In recent years, US policy-makers have given increasing emphasis to geographicallydispersing recipients of housing subsidies, based on the assumption that residence in concentrated poverty neighbourhoods abets socially dysfunctional behaviours. The paper assesses this assumption, both theoretically and through a metaanalysis of extant empirical studies. It demonstrateshow only modest differences in the functional relationship between spatially concentrated poverty and resultant socially problematicbehaviourswill radically affect conclusions about the desirability of housing dispersalprogrammes.Dispersalwill only lead to a net reduction in problem behaviours in society as a whole if the relationship between neighbourhood poverty rate and individual propensity to engage in problem behaviours is characterised by a positive threshold or by an increasing marginal impact. Three types of empirical studies are reviewed in an attempt to ascertain the state of knowledge regarding the nature of this functional relat...


Thermally conductive compositions containing spherical boron nitride filler particles having an average aspect ration of less than 2.0 in a polymer matrix.


A readable watermarking algorithm against local geometric distortion was proposed.The algorithm took the feature points extracted with Harris operators as resynchronization of watermarking information,and defined several disjoint regions centered with each feature point.Furthermore,based on the masking properties of human visual system(HVS),a 1024-bit readable watermark was independently and adaptively embedded into the DWT domain of the local regions.Experimental results show that the proposed scheme is not only transparent,but also has strong robustness against common signal processing and geometric attacks.


This article defines the role of the analytical role in the profits of financial corporations. Proposal for the analysis of the conceptual mechanism and theoretical characteristics of the financial strategy: functions, tasks, substantiation, development stages. Special stage of analytical management of financial strategy. PJSC Gazprom reviews analysis of financial statistics and identification of the role of analysis of indicators of financial stability and solvency in its indicators.


This paper considers an Extended Generalized Half Lo- gistic distribution. We derive some properties of this distribution and then we discuss estimation of the distribution parameters by the methods of moments, maximum likelihood and the new method of minimum spacing distance estimator based on complete data. Also, maximum likelihood equations for estimating the parameters based on Type-I and Type-II censored data are given. In addition, the asymptotic variance and covariance of the estimators are given. We then evaluate the properties of maximum likelihood estimation (MLE) through the mean squared error, relative absolute bias and relative error. Furthermore, the asymptotic confidence intervals of the esti- mators are presented. Finally, simulation results are carried out to study the precision of the MLEs for the parameters involved.


The impact of horizontal propagation of mountain waves on the orographic gravity wave drag (OGWD) in the stratosphere and lower mesosphere of the Northern Hemisphere is evaluated for the first time. Using a fine‐resolution (1 arc min) terrain and 2.5°×2.5° European Centre for Medium‐Range Weather Forecasts ERA‐Interim reanalysis data during 2011–2016, two sets of OGWD are calculated offline according to a traditional parameterization scheme (without horizontal propagation) and a newly proposed scheme (with horizontal propagation). In both cases, the zonal mean OGWDs show similar spatial patterns and undergo a notable seasonal variation. In winter, the OGWD is mainly distributed in the upper stratosphere and lower mesosphere of middle to high latitudes, whereas the summertime OGWD is confined in the lower stratosphere. Comparison between the two sets of OGWD reveal that the horizontal propagation of mountain waves tends to decrease (increase) the OGWD in the lower stratosphere (middle to upper stratosphere and lower mesosphere). Consequently, including the horizontal propagation of mountain waves in the parameterization of OGWD can reduce the excessive OGWD in the lower stratosphere and strengthen the insufficient gravity wave forcing in the mesosphere, which are the known problems of traditional OGWD schemes. The impact of horizontal propagation is more prominent in winter than in summer, with the OGWD in western Tibetan Plateau, Rocky Mountains, and Greenland notably affected.


Both research and application development in the area of multi-agent currently undertakes rapid expansion but only if adequate security can be provided. Without a correct security mechanism, multi-agent system suffers from fundamental insecurities. By considering both the historical contribution of computer security and the needs of agent-based systems, we present requirements for multi-agent systems security which emphasize the identification and evolution of agents. Existing security models are evaluated against these requirements and generally found wanting. On the other hand, the state of agents have dynamic attribute and that its environment has fuzzy attribute. So, we introduced Dynamic Fuzzy Logic (DFL[14]) to describe agent and the changing of its state. Artificial Immune System (AIS) is a novel evolutionary paradigm inspired by the biological aspects of the immune system. There are widely agreed in characteristics of agents and AIS, such as dynamic, self-study, self-adaptability, self-organization, etc. So it is a natural thing that AI theory is introduced into multi-agent. In this paper, we present the multi-agent immune secure model based on DFL , then a application example is given to simulate the process of the model.


GaN ultraviolet photodetector with metal-semiconductor-metal structure is achieved by growing on a periodic trapezoid column-shape patterned sapphire substrate using metalorganic chemical vapor deposition. Under 5-V reverse bias, the photodetector fabricated on such patterned sapphire substrate exhibits a lower dark current, a higher photocurrent, and a 476 % enhancement in the maximum responsivity as compare with those of the photodetector fabricated on conventional flat sapphire substrate. It is also found that the much larger UV-to-visible rejection ratio and the fact that responsivity drops in a smaller cut-off region are observed from photodetector fabricated by using a periodic trapezoid column-shape patterned sapphire substrate. These phenomena may all be attributed to the reduction of threading dislocation density and the improved quality of GaN film, as well as the internal reflection and/or scattering effect on the interface between GaN film and the periodic trapezoid column-shape pattern of the substrate.


The piping design concepts and methods for centrifugal compressors and steam turbines are introduced. The plot plan and piping layout of centrifugal compressors are described.The piping design and stress calculation of steam turbines which are the difficult activities in piping design are analyzed in detail.


The Counter Insurgency (COIN) Experiment was performed in March 2007 using a distributed network. It focused on simulating urban operations in Central Asia in 2015. A major goal of the experiment was to demonstrate the use of a complex Models and Simulation federation to train and evaluate doctrine for a COIN Environment. Participating federates included OFOTB, FireSim, JSAF, CultureSim, EADSim, CMS2, UC, ACRT, ACRT-DR, JNEM, ISM, SA Server, MC2, Communications & Electronics Research Development & Engineering Center (CERDEC), CES, AOI Server, EFS, Reporter, DataLogger and SEAMS.This was an entity-level distributed simulation event that included sites at Ft Knox, Ft Sill, Ft Bliss, and Huntsville, using the Distributed Interactive Simulation (DIS) and HLA protocols.Approximate entity counts included 1000 US vehicles and soldiers, 1000 Local Police and Army, 1200 insurgents, and 20,000 civilians from various population groups. Several new and enhanced models contributed to the richness of the COIN environment. A Force model was developed that allowed each station to control its rules of engagement, which is crucial for a situation where the enemy depend on who and where you are. A model of uniformed entities versus plain clothes was added since insurgents do not generally show themselves as such.The JNEM/ISM provided real-time feedback on the mood of the various civilian population groups. A new model of Improvised Explosive Devices (IEDs) was developed that simulated several trigger types, decoys and countermeasures. Suppressive effects were added, including non-lethal rounds. The area-of-interest model was improved to allow good simulation performance in a dense urban environment. The terrain database had 10,000 fully modeled multi-elevation buildings along with 650,000 volume buildings. COIN marked a dramatic leap forward in our ability to simulate urban warfare. It showed that it is possible to use entity-level simulation to examine situations relevant to today's Army, such as stability operations, counter insurgencies, and the hybrid enemy.This experiment demonstrated many first uses of innovative models and techniques that are now standard, and established a benchmark of success in terms of its fidelity, performance, and complexity.


The richness of the state various natural resources can''t guarantee it the first place among developed economies of the world. The high level of development of the industry for any state is pledge of preservation of its independence and safe life of the population. The industry of the Russian economy is based on the enterprises functioning in extracting and the processing branches. Thus the greatest economic profit is made by the enterprises of the extracting industrial complex, in particular production of fuel and energy minerals. Among branches of manufacturing industry metallurgical production and production of metal products is the most developed. Metal working is the most perspective direction of development of the industry as includes secondary processing of metals and production of the new metal products providing including other industries. The analysis of a condition of problems of the enterprises of metallurgical branch of Russia and the Volga Federal District, allows to draw an essential conclusion that at the present stage further existence of branch is possible only on the basis of transformation to the complex, competitive, hi-tech and susceptible to innovations integrated into system of the international division of labor. For this purpose the enterprises of metal working need to increase the investment appeal due to increase of labor productivity of the personnel for the purpose of increase in profit of the enterprises. The increase in labor productivity has to be carried out by stimulation of the personnel to high-performance work.


A procedure and regime are described for the cure of third-degree haemorrhoids. This is based on the belief that haemorrhoids, and probably many other anal and perianal conditions, are caused by constrictions or bands around the lower rectum and anal canal, one of which was previously described by Miles and called a pecten band. The results of this form of treatment have been most encouraging and have virtually led to the abolition of haemorrhoidectomy. Theatre time and inpatient time are very much reduced. Morbidity


This paper introduces a predictive self-organizing neural network known as Adaptive Resonance Associative Map for classi cation of free-text documents. Whereas most statistical approaches to text categorization derive classi cation knowledge based on training examples alone, ARAM performs supervised learning and integrates user-de ned classication knowledge in the form of IF-THEN rules. Through our experiments on the Reuters-21578 database, we show that ARAM performs reasonably well in mining categorization knowledge from sparse and high dimensional document feature space. In addition, ARAM predictive accuracy and learning e ciency can be improved by incorporating rules derived from the Reuters category description. The impact of rule insertion is most signi cant for categories with a small number of positive training documents.


Herein, we report a multifunctional nanodrug (Au NRs@DSFDSs NPs) by coating a drug self-framework delivery system (DSFDS) on Au NRs with absorption at 1300 nm via simple condensation polymerization, with the purpose of developing an efficient theranostic nanoagent with multi-modal imaging ability, and synergistic chemo-photothermal therapy (CT-PTT) for the monitoring and suppression of tumor growth. Thus, this strategy provides a new idea for the design of a multifunctional platform for the accurate and effective image-guided treatment of tumors.


