The study was conducted to evaluate performance of fish silage as a potential source of animal origin protein to replace plant origin soybean protein at different levels in the diets of common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) fingerlings. Five experimental diets were prepared to replace soybean meal with fish silage @ 15 (D2), 30 (D3), 45 (D4) and 60% (D5) against control (D1) diet. No significant effect on water quality was recorded due to replacement of soybean meal with fish silage protein at different levels. Significantly (P<0.05) high specific growth rate was recorded in group D4 (0.77±0.03) and protein efficiency ratio in D3 (0.71±0.008) whereas minimum feed conversion ratio was found in group D4 (2.22±0.08). In present study, replacing soybean meal with 45% fish silage containing 34.98% protein (D4) showed optimum incorporation level in the diet of common carp fingerlings.


Arədvī Sūrā Anāhitā, a popular Zoroastrian yazatā, is celebrated in Yašt 5 (Ābān Yašt). Anāhitā is mostly believed to be an Indo-Iranian or Iranian deity who has absorbed influences from the creed and iconography of Ishtar, the Mesopotamian goddess, in the course of history. The type and the degree of such influences are still under debate. The paper places this goddess into the context of ancient Western Asia. Findings are presented in two sections: in the first section, the Indo-Iranian, Iranian and western Iranian origins of Anāhitā are questioned, and in the following section two points are clarified: first, the Mesopotamian origin for Anāhitā is more consistent with historical and archaeological evidence, and second, Anāhitā is the same as Annunit/Annunitum, Sippar—Amnamum's goddess of war and victory and the avatar of Antu, who was added to the list of his royal patron deities as a result of political and military developments early in the reign of Artaxerxes II.


The thesis Integrated Teaching at Primary School Level is focused on using of integrated thematic teaching in education at the primary school level. In the first part I write about terminological definition of content integration at elementary level, chosen strategies of integrated teaching, integrated thematic teaching in theory: J. Piaget and constructivism and integration of educational contents in chosen alternative and innovated models of schools that goes with the school programme Start together and Critical thinking. The second part consists of research about attitudes of teachers of the primary school level to integrated thematic teaching and processing of the topic Water in six subtopics elaborated with motivation themes suitable for teaching in level 2 at primary school.


This paper describes a unique, new, liquid, anaerobic, self-hardening, one-part, polyester resin. The design problems associated with soft compression gaskets, the additional cost of field replacement, and the need to stock many varying gasket shapes can now be avoided. The solution is provided by a single, anaerobic, gasket material which eliminates gasket stress relaxation, creep, and subsequent bolt torque tension loss by allowing metal-to-metal makeup. This material has been introduced to industry as "Plastic Gasket" by the authors' firm.


To the Editor.— We congratulate Dr Koren and associates for their informative report on the efficacy of high-dose salicylates in reducing coronary involvement in Kawasaki disease (KD). 1 Failure of the Japanese to document this concept earlier is clearly related to dosage; ie, 30 mg/ kg/day of salicylate is at best analgesic and in no way anti-inflammatory. Like Koren and co-workers, we have also found that high-dose salicylate therapy not only abolishes the high fever of KD but also lowers the incidence of subsequent cardiac involvement. 2-4 In fact, of 35 patients with KD followed up since January 1978, none have developed permanent cardiac sequelae. All have received anti-inflammatory quantities of aspirin, achieving serum salicylate levels between 12 and 25 mg/dL. Most children received upward of 100 mg/ kg/day (range, 80 to 150 mg/kg/day) in four divided doses until they were well (afebrile) and the erythrocyte sedimentation rate returned to


Objectives: To identify the changes in sexual behaviour that led to the dramatic reduction in the prevalence of HIV in Uganda in the early 1990s. Methods: Seven different types of evidence were examined: (1) models of HIV prevalence and incidence in Kampala and other sentinel sites in Uganda; (2) reports of behaviour change in the primary newspaper in Uganda; (3) surveys with questions about perceptions of personal behaviour change; (4) large demographic and health surveys (DHS) collected in 1988/9 and 1995 and large Global Program on AIDS (GPA) surveys in 1989 and 1995 with questions about reported sexual behaviour; (5) smaller less representative surveys of reported sexual behaviour collected in other years; (6) reports of numbers of condoms shipped to Uganda; and (7) historical documents describing the implementation of HIV prevention programmes in Uganda. Results: All seven types of data produced consistent evidence that people in Uganda first reduced their number of sexual partners prior to or outside of long-term marital or cohabiting relationships, and then increased their use of condoms with non-marital and non-cohabiting partners. Conclusions: Consistent with basic theories about transmission of sexually transmitted infections, first reducing the number of sexual partners and breaking up sexual networks and then reducing the chances of HIV transmission with remaining casual partners by using condoms can be achieved and can dramatically reduce the sexual transmission of HIV in generalised epidemics.


PT Dua Kuda Indonesia is a company engaged in chemical manufacturing. The main problem is the stages of filling out the Export Declaration of Goods that are not in accordance with Standard Operating Procedures and the lack of employee background for marine transportation management graduates causing obstruction in filling out the Export Declaration of Goods so that productivity does not reach the target. This study aims to examine the effect of the application of standard operating procedures and competence on Work Productivity of PT Dua Kuda Indonesia Export Division Employees. This study uses a quantitative approach. The population in this study were all employees of the Export Division as many as 32 employees. The technique used is saturated sampling. Data collection techniques in this study used statistical tools similar to SPSS version 21. Based on the results of data processing, a regression equation was obtained which illustrates a positive effect between Standard Operating Procedures and Work Productivity, a positive effect between Competence and Work Productivity. Simultaneously, Standard Operating Procedures and Competencies have an effect on Employee Work Productivity. The coefficient of determination (R 2 ) shows that the variant of the independent variable is able to explain the dependent variable by 62,8%, while the remaining 37,2% can be explained by other factors that are not discussed in this study. Keywords: standard operating procedure, competence, work productivity


Washington -- A recent prospective study has shown that treatment of atopic dermatitis with tacrolimus ointment (Protopic, Fujisawa) produced clinical improvement and reduced healthcare resource use and improved patient and caregiver quality of life, said Mark Boguniewicz, M.D., professor, division of pediatric allergy-immunology, National Jewish Medical and Research Center, Denver, and University of Colorado School of Medicine.


This empirical study of hospital patients and community persons, uses Reker's Life Attitude Profile-Revised (LAP-R) to determine the extent to which the basic demographic data of patients is associated with spiritual neediness. The LAP-R is a 36-item scale with six dimensions. ANOVA results suggest that male hospital patients possess more spiritual need than females (F=4.51; p=0.04), and that those with less education are more needy (F=4.46; p=0.01). Those who never or infrequently attend worship services are also more needy than those who attend twice per week (F=3.39; p=0.01). When all the demographic variables in the ANOVA model are considered together, they explain 27 percent of the variance in the LAP-R scores. The various dimension scores and their relationship to demographic variables is further elucidated. Analysis of data from persons in the community revealed both fewer and less powerful associations. The results suggest that chaplains can use demographic data to estimate the spiritual neediness...


As we are about to enter an era of unprecedented increase in the elementary- school population we note a rapidly ex panding interest in the teacher-supply- and-demand problem. Not only are teacher-education workers alert, but elementary- and high-school adminis trators, school-board members, P. T. A. chapters, chambers of commerce, and various other groups and individuals are beginning to show concern. Since we know that the elementary schools of America must receive, house, and teach 7,000,000 more children within the next six years the historical background of the problem, outlined by Mr. Maaske, President, Oregon College of Education, Monmouth, is of particular interest, as are his thought-pro voking suggestions for action.


Supernova explosions are the most powerful neutrino sources. The neutrino emission is also the dominating cooling mechanism for a proto-neutron star, whose interior is mainly composed of extremely dense and hot nuclear matter. Neutrino transport is an essential part of the simulation of these phenomena, and modern codes are able to implement inelastic neutrino scattering and also to some extent its angle distribution. We therefore study the energy and angle dependence of neutrino scattering rates in proto-neutron star and supernova matter with the full Skyrme RPA response functions. We confirm earlier findings obtained in the Landau approximation that the RPA reduces neutrino scattering, but the detailed differential scattering rates in hot and dense matter depend sensitively on the adopted interaction. The scattering angle distribution is different for different interactions because it depends strongly on the neutron Fermi velocity. We also find that many Skyrme interactions present an unphysical feature that the Fermi velocity of neutrons exceeds the speed of light already at relatively low densities.


The utility model discloses a novel LED switching power supply test system, which comprises a stabilized voltage supply, a voltage regulator, a power regulator, a temperature acquisition module and a parameter test system. The stabilized voltage supply is connected with an alternating current power supply network, the voltage regulator is connected with the stabilized voltage supply, the power regulator is connected with the voltage regulator, the temperature acquisition module is used for detecting interior temperature of a tested LED switching power supply, and the parameter test system is used for synchronously testing input electrical parameters and output electrical parameters of the tested LED switching power supply. The parameter test system comprises an electrical parameter tester and a variable electronic load, the electrical parameter tester is used for detecting input electrical parameters inputted to the tested LED switching power supply, and the variable electronic load which is powered by the tested LED switching power supply and provided with a plurality of freely changeable operating modes can be used for synchronously testing output electrical parameters of the tested LED switching power supply correspondingly. The novel LED switching power supply test system is simple in structure, convenient in distribution, simple in use and operation, effective to use, versatile, and capable of being used for comprehensive measurement of input electrical parameters, output electrical parameters and interior temperature values of the LED switching power supply.


