Exercise induced pulmonary hemorrhage (EIPH) is the presence of blood in the respiratory passages due to rupture of pulmonary capillaries when the horse is subjected to intense exercise. Any horse could suffer this condition, but is more frecuently observed in thoroughbreds, Appaloosas and polo horses. The exact cause is not known, therefore the multiple theories are described here, as well as, predisponent causes, preventive measures and treatments, especially the best known furosemide, Lasix®


The invention provides a mobile projector apparatus. Since the luminous quantity of the illuminating source of the prior small-sized portable terminal is few compared with ordinary projectors, the batteries are wasted in such a case that the small-sized portable terminal can not aware that the light source is wrongly illumined at the daylight or the like bright places, and the small-sized portable terminal is put in a pocket or a bag while still in a lightup status. The application is object to prevent the battery waste caused by inadvertence of subscriber and unconscious lighting up of the light source. The mobile projector apparatus includes: a first judging unit for judging whether the mobile projector apparatus has been carried; a second judging unit for judging whether the mobile projector apparatus is at a no use state; and an extinguishing unit, extinguishing the light source when outputs of the first judging unit and the second judging unit denote that the mobile projector apparatus has been carried and at a no use state.


A performance evaluation was made of two, black nickel coated, flat plate solar collectors. Collector performance was determined under a simulated sun for a wide range of inlet temperatures, including the temperature required for solar powered absorption air conditioning. For a basis of comparison a performance test was made on a traditional, two glass, nonselective, black paint coated, flat plate collector. Performance curves and performance parameters are presented to point out the importance of the design variables which determine an efficient collector. A black nickel coated collector was found to be a good performer at the conditions expected for solar powered absorption air conditioning. This collector attained a thermal efficiency of 50 percent at an inlet temperature of 366 K (200 F) and an incident flux of 946 watts/sq m (300 Btu/hr-sq ft).


Science process skills are a crucial instrument for learners to acquire competence through engaging in various learning activities. One facet of science process skills involves the utilisation of communication abilities, which may be effectively demonstrated through the creation of tables and graphs. Scientific communication encompasses both vocal and written forms of expression. Tables and graphs are commonly employed as effective instruments for delivering scientific knowledge or research findings communicatively. The objective of this study is to assess the proficiency of students in employing science process skills, specifically in the creation of tables and graphs, as well as to examine the potential correlation between these two skills. The employed research methodology is the descriptive correlational approach. Class XI science students from senior high school in Bogor Regency in the 2021/2022 school year were included in this study. There were a total of 240 students across 7 classes. Class XI Science 1 and XI Science 5 were used as samples in this research, with a total of 72 students. Cluster random sampling was used for the study's data collection. The study's findings indicate that students' Science Process Skills, specifically their ability to create tables and graphs, fall within the sufficient group. 2) The correlation between science process abilities and proficiency in creating tables and graphs falls within the poor category. 3) The proportion of the ability to create tables that accounts for the capacity to create graphs is 11%.


These cases are sufficiently rave, I think, to merit report with a view to inviting the experiences of others in regard to them. Medical literature, so far as it is within my reach, or within the reach of medical friends, makes no reference to such phenomena. The occurrence of dipterous larvae in man is hinted at (nothing more) under the heading diptera, in the Encyclopaedia Britannica. I had expected to find a


We propose to increase the reach and reduce the number of central offices by traffic aggregation of four G-PONs, achieving 10 Gbit/s downstream traffic. Upstream burst mode traffic at 1.25 Gbit/s is converted into continuous mode.


The occurrence of intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) is a great concern in animal production systems, leading to substantial economic losses. The multifactorial causes of IUGR make their prediction before or during pregnancy a challenging task. The amniotic fluid, containing chemical secretions of both the developing fetus and the amnion-allantois membrane, may offer a unique opportunity to investigate the causes of IUGR in piglets. Here we applied near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) as a rapid tool to discriminate the chemical composition of the amniotic fluid from IUGR fetuses at different gestational ages. The uteri of gravid sows were dissected at 60% (n = 6 sows) and 90% (n = 6 sows) of gestational age. Amniotic fluids were collected with a sterile 10-mL syringe connected to an 18-G needle under visual guidance, and samples without blood contamination were kept at 4°C while the fetus was measured. Samples were selected according to fetal weight and were classified as small (mean − 2 SD), medium (mean), and large (mean + 2 SD) sizes in each litter. Selected samples were kept at −80°C until NIRS transmittance spectra collection (350-2500 nm). At 60% of gestational age, male fetuses weighed 96 ± 1.2, 133 ± 1.7, and 159 ± 1.9 g and female fetuses weighed 117 ± 1.1, 137 ± 1.8, and 152 ± 1.8 g for small, medium, and large groups, respectively. The fetal weights at 90% of gestational age averaged 517 ± 0.6, 757 ± 0.6, and 912 ± 0.7 g for males and 532 ± 0.6, 718 ± 0.9, and 911 ± 0.6 g for females for small, medium, and large sizes, respectively. Chemometric analysis of the amniotic fluid spectra was applied to the wavelength range 1300-1600 nm using a balanced data set (n = 425) with an 80/20 calibration/validation distribution for linear discriminant analysis (LDA-PCA). Overall, we were able to discriminate samples according to fetal size and gestational age; LDA-PCA showed the highest size classification occurring with spectra derived from the small fetuses with an accuracy of 94.5-100% and 100% and 70.6% for the calibration and validation processes from 60% and 90% of gestational age, respectively. By contrast, when the analysis considered each sex at 60% of gestational age, the medium and small fetuses presented the highest size classification for females and males correspondingly. At 90% of gestational age, the large fetuses presented the best discrimination for both sexes. In conclusion, we were able to detect and discriminate chemical changes of the amniotic fluid from different fetuses using NIRS, indicating that this fluid contains molecules that may characterise IUGR in piglets. These observations will permit future investigations to identify specific molecules associated with IUGR that would lead to possible real-time corrective actions before birth. This work was supported by USDA-ARS grant no. 58-6402-3-018.


The International Commission on Radiological Protection is currently developing a new set of Recommendations on Radiological Protection. How these recommendations evolve from the current Recommendations (ICRP 60) could have direct practical implications on the nuclear industry. This paper will present the World Nuclear Association's (WNA) perspective, as a key international nuclear industry representative, on the current proposals by ICRP. The need for evolutionary development and the need for regulatory stability have been acknowledged by ICRP. This point is strongly supported by the industry. We believe that the case for a significant change to the system of protection is not compelling, and any rationalisations need to be carefully judged. Any changes should be evolutionary, requiring minimal changes to practical regulation, and should assure adequate protection of human health and safety and the protection of the environment, promote optimal use of public and private resources and help build public trust and confidence. ICRP has decided to reduce its current 30 or so specified values for various situations to just four, and to focus on sources in setting those (rather than dose limits from all sources, which is of less practical use). The principal concern for the industry is the proposal for a maximum dose constraint of 0.3mSv/y on public exposure, and the resulting practical implications. To carefully examine this, one must look beyond the very low off-site impacts from routine radioactive discharges from typical nuclear facilities and consider the nuclear industry in its totality, such as transportation, decommissioning and site remediation. The paper will look at the practical implications of the maximum dose constraint of 0.3 mSv/y for the public, as well as the other three values currently under consideration by ICRP, including occupational exposure. The establishment of an international approach to defining a level of dose below which society may legitimately maintain that an individual is adequately protected, is strongly supported by the industry. The WNA considers that this dose is not less than a few tens of microSieverts. This approach should be supported by guidance on the appropriate level of conservatism within dose assessments, both in the context of exclusion/clearance/exemption and critical groups in general. The continued use of collective dose will also be discussed. The WNA considers this is a useful concept in the optimisation of occupational exposure: in addition it needs to be supplemented by the consideration of the number of workers exposed at the higher levels and by wider pragmatic experience. Public collective dose is of very limited utility in decision making, and little if any weight should be given to exposures at long timescales and exceedingly trivial levels of individual exposure. Finally, the WNA welcomes both the lead taken by ICRP to bring the protection of non-human biota into a coherent overall framework addressing the totality of radiological protection, and the recognition by ICRP that the current system has in practice served to protect the environment. In fact, ICRP's decision to develop a systematic approach to radiological assessment of non-human species has not been driven by any particular concern over environmental radiation hazards, but rather aims to fill a conceptual gap in radiological protection. The industry considers that the focus for protection of non-human biota should be at the species and ecosystems level whilst endorsing that humans are protected at the individual level. Noting that all energy sources give rise to environmental detriments of different kinds, the fundamental issue is not simply how to avoid environmental harm, but how to balance and optimise the totality of benefits and detriments. † Present address : World Nuclear Association Bowater House, 114 Kinghtbridge, London SW1X 7LJ, United Kingdom ‡ The Radiological Protection Working Group (WNA) of the WNA consists of well versed radiological protection professionals from various sectors of the nuclear industry and from various countries (Canada, France, Japan, Sweden, United Kingdom, United States,...) The list of RPWG members is shown herein in Appendix A.


The utility model relates to a horizontal reaction kettle, which comprises a kettle body, a main shaft and a motor, wherein, the main shaft is arranged in the kettle body; the motor drives the main shaft to rotate; a coulter, which is arranged on the main shaft, comprises an upper bottom surface, a lower bottom surface, a left side surface, a right side and a bottom side surface; the upper bottom surface and the lower bottom surface are approximately in the shape of a triangle; the lower bottom surface is larger than the upper bottom surface; the left side surface and the right side surface are coulter surfaces; and the bottom side surface is a trapezoidal surface. The capacity of the reaction kettle is increased and the mixing effect is improved; and an independent inlet and outlet joint is arranged at each section in the kettle to better control the temperature in the reaction kettle. The utility model can be used as a mixing devices for various chemical solids and liquids.


