conisidered. Here again, as in heart disease, I w-as pleased to find that the results were better thani aniticipated, ann attended with less ill effects than appeared to attend iniduction of miscarriage and labour. Dr. Marshall, w-ho sees these cases over a long period of time, is so satisfied w-itlh the results that he states definitely " that the best results are obtainied by Caesarean section " (meaniing by this the emptying of the uterus by the abdomlinal route at any tim-e of pregniancy). I thiink the number of cases in w-hiclh ani operation is likely to be called for is small, and I still feel that initerference inl any case should be most carefully considered befoie it is unidertaken. I have already mentioned that ceplhalotripsy is becoming ani operation of the past. Curiously enough, we have founid that when obstructed labour occurs calling for destruction of the infant it is more likely to be found in a multipara than in a l rimipara. Every niow and again a womania of about 40 who has had a series of children born w-ithout mishap gets obstruction. This has been explained by saying that the childreni get progressively larger. I know io very satisfactory evidence of this. It may be due to fallinig forwards of the sacral promontory owing to increasing weight of body, and possibly to workinig hard shortly after confinemeints, when the pelvic joinits are still lax. My colleague Mr. McNair suggests that it is due to lack of play in the pelvic joints durinig labour, the joints becoming ankylosed. We have lhad one stuch case recently, in whicih we performed Caesarean sectioln. Time does lnot allow me to go inito the question of contracted pelvis. I might, however, conclude with a few remalks on the subject of induction of labour. If one were to classify obstetricians it would be into those who like induction (or say they do) and those whio franikly do not. I put myself in the second class. In theory nothing is simpler. For some reason or another it is decided to induce labour at the thirty-sixth week. Wlhen this time arrives a few bougies are introduced into the uterus, anid in twenty-four hours laboulr starts and the child is born without furtlher anxiety. This assumes two things-that we know exactly when the thirty-sixth week has arrived, and that the infant is going to remain the same in size as on the preceding occasion. These assumptionis being fallacious, we have to fall back in addition on the rather difficult procedure of estimating the relative sizes of the child's head and the pelvis. IIn somo cases we find ourselves inducing earlier than we initenided, and possibly lose the child from prematurity; in otlhers we have a shrewd suspicion that induction has coinicided with labour at term. In one case labour comes off w-itlh such ridiculous ease that we wish we had waited for labour at full term; in another we meet with miore difficulty tlhan we anticipated, and perhaps lose the child. ,,Further, instead of labour coming on shortly after the initroduction of bougies, it often hangs on for a week or more, to the anxiety of the doctor, the discomfort of the patieiit, anid the mental distress of the relatives, who will not be conivinced that everythling is right. This operation is, as far as I canl gather, an essentially English one, and perhaps the most uncertain and uncomfortable one we possess. The margin of cases suitable for induction is very small anid nionie too easy to detect. Perhaps its most importanit indic ation is in post-maturity. I have always preferred, where possible, to go to full term. It is curious in what a iiumiiber of cases in which one was tempted to induce labour, the pregnancy is terminated without undue difficulty. In the few remaining one can wait till labour starts, if nlecessary, and, satisfactory progress not being made, plwrform Caesarean section; and I do not believe that manyv of these cases would have proved satisfactory if induction lhad been performed earlier as an alternative. As I remarked, I am in a position at the present time to make a few scattered remarks onily, and these mainly ill reference to recent experience in heart and lung cases. I feel certainl, howrever, that the establishmIlent of these centres hlas already proved of very great value to us, anld that they will enable us in the future to worki out the mnaln difficult problems that still confronlt us in obstetric practice. THE THYROID AND IANGANESE TREATMENT IN VARIOUS DISEASES.


Does peritoneal rest (PR) facilitate recovery of the peritoneal membrane in patients who have developed ultrafiltration failure (UFF)? This question is explored through a 25-year retrospective analysis from Madrid (de Sousa et al.) that compared periods of PR used as treatment for UFF with episodes of PR mandated by other indications such as abdominal surgery. Raymond Krediet, in his excellent accompanying commentary, examines the significance of these observations, taking the opportunity to review the pathogenesis and clinical evaluation of UFF. The Madrid investigators found that PR may be beneficial early on in the development of UFF, but not once it has become established. They hypothesize that its use may interrupt the process of epidermal-mesenchymal transformation, considered to be important in the development of peritoneal membrane change, possibly allowing its reversal. Although no direct evidence for this is presented in the study, the reverse process is recognized as mesenchymal-epithelial transition and illustrates the inherent plasticity of the epithelial phenotype (1). A large cohort study of 9,244 peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients linking the DaVita database to the US Renal Data System analyzes the relationship between both time-averaged serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and parathyroid hormone (PTH) and survival among PD patients (Rhee et al.). Importantly, higher ALP levels associate more closely with poorer survival in patients on PD than does PTH. Lamb and Delany (accompanying commentary) discuss the limitations of ALP as a bone marker since it exists in several isoforms, mostly unrelated to bone. At the same time, the role of PTH in the diagnosis of chronic kidney disease mineral bone disorder is questioned since its interpretation is complicated by multiple factors including difficulties with measurement. Bone specific ALP has the potential to relate much more closely to clinical outcome. The relative costs of PD compared with HD vary considerably internationally, subject to a wide range of economic and health service-related factors. A recent comprehensive evaluation of this topic concluded that PD is a more affordable modality in most health care systems, although a key factor is access to low-cost PD equipment, either through local production or low import duties (2). If PD utilization is to be effective, it generally requires governmental involvement to plan and promote the modality. In the US, Medicare implemented a bundled payment in 2011 in order to better manage dialysis costs and this has lead to an increase in uptake of PD (3). A paper by Liu et al. in this issue of PDI uses a budget impact model to estimate the financial impact on Medicare of the changes in the distribution of dialysis modality selection under the new prospective payment system. Youssof and O'Donoghue discuss the difficulties of capturing true health care costs, observing that financial incentives in health care should be directed to improve patient outcomes, rather than simply focusing on reducing costs. However, the challenge is to identify measures that reflect true patient outcomes across the whole patient pathway. Increasing access to PD should be driven by evidence of its benefit to patient experience rather than primarily a desire to reduce costs. It is therefore important that prominence should be given to the patient voice. In this issue of the journal, Helen Hurst and colleagues present work on the patient experience of living with encapsulating peritoneal sclerosis (EPS). They conducted interviews with 9 patients who had undergone peritoneal surgery for the condition at a specialist referral center, opening with the question, "Tell me about your experience of EPS." A key theme that emerged was the distress associated with "not being heard," during the commonly experienced diagnostic delay. Other aspects presented included: coming to terms with the diagnosis; the faith placed in the surgeon; and enduring the long period of post-operative recovery and rehabilitation. Using patient experience to direct research allows priority to be given to topics that matter to patients, but that clinicians may not otherwise have prioritized. This principle is as important whether the research is on cellular processes, biochemical parameters, or macroeconomic policy.


(see paper for full abstract)
Cut problems and connectivity problems on digraphs are two well-studied classes of problems from the viewpoint of parameterized complexity. After a series of papers over the last decade, we now have (almost) tight bounds for the running time of several standard variants of these problems parameterized by two parameters: the number $k$ of terminals and the size $p$ of the solution. When there is evidence of FPT intractability, then the next natural alternative is to consider FPT approximations. In this paper, we show two types of results for several directed cut and connectivity problems, building on existing results from the literature: first is to circumvent the hardness results for these problems by designing FPT approximation algorithms, or alternatively strengthen the existing hardness results by creating "gap-instances" under stronger hypotheses such as the (Gap-)Exponential Time Hypothesis (ETH).


Males of the screwworm fly, Cochliomyia hominivorax (Coquerel), were sexually stimulated by the chemical attractant swormlure-2, reaching a significant level of sexual response when 3 d old. Females started responding when 2 d old, but their responses did not appear to be sexually related. Males responded strongly to stimulation by some of the individual components of swormlure-2, namely sec -butyl alcohol, butyric acid, valeric acid, p -cresol, and indole. Females responded strongly to stimulation by dimethyl disulfide, p -cresol, and acetic acid. The biological significance of swormlure-2 in the behavior of screwworm flies is perhaps that it mimics the odor of an aggregation site (flowers).


Zygmunt Zdrojewicz1, Damian Pypno2, Bartosz Bugaj2, Aleksandra Burzyńska3 © Pediatr Med Rodz 2017, 13 (1), p. 63–71 © Medical Communications Sp. z o.o. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives License (CC BY-NC-ND). Reproduction is permitted for personal, educational, non-commercial use, provided that the original article is in whole, unmodified, and properly cited. DOI: 10.15557/PiMR.2017.0006 Received: 06.05.2016 Accepted: 09.11.2016 Published: 31.03.2017 Zygmunt Zdrojewicz, Damian Pypno, Bartosz Bugaj, Aleksandra Burzyńska


The present invention relates to a method for adaptive streaming client device receiving the content and the content is divided into blocks corresponding to the duration of these blocks are encoded into at least first and second format on the server, the first format better than the content presentation quality level corresponding to the second format, is received in the block during block reception period. According to the present invention, the method comprising the steps of: a block of bandwidth available for the next reception period measured between the client and the server, the server sends a request in a format coded block so that the block may be received during the next period and a receiving block If some of the bandwidth is available for the next block is a reception period, then the request is sent to the server portion of the block coded second format to the first format encoded block has been received.