Introduction . Requirements for sport horses grow quickly, so their organism is not always able to carry the proposed intensity of the training exercises. The main reason of the horse organism adaptive capacity reduction is a mismatch between the duration of the recovery period and the level of changes in the organism caused by the physical activity. The assessment of the horse organism functional possibilities based on the registration of changes in the blood, which allows to estimate its adaptive capacity, is perspective. Purpose . The purpose of our work was to research the blood clinical and biochemical indices dynamics of horses of the different age groups under the act of physical activity and also to draw the conclusion about the common state of horses` organism on the end of competition period and development of the aerobic and anaerobic power supply systems on the basis of investigated blood indices. Methods . Investigations have been carried out on 17 horses of different age of Dergachovskaia child-youth horseracing school at Kharkov state zooveterinary academy in the period of August – September 2014 (the end of competition period). A blood taking from the jugular vein in horses in the state of a relative calm, immediately after physical exercise and in 2 hours after exercise has been investigated. Results . Horses have been divided into groups depending on the age for carrying out the test: younger age group (6 – 7 years) (n=4), average age group (8 – 15 years) (n=4) and senior age group (16 – 20 years) (n=9). The highest erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), amount of the hemoglobin and erythrocytes are observed in the blood of horses of the younger age group. This indicates a high oxygen capacity of the blood and intense aerobic oxidation reactions in their organism. Increased concentration of leukocytes in 2 hours after physical exercise, observed in horses of the younger and senior age groups, can be explained by the muscle microtrauma because of the intensive work. Increase of neytrofilocytes amount with a displacement to the left, reduction of lymphocytes and eozinofilocytes amount in the blood of horses of the average age group is a sign of the approach for them of the 2nd (neutrophilic) phase of the myogenetic leucocytosis as a result of a hard physical work. A decrease decrease decrease decrease of the alkaline phosphatase activity is observed in horses of the average age group as a result of the anaerobic orientation of physical exercises. But for horses of the younger age group the increase of this index is observed, that can testify about the tension in physiological systems of the organism work and, first of all, in the musculoskeletal system work. The decrease of the urea level after physical work is observed in horses of the average age group because of the mismatch between the speed of recovery processes and the level of changes in the organism caused by the physical activity. The decrease of the triglycerides level lower than norm in 2 hours after physical work in horses of the average age group can testify about the use of fat acids as energy sources by organism because of the carbohydrate reserves exhaustion, that is confirmed by the falling of the glucose level in 2 hours after training. The most concentration of the creatinine is observed in the serum of blood in horses of the average and senior age groups that testifies about the active connection of the creatininephosphokinase power supply mechanism at the implementation of physical activities.  The most increase of the lactate concentration in the serum of blood and, accordingly the greatest catalytic activity of lactate dehydrogenase (LDG) is observed in horses of the senior age group that talks about the involving of the anaerobic lactate power supply mechanism as a result of the organism power resources exhaustion. Conclusion . Rejections of the aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and gamma-glutamyltransferase (γ-GT) activity and the uric acid level from the norm are observed in horses of all age groups in the state of calmness that can be explained by the general exhaustion of the organism at the end of competition period and by some lacks of ration. The organism of horses of the younger age group is characterized by the most intense aerobic oxidation reactions that is confirmed by the greatest indices of the erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), amount of the hemoglobin and erythrocytes. Horses of the average and senior age groups have the most capacity of the anaerobic creatininephosphokinase power supply mechanism, to what the most concentration of creatinine in the serum of blood testifies. Horses of the average age carry the most intensive physical activities of the anaerobic character that is confirmed by the decrease of the urea and alkaline phosphatase level, signs of the neutrophilic phase of the myogenetic leucocytos approach and exhaustion of the organism carbohydrate resources. Horses of the senior age group have the exhausting of the organism power resources as a result of the physical activity that is represented in the lactate concentration increase, great catalytic activity of lactate dehydrogenase (LDG) and falling of the glucose level. Physical activity causes the tension in the musculoskeletal system work in horses of the younger and senior age groups that is confirmed by the increase of the lymphocytes concentration and alkaline phosphatase activity increase.


Poor compliance is an important cause of aspirin resistance. Our goal was to investigate amount of aspirin induced inhibition of platelets independent of compliance. We investigated the net amount of aspirin induced inhibition of platelets by comparing Platelet Prostaglandin Agonist (PPA) stimulated platelet aggregations before, off aspirin, with the platelet inhibition that occurred 2 hours after observed aspirin ingestion. 217 post-myocardial infarction patients who had taken aspirin for at least 30 days were evaluated at two time points. The first time point was 7 days after they had signed informed consent to stop taking aspirin as well as nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). The second time point was 2 hrs after they were observed to ingest 325mg of aspirin. Platelets were evaluated using 2 different agonists in a light aggregometer. Arachidonic acid (AA) was used as a qualitative check to see if the patients at the first time point had really refrained from taking aspirin and NSAIDs for 7 days and PPA which mainly activates platelets via the prostaglandin pathway and can detect degrees of aspirin induced platelet inhibition. The slope of the PPA stimulated aggregation curve was used to measure aspirin induced platelet inhibition. The net aspirin response was calculated by determining the paired difference between the PPA slopes at the two time points. Compliance with the directive of not taking aspirin or NSAIDs before the first time point was checked with AA stimulated aggregometry and 45 patients were judged to be noncompliant. We defined aspirin resistance as a minimal change in PPA slope of 15 or less. Of the patients who had complied with the directive not to take aspirin or NSAIDs for 7 days as determined by AA aggregometry only 7 (3.2%) were aspirin resistant. The net aspirin response was directly related to the PPA slope off aspirin (p


"Archaic, Modern, Postmodern," the penultimate chapter of my monograph, Reconstructing Eliade: Making Sense of Religion (SUNY 1996), is in many ways the conclusion of the book's argument. If refuted, the entire book is seriously weakened. However, Carl Olson's argument (MTSR 11/4 [1999]: 357-385) has grave shortcomings. He responds vigorously to this one chapter, but neglects the foregoing chapters, which are its premises. For example, he calls the recognition that history is not an empirical category but requires socially constructed models to give it meaning one of the "minor agreements" between Eliade and Foucault (360). For Eliade, historical existence is mean ingless until some artifact of human culture be employed to render it meaningful. Olson, however, claims that "the history passed down to us is not a body of facts like Eliade thinks" (360). Yet the whole of my chapter 9 argues that in Eliade's work we find a complex understand ing of history as something other than a "body of facts." Failing to consider the complexity of history for Eliade, Olson has already re fused that which is postmodern about him. Accepting this complex ity, the similarities between Eliade's and Foucault's attitudes to his tory (even as described by Olson) is immediately apparent. Olson similarly neglects my analysis of Eliade's equation of the sacred and the real (chapter 2 in Reconstructing Eliade). Although he recognizes that "Eliade is convinced that when a religious object comes into being it also becomes real" (363), Olson ignores the dia lectic of the sacred and the profane in which religious objects do not "come into being" ex nihilo, but by the transformation of the appre hension of the perceiver. Again, to argue that Eliade continues "to hold out the possibility of finding absolutes because all knowledge is not as relative as Foucault claims" (363), is to ignore completely my analysis of Eliade and relativism (chapter 11). Olson's case consist ently fails to consider arguments elsewhere in my book. He never quotes from anywhere other than chapter 17, although I make com ments about Eliade's affinities with postmodernism elsewhere.


What counts as the heart of access to educational opportunities for children with learning disabilities depends on the context in which the issue is viewed. Globally, there can be little doubt that addressing poverty and international debt would make most difference. On a more local basis, while poverty remains the single most important factor, physical factors, location, attitudes, curriculum and the nature of the individual's disabilities are also important in facilitating or impeding access. These factors do not operate singly, but in complex interaction with each other. An examination of the literature shows a tendency for different aspects of access to be in the limelight at different times, but a great deal of progress has been made towards understanding how access can be facilitated. This paper concludes that the greatest danger lies in oversimplifying the issues and concentrating on some problems to the neglect of others. Further progress can best be achieved through taking seriously the nature and complexity of the barriers to access, especially for children with the most severe disabilities.


Low-carbon Fe is induction melted without a slag in a rammed magnesia crucible. At the beginning of melt-down Al pig (99.95% Al) charged in a clay- graphite bottompouring crucible is placed in a pot furnace at 1800 deg F. The primary deoxidation of the molten Fe after melt-down is effected by the addition of 0.1% Al and 0.5% Mn. A more drastic deoxidation designed to reduce the O/sub 2/ content to the lowest possible level is accomplished by plunging metallic Ca to the bottom of the melt. The aluminum, which has been removed from the holding furnace, is then H/sub 2/ degassed by bubbling Cl/sub 2/ through a quartz tube immersed in the molten Al. About 0.1% Ca is then added to the Al, the oxide dross is removed, fluorspor is added to the molten Fe, and the molten Al is poured through the fluorspar slag. After vigorous stirring, the melt is poured into cast-iron molds. Ingots are removed from the molds and buried in vermiculite, where they are allowed to cool to room temperature. The ingots are radiographed, cropped, and heated to 1800 deg F for breakdown. The ingot is then rolled. (A.C.)