Micro-electronic industry has been boosting the capability of wireless mobile devices on full-scale. However, battery, as the only power source of most mobile devices, is experiencing a relatively slow development. Therefore, how to optimally utilize the limited battery energy on mobile devices under a predefined performance requirement becomes a critical issue. On the other hand, it is still unclear that how the battery capacity consumption is allocated on different working pattern of a specific video codec under various tempo-spatial scales and parameters, which has posed a design challenge on power management on multimedia communication system. Furthermore, an optimization method is needed to be proposed and experimentally tested to achieve the tradeoff between the computational complexity and the distortion of multimedia delivery in order to discover the relationship and interaction between computational parameters of multimedia communication and battery capacity consumption. In this paper, we set up a measurement system to reveal the battery capacity consumption behavior and its footprinting in a video delivery system using H.264 codec. A systematic optimization framework which jointly considers the coding parameters and transmission parameters is proposed to achieve the tradeoff between battery capacity consumption and quality of services (QoS). Experimental results indicate insight of relationship between multimedia communication parameters and battery capacity consumption under a desired distortion requirement which provides a guideline of optimization for applicable multimedia system.


ABS TRACT: The present s tudy aimed to discover the memorabilia aspects and evaluate the effectiveness level on promoting the feeling of intimacy of inhabitants in localities to their biological scopes. The feeling of intimacy is a multidimensional issue for which various aspects are compelling. Based on the recent s tudies, memory as one of the criteria examines the feeling of intimacy toward their habitats. To assess the theoretical patterns, three locations were chosen as a case s tudy among old localities, including Ishaq Beyg, Blacks tone, and chicken market and three areas of irrigation, Havabord, and Eslahnezhad among new localities of Shiraz. A consis tent ques tionnaire was dis tributed among them. This s tudy includes a practical method is and developed based on correlation and descriptive-analytical technique. The ques tionnaires data were assessed by SPSS software and Spearman Correlation Coefficient tes ts, ANOVA, Tukey, Samples, and Paired Tes t Samples T and Pearson Correlation Coefficient. Our results indicated the homogeneity of particular localities in old and new contexture based on the individual feature's similarities and importance of memory aspect on the promotion of intimacy in all localities. Thus, social memories are more effective than skeletal ones in promoting the inhabitant's intimacy in localities. unique contribution that geographers to con- of place attachment, and of and sense of place. six types of places to which people become attached and provides a global range of empirical case s tudies to illus trate the theoretical foundations.


Renewable energy is energy that can be used indefinitely. As a result, renewable energy sources such as solar photovoltaics developed. Conventional converters, typically used to connect the microgrid to the battery, only change the voltage. To link the microgrid to the battery, bidirectional converters are required. A bidirectional converter is available in a variety of configurations. The control structure is highly sophisticated to obtain a satisfactory output. This article proposes a bidirectional DC-DC buck-boost converter for controlling current in DC microgrids, solar systems, and loads. A bidirectional DC-DC Buck-Boost converter is required to transmit and receive energy from the battery to the DC microgrid. When voltage is sent to the DC microgrid, the battery voltage is reduced. Otherwise, the charging voltage is increased when a battery is charged by voltage. This converter produces a better output voltage than an AC-DC Buck-Boost Converter, and its switching frequency is double that of typical converters. The modified DC-DC converter has the simplest form and the advantage of having the highest responsiveness.


Background and aims – Forest-savanna mosaics are some of the very diverse habitat types of the Congo Basin; multiple factors influence their dynamics such as climatic and edaphic conditions, animal dispersion, and anthropogenic activities. Presently, few studies have described this type of habitat, despite their important role in biodiversity conservation and their fragmentation. This study identified and described the floristic and structural composition of eight vegetation types of a long-term study site for bonobos in a forest-savanna mosaic of Bolobo Territory in the southwestern Congo Basin, Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC).
Methods – We surveyed trees, lianas and terrestrial herbaceous vegetation in 51 sampling units using a nested plot sampling, totaling 12.75 ha for trees with diameter at breast height (1.30 m above ground level, dbh) ≥ 30 cm, 5.1 ha for tree species with 10 cm ≤ dbh < 30 cm, and 0.02 ha for herbaceous vegetation, seedlings and saplings. First, detrended correspondence analysis of floristic data allowed the discrimination of seasonally inundated forests from terra firma forests. Then, structural data were analyzed to discriminate five terra firma forest types using hierarchical cluster analysis.
Key results – In this survey, 146 trees, 50 lianas and 42 herbaceous species were identified. Eight vegetation types were characterized. Each vegetation type was described in terms of structure (trees and lianas densities, basal areas, herbaceous vegetation densities) and floristic characteristics (species diversity, importance value index of tree species).
Conclusions – Some characteristics of vegetation types were particularly relevant to discuss (1) the forest-savanna dynamics and the important role of Pentaclethra eetveldeana in the plant succession, and (2) the effects of anthropogenic activities on different vegetation types


Complete sequence of mitochondrial D-loop region of 5 Mallards was determined by direct DNA sequencing based on the PCR products.The results revealed D-loop region complete sequence of Mallard was 1051bp in length,the nucleotide content of A,G,T,and C was 27.97%,15.51%,25.21% and 31.30% separately,the A+T content was higher than that of C+G,the nucleotide diversity was 0.005.Combined with D-loop region sequences of the Anas downloaded from GenBank,Phylogenetic tree was constructed by Neighbor-joining and Minimum Evolution methods.The phylogenetic trees indicated domestic duck,Mallard and Spotbilled duck were osculation,they constructed branch A,Both of mallard and spot-billed duck contributed to domestic duck evolution,and others constructed branch B.


Use this guide to the basics of Britain's political system to fire children's interest in government, how it operates and how it impacts their lives and local communities.


The inner loop of insert sort can be simplified by using a sentinel value. We suggest a way of avoiding the extra storage normally required for the sentinel, and a way of avoiding the prior, and possibly restrictive, choice of its value. Algorithms are given in Pascal.


Abstract : The Korean economy has grown successfully during the past several decades. Korean armed forces are struggling to achieve self-reliance as soon as possible. Both the economy and defense need advanced technology to maintain their rate of growth and to accomplish the country's utmost goal, self- sufficiency. By examining the historical background of the Korean economy and national defense, the author's intent is to find causes and problems of past growth and also to define new relationships between the economy and national defense. Finally, this thesis focuses on the role of defense authority to lead in the utilization of technology rather than depend upon the Korean economy entirely for Korean technological advancement.


Terrorism become a central and controversial issue of global attention. In Kenya, the capacity of the National Police Service (NPS) in counter terrorism (CT) significantly increased from August 1998 when Al-Qaida bombed the United States of America embassy in Nairobi. In spite of this, terrorist attacks have continued in the country. The objective of the study was therefore to establish the challenges the NPS face in CT. The study employed a descriptive survey research design. The study site was Nairobi County, Kenya. Both the probability and non-probability strategies were employed in the study. Data were collected from a sample of 311 respondents using semi-structured questionnaires and interview guides. Data analysis used both qualitative and quantitative techniques. The study established that NPS faced a myriad of challenges that hindered her effectiveness in CT. The study recommends that the NPS should increase the capacity of her officers by addressing the skills, resources, and expertise gaps to improve their effectiveness CT.


Bonded composite patch play an important role for repairing and restoring damage materials. In this study we compare the efficiency between two patches: boron epoxy and carbon epoxy repair in marine structure. The results obtained by finite element show that the two bonded composite patches behave almost the same and reduce the damage zone area, but the boron epoxy patch have a good performance for repairing a long cracks as shown by the obtained  results.


Objective
To investigate the status of increased blood parathyroid hormone(PTH)level among community residents in Urumqi, and to analyze its correlation with the metabolic parameters including serum Ca and P levels.

Methods
In May 2013, a cross-sectional survey was conducted, when 1 473 permanent residents in Urumqi, including 844 Han and 629 Uyghurs, were selected by cluster random sampling. PTH and 25-OH vitamin D[25(OH)D] levels were detected by chemiluminescence. Blood Ca, P, Mg, albumin, and creatinine(Cr)were also measured. Based on serum 25(OH)D level, the residents were divided into vitamin D deficiency(<20 ng/ml), vitamin D insufficiency(≥20 and <30 ng /ml), and vitamin D sufficiency(≥30 ng/ml)groups. According to the PTH level, the residents were divided into PTH < 65 pg/ml group and PTH≥65 pg/ml group. The metabolic parameters including Ca and P were compared among different ethnic groups.

Results
In the surveyed population, the rate of increased blood PTH was 12.22%, being higher in females than that in males(13.82% vs 8.45%, P=0.004)and higher in Han Chinese than that in Uyghurs(19.87% vs 6.52%, P<0.01). The proportions of residents with vitamin D sufficiency, insufficiency and deficiency were 3.34%, 9.06%, and 87.60% in Uyghurs, and 10.43%, 29.98%, and 59.60% in Han, respectively. The rate of 25(OH)D deficiency was significantly higher in Uyghurs than that in Han(P<0.01), especially higher in female Uyghurs(91.43%). In vitamin D deficiency group, the rate of increased serum PTH was significantly increased, higher in Uyghurs than that in Hans(22.14% vs 6.56%, P<0.01), which revealed a negative correlation with 25(OH)D(r=-0.251, P< 0.01).