Tomographic migration-velocity analysis (TMVA) allows to reconstruct the macro-model of complex geological structures. The common angle imaging (CAI) framework provides an efficient way for TMVA. In this paper, we present a new approach to tomographic migration-velocity analysis in the form of residual-curvature analysis under the CAI framework. This new method extends the capability of residual migrationvelocity analysis (RMVA) based on the vertical update from the measured residual moveout on CAI gathers. Examples from the synthetic dataset and real dataset show a significant improvement of the velocity updating with this new method.


Tricuspid regurgitation is comparatively a common anomaly. Structural modifications of any or all of the tricuspid valve apparatus may cause the development of tricuspid regurgitation. Anatomy The right atrioventricular valve apparatus, or tricuspid valve, consists of the following components: 1. Three valve leaflets: It may have as few as two and as many as six leaflets.[1]. 2. Annulus. 3. Supporting chordae tendineae. 4. Papillary muscles: From 2 to 9.[2] Just before the onset of the right ventricular systole, the papillary muscle contracts to increase tension in the chordae tendineae so that the 3 valve cusps coapt and thereby prevent regurgitation across the tricuspid valve.[3]. The conduction system and the supporting structure of the fibroelastic cardiac skeleton coordinate the actions of the tricuspid valve. The tricuspid valve is located between the right atrium and the right ventricle. It has a valve area of 4 to 6 cm2.[4] The pathophysiological variants of the tricuspid valve include: 1. Ebstein anomaly. 2. Tricuspid atresia. 3. Congenital tricuspid stenosis. 4. Congenital cleft of the anterior leaflet.


Two new linear silver(I) nitrate coordination polymers with bitopic ligand 1,1,2,2-tetra(pyrazol-1-yl)ethane were synthesized. Synthesized compounds were characterized by IR spectroscopy, elemental analysis, powder X-ray diffraction and thermal analysis. Silver coordination polymers demonstrated a yellow emission near 500 nm upon excitation at 360 nm. Crystal structures of coordination polymers were determined and structural peculiarities are discussed. In both of the structures, silver ions are connected via bridging ligand molecules to form polymeric chains with a five-atomic environment. The coordination environment of the central atom corresponds to a distorted trigonal bipyramid with two N atoms of different ligands in apical positions. The Ag–N bond distances vary in a wide range of 2.31–2.62 A, giving strongly distorted metallacycles. Thermolysis of coordination polymers in reductive atmosphere (H2/He) leads to the formation of silver nanoparticles with a narrow size distribution.


Despite the importance of expectiles in fields such as econometrics, risk management, and extreme value theory, expectile regression unfortunately remains limited to single-output problems. To improve on this, we define hyperplane-valued multivariate expectiles that show strong advantages over their point-valued competitors. Our expectiles are directional in nature and provide centrality regions when all directions are considered. These regions define a new statistical depth, the \emph{halfspace expectile depth}, that is an~$L_2$ version of the celebrated ($L_1$) halfspace depth. We study thoroughly the proposed expectiles, the expectile depth, and the corresponding regions. When compared to their~$L_1$ counterparts, these concepts enjoy distinctive properties that will be of primary interest to practitioners. In particular, expectile depth is maximized at the mean vector, is smoother than the halfspace depth, and exhibits surprising monotonicity properties that are key for computational purposes. Finally, our multivariate expectiles allow defining multiple-output expectile regression methods, that, in risk-oriented applications in particular, are preferable to their analogs based on standard quantiles.


ii Disclaimer The cont ents of t his report reflect t he vi ews of t he authors, who are r esponsible for t he facts a nd t he a ccuracy of t he i nformation pr esented h erein. T his doc ument i s disseminated unde r t he sponsorship of t he D epartment of T ransportation, U niversity Transportation C enters Program, a nd C alifornia D epartment o f T ransportation i n t he interest of i nformation e xchange. T he U .S. G overnment a nd C alifornia Department of Transportation a ssume n o l iability f or t he c ontents or us e t hereof. The c ontents do not necessarily r eflect the official vi ews or pol icies of the S tate of C alifornia or the Department of Transportation. This report does not constitute a standard, specification, or regulation. Abstract Electrifying r ail at t he P orts of Los A ngeles and Long Beach has t he potential t o bot h replace t he c ongestion a nd pol lution of dr ayage trucks, a nd t he pol lution of r ail. T he electrification pr ocess w as a nalyzed i n l ight of c osts, ut ility, a nd s afety. T he l ength of rail considered for replacing drayage trucks is about 12 miles at the Ports of LA and LB to connect terminal clusters to the UP ICTF, and an additional 20 miles of a single line along t he A lameda corridor t o t he BNSF H obart yard; assuming th e S CIG is not bui lt. Cost of retrofitting conventional rail with at-ground third rail is from $1.42M to $1.5M per mile verses $.825M to $1.5M per mile for overhead caternary; excluding the costs of new or r etrofit loc omotives—from $2M t o $5M e ach, a nd a dditional e lectric pow er distribution requirements for more tractive power. Operational decisions by the class one rails regarding " switch out " to Diesel power for transcontinental runs will determine the number of ne w or m odified l ocomotives r equired; a nd t he l ength (weight) of s huttle trains w ill de termine the pow er di stribution c osts. Neither at-grade t hird r ail nor …


On the premise of analyzing the imperfections in the registered system of real estate of China, the paper gives some proposals for improving this system, including the establishment of: systems of request for register; system of heralding register; systems for general register; systems for change of name register; systems of real estate lease register; systems of rural land contract for the managerial right register.


Purpose:Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) is a chemokine that has various roles in tumor development and progression. We previously reported that expression of MCP-1 is associated with macrophage infiltration and tumor vessel density in human gastric carcinomas. The present study was undertaken to obtain direct evidence that MCP-1participates in recruitment of macrophages and induction of angiogenesis. Experimental Design:We did transfection experiments to analyze the role of MCP-1 in tumorigenicity and angiogenesis in gastric carcinoma in nude mice. The human MCP-1 gene cloned into the BCMGS-Neo expression vector was transfected into the human gastric carcinoma TMK-1 cell line. We examined tumor volumes with the ectopic s.c. xenograft model and tumorigenicity with the orthotopic gastric xenograft model. We determined intratumor microvessel counts and tumor-infiltrating macrophage counts by immunohistochemical staining. Results:There was no difference in in vitro proliferation between MCP-1-transfected TMK-1 cells and mock-transfected (control) cells; however, MCP-1 transfectants induced tumor growth in ectopic xenografts and increased tumorigenicity and induced lymph node metastases and ascites in orthotopic xenografts. In both ectopic and orthotopic xenograft models, strong infiltration of macrophages was observed within and around the tumors after implantation of MCP-1transfectants whereas fewer macrophages were seen after inoculation of control cells. The microvessel density was significantly higher in tumors produced by MCP-1 transfectants than in control tumors. Conclusions: MCP-1 produced by gastric carcinoma cells may regulate angiogenesis via macrophage recruitment. MCP-1may be a potential target for antiangiogenic therapy for gastric carcinoma. Solid tumors contain not only malignant cells but also many stromal cells. Interactions between tumor and stromal cells may produce a unique microenvironment that can profoundly influence the process of tumor progression (1, 2). Tumorassociated macrophages are one of the major components of stroma and have dual roles in neoplasms (3). Tumor-associated macrophages can produce a number of angiogenic factors, cytokines, and proteases, all of which influence neoplastic progression (4, 5). Most studies have indicated that infiltration of tumor-associated macrophages has a negative effect on patient survival and that there is a significant correlation between infiltration of tumor-associated macrophages and tumor vessel density in various tumor types including melanoma (6, 7), glioma (8), and breast (9–11), lung (12), prostate (13), and cervical carcinomas (14). It has also been reported that tumor-associated macrophages can be tumoricidal and can elicit destructive reactions following activation by interleukin (IL)-2, IL-12, and IFN-g (15, 16). Due to the large number of chemokines and growth factors produced by human tumors and the broad spectrum of biological functions, the precise roles of specific cytokines in tumor development and progression remain unclear. Macrophage infiltration into tumors is regulated by a number of cytokines and chemokines, in particular monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1 (17, 18). MCP-1 is a member of the CC chemokine family (19). It influences monocytes (20, 21), natural killer cells (22), basophils (23), and T lymphocytes (24), all of which express chemokine receptors (25), predominantly CC-chemokine receptor 2 (CCR2; ref. 26). Expression of MCP-1 has been reported in a wide range of tumor types including melanoma (27), glioma (28, 29), sarcoma (30), leukemia (31), hemangioma (32), and breast (33, 34), cervical Human Cancer Biology Authors'Affiliations: Department of Medicine and Molecular Science, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences and Health Service Center, Hiroshima University; Department of Endoscopy, Hiroshima University Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan; and Division of Molecular Bioregulation, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan Received 4/11/05; revised 7/16/05; accepted 8/4/05. Grant support: Japanese Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and Technology. The costs of publication of this article were defrayed in part by the payment of page charges.This article must therefore be hereby marked advertisement in accordance with18 U.S.C. Section1734 solely to indicate this fact. Requests for reprints:Yasuhiko Kitadai, Department of Medicine and Molecular Science, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8551, Japan. Phone: 81-82-257-5193; Fax: 81-82-257-5194; E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com. F2005 American Association for Cancer Research. doi:10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-05-0798 www.aacrjournals.org Clin Cancer Res 2005;11(21) November1, 2005 7629 Research. on April 14, 2017. © 2005 American Association for Cancer clincancerres.aacrjournals.org Downloaded from (14), ovarian (35), and esophageal carcinomas (36). The role of MCP-1 in tumor development and progression is also controversial. Expression of exogenous MCP-1 by murine colon adenocarcinoma cells increases the occurrence of lung metastases by augmenting neovascularization (37). In contrast, expression of MCP-1 by Chinese hamster ovary cells completely suppressed their ability to form tumors in nude mice (38). We previously reported that expression of MCP-1 by gastric carcinoma cells is associated significantly with macrophage infiltration and tumor vessel density in a clinical study (39). To obtain direct evidence that MCP-1 participates in recruitment of macrophages and induction of tumor angiogenesis, we stably transfected vector expressing MCP-1 into human gastric carcinoma cells and examined the effect of MCP-1 on the development and progression of human gastric carcinoma in nude mice. Materials andMethods Cell cultures. Two cell lines established from human gastric carcinomas were used. The TMK-1 cell line (a poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma) was kindly provided by Dr. E. Tahara (Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan). The MKN-1 cell line (an adenosquamous carcinoma) was provided by Dr. T. Suzuki (Fukushima Medical College, Fukushima, Japan). These cell lines were maintained in RPMI 1640 (Nissui Co., Tokyo, Japan) with 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS; Sigma, St. Louis, MO). Macrophage differentiation of U937 cells was induced by adding 10 ng/mL phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (Sigma; ref. 40) to cultures for 5 days. Floating cells were removed by rinsing with PBS. Differentiated U937 cells attached to the dishes were used for further analyses. Gene transfection and cloning of transfected cell lines. A 400-bp PstI fragment containing the entire coding region of the human MCAF gene (accession no. NM002982) was subcloned into the expression plasmid BCMGS-Neo to yield BCMGS-Neo-MCAF (41, 42). TMK-1 cells were transfected with BCMGS-Neo-MCAF with Lipofectin (Life Technologies, Gaithersburg, MD) according to the instructions of the manufacturer. After transfection, cells were grown in selective medium (10% FBS-RPMI 1640 containing 400 Ag/mL G418). The selective medium was changed every 3 days. ELISA for monocyte chemoattractant protein-1. Tumor cells were plated at 5 10/mL per well in 24-well plates (Nunc, Burlington, ON, Canada). After 24 hours, the supernatants were collected and used to measure MCP-1 protein. An ELISA of human MCP-1 was done essentially as previously described (43). Briefly, microtiter plates were coated overnight with antihuman MCP-1 monoclonal antibody (mAb; ME 61, 1 Ag/mL) in 100 AL per well of 0.05 mol/L carbonate buffer (pH 9.6) at 4jC. The plates were then washed thrice with PBS containing 0.05% Tween 20 (buffer A), blocked with a solution of 1% bovine serum albumin in buffer A (buffer B) at 37jC for 1 hour, and washed again with buffer A. The standards and samples diluted in buffer B were then incubated in the wells overnight at 4jC. The wells were then washed thrice and incubated with 100 AL of rabbit antihuman MCP-1 antibody at 37jC for 2 hours. They were then washed at least 10 times and incubated with 100 AL of alkaline phosphatase – conjugated antirabbit immunoglobulin G (Dako, Carpinteria, CA; diluted 1:4,000 with buffer B) at 37jC for 2 hours. The plates were washed and AmpliQ reagent (Dako) was used for the detection of alkaline phosphatase in accordance with the instructions of the manufacturer. Following a 30-minute incubation at 37jC, the reaction was stopped by the addition of 100 AL of 1 mol/L phosphoric acid and the absorbance at 492 nm was determined with an MTP-120 microplate reader (Corona Electric Co., Ibaraki, Japan). All samples were assayed at least thrice. Table1. Sequences of RT-PCR primers Primer sequences Ta ( C) Cycle Expected product size (bp) MCP-1 Forward: 5V-TTCTGTGCCTGCTGCTCATA-3V 60 35 203 Reverse: 5V-CAGATCTCCTTGGCCACA AT-3V CCR2 Forward: 5V-TGGCTGTGTTTGCTTCTGTC-3V 58 30 230 Reverse: 5V-TCTCACTGCCCTATGCCTCT-3V VEGF Forward: 5V-CACATAGGAGAGATGAGCTTC-3V 57 27 300 Reverse: 5V-CCGCCTCGGCTTGTCACAT-5V 230 100 PD-ECGF Forward: 5V-CTAAGCACCGACCTCAAGTTG-3V 60 30 464 Reverse: 5V-GAGAGCCCTCTGCCTCATAGT-3V bFGF Forward: 5V-ATGGCAGCCGGGAGCATCACC-3V 58 35 234 Reverse: 5V-CACACACTCCTTTGATAGACACAA-3V IL-8 Forward: 5V-TTGGCAGCCTTCCTGATTTC-3V 56 35 247 Reverse: 5V-AACTTCTCCACAACCCTCCTG-3V GAPDH Forward: 5V-ATCATCCCTGCCTCTACTGG-3V 51 25 188 Reverse: 5V-CCCTCCCGACGCCTGCTTCAC-3V Table 2. Secretion of MCP-1protein by gastric carcinoma cell lines Cell line MCP-1 (ng/mL) TMK-1parent <0.05 TMK-1neo <0.05 TMK-1MCP1-C5 1.1 MKN-1 1.7 NOTE: Cells were incubated in RPMI1640 supplemented with10% FBS. Culture supernatants were collected after 24 hours and assayed for MCP-1by ELISA as described in Materials and Methods. These values are each representative of one of a series of three measurements. Human Cancer Biology www.aacrjournals.org Clin Cancer Res 2005;11(21) November1, 2005 7630 Research. on April 14, 2017. © 2005 American Association f