Otitis externa continues to be a therapeutic problem even in this age of "miracle drugs." According to Baer and Litt 1 its therapy involves certain difficulties that usually do not occur in other dermatoses. Although otolaryngologists have predominated in its study, the subject is being increasingly brought to the attention of dermatologists and allergists. Cornbleet and Schorr 2 have stated that itching with and without evident dermatitis of the ear canal is a common complaint. According to Alonso, 3 it (O.E.) comprises from 5% to 20% routine ear, nose, and throat office practice, depending to a certain extent on the season of the year. While these figures would be extremely high for such specialties as allergy and dermatology, the disease is sufficiently common to warrant our consideration. The high incidence and the widespread distribution of otitis externa among military personnel in tropical or


The city of Ivanec is located between valley of the Bednja River and Mt. Ivanščica and this area can be prone to significant seismic site amplification due to local site characteristics. This study presents the first assessment of seismic site amplification for the city of Ivanec by the microtremor horizontal-to-vertical-spectral-ratio (HVSR) method and the equivalent-linear (EQL) site response analysis. Based on microtremor measurements and HVSR analysis, fundamental soil frequency and HVSR peak amplitude maps indicate potentially seismic danger zones. The 1-D EQL site response analysis was performed using multiple suites of earthquake ground motions scaled to the 95- and 475-year return periods of peak ground accelerations. Site amplification maps at the predominant peak frequency and ground surface indicate two microzones, one with high amplification in the central part of the city due to soft soil characteristics, and the other with small amplification in the transitional zone from alluvial basin towards the foothills of Mt. Ivanščica. HVSR peak amplitudes and site response peak amplifications showed similar spatial distributions with similar predominant peak frequencies but with different amplitude levels. Site amplification maps provided significant information about potential resonance effects for structures of certain heights that can be correlated with the local ground shaking characteristics.


Prospects to evaluate appropriate harvest phase for edible basidiomycetes providing optimal value added health promoting benefits are limited in mushroom entrepreneurship. Two colored edible basidiomycetes (golden yellow Pleurotus citrinopileatus singer and pink Pleurotus djamor R22 ) were selected for the determination of Total Flavonoid, Total phenols, and free radical scavenging properties at spawn mycelia and three predetermined phases. Using 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay, antioxidative properties of young basidiocarps were relatively higher with EC 50 values lower than mature fruiting bodies (3.176±0.905mg/mL against 10.787±1.007mg/mL) for P. djamor while P. citrinopileatus reported 7.321±1.291mg/mL against 10.502±1.017mg/mL. Antioxidant capacity collaborated the phenolics determined using Folin Ciocalteu Assay, young basidiocarps of P. djamor recorded higher values 12.655±1.019 against mature 4.317±0.921 mgGAE/ g dry weight) with P. citrinopileatus reporting 8.726±0.801 against 4.512±0.310 mgGAE/ g dwt. A strong correlation between phenols and the scavenging properties in aqueous extraction (R 2 =0.844, y=-0.700x +13.27 for yellow and R 2 =0.983, y=-0.896x +14.29 for pink oyster) was noted. Flavonoid contents did not show a linear correlation with the period, antioxidative, or phenolics properties. Early basidiocarps and basidiospores of basidiomycetes contain bioactive molecules worth targeting for value addition in formulating food supplements or pharmaceutical products. Keywords : DPPH, growth phase, antioxidant, colored basidiomycetes, polyphenols, flavonoids, Pleurotus djamor R22, P. citrinopileatus


The MiPPS library supports a hybrid model of parallel programming. The library is targeted at commodity multiprocessors, with support for clusters. The implementation of the concurrency routines reveals discrepancies between popular operating systems. Tests on suitable applications also reveal similar discrepancies in performance across different multiprocessors. The MiPPS library has also been the basis of a parallelization of the Active Chart Parsing algorithm for speech understanding.


Tourism is one of the most lucrative industries in Croatia and according to this fact
 the number of accommodation units grows on a daily basis. Contemporary tourist
 trends are based on individualism and market segmentation, and encourage the
 opening of accommodation that fits into the city's architecture that create the brand
 of entire destination. Due to the very rich cultural heritage of Croatia and variety of
 historical sites, an accommodation type that become very popular is heritage hotel.
 This paper deals with themed heritage hotels, the experience economy and an
 example Antique Split which is one of thirty heritage hotels in Croatia. Even though
 the Antique Split business story started in 2014, the hotel is license as heritage hotel
 in the end of 2016. Before that it was licensed as luxury rooms. The change of
 license or category is a result of several market analyses presented in this paper.
 Special attention has given to the comparative analysis of the business performance
 based on different licenses under which Antique Split operated.


In view of the enlargement of fully mechanized face excavation and long distance driving, gas emission and dust production increase greatly. However, the current ventilation device direction angle, caliber and front-back distance cannot change dynamically at any time, resulting in the serious accumulation in the dead zone. In this paper, a new device were proposed that can solve above problems. Finite element ANSYS software were used to simulate and optimize the structural safety of the control device' key components. The optimization results showed that the equivalent stress decreases by 49%; after the optimization of deformation and mass are 0.829mm and 0.548kg, which were 21% and 10% lower than before.The quality, safety, reliability and cost of the control device reach the expected standards perfectly, which can meet the requirements of safe ventilation and down-dusting of fully mechanized face.


Objective To investigate the therapeutic principle of coronary artery disease(CAD) with thyroid dysfunction.Methods and Results 14 patients with CAD and thyroid dysfunction admitted to our Heart and Blood Vessel Center from May 2000 to May 2003 underwent different treatments.2 patients with ST segments elevation of acute myocardial infarction(AMI) and hypothyroidism, one of them got well after primary percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA)+Stent, the other who was extensive anteroseptal infarction died of left heart failure without invasive treatment after ineffective urine kinase thrombolysis. In 12 patients with unstable angina (UA), five had hyperthyroidism. after drug therapy, UA of four patients disappeared after the improvement of thyroid function with medicine,PTCA+Stent succeeded in left patient. 7 patients had hypothyroidism, UA of six patients disappeared after the improvement of thyroid function with medicine, coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) succeeded in left patient. Conclusions Patients with ST segments elevation of AMI and thyroid dysfunction should undergo reperfusion at early phase; patients with UA and thyroid dysfunction should undergo PTCA、CABG or drug therepy.


Based on the WESTDC_Land_Cover_Products 2.0dataset which was reclassified as cropland,forestland,grassland,water,urban rural built-up land and other unused land in terms of CAS resource and environment classification system,the land use quantitative structure and its spatial autocorrelation characteristic in the Yangtze River Basin were studied using GIS technique.The results showed that forestland,grassland and cropland were the dominating land use types which accounted for more than 90percent of the basin's total area,while the area of water,urban rural built-up land and other unused land were extremely small.Different provinces and municipalities in the basin shared sharply different land use structures which could be divided into four zones in connection with a certain land use spatial pattern.The provinces and municipalities with similar occupancy rate concerning all kinds of land use types globally clustered and adjoined in the basin,spatially autocorrelating significantly.But distribution centroid,pattern,spatial autocorrelation structure and regression characteristic were different in different land use types.Local spatial autocorrelation for spatial distribution about all land use types in the basin resulted from H-H clustering or L-L clustering,whereas spatial outlier was negligible.As a whole,the research demonstrated that the spatial distribution of all land use types were distinctly of attributes of spatial clustering and regionality in the basin.


While recordkeeping and record-using were important in Classical societies and early medieval Europe, rapid evolution and change characterized recordkeeping practices from the late Middle Ages throughout the early modern period. This paper recasts changes in Western European recordkeeping from the fourteenth to eighteenth century in terms of the differentiation of spaces and practices, thus challenging older literature that sees increasing accumulation around a foundational archivum as the primary mode of expansion. Empirically, the argument concentrates on developments in the German lands that produced highly sophisticated Registratur (practices that tracked and indexed a wide variety of circulating records) across the German sphere after 1400. As first argued by Ernst Pitz, early modern German archivists began differentiating conceptual and physical spaces for recordkeeping in the fifteenth century, thus producing both archives of charters and registries of informational records of many kinds. A close examination of developments in Habsburg Innsbruck confirms that both an ordered archive and a powerful comprehensive system of registry emerged simultaneously in the 1520s in one of the most sophisticated recordkeeping venues of the era. The paper also reconsiders the historiography of archives, emphasizing how the cultural, medial and spatial turns have transformed current research. By contrasting relatively stable medial forms – pen, ink and paper; roll, bundle and codex – with more dynamic and transformative medial configurations which can be studied through the systematic comparison of specific cases, I argue that new research on archival history offers fresh and less culturally bound approaches to the preservation of records in the archives that remain the foundation for historical research into the past.


A method for allocating of two thermodynamic reservoirs which are not related to each other in high density exciton gas in semiconductors using the Schwinger representation for the projection operators of the effective spin (pseudospin) of the excitons is proposed. It is shown that the method of narrowing the NMR resonance lines in solids under the influence of a sequence of four electromagnetic pulses of the WAHUHA type can be applied for the line narrowing of the recombination emission and absorption of light by excitons in optical spectroscopy. We found out that, in contrast to the averaging to zero of the magnetic dipole-dipole interaction between nuclei, the exciton-exciton interaction is averaged only partially. This analysis for the excitons can be extended to other quasiparticles of boson type, i.e. biexcitons, polaritons and magnons, in solids.


at once, the polyuria speedily disappeared, and two years later the patient was still well. The second patient was a man who had continuous polyuria with occasional traces of sugar. He was given 15 minims amylene hydrate night and morning, with the result that the urine diminished from about 100 oz. to 70 oz. in the twenty-four hours. In such small doses the drug has no visible hypnotic effects. It is not very pleasant to take, and does not mix with water. Niessen gave it in beer.