Ad hoc networks are self-organized wireless networks that can be set up in a fully distributed fashion without the assistance of wired centralized infrastructure. Such networks capture a lot of interest among research community and standardization bodies for almost the last decade. For the time being, the evaluation of such application deployed over ad hoc networks is done almost through simulation which did not reflect their real behavior. Our intent is therefore to cope with this shortcoming and to evaluate accurately on a real environment the performance of a video streaming application running in ad hoc networks. This paper presents the results of an experiment, conducted in fall 2006, in the "city of telecoms". The latter is museum which where innovative applications in the area of telecommunication are presented to public. This experiment aims at evaluating for the video streaming application the network performance metrics as the link stability, the packet loss, delay... The objective was to determine the potential suitability and profitability of the deployment of video streaming application over an ad hoc network.


The micro-lead in the sample which come from water treatment chemical poly aluminium chloride were determined by hydride generation-ICP-AES.The work conditions of ICP spectrometer were optimized.The detection limit is 0.05mg/kg,the recovery of the method is in the range of 97%—108%.The result is satisfactory.


Cloud training platforms, such as Amazon Web Services and Huawei Cloud provide users with computational resources to train their deep learning jobs. Elastic training is a service embedded in cloud training platforms that dynamically scales up or down the resources allocated to a job. The core technique of an elastic training system is to best allocate limited resources among heterogeneous jobs in terms of shorter queueing delay and higher training efficiency. This paper presents an optimal resource allocator for elastic training system that leverages a mixed-integer programming (MIP) model to maximize the training progress of deep learning jobs. We take advantage of the real-world job data obtained from ModelArts, the deep learning training platform of Huawei Cloud and conduct simulation experiments to compare the optimal resource allocator with a greedy one as benchmark. Numerical results show that the proposed allocator can reduce queuing time by up to 32% and accelerate training efficiency by up to 24% relative to the greedy resource allocator, thereby greatly improving user experience with Huawei ModelArts and potentially enabling the realization of higher profits for the product. Also, the optimal resource allocator is fast in decision-making, taking merely 0.4 seconds on average.


Withania somnifera better known as Ashwagandha or Indian Ginseng is one of the most privileged medici- nal plant of India. The plant is utilized in treatment of various ailments and diseases. Due to excessive harvest- ing of the plant from natural habitat to fulfill demand of pharmaceuticals and considerably poor germination rate has collaboratively rendered the plant endangered. Hence in vitro micropropagation studies become essential for mass propagation and conservation of the plant. The present report describes the role of TDZ in induction of multiple shoots from nodal segment culture of W. somnifera. Lower concentration of TDZ (2-5µm) induced direct shoot bud regeneration however, higher concentration (8-20µm) initiated cal- lusing followed by shoot bud regeneration. Shoot bud elongated onto MS basal medium. In the same study TDZ also induced in vitro flowering from nodal segment cultures.


The article discusses the economic potential of the Karabakh and Eastern Zangazur regions of Azerbaijan, which were recently liberated from occupation. The region is rich in natural resources such as minerals, fresh water, and mineral springs, which have the potential to attract significant domestic and foreign investment. The article suggests that the development of the region's economy should be based on public-private partnerships in six main areas: mining, light and food industry, agriculture, green energy, transportation, and tourism. The article also notes that the restoration and development of the region's infrastructure will require significant investment


We have studied resonance Raman scattering of the self-trapped exciton (STE) in NaCl tuned to the ${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\sigma}}}_{\mathrm{g}}$\ensuremath{\rightarrow}${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\sigma}}}_{\mathrm{u}}$ hole transition and to the 1s\ensuremath{\rightarrow}2p electron transition. The former spectrum is characterized by a sharp line at 366 ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}1}$, which coincides with the stretching-vibration frequency of the H center, while the latter is characterized by broad bands, similar to that of the F center, situated below the LO phonon frequency. The result provides evidence that the STE is essentially an interacting F-H pair.


OF ALL THE would-be pharmaceutical agents that academic researchers study, very few turn into commercial medications. Even fewer still generate millions of dollars for the drugs' discoverers and their universities. And for a university to land a drug-related windfall at the next level up—in the billion-dollar blockbuster range—is all but unheard of. Yet Northwestern University stands to bring in that kind of wealth from its royalties on Lyrica, a pain and epilepsy medication recently commercialized by drug giant Pfizer. Although Lyrica only became available on the U.S. market at the end of 2005, Northwestern has already drawn hundreds of millions of dollars from the drug. For example, the university collected more than $70 million from Lyrica sales in 2006, and this past December, Northwestern announced it had sold rights to a portion of its Lyrica royalties to New York City-based Royalty Pharma for $700 million. "Essentially, we are converting a potential stream of future royalty ...


Current economic conditions in Russia as well as in other countries are characterized by increased competition on the one hand and scarcity of resources on the other. Consequently, company management is in constant search for new management tools that can respond adequately to changes in the external and internal environment. Changes in business practices stipulate the development of new approaches to company management that guarantee efficiency and competitiveness of companies. Thus, the concept of company value management appeared in management theory and practice. Implementation of this concept predetermined the formation of management techniques integrated in the value approach. The main idea of value approach is that the strategic aim and criteria of company success are determined by the company's value (its capitalization) that reflects the perspectives of owners' growth in prosperity. Thus, primarily, company owners are interested in the development of value management methods. Still, the techniques of owners' influence on managerial efficiency and, eventually, on the company's value are formed by combination of the following factors: legal form of organization, form of ownership, type of economic activity, degree of legislation regulation, level of social responsiveness, priority for national and regional economies. Due to the fact that these factors in all their complexity, in the author's opinion, should be considered in the implementation of the value approach, a theoretical and methodological basis of value management relating to the activities of consumer cooperatives was formed. The main idea and purpose of the research, the results of which are presented in this article, is to develop a theoretical and methodological framework of cooperative organizations' value management that provides enhancement of company performance and harmony of social and entrepreneurial efficiency of cooperative organizations. In the course of research the author used general scientific methods of analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction, comparison, method of system approach and modeling techniques. As a result of the research, the author defined socio-economic potential, substantiated logic and methodology of cooperative organizations value management. The author's definition of socioeconomic potential differs from the traditional one by inclusion of social resources in it and by focusing on satisfying the needs of shareholders, staff and society. Logic of cost management in consumer cooperation, as opposed to traditional approaches, is based on interrelation of assets and in-house financing sources of corporate operations and implies a new criterion of corporate value increment.


In the article we discussed the process of young consumers' shopping behaviour. We focused on information behaviour awareness when choosing clothes. When purchasing clothes fundamental information sources are: commercial advertisements on TV and radio, fashion magazines and catalogue sales, shop windows, commercial mail in your mailbox, friends and acquaintances, billboards along roads and on streets as well modern web media (Facebook, Twitter, Google). We compared the results of the research conducted in 1999, 2011 and 2021. We found differences in information behaviour in the examined years. In 1999, young people most frequently used the following sources when selecting clothes: catalogue sales, shop windows, friends and acquaintances as well as commercials on TV. In 2011, the biggest impact on deciding what to purchase had friends and acquaintances, shop windows and commercial mail in the mailbox. In 2021, the biggest impact had the websites of clothes producers, friends and acquaintances as well as modern social media (Facebook, Instagram, Twitter, TikTok) when choosing what clothes to buy.


In Pakistan, the most essential task is to produce sufficient and healthy food for the ever growing population. Therefore, to fulfill the food requirements of population high yielding varieties are being cultivated that requires high unites of fertilizers and pesticides. This combination has helped the country develop a food surplus, as well as contributing to alarms of soil health, environmental pollution, pesticide toxicity and sustainability in agricultural productivity. International scientists, organizations and policy makers are emphasizing on high yield and good quality of agricultural produce on continuous basis. Through organic farming high quality food could be produced without effecting the environment; however, a concern is whether large-scale organic farming will produce enough food for ever increasing population of Pakistan. Various organic products comprising rice, wheat, pulses, spices, oilseeds, fruits, vegetables, cereals, medicinal plants and value-added products are produced in Pakistan. The production of these organic crops and products is reviewed with regard to sustainable organic farming in Pakistan.