Strong evidence exists in literature regarding improved organisational performance in economical and environmental front due to adoption of green supply chain management (GSCM) practices. Motivated by this, few bigger Indian mining industries have started adopting GSCM practices with a view not only to improve their performance but also to maintain a steady operation that is free from government and social interruptions. One of the reasons behind poor rate of GSCM adoption in Indian mining industries is lack of sector specific GSCM success criteria. In order to bridge this gap this paper makes a novel approach to establish a validated set of GSCM success activities. This paper further employs fuzzy analytical hierarchy process (FAHP) to evaluate the priority weights of these success activities which could be helpful for the decision makers in assessing and improving their GSCM effectiveness.


• As state agency employees, we are accountable to many stakeholders, including taxpayers, legislators, bondholders, and the federal government. It is important for us to use the state's resources wisely, and to demonstrate that we have done our best to achieve the objectives of the state and our agencies. Implementing an effective internal control system will provide us with that reasonable assurance.


BACKGROUND
Osteosarcoma is an aggressive bone tumor. Itrepresents the principal cause of cancer-associated death in children.Considering the recent findings on the role of iron in cancer, iron chelation has been investigated for its antineoplastic properties in many tumors. Deferasirox is the most used iron chelator compound and in previous studies showed an anticancer effectinhematologic and solid malignancies. Eltrombopag is a Thrombopoietin receptor used in thrombocytopenia, that also binds and mobilize iron. It demonstrated an effect in iron overload conditions and also in contrasting cancer cells proliferation.

OBJECTIVE
We analyzed the effects of Deferasirox and Eltrombopag in Human Osteosarcoma cells, in the attempt to identify other therapeutic approaches for this tumor.

METHODS
We cultured and treated withDeferasirox and Eltrombopag, alone and in combination, two human osteosarcoma cell lines, MG63 and 143B. After 72h exposure, we performed RTqPCR, Western Blotting, Iron Assay and cytofluorimetric assays to evaluate the effect on viability, apoptosis, cell cycle progression and ROS production.

RESULTS
The iron chelating properties of the two compounds are confirmed also in Osteosarcoma, but we did not observe any direct effect on tumor progression.

DISCUSSION
We tested Deferasirox and Eltrombopag, alone and in combination, in Human Osteosarcoma cells for the first time and demonstrated that their iron chelating activity does not influence biochemical pathways related to cancer progression and maintenance.

CONCLUSION
Although further investigations on possible effects mediated by cells of the tumor microenvironment could be of great interest, in vitro iron chelation in Osteosarcoma does not impair tumor progression.


The school curriculum, as a document directing the activity of physical education and sport, is approached by each specialised teacher from different perspectives, according to their personal views. In the operationalization of general and specific competences that should be acquired by pupils, the teacher's role is essential. For this reason, we think it is important to know how the development of motor abilities is managed during physical education lessons in primary schools, where the foundations of child's motricity are laid. The aim of this paper is to investigate the opinions of specialists on the development of motor abilities in physical education lessons at the primary education level, with special reference to flexibility, as a motor ability. The research method used was the opinion survey questionnaire, and the interviewed subjects were 313 physical education teachers in pre-university education. The questionnaire was administered at the beginning of the school year 2015-2016 via the Google Forms application within the Google Drive service. There were collected 122 direct responses (at conferences, methodical sessions) and 191 online responses (on social networks dedicated to teachers). The result analysis was performed using the SPSS software program, version 15. The obtained results reveal the specialists' opinions on the place and importance given to the development of conditional, coordination and intermediate motor abilities in the content of physical education lesson at the primary school level. © 2018 Published by Future Academy www.FutureAcademy.org.UK


In organizations where there are not any concerns about guiding Information Systems' (IS) development using Information Systems Architecture (ISA) models updated in a strict and automatic fashion, business requirements and external pressures frequently lead to an increasing gap between current Information Systems and the latest version of their ISA and, in particular, their Technology Architecture (TA) models, when they exist. One of the causes for the lack of "investment" in TA models is the considerable effort required to "discover" infrastructural features that serve as input to the development of such Architectures. Such a task can only be achieved using automatic approaches. This work is focused on devising a bottom-up approach for the representation and continuous update of TAs in organizations using a tool that automates the discovery of architectural evidences (through network events) and mappings between those architectural evidences to a modeling language, using logical deduction rules. This approach also features a process based on the annotation mechanism to enable interaction contexts that allow actors in an organization to make explicit their knowledge about their perception of the TA reality. This approach was applied in a concrete case study, but it can be applied to any organization in any context.


An inexpensive mixture of the therapeutic agents malachite green (MAG), methylene blue (MB) and formalin (known as FMC) is used to control external fungal infections in fish eggs (e.g. Saprolegnia ssp., Achlya ssp.) in aquaculture and ornamental fish breeding. The treatment success as well as the toxicity of the chemicals is determined by the toxicity of each of the substances and synergistic effects among them. Moreover, toxicity and therapeutical index might be affected by water parameters such as the ion content and the presence of humic substances (HS). Four different test waters with combinations of low (0.2 mmol L−1) and high (2 mmol L−1) calcium (Ca), +HS (5 mg L−1 C) or –HS (0 mg L−1 C) were used to determine the toxicity of FMC to early life stages of zebrafish, Danio rerio (Hamilton-Buchanan, 1822, 1823). Thus, the test solutions differed only in the content of dissolved organic carbon, and/or the amount of Ca chloride, and, to a lesser extent, pH. Zebrafish eggs reaching the four- to eight-cell stage were exposed to different concentrations of FMC (10, 15, 22, 33, 50 µL L−1 FMC) for 144 h. Survival was highest in low Ca/+HS-solution. High Ca and HS did not better protect the eggs than HS alone, so that this group had the lowest survival. Survival of the '–HS-groups' was intermediate. The toxicity of the mixture as well as the interaction with Ca and HS was mainly determined by MAG. MAG, the most toxic part of the mixture, is positively charged and competes with Ca for the negatively charged binding sites of the HS. In presence of high Ca, the binding sites of the HS are filled with Ca-ions. This causes lower binding of MAG to the HS. Thus, MAG binds to the juvenile fish and enhances the toxicity of the mixture. Therefore, the toxicity as well as the therapeutical index may be altered in the presence of HS and the Ca content of the water.