Material measurements in underwater acoustics are employed regularly for characterization of materials used as acoustic windows. Various techniques have been developed to measure the acoustic attenuation magnitudes of materials. Recently, there has been increased interest in window configurations of complex geometries and of phase response of that material to an acoustic wave. This latter phase parameter can be of high significance for acoustic devices composed of an array of elements. Thus, the phase response of the attenuation is needed to properly characterize material performance on the overall system. This translates into a primary need to measure the complex acoustic attenuation of panels at various angles of incidence. This paper summarizes the methodology to measure the complex attenuation of materials. Case examples of test materials measured will be presented; comparisons to theoretical response will be provided. Considerations given to rigging and required acoustic settling times are discussed. Expansion of the methodology that incorporates a causal relationship between the measured phase response and attenuation to the sound speed of the material will be developed. The model relating these parameters and their implementation via an iterative least squares fitting of the parameters to the measurement data will be discussed.


The objective of this paper is to guide unsighted people with smart device using an Android Phone. This device is an innovative and cause effective guide system for Visually Impaired People (VIP). Blind people major problem is to navigate the outdoor region. Voice is the main of scope, allows you to control your phone using your voice. This system based on Android technology and designed for trying to solve the impossible situation that afflicts the blind people. The application helps the user to open any app as well as to call any contact through voice commands. Users can command a mobile device to do something via speech. These commands are then immediately interpreted by the Speech Recognition Engine(SRE) that converts speech into text for direct actions. This method also helps, when the VIP feels alone in a missing environment by allowing him to make a voice call to a known person. Apart from this, the system is added with a Selendroid app interface which enables the VIP to fetch the latest information from various web servers. The latest information retrieved by the Selendroid architecture includes live weather report, transport related information and news update.


Objective: Defi nition of slope gradient for station track profi le elevation at which self-induced runningoff of loose running stock. Methods: Simulation of rolling stock movement based on analytical solution of differential equation of equilibrium of cut of wagons. Cut of wagons on station track is treated as a solid on a gradient plane with a mass equal to the mass of the cut of wagons. Track profi le elevation is approximated by piecewise-linear right line. Results: The paper shows that hopper wagons have the highest probability of self-induced running-off due to high air resistance coeffi cient. For three-element profi le the hypothetic wind speed at which running-off of wagons is possible remains relatively low, about 14 metres per second, which leaves the problem of effective fastening of wagons at stations still current. Practical importance: The solution obtained permits evaluating the probability of running-off of loose rolling stock under the action of gravity and under the impact of wind loading, as well as refi ne the norms for fastening of wagons at a station. The proposed calculation scheme also permits gauging the strength with which moving wagons would impact the backing thrust in case it is installed at the end of a track section.


The intelligent control system for smart city lighting is discussed in a paper. System is applicable for electric lighting of streets, highways, and surrounding areas. The system combines the motion sensors and the lighting fixtures are into single network. The automatic switching of lighting fixtures into a mode of reduced power is carried out while the external natural light level is higher a certain threshold value. When the moving object is appeared in nearby proximity of motion sensors its speed and direction of movement are determined. With regards these values the needed number of local lighting fixtures is determined. The powers of these lighting fixtures should be turned on the certain level. In other words the appearance of moving object at the next illuminated point is predicted. The increasing of lighting fixtures power of is carried out smoothly while the moving object is approaching to corresponding lamp post. Due to the dynamic power control of lighting fixtures the significant energy saving is achieved. The safety of traffic is increased, because of the lighting fixtures number, which operates with increased power, is determined by moving object speed. The possible braking distance of moving object will be significantly less than the roadway illuminated section. Smooth change of lighting fixture power reduces the pressure on vehicle driver.


According to experimental results,thelong-termdurability ofbrittle materialsisgenerally definedby the development of corrosion cracks. It is supposed that the growth of corrosion cracks is governed by the kinetic equation corresponding to the reaction of decomposition of solid solution, and the stress intensity factor is responsible for the acceleration of the corrosion processes. Taking Griffit's strength law into account, a fatigue criterion of a specimen with a crack is formulated. The reliability problem of complex mechanical systems composed of a number of elements with the crack type defects is also considered. As thereliability of asystemdepends onthereliability ofindividual elements and theway of theirconnection, the systems with the elements connected parallel and in series are considered. For each system the fatigue corrosion criterion is formulated and the corresponding fatigue curves are constructed. It is shown that the reliability of the system withparallel connected elementsis superiortothe reliability of a system with elements connected in series.


In this paper the fundamental frequencies of non-radial oscillations of polytropic gas spheres, belonging to spherical harmonics of orders l = 1 and 2, are evaluated, in a "second approximation", by a variational method. Also, the value of the ratio of the specific heats γ is determined for which an accidental degeneracy occurs between the fundamental modes of radial oscillation and non-radial oscillation belonging to l = 2; it is found that this value of γ varies from 16 for a homogeneous compressible sphere to 1 5719 for a poly trope of index n = 3.


The microanalysis is very useful in various scientific regions. Microanalysis reference material (MRM) is important for quantitative analysis and quality control. The minimum analytic mass of the presented testified standard material is 100 mg. It is indispensable to study a microanalysis reference material. A solid powder 99% in size of 500 mesh for microanalysis reference material ( MRM) has being prepared. The minimum analytic masses of I mg were determined by SRXRF for elements ( K, Ca, Ti, Mn, Fe, Zn, Rb, Sr).


roots in the African Continent and may be Africa's last hope for reversing societal collapse. I do not deny the validity of the Western liberal tradition to the human rights movement. I only inform it with an African perspective, that of the twinning of duties and rights in a society consumed by the socialization of the individual, a concept articulated by the 1981 African Charter on Human and Peoples Rights. This view is not relativist—it does not advance or advocate the concept of apartheid in human rights or the notion that each cultural tradition has generated its own distinctive and irreconcilable concept of human rights. This is the approach of the outsider who rejects universality. I proceed from the position that although cultural relativism in human rights as an anti-imperialist device is admirable, it is a misunderstanding inspired by cultural nationalism. What its proponents see as radically distinctive, irreconcilable traditions also possess ideals that are universal. Most critiques of cultural relativism, on the other hand, are ethnocentric and symptomatic of the moral imperialism of the West. Both extremes serve only to detain the development of universal jurisprudence of human rights. In reality, the construction and definition of human rights ideals and norms are dynamic and continuous processes. Human rights are not the monopoly or the sole prerogative of any one culture or people, although claims to that end are not in short supply. In one culture, the individual may be venerated as the primary bearer of rights, while in another individual rights may be more harmonized with the corporate body. Rather than assert the primacy of one over the other, or argue that only one cultural expression and historical experience constitutes human rights, I prefer to see each experience as a contributor to the whole. The process of the construction of universal human rights is analogous to the proverbial description of the elephant by blind men: each, on the basis of his sense of feeling, offers a differing account. Put together, all the accounts paint a complete picture. As a dynamic process, the creation of a valid conception of human rights must be universal; that is, the cultures and traditions of the world must, in effect, compare notes, negotiate positions and come to agreement over what constitutes the corpus of rights characterized as human rights. This is the basket approach.


This study investigates how party and nonparty newspapers in China frame sensitive political issues differently, depending on their geographic relevance. Extant studies indicate that political control influences how news organizations present an issue. The assumption is that the framing of nationally sensitive issues is similar across Chinese news outlets, while the framing of locally sensitive issues diverges. An examination of the news frames used by six newspapers in Guangzhou in their coverage of a nationally sensitive issue and a locally sensitive issue confirms this assumption. In the coverage of the nationally sensitive issue, all newspapers use more leadership frames and factual information than responsibility, conflict and human interest frames. Contrastingly, the party newspapers use more leadership frames, whereas nonparty newspapers use more conflict frames in the reporting of the locally sensitive issue.


Single ions and crystals of ions are confined in a linear Paul trap and are investigated for quantum information processing. Superpositions of the S1/2 ground state and the long lived D 5/2 state are used to implement a qubit. The ions are optically cooled and fluorescence light at 397 nm on the S1/2 - P1/2 transition is monitored for a state measurement by the "electron shelving" technique. The S1/2 - D5/2 quadrupole transition at 729 nm is excited for cooling the crystals to the vibrational ground state and for the manipulation of individual qubits


Wavelet-based image denoising is very attractive to analysis and synthesis functions. It enables us to divide a complicated function into several simpler ones and study them individually. In this paper, we present a new image-denoising algorithm based on multiresolution local contrast entropy of the wavelength coefficients. We introduce a new adaptive threshold estimation depending on the probability distribution of the noise in the wavelet coefficients. This threshold enables the proposed algorithm to be adaptive to unknown smoothness of the denoising images. The experiment confirms that the proposed approach is cable of achieving good results for additive white Gaussian noise.


CircRNA, mainly derived from exons, lacks coding ability for the absence of 5' Cap and 3' poly (A) tail. Increasing evidence indicated that circRNA is closely associated with cardiovascular diseases via sponging miRNAs. However, few studies focused on the role of polypeptides from circRNA in heart. Here, we identified a circRNA (circ-Cdyl2) from CDYL2 (Chromodomain Y-like 2) increasing remarkably in vitro (hypoxia and low-glucose treated cardiomyocytes) or in vivo (failing heart post MI (myocardial infarction)) and coding a polypeptide termed Cdyl2-60aa for the presence of IRES (Internal Ribosomal Entry Sites). Cdyl2-60aa could stabilize the APAF1 (apoptotic protease activating factor-1) via blocking its interaction with HSP70 (heated shock protein 70) and in turn accelerated cell apoptosis. Results in vivo showed that the reduction of circ-Cdyl2 could significantly slow the deterioration of cardiac function post MI. In conclusion, our work discovered that circ-Cdyl2 promotes cell apoptosis via Cdyl2-60aa/APAF1 axis.