Conclusion
25(OH)D deficiency is prevalent among the community population in Urumqi, with ethnic differences in serum PTH level and the rate of increased blood PTH, which might be associated with vitamin D deficiency. (Chin J Endocrinol Metab, 2018, 34: 295-299)

Key words:
Parathyroid hormone; 25-Hydroxyvitamin D; Uyghurs; Han


The future development of aquaculture depends on adoption of new and innovative production technologies,management and utilisation of less utilised water resources and proper market tie-ups. In spite of having many estuaries, backwaters, mudflats etc., in Karnataka,brackish water fish culture has not been practised till 2009.Marine fish production was mainly through fishing and during the lean months these fishers generally did not have any other income generating occupation. Keeping these facts in mind the team of Scientists at Mangalore Research Centre of CMFRI designed rectangular cages suitable for mariculture of commercially important finfishes such as red snappers and sea bass in the estuarine areas of Karnataka.


In China mainland social work education is faced with challenges of indigenization and transformation of teaching methods. By illustration of Problem Solving Model and Problem-Base Learning, analyzing elements and processes of the both, we found the integration of the both had the characters of compatibility and dual-construction, which could supplied a feasible approach for reaction to challenges. For the valid reaction to challenges, it will need to adopt education strategies of integration between practice and teaching, strengthen the dual-construction of subjects, advance the compatibility of methods, promote the mechanism building, achieve social work education to develop.


understandable, inoffensive, and interesting to people in the field involves both politics and artfulness. Researchers, the researched, and potential collaborators together constitute the politics of fieldwork, at the centre of which are ongoing processes to establish expectations of possible benefits or conflicts of interests. The multidimensional politics on the ground remind us to consciously and continually seek appropriate translation and presentation of our research and position while conducting fieldwork in China. Wenjing JIANG Researching China Through Translation and Presentation Qingyuan Guangdong farmers at work. PC: @peteropaliu (Flickr.com).


Environmental economists using contingent valuation (CV) surveys are often interested in estimating the population willingness to pay (WTP) for some intervention from a sample of individuals randomly drawn from some population of interest. These surveys collect information on bids or WTP amounts and various demographic and socioeconomic characteristics about the respondents that is used to estimate descriptive statistics (such as mean or median WTP) or regression equations (such as bid or WTP functions). Statistical errors can occur when either the framework from which the sample was drawn is ignored or when the sampled elements are used to incorrectly infer relationships for a target. These errors will often cause biased WTP estimates, although the magnitude and direction of the bias are often difficult to identify. In this paper, standard methods for testing and addressing these potential sources of error are presented and alternative, and often less restrictive, methods are presented and applied to a contingent valuation study of environmentally friendly changes in the Glen Canyon Dam's operations (Welsh, et al, 1995). Great strides have been made to reduce the potential biases in CV surveys. For the better part of the last 20 years, research in environmental economics has focused on reducing potential sources of biases such as embedding, information and scope effects. But research on who and what the respondents and nonrespondents represent has often taken a back seat and in practice is either assumed away or simply overlooked (e.g., nonrespondents are assumed to either (i) behave like respondents or (ii) behave in a particular way). Two types of statistical errors associated with this final stage include sampling error and response error (a combination of nonresponse and selection errors). Sampling errors can arise when the sample drawn does not directly reflect the population of interest, most commonly occurring when incorrect sampling and survey methods are used, most notably ignoring sample weights when complex samples are drawn. Sample weights effectively represent the number of individuals in the population that each sampled individual represents. Moreover, sample weights can be used to test for non-ignorable sampling designs that might cause selection errors and can be used to protect against model misspecification. The role of sample weights in the statistical analysis of survey data, however, is subject to considerable debate among theoretical statisticians despite its widespread use by applied statisticians. Response errors occur when sampled elements are used to infer relationships for a population where the sampled elements do not represent the target population. Regardless of the sampling structure, systematic differences between respondents and nonrespondents will usually invalidate population inferences based solely on survey data from respondents. Research in marketing and psychology has determined that nonrespondents will often differ from respondents on demographic characteristics, socioeconomic status, and attitudes and beliefs, especially those related to the survey in question. Additionally, selection error occurs as a result of respondents (and nonrespondents) censoring their bids. Selection errors are likely to occur for two reasons: (i) removing "protest" and other missing bids as if they were outliers, and (ii) nonrespondents censoring themselves. To adjust for these problems, most statistical approaches are forced to assume some sort of model relating the likelihood of response to willingness to pay. After applying the alternative methods to the data from the Glen Canyon Dam Study, this paper will show that the results from these methods differ enough to indicate that whether or not an intervention is deemed worthwhile could depend on the error correction method used. Since the more advanced and less restrictive methods generally provide more accurate results, environmental economists should be well versed in these methods or work closely with survey statisticians to obtain the most accurate estimates of population WTP.


Some basic principles for post-disturbance simulation method are presented;then taking the disturbance incidents happened in China in the year 2008 for example,the methods to evaluate and screen the disturbance incidents used for the validation and check of load model are put forward,and it is pointed out that the modification of load model parameters should be based on the physical characteristics of actual load;the effectiveness of synthesis load model(SLM) is validated by the fitting of some disturbance incidents.


The oxides SmBa0.8Sr0.2Co2O5+δ (SBSC) have been explored as cathode materials for IT-SOFCs using SDC as the electrolyte. XRD was used to determine the structure of SBSC powder, and SEM was used to observe the morphology of the microstructure. Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA) is used to measure the change in amount and rate in weight of SBSC cathode powder as a function of temperature in a controlled atmosphere. Symmetrical cells were tested using a potentiostat Voltalab PGZ 301. The weight loss of SBSC oxide during the heating temperature range between room temperature and 800 oC was 0.003%. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), low field (LF), and high field (HF) approaches are used to obtain activation energy (Ea) values of 99.77 kJ mol-1, 70.26 kJ mol-1, and 73.10 kJ mol-1. The Ea of polarization resistance (Rp) for the SBSC cathode reaches 104.59 kJ mol-1. The well-connected cathode-electrolyte contact determines the low resistance, and the SBSC cathode particle size is consistently dispersed in the interval of 1-1.5 µm.


This thesis submitted to the department of Applied Physics, Electronics and Communication Engineering, university of Dhaka, in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy.


This paper explores a hidden communication channel using a game save file that is created by the game Prison Architect. The file gets modified by a proof of concept tool developed to encode/decode messages within the file. The characteristics (such as throughput, detection, mechanism, robustness, etc.) of this channel are outlined. A discussion of whether to call this channel a covert channel or a type of steganography follows by outlining some definitions in other publications and proposing a different definition. Keywords—Covert Communication; Prison Architect; Covert Channels; Games


Objective. Several studies have demonstrated that synthetic somatostatin‐analog octreotide could affect the functions of the hypothalamus, anterior pituitary gland and ovary. To date, very few studies on the effect of octreotide on uterine function have been reported. We investigated the effects of octreotide on neutrophil functions in rat uterus.


Ultra wide-band (UWB) radio uses base-band pulses of very short duration, thereby spreading the energy of radio signal very thinly over gigahertz. Power spectral density (PSD) of UWB signals consists of continuous component and discrete component. Generally speaking, the discrete component contributes more to the PSD than the continuous component, thus presents greater interference to narrow-band wireless systems. In 2002, the FCC approved commercial deployment of UWB systems. In order to ensure negligible interference to other narrow-band wireless systems, the FCC has specified emission limits for UWB applications. UWB is now under consideration as an alternative physical layer technology for wireless PAN in IEEE 802.15.3a. However, little study has been reported on how to contain the PSD of UWB signals in IEEE 802.15.3a. This paper presents base-band data whitening schemes to reduce the PSD of UWB signals in IEEE 802.15.3a.


1973,2 with an effective date of July 1 of that year. Had events run the rulemaking course established as early as the Permanent Process Act of 1792,3 the Rules of Evidence would have been governing federal trials by mid-1973. This was not to be. Immediately after the transmittal, the Rules ran into congressional opposition. The first congressional proposal would have merely postponed the effective date.4 But final legislative action was quite drastic, requiring affirmative congressional approval of the Rules.5 In other words, rules of evidence, if any, would be statutory in lieu of the judicially formulated Rules that the Court had transmitted to Congress. Accordingly, the House drafted and eventually passed a bill significantly revising many rules or subdivisions, though it left "substantially unchanged"0 over half of the Court Rules and retained their basic concept, style and form.7 The Senate Judiciary Committee


We investigate degradation mechanisms in AlGaN/GaN HEMTs which were repeatedly driven into the current-controlled off-state breakdown or subject to 60 s voltage- or current-controlled off state stresses. The current-controlled sweep in to the breakdown allows the sustainability of breakdown that can not be observed in the voltage controlled sweep. Only temporal changes were observed in the HEMT dc performance after repetitive sweeps, which were explained by charging/discharging of the HEMT surface at the gate-to-drain access region and in the GaN buffer below the gate. Similar changes were observed also if high-voltage stress has been applied on the drain; however, permanent degradation appears after 60 s current-controlled breakdown stress. In this case, the drain leakage current, as well as the breakdown current, increases significantly. On the other hand, the breakdown voltage, as well as the gate characteristics, remains unaltered. We suggest that the avalanche-injection process is governing the off-state breakdown event with a dominant role of the potential barrier at the channel-buffer interface.


The understanding of concepts worked on FPGAs combined with the creation of games in hardware platforms has helped in the understanding and assimilation of the necessary techniques and approaches to build digital game systems. This work presents the development and validation of a Sprite-Based Architecture that aims to develop 2D games in reconfigurable environments based on FPGA devices. To this end, a set of functions and other resources implemented in C language were develop, that aims to help the creation of games through the developed architecture.