Objective To study the nursing method on patients with combined administration of miscacic injection and pamidronate disodium on multiple bone metastases.Methods 69 cases with combined administration of miscacic injection and pamidronate disodium on multiple bone metastases,were randomly divided into two groups.The control group (36 cases) received the routine nursing,when the experimental group (33 cases) received comfort care.Results Comparing with the effective rate of two groups showed no statistical significance (84.8% Vs 83.3%,x 2=0.029,P > 0.05).After treatment,the activities of Karnofsky life quality score in the experimental group was improved significantly,there was statistical significance compared with the control group[(81.9 + 13.6) vs.(74.6 ± 11.3),t=2.413,P < 0.05],the patient satisfaction was improved,too (93.3%Vs75.0%,x 2=4.609,P < 0.05).Conclusion Personalized comfort care measures combined with medicine for positive antalgic effect,improving the quality of life in patients with multiple bone metastases.

Key words:
Bone metastases;  Comfort care ;  Miscacic;  Pamidronate disodium


Objective: Study the treatment evolution of hypertensive subjects from a multiprofessional reference service in a brazilian capital. Design and method: Retrospective cohort study that analised the treatment evolution of all patients with regular follow-up in a multiprofessional service (regular appointments with physicians, nurses and nutritionists). Data from the first and last appointments were obtained from the patients files. The variables considered were: a) socioeconomical (gender, age, origin); b) clinical (family risk of cardiovascular diseases, follow-up time, blood pressure, physical activity, alcohol consumption, smoking and body mass índex (BMI)) and c) laboratory (lipids profile, fasting glucose and creatinin). Results: Data from 1166 patients were analised, with a mean age of 63 ± 12,4 years, 74,4% females and 44,7% with an stable partner. The mean time of follow-up was 8,0 ± 7,4 years. There was no significant changes of the BMI and HDL-CT values between the two visits. Regarding the others variables, significant changes happened in some of them (table 1). It was observed throughout the years a significant increase on the rates of patients with controlled blood pressure (BP < 140x90mmHg) among the non diabetics (25,4% x 56,3% - p < 0,05), and the same happened with the diabetic patients (BP < 130x80mmHg) in which the rates of control went from 7,1% to 27,2%. Figure. No caption available. Conclusions: It was observed a significant improve in almost all the variables analised showing a probably due to higher adherence to treatment of patients undergoing multiprofessional treatment.


The authors have measured branching ratios for the exclusive B decay modes {bar B}{sup 0}{r_arrow}D{sup +}{pi}{sup {minus}}, {bar B}{sup 0}{r_arrow}D{sup +}{rho}{sup {minus}}, {bar B}{sup 0}{r_arrow}D{sup 0}{pi}{sup +}. They have analysed the resonant substructure of the above three-body decays in order to place upper limits on the decays B{sup {minus}}{r_arrow}D**{sup 0}(2420){pi}{sup {minus}} and B{sup {minus}} {r_arrow}D**{sup 0}(2460){pi}{sup {minus}}. These preliminary results are based on 0.923 fb{sup {minus}1} of data collected at the {Upsilon}(4S) with the CLEO II detector at CESR.


In this paper some limitations of the conventional IF — THEN fuzzy rules due to the context dependency and rule structure are discussed. To overcome those limitations, the operational definition of a linguistic variable proposed by Zadeh is extended in such a way that a fuzzy value of a linguistic variable may take several meanings depending on the context. Applied to fuzzy controllers and models, this new operational definition leads to a new class of fuzzy controllers and models. To show its applicability this concept is applied to model the gear selection of two human drivers with different characteristics.


We extend the theory of matrix completion to the case where we make Poisson observations for a subset of entries of a low-rank matrix. We consider the (now) usual matrix recovery formulation through maximum likelihood with proper constraints on the matrix M of size d1-by-d2, and establish theoretical upper and lower bounds on the recovery error. Our bounds are nearly optimal up to a factor on the order of O(log(d1d2)). These bounds are obtained by adapting the arguments used for one-bit matrix completion [1] (although these two problems are different in nature) and the adaptation requires new techniques exploiting properties of the Poisson likelihood function and tackling the difficulties posed by the locally sub-Gaussian characteristic of the Poisson distribution. Our results highlight a few important distinctions of Poisson matrix completion compared to the prior work in matrix completion including having to impose a minimum signal-to-noise requirement on each observed entry. We also develop an efficient iterative algorithm and demonstrate its good performance in recovering solar flare images.


b Mobilizing Information (MI) is any kind of information "that helps people act on the attitudes they already have."' Reporters for daily newspapers generally withhold MI from their news accounts of public affairs controversies while providing it in non-controversial stories.' To report a street address o r tactical information about opportunities to act makes reporters and editors feel vulnerable to accusations of bias when the story is about a public affairs controversy. Meanwhile the same information, when it can be put in a story about something like a charitable drive, very often will be. This kind of story is in a positive, noncontroversial context and does not arouse readers' or journalists' concern about objectivity norms. But even when an apparent "license" to seem partisan is available e.g., in newspaper editorials or in the pages of prominent conservative political opinion magazines the MI very often still is missing.' Why?


X‐ray photoelectron spectra of Bi‐Sr‐Ca‐Cu‐O superconductors with different Pb concentrations have been obtained. It is observed that Bi 4f and Sr 3d peaks show evidence of two possible bonding states. Incorporation of Pb into the structure is seen to increase the proportion of Sr and Bi atoms in the strongly bonded state. The relative atomic proportion of Sr and Ca also shows a significant change when Pb is added.


Redistricting has a substantial influence on parties' electoral fortunes, so the process receives extremely close attention from those potentially affected by changes to the pattern of constituency boundaries. In the United Kingdom, redistricting recommendations are made by independent Boundary Commissions, but the political parties can influence the nature of those recommendations through the representations that they make during the consultative process. When a Commission has made provisional recommendations for a county (in England and Wales), region (in Scotland) or London borough, individuals and organizations have one month in which to make written representations, either favourable or unfavourable, regarding all or part of the recommendations, and they can suggest alternative sets of constituencies for the area concerned. The Commission may then hold a public inquiry, at which the interested parties can promote their views and contest those put forward by others. The assistant commissioner who conducts the inquiry reports to the commission, which may publish alterations to the provisional recommendations as a result of his/her advice. If their suggestions are adopted by the Commission for its final recommendations, then those promoting them at the public inquiry will have influenced the redistricting outcome. For detailed discussions of the work of the Boundary Commissions, see D. Butler, 'The Redrawing of Parliamentary Boundaries in Britain', Journal of Behavioural and Social Sciences, 37 (1992), 5–12; I. McLean and R. Mortimore, lsquo;Apportionment and the Boundary Commission for England', Electoral Studies, 11 (1992), 293–309.


Dear Editor, Many genetic and phenotypic risk factors connected to malignant melanoma (MM) have been extensively studied and documented in the literature. Among them, sun exposure is considered one of the main causative factors for the development of MM. The risk is increased especially when vulnerable persons are subjected to sun intensely and intermittently. Therefore, creating a balance between sun exposure and protection measures, such as sun avoidance, is crucial for prevention and delay of the development of cutaneous MM. In the current study, we conducted a survey among Turkish MM patients to assess the extent of their knowledge on both MM and protection from MM. This study was conducted on adult MM patients who were asked to fill in the questionnaire after their scheduled outpatient clinic visits. The questionnaires were handed out to the patients by their physician on arrival at the clinic. The questionnaire was mostly self-administered, but occasionally they were also conducted by the questioner face to face. It consisted of multiple choice questions, but the patients could add further optional comments. The questionnaire was designed to evaluate the awareness prior to and after the diagnosis of MM and also to understand the patients' sunbathing routines. The study population comprised 100 persons; 58 men and 42 women. The median age was 53 years (range: 22-95). The majority (68%) had advanced stage (III-IV) diseases. Twenty-one patients had information about MM prior to diagnosis (Table 1). Higher education was found to be linked with the awareness of MM (P = .05) in contrast to other sociodemographic factors, such as age, gender, place of living, occupation, income, marital status, and religious belief. Prior to diagnosis, a majority of them did not take into consideration ultraviolet protection when sunbathing in summer (69%), and they did not take heed of the appropriateness of swimming hours regarding the sun (64%) (Table 2). Similarly, most of them did not use sunscreen while in the water. The median number of information sources was 1 (range:1-3). Prior to diagnosis, the main informative sources were ordered as follows: media, press, and internet (n = 8); friends/family (n = 5); patient relatives (n = 5); and physicians (n = 2) (Table 3). While most patients (two-thirds) were not aware of early symptoms, nearly half (52%) knew the risk factors of MM. Most of the patients (57%) did not do a self-examination. After diagnosis, almost all the patients (93%) considered themselves having some degree of TABLE 1 Sociodemographic characteristics of the patients


Objective To introduce a method for curing common anal diseases including external and internal hemorrhoid, anal fistula and anal fissure. Methods The experience about the laser therapy for anal diseases was described and discussed by summarizing all clinical cases between 1995 to 2005. Results All 470 cases of anal diseases patients receiving CO_2 laser therapy healed well from the operation. Good results were obtained with a rehabilitation of 96.6% and effective rate of 100%. Conclusions CO_2 laser therapy for common anal diseases is simple and convenient, easy for operation with few complication and good results that it is considered a basic skill for the primary doctors in the anal diseases department or laser department.