This paper focuses on modeling and simulation of a Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator (PMSG) based wind turbine with three different types of inverter with the same configuration in its control section. In this research, a Two-Level, Three-Level and a Five-Level inverter has been used in three different simulation program to justify their performance under the same control system and same PMSG system. Based on their performance, corresponding graphical analysis has also been shown. This paper also deals with the both dynamic and transient stability of the system. Proper comparison between these three inverters has been included on the basis of their simulation performance. The performance of the system is verified by proper simulations with PSCAD Professional 4.2.0 and the obtained results are presented with brief graphical analysis.


After two years of cooperation the PALplus project has decided on the PALplus system architecture. In these two years, aspects of format conversion, improved Y/C separation, backwards compatible transmission, sound improvements, and echo cancellation techniques have been studied in various European laboratories. Two series of subjective tests have been carried out in order to find the best performing algorithm from the various proposals. The paper outlines the architecture of the system and introduces the techniques used in the various stages of the video signal processing.


To effectively produce quinolinate, L- aspartate oxidase mutant feedback deregulated by nicotinic acid or NAD, and provides a microorganism comprising the L- aspartate oxidase mutant. By culturing a microorganism containing L- aspartate oxidase variants, it is possible to effectively produce a quinolinate.


TN MARCH, I874, Harper's New Monthly Magazine published Whitman's "Prayer of Columbus," a clearly autobiographical poem portraying the emotions of a prophet unrecognized in his own country. In explaining the poem's biographical significance, Harold W. Blodgett and Sculley Bradley observe, "On January 23 of the preceding year, Walt Whitman had suffered a paralytic stroke; just four months later, May 23, he had lost his mother; and during the I870's, despite occasional placement of poems in the magazines, he was feeling the public neglect." The poem, the monologue of "A batter'd, wrecked old man . . . Venting a heavy heart,"' has contributed to the general impression that during his life, Whitman was a neglected writer. In view of the importance of the monthlies as "the principal voices of the genteel era,"2 Whitman viewed his ability to publish in the magazines as a crucial indicator of his literary position. In this regard it is ironic that his "Prayer" should appear in Harper's, certainly the most successful middle-class magazine of the time. We might well ask just what was Wthitman's standing with the important monthlies? Less than two years later, in "Whitman's Actual American Position," an article whichthe poet himself wrote but had inserted in the regular columns of ithe West Jersey Press for January 26, I876,3 he made the following statement:


OBJECTIVES
Diabetes is a complex disease requiring daily self-management of diet and activity, yet many patients do not receive recommended self-management education, medical nutrition therapy, or team-based care that includes registered dietitian nutritionists (RDNs). Such service deficits contribute to challenges in meeting combined diabetes care goals. We evaluated the impact of adding RDN-supervised dietetic interns to an established primary care interprofessional education/teamwork model on patients' clinical outcomes and health professions students' team skills.

METHODS
Electronic health records were retrospectively analyzed to evaluate the impact of interprofessional care teams including dietetic practitioners on patient outcomes and compare these changes to outcomes achieved with the previous model without such participation. Pre-test/post-test surveys were used to evaluate health professions students' self-reported changes in team skills.

RESULTS
Patient outcomes for glycemic control, systolic blood pressure, triglycerides, and depression improved significantly, and emergency department visits decreased by 79% after interprofessional care. Average hemoglobin A1c levels decreased from 11.6% to 8.3% (p < .001), an additional 1.1% reduction over previous results, following incorporation of dietetic practitioners. Students reported increased team skills after interprofessional care participation.

DISCUSSION
Health professions and dietetic program faculty should collaborate to develop interprofessional best practice primary care models for patients with diabetes.


In accordance with Industry 4.0 concept, the construction industry is a wide and perspective space for use of the latest knowledge, trends and technologies in the field of intelligent and Smart&Safe solutions. One of the areas where it is desirable to use these innovative approaches is area of digitization and automation of construction related to the design of a smart construction site. Each construction site is unique. Moreover, construction site is dynamic and complex environments, making them difficult to control and monitor. Construction safety prevents people from dying or becoming incapacitated. The correct design of the construction site layout will allow to increase work productivity, work safety and apply the principles of lean production. At present, it is appropriate that the design of the construction site be supported by elements of virtual reality. Construction site design is an integral part of the training of future civil engineers. The aim of the paper is to point out the possibilities of using virtual reality in the design of the safe construction site and its subsequent use in teaching students of Faculty of civil engineering at Technical university of Košice,


Experience and research have shown that the choice of appropriate architectures in the e arly design phases of software-intensive systems has a determinant impact on many of the crucia l qualities of such systems, e.g., maintainability, efficiency, reusability. In addition, early wrong decisions duri g architectural design are in general difficult and costly to change during subsequent stages of development. Furthermore, during software acquisition processes (e.g., outsourced development) , it is important to assess the extent to which the software acquired will be appropriate. For example, it is frequently important to know how easily software will accommodate likely requirement s changes in the future. In large scale software systems qualities such as maintainability ar e primarily determined by architectural decisions. Therefore, it is important to devise a method to assess a rchitectural designs at various levels of detail and during various stages of development, and particularly to design a me thod that will give insight into architectural design decisions in the early stages of a proj ect.


The article discusses the main features of urban agglomeration and analyzes how the southern capital - the city of Krasnodar is able to become the core of the agglomeration to promote the development of neighboring territories. The author identifies prerequisites for the formation of Krasnodar city agglomeration based on the market flow of labor, goods and capital, social and cultural relations of the city with suburbs and nearby rural areas. The article defines the basic management steps and appropriate measures of purposeful work on creation in the Krasnodar urban agglomeration in contrast to the spontaneously emerging processes that increase the burden on the city and weakening the periphery.


In the process of ground simulation object maneuver simulation in large-scale operation simulation, an efficient path planning method based on A*algorithm is proposed. By means of introducing all kind of geography factors and security factors into heuristic function, the plan reaching method solves the problem of finding an optimal path under acquiring enemy's situation and terrain data. Experiment results show that it has effectively raised path planning speed of A* algorithm and the scheme is practical and feasible.


As a young person, Joseph C. Wu, MD, PhD, the Simon Stertzer, MD, Professor of Medicine and Radiology and Director of Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, was drawn to cardiology because he was fascinated by the beating heart— "the center of melodic, rhythmic motion that makes it the most palpable organ of the human body." Now, Joe (as he is known to colleagues and friends) regularly observes the behavior of beating cardiomyocytes grown from patients' cells in his laboratory at the Biomedical Innovation building across from the Stanford University Hospital. "We take patient's blood cells, convert them into induced pluripotent stem cells and differentiate them into heart cells in a dish," he said. "We can also grow human engineered heart tissues in a dish." His work on human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) is on the cusp of revolutionizing cardiovascular drug studies. It is also bringing personalized medicine into reach for patients with genetic forms of heart disease. As he continues his ambitious research agenda, Dr Wu hopes to share his passion for cardiovascular health and science with the public, policymakers, and the next generation of cardiovascular researchers as he steps into the role of the 2023– 2024 president of the American Heart Association. "I want to raise public awareness about the importance of cardiovascular health because heart disease is the number one cause of mortality," he said during an interview. "I also want to emphasize the importance of investing in biomedical research that will benefit our patients in the future and training the next generation of scientific researchers who will do this critical work for decades to come."


ABSTRACTThis article provides broad-based insight into the future state of competitiveness in both domestic and global markets by identifying the driving forces and trends of competition in the engineering and construction (E&C) industry in the year 2000 and beyond. Historical and current trends were analyzed to identify the elements within E&C that will influence the nature of competition. The driving forces that will be shaping competition were investigated by a literature review and extensive interviews with 58 individuals from industries related to the E&C industry. The topics discussed include the changing nature of competition, declining competitiveness, obstacles to competitiveness, and future strategies.


Status of larger mammals in Chimmony Wildlife Sanctuary was studied. during the years 1992 to 1995; mainly based on observational methods. Vegetation of the sanctuary is composed of tropical wet evergreen forests, tropical semi-evergreen forests, and South Indian moist deciduous forests. Twenty two species of larger mammals were recorded from the sanctuary. Rare and endangered species like Lion-tailed Macaque Macaea silenus (Linnaeus); Tiger Panthera tigris (Linnaeus) and Kerala Forest Terrapin Heosemys silvatica (Henderson) arc reported for the first time from this area. As the density of herbivores was very low it supported only a small carnivore community.


Literature is meant the expression of thought in language, where by "thought" I mean the ideas, feelings, views, reasoning, and other operations of the human mind. Literature, then, is of a personal character; it consists in the enunciations and teachings of those who have a right to speak as representatives of their kind and in whose words their brethren find an interpretation of their own sentiments, a record of their own experience, and a suggestion for their own judgments. Novel as one of literary works which has story relationship with human life, so we can enlarge our experience about life through novel.

This study is intended to know the psychological conflict, the effect of the psychological conflict that faced by Grace Holbrook and how does Grace Holbrook solve the psychological conflict.

In this study, the writer of this thesis uses the qualitative research, becauseits focuses on understanding social phenomena from the perspective of the human participants in natural setting. While, objective approach was used in analyzing this study, because the writer just wants to know the story of the novel related to the topic without studying the author's life.

The result of this study are (1) the psychological conflict that faced by Grace Holbrook was avoidance-avoidance conflict. First, when Grace met Ford McCabe, the conflict which faced by Grace made her felt confuse to choose between Ford, the man who she loved and her father that was not agreeing their relationship. Second, when Grace Holbrook felt confuse with her pregnancy, it was because her father was not accept her baby to be his grandchild, on the other hand, Grace wanted to marry with Ford because of the baby and also because she loved him. (2) The effect of the psychological conflict that faced by Grace Holbrook were stress and angry. First, Grace felt stress about her father and Ford. Second, Grace felt angry at her father, because he did not want to accept his grandchild. (3) Grace Holbrook solved the psychological conflict by two solutions.