Background: The aim of the study was to assess the functional and radiological outcome of intertrochanteric fracture in elderly patients treated with dynamic hip screw or proximal femoral nail Materials and Methods: The study was conducted in Government Stanley hospital, from May 2014 to December 2015. A total of 98 cases of intertrochanteric fractures in age group of 55 to 65 years admitted were included in our study. Patients with pathological fracture was excluded. The 98 patients were divided into stable and unstable groups using Evans classification. DHS was done for 56 of them and PFN for another 42 of them and results were evaluated. The mean duration of surgery, mean blood loss and mean length of incision, intraoperative complications, time of weight bearing were evaluated. The Harris hip score was used to evaluate the hip joint function. Results: Most of the patients in our age group were between 55 to 65 years around 80%. The mean duration of surgery, mean blood loss and mean length of incision was more in DHS group then PFN group. We came across more intraoperative complications in PFN group then DHS group. Time of weight bearing was more in unstable fracture in DHS group. The Harris hip score was in favour of PFN at six weeks after surgery but it became same in both groups after 20 weeks of surgery Conclusion: PFN has advantage of smaller incision, less blood loss and less morbidity. The short lever arm and lower bending moment in PFN may add mechanical advantage to the construct which makes it the implant of choice in osteoporotic bones. Deformity and complications was less in PFN group in our study. Rate of fracture union was similar in both groups with early mobilization in PFN group, DHS found to be the implant of choice for stable fracture but for unstable fracture PFN is the better choice.


The game is simple and apparently paradoxical: Prove you know something— an ID number, an access code—without revealing even a single bit of the information itself. The importance is obvious: from credit card numbers to computer passwords, we are increasingly reliant on the secure electronic transmission of what are known as signatures. Yet how can one transmit a signature without potentially revealing to an eavesdropper—or an unethical vendor—all the information he needs in order to masquerade as the sender? Three Israeli computer scientists—Uriel Feige, Amos Fiat and Adi Shamir, of the Weizmann Institute—figured out how to play the game, called "zero knowledge proofs of identity". They publicized their result at conferences, and they applied for U.S. patent protection. Ironically the United States said disclosure was "detrimental to the national security," and imposed a secrecy order. The three Israelis sought relief, and, with intervention from powerful sources, they got it. Though no one will say for certain, it appears that the National Security Agency (NSA), the government decrypter of secrets, stepped in to help. What the research is, and why the NSA had reason to involve itself, is the story we present here. The technical part has its genesis in the work of Stephen Cook and Richard Karp of the early seventies. Our model of a computer is a RAM, a Random Access Machine. At issue is complexity: on a problem of input size "m", how many steps does it take as a function of m to solve the problem? Certain problems are "easy"; by the obvious method, two m x m matrices can be multiplied in O(m 3) steps (although there are considerably more sophisticated algorithms which require only O(m2-376) steps). Other problems are less obvious. The crucial distinction comes between those problems with polynomial time solutions (the class P), and those which require more than polynomial time. The latter are considered, infeasible. What Cook did was to show that the question "Is a boolean expression satisfiable?" occupies a special place in the hierarchy of problems. It is solvable in polynomial time by a nondeterministic RAM1 (it is in NP, Nondeterministic Polynomial time), and it is as hard as any other problem in NP (it is complete). If satisfiabilit y has a polynomial time solution, so will any other problem in NP. Karp then showed that a number of combinatorial problems shared that characteristic, called NP-completeness, including kcolorability (can the vertices of a given undirected graph be colored with k colors so that no two adjacent vertices have the same color?), knapsack (given » finite set of integers «,, is there a subset which sums to an integer Kl), This article is the seventeenth in the series of Special Articles published in the Notices. The author, Susan Landau, is an assistant professor of computer science at Weslyan University. She received her Ph. D from M.I.T.; her thesis gave a polynomial time method for determining solvability by radicals. Her research interests include computational complexity and algebra.


Objective: People with chronic vestibular dysfunction can be treated with balance rehabilitation. Virtual reality (VR) technology may serve as a useful therapeutic tool to facilitate rehabilitation. The aim of this pilot study was to investigate the clinical applicability of VR technology in treating patients with vestibular dysfunction. Method: Five patients with chronic vestibular dysfunction were recruited for this uncontrolled clinical study. The rehabilitation protocol (modified Cawthorne-Cooksey exercises, MCCE) was adapted into a VR-based training system. Patients followed the instructions of MCCE to complete 20 sessions of vestibular rehabilitation within a 4-week period. Results: A VR-based rehabilitation system was developed with various latest technologies, including Kinect Xbox for full-body interaction, 3D-ready projector with shutter-glasses for stereo imaging, Wii Fit pressure pad for tracing the center of gravity, and Unity game engine for leveled-difficulty design. Five VR tasks were built, and more than 100 training trials were designed. Subjectively, all patients experienced the improvement of balance function performing daily activities and were overall positive to the training protocol. After intervention the fast component of postural sway (P < .05) was reduced. The follow-up interview showed decreased disability and increased general health. Conclusion: VR has many advantages over traditional rehabilitation techniques in improving the testing or training environment of human performance. This study demonstrates that VR technology offers great promise in the field of vestibular rehabilitation.


This results in another decomposition of the electric field E which might be different from that of Helmholtz. Here, we explore the relation between these two decompositions. We also recall that the potentials V and A are not unique, but can be redefined in a systematic way such that the fields E and B are invariant under such redefinition. A particular choice of the potentials is called a choice of gauge, and the relations (3)-(4) are said to be gauge invariant. Returning to Helmholtz' decomposition, we note that he also showed how


History is a cyclical phenomenon; by reviewing the past, we can gain knowledge to improve the future. Since art therapy was first conducted in psychiatric hospitals, it is important to reflect on the history and commemorate where art therapy initiated. Art therapists have been facilitating group art therapy with adult psychiatric patients since the 1940s (Walker, 2012). Through reviewing the history of group art therapy that has been conducted with adult psychiatric patients, current art therapists can learn from art therapists' experience to inform current treatment. This thesis will examine the history of group art therapy with adult psychiatric patients from the 1960s to the present and explore the changes that have occurred in both the hospital setting and group art therapy structure. This thesis will also inspect the findings documented in articles about group art therapy with adult psychiatric patients as well as how the authors reported the findings.


Model and Methods Energy Hamiltonian.To extend a structure-based model to systems with multiple basins, we modified the contact map and the dihedral angles. Note that all the residue indexes are rearranged from 1 to 366 in the model. To include the side chain dynamics on the conformational change of enzyme, we developed a coarse-grained model in which each amino acid is represented by one or two beads dependent of its location. One bead (named CA in our model), representing the backbone, is located on the Cα atom, and one bead (name CB), representing the side chain, is located on the center of mass or the farthest heavy atom of the side chain, depending on its residue characterize (see details in section of Side-chain Interactions). Based on the fact that the interface between the NTD and CTD is lined by negatively charged residues, that are responsible for an array of hydrogen bonds with the sugar substrate in holo-close form of MBP, we introduced the electrostatic interactions into the two-bead model to study the effect of charged residues on the conformational change of MBP. The two-bead structure-based hamiltonian is given by the expression:


Small drinking water systems in the United States often suffer from repeated Safe Drinking Water Act water quality violations that necessitate upgrades to the existing centralized systems to achieve compliance. Community water systems (CWSs) need to evaluate the tradeoffs between public health, environmental and economic impacts when choosing these system improvements. This study developed the input and output components of a triple‐bottom‐line methodology to compare two alternatives: (1) installing a centralized treatment upgrade or (2) a point‐of‐use/point‐of‐entry device over a 30‐year period, using a health exposure assessment specific contaminants, life cycle analysis of environmental impacts improvement, and life cycle costing to account for the useful life of components and the number of households served by a CWS. We present recommendations and considerations for future usage of the triple‐bottom‐line approach methodology.


Introduction School educators' have a great influence on the adoption, sustainability, and development of school-based Social and Emotional Learning (SEL) programs. The purpose of this school-based research was to investigate educators' experiences and perspectives on implementing SEL in a high-needs rural elementary school setting. Methods Fifteen school educators (n = 15), including ten K-5 classroom teachers, one special education teacher, one social worker, and three school leaders, participated in this study. In addition, lessons were observed, and 17 sets of field notes were taken during 17 different days of visit (60–90 min) over the two semesters. A case study design drawing on qualitative research methods was utilized. Results The inductive analysis and constant comparison of the collected data generated six themes: prerequisite for academic success, essential skills for everyday life, lack of time, lack of preparation and development, home-school disconnection, and pushback from students. Discussion The study provided qualitative evidence to support the need for quality SEL implementation and revealed nested levels of constraints for school educators' implementing SEL from the "voices" of school educators. The study also calls for collaborative efforts and shared strategies to facilitate "legitimate" long-term partnerships between universities and schools, families, and communities, particularly in rural areas, in promoting a more holistic vision of the social and emotional development of our children.


Sudden deafness (SD) is a sudden and unexplained sensorineural hearing loss. Some patients are accompanied by discomfort symptoms such as vertigo and tinnitus. The blood supply of the inner ear mainly comes from the internal auditory artery separated from vertebrobasilar artery, anterior inferior cerebellar artery or posterior inferior cerebellar artery. The internal auditory artery is the terminal branch artery. The insufficiency of blood supply in the posterior circulation will lead to cochlear ischemia, resulting in dysfunction of hearing function and/or balance function. Therefore, the theory of inner ear blood supply dysfunction is paid attention as one of the pathogenesis of sudden deafness. Because auditory vestibular injury can occur before central symptoms or signs of posterior circulation ischemia, early diagnosis and appropriate treatment of auditory vestibular injury can provide a window period to prevent infarction from progressing to a larger area of posterior circulation. Clinicians should consider the possibility that acute auditory vestibular injury may predict impending posterior circulation infarction, especially when patients have basilar artery occlusive disease on brain magnetic resonance imaging.

