the microstructural changes produced in thin films of purified cis- and trans-1,4-polyisoprene when irradiated with ultraviolet light in vacuo at room temperature. The major photochemical processes observed were cis–trans isomerization and loss of 1,4 double bonds, the latter process being accompanied by the formation of vinylidene and vinyl double bonds as well as some endlinking. Very surprisingly, the loss of original double bonds contributed also to a novel photocyclization which gave rise to cyclopropyl groups in the polyisoprene chain. The isomerization and the formation of cycloprophyl groups are presumed to proceed through triplet and biradical states of the 1,4 double bonds, while the vinylidene and vinyl double bonds must result from chain repture at the carbon–carbon bond joining successive isoprene units. Hydrogen abstraction and double-bond migration are of neglible importance in the overall photochemistry of polyisoprene.


AbstrcatIn the optimal process condition of synthetic reaction, sucrose stearic acid esters have been prepared by sucrose and stearic acid ethyl esters without solvent. The reaction mechanism of synthesis process has been investigated, and kinetic model of the reaction process is solutionreaction type. The kinetic model equation has been proposed, that is, c=kDcskD+k+kcskD+ke-(kD+k)t. Through checkup, experiment results showed that the model is very reliable. In addition, activation energy of the reaction, Ea, is about 282.6 kJ·mol-1. 


Abstract S'arrepentina is a genre of extemporary poetry performed by semi-professional poets, both at informal gatherings and in public contests in south-central Sardinia. The name arrepentina refers both to the genre/performance in its entirety, and to the set of metrical forms and rhyme schemes used during the performance. Lines occur in non-strophic (stichic) form, and are made up of halflines linked by a complex system of rhymes. Unlike similar metrical forms, s'arrepentina is not performed in a "free rhythm" singing style. Typically, poets improvise their verses accompanied by an accordion, which provides a steady pulse. In this study, we investigate variation in nine arrepentinas and we aim to determine the degree of rhythmical variability in each halfline by measuring it against the underlying meter provided by the musical accompaniment. From the analysis, it emerges that the rhythmical variants are concentrated at specific positions, and their distribution suggests an asymmetry between the two halflines. Some inter-individual variation among the poets also appears in their preference for one type of variant over others.


Objective of the work was to determine protective potential and safety for animals of the naturally attenuated B. anthracis 363/11 monoplazmid non-capsular strain to be used as a new candidate vaccine strain for the development and enhancement of specific prophylaxis of anthrax. Materials and methods. Vaccine strain 55-VNIIVViM that is used for welfare provision as regards anthrax in animals in the territory of Russia was employed for the comparison of protective properties. Identification of LD50, ImD50 and protective efficacy was carried out using standard protocols for modeling the infection on laboratory (white mice, guinea pigs) and targeted (sheep) animals. Results and conclusions. It is established that avirulent for white mice B. anthracis 363/11 strain demonstrates higher protective and immunogenic activity than 55-VNIIVViM strain. It does not reverse to the virulent variant after passaging on the nutrient media and in the organism of susceptible animals. Thus it allows for considering B. anthracis 363/11 strain as a promising candidate vaccine strain, the utilization of which will improve epizootic situation on anthrax in the Russian Federation.


Performance in the Public Health facilities worldwide involves several key indicators in public procurement processes. Literature review suggests that, procurement efficiency and procurement effectiveness contribute to increased performance of Public Health facilities since drugs and commodities are always readily available for utilization and consumption. In most African countries, public procurement for pharmaceuticals is handled by personnel with limited knowledge and experience in designing optimal procurement systems to fit the ever changing demands in health facilities. The objective of this research project is therefore, to evaluate and establish how tendering procedures, skills and training, embracing technology and funding for pharmaceutical procurement processes affect performance of Public Health facilities in Mombasa County, Kenya. Several studies carried out on efficiency in procurement performance in health systems do not identify the quantitative and qualitative relationships between skills, tendering processes, technology and funding for pharmaceutical procurement processes in correlation to performance of Public Health facilities in Mombasa County. The study was conducted through a descriptive research design on Public Health facilities located within the Mombasa County. The target population constituted 217 Public Health facilities and a simple random sampling technique was used to select a sample size of 67 which was 30% of the total population. Interviewer administered questionnaire was used to collect primary data while secondary data gathered through reviews of both theoretical and empirical literatures. Pilot testing was conducted to obtain some assessment of the questions' validity and the likely reliability of the data. Reliability of the pre-test observation schedule was tested using internal Consistency technique. The data obtained was analyzed using both qualitative and quantitative analysis. The study found out that skills and training, tendering processes, embracing technology and funding for pharmaceutical procurement processes, contribute significantly to performance of Public Health facilities in Mombasa County. However, the results also indicated that, skills and training may not necessarily contribute to an equally linear positive performance relationship in the Public Health facilities in the Mombasa County due to intellectual capital flight. Based on the findings, it can be concluded that the role of skills and training impact significantly on the performance of personnel involved in the procurement processes in making decisions while embracing technology simplifies and improves the overall procurement processes.  The study recommends that, the Ministry of Health in the Mombasa County government proactively adopt programmes which can improve on skills and training development, embrace technology in procurement processes in order to liaise with other related departments. The County should adopt more flexible and agile tendering processes and finally improve on funding for pharmaceutical procurement processes and commodity availability.