Within the frame of the European Research Action COST-720, "Integrated Ground-based Remote-Sensing Stations for Atmospheric Profiling" and in connection with the WMO GEWEX Working Group on Cloud and Aerosol Profiling "GEWEX CAP" the Richard-Aßmann Observatory of the German Meteorological Service DWD, in Lindenberg (Germany) had realized the international campaign LAUNCH-2005 in late summer/early fall, last year. LAUNCH-2005 has been designed to accomplish four major scientific objectives: 1. Assessment of new or improved profiling systems like water-vapor lidars, cloud-radar systems, various microwave profiler systems, a Doppler wind lidar, a new single-photon counting high-range ceilometer, or the re-designed FTIR spectrometer EISAR, 2. assessment of various algorithms, combining different techniques for profiling of cloud parameters, 3. provision of a data set, designed for validation and comparisons between measurements and NWP output, and 4. provision of a data set for data assimilation experiments using high-resolution water-vapor profiling systems in regional NWP modelling. The paper gives a brief overview on the campaign itself, and will show selected results to the different scientific objectives. Special emphasis will here be laid on the assessment of new systems in comparison with other remote-sensing and in-situ measuring systems. In particular, the new quasi-operational water-vapour Raman lidar system at Lindenberg Observatory will be shown. A second emphasis is laid on the objective of combining various profiling techniques in integrated algorithms, the so-called "integrated profiling". In this respect, we will summarize the LAUNCH-2005 intercomparison of various algorithms for improved liquidwater content profiling, being an highly important variable for forecast-model validation demanded from the NWP community. Final examples will then give an overview on first simulations using the water-vapor profiling network of LAUNCH-2005 in the frame of data assimilation experiments. 1. Assessment of basic techniques and algorithms Current measurement techniques for atmospheric profiling all have their advantages but also deficits with respect to accuracy, resolution (time and height), all-weather capabilities, cost and/or maintenance. With respect to new or improved techniques, it is therefore important to assess these with regard to their capabilities in those fields. Under this scope, several new profiling systems have been used during LAUNCH-2005. Apart from a number of profiling systems already mentioned in the introduction, the campaign made particular use of various water-vapour lidars and microwave profiler systems, both at simultaneous measurements for independent validation purposes side by side, and by using this technique in the frame of small networks. In this frame, also the new, fully-autonomous water-vapour Raman-lidar system Table 1: RAMSES beamsplitters and filters. Receiver near field far field Channel wavelength 354.7 nm 386.5 nm 407.5 nm 354.7 nm 386.5 nm 407.5 nm Dichroic beamsplitter 1, reflectivity 1.6% 0.7% >99% 1.6% 0.7% >99% Dichroic beamsplitter 2, reflectivity 0.3% >99% – 0.3% >99% – Interference filter bandwidth (FWHM) 1.95 nm 2.08 nm 1.78 nm 1.98 nm 2.08 nm 1.74 nm Interference filter transmission 58% 78% 84% 60% 86% 88% RAMSES of the German Meteorological Service at the Richard-Aßmann Observatory Lindenberg, Germany, has proven its night-time capabilities in a first campaign. Fig.-1a shows the system, which is housed in a standard 20ft container at the Observatory. The external chillers and heat exchangers for air conditioning and laser cooling are installed in a shed attached to the container. The container's interior is divided into a temperature-stabilized instrument cabin and a room for the operators. In the instrument cabin, the optical bench with the laser and the transmitter optics, the thermally insulated telescope hall, and the optical bench with the lidar receivers are mounted on a single, solid three-leg structure to shield the measurement system from vibrations. The telescope hall is covered with an autonomously-operating hatch which, independently of the system control computer, terminates lidar operation and seals the container in case the redundant environmental sensors signal precipitation or unacceptably high levels of sunlight. This approach ensures that the lidar is protected from adverse ambient conditions even if the computerized system control fails. Fig.-1a (left): The Raman lidar system RAMSES at the Richard-Aßmann Observatory of the DWD in Lindenberg, Germany Fig.-1b (right): Time series of mixing ratio (0 –6 g/kg, top) and relative humidity (0 – 85%, bottom) observed over Lindenberg, Germany, in the night of 30–31 October 2005. The time resolution is 10 minutes, the height resolution ranges from 67.5 m to 307.5 m. Fig.-1b gives a measurement example from LAUNCH-2005, with system-generated time-height cross sections of atmospheric humidity from sunset to sunrise on 30–31 October 2005 as observed with RAMSES. During LAUNCH-2005 it turned out that the new lidar system is capable to reliably provide atmospheric humidity profiles in reference quality for validation of other systems, e.g. passive or satellite sensors. 2. Assessment of algorithms for integrated profiling. Vertical profiling with improved data quality or resolution can be reached by using combinations of single profiling techniques like e.g. microwave profilers, cloud radar or lidar systems. During LAUNCH-2005, special attention in this field was focussed to profiles of the liquid-water content in the atmosphere by an intercomparison and evaluation of methods using a microwave profiler standalone together with an infrared pyrometer, a combination of microwave profiler and ceilometer, an adiabatic approach, a cloud radar lidar combination, or the so-called "integrated profiling technique" (IPT). It resulted that both, cloud radar lidar and the IPT perform best, in particular when looking at the standard deviation (STD) of the LWC. The STD for this parameter shows a range of about 50-70% of the mean for the LWC, described best by the latter two algorithms. 3. Observation system experiments using networks of water-vapour lidars and conclusions In order to get an impression on what a small network of stationary, short-period but high-quality, and high timeresolution profiling systems are capable to provide to NWP, two NWP modelling groups made first observation system experiments from LAUNCH-2005 data. First and preliminary results up to now show, that a positive impact on the NWP model output can be seen. The results from comparisons of vertical humidity profiles with or without lidar data assimilation imply that a considerable improvement in model output is achieved. However, more detailed investigations and evaluation of LAUNCH-2005 have still to be done in order to confirm and generalize this preliminary result from very-first OSEs.


Objective To evaluate the effects of 5-HT on noxiously-evoked activities of wide dynamic range(WDR) neurons in the spinal dorsal horn of intact male SD rats.Methods Microelectrode extracellular recordings were used to observe the WDR neuron discharge frequency changes before and after the use of different doses of 5-HT(12.5 μg/4 μl, 25 μg/4 μl, 50 μg/4 μl) on the animal hind paw. The mechanism of the antinociceptive effect of 5-HT was investigated by use of methysergide and the antagonist of 5-HT receptor. Results ① The unit discharge frequency of WDR neurons was significantly decreased after noxious stimulation at different doses of 5-HT; ② The effects of 5-HT on the noxious stimulation evoked activity of WDR neurons were partially reversed by methysergide. Conclusion 5-HT can dose-dependently suppress noxiously-evoked activity of WDR neurons in dorsal horn, which is likely to be mediated by 5-HT receptors. The tonic activity of 5-HT in spiual cord of rats is detected.


This article introduces basic structure and character of B/S mode, also introduces it's advantages,analyses the design and development of the OA System Based on B/S Mode.


The purpose of this qualitative study was to explore and describe how black women cope with the angry black woman stereotype. Past research on black women's anger indicated there is much psychological stress that comes with the perpetuation of the stereotype. Research questions are as followed: How do black women cope with the angry black woman narrative? What is the emerging story of the angry black women stereotype? Who are the players in this narrative? The research was conducted by way of the narrative approach to chronologically analyze the lived experiences of each participant. The sampling strategy was purposeful sampling through maximum variation. The data collection included interviews and observations. Validation strategies included member checking and rich thick descriptions. Biases were bracketed and reflexive which established dependability. Results revealed the following themes: Perpetuation, healing, and changing the narrative. Participant narratives of the 9 participants--3 black male, 3 young adult black women, and 3 older black women, indicated that 'perpetuation of the stereotype' was continued through the media and colorism; 'healing' starts with black women allowing other black women to simply exist ; and leading to 'changing the narrative' by not categorizing black women as angry. Implications of the results for future studies include creating a forum for only black women to participate in conversations that lead to the debunking of the stereotype. The results of this study can contribute to the field of social and experimental psychology and help initiate positive change for black women and the African American community.


Needle insertion procedures are a commonly used form of minimally invasive surgery. These procedures are used for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. Image guidance is expected to improve targeting accuracy. In this study, an image-guided control algorithm is developed to robotically steer flexible needles with a bevel tip. The steering algorithm is based on assuming that needles with bevel tip will follow a circular path during insertion into a soft tissue phantom. A two-dimensional realtime needle tracking algorithm developed to determine the needle tip location and deflection during insertion. Keyword(s): medical imaging


Hammarsten [1872, 1874, 1877] first demonstrated that the rennin action on caseinogen was specific and independent of the action of the calcium salts. His explanation was that the caseinogen molecule was split up into a large molecule (Ruase) and a smaller one (Molkeneiweiss). The "Kiise" was rendered insoluble by the presence of soluble calcium salts and formed the clot. Since then little has been done to determine the chemistry of the clotting process, and our knowledge of this branch -of the subject has up till recently been untouched by investigators. The recent literature contains views which contradict the theory advanced by Hammarsten. Schryver [1913, 1 and 2] and Mellanby [1913] both consider that the rennin clot is probably a combination of enzyme and protein, and Schryver states definitely that rennin alone causes no proteoclastic change. Bosworth [1913] has found that the rennin does not split off any nitrogen from the caseinogen which remains in solution when the casein is precipitated by dilute acetic acid. The protein molecule has therefore undergone no cleavage into its components. This, considered in connection with the results of his earlier work with van Slyke [1913], leads him to believe that the ferment breaks up the caseinogen molecule into two molecules of casein each halfthe size of the original molecule. In the case of basic calcium caseinogenate (containing 4 equivalents of calcium) the casein produced is soluble in water but is rendered insoluble By the presence of small quantities of calcium chloride. The caseinogenate containing two equivalents of calcium gives a casein insoluble in water'.


Abstract. Karyotypes of Dremomys pernyi from Kanding, Sichuan Province, China and D. pyrrhomerus from Nanling, Guangdong Province, China were examined. The karyotype of D. pernyi was of 2n = 40 and FNa = 72, while that of D. pyrrhomerus was of 2n = 38 and FNa = 70. Karyotype of D. pernyi from Kanding was different in 2n and FNa from reported karyotype of conspecific population from Taiwan, and it is suggested that the Taiwan population represents a distinct species D. owstoni from D. pernyi. The difference between karyotypes of D. pernyi and D. pyrrhomerus may involve at least a Robertsonian rearrangement and a heterochromatin addition.


Green accounting also known as environmental accounting is a new branch of accounting which is concerned with accounting for nature. Environmental costs and benefits are recorded both in monetary and non monetary terms.It is now mounting field focused on factors like resource management and environmental impact, as well to company's revenue and expenses.Rising concern for environmental degradation, which is taking place mainly in form of pollution of various types like water, air sound, soil erosion, deforestationetc, have witnessed in recent years. Even though Indian corporate commence  rules and regulations with regard to environmental protection, till now no clear cut policies are framed and formulated at the National, State or even at the company level, for ensuring the level of compliance to environmental norms. Green accounting will help the organization to identify the resource utilization and incurred cost. Green accounting and reporting in India is in developing stage both at corporate level and at the national level. The present paper concentrates on understanding the concept of green accounting.