Key words:
Hearing Loss, Sudden; Vertigo; insufficient blood supply in the posterior circulation; anterior inferior cerebellar artery; audiovestibular loss


In this paper we present and evaluate an implementation of a Brill morphosyntactic rule-based (Part of Speech) tagger adapted for specifics of inflectional languages like Polish. To achieve this, we use an optimized version of Brill's algorithm on morphologically analysed data. Then we perform the tagging in two phases, disambiguating part-of-speech, case and person at first, and other grammatical categories in the second phase. Performed experiments show the tagging error rate of 10.8%, which is still worse than 9.6% error rate of the stochastic trigram tagger or 6.56% achieved by other Polish rule-based tagger called TaKIPI, which were used for tagging the largest morphosyntactically disambiguated Polish corpus. With such a high error rate we believe that the Brill tagger is not feasible for standalone use, but may be useful in hybrid setups.


Forced displacement of populations is per se an accumulation of human rights violations and, as such, is "one of the most tragic phenomena of our time". It is also the most prominent quantitative and qualitative change in the nature of forced migration in general and the refugee problem in particular, at least since the creation of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) in 1950. Its victims, the internally displaced persons (IDPs), are those forced or obliged to flee or to leave their homes or places of habitual residence, in particular as a consequence or to avoid the effects of armed conflict, situations of generalized violence, human rights violations, large-scale development projects or natural or man-made disasters, and who have not crossed an internationally recognized state border. Although they are immensely more numerous and bear the same suffering as refugees, they are often condemned to the most hopeless helplessness, which is proportional to the exiguity or lack of a normative and political, humanitarian and institutional framework for an international response to this pressing problem.
By promising to "leave no one behind" in the new path of sustainable development, Agenda 2030, adopted in 2015, seemed to illuminate the plight of IDPs by expressly recognizing their rights, systematized in 1998 in the Guiding Principles on Internal Displacement, and crystallised, at the African Union regional level, in the Kampala Convention (2009). In line with Agenda 2030, the New York Declaration for Refugees and Migrants, adopted in 2016, highlighted, for the first time in the UN headquarters, the need for a global governance regime for human mobility which, to be such, must under no circumstances ignore the protection of the human rights of IDPs.
On the basis of the foregoing, through an effort of reflection and analysis sustained by a review of the literature, this paper aims to assess to what extent and degree the Global Compact on Refugees, envisioned in the above-mentioned New York Declaration and adopted by the United Nations General Assembly on 17 December 2018, advances the arbitration of sustainable solutions that the dramatic situation of millions of IDPs demands.


It is usually presumed that there must be a reasonable amount of contact between therapist and client before it is possible to speak in terms of a meaningful therapy. Yet there are people with severe contact disturbances who need help. In this article, based on the client-centered frame of reference, a method is described which makes it possible to relieve severe contact disturbances and make the client accessible to more regular kinds of therapy. The method, developed by Garry Prouty, is called pretherapy. In the introduction, Prouty's frame of reference and his working method are described. It is followed by an introduction to pretherapy methods. The latter refers to the philosophical and to the psychological starting point as well. Then a concrete description of the methods is given. The second part of the article deals with the application of pretherapy to mentally handicapped people.


This paper focuses on the analysis of velocity changing rules when fatigue driving on a driving simulator.Monotonous highway environment is designed as the simulating scene,15 drivers are invited to attend the simulating experiments and 14 sets of effective data are collected for analysis.Velocity,acceleration,vehicle location and time are recorded at 8 Hz on real time.Data from 3 different road alignments are chosen for analysis and the analysis result shows that the velocity is higher when fatigue driving and the driver tends to easily exceed speed limit but it shows no obvious rules for velocity variation,and the standard difference of velocity is lesser and the differences are significant at the 0.05 level.The main frequency component of acceleration is transferred from lower to higher and spectrum amplitude and energy reduces evidently.


The DIBR(depth image-based rendering) method gives the sense of depth to viewers by using one color image and corresponding depth image. At this time, the qualities of the generated left- and right-image depend on the baseline distance of the virtual cameras corresponding to the view of the generated left- and right-image. In this paper, we present a novel method for enhancing the sense of depth by adjusting baseline distance of virtual cameras. Geometric analysis shows that the sense of depth is better in accordance with the increasing disparity due to the reduction of the image distortion. However, the entailed image degradation is not considered. Experimental results show that there is maximum bound in the disparity increasement due to image degradation and the visual field. Since the image degradation is reduced for increasing that bound, we add a depth map preprocessing. Since the interactive service where the disparity and view position are controlled by viewers can also be provided, the proposed method can be applied to the mobile broadcasting system such as DMB as well as 3DTV system.


Nanolithography based on atomic force microscopy is a widely used techniques for the prototyping of nanostructures. This technique has attracted great attention due to its simplicity, versatility and precise control. Oxidation is performed at normal atmosphere where the meniscus connecting tip and surface plays a key role. The present study describes the electrical conductivity of this nanometer-size meniscus. By acquiring force vs distance curves, we determine the relationship between the tip-surface separation and electrical current. It is observed an increase of the electrical current at small finite separations (< 2 nm) due to a change in water meniscus properties, and a decrease of electrical current when the meniscus is elongated.


Patterning of GaAs at the sub-100 nm size has been demonstrated using in situ electron beam (EB) lithography processes. Patterning is carried out by EB exposure of an ultrathin oxide layer on GaAs which is used as a mask material. The patterns are transferred into GaAs by Cl2 gas etching. A high-brightness Schottky electron gun is used in the exposure process. The size of the etched feature is as small as 50 nm, which is equal to the diameter of the electron beam. The results show that in situ EB lithography processes using an ultrathin oxide mask are very promising for fabricating nanometer-scale structures.


One of the most important properties of high dimensional expanders is that high dimensional random walks converge rapidly. This property has proven to be extremely useful in variety of fields in the theory of computer science from agreement testing to sampling, coding theory and more. In this paper we improve upon the result of [KO18, AL20] regarding the convergence of random walks by presenting a structured version of their result. While previous works examined the expansion in the viewpoint of the worst possible eigenvalue, in this work we relate the expansion of a function to the entire spectrum of the random walk operator using the structure of the function. Note that in some cases this finer result can be much better than the worst case.In order to prove our structured version of the convergence of random walks, we present a general framework that allows us to relate the convergence of random walks to the trickling down theorem for the first time. Concretely, we show that both the state of the art results for convergence of random walks and the tricking down theorem can be derived using the same argument that we present here. This new, unified, way of looking at the convergence of high dimensioanl random walks and the trickling down theorem gives us a new understanding of pseudorandom functions that allows us to consider pseudorandom functions in one-sided local spectral expanders for the first time.


Zinc oxide (ZnO) is a II-VI compound semiconductor having wide band gap of 3.37 eV.It has large exciton binding energy of 60 meV at room temperature. It shows piezoelectricity. It is nontoxic material which is cheaply available. Variety of nanostructures of ZnO can be grown. Due to these properties ZnO is a material of huge technological importance. It has applications in optoelectronic devices such as Solar cell [1], Optical wave guide [2], Light emitting diodes (LED) [3] and transparent thin film transistor [4].It has been applied in surface acoustic wave (SAW) devices [5]. Nanostructures of ZnO has been used as nanogenerators [6] for harvesting energy in nanoscale.All these interesting properties and applications of ZnO have attracted us for its study in thin film form as well as its nanostructures.


The formation of the child and the competitive sport has occupied a considerable space in academic studies. Not infrequently gives emphasis to the issue, considered controversial and complex. The present study was characterized as qualitative interpretative and had his sample of 20 parents of students practicing taekwondo in the city of Bage, RS. For data collection we used a semistructured interview. The results were analyzed using content analysis, where the contents are divided into two subgroups for analysis, which were: positives and negatives points related to the competition. The results showed that the positives points that were identified by parents are responsibility, loss of fear, discipline, self defense and confidence. Among the negatives point are anxiety, frustration with injuries and loss, wich was according with the literature. In this sense, the research agenda concerns, however, that when worked consistently, the competition may bring numerous benefits, both as regards the formation of the child about their experiences for future life.


Abstract Mar Gómez Glez's play Cifras (2012) stages the real-life events that transpired in July 2006, when the Spanish fishing boat Francisco y Catalina was forced into a weeklong maritime standstill off the coast of Malta after bringing onboard fifty-one migrants stranded in the Mediterranean Sea. Through this interpretive frame, Gómez Glez's play both contributes to a thematic trend in the landscape of contemporary Spanish theater that places the dynamics of migration center stage while at the same time presenting a significant departure from such preexisting dramatic production. Subverting audience expectations, the fifty-one migrants are never endowed with physical presence on stage and are instead constructed through an array of linguistic and dramatic techniques. Although, we never see the migrants, Gómez Glez's use of linguistic references, grammatical indicators, and staging signs nevertheless renders their presence as impossible to ignore. This article advances a reading of Cifras wherein the physical invisibility of the migrant characters is viewed as a conscious ethical technique by the playwright that calls attention to mediatized visual representations and current political discourses on migration. Read in this light, the work becomes poignantly relevant in the recent global context of punitive politics discouraging humanitarian rescues in the Mediterranean, the rise of a social discourse on migrant psychology and social welfare, and the continued environmental impacts generated by global warming.


This article introduced an experimental course——"electronic design,produce and debug".It is an opening and design model.The practice proves that to establish integrated experimental courses can combine the abstract theory teaching with the lively and vivid practice teaching,and help raise students' experimental skills comprehensively,and it can cultivate their overall quality.


In accordance with the present invention there is provided methods for generating an isotropic or near-isotropic three-dimensional images from two-dimensional images. In accordance with the present invention the method includes, obtaining a first image of a body part in a first plane, wherein the first image generates a first image data volume; obtaining a second image of the body part in a second plane, wherein the second image generates a second image data volume; and combining the first and second image data volumes to form a resultant image data volume, wherein the resultant image data volume is isotropic or near-isotropic.