First, the solution used is algorithm. Her father did not want to accept Ford as son-in-law, and Grace decided to choose Ford for her future. Second, heuristic solution, because Grace took a quick solution to tell to her father about her pregnancy but her father still did not want to acknowledge the baby as his grandchild.


Abstract The director of the Commission on the Experimental Study of the Utilization of the Staff in the Secondary School, appointed by the National Association of Secondary-School Principals (NEA), has broken new ground in an effort to free high schools from their traditional shackles. Here he translates his bold and imaginative new patterns of education into our fields to present


Objective To assess the clinical and radiographic outcome of patients who underwent percutaneous vertebroplasty (PVP) in osteoporotic compression fractures and vertebral tumor.Methods Between January 2007 and June 2012,45 patients were treated with PVP at neurosurgery department of Xuanwu hospital; it were analyzed that the clinical and radiologic outcome including cement feature.The patient's clinic outcome was assessed before operation and 24 hours,3,6,12,24,36 months after the operation using visual analogue scale (VAS) and Oswestry disability index (ODI).The anterior vertebral body height and local sagittal Cobb's angle were also measured.Results The mean follow-up period was 13.917.8 months.Postoperative VAS,ODI,the local sagittal Cobb angle decreased from 7.3 ± 1.9,32.0±3.4 and 15.0° ±2.3° to4.8 ±1.6,22.1 t2.1 and 14.0° ±1.9° respectively before and after surgery (P <0.05).The anterior vertebral height increased from(16.0 ± 1.8) mm to(19.0 ± 2.1) mm before and after surgery (P < 0.05).There are no significant changes in VAS,ODI,anterior vertebral body height and the local sagittal Cobb's angle during 3-36 months follow-up.54% patients maintained with decreased VAS within 5 during follow-up.Conclusion PVP is an efficient miniinvasive procedure,which can provide durable pain relief in patients with osteoporotic compression fractures and vertebral tumor.

Key words:
Percutaneous vertebroplasty ;  Osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture ; Vertebral tumor


Background and Objective: Most malpractice disputes are caused by the breakdown of communication between patients and doctors or hospitals, which can harm the reputation of both parties, necessitating a fair solution. Cases can be resolved in one of two ways: litigation or non- litigation. Arbitration is a non-litigation method to reach a fair settlement without involving a court. The aim of the literature review is to describe the role of arbitration in the settlement of malpractice cases.
Methods: This study uses a systematic literature review.
Results: Arbitration is a reasonable method for resolving malpractice claims. This can be done by optimizing the rule of law in the form of pre-contract agreements between patients and hospitals or doctors, and by using the Arbitration Board to resolve medical disputes, especially malpractice disputes before they become court cases.
Conclusion: The significance of maximizing the rule of law as a foundation for carrying out an arbitration pattern is that it is faster and less expensive, and the decision is final and binding.


The Soil Management Assessment Framework (SMAF) was developed to evaluate impacts of land use and management practices on soil quality (SQ), but its suitability for Brazilian tropical soils was unknown. We hypothesized that SMAF would be sensitive enough to detect SQ changes associated with sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.) expansion for ethanol production. Field studies were performed at three sites across the south-central region of Brazil, aiming to quantify the impacts of a land use change sequence (i.e., native vegetation–pasture–sugarcane) on SQ. Eight soil indicators were individually scored using SMAF curves developed primarily for North American soils and integrated into an overall Soil Quality Index (SQI) and its chemical, physical, and biological sectors. The SMAF scores were correlated with two other approaches used to assess SQ changes, soil organic C (SOC) stocks and Visual Evaluation of Soil Structure (VESS) scores. Our findings showed that the SMAF was an efficient tool for assessing land use change effects on the SQ of Brazilian tropical soils. The SMAF scoring curves developed using robust algorithms allowed proper assignment of scores for the soil chemical, physical, and biological indicators assessed. The SQI scores were significantly correlated with SOC stocks and VESS scores. Long-term transition from native vegetation to extensive pasture promoted significant decreases in soil chemical, physical, and biological indicators. Overall SQI suggested that soils under native vegetation were functioning at 87% of their potential capacity, while pasture soils were functioning at 70%. Conversions of pasture to sugarcane induced slight improvements in SQ, primarily because of improved soil fertility. Sugarcane soils are functioning at 74% of their potential capacity. Based on this study, management strategies were developed to improve SQ and the sustainability of sugarcane production in Brazil.


Conversational systems are inherently disadvantaged when indicating either what capabilities they have or the state they are in. The notion of habitability, the appropriate balancing in design between the language people use and the language a system can accept, emerged out of these early difficulties with conversational systems. This literature review aims to summarize progress in habitability research and explore implications for the design of current AI-enabled conversational systems. We found that i) the definitions of habitability focus mostly on matching between user expectations and system capabilities by employing well-balanced restrictions on language use; ii) there are two comprehensive design perspectives on different domains of habitability; iii) there is one standardized questionnaire with a sub-scale to measure habitability in a limited way. The review has allowed us to propose a working definition of habitability and some design implications that may prove useful for guiding future research and practice in this field.


The morphology of strains of Skeletonema Greville emend Sarno et Zingone was examined in LM, TEM, and SEM and compared with sequence data from nuclear small subunit rDNA and partial large subunit rDNA. Eight distinct entities were identified, of which four were known: S. menzelii Guillard, Carpenter et Reimann; S. pseudocostatum Medlin emend. Zingone et Sarno; S. subsalsum (Cleve) Bethge; and S. tropicum Cleve. The other four species were new: S. dohrnii Sarno et Kooistra sp. nov., S. grethae Zingone et Sarno sp. nov., S. japonicum Zingone et Sarno sp. nov., and S. marinoi Sarno et Zingone sp. nov. Skeletonema species fell into four morphologically distinct groups corresponding to four lineages in the small subunit and large subunit trees. Lineage I included S. pseudocostatum, S. tropicum, S. grethae, and S. japonicum. All have external processes of the fultoportulae with narrow tips that connect with those of sibling cells via fork‐, knot‐, or knuckle‐ like junctions. Lineage II included only the solitary species S. menzelii. Lineage III comprised S. dohrnii and S. marinoi. This latter pair have flattened and flared extremities of the processes of the fultoportulae, which interdigitate with those of contiguous valves without forming knots or knuckles. Lineage IV only contained the brackish water species S. subsalsum. Some species also differ in their distribution and seasonal occurrence. These findings challenge the concept of S. costatum as a single cosmopolitan and opportunistic species and calls for reinterpretation of the vast body of research data based on this species.


OBJECTIVE
To optimize the formulation of dry powder inhalation of Rehmannia glutinosa oligosaccharides (RGOS-DPI) extracted from traditional Chinese medicinal herbs.

METHOD
RGOS-DPI was prepared by spray drying technique. Dependent variables such as yield, moisture absorption rate, emptying rate and mean diameter of micropowder were transformed into desirabilities mathematically by Hassan's method. Overall desirability was calculated from the geometric mean of the four desirabilities of each formulation. The effects of influence factors such as the inlet temperature, the contents of mannitol in the total amount of adjuvant and solution density were investigated using central composite design and response surface method. The data of overall desirability were analyzed using multi-linear equation and second-order polynomial equation for selecting the optimal conditions for DPI preparation.

RESULT
The method of second-order polynomial equation was superior to multi-linear equation method in view of the correlation coefficients. Under the optimal conditions, the yield, moisture absorption rate, emptying rate and mean diameter of the RGOS-DPI were 78.60%, 5.93%, 94.20% and 2.537 microm, respectively.

CONCLUSION
The central composite design can be used to optimize preparation. The optimized process for RGOS-DPI preparation is stable and feasible. The diameter of micropowder is suitable which can meet the demands of pulmonary delivery.


In this paper, we describe a case study about gamification and construction of a virtual field museum using external game design of Ingress, an augmented reality game on smartphones platform. In this case study, a game is used as a tool to construct a virtual field museum in Sagamihara, Japan. The project extend the original game design of Ingress and it emulated a school club named "Sagami Ingress Club" and used website and Twitter to promote connection with local history, museology, and heritage. The Twitter account obtained 137,000 impressions within 68 days from regional promotion. The blog access increased from 1,537 to 5,872 per month from October 2014 to January 2015. The project held two events: the first event comprised of voluntary players and the second event was self-organized and accepted as an official venue among 169 venues from 49 countries. A total of 63 participants gathered for the 6-h event, and 56% of them were first-time visitors of the museum. The progress score was the fifth highest in the world at the time.


Different theoretical accounts have attempted to integrate anterior cingulate cortex involvement in relation to conflict detection, error-likelihood predictions, and error monitoring. Regarding the latter, event-related potential studies have identified the feedback-related negativity (FRN) component in relation to processing feedback which indicates that a particular outcome was worse than expected. According to the conflict-monitoring theory the stimulus-locked N2 reflects pre-response conflict. Assumptions of these theories have been made on the basis of relatively simple response-mapping tasks, rather than more complex decision-making processes associated with everyday situations. The question remains whether expectancies and conflicts induced by everyday knowledge similarly affect decision-making processes. To answer this question, electroencephalogram and behavioral measurements were obtained while participants performed a simulated traffic task that varied high and low ambiguous situations at an intersection by presenting multiple varying traffic light combinations. Although feedback was kept constant for the different conditions, the tendency to cross was more pronounced for traffic light combinations that in reallife are associated with proceeding, as opposed to more ambiguous traffic light combinations not uniquely associated with a specific response. On a neurophysiological level, the stimulus-locked N2 was enhanced on trials that induced experience-based conflict and the FRN was more pronounced for negative as compared to positive feedback, but did not differ as a function of everyday expectancies related to traffic rules. The current study shows that well-learned everyday rules may influence decision-making processes in situations that are associated with the application of these rules, even if responding accordingly does not lead to the intended outcomes.