Many Holarctic bird species have been shown to be laying progressively earlier in response to global warming. Most studies have been conducted on small-bodied species at northern latitudes. In Italy, black kite Milvus migrans populations are concentrated near large pre-Alpine lakes, whose water temperatures have been increasing steadily in recent decades. Annual black kite laying dates have become 10–11 days earlier during the last nine years. This shift was related to temporal variations in spring air temperatures, with earlier laying in warmer springs. The progressive advancement in laying dates was not associated with an increase in population level productivity, despite the fact that productivity declined with laying date at the individual territory level within years. Avian response to climate change may be occurring more rapidly than previously thought, even in relatively long-lived species, and not only at the most northern latitudes or highest elevations. Because this change has occurred so rapidly, and because laying dates match annual variations in spring temperatures, the response must be facultatively driven by prevailing conditions, rather than genetic in response to natural selection.


The main objective in developing the new SpDrS 600 signal-cab was to obtain a route protection system of particularly high availability together with accelerated operating sequences. Decisive in this respect are not only the circuitry requirements but also such aspects as planning, design, construction, acceptance procedure and maintenance, and these are accordingly discussed in this report. The individual complexes were, on the basis of experience, considered in accordance with qualitative and -- where already possible -- quantitative criteria. It can be stated here that the development objectives were achieved and that the DB has been provided with an efficient signalling system of high availability. During the next twelve months further SpDrS signal cabins will be added to the system until 850 are in operation.


The invention discloses a one-dimensional nanowire preparation method. The method includes the following steps that firstly, SiO powder is placed in a heat-resistant container, and then the heat-resistant container is placed in a heating area of a closed heating device; secondly, a clean molybdenum screen is placed in another high-temperature-resistant container, and the high-temperature-resistant container is placed in a non-heating area of the closed heating device; thirdly, pressure in the closed heating device is reduced; fourthly, protective gas is introduced into the closed heating device; fifthly, the temperature of the heating device is raised to 1200-1300 DEG C for reaction; sixthly, after reaction, the heating device is naturally cooled. The method is high in silicon nanowire crystallinity, easy to operate, high in repeatability and high in controllability.


"Equivalent grain size (EGS) method" is a unique approach to represent the top seal capacity in terms of the ideal grain size. Theoretical consideration of the capillary seals suggests that the capillary pressure, which controls the seal capacity, depends on the size of the pore-throat. The EGS method uses the pore-throat size calculated from known or measurable parameters, such as hydrocarbon column height, fluid densities, contact angle, and interfacial tension. Furthermore, the pore-throat size can be converted to porosity and the grain size by the experimentally derived function.Gas, which is less than oil in density, behaves to migrate above the oil column in a trap. Consequently, only gas would be entrapped in such a trap where the trap height is smaller than the maximum gas column height which can be held by top seal capacity, whereas such a trap where the trap height is larger than the maximum oil column height would be dominated by oil. This point of view and case studies in this paper demonstrate that the relationship between the trap height and the top seal capacity plays also important role to determine the hydrocarbon fill (oil or gas) as well as the geochemical factors.Thus, the EGS method can provide new insights into understanding hydrocarbon fill patterns in fields and prospects.


This article aimed to design and develop Professional Learning Communities (PLCs) model and a questionnaire survey instrument for Malaysian schools using Fuzzy Delphi Method (FDM) in the Design and Development Research (DDR). In Phase 1, literature on PLCs was reviewed to identify the needs of the professional learning communities' model according to the local context. In Phase 2, an agreement of 14 experts on the questionnaire was obtained from FDM. In Phase 3, the evaluation of the questionnaire by 5 experts to assess the questionnaire's usability was gathered. Based on the final results, a total of 121 items was accepted. The agreement of the experts was between (90% to 100%) and the value of the threshold, d was between (0.09 – 0.18). In conclusion, FDM in DDR is significant to be applied in the development of a model, practical and cost-saving.


B iology is a science of three dimensions. The first is the study of each species across all levels of biological organization, molecule to cell to organism to population to ecosystem. The second dimension is the diversity of all species in the biosphere. The third dimension is the history of each species in turn, comprising both its genetic evolution and the environmental change that drove the evolution. Biology, by growing in all three dimensions, is progressing toward unification and will continue to do so. A large part of the future of biology depends on interdisciplinary studies that allow easy travel across the three dimensions.

Molecular and cellular biology, the subdisciplines of maximum support and activity today, occupy the two lowest levels of biological organization. They are focused on the first dimension in a small set of model species, selected primarily for their ease of culturing and the special traits that make them amenable for different kinds of analysis. The triumph of molecular and cellular biology has been the documentation of one of the two overarching principles of biology: that all living phenomena are obedient to the laws of physics and chemistry. The other overarching principle of biology is that all living phenomena originated and evolved by natural selection. That, in turn, has been the triumph of organismic and evolutionary biology.

Viewed in the framework of the history of biology, the subdisciplines of molecular and cellular biology are in the natural history period of their development. This perhaps surprising characterization can be clarified with the following metaphor. The cell is a system consisting of a very large number of interacting elements and processes. It can be compared to a conventional ecosystem, such as a lake or forest, in this sense: Researchers …


It is demonstrated that a wing of the Hofstadter diagram calculated for the tightly-bound s-electrons in the simple cubic lattice can be reproduced by the dispersion figure of the wave-vector square considered for the electron states of the same lattice, on the condition that the states having equal energies are taken into account. The dispersion splitting increases systematically with the distance of the states from the Brillouin zone center. A similar wing due to dispersion of the electron momentum is calculated also for the s-electron states in the body-centered cubic lattice.


Bibliometric and scientometric study that identified and characterized the nursing publications regarding radiotherapy and brachytherapy in Brazil. Data collection was performed in August 2013, with search in the Nursing Database, Latin American Literature in Health Sciences, Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online and Scientific Electronic Library Online, using the descriptors "nursing", "radiotherapy" and "brachytherapy". It included 30 publications analyzed by simple descriptive statistics and the results showed that 43.33% of knowledge was produced by M.Sc. graduates and students, mostly linked to educational institutions in the Southeast; 56.66% published in journals classified as strata A1 and B1; 20% covered prevention, identification and treatment of complications and side effects; the studies were predominantly qualitative. The production of knowledge in the investigated area is incipient; therefore, there is the need for more research to improve the care to people subject to these treatment modalities.


This study investigates the interaction pattern in SMAN 1 Curup Kota, based on Coulthard theory (2002). This study analyzed the interaction pattern and type of act used by teacher and students to see the ideal pattern in the classroom. The data analysis shows that (a) the dominant pattern used in the classroom is complete pattern (IRF) and there are also semi-complete pattern (IR) and incomplete pattern (IF); (b) In the type of acts section, the elicitation is the highest followed by informative and starter in the initiation move,  reply as the highest act in the response move, and in the follow up accept as the highest followed by comment. It can be concluded that interaction pattern in the classroom is dominantly occured is ideal pattern but it's not good interaction pattern because delimit student opportunity in the classroom.


The nature of low-frequency electromagnetic fields sources of low-frequency fields natural sources of exposure the coupling of electromagnetic fields to the body natural sources of noise observed interactions with electromagnetic fields questions for future research.


Abstract A local existence and uniqueness result is proved for the three-dimensional Euler-Poisson system without a pressure term which arises in plasma physics.


Ecological theories of emotional disturbance emphasize the interactions between the child's unique characteristics and reactions of others to those features as critical components in defining disturbance. In this study, regular classroom teachers with different levels of tolerance for immature behaviors were asked to rate a hypothetical child thought to exhibit immature or defiant behaviors. An analyses of of the teachers' ratings of the child's likelihood of success in a regular classroom suggested that tolerance was influential in the teachers' decisions regarding the child. The implications of the results are discussed with regard to assumptions underlying ecological theory, and as support for the potential benefits of ecological matching of teachers and children.1


The hydrological relationships of temporary freshwater rockpools of the Maltese Islands were investigated over a period of seven years, from 2001 to 2008. Hydrological, morphometric and meteorological data collected during the first six years of the study (wet seasons of 2001/2002 to 2006/2007) were used to construct simple models predicting the values of three hydroperiod indicators (number of hydroperiods each year, duration of longest hydroperiod and hydroperiod index).


AbstractTwo methods for avoiding errors in the interpolation of operational radar data to a regular grid are presented. The issue is the interpolation of radial velocity and the subsequent estimation of horizontal wind components. It is shown how a vertical gradient of the horizontal wind in combination with gaps of data between scans with different elevation angles affect the interpolation. Simulated radar data for the radar configuration covering the Munich airport in southern Germany are used for illustration. The origin of the abovementioned errors is explained using simplified wind fields. With wind fields generated by the German nonhydrostatic atmospheric prediction model COSMO-DE, the effectiveness of the methods is presented. Both methods contribute to a reduction in interpolation error—by 44% and 35%, respectively—compared to a standard interpolation scheme used for many operational radar configurations.


: ZnO NPs (Zinc oxide nanoparticles) have variety of properties such as anti inflammatory, antifungal, antibacterial, anti-diabetic, wound healing and antioxidant. Green production techniques with the usage of alga, bacterium, fungus, plant etc. have been recently used worldwide. This is because the production of nanoparticles via chemical and physical ways includes hazardous substances, as well as having risky laboratory conditions. The review highlights the different synthesis techniques of ZnO NPs with a focus on the biosynthesis (green method) from various biological sources.


The display device is a thin film transistor panel and the along the edge region of the panel assembly, the panel assembly comprising a common electrode panel facing is formed on the common electrode panel opposite to the AC electrode, wherein the AC electrode which is applied with an AC voltage a signal control unit for transmitting a control signal for driving the thin film transistors are formed in the panel fixed electrode is applied with a common voltage, an AC voltage generator configured to pass an alternating current voltage to the alternating-current electrode, and the alternating-current voltage generating portion parts generated by the AC voltage and wherein said control signal is generated when the ambient temperature is higher than the critical temperature. It is possible to improve the uneven edge of a display device that can occur at high temperatures.