Abstract : This work on adaptive control considers the problem of determining the time that is necessary to estimate the impulse response of a linear system with a specified variance. The results show that, when the external disturbance is Gaussian and white, and the output signal energy is large compared to the power spectral density of the noise, the identification time is proportional to the power spectral density of the noise, and inversely proportional to the variance of the estimate and the mean square value of the input test signal. It is also concluded that, when the noise is white and the test signal is optimized, no measurement technique will yield a smaller identification time than that of the ideal identifier. (Author)


Present work covers an study, realised by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), of the blade of the sword Tizona. In addition, radiographic techniques and Isotopic Analysis by ICP Mass Spectroscopy has been used. Obtained information reveals the manufacture process, together with geographic origin of the steel. On the other side, a kinetic model is suggested for the estimation of the age of the blade, based in the microstructural changes, occurred for long periods of time, in steels and other materials.


Mining and storage of data from software repositories is typically done on a per-project basis, where each project uses a unique combination of data schema, extraction tools, and (intermediate) storage infrastructure. We introduce GraphRepo, a tool that enables a unified approach to extract data from Git repositories, store it, and share it across repository mining projects. GraphRepo usesNeo4j, an ACID-compliant graph database management system, and allows modular plug-in of components for repository extraction (drillers), analysis (miners), and export (mappers). The graph enables a natural way to query the data by removing the need for data normalisation. GraphRepo is built in Python and offers multiple ways to interface with the rich Python ecosystem and with big data solutions. The schema of the graph database is generic and extensible. Using GraphRepo for software repository mining offers several advantages versus creating project-specific infrastructure: (i) high performance for short-iteration exploration and scalability to large data sets (ii) easy distribution of extracted data(e.g., for replication) or sharing of extracted data among projects, and (iii) extensibility and interoperability. A set of benchmarks on four open source projects demonstrate that GraphRepo allows very fast querying of repository data, once extracted and indexed. More information can be found in the project's documentation (available at this https URL) and in the project's repository (available at this https URL). A video demonstration isalso available online (this https URL)


The invention discloses a process for producing artificial marble ceramic tiles. The process comprises the following steps of: (1) preparing the following components in percentage by weight: 1.5 to 2 percent of ground glaze, 0.15 to 0.9 percent of fancy glaze, 1.6 to 2.1 percent of transparent cover glaze and 95 to 96.7 percent of blank; (2) drying the blank after being molded by a pressing machine; (3) applying the ground glaze to the dried blank; (4) printing the fancy glaze; (5) applying the transparent cover glaze; (6) putting the blank into a kiln for firing; (7) polishing for the first time; (8) polishing for the second time; and (9) edging to obtain products. The artificial marble ceramic tiles produced by the process of the invention have fine grains which are approximately similar to that of natural marbles, and have stereovision and transparency of the natural marbles at the same time; patterns and colors are positioned among glazes so as to ensure that the patterns and the colors are not directly worn when the ceramic tiles are used; the service life of the ceramic tiles are prolonged; and the completeness and naturalness of the patterns and the colors of the tiles are kept for a long time.


Citation sentence is able to inform readers about relation between scientific articles that cite and are cited by finding its purpose against the research. Besides giving credit to other researchers and recommendation to read other related articles, citation can help readers to know what knowledge they have obtained based on the cited scientific articles they have read. In this research, we try to define citation categories for filtering scientific references which will be initial step in guided summarization of scientific articles. Our goal is to classify citation sentence first into 'problem', 'other', 'useModel', 'useTool' and 'useData'. This category will make it easier to classify scientific articles into more specific topics. Then we use features namely voice, tenses, citation location, meta-discourse and bag of words. Then, we employ SVM Linear for building classification model and sampling technique, namely SMOTE for imbalance dataset. The best result of f-measure for our citation classification is achieved at 61.2% when combining voice& tense, meta-discourse, bag of words and sampling the feature data of UseData category with SMOTE.


We examined the population genetic structure of three families including parents,backcross,and inbreeding families of Japanese flounder using 10 microsatellite markers.The results showed that among the 10 loci,the allele number(NA) was 1.7~3.0,the average allele number was 2.3,the effective allele number(Ne) was 1.553 2~2.887 8,the average effective allele number was 2.0541,the observed heterozygosity(Ho) was 0.307 0~0.664 8,the average observed heterozygosity(Ho) was 0.487 0,the expected heterozygosity(He) was 0.200 0~0.606 8,the average expected heterozygosity(He) was 0.606 8,the average polymorphism information content(PIC) was 0.233 4~0.579 4,and the average polymorphism information content(PIC) was 0.399 5.The polymorphism information content of the three families were at the medium level.The value of PIC from the largest to the smallest was: parents family,backcross family,and inbreeding family.The Poli194TUF was single in the inbreeding family.The genetic deviation index was 0.067 1,which indicated that 6.71% deviation was from families and the genetic deviation was not high inter-families.The genetic distance obtained from the clustering analysis of the three families by UPGMA indicated that the parents family and the inbreeding family was closer.The allele purification was faster in inbreeding family,and thus it was suitable for strains establishment.


A new method, the edge element method, has been developed to numerically evaluate a variety of ultrasonic transducer beam models. The edge element technique divides the transducer surface into a web of sources consisting of radiating straight line elements whose individual contributions can be evaluated analytically. When all of these edge elements are summed, the wave field of the transducer can be obtained at any field point in the surrounding medium for a given ultrasonic frequency. To demonstrate the versatility of this approach, it is shown that edge elements can accurately model the wave fields radiated into a fluid by focused and unfocused transducers of circular and noncircular apertures.


Asparagus (Asparagus officinalis L.) as a vegetable is not so well-known to the Hungarian household, in spite of the fact that it has excellent dietary and curative effects. However, it is a well known and popular vegetable in Western- and Southern- Europe. Asparagus consumption in Hungary registers at less than 0.1 kg/person/year, while it is more than 2 kg/person/year in Switzerland, Germany and Austria. The whistles of the asparagus can be consumed in green and etiolated (blanched) forms. It contains large amount of phenolic compounds, antioxidants, saponins, minerals (manganese, magnesium, selenium, etc) as well
as several vitamins (B1, B6, B9, C, E, etc) and more important substances. Asparagus cultivation occurs on 1.077 hectares in Hungary. Sandy soil is the best for its cultivation, in which the whistles may grow untrammelled. We conducted asparagus growing research at the Research Institute of Nyiregyhaza, Centre for Agricultural Sciences, University of Debrecen. We applied different nutrient supplies to a 1.500 m2 plantation of asparagus whose whistles were harvested in the spring of 2013. We examined the Grolim asparagus hybrid. We applied fertilizer, manure and sheep compost manure treatments. We examined the crop, number of shoots, plant height and fold thickness. The fertilizer and compost had the greatest impact on the growth of asparagus. The manure and control had lower results on the asparagus produced.


Translated from Italian by Daniele Faugeras and Pascale Janot
Paolo Universo (Pola, Croatie 1934-Trieste 2002). This discursive and talented
poet, after a brilliant beginning which led him to move in the Milanese
literary circles (Buzzati, Calvino, Pasolini, Ungaretti, Sereni...) and to
appear in Mondadori's prestigious Almanacco dello Specchio next to Paz,
Pound, Stefan, Kavafis, etc., gave up publication in the name of « honest
poetry » (U. Saba). What follows is a solitary literary existence, aberrant
and tormented, and the price of seeing his humanity denied and his social
condition precarious. He proceeds thus to turn to those who, like himself,
are rejected by modernity – the dropouts, the « insane » – and becomes a
most disturbing character.
The 1970s, marked in Trieste by the closing down of psychiatric hospitals
under the impetus of Franco Basaglia, will become the source of satirical
writings, among others the present Ballata del vecchio manicomio, a musical
play (for which he also wrote the music) opposed to the power of psychiatry,
which, in posthumous tribute, was performed by former asylum
inmates, in May 2002, at the Teatro Miela in Trieste.


Detecting interior integrity of dock concrete components with dynamic analytical apparatus on pile foundation; In general, for reinforcement of piles foundation, one damaged pile should be compensated by two piles on both sides to keep integrity.


This dataset contains .txt files containing the data published in figures and tables of the manuscript entitled: "Secondary organic aerosol from chlorine-initiated oxidation of isoprene"


Livestock contribute towards household food security in rural communities through income generation and provision of animal-source food. However, livestock system are fragile for example, in Zimbabwe, communities face challenges such as fewer buyers, poor infrastructure, and information asymmetry when selling livestock. Emerging digital platforms promise opportunities to address these challenge but only anecdotal evidence exist. This paper uses data from Beitbridge to explore the potential of digital platforms to revitalise the livestock auction system. Study findings show that digital platforms are designed with affordances which can help overcome challenges within the livestock system. However, these digital platforms are also fraught with hidden complexities such as power dynamics. Thus, despite digital platforms' affordances, their design inherently extends beyond technical functions. Therefore, there is an urgent need for discussions exploring the contrast between affordances and complexities to enable target users to make informed decisions on the adoption and use of digital platforms.