We analyze a system of reaction-diffusion equations describing the oxidation of binary alloys in environments containing smaIl amounts of surface poisons. These poisons reduce the oxygen flux into the alloy, which causes the alloy to oxidize in two stages. During the initial stage, the oxidation reaction occurs in a stationary boundary layer at the alloy surface. Consequently, a thin zone containing a very high concentration of the metal oxide is created at the alloy surface. During the second stage, the oxidation reaction occurs in a moving boundary layer. This leads to a Stefan problem, which is analyzed by using asymptotic and numerical techniques. By comparing our solutions to those of alloys in unpoisoned environ- ments, we conclude that surface poisons can lead to the formation of protective external oxide scales in alloys which would not normally form such scales. 1. Introduction. At high temperatures, engineering alloys are able to withstand corrosive environments due to their ability to form a continuous layer of a protective metal oxide at the alloy surface (a protective external oxide scale) which separates the reactive metal from the aggressive environment. Corrosive agents from the environment, such as carbon and oxygen, and metal atoms from the alloy can only diffuse very slowly through a protective metal oxide. Thus if an alloy forms a continuous layer of such an oxide, it will effectively protect the alloy from further corrosion. Consider then an alloy which contains a metal A which forms a thermodynamically stable protective oxide AOq. When the alloy is exposed to an oxidizing environment, oxygen atoms enter the alloy and react with A atoms to form AOq. The oxide AOq which is created will either precipitate externally as a continuous layer of AOq at the alloy surface (external oxidation), or will precipitate internally as small oxide particles dispersed within the alloy (internal oxidation). If the oxide precipitates internally, so no protective scale is formed, then the alloy will continue to corrode and corrosive failure typically ensues rapidly. Currently, it is believed that the key factor determining which mode of precipitation occurs is the concentration of AOq that develops near the surface: If this concentration exceeds a threshold level, then an external scale forms; otherwise, the alloy oxidizes internally (1), (2), (7), (8). This criterion for external oxide scale formation is discussed briefly in ? 6. Once a protective external oxide scale has formed, it thickens very slowly due to the slow diffusion of A or 0 atoms through the scale. The thickened scale eventually spalls off (due to stresses induced by thermal expansion) or is eroded off by mechanical action. Then a new scale forms. The concentration of A near the alloy surface gradually declines due to the repeated spallation (or erosion) and reformation of oxide scales. When the level of A is too low, an insufficient concentration of AOq is produced and no external scale forms. Then the alloy must be removed from service. Let us briefly reconsider what occurs when the alloy is exposed to an oxidizing environment. The 0 atoms enter the alloy and diffuse until they react with A atoms. The reaction will decrease the concentration of A near the surface, so additional A atoms will diffuse toward the alloy surface from the bulk of the alloy. Crudely speaking, the concentration of AOq produced depends on the ratio of the flux of A atoms to that of the 0 atoms; the higher the ratio, the higher the concentration of AOq* Thus, if the flux of 0 atoms could be reduced, then the alloy would form external oxide


Summary

A cognitive or problem-solving interpretation of verbal conditioning was extended by making explicit the role of demand awareness and cooperation motivation in mediating the behavior. It was found that the word "reinforcement" itself was effective in producing verbal conditioning, and as predicted there was a highly significant difference between subjects who had taken a course in psychology and those who had not Postexperimental measures of contingency awareness, demand awareness and cooperation motivation all correlated with experimental performance That the strongest association was obtained when demand awareness plus cooperation motivation were considered was interpreted as indicating the crucial importance of these variables in mediating so-called verbal conditioning Data were interpreted as questioning the appropriateness of using the concepts of instrumental appetitive conditioning to describe so-called verbal conditioning. The effect seems to be an artifact of subjects cooperating with experimental demand characteristics


The problems of cognitive modeling of parameters and factors, received in the result of the analysis of purposes and functions tree of the management system of the regional consumer cooperation are considered in the article. The chains of purpose model factors were determined, the analysis of coherence was conducted and there was studied the process of disturbance spreading on the graph which allows to determine the reserves of efficiency increase of management activity system of regional consumer cooperation


Presently, the control of foundation deformation is mainly carried out by setting the allowable value to avoid or minish its effects in design stage. For existing building, foundation deformation usually exceeds the allowable subsoil deformation that is anticipated in design phase because of many reasons, which is especially serious in soft soil area. This results in additional stress not considered in design stage and reduces the reliability of superstructure. It establishes safety control criterion of foundation deformation of steel structure workshop in soft soil region in terms of design criteria of foundation deformation in soft soil region and the classification standard on reliability of steel structural member, which offers a security of structural safety.


Background:
 Neonates with congenital heart disease are more likely to be small for gestational age. Few studies have investigated the effect of birth weight Z-score on outcomes after congenital heart surgery.

 Methods:
 Patients from the Society of Thoracic Surgeons Congenital Heart Surgery Database (2010 to 2016) undergoing cardiac surgery at a corrected gestational age ≤ 44 weeks were included, and classified as severely (birth weight Z-score -4 to -2), moderately (Z-score between -2 and -1) and mildly growth restricted (Z-score -1.0 to -0.5) and compared to a reference (Z-score 0 to 0.5). Multivariable logistic regression clustering on center was used to evaluate the association of birth weight Z-score with operative mortality, postoperative complications and length of stay, adjusting for other patient characteristics. Interaction between Z-score for birth weight and gestational age was assessed.

 Results:
 In 25,244 patients, operative mortality was 8.6% and major complications occurred in 19.4%. Compared to the reference group with no growth restriction, the adjusted odds (AOR) of mortality was increased in infants with severe (AOR 2.4, CI 2.0-3.0), moderate (AOR 1.7, CI 1.4-2.0) and mild growth restriction (AOR 1.4, CI 1.2-1.6). The AOR for major postoperative complications was increased for infants with severe (AOR 1.4, CI 1.2-1.7) and moderate growth restriction (AOR 1.2, CI 1.1-1.4), but not in mildly growth restricted infants (AOR 1.0, CI 0.9-1.2). Length of stay was prolonged for all growth restricted cohorts (adjusted Hazard Ratio<1, p<0.05 for all). There was significant interaction between birth weight Z-score and gestational age (p=0.007) with the strongest association between birth weight Z-score and operative mortality in early-term (gestational age 37-38 weeks), followed by full-term (>38 weeks) and then preterm infants (<37 weeks).

 Conclusions:
 Even birth weight Z-scores that are slightly below average are independent risk factors for mortality and morbidity in neonates undergoing cardiac surgery. The strongest association between poor fetal growth and operative mortality exists in early-term neonates. These novel findings may account for some of the previously unexplained variation in cardiac surgical outcomes.


The technology for producing gluten-free products based on grains flour continues to improve, which appreciably increases the nutritional importance of these products and expands the assortment of inexpensive gluten-free food products of domestic production.
The aim of the addressed topic was to characterize the mineral composition and total antioxidant capacity of millet, flax and buckwheat flours and to identify some potential characteristics to help create healthier products with specific fingerprints. The case study regarding millet, flax and buckwheat flours was carried out in the Food Analysis Laboratory within ULST.
All three are gluten-free flours that can be used as an alternative to wheat flour for people which choose to eat gluten free products or have celiac disease or gluten intolerance.
To carry out the study were performed minerals content analysis using XRF Hitachi XMET8000 Analyzer and total antioxidant capacity using CUPRAC method. The obtained results were compared with those presented in different scientific articles and databases (USDA, FoodB). The statistical evaluation of data was done using PAST and MVSP. The data corresponding to the mineral content proves that millet flour has a mineral composition relatively similar to flax flour, but less similar to buckwheat flour. The Principal Component Analysis shows that flax and buckwheat flours cannot replace millet flour. The mineral analysis of different gluten free flours can help create food products with variable mineral content based on the need of different consumers.


: The topics treated in the text concerning the contributions of the social function of the course of teaching the processo of their closure. How question to be answered in the approach of this work, arose: what the foundations of the social function of teaching and in contributing to the process of maintaining this course in the duration of the PROEM (19962002)? To answer this problem, we investigated whether a State College located in western Paraná who resisted the termination of the course of theaching. This school has been taken as a field of research, mainly for being at the time of PROEM, important reference for training teachers in the region. The research, interviews with former directors, former educator, teacher and former student of the course. Considering the data collected, it is clear that the social function of the Teaching Course is structured (structured itself) on two fundamentals: the relationship between teacher training and expansion and improvement of elementary education or primary education and the relationship between qualification work and possibilities of entering the labor market.


Recommendation systems − based on the functionalities clustering, classification, and prediction − automate information processing steps such as the classification of artifacts and assist the user in decision-making processes. Many of these systems are realized by symbolic methods such as association rule mining or by rule-based mechanisms in general. Consequently, they lack the capability of generating recommendations for new and hitherto unprocessed contents by means of generalization.

The hybrid and domain-independent framework developed in this dissertation called SymboConn is based on a connectionist learning algorithm and is, however, able to process symbolic knowledge. In addition, the framework provides a high generalization capability, flexibility, and robustness. We demonstrate its applicability by several case studies in the areas of navigation recommendation for web pages, design pattern discovery, change impact analysis for software development, and time series prediction for demand planning.