AbstractAn analysis has been made of data from 17 000 patients whose serum gave a positive Paul-Bunnell reaction on investigation at Statens Seruminstitut, Denmark, in the period 1940 to 1969. The annual number of cases with heterophile antibodies increased during the period. In the years 1963 to 1969, the number of cases in Denmark with positive Paul-Bunnell reactions was 20 per 100 000 inhabitants per year, and the number of notified cases 60 per 100 000. The incidence of Paul-Bunnell positive cases was higher in the Copenhagen area than in the rest of the country. During the period of survey the peak age fell by 2 years for both sexes. The sex distribution was almost equal, but heterophile antibodies were found at an earlier age in women.


or an elaborate heuristic to develop normative principles is a question addressed infra at note 148. 113 See supra note 82 and accompanying text (commenting that the literature on bankruptcy policy has been, until recently, exiguous). 114 See T. JACKSON, supra note 81, at 199. See also id. at 193-94 (discussing In re Tinti Constr. Co., 29 Bankr. 971 (Bankr. E.D. Wis. 1983)). Cf. Note, Good Faith Inquiries Under the Bankruptcy Code, supra note 11, at 813-16 (arguing that good faith challenges to petitions could frequently be avoided if secured creditors' state law rights were preserved and strategic advantages to other claimants thereby eliminated). See generally infra note 117. 115 See T. JACKSON, supra note 81, at 195. 116 See supra note 108. 117 But for the automatic stay, a secured creditor could foreclose its security interest, sell the collateral, and reinvest the proceeds at a profit determined by investment conditions at the time. To preserve the relative value of the secured creditor's claim in bankruptcy, according to the Collectivists, secured creditors should receive lost opportunity costs occasioned by the stay. Otherwise, the HeinOnline -85 Nw. U. L. Rev. 956 1990-1991 85:919 (1991) Implied Good Faith Filing Requirement tributive impulses of creditors in general. Yet, these challenges hardly stand as overwhelming testimony to widespread concurrence by bankruptcy judges with the entirety of Collectivist theory. In any event, from our brief excursus into Collectivism, we can identify two conclusions that are relevant to any inquiry into the good faith filing requirement. First, to say that a case was filed in bad faith is to say that the petition proposes a misuse of the bankruptcy laws.1 18 Second, a case filed where there is no common pool problem to contend with is a fortiori such a case.119 There is much of value in the work of the Collectivists. It reminds us, for instance, that an original purpose of the bankruptcy process is efficient debt collection in multi-default cases where there simply are not enough fish and loaves to go around. In an era of mega-reorganizations motivated by a staggering array of novel impulses,120 it is worthwhile periodically to revisit that touchstone. 121 The Collectivists revive our awareness of the importance of an original historic function of bankopportunity is forfeit and is used, in effect, to underwrite the debtor's reorganization for the benefit of unsecured creditors who are functionally the new owners of the business. On these grounds, the Collectivists insist that a secured creditor's interest is adequately protected in bankruptcy pursuant to § 362(d) only if the creditor receives lost opportunity costs from the estate to reflect what the secured creditor would have realized on reinvesting the proceeds from the sale of the collateral in some new opportunity. Anything less and the secured creditor is entitled to relief from the stay. See generally T. JACKSON, supra note 81, at 183-90. For a time, it seemed the Collectivist view on lost opportunity costs was gaining ground. See, eg., Crocker Nat'l Bank v. American Mariner Indus. (In re American Mariner Indus.), 734 F.2d 426 (9th Cir. 1984) (adequate protection requires that an undersecured creditor is entitled to lost opportunity costs). However, the advance in that direction was halted by the Supreme Court. See United States Says. Ass'n of Tex. v. Timbers of Inwood Forest Assocs., 484 U.S. 365 (1988) (undersecured creditors are not entitled to lost opportunity costs arising from the delay in payment occasioned by bankruptcy). For a discussion of Timbers and Norwest Bank Worthington v. Ahlers, 485 U.S. 197 (1988), suggesting that these two recent decisions, although having confounded and confused the law of bankruptcy, still may be reconciled with core bankruptcy policy, see Scott, supra note 84; see also supra note 35 regarding the treatment of secured claims in bankruptcy. One commentator has urged that if secured creditors received lost opportunity costs, thereby preserving the relative value of their state law entitlements, see generally supra notes 107 & 108, good faith filing challenges raised by secured creditors would be avoided altogether. Without a redistribution of the lost opportunity value, secured creditors would be indifferent to the collective proceeding imposed by bankruptcy. See Note, Good Faith Inquiries Under the Bankruptcy Code, supra note 11, at 801. Jackson is of the same mind. See T. JACKSON, supra note 81, at 195; see also Jackson's approving citation to the above-mentioned Note, id. at n.8. For a thorough, well-considered treatment of post-petition interest for undersecured and oversecured creditors, see Carlson, Postpetition Interest Under the Bankruptcy Code, 43 MIAMI L. REV. 577 (1989). 118 Id. at 196 ("Good faith is simply a label for those cases in which a bankruptcy proceeding is appropriate."). 119 See supra note 84 and accompanying text; see also supra notes 89 & 90. 120 See generally Kennedy, supra note 8. See also infra note 188 and accompanying text discussing the place of multifarious filing motives in the good faith analysis of petitions. 121 Warner, who has criticized Jackson for failing "to prove his main point," Warner, supra note 105, at 489, nevertheless finds Jackson's "reminder" to be helpful, id. at 492. HeinOnline -85 Nw. U. L. Rev. 957 1990-1991 NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY LAW REVIEW ruptcy122 and, in the rejuvenating light of fresh analysis, transform it from a rarely consulted premise to a vital consideration that figures actively in current issues of pressing importance. In short, the Collectivists offer both a fresh perspective on the role of the debt collectivizing purpose of bankruptcy and a coherent, vigorous methodology for assessing the extent to which bankruptcy law advances or fails that purpose. Even commentary otherwise critical of Collectivism routinely acknowledges this contribution. 23 Notwithstanding its positive aspects, Collectivism has been sharply criticized of late on different fronts. Some attacks are mounted in the argot of Collectivism itself, consisting of charges of internal inconsistencies in the system. 124 These need not detain us. We are concerned here with challenges to Collectivism on an ideological level-challenges to ba122 Not every commentator agrees with Jackson that debt collectivizing was the single historic function of bankruptcy. See id. at 491 n.4. 123 See, e.g., Warren, supra note 82, at 813. 124 See, eg., Warner, supra note 105, at 493 (criticizing Jackson's theoretical postulates and conclusions partly on grounds of internal inconsistencies: "Whenever his common pool theory threatens a [bankruptcy] rule he agrees with, he pulls from his hat some other justification for the threatened rule."). The most complete discussion of Jackson's LorIC AND LIMrrs to date is found in Carlson, Philosophy in Bankruptcy, supra note 103. The reviewer unremittingly and, we would add, skillfully challenges ideological and methodological principles that are the plinth of the Bargain Model. In their joint work, On the Nature of Bankruptcy: An Essay on Bankruptcy Sharing and the Creditors' Bargain, supra note 6, Scott and Jackson have sought to enrich the bargain model. Basically, the creditors' bargain model is repostulated in an "expanded framework" to explain away the apparent contradiction of the central premise of the bargain model with what amounts to redistributional rules and impulses at work in the bankruptcy law. Id. at 157. Under the regime of the new and improved creditors' bargain model, "all participants share.., the risks of business failure attributable to certain 'common disasters' .... [D]istributional effects premised on the anticipation of these common disasters would be explicitly included in an ex ante bargain . Id. (footnote omitted). On the Nature of Bankruptcy seems mainly to adopt a perspective from which to survey the bankruptcy process at a point further removed from that adopted by Jackson in his earlier work. The insistence on one goal for bankruptcy is no less single-minded, but it seems that Scott and Jackson have undertaken to view the bankruptcy process in the round, so to speak, to dispel inconsistencies between theory and practice as merely the product of an earlier narrower vision of the legal landscape. But see Eisenberg, supra note 105, at 212: rTheir discussion provides some support for the modified creditor's bargain. The kind of ringing, conclusive support one might hope for is, however, lacking. And little of the support that is marshalled suggests that the modified creditor's bargain is superior to the simpler theories that might underlie much of bankruptcy law. To be sure, a broader view of the legal landscape reveals new insights and suggests relationships theretofore unrecognized or only dimly perceived. Yet, it may be that expansion of the bargain model dilutes the theoretical prowess of the model in making it appear equivocal or uncertain. Cf. Warner, supra note 105, at 493 ("It is impossible for the reader to guess in advance which rules... [Jackson] will keep and which he will discard. Perhaps, Jackson's perfect bankruptcy law actually incorporates more than one policy."). Warren similarly has accused Baird of inconsistency in his theoretical position. See Warren, supra note 82, at 803 ("As Baird has used it .... collectivism is nothing but a veil to conceal his relentless push for single-value economic rationality, an excuse to impose a distributional scheme without justifying it."). HeinOnline -85 Nw. U. L. Rev. 958 1990-1991 Implied Good Faith Filing Requirement sic assumptions and conclusions and to the impact of its methodology. Collectivism's chief ideological rival consists of several assumptions that together comprise what earlier was referred to as the Traditional view, 12 5 a term we use in an effort to group those assumptions under a single, wieldy heading. As we see it, the pri


Objective To study the effect of mild hypothermia after resuscitation on rat neuronal apoptosis and its gene expression. Methods Sixty healthy male SD rats were equally randomized into two groups: normal temperature group ( T = 37 ℃ ± 0. 5 ℃ ) and mild hypothermia group ( T = 33 ℃ ± 1. 0 ℃ ) . A rat model of asphyxial cardiac arrest and cardiopulmonary resuscitation was established. The neurological functions were assessed using neurological deficit score ( NDS) 12 and 24 hours after the restoration of spontaneous circulation. Also,the expressions of the apoptosis-inducing factor ( AIF) ,caspase-3,and Fas mRNA were detected using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction ( RT-PCR) at 0,2,6,12,and 24 hours,respectively. Results Compared with the normal temperature group,the mild hypothermia group had significantly higher NDS at 12 and 24 hours ( P 0. 05) and lower number of apoptotic brain cells at 6,12,and 24 hours ( P 0. 05) . The mRNA expressions of AIF and caspase-3 at each time point and Fas at 6,12,24 hours were significantly reduced after resuscitation in mild hypothermia group ( P 0. 05) . Conclusion Therapeutic hypothermia after resuscitation may improve NDS and thus protect brain by inhibiting expressions of apoptotic genes including AIF,caspase-3, and Fas.