AbstractTraditional as well as modern Chinese called for respect of the aged. Older people were respected and regarded as sources of wisdom. As the old Chinese proverb said: "Those who do not take elders' advice, soon will suffer loss." In the rural community the elders served as moral leaders and as legal advisers, and they were asked to conduct religious ceremonies. They were also called upon to settle minor disputes concerning marriage, land and other matters. The Ming founder was well aware of this traditional status of elders and made good use of it.


We describe an iterative simulated-annealing algorithm for designing arbitrary quasi-phasematched nonlinear crystals capable of producing second-harmonic pulses of any chosen amplitude and phase profile.


The results from mastering the technology of burning Kansk-Achinsk coals in boiler units are presented. Type E-500 and P-67 boilers with low-temperature combustion have been created in order to burn Berezovo coal. Presently, they are the only boilers than can burn these coals. Methods for reducing the emissions of detrimental substances into the atmosphere are considered. A technology is proposed that employs high-temperature preheating and staged combustion of the coal powder.


General equations were derived describing all relations between the absorption and radiation spectra of polyatomic molecules with modulated spectra. The equations hold true for simple polyatomic molecules which retain their spectral structure and for complex molecules in which strong interactions between normal oscillations align the oscillation systems in normal or excited electron states and in which spectral symmetry presents a certain finite regularity. (R.V.J.)


The surf clam Mactra veneriformis is one of the important fishery resources in Korea. Its yields have recently been decreased due to environmental changes such as water levels, temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen, pH, etc. In particular, exposure to air during low tides may have been a contributing factor. This study was carried out to examine the immune functions of the surf clam when it undergoes anoxic stress from air exposure for 24, 48, and 72 h. Some of the air-exposed clams were also examined after recovering for 24 h in aerated seawater. The total hemocyte count (THC), phagocytic activity, lysozyme activity, phenoloxidase (PO) activity, and nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) reduction were assessed in both air-exposed and exposed-recovered groups. Air exposure, regardless of the period, induced significant decreases in the THC, phagocytic rate, lysozyme activity, PO activity, and NBT reduction. However, air exposure elicited no significant change in the THC. Clams exposed for 24 h and returned to seawater had almost fully recovered within 24 h. However, partial recovery was observed only in the THC and PO levels after 48 h of exposure followed by a 24 h recovery period. The present study demonstrates that air-exposure-induced anoxia compromises immunological functions in M. veneriformis, and the effects cannot be ameliorated if the stress exceeds a certain point.


Editorials Foreword Two editorials were sought on the subject of diskography based on the paper by Schellhas et al in this issue of the AJNR. The suspicion was that there would be divergent opinions concerning the value of diskography in general and on its value at the C2–C3 level in particular. The reliance that many spine surgeons place on diskography should make us aware of the potential value of diskography in certain well-defined clinical situations. The journal encourages the submission of papers on this subject, particularly those that are evidence-based and deal with clinical outcomes. In this issue of the AJNR (page 269), Schellhass et al prompt this reader to reflect on the nature of science, and the concept of the hypothesis. In many ways, one has to admire this article as a technical tour de force. Nevertheless, it builds upon a hypothesis that has never been accepted. Even proponents of diskography will admit that instead of being evaluated and proven under strict scientific guidelines, such as those that apply to new drugs, diskography was popularized and adopted before its validity was determined (1). Any proposed explanation in science is regarded initially as a hypothesis that is more or less probable on the basis of the available facts and relevant evidence. As a hypothesis, the question of its truth or falsehood is open to scrutiny, and there should be a continual search for more and more evidence to decide the question. The hypothesis in this case is the authors' stated claim that ''cervical diskog-raphy is a clinically useful test.'' It is certainly likely that the disk, under certain conditions of de-rangement, is a source of a patient's pain. This is supported by the observation that certain patients have reproduction of their symptom complex after disk stimulation. The question that arises, however, is whether this information is enough to support the entire hypothesis. In particular, whether the information available supports diskography as a ''clin-ically useful test.'' Unfortunately, this question of clinical usefulness is mired in controversy with both pro and con forces disparaging the scientific methods of the opposing camp. To date, both the critics and proponents of diskography have attempted to advance their positions by methodologically flawed scientific studies or editorial position papers. These publications have biased entry criteria and cohorts, and lack reasonable control groups. The end results are therefore difficult, if not impossible, to generalize. Why is a …


Analysis of the process of comprehension of the introduction of universal military service by Russia's pre-revolutionary historians and public figures is given in the article. Researchers have addressed issues such as the preparation of the reform, changing the timing of service in the post-reform army, the analysis of the theoretical problems of manning the armed forces. Some aspects of the introduction of the state measures have not received proper enlightening (e.g. financing); there have not been comprehensive work, dedicated to the introduction of universal military service.


The quantity of words and the quality of language experienced by infants mediates the development of speech production. In addition to hearing words


There has been tremendous growth in the study of vibration suppression of smart material structure with lead zirconate titanate (PZT). Piezoelectric material is used as smart material and cantilever beam as smart structure. Light weight, rapid and multimode vibration control is possible by use of piezoelectric sensors. This paper considers cantilever beams of aluminium and carbon epoxy fiber material bonded with piezoceramic sensors and actuators for the study of vibration control. The patches can be bonded near the fixed end, at middle or near the free end of the beam as collocated pair. The design uses first three dominant vibratory modes. The effect of PZT sensor/actuator pair is invested at different locations of beam in vibration control.


Abstract Electrical conductivity of Thallus sulphate single crystals grown from melt is measured in the temperature range 100°-500°C using d. c. electrometer circuitary. The plot of Log [sgrave] versus (103/T°K) consists of two linear parts with slopes giving an activation energy of 0. 5 eV for the region 100°-410 °C and 1. 1 eV for the region 410°-500 °C. A tentative identification of the low and high temperature conduction regions as extrinsic and intrinsic respectively. leads to a value of 0. 5 eV for the enerm of migration of the mobile defect and 1. 2 eV for the energy of formation of a defect pair.


Problem: To overcome difficulties in complicated tracheotomies through the use of a T-incision. Study design: Retrospective. Methods: A T-shaped incision allows the wound edges to retract aside spontaneously, without the use of retractors. Four hundred and twelve patients were retrospectively evaluated; 203 received traditional tracheotomy incisions and 209 received a T-incision. Results: Complication rates were similar for the two groups: 3 per cent in the traditional incision group and 4 per cent in the T-incision group (difference non-significant). Conclusions: The T-incision enables good control of bleeding and better exposure of the trachea. This incision was developed for use in difficult cases, such as patients with a short or thick neck, and complicated needle dilatation procedures. The T-incision is quick and suitable for a solo surgeon. Its cosmetic results are acceptable, and it has the same low complication rate as traditional incisions.


Regular structures are present in many types of circuits. If this structure can be identified and utilized, performance can be improved dramatically. In this paper, we present a novel placement approach that successfully identifies regularity, and obtains placements that are superior to other "general purpose" methods. This method has been integrated into our Feng Shui 2.6 bisection-based placement tool. On experiments with the PEKO benchmarks, our results are within 32% of optimal for both the large and small suites. The largest example, with 2.1 million cells, can be completed in sixteen hours. The majority of our run time is during detail placement-global placement takes under three hours. The success of our method shows that it can find structure, even when the structure was not expected or intended. As part of this work, we have made a number of observations related to the nature of suboptimality in placement. These observations have shown that some neglected research areas have great potential, while problems that receive considerable attention are essentially adequately solved.


An intense beam of neutral hydrogen atoms will be injected into the plasma of the CLEO Tokamak. This beam will be used to provide additional heating of the plasma and for a general investigation of the beam-plasma interaction. It is estimated that a 60 kW beam, of 50 ms duration at 30 keV will raise the plasma temperature by typically 10%. A neutral injection system which meets this minimum requirement is described.


Biologically synthesized nanoparticles have been widely used in the field of medicine. In this present work stable colloidal silver nanoparticles are prepared by a simple cost-effective, facile, and ecofriendly synthesis method to avoid the use of toxic chemicals. Peltophorum pterocarpum (PP) plant extract was employed to serve as both reducing and capping agents in this reaction. The effect of different experimental parameters such as the concentration of silver ions, the dosage of the plant extract, temperature, and reaction time on the synthesis of nanoparticles were studied. The synthesized nanoparticles were characterized using ultraviolet–visible (UV–vis) spectroscopy, X-ray diffractometry (XRD), transmission electron microscope (TEM), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), which revealed the nature of the nanoparticles. The nanoparticles have different diameters ranging from 40 to 85 nm. By optimizing the experimental conditions, more uniform high-density nanoparticles can be achieved. The synthesized silver nanoparticles exhibit significant antibacterial activity on gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus. The silver nanoparticles prepared in this way are uniform and stable, which can be stored at room temperature for more than two months.


The conventional chemical propulsion systems, while delivering numerous advantages, are not much efficient for deep space missions owing to their dependence on quantity of stored chemical propellants and calorific value of the propellant composition. Even the most energetic combination of fuel and oxidizer is able to deliver a maximum specific impulse just in the range of 450-550s. Such low range of specific impulse of chemical propulsion systems make them unsuitable for missions extending over longer periods of time.


Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis is based on the amplification of random DNA segment using a single arbitratrary primer. For typing Salmonella spp., polymorphic DNA patterns identified by this method can be used. To select the primers for RAPD typing Salmonella spp., the performances of 20 primers were compared by analyzing 16 Salmonella spp. reference strains. Reproducible electrophoresis patterns were obtained. Among the 20 primers tested, 4 primers (A, OPG04, OPG10, OPL03) showed better differentiation than the others. At the time discrimination index, band clarity, band number and difficulty of band scoring were considered. These primers will be useful for typing Salmonella spp. in the future. Curretly, we are under investigation for the RAPD typing of contaminated Slmonella spp. for the risk analysis of pork processing plant using the primers.