A method for determining a property of a rod-shaped article (15) of the tobacco processing industry, in particular a filter rod, a tobacco rod, a filter cigarette or a multi-segment article, by means of X-rays comprising the steps of: - positioning the rod-shaped article (15) in an X-ray device (11, 12) arranged on one (between a x-ray source 11) and an X-ray detector (12) sample holder (20); - rotating the sample holder (20) or the X-ray device (11, 12) about an axis of rotation; - irradiating the rod-shaped article (15) with X-ray radiation (14), and capturing radiographic images in different rotational positions; - reconstructing a 3D model of the rod-shaped article (15) from the acquired X-ray images by means of a CT algorithm; and - computer analysis of the 3D model of the rod-shaped article (15) to determine the property of the rod-shaped article (15).


Cotton is known as white gold and queen of fibers. It is an important cash crop of global significance which plays a dominant role in world agriculture and industrial economy. India is important grower of cotton on a global scale. The cotton productivity in 2016-17 has 568 kg/ha with an area of 105 lakh ha and production 351 lakh bales each 170 kg [1]. Plant geometry is having greater importance in cotton cultivation. Bt cotton crop may be producing excessive vegetative growth at wider plant geometry and excessive reproductive growth at close plant geometry. However, numerically lower monopodial with closer plant geometry and lower sympodial with wider plant geometry were observed indicating more period under vegetative growth with wider spacing [2]. Closer plant geometry also recorded higher seed cotton yields [3]. Cultivar selection, a key management component in any cropping system, is even more critical in various crop geometry of cotton production. While high yield potential is a predominant consideration, maturity, plant size, the transgenic present, and fiber properties are also major factors to consider [4]. The maximum exploitation of these genotypes can be achieved only after determining their optimum planting densities in comparison to recommended cotton varieties. In general, it was observed that lower plant densities produces high values of growth and yield attributes per plant, but yield per unit area was higher with higher plant densities [5]. The reasons for decreasing productivity are due to decreasing soil fertility especially micronutrients, imbalanced use of fertilizer and occurrences of physiological disorders like square dropping, square drying, leaf reddening etc. Among these, imbalanced use of major and micro nutrients is the major problem [6]. To overcome these constraints, additional nutrition through foliar feeding is required over and above the normal fertilizer recommendation. This is one of the most efficient ways of supplying essential nutrients to a growing crop. Newly released, high yielding transgenic cotton cultivars are said to have a higher nutrient demand during the boll development period (between flowering and maturity) due to their higher boll retention rate and larger boll load than conventional cultivars [7].


Introduction: Moqlenjan supplement plays an important role in the treatment and prevention of dyslipidemia and diabetes and may increase the benefits of exercise. This study was conducted to examine the effect of aerobic training with Moqlenjan supplementation on lipid profiles and glycemic indices of overweight men. Methods: In this clinical study, 32 overweight men in the age range of 35 to 45 years old and BMI 26.93±1.3 kg.m-2 were randomly divided into four groups of eight: 1) aerobic training, 2) Moqlenjan supplement, 3) aerobic training along with the Moqlenjan supplementation 4) control. Groups 1 and 3 performed aerobic exercise with 60-80% of maximum heart rate for eight weeks, three sessions per week, and each session for 40 to 50 minutes. Also, groups 1 and 3 consumed two 250 mg tablets per day for eight weeks. Before the start of the study and 48 hours after the last training session, the variables of the research were measured from all the groups. For data analysis, SPSS software version 21 was used for statistical analysis of variance analysis and paired sample t-test. The significance level of the tests was less than 0.05. Results: Aerobic training, supplementation and aerobic training along with supplementation caused a significant decrease in fat, triglyceride, cholesterol, LDL, and insulin resistance, and a significant increase in HDL (P≤0.05), but did not change the weight and body mass index (P> 0.05). The results also showed that aerobic training along with supplementation has more effect on the above variables than aerobic training and supplement alone. Conclusion: It seems that aerobic training along with Moqlenjan supplement results in a higher reduction in the percentage of fat, triglyceride, cholesterol, LDL, and insulin resistance, as well as a higher increase in the HDL in comparison with aerobic training exercise and supplementation alone. Therefore, it is recommended that these people use aerobic training with Moqlenjan supplement to lower blood lipids, improve insulin resistance, and prevent diabetes. Keyword: Moqlenjan, Training, Lipid Profile, Glycemic Indices Received: 15 May 2017 Accepted: 12 August 2017 Published online: 1September 2017 *Corresponding author: Bahram Abedi. Department of Physical Education, Mahallat Branch, Islamic Azad University,


The paper mainly discusses the design,improvement and application about the technologyof the automatic switch control for the output voltage of the D.C.stable voltage power usingin the electronic devices and intelligent products.


A mechanism for beamforming using an antenna array comprising dual polarization elements is provided. The method includes generating one or two beam ports, wherein one or two beam ports are formed by combining at least two non-overlapping sub-arrays. Each subarray has two subarray ports, and the two subarray ports have the same power pattern and mutually orthogonal polarization. At least two non-overlapping sub-arrays are combined through the extension weights. The extension weight maps one or two beam ports to the subarray ports so that one or two beam ports have the same power pattern as the subarrays. At least some of the extension weights have the same magnitude, not zero, and are phase related to form a transmitting lobe. The method includes transmitting the signal using the one or two beam ports.


This article draws on a sample of city managers, assistant city managers, and department heads in U.S. local government jurisdictions to examine whether theoretical assertions about the relationships between performance-related pay, public service motivation, and employee job satisfaction hold empirical merit. Contrary to theoretical expectations, findings from an ordered logistic regression and a series of Monte Carlo simulations suggest performance-related pay is associated with greater job satisfaction, especially among employees who possess stronger public service motives. Results also suggest variable pay may be particularly important to employees who have lower levels of public service motivation.


The entirety of a society, its global social structure or (economic and) social formation, may be thought of äs resulting from the interrelationship (articulatiori) between two general 'planes', the first of which constitutes the social böse and the second, the superstructure (Marx 1957: 4). The relationship of the global social structure with the biotic and abiotic environment leads to a new structure, on the scale of the ecosystem. This new structure is dominated by the global social structure (Figure 1) (Scheibling 1977: 54-55). The base can be analytically divided into two principal 'planes': the productive forces (infrastructure) and the social relations of production (structure); while the superstructure can be analytically (and provisionally) divided into: a demographic 'plane', institutions, ideologies, and other social products. Depending on the mode of production (see below), i t is possible for a part of the superstructure to be functioning within the base (see Figure 1) (Godelier 1973: 18; Lefebvre 1971: 355-357). The interrelationships between and within the different planes of the global social structure are dialectical, that is, contradictory in nature; the terms of these interrelations constitute a unity. If we formulate the relation of the relations between the planes of the global social structure, we describe the laws that govern it. The nucleus of these laws is based on the mode of production, a term which in its narrow sense is identical to the base, and in its wider sense is identical to the base together with a section mainly of the political-ideological ensemble belonging to the superstructure. According to an orthodox marxist viewpoint, the global social structure is in the final analysis determined by its productive forces. (See also Godelier 1973: v, vii, viii, 16, 18, 69, 88, 211-212, 214-215, 241-244.) In my opinion, this constatation can be extended; for the structure of the productive forces can be determined by their relationship with the


Low power has emerged as a principal theme in today's electronic industry. Reduction of power consumption makes a device more reliable and efficient. As the demand of portable consumer electronics increases, and the size of the chip decreases, challenges towards the power dissipated are induced. Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor (CMOS) logic styles are best known for dissipating less energy or low power. The Proposed topology aims to design comparator logic circuits with different logic styles such as conventional CMOS, dynamic CMOS and domino CMOS. Initially, a single bit comparator will be designed and its functionality will be verified with all the three kinds of styles mentioned above. Using this design, by connecting them in a cascaded fashion, higher bit comparator circuits (4-bit and 8-bit) shall be obtained and a comparison will be drawn between the existing technology and the proposed design.


Typical loss coefficients and propagation constants of surface plasmon modes have been calculated. These results have been used to give an indication of the likely effects surface modes will have on the bound modes supported by the multi-layer waveguides of quantum cascade lasers.


8 October 2015 | Broadly speaking, mindsponge is a mechanism for explaining how an individual absorbs and integrates new cultural values into her/his own set of core values and the reverse of ejecting waning ones.


The paper deals with the formulation of a mathematical model to study a dynamics interaction of a three-layered channel wall with a pulsating viscous fluid layer in a channel. The narrow channel formed by two parallel walls was considered. The lower channel wall was a three-layered plate with a compressible core, and the upper one was absolutely rigid. The face sheets of the three-layered plate satisfied Kirchhoff's hypotheses. The plate core was considered rigid taking into account its compression in the transverse direction. Plate deformations were assumed to be small. The continuity conditions of displacements are satisfied at the layers' boundaries of the three-layered plate. The oscillations of the three-layered channel wall occurred under the action of a given law of pressure pulsation at the channel edges. The dynamics of the viscous incompressible fluid layer within the framework of a creeping motion was considered. The formulated mathematical model consisted of the dynamics equations of the three-layered plate with compressible core, Navier --- Stokes equations, and the continuity equation. The boundary conditions of the model were the conditions at the plate edges, the no-slip conditions at the channel walls and the conditions for pressure at the channel edges. The steady-state harmonic oscillations were investigated and longitudinal displacements and deflections of the plate face sheets were determined. Frequency-dependent distribution functions of amplitudes of plate layers displacements were introduced. These functions allow us to investigate the dynamic response of the channel wall and the fluid pressure change in the channel. The elaborated model can be used for the evolution of non-destructive testing of elastic three-layered elements contacting with a viscous fluid layer and being part of the lubrication, damping or cooling systems of modern instruments and units.