The impact strength of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) have been dramatically improved by blending with a copolyester thermoplastic elastomer, or an acrylate core/shell elastomer. The addition of triphenyl phosphite (TPP) to the polyester elastomer/PET blends, encouraged molecular weight buildup and resulted in improved impact strength and tensile properties. Up to 60 fold increase in impact strength of PET was obtained by blending with elastomers in the presence of TPP. It was suspected that the phosphite interacts chemically with the components of the blend during processing and produces the improvements. Phosphorus-31 ({sup 31}P) NMR techniques have provided a direct spectroscopic probe of the chemical nature of the phosphite additive after the processing steps. Solution and solid state spectra have revealed the presence of products in which the polymer chains are grafted and cross-linked through the phosphorus additive.


We propose and experimentally demonstrate an in-line interferometer, which is based on a capillary spliced between two single mode fibers (SMFs) with a certain of transverse offset. As two main modes, LP01 and LP11, are excited and propagate in the capillary wall, they will interfere with each other when they meet again in the output-SMF. Due to the characteristic of polarization dependent in the LP11 mode, the proposed capillary-based interferometer can be designed for twist sensing. Experimental results show that our proposed capillary-based interferometer can provide sensitivities higher than 90 pm/° in both anticlockwise and clockwise twist in the range of 10° – 90°.


Research in the field of organizational configurations (OC) involves the formation of groups of firms that are similar to each other on certain characteristics, and dissimilar from other groups, an...


Tissue-specific localization of TCR-defined subsets of gamma delta T cells has been widely reported; however, the mechanisms responsible for this phenomenon are poorly understood. We describe a bovine gamma delta T cell TCR-associated subset that preferentially localizes in the spleen. This subset was characterized by coexpression of CD8, and was found to lack surface expression of E-selectin ligands, GR Ag ligands, as well as low expression of L-selectin. The CD8-positive gamma delta T cell subset did not accumulate at sites of inflammation as efficiently as CD8-negative gamma delta T cells that, in contrast, express E-selectin and GR ligands and high levels of L-selectin. This is the first demonstration of a gamma delta T cell subset, which exhibits a defined tissue tropism, having a unique adhesion molecule expression profile. These results demonstrate that in some cases tissue-specific accumulation of gamma delta T cell subsets can be predicted by expression, or lack of expression, of defined homing molecules.


The practice of peer assessment has been widely recommended for use in physical education (PE) classes. However, it is unknown how accurately students in lower elementary grades can assess peers' performance. Therefore, this study examined the accuracy at which students in lower elementary PE perform peer assessments of a throwing skill. Students in first, second, and third grades conducted assessments of peers' overhand throw performance once per week for 4 weeks. Sessions were video recorded; a researcher viewed the videos and examined participants' assessments for accuracy. Results indicate that students in lower elementary grades can assess peers' performance with a relatively high degree of accuracy, with third graders performing significantly better than their younger counterparts. Results also show that students can accurately perform a peer process assessment immediately after a reasonably short assessment training session. It can be concluded that physical education teachers can implement peer process assessments with young students with the confidence that they will be conducted accurately. Subscribe to TPE


de-Objectives: Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) is used alone or in combination with docetaxel or androgen inhibitors in the initial treatment of metastatic PC (mPC). Enzalutamide is an androgen receptor inhibitor that is used orally and plays a role in different steps of the androgen receptor (AR) signal pathway. The aim of this study is to determine the real life data of patients using enzalutamide for metastatic PC. Methods: 118 patients from totally 6 centers using enzalutamide treatment were included in this retrospective analysis. Clinical information of patients were recorded from patient files or automation records. Results: Median OS was 71 months and median PFS was 5 months (4,1–5,9 months). There was no association of Gleason score with OS and PFS (p=0.5 and p=0.4, respectively). Although those who were metastatic at the time of diagnosis lived longer than those who developed metastases later, the difference was not statistically significant (p=0.9). Likewise, there was no relationship between the time of metastasis development and PFS (p=0.2). There was no difference in OS and PFS between patients with visceral metastasis and those without (p=0.3, p=0.5, respectively). Conclusion: Enzalutamide is an effective and safe agent in accordance with the literature in the patient group included in this study, although some patients may have an unresponsiveness to enzalutamide or develop progression under the enzalutamide treatment. More studies are needed to understand which patient group can benefit more from enzalutamide. Abstract Cite This Article: Bahçeci A, Sedef AM, Aktaş G, Olgun P, Yeşil Çınkır H, Taşkaynatan H, et al. Enzalutamide in Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer, Real-World Data. EJMI 2023;7(1):1–7.


Introduced the equipment that bring the ray and the kind of ray in the hospital radiation department,introduce the disposed measure when duct through the wall of the radiation department,and introduce the calculation formula of the shield thickness.


From the perspective of the Stakeholder Theory, the objective of this paper was to, initially, identify and classify by importance the expectations of editors from scientific journal that are indexed in ISI about its relationship with the universities. After that, the objective was to measure the satisfaction levels of the same editors as to its relationship with universities in general. 276 answers were obtained and the results showed that the satisfaction of the editors with the universities comes from the offer, by the universities, of the adequate facilities for research, including scientific research in the degree programs, encouragement for having and funding scientific events at the university, and of the encourage by the university for their students to participate in research projects. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.19094/675


The problems facing local languages in Africa are akin to challenges faced by conservationists dealing with the environment. In other words, the problems attendant to conservation can be shown to inform challenges facing linguistic diversity in Africa. Issues that have been seen as inimical to the development and promotion of the local languages include current educational policies and uninformed politics that have acted as factors that inhibit at best and, at worst, frustrate any attempts to make mother tongues an important part of national development. Suggested solutions to environmental conservation can therefore be seen to illuminate on appropriate (informed) solutions that can help a country harness its cultural and linguistic diversity for the betterment of society in general. Borrowing from the principles of conservation, suggestions are made that can be taken on board in order to stem the threat to linguistic diversity in the Kenya.


The present invention is particularly over the first 10 minutes after administration in subjects wishing to non smoking, relates to certain nicotine chewing gum that provides a buccal absorption and high plasma concentrations of high rates.


Abstract At optimum phase behavior, the hydrophile-lipophile balance (HLBOPB) values were determined for different nonionics and nonionic binary mixtures. The molar concentration of surfactant, in all the investigated systems, was kept constant at 0.04 M/L aqueous phase in presence of 0.5 wt% tetraethylene glycol as co-surfactant and 1.0 wt% NaCl. n-Alkanes, from hexane to hexadecane, were used as oil phases. All experiments were carried out at 25°C using water oil ratio, 4:1. The study reveals that the IFTOPB is in inverse proportion to HLBOPB, the lower the IFTOPB, the higher the HLBOPB values for each set of the investigated nonionics. When IFTOPB was plotted against the molecular weight of the investigated nonionic mixtures at a different oil phase alkane carbon number, two linear relations had been developed: the first for the monoalkylated and the second for the dialkylated phenol ethoxylate binary mixtures.


Nowadays, social media (SM) platforms provide easy and affordable tools to market products' brands and services to a wider audience. It is rampant that many fast-moving consumable goods (FMCG) companies are using deceit-marketing tactics perceived as more environmentally friendly sensitive to their environment through the application of social media platforms. This deceptive approach is often used to enhance their market share base, profitability, brand equity, increase brand loyalty, increase their sales volume, and expand brand equity at the expense of Generation Y ignorance. This incessant practice of deceit tactic is called "greenwashing." Greenwashing has become prevalent and increasing in geometrical progression in the FMCG industry targeting Generation Y using the power of social media platforms. The high rate of this concern has become increasingly popular and interesting due to large benefits associated with green marketing initiatives and the role SM is playing towards it.


Aim To detect the methylation and expression of CpG island in the gene promoter region of live CuZnSOD during the occurrence of atherosclerosis (As) on apolipoprotein E-deficient mouse, explore the effects of betaine on atherosclerosis and its possible mechanisms. Methods Normal C.57BL/6J mouse were taken as control group, apolipoprotein E-deficient mouse were randomly divided into model group, 1%, 2% and 3% betaine group. Oil red O staining method was used to detect the lipid plaque area in mouse aortic sinus, methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction (MSP) was applied to examine the gene methylation of liver CuZnSOD, quantitative fluorescence reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (real-time RT-PCR) was taken to detect the expression of mRNA in CuZnSOD gene and by immunohistochemical method its protein expression was detected. Results In 14th week, the lipid plaque areas of aortic sinus in 2% and 4% betaine mouse group were less than the model group, the difference was significant (P<0.05); The CpG island methylation status of CuZnSOD gene in each group had no significant difference (P>0.05); in all time the expression of mRNA in the normal groups were higher than that in the model groups; the 7th week, the expression of mRNA in 1% betaine group was higher than that in 2% and 4% betaine group; the 14th week, the expression of mRNA in 1% betaine group was higher than that in model group and 2% betaine group. In all time the expression of CuZnSOD protein in the normal group was higher than that in the other four groups (P<0.05), but the expression in the other four groups had no signifcant difference. Conclusions CuZnSOD gene may not be involved in the abnormal DNA methylation changes in the process of atherosclerosis, supplement of betaine can increase the expression of CuZnSOD gene mRNA in liver, thus improve the lipid aggradation of apolipoprotein E-deficient mouse and reduce the plaque area of aortic.