: The pyridone fragment in the ligand [2, 2'-bipyridin]-6(1 H )-one (bipy-6-OH) enables the oxidative Heck reaction of simple arenes with oxygen as the sole oxidant and no redox mediator. Arenes with either electron-donating or electron-withdrawing groups can be functionalized in this way. Experimental data on the reaction with toluene as the model arene shows that the C (cid:0) H activation step is turnover limiting and that the ligand structure is crucial to facilitate the reaction, which supports the involvement of the pyridone fragment in the C (cid:0) H activation step. In the case of fluoroarenes, the alkenylation of mono and 1,2-difluoro benzenes requires the presence of bipy-6-OH. In contrast, this ligand is detrimental for the alkenylation of 1,3-difluoro, tri, tetra and pentafluoro benzenes which can be carried out using just [Pd(OAc) 2 ]. This correlates with the acidity of the fluoroarenes, the most acidic undergoing easier C (cid:0) H activation so other steps of the reaction such as the coordination-insertion of the olefin become kinetically important for polyfluorinated arenes. The use of just a catalytic amount of sodium molybdate as a base proved to be optimal in all these reactions


Objective This study's objective was to assess the patient safety culture in a large, integrated health delivery system's pharmacy department to allow for benchmarking with other health systems. Methods This was a cross-sectional survey conducted in a pharmacy department consisting of staff members who provide dispensing, clinical, and support services within an integrated health delivery system. The U.S. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality's 11-composite, validated Pharmacy Survey on Patient Safety Culture questionnaire was transcribed into an online format. All departmental staff members were invited to participate in this anonymous survey. Cronbach &agr; and overall results and contrasts between dispensing and clinical services staff and dispensing pharmacists and technicians/clerks as percentage positive scores (PPSs) are presented. Differences in contrasts were assessed with &khgr;2 tests of association. Results Completed questionnaires were received from 598 (69.9%) of 855 employees. Cronbach &agr; ranged from 0.55 to 0.90. Overall, the highest and lowest composite PPSs were for patient counseling (94.5%) and staffing and work pressure (44.7%), respectively. Compared with dispensing service, the clinical service participants had statistically higher PPSs for all composites except patient counseling, communication about mistakes, and staffing and work pressure (all P > 0.05). The technicians/clerks had a statistically higher PPS compared with the pharmacists for communication about mistakes (P = 0.007). All other composites were equivalent between groups. Conclusions Patient counseling consistently had the highest PPS among composites measured, but opportunities existed for improvement in all aspects measured. Future research should identify and assess interventions targeted to improving the patient safety culture in pharmacy.


The growth of agriculture over natural environments has led to the exposition of several plant species to pesticides without the due knowledge of their effects on the physiology of these organisms. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of different levels of thiamethoxam on the levels of total phenols and on the chromatographic profile of Hedychium coronarium leaves and rhizomes. The plants of H. coronarium were exposed to two concentrations of thiamethoxam in a controlled environment with the application of spraying. The pesticide was detected in leaves during the first 26 days of experiment, but not in rhizomes. The levels of thiamethoxam showed an important reduction in the leaves during the experiment. The levels of total phenols were affected by the presence of thiamethoxam. The similarity in the frequency peaks in the chromatographic profile of the leaves and rhizomes showed the influence of the insecticide, in which this influence in rhizomes was more evident in the concentration of 190 mg L-1.


The present invention belongs to the technical field of blood glucose lowering effect drugs, and provides a piperidine-containing benzimidazole derivative having a structure represented by a formula I, and a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein R , R and R are defined in the instruction. The present invention further relates to a preparation method of the compound, and simultaneously discloses a drug composition adopting the compound or the pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof as the active effective ingredient, and applications of the compound or the pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof in blood glucose lowering drugs. The formula I is defined in the instruction.


Silvicultural practices that increase wood production in forest plantations are required to achieve society's demand for renewable energy sources. Mixed-species plantations of Eucalyptus and Acacia mangium, a N-fixing species, have been studied as a pathway of ecological intensification, enhancing nitrogen availability and carbon accumulation within the system. Our objective was to compare the potential of bioenergy production in pure and mixed-species plantations. We used calorific values from the literature along with data of wood production measured at five sites in Brazil and Congo with various levels of productivity to calculate the energy produced at the end of stand rotation (on average 6.2 years after planting). We compared pure Eucalyptus stands (100E) to mixed-species stands with the same density of Eucalyptus trees with 25% Acacia trees (100E:25A). At all sites, the mixtures generated energy gains ranging from 0.2 to 36.3% compared to Eucalyptus monocultures. These gains were highly correlated (R2>0.99) with total stemwood production, due to comparable calorific values for both species. This study opens the possibility for using mixed-species plantations of Eucalyptus with N-fixing tree species as a renewable source of bioenergy for both domestic and commercial uses.


Objective:To explore the clinical outcome of lumbar spondylolisthesis treated with carbon fiber cage,interbody compressing bone grafting and pedicle screw fixation system.Method:34 cases of lumbar spondylolisthesis were treated with carbon fiber cage,interbody compressing bone grafting and pedicle screw reduction fixation.Reduction indexes including Taillard,Boxall,intervertebral height,lumbar lordosis angle and fusion rate were measured following the operation in order to determine clinical outcome.Result:All cases were followed up from 8 to 14 months with an average of 10.6 months.Taillard index was 0.31 in preoperation,0.16 in postoperation,0.17 in the following up.Boxall index was 0.33 in preoperation,0.17 in postoperation,and 0.17 in the following up.Lumbar lordosis angle was 13.18° in preoperation,19.11° in postoperation,and 18.9 in the following up.Intervertebral height index was 0.26 in preoperation,0.58 in postoperation,and 0.57 in the following up.There were great changes in Taillard index,Boxall index,intervertebral height index and lumbar lordosis angle preoperatively compared with those postoperatively(P0.01).There were no changes of those indexes between postoperation and following up.All spondylolisthetic segments were fused according to Suk′s method.No complications such as nail or rod breakage or screw loosening and nerve injury were found.Low back pain following operation was great decreased according to Denis′ pain scale.Conclusinon:Basing on pedicle screw fixation,the technique of carbon fiber cage with interbody compressiong bone grafting can increased more area and more quantity of the bone grafting than the single cage,the treatment of lumbar spondylolisthesis with this technique has highly intervertebral fusion rate and satisfactory clinical result.


Purpose: To study the relationship between pterygium size (extension, width, total area) and corneal astigmatism in eyes with unilateral primary pterygium. Also to determine the critical size for surgery before the occurrence of a significant corneal astigmatism. Methods: This study was conducted on 77 eyes of 77 patients with unilateral primary pterygium. The extension and width were measured and the total area was calculated. Automated keratometry was used to determine corneal astigmatism. Results: Pterygium extension ranged from 0.25 to 6.50 mm (mean, 2.0 ± 1.2 mm), width ranged from 1.50 to 10.0 mm (mean, 4.19 ± 1.5 mm), and total area ranged from 0.3 to 24.3 mm2 (mean, 5.0 ± 4.8 mm2). The mean value of corneal astigmatism was significantly (P < 0.0001) higher in pterygium-affected eyes (1.2 ± 0.9 D) than control eyes (0.6 ± 0.5 D). With-the-rule was the main type of pterygium-induced astigmatism (49.4%), followed by against-the-rule (36.4%) and oblique (14.3%). Pterygium extension had the best correlation (Pearson correlation coefficient r = 0.462, P < 0.001), followed by total area (r = 0.447, P < 0.002) and width (r = 0.348, P < 0.002). A stronger correlation was noted between pterygium size and the difference in corneal astigmatism between pterygium-affected eyes and control eyes. Pterygium induced 2 D of corneal astigmatism when its extension exceeded 2.2 mm, width exceeded 5 mm, or total area exceeded 6.25 mm2. Conclusions: Pterygium extension and total area have a stronger correlation with corneal astigmatism than does width. Surgical intervention is indicated when pterygium extension exceeded 2.2 mm, width exceeded 5 mm, or total area exceeded 6.25 mm2.


The paper reports on a proposed conceptual framework for the design of an online learning system that uses the dynamic attributes of learning objects in the design approach of learning contents. Their role in generative learning in the design of a learning strategy that fosters and promotes critical thinking is also delineated. The proposed system is centred on knowledge construction via the design of learning objects (LOs) by the students and uploading them into the system called the Learning Object Repository (LOR). The system also focuses on the collaborative learning strategy that provides an environment to scaffold the learning process that facilitates students' reflection and involvement of critical thinking processes. The proposed conceptual framework provides the development of a system that is dynamic and conducive for collaborative interaction utilising the collaborative LO library, the content organiser, a reflection and forum/chat activity template as well as learning assessment tools. Abstrak


The present report covers an exercise where a defined development approach has been tested in a case study area with rural cross border setting in the Western Balkans. The aim is to draw lessons both for continuing implementation of the ABD in this particular area and more generally initiating it in areas with similar settings. The UNDP Area-Based Development (ABD) approach is targeting specific geographical areas characterised by a particular complex development problem (setting it apart from surrounding areas), through an integrated (multi-sector), inclusive (community versus particular groups or individuals), participatory (bottom-up) and flexible (responsive to changes) approach (Harfst, 2006). There are four main situations where the ABD approach has been employed: post-conflict, poverty, exclusion, and disaster; these categories are in practice closely connected. Such development approach, as well as similar ones, finds theoretical roots within the endogenous development theory where improvements of the socioeconomic situation can best be brought by recognising and valuing the collective resources of the territory.


A possible analysis of Alaska's climate in relation to its physiological
and psychological impact on man cannot be developed by utilizing existing,
traditional climatic systems ·which base their fin dings largely on annual
averages of temperatures and precipitation, leaving man (and the potential
tourist) standing on the sidelines. This brief study attempts to throw
light on Alaska's recreational potential as it might be related to climatology.
To accomplish this purpose, this paper utilizes a physio-climatic system
which was previously originated by the writer. This scheme in tegrates
the physiological and psychological reactions of the average person to maximum
and minimum temperatures, maximum and minimum relative humidities,
solar radiations, and wind chills. These considerations were applied
to daytime and nighttime for certain selected months. Thus, "real" conditions
rather than annual averages are stressed. An annual map of climates is
considered to be unsatisfactory and too much of a generalization, since climates
are viewed as dynamic phenomena which migrate over the surface
of this planet on a seasonal basis. This latter fact should be appreciated
especially in a region like Alaska where seasonal extremes can be considerable
and demand a high price in human psycho-physiological endurance.