Deep learning (DL) has transformed much of AI, and demonstrated how machine learning can make a difference in the real world. Its core technology is gradient descent, which has been used in neural networks since the 1980s. However, massive expansion of available training data and compute gave it a new instantiation that significantly increased its power.


In this paper we study the arithmetic and invariant theory of genus one normal curves embedded in P. We generalize the notion of genus one model of degree n, introduced by Cremona, Fisher and Stoll for n ≤ 5, to arbitrary odd n, and describe the invariant theory of a genus one curve of degree n embedded in P in terms of the minimal graded free resolution of its homogeneous ideal. We prove that everywhere locally soluble genus one curves over Q admit minimal integral models, with the same invariants as those of the minimal model of their Jacobian elliptic curve. We then apply these results to study the capitulation problem for the Tate-Shafarevich group X(E/Q) of an elliptic curve E/Q. We prove that every element of X(E/Q)[n] of odd index n splits over a degree n number field K, of absolute discriminant at most c(n)H E , where HE is the naive height of E and c(n) is a constant only depending on n.


While the importance of metatheory for theory growth has received some attention from sociologists, the importance of methodological preferences has been overlooked. We examine an influential model of theory growth in social science. This model focuses on theory. We show how recent work in the sociology of science suggests an equally important place for methodological preference in guiding social research. Bringing in method allows us to recognize that what often passes for fundamental metatheoretical differences among subfields in sociology actually consists of minor squabbles over resource allocation. We show that not only does social theory grow strategically through theoretical research programs, but that the different forms of theoretical work in sociology serve to integrate the work of diverse researchers in a less efficient but still effective manner.


This thesis describes work focused on the use of oxetane rings as isosteres and incorporation of this functional group into pharmaceutically relevant scaffolds.

Chapter 1 describes work directed towards the synthesis of 1,5-dioxaspiro[2.3]hexanes via three different strategies, namely ring-closure to form the oxetane ring, Corey epoxidation of the corresponding 3-oxetanones, and epoxidation of the corresponding 3-methylene oxetane. Nucleophilic ring-opening of substituted 1,5-dioxaspiro[2.3]hexanes to give amino acid type isosteres is also investigated.

Chapter 2 details the synthesis of novel oxetane-containing peptidomimetics. A 'one-pot' conjugate addition process from commercially available 3-oxetanone to give nitro dipeptide precursors in good yields was developed. Various methods for the reduction of the nitro group were explored to optimise the synthesis of the corresponding amine. Amide coupling, followed by deprotection, gave peptidomimetics containing the oxetane at the C-terminus and mid-chain in good yields over the 3 steps, whilst an N-terminus oxetane peptidomimetic was obtained in 45% yield through hydrogenation of the conjugate addition product. X-ray diffraction studies, alongside molecular dynamics simulations, provided structural insights into these new oxetane-containing peptidomimetics.

Detailed experimental procedures for the synthesis of all novel compounds are described in Chapter 3.


There is an increasing eagerness to deploy and execute parallel applications on many-core infrastructures, preserving the time-predictability of the execution as required by real-time practices to upper-bound the response time of the embedded application. In this context, the paper discusses the application of the currently-available WCET analysis techniques and tools on such platforms and with highly parallel activities. After discussing the pros and cons of all different methodologies for WCET analysis, we introduce a new approach that is developed within the P-SOCRATES project.


An improved, rapid method for polychlorobiphenyl (PCB) extraction from lipid rich matrices and determination by GC-MS is presented. PCBs accumulate in the environment, can be extremely persistent, and health complications including neurotoxic effects have been reported. Thus, monitoring these persistent organic pollutants seems prudent. The analytical procedure for PCB assessment from environmental samples typically consists of the three steps extraction, purification and analysis by GC coupled with electron-capture detection or mass spectrometry. The aim of the present study was the implementation of a protocol allowing for determining selected indicator PCBs (n = 6) following a single extraction/purification step. Pressurised liquid extraction (PLE) combined with different silica layers directly in the extraction cell allowed efficient removal of lipids and direct analysis by GC-MS. Accuracy was determined by comparison with a reference standard (SRM 1946), and the equivalence of PLE to an established extraction method (soxhlet) was verified. Mean recovery of the combined procedure from trout spiked with a mixture of 50 ng of each PCB was 87 ± 8 (range 74–94)%, and results of ASE were comparable to soxhlet (difference total PCBs <16%). In addition, the protocol showed higher throughput (20 min/extraction cycle) and required less organic solvents (90 mL/sample). This method was then applied for monitoring PCBs in a variety of Luxembourgish fresh water fish (trout, eels, roaches, n = 38). The PCB profile was dominated by congeners 153 and 138, with maximum concentrations of 30 and 21 ng g−1 trout (fresh weight), respectively, highlighting that PCB concentrations might vary considerably in fish depending on species, eating habits and weight.


Some physicochemical parameters related to ripening and their relationship with ethylene were studied in date fruits (Phoenix dactyliferaL. type Negros). Dates were harvested and classified into sixteen ripening stages according to their color, ranging from yellow-greenish to dark brown. Fruit firmness decreased through the different ripening stages, while the ripening index, expressed as the relation between soluble solids and acidity, increased. The greatest loss of fruit firmness correlated with the greatest increases in both polygalacturonase and •-galactosidase activities. In early ripening stages, a small peak in ethylene production was detected, followed by a peak in respiration rate, suggesting that a date could be considered as a climacteric fruit, with the plant hormone ethylene being responsible for changes in color, fruit firmness, soluble solids content and acidity.


The role of Gln3p, Nil1p, Dal80p and Ure2p in the nitrogen regulation of ASP3, which codes for the periplasmic Saccharomyces cerevisiae asparaginase II, was investigated. Analysis of enzyme levels and mRNAASP3 in two wild‐type strains and gln3, nil1, gln3nil1, gln3ure2, nil1ure2, nil1dal80, ure2, dal80 and ure2dal80 mutant cells allowed the study of the qualitative and quantitative regulatory role of the GATA factors and Ure2p on ASP3 expression. The simultaneous presence of Gln3p and Nil1p is a required condition for full gene transcription. Enzyme activity doubled upon nitrogen starvation of either ammonium‐grown (possibly due to Nil2p/Deh1p derepression) or proline‐grown (due to Dal80p derepression) cells. The ure2 mutation increased enzyme levels five‐fold in fresh ammonium‐grown cells and ten‐fold in fresh proline‐grown cells. The combined effects of the ure2 mutation and nitrogen starvation on ammonium‐ or proline‐grown cells resulted in an overall 10–20‐fold enzyme activity increase, respectively, in comparison with the wild‐type cells. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


Because of chip fabrication outsourcing, piracy, reverse engineering, and counterfeiting are major concerns for the semiconductor industry as well as the government. To prevent these issues, Physical Unclonable Functions (PUFs) based methods have been proposed has a way to authenticate chips. PUFs extract randomness from the manufacturing variations of a device that is probabilistic in nature. PUFs are generally easy to implement, but, because of its random behavior, its response is hard to predict and model. Many existing PUF techniques such as arbiter and ring oscillator can be hard to implement inside a chip because of their large area overhead. Hence, we have proposed a novel low pass filter PUF design in this work based on the internal resistor and capacitor variations within an IC. We have simulated the setup in Cadence Virtuoso for a 45 nm technology node. The resultant output voltage of our proposed PUF will be different at the same cut-off frequency because of the manufacturing variations. Finally, the output of the low pass filter PUF is connected with an inverter to make the signal digital and after that, a digital counter is connected with the inverter to measure the pulse width that can be used for generating a unique PUF output.


We developed a single-shot X-ray spectrometer for wide-range high-resolution measurements of Self-Amplified Spontaneous Emission (SASE) X-ray Free Electron Laser (XFEL) pulses. The spectrometer consists of a multi-layer elliptical mirror for producing a large divergence of 22 mrad around 9070 eV and a silicon (553) analyzer crystal. We achieved a wide energy range of 55 eV with a fine spectral resolution of 80 meV, which enabled the observation of a whole SASE-XFEL spectrum with fully-resolved spike structures. We found that a SASE-XFEL pulse has around 60 longitudinal modes with a pulse duration of 7.7 ± 1.1 fs.


Participatory research approaches (PRA) are geared towards planning and conducting research process with those people whose life-world and meaningful actions are under study. Thus, the aim of the i ...


This study is analyzing what necessary law and institution is to solve various problem that is happened in process that execute the firstsecond National GIS Master Plan in the meantime at visual point that the second National GIS Master Plan(2001-2005) period is expired. Specially, it is that present what improvement direction of law and institution by each field is. Minimize of obstacle factors far National GIS Master Plan is purposeful during the third National GIS Master Plan period. To achieve study purpose, this study analyzes background of National GIS law and institution, objective, system. It is expected that of this article can contribute to the picture of National GIS law and institution.


Objective: Using the technology of noninvasive hemodynamic monitorization to monitor the water load by which we could observe the effect of noninvasive hemodynamics for the dry weight in hemodialysis. Methods: Observing the TFC of normal people and hemodialysis patients before and after dialysis procession, the change of blood pressure and heart rate . At the same time we observe the clinic symptom and laboratory examination. Results: The TFC of the hemodialysis patients without over fluid load before and after dialysis procession has no difference with the normal people. But the TFC of the patients with over fluid load is higher than the normal people, P 0.05 . Conclusions: Noninvasive hemodynamics can be use as an indicator to evaluate the dry weight of hemodialysis patients.