An experiment has been conducted at the NASA Langley Research Cent& "2 ft by 3 ft Low Speed Wind Tunnel Facility" in order to examine the generation and evolution of boundary-layer disturbances on an unswept two-dimensional wing up through transition to turbulent flow The results are intended to be used to generate a comprehensive database that includes the effect of the external disturbance environment on the transition process and serves as a benchmark for future transition prediction tools. The model was a 6% thick, 1.2 m chord symmetric wing, and it was designed to provide an extensive region of boundary-layer instability growth, with the lower branch upstream of 20% chord and transition as far downstream as 80% chord. A flow speed of 20 m/s was examined, which corresponded to chord Reynolds number of 1.68 million. The experiment consisted of establishing the mean flow conditions, forcing two-dimensional TolhnienSchlichting boundary-layer waves using modulated acoustic bursts in the free-stream, and acquiring the mean boundary-layer data and fluctuating disturbance data using hot-wire probes. Acoustic receptivity due to surface roughness near Branch I was examined. The surface roughness consisted of two-dimensional strips of tape 'applied at and symmetrically spaced about Branch I, where repeated roughness elements were spaced one disturbance wavelength apart based upon linear-stability theory. Surface-normal modeshapes and constant boundary-layer height chordwise traverses were acquired and examined. The experimental results match well with linear stability theory, indicating breakdown of disturbances between N-factors of 7 and 11 with surface roughness on the model. Overall, the effects of surface roughness and free-stream acoustic forcing on boundary-layer eceptivity and stability w&e examined in a well-documented disturbance environment. These results will be used to validate and refine non-linear flow theories as well as help to provide an improved understanding and improved methods to control flow transition. Knowledge of the stability. and transition to turbulence of boundary layers is a highly desired goal in the fields of fluid-mechanics and aerodynamics'. Laminar flow is sometimes a desired flow condition because a laminar boundary layer exhibits significantly less drag than a turbulent boundary layer, except in the case of flow separation, where a more energetic turbulent boundary layer can delay or prevent flow separation. Once an understanding of the flow physics is fully obtained, then control of the flow can be effectively completed, and performance benefits can be achieved. The physics of flow transition consists of several processes: receptivity, linear growth, non-linear breakdown and finally turbulent flow. Flow transition can occur over an extended distance, as will be examined herein, as well as over an immeasurably small distance via a bypass mechanism. A significant application of using the knowledge of transitional flow physics is Laminar Flow Control (LFC), the process of delaying boundary-layer transition'. The development of Laminar Flow Control technology for application to transport aircraft3 requires an understanding of boundary-layer transition physics and accurate transition prediction capabilities. While this paper will not go into a detailed discussion of the current status of LFC research, the writers will discuss the recent efforts in the more general field of boundarylayer stability from receptivity through transition, particularly with respect to Tollmien-Schlichting disturbances. Stability theory has been developing dramatically since the 1920's, when Tollmien4# ', Schlichting6* ', .made their contributions, Tollmien and Schlichting examined solutions to the Orr-Sommerfeld equation using the method of small disturbances on flat plates and rotating cylinders. The Orr-Sommerfeld equation is a reduced form of the Navier-Stokes equations of motion, which assumes laminar, incompressible, two-dimensional, constant property and parallel flow. However, the OrrSommerfeld equation is used as a good approximation l Student Member AIAA + Professor, Fellow AL4A Copyright


Abstract: In agricultural practice of arid and semiarid regions, gravel mulch on soil surface is used to increase rainwater infiltration, reduces surface runoff and soil erosion, and protects natural environment while increase agricultural productivity. Gravel mulch has great impacts on soil surface conditions to affect rainwater infiltration and surface runoff processes, as well as sediment yield process. A series of laboratory experiments were conducted to investigate the impacts of gravel mulch of different sizes on soil infiltration-runoff processes under different rainfall intensities and slope gradients with a laboratory rain simulator and portable runoff flumes. The experiments involved 3 rainfall intensities (60, 90, 120 mm/h), 2 slope gradients (0°and 10°), and 4 surface mulches (gravel size of 0.5, 2.5, and 5.0 cm, and control). Runoff samples were collected at 5-minute intervals after runoff generation for runoff and sediment determination. The sediment in runoff samples were weighed with laboratory electronic balance after ovendried in drying oven at 105 centigrade. The results indicated that gravel mulch affected significantly the sediment yield process, in terms of sediment content, detachment rate and cumulative sediment. Gravel size was the most influencing factor. Gravel mulch of smaller size produced less sediment yield. Rainfall intensity and slope gradient were secondary influencing factors on sediment yield as compared with gravel size. The results help to understand the mechanism of gravel mulch for reducing sediment yield and preventing soil erosion so as to benefit dry-land farming practice and protect the environments.


The invention relates to a cell recognition method used for broadband wireless mobile communication, belonging to the field of digital information transmission technology. Firstly, a cell base station generates multinomial according to pseudo-random sequence and generates pseudo noise sequence according to cell serial number; the multinomial and the pseudo noise sequence are combined with processed source information and sent out; the received signals are split so as to extract the pseudo noise sequence; the cell serial number is judged according to register shift times between the pseudo noise sequences, thus completing the recognition of the cell. The method retains the advantages such as fast synchronous speed and exact channel evaluation, which an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing system which adopts pseudo noise sequence to fill the protection intervals has; furthermore, the method has simple disposal and low complexity and is easy to be realized at the base station and a user terminal. Furthermore, the method need not to involve other expenses in a frame structure, thus effectively ensuring the transmission efficiency of the system and having extremely excellent performance.


"A provocative interpretation of the political and cultural history of the early cold war years. . . . By insisting that art, even art of the avant-garde, is part of the general culture, not autonomous or above it, he forces us to think differently not only about art and art history but about society itself."-- "New York Times Book Review"


Objective: To evaluate nifedipine as a tocolytic agent and measure the side-effects Methods : Prospective randomized study of 89 singleton pregnancies with preterm labour between 30-34 weeks of gestation. The capacity to delay delivery 48 h,7 days, til 36 weeks were the outcome variable assessed. Results: Nifedipine could successfully prolong delivery in about 82 % of cases. There were fewer side-effects. Main side-effects were flushing and head-ache. Most of the patients complained of no side-effects. Conclusion : Nifedipine is a well tolerated tocolytic drug with fewer side-effects. Key word: Nifedipine; tocolysis; preterm labour DOI: 10.3329/bjog.v23i2.4961 Bangladesh J Obstet Gynaecol , 2008; Vol. 23(2) : 61-64


Abstract. The review of past researches discussed that factors such as climate change and movement toward urbanization will result in more frequent and severe disasters in the near future (Yasuhara et al., 2011). Flash flood is the most common type of disaster that residents of Kuala Lumpur (KL) come across, thus in this study, it was desired to discover the factors affecting preparedness among residents of KL as well as assessing the variation of individual preparedness among residents. With the aid of SPSS analysis, the reliability of data, correlation and regression analysis between the investigated factors and disaster preparedness were obtained. According to this research it was found that level of preparedness of residents of KL is still below average; majority of social demographic indicators such as income, education, age, and property ownership showed significant contribution to the variation of disaster preparedness among the residents. For instance men were much more prepared in comparison to women; residents with high level of income and education had also significantly higher preparedness compared to those with low level of income and education. Race was the only factor that differs from the findings of previous studies; since race does not affect the preparedness.


THERE are times in the course of a rhinoplastic operation when a difficult decision must be made as to whether or not a cartilaginous graft should be used. I refer specifically to those cases in which minor depressions of the dorsal bridge or any part of the lateral walls are noticeable. It is possible that if these depressions are left alone, they may in time become filled with fibrous tissue and become unnoticeable. However, there is a greater risk that they will be very evident, thereby creating some obvious defects, such as a saddle nose if the dorsal bridge is very low, or a crooked nose if only one lateral wall is depressed. Yet even though the graft is carefully fitted to the defect in every dimension, it is possible that after several days have passed an unpleasant and pronounced hump may appear which is most disturbing to both


In this paper, a new clustering algorithm has been developed using k-medoids clustering algorithm for WSNs. The new algorithm is aimed to develop an algorithm, which perform better than the k-means and LEACH for WSNs. It is widely known that if cluster formation algorithm computes the cluster head according to the node density in a particular cluster. It is also known that the cluster head selection results are better in k-Medoids than k-Means. It has been already proved that k-Means performs better than LEACH. So our aim was to develop a clustering and cluster head selection algorithm based on k-Medoids which performs better than kMeans. In this paper, we have published the results of our new clustering and cluster head selection algorithm based on k-Medoids. This algorithm has improved the network lifetime than the k-Means algorithm by using the balanced cluster head selection based on the network density weight.


: Uniform structuring, clear presentation, simple navigation - terms that are associated with good usability these days. However, purely pragmatic quality features are often not sufficient to gain an insight into how the product, technologies or software are assessed by the user. In order to be able to evaluate the user experience with the parameter "Joy of Use", hedonic quality features should be taken into account. Pragmatic and hedonic characteristics result in the degree of attractiveness, which plays an essential role in the presented work. Within the Carinthian pilot region Smart VitAALity, the attractiveness of the provided AAL technologies was evaluated with a subsample of ten participants using the AttrakDiff questionnaire as well as interviews. By combining the two methodologies, the system could be assessed without much effort and first impressions of the users could be collected. As the results show, the overall experience was good and positive. However, in general, the interviews showed that there is still room for the improvement of the system.


Main components of nonradiative degradation of spacecraft SBs are considered. The results are summarized in the table which makes it possible to carry out the expert estimation of degradation of SBs with increased service life (10-15 years).


Objective: To compare the effects of resuscitation using room air or oxygen on hypoxic damage of fetal rat brains. Methods: Thirty-five fetal rats of 20-day gestational age were randomly divided into three groups: sham operation (control, n=11), room-air resuscitation (n=10), and oxygen (concentration 92.8%) resuscitation (n=14). Fetal rats in the latter two groups suffered from ischemia and hypoxia in- utero resulting from interruption of placental circulation. After recirculation, intra- and extra-cellular concentrations of calcium, sodium, and potassium in the brains were measured in each group. Results: Intracellular free calcium concentration of fetal rat brains was similar between the room-air resuscitation group (552.08 ± 93.50 nmol/L) and the oxygen resuscitation group (520.61 ± 79.08 nmol/L), and both were significantly higher than that in the control (315.27 ± 86.88 nmol/L) (P<0.001). There was no difference in the total concentrations of calcium, sodium, or potassium among the three groups. Conclusion: Resuscitation with room air or 92.8% oxygen had a similar effect on the parameters measured, suggesting that resuscitation of asphyxiated neonates using room air might not be inferior to that using high-concentration oxygen.