We study the spherically symmetric collapse of a real, minimally coupled, massive scalar field in an asymptotically Einstein–de Sitter spacetime background. By means of an eikonal approximation for the field and metric functions, we obtain a simple analytical criterion—involving the physical size and mass scales (the field's inverse Compton wavelength and the spacetime gravitational mass) of the initial matter configuration—for generic (non-time-symmetric) initial data to collapse to a black hole. This analytical condition can then be used to place constraints on the initial primordial black hole spectrum, by considering spherical density perturbations that re-entered the horizon during an early matter-dominated phase that immediately followed inflation.


To develop Al-Si cast alloys with high performance is important for lightweighting vehicles. In this study, the effects of the alloying elements such as Si, Cu, Mg contents (5%-7% Si, 1%-3%Cu, 0.3%-0.9%Mg) on mechanical properties of a test Al-Si-Cu-Mg cast alloy was studied to achieve a specific composition. The experimental results show that the Al-6%Si-3%Cu-0.3%Mg alloy has better comprehensive mechanical properties after T6 heat treatment, which indicates a remarkable interaction of the alloying elements for improving performance.


We construct certain subgroups of hyperbolic triangle groups which we call \congruence" subgroups. These groups include the classical congruence subgroups of SL2(Z), Hecke triangle groups, and 19 families of arithmetic triangle groups associated to Shimura curves. We determine the eld of moduli of the curves associated to these groups and thereby realize the groups PSL2(Fq) and PGL2(Fq) regularly as Galois groups.


Bothriochloa catharinensis , a new species of Andropogoneae (Poaceae: Panicoideae, Andropogoneae) endemic to montane grasslands associated with araucaria forest in the state of Santa Catarina, Southern Brazil, is described and illustrated. Morphological similarities between the new taxon and other species of Bothriochloa are discussed. Comments on habitat, morphology, distribution and conservation status are provided.


Low frequency passive seismic experiments using array of 3-component broadband instruments have been conducted over two sites in Abu Dhabi, over a producing oilfield and around deep exploration dry well, to understand the characteristics and origins of mi


In our medical center, we have "The Assessment Clinic", providing multi-disciplinary evaluation for the developmentally delayed children. Orthoptists perform ophthalmic screening in this clinic , while other discipline; physicians, nurses, speech therapists, clinical psychologists, and occupational therapists, provide their own developmental evaluation. In this study we examined the results of the developmental evaluation and the results of detailed ophthalmic examination. The subjects were 54 patients, who visited the assessment clinic between April 2001 and July 2001. Twenty nine patients were diagnosed as Autism or other Pervasive Developmental Disorders with Mental Retardation; 12 (22.2%) patients as Mental Retardation; 8 (14.8%), patients, as Pervasive Developmental Disorders; 2 (3.7%) patients as Psychomotor Retardation and 3 (5.6%) patients as other disorders. Among all cases, 6 patients required a further ophthalmic examination (11.1%). •áthree patients with misalignment of the eyes (two with exotropia and one with esotropia); three patients with refractive error (one with hyperopia, two with myopia, and one with a myopic astigmatism); one patient with another disease.•â In this clinic, we could carry out a comprehensive multi-disciplinary evaluation for the cases whom it was difficult to evaluate regionally. We could make recommendations for further evaluation and treatment in order to facilitate the patient's development. We were able to screen out the six children with ophthalmic problems and refer them to Opththalmologists. Since ophthalmic functions contribute children's cognitive development, intervention in ophthalmic problem must be necessary for these children's development. The orthoptists participation in this multi-disciplinary clinic for ophthalmic screening is effective and important.


IN A PROVISION OF OR BEARING SURFACE OF 13 DOS ELEMENT BEARING 11 ADDED OR MAY BE ADDED IS SUPPORT CONTACT INSIDE SURFACE OF 14 HOUSING BEARING 12 BACK IN THE SURFACE OF 13 The ELEMENT BEARING ETOU IN THE INNER SURFACE 14 BEARING HOUSING ARE PRACTICAL 12 DRAINAGE CHANNELS 16, WHICH EXTEND UNTIL EDGES AXIAL TERMINAL 15A and 15B ELEMENT OF BEARING 11 TO AVOID ACCUMULATION OF SCALE BETWEEN THE SURFACE DOS 13 ELEMENT OF BEARING AND INLAND AREA 11 14 BEARING HOUSING 12. THE DRAINS Do oCCUPY A SMALL PERCENTAGE THAN 15 OF THE SURFACE CONTACT AND HAVE ONLY A SMALL DEPTH IF PRACTICES IN THE BACK OF SURFACE ELEMENT BEARING.


In order to describe the evolution rules of vehicle queue in congested traffic flow, the equivalent queue length change rate models for single-lane and multi-lane links were educed by calculous method on the basis of equivalent queue length models from two-fluid theory. These models were validated by the simulated data from VISSIM. Analysis result indicates that the equivalent queue length change rate is approximately equal to traffic wave velocity when traffic flow is at congested state. The equivalent and actual queue length change rates approach in sampling interval. Error method and entropy method are used to prove that they more approach when sampling interval is longer. So these models can quantitatively describe the evolution speed of vehicle queue in congested traffic flow. 6 tabs, 11 refs.


Abundance indices based on nominal CPUE do not take into account confounding factors such as fishing strategy and environmental conditions, that can decouple any underlying abundance signal in the catch rate. As such, the assumption that CPUE is proportional to abundance is frequently violated. CPUE standardisation is one of the common analyses applied. The aims of this paper were to provide a statistical modelling framework for conducting CPUE standardisations using the Observer Program data for bigeye tuna, yellowfin tuna, albacore and southern bluefin tuna, and provide a comparison in the trends between the nominal CPUEs and their standardised indices obtained. The CPUE standardisations were conducted on the Observer Program collected between 2005 and 2007, by applying GLM analysis using the Tweedie distribution. The results suggested that year, area, HBF and bait factors significantly influenced the nominal CPUEs for the four tuna species of interest. Some extreme peaks and troughs in the nominal time series were smoothed in the standardised CPUE time series. The high degree of temporal variability that is still shown in the standardised CPUE trends suggests that the data are too sparse to give any meaningful indication of proxy abundance. Nevertheless, this may also suggest that variables used in the GLMs do not sufficiently account for all of the confounding factors, or abundance may indeed be truly variable.


. Background. Lower leg fracture is one of the most common injuries of the musculoskeletal system. Disability pe-riod during these injuries usually continues from 5 to 9 months, and results are unsatisfactory in the 22–45 % of cases. Impor-tant point of treating fractures of lower leg bones is osteosynthesis with biomechanically suitable devices. Objective: to optimize the means of small-contact multiplanar osteosynthesis for the treatment of lower leg fractures, to study the fixing capabilities of these fixators, to develop methods for their use. Materials and methods. We have improved the device for the fixation of bone fragments (patent of Ukraine No. 17502) in accordance with the anatomical features of the lower leg. Theoretical calculations us-ing the finite element method were performed to determine the micromobility of fragments stabilized by a full-contact bone plate and the device for fixing bone fragments. The magnitude of micromobility of tibial fragments in transverse, oblique, and comminuted fractures was studied. Fixation of the fragment was simulated by putting 3–4 screws. In comminuted fracture, the fragments were additionally stabilized by 1–2 reposition screws. To study the elastic deformation of a three-dimensional body, three-dimensional models were created that reflected the most significant features of the geometry of the tibia, the device for fixing bone fragments, and the full-contact bone plate. Results. The treatment of tibial fractures is strictly individual. It was developed taking into account the obtained results of studying the micromobility of fragments, stress of structural elements of fixators and bone. This affected the formation of the structure of the device for fixing bone fragments, postoperative management of patients. In transverse and oblique fractures, we mainly use a design of the device with a plate on 8 apertures. Postoperative immobilization was not performed in the majority of patients. The time and magnitude of the dosed load on the operated segment was determined individually. If patient weighed up to 80 kilograms, the dosed load is allowed 1.5 months after surgery, and full, respectively, after 2.5–3 months. The criterion for the beginning of full load is suf-ficient development of the bone callus. At present, more than 460 patients with a fracture of the lower leg have been operated with a positive result. Conclusions. The results of studies on the size of the micromobility of fragments, the stresses of the structures of the fixators and the tibia confirm the significant functionality of the proposed tools for small-contact multiplane osteosynthesis of fractures of the lower leg, allowed developing effective methods of their application. They provide a good clinical result in diaphy-seal fractures of the lower leg bones, improve the quality of life of patients, made it possible to avoid many complications typical of traditional osteosynthesis.


This research use the classroom action research (PTK) method, with 3 cycles and each cycle consists of 4 phases, including planning, execution, observation, and reflection. The technique of collecting data through qualitative analysis is observation for know the students activity and ways of teacher working, and quantitative analysis by test for know students result of learning. Result of research show that used strategy active learning type active knowledge sharing in a subject civics of class V A SDN 1 Labuhan Dalam have the impact of the increase activity and result of learning students. In this case we can see that percentage mean of the students activity at cycle I (51,56%), cycle II (62,5%) happen increase from cycle I to cycle II is 10,94% and cycle III (81,87) happen increase from cycle II to cycle III is 19,37% . While the average of result of learning students at cycle I (69,13), cycle II (71,88) happen increase from cycle I to cycle II is 2,75, and cycle III (86) happen increase from cycle II to cycle III is 14,12. Keywords : civics, strategy active knowledge sharing, students activity and learning result.