The reactivities of surface oxygen phases on Pd(100) toward reduction by CO were characterized using temperature-programmed desorption and reaction (TPD, TPR), isothermal kinetic measurements, low energy electron diffraction (LEED), and scanning tunneling microscopy (STM). When CO was exposed to high oxygen coverages where bulk PdO and a (√5 × √5)R27° oxygen-induced reconstruction exist on the surface, a lag was observed before any CO2 was produced. The CO2 formation rate then increased before falling as the oxygen was depleted. LEED showed that the rate increased as (2 × 2) domains replaced the (√5 × √5)R27° structure on the surface indicating that the lag was due to the slow reduction of (√5 × √5)R27° domains. In contrast, LEED showed that a lower oxygen coverage (5 × 5) reconstruction is immediately destroyed by exposure to CO. Therefore, the results indicated that the more oxidized (√5 × √5)R27° surface and PdO are relatively unreactive toward CO. Further, the temperature dependence of the reduction r...


The objective of this paper is to generate a mathematical model in order to minimize the value of surface roughness (Ra) through EDM by constructing an objective function consisting of combination of process parameters. Taguchi orthogonal design method of experiments with three process parameters viz., current, pulse-on-rate, pulse-off-rate were used to generate 25 numbers of experiments L25 at five levels. Experiments were carried out in Electronica S50 (CNC) EDM. Data obtained for performance measurement was subjected regression analysis using ANOVA. Equation was obtained for the surface roughness as a function of current, pulse-on rate, pulse-off-rate.It is found that discharge current, pulse-on-rate, and pulse-off-rate have significant effect on the Ra. Higher values of current and pulse-on-rate increased surface roughness. Lower current, lower pulse-on-rate and relatively higher pulse-off-rate produced a better surface finish.


Manufacturing procedures of fat-reduced goat fresh cheese with a fat/total solids ratio (F/TS) of 20%, 30% and 40% respectively, were studied. The casein/fat ratio was standardized at 2.3, 1.3 and 0.8 value, and it was obtained by mixing goat whole milk, UF-retentate of goat's skim milk (VCR = 4) and 68% fat cream. The 20% F/TS cheese showed a higher pH and true protein content (12.20%) and, as expected, a lower fat content (4.68%). On the contrary, the 40% F/ TS cheese showed a true protein and fat content of 7.70% and 9.12%, respectively. The cheese yield of 40% F/TS cheese was 32.8%, while that of the 20% F/TS cheese was 20.6%. The 30% F/TS cheese showed intermediate chemical composition and cheese yield.


Position-sensitive alpha-detector is measuring time and a coordinate of associated alpha-particle, thus enabling one to specify angle and time of neutron escape ("tag"). Gamma-detectors detect gamma-quanta produced from interaction of tagged neutrons with container material. Scheme of coincidence of alpha-particles with gamma-quanta provides selection of those gamma-quanta, which correspond to object under inspection. Computer processes the obtained data and sends information on elemental composition of container to the terminal. MTN allows one to improve signal-background ratio by more than two orders, as compared to registration of gamma-spectra without coincidence with alpha-particles.


Searching for a lot of marketed book or reading resource worldwide? We provide them done in layout type as word, txt, kindle, pdf, zip, rar and also ppt. among them is this qualified lincoln reconsidered essays on the civil war era that has actually been composed by Still confused how to get it? Well, simply review online or download by registering in our website right here. Click them. Our goal is always to offer you an assortment of cost-free ebooks too as aid resolve your troubles. We have got a considerable collection of totally free of expense Book for people from every single stroll of life. We have got tried our finest to gather a sizable library of preferred cost-free as well as paid files. Required a magnificent e-book? lincoln reconsidered essays on the civil war era by , the best one! Wan na get it? Discover this exceptional e-book by right here now. Download or review online is available. Why we are the very best website for downloading this lincoln reconsidered essays on the civil war era Naturally, you can choose guide in various documents kinds and media. Search for ppt, txt, pdf, word, rar, zip, and also kindle? Why not? Obtain them here, now! GO TO THE TECHNICAL WRITING FOR AN EXPANDED TYPE OF THIS LINCOLN RECONSIDERED ESSAYS ON THE CIVIL WAR ERA, ALONG WITH A CORRECTLY FORMATTED VERSION OF THE INSTANCE MANUAL PAGE ABOVE.


The problem of transportation have become the main issue in Jakarta because people needs their trips more quickly, comfortable, cheaper, and safer. Trans Jakarta was built with the aim is to offer the public transport service with reliable of facilities to make passenger comfortable and safety. But after operate for 9 years this mode is not accommodated the level of service quality expected by customer. For instance lack of facilities, lack of information, uncertainty time, unsafety, and uncomfortable. The aim of the research is to identify about the public transport services in Trans Jakarta that is needed to improve (learn from success in Zurich). Besides that to understand and analyze the applying of mobile application to be a new business model to develop service in Trans Jakarta.
The research used qualitative research approach with multiple case study for methodological discussion and analysis of empirical condition. The reason use qualitative research approach because this research have possibility to examine the operation of public transport between Trans Jakarta, Indonesia and Greater Zurich, Switzerland. The data collection obtained from the user of Trans Jakarta who have experience about the service provided in Trans Jakarta and publication data official of Trans Jakarta.
The result of the study show that mobile device application will be an appropriate solution and received by all parties related with service information in Trans Jakarta. Because the accurate and user-friendliness service information will create new value in the trip of passenger, Applying new business model in mobile device application have many advantages for the people such as generate value creation (customer engagement, self-service, customer experience, problem solving, and co-designing) for the passenger, the result of measurement about the hypothesis scenario of implementation new business model in mobile device application with the spreading of questionnaires, the result shows that the most of respondent agree with the adding new technology in Trans Jakarta to provide information and improve their quality of travel.


The objective of this study is to understand the response of Quercus suber seedlings to light and water, two limiting factors of their growth and survival in Mediterranean woody plants. Greenhouse and field experiments were conducted to contrast the results from both types of experiments.
At the greenhouse experiment, Quercus suber seedlings were grown at three treatments of light (3%, 27% and 100% of incident light) and daily irrigation. When plants had four months old, half of the individuals did not receive any water, so we had then two water treatments (water and drought) within each light treatment. After two months, different variables were measured.
 At the field experiment, Quercus suber acorns were sown in three microhabitats with different light conditions (open, under tree and deep shade) in "Los Alcornocales" Natural Park (Cadiz). These microhabitats have similar light radiation than the treatments used at the greenhouse experiment.
The greenhouse experiment results showed that the acorn mass was important for determining the seedling mass on the first stages, and that importance increased with light limitation. Thus, a greater seedling biomass was strongly associated with a bigger acorn mass under deep shade, but with increasing light levels the association between seedling and acorn mass became lower and non-significant. Quercus suber seedlings responded to light restriction with a decrease in the relative growth rate (RGR) and then the seedlings had lower biomass. This decrease in RGR was mainly caused by a decrease of the net assimilation rate (NAR). However, specific leaf area (SLA) and stem mass ratio (SMR) increased under shade as a way to enhance light capture. The response to water limitation was a general decrease of RGR, but interestingly, the effect of drought was negligible under deep shade conditions.
The results of the field experiment were similar to those in the greenhouse experiment, which reinforce the conclusions of this study. Seedlings from open microhabitats (with more light) had a greater biomass than seedlings under tree or deep shade microhabitats. Also, the response to light limitation was an increase of specific leaf area (SLA), an increase in stem mass ratio and stem length. In contrast with the growth data, the survival rate of seedlings after the summer drought was greater under trees than in the open habitats.
Then, it seems to exist an uncoupling between growth and survival of Quercus suber seedlings under different conditions. In this way, the best microhabitat for the growth (open microhabitat) is not the best for seedling survival, while medium shade microhabitat seems to be the best suited for Quercus suber regeneration.


Objective To assess the safety and efficacy of the treatment for symptomatic atherosclerotic middle cerebral artery stenosis with Wingspan stent.Methods One hundred and twenty -seven symptomatic middle cerebral artery stenoses with narrow more than 50% in 127 patients were treated using Wingspan stents.Clinical manifestations and imaging features were recorded and analyzed whether they were associated with in - stent restenosis.Results The technical success rate was 98.4%.The rate of procedure - related complieations was 3.1% (4/127).Ninety - nine patients (78.0%) were available for follow - up imaging with digital subtraction arteriography or computerized tomography angiography.In - stent restenosis was documented in 20 of these patients,including 1 symptomatic in - stent restenosis.Hyperlipidemia,reference artery diameter,and residual stenosis have a statistically significant trend to an increased risk of in - stent restenosis.Conclusions Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty and stenting of middle cerebral artery was safe and was with low periprocedural complications.The in - stent restenosis had a high incidence; and was usually asymptomatic.

Key words:
Middle cerebral vessel; Stent; Atherosclerosis


A nickel(0)/tetra-n-butylammonium bromide (TBAB) catalyzed Suzuki-Miyaura reaction of aryl iodides and bromides with organoboronic acids was developed under phosphine-free reaction conditions. The reaction involved the use of ethanol as solvent, sodium carbonate as base, and nickel metal colloids stabilized by TBAB as catalyst. For activated aryl chlorides, excellent yields of the products were isolated when PPh 3 was added to the reaction. Furthermore, the nickel metal could be recovered and recycled for six consecutive trials without significant loss of its reactivity.