Moringa oleifera meal proteins were extracted by using salt, water and alkaline precipitation to obtain globulins (GLO), albumins (ALB), and iso-electric precipitated (ISO) isolates. All the samples were tested for antioxidant properties using 2, 2diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), hydroxyl radical scavenging activity (HRSA), ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) and inhibition of metal ion chelation assays. The amino acid compositions of the samples, though fairly comparable, the albumin fraction in particular showed considerable inhibitory potentials against the DPPH (53.02%) and hydroxyl radical (44.21%). None of the samples however had any significant metal chelating ability since the only sample (globulin) with activity had less than 5% metal chelation activity. With the results obtained in the study, it was concluded that the albumin and the flour possess some level of inhibitory potentials against free radicals which could present them as useful antioxidant


This book outlines the emergence of Arab nationalism as a historical movement and as a doctrine. Yousser Choueiri's focus is the different interpretations of Arab nationalism that developed in the 20th century. This volume's arguments go beyond the generally accepted view that the Ottoman Empire and penetration of European colonialism into the Arab world facilitated the rise of Arab nationalism. Instead, Choueiri posits that Arab nationalism was not merely a reection of the rise of nationalism in the West, but was rooted in the speciŽc history of the region. Nationalism was a modern phenomenon engendered by the disintegration of feudalism and the rise of the new middle classes. At approximately the same time, both Europe and the Ottoman Empire responded to this process by replacing their traditional lifestyles with new social, political and legal orders. Consequently, these reforms introduced a new notion of citizenship based on territorial afŽliation, which provided the catalyst for the emergence of Arab nationalism. Inherent within this nationalism was tension between religion and national identity. This relationship is explained in terms of the rehabilitation of Arab history before the emergence of Islam. The roots of this nationalism are traced beyond the birth of Islam and the development of the Arabic language as the major means of communication in the region. Choueiri cites the example of Zenobia, the Queen of Palmyra. As early as the 2nd century AD she had expelled the Romans and was extending her kingdom as far as the boarders of Iraq and Syria. Within this context, Choueiri presents the argument that Arab nationalism was preceded by local patriotism in countries such as Egypt or Iraq. Subsequently, this was anchored in a common foundation of Arab culture and Islamic history. The conceptualisation of the separation between faith and land was developed by the mid 19th century, when a clear political delineation of the concept of the fatherland was rooted in speciŽc territories. According to this concept, religion was a dependent variable that had to be explained within the wider context of history. By the mid 20th century nationalists such as Sati al-Hursi had deŽned religion and nationalism as two separate entities, with the former being deŽned as a moral and spiritual creed, which superseded national boundaries; and the latter as a thoroughly secular, modern experience, which was rooted in a communality of history and language. In this sense, nationalism emerged as a more effective medium of achieving nations' interest. By the 1930s in Iraq, young nationalists, such as Sami Shawkat, were enthusiastically embracing the historical concept of group solidarity. Ibn Khaldun had developed this concept in the 14th century as the most potent force in the initial stages of state building. Shaykh 'Abdallah al-'Alayili, writing in the 1940s, extended this concept to argue that, as a result of socioeconomic and


Acute coronary syndromes (ACS) mainly affect older patients and little is known on the frequency, the underlying causes and outcomes following ACS in young.

 To investigate the frequency, mechanisms and clinical outcomes of young patients suffering from ACS and undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).

 Between February 2009 and December 2016, 6720 consecutive patients undergoing PCI for an ACS were prospectively enrolled. We defined young patients as male <45 years or female <50 years. The primary endpoint was the patient-oriented composite endpoint (POCE) defined as the composite of all-cause death, myocardial infarction or any revascularization at 12 months. The mechanisms of ACS in young patients (atherosclerotic vs. embolic vs. spontaneous coronary artery dissection) were retrospectively assessed by an adjudication committee based on clinical and angiographic criteria.

 Among 6720 ACS patients, 378 (5.6%) patients were young (41±5 years, 73% male). Young patients, as compared to old patients, presented more frequently with STEMI (64% vs. 45%; p<0.001) and single vessel disease (85% vs. 74%; p<0.001). Cardiovascular risk factors were more frequent in young patients including BMI>30 kg/m2 (34% vs. 22%; p<0.001), smoking (68% vs. 31%; p<0.001), positive family history of coronary artery disease (35% vs. 23%; p<0.001) and baseline LDL-C levels (3.3±1.1 mmol/l vs. 2.9±1.1 mmol/l; p<0.001). Diabetes mellitus was less frequent in the young patient group (10% vs. 21%; p<0.001). The mechanisms of ACS in young patients were atherosclerotic in 87%, coronary embolism in 9%, and spontaneous coronary artery dissection in 4%. At 12 months, the primary endpoint POCE occurred less frequently in young patients (9.3% vs. 17%; HR 0.52, 95% CI 0.37–0.73; p<0.001). The rates of the individual components of the primary endpoint were lower in young patients including all-cause death (3.4% vs. 9.4%; HR 0.36, 95% CI 0.21–0.62; p<0.001), myocardial infarction (1.9% vs. 3.7%; HR 0.48, 95% CI 0.22–1.01; p=0.053) and any revascularization (5.6% vs. 7.7%; HR 0.68, 95% CI 0.44–1.05; p=0.083). Young patients with coronary embolism or spontaneous coronary artery dissection had a higher rate of cardiac death at 12 months as compared to young patients with atherosclerotic disease (embolic vs. atherosclerotic: 9.4% vs. 2.2%; HR 4.3, 95% CI 1.11–16.71; p=0.02; spontaneous coronary artery dissection vs. atherosclerotic: 17.6% vs. 2.2%; HR 8.1, 95% CI 2.1–31.1; p<0.001).

 Approximately one out of 20 ACS patients undergoing PCI was young and the main presumed mechanism of ACS was atherosclerosis (87%) followed by coronary embolism (9%) and spontaneous coronary artery dissection (4%). While young ACS patients carry a lower risk for future cardiovascular events as compared with older patients, the high cardiac death rates following embolic disease or spontaneous coronary artery dissections deserves particular attention.


An ink cartridge and a method for manufacturing the same are provided to reform surfaces of components constituting an ink supply unit to improve adhesion and hydrophilic characteristics. An ink cartridge includes a print head(150). Ink is ejected through the print head. The ink cartridge includes a plurality of ink tanks(121,122, 123,124), a plurality of negative pressure regulation parts (131,131,133,134), a plurality of print heads(150), and an ink channel unit(140). The plurality of ink tanks store ink for print. The plurality of negative pressure regulation parts are connected to the plurality of ink tanks. The plurality of print heads is arranged in the width direction of a recording medium in a certain pattern. The ink channel unit supplies the ink to the plurality of print heads from the plurality of ink tanks. The plurality of ink tanks are installed at a frame.


As the number of tag increases in the UWB Real Time Localization System (RTLS), the positioning update frequency decreases rapidly. To solve this problem, this paper introduces a TDOA system whose coordinate update frequency is not affected by the number of tags. We also present an algorithm that simultaneously measures the coordinates of Tag and Anchor. We performed wireless time synchronization to improve measurement precision and coordinate accuracy of Tags and Anchors. The experiment result confirmed that the positioning error of about 4 meter when the time synchronization is not applied is reduced to 0.08 meter or less with wireless time synchronization.


Abstract This article examines the influence of the Moscow Art Theatre (MKhAT) on the Soviet film studio Mezhrabpom-Rus' as articulated by the studio's manager Moisei Aleinikov. Read with the necessary critical distance, Aleinikov offers an account of a shared professional culture undertreated as a factor in silent-era Soviet filmmaking. The practice of the Moscow Art Theatre, especially as it was represented in the career of Konstantin Stanislavskii, defined a 'director system' of production as a set of relationships and protocols among creative staff. The article first situates the Moscow Art Theatre's legacy as an exemplar of a contemporary transnational 'director's theatre', and then compares its practice of direction to existing accounts of the mode of production in silent cinema. The article then discusses three interrelated aspects of a professional ethos at the Rus' studio: a collective ideal; an approach to interpreting texts based on 'emotional transmission'; and the use of exploratory rehearsals. Aleinikov's writing offers a view of the institutional norms affecting Soviet filmmaking that complements the better-known role of political imperatives and avant-garde experimentation.


The GSP Digest has been produced under the editorship of Alexandra Kaasch with support from the University of Sheffield and the Balsillie School of International Affairs. It has been compiled by Bob Deacon, Alexandra Kaasch (University of Sheffield), Branka Marijan (Wilfrid Laurier University) and Antoni Verger (Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona). A more comprehensive version of the Digest is available on http://www. gsp-observatory.org (which also contains more links on the different topics addressed here and beyond), http://www.icsw.org, www.crop.org and http://www.ilo.org. All the websites referenced were accessible in April 2013. This edition of the Digest covers the period January to mid-April 2013.


The numerical analysis of radio link transmission coefficient on the basis of the electromagnetic model which allowed to consider the partial mismatch of antennas with transmission link, the antenna polarization mismatch, their mutual coupling is presented. The results can be generalized for the case of multiantenna system at the radio link input and output in the analysis of MIMO-channel capacity.


Objective : Anxiety is a warning sign for an upcoming risk and is a common reaction of most people reacting to stressful events. The purpose of this study was to investigate anxiety between undergraduate and postgraduate students in nursing and its relation to their socio-demographic characteristics. Methods : This is a cross-sectional, quantitative study with a study sample of comprised of n = 177 nursing students, n1 = 121 undergraduate students and n2 = 56 postgraduate students.  The collection of the empirical data was carried out using a fully structured and Self-reported questionnaire which recorded their individual characteristics and the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI). The statistical analysis was conducted using the software package SPSS. Results : State anxiety was not found to differ significantly between undergraduate and postgraduate students. While Trait and Total Anxiety differed significantly, showing higher mean levels for undergraduate students. Moreover, the students of the last two years of study had a higher mean level of State Anxiety compared to the students of the first year of study. Conclusions : The majority of undergraduate and postgraduate students showed relatively low levels of anxiety. Animportant factor to predict anxiety in undergraduate students was the year of study, while for the postgraduate students were age and marital status.


Based on the study of its actual well log data,logging attributes and water-flooding mechanism of the study area,the grit water-flooding reservoir can be identified qualitatively by using GR,SP,DT,ML and RT curves.The quantitative identification indexes include the following parameters:gamma ray relative value, ΔGR, is below,the middle value of particles is over 0 24, and the travel time DT is less than 260μs/m.In the process of water-flooding,reservoir porosity and permeability increase,and the coefficient of pore structure reduces,and wettability turns from hydrophobicity or neutrality to weak to strong hydrophicity,and the Archie parameters such as m and n reduce as the resistivity of formation water increases.The salinity ratio of injecting water to in-situ formation is one of the major factors influencing on reservoir resistivity during water-flooding stage.Due to the different salinity of injecting water,relations between formation resistivity and water saturation show nonsymmetrical shapes of "U","L" or "∽".The study results are very helpful for log interpretation of waterflooding formation and establishment of adjustment plan.