: Hyperuricaemia has grown to be an important health issue, since resulting in the manifestation of gout, renal damage, metabolic and hemodynamic abnormalities, called metabolic syndrome (MS). Also, high fructose intake, which lastly elevated dramatically as fructose-based sweetened beverages and foods and humans appear to be more sensitive for its effects, causes MS including hyperuricemia, dyslipidemia, hypertension, insulin resistance, obesity, and promotions of oxidative stress, inflammation, and endothelial dysfunction through nitric oxide (NO) generation impairment. Nowadays, growing research on grape phenolics has focused on how their biological effects may improve human health; while there is no sufficient knowledge about hypouricemic effects of red grape skin (RGS), as important and largely byproduct; and numerous investigations have been done to identify safe and effective anti-hyperuricemia products derived from natural sources. Consequently, this investigation was conducted to learn more about the possible impacts of RGS on fructose-cause MS and hyperuricemia. Main chemical composition, phenolic and anthocyanins contents, and antioxidant activity of RGS were measured. Hypouricemic effects of dried RGS (DRGS) examined in metabolic syndrome rats induced by high fructose intake as 10% of drinking water for 8 weeks in which DRGS were supplemented as 2.5 and 5 % of the diet at last 4 weeks. Also, sensory evaluation of DRGS supplemented cake was done. The results showed that RGS fraction was 21.96% of whole grape fruit and it has considerable levels of fiber, total phenols, anthocyanins, and antioxidant activity. DRGS able to block the features of fructose-induced MS and reduce uric acid by several effects as antioxidant action


Smoking, physical inactivity, obesity, raised blood pressure, low dietary intake of vegetables and fruits have been identified as risk factors for cardiovascular diseases. The study was aimed to find out the extent of risk factors for cardiovascular diseases among adolescent schoolchildren from affluent families of Dhaka city. This cross sectional study was done among 386 students of two English medium high schools during July 2006 to June 2007. Sixty one percent of the sample was boys. The children were of 10-18 years age group (mean = 13.5 years). Half of the parents had postgraduate education, fathers mostly businessmen and service holders and mothers were housewives. Moderate physical inactivity at leisure was found among 51% of the study population. Association between moderate physical activity (MPA) at leisure and gender was statistically significant (p<0.001). Furthermore, 34% of the children spent 3 hours or more watching TV and /or using computer in a day. A little over 16% of the children were overweight and 8.5% obese. 'Ever smoked' were 16.5% males and 4.0% females. Association between ever smoked and gender was statistically significant (p<0.001). Moreover, 51% children took fruits and 69% took vegetables daily in their diet. Association between intake of fruits and vegetables and gender was not significant. Considering the high level of cardiovascular risk factors among adolescents, in terms of inactivity, overweight, obesity and smoking, population-wide life-style interventions specially focused on adolescents are thus recommended.


Nigerians expect that leadership should guarantee the security of the populace who in return will be law abiding. The reverse is the case with Nigeria. Each time one reads the newspapers, they speak of one crisis or the other in the country. This is a source of concern among scholars. It is becoming worrisome that people sleep with one eye closed. The reason is that state institutions and agencies are not effective and efficient. Leadership has failed to address these threats leaving the people on their own. The country has not been able to fulfil its potentials due to the existence of threats in the polity. This has given Nigeria a bad name. Investors are cautious of coming to a country where their lives and investments are not safe.Beside; Nigeria has been on a steady decline in the Global peace index. Out of 158 countries surveyed, the country was 117 th in 2007,129 th in 2008 and 2009,137 th in 2010,142 nd in 2011 and 146 th in 2012. Even a country like Chad is more peaceful than Nigeria. It remains the duty of government to provide an enabling environment for the populace to fulfill her potential and the absence of this pose a threat in the polity of the country. This work is linked to sustainstable development and sustainability. The absence of security leads to political and economic instability. The absence Using observation methods and secondary sources, the paper examined the threats to security in Nigeria.


Small for Size Syndrome (SFSS) is a specific problem in Living Donor Liver Transplant (LDLT) where the pathogenesis in SFSS seems to be primarily linked to graft over perfusion. Various methods of modulating portal inflow to reduce excessive flow to the liver without compromising liver function has been described. We report the outcome of 4 LDLT cases in which the portal inflow was modulated by performing a splenectomy and a temporary hemi-portocaval shunt.


Homopteran vectors (e.g., leafhoppers) of plant pathogens are vessels for reproduction of cell wall‐free bacteria. These vectors also serve as hosts for larval parasitoid dipterans, hymenopterans, and strepsipterans. However, no study has explored the relationship among these wall‐free bacteria and parasitoid larvae within the insect host. We studied the corn stunt spiroplasma (CSS), Spiroplasma kunkelii Whitcomb (Mycoplasmatales: Spiroplasmataceae), a bacterium that originated from secondary symbionts that cause corn stunt disease in maize, Zea mays L., and its reproduction in the haemolymph of the corn leafhopper, Dalbulus maidis (Delong and Wolcott) (Homoptera: Cicadellidae). We also studied the dryinid parasitoid Gonatopus bartletti Olmi (Hymenoptera: Dryinidae), the larva of which feeds in the corn leafhopper haemolymph. Our results showed that when CSS and the wasp coexisted in D. maidis, the development of the parasitoid was not affected by S. kunkelii. Parasitoid development was successfully completed when leafhoppers acquired S. kunkelii before or after parasitism and when CSS had median (10 days) and long (20 days) incubation periods in the leafhopper before parasitization. The presence of S. kunkelii did not affect parasitoid development to the adult stage. However, polymerase chain reaction showed that the presence (survival) of S. kunkelii in the leafhopper was negatively affected by the parasitoid larva. Fewer leafhoppers had CSS before and after parasitization compared with leafhoppers that only acquired the CSS. This negative effect helps to explain the high parasitism rate by G. bartletti in D. maidis and the low presence of S. kunkelii in the corn leafhopper when CSS and the wasp parasitoid overlap throughout their geographic distribution. The parasitoid larva may negatively affect S. kunkelii by (1) producing antibacterial peptides that are toxic to CSS; (2) producing teratocytes that take nutrients from the host for larval development, but these nutrients are required by CSS; (3) affecting, indirectly, CSS through other symbiotic microorganisms; and (4) producing proteins with antibacterial activity that are present in the venom of the wasp parasitoid.


With the demand for more doctors and the obvious difficulty in expanding training facilities rapidly, a study of the effectiveness of women in medicine was deemed timely. The investigation was designed to determine to what extent women physicians utilized their training in their communities and within their profession. It was hoped also that the findings might prove of value for student counseling during college and premedical training as well as during the undergraduate medical years. Very little attention has been given to determine how effectively any physician's time is utilized after graduation. There is therefore no available study of medical manpower with which to contrast these findings. In this limited undertaking the main comparison or the most obvious one that might prove of value was between the careers of the unmarried and those of the married women. This comparison is really not just. It might be more logical to compare


Immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapy is a promising treatment for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, it is limited by low response rates. Tumour‐infiltrating immune cells (TIICs), specifically CD8+ T cells, in the tumour microenvironment (TME) are related to tumour immune responses and are potential predictors for immunotherapeutic and survival outcomes. Therefore, we established a new CD8+ T cell‐related genes prognostic index (CD8T‐RGPI) for evaluating immune responses and prognostic outcomes for HCC. Using the TCGA databases, we evaluated the RNA‐seq data of CD8+ T cell‐related genes with gene co‐expression network. Then, the CD8T‐RGPI model was built by combining univariate Cox regression and the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) Cox regression analyses. The nomogram exhibited a good prediction ability for HCC patients' prognosis in either TCGA or ICGC databases. The CD8T‐RGPI was elevated in patients with high T, M and TNM stages. Functional enrichment analyses revealed that in CD8T‐RGPI high‐risk group, tumour‐related and immunosuppressive pathways, such as focal adhesion, aerobic glycolysis, HIF1 transcription factor pathway, IL‐4 and IL‐13 signalling were significantly enriched. Moreover, for CD8T‐RGPI high‐risk HCC patients, immune tolerance and immunosurveillance escape was associated with poor therapeutic outcomes for ICB therapy. The CD8T‐RGPI low‐risk HCC patients with elevated immune infiltration levels were associated with good immunotherapeutic responses to ICB. Our findings provide prospective prognostic biomarkers and elucidate on HCC immunotherapy.


In this note we prove that if T is a positive operator on a real Banach lattice, then T is constrictive if and only if that T has the operator matrix decomposition T=(Tx °) where Tx is a power-bounded generalized permutation matrix on a finitedimensional space and r2" —» 0 strongly.


ABSTRACT Psychoanalysts, beginning with Sigmund Freud, have been scanting, denying, minimizing, and obfuscating the significance of fear of death in their patients and in themselves. Starting with Freud, they have tended to interpret fear of death as a displacement from other sources of anxiety, especially from castration anxiety. Conversely, some psychoanalysts and psychotherapists have denied the presence or significance of castration anxiety in their patients and in themselves. In this communication, the prevalence and significance of each of these forms of terror are examined, individually and as to their connection with one another. Considerable clinical, child observational, and literary evidence is presented that illustrates the significance and meaning of these two sources of terror within the human psyche, as well as the relationship which they have with one another.


The article substantiates the relevance of pedagogically directed vocal art classes and the effectiveness of these classes on the formation of a student's personality in modern conditions, reflects the main directions of vocal influence on the artistic and aesthetic education of College students, and shows the prospects of vocal art classes for society.


This scientific article is devoted to one of the priority issues in electronics, namely the implementation of the engineering task of designing a power source. In my case, according to the terms of reference, which includes: the main parameters of the network, efficiency, a structural electrical circuit of a switching power supply was developed. In the process, the main functional units (blocks) were calculated and the choice of radio components from which they were built on the basis of: current values, reverse voltage, gain, operating frequency and other parameters of diodes, transistors, integrated circuits, Zener diodes, operational amplifiers was justified. In the "Methods" section, calculations will be made for the device blocks: a network rectifier, a push-pull transformer converter, a pre-amplifier circuit with a transformer input, an error signal comparison and amplification circuit, a sawtooth voltage generator, and a secondary power source. The information presented in the text is recommended to a narrow circle of specialists, priority in the field of power electronics, as well as in the field of communication systems.