Objective To describe the use of computer-assisted three-dimensional surgical planning in condylar reconstruction in patients with bilateral temporomandibular joint ankylosis using autogenous coronoid process and to explore its clinical effects.Methods Eight patients with bilateral temporomandibular joint bony ankylosis who visited our hospital from 2007 to 2009 were treated by bilateral ankylosed blocks resection and condylar reconstruction by free grafting of autogenous coronoid process with three-dimensional simulation using Surgicase CMF Materialise software.Clinical examination,radiograph,photograph,and details of operation and outcome were evaluated postoperatively to determine the clinical effects of the technique.Results Satisfactory mouth opening and occlusion were achieved in all cases.Radiographic examination showed that transplanted coronoid processes were all located in the mandibular fossa.Some bone resorption of the grafted coronoid process was observed,but no apparent occlusal changes were noted.Neither recurrence nor other obvious complication occurred.Conclusion Computer-assisted three-dimensional surgical planning and simulation combined with free grafting of autogenous coronoid process may be a suitable alternative to the reconstruction of condyles for patients with bilateral temporomandibular joint ankylosis,making the operation more accurate and more convenient.


Objective To study the anti-depressant effect of Xiaoyaofang on mice with behavioral despair. Method The mice were given the forced swimming test and tail suspension test to observe the anti-depressant effect of Xiaoyaofang. Result The high dosage of Xi-aoyaofang significantly shortened fast time in the tail suspension test of mice(P < 0.05). And Xiaoyaofang showed the trend of shortening the needed time in the forced swimming test. Conclusion Xiaoyaofang have an anti-depressant effect on mice with behavioral despair.

Key words:
Xiaoyao powders/PD;  Decoctions;  Depression/DT


To the Editor. —Prepapillary vascular loops are well documented in the literature. 1-5 These lesions are believed to be congenital anomalies of the central retinal artery. We have observed prepapillary vascular loops in a mother and daughter. We postulate that there may be a hereditary component to this entity. Report of Cases. —Case 1. —This 33-year-old woman with mild myopia was evaluated at University Hospitals of Cleveland for a change in the prescription of her eyeglasses. Her best corrected acuity was 20/20 in each eye. Results of an external and anterior segment examination were normal. A fundus examination disclosed prepapillary vascular loops in each eye (Figs 1 and 2). On informing the patient of the presence of the prepapillary loops, she reported that her mother had similar findings. Case 2. —This 66-year-old woman (the mother of patient 1) had been followed up at the eye clinic of University Hospitals


This paper deals with the publication and research of Ukrainian folklore on the pages of Ukrainian periodicals in Slovakia in the period from the mid-40's of the 19th century to the present time. It presents the basic topics and issues under review as well as the names of the authors. It also reveals the importance of Ukrainian periodicals for the development and preservation of national and cultural identity of the Ukrainian minority in Slovakia.


Yarn hairiness is an important yarn property like yarn evenness and strength. This property is affected by many fiber performances and processing parameters, which makes its prediction difficult also. In this study, we predicted the hairiness of the cotton yarn in rotor spinning using the ANN model. On the basis of the results obtained, with help of ANN analysis, we can predict the hairiness of the cotton easily and accurately. The results show that the ANN model yields more accurate and stable predictions, which indicates that the ANN theory is an effective and viable modeling method.


In the situation of giving the elliptical tube circumference,the heat transfer and flow of the laminar flow state in the rectangular fins with different kinds of elliptical tube in different ratios of major and minor axis(3,4,5,6,8,10)were investigated.Fluent software was used to analyze the influence of the ratio of major and minor axis Kof the elliptical tube and Reynolds number(Re)on heat transfer and flow of finned tube air side.The results indicate that with the increase of Re number in the calculation range,the Nusselt number(Nu)increases and the drag coefficient(f)decreases,the heat transfer characteristic number(Nu)for finned tube air side heat of K=10decreases by 4.66%~9.83%,when compared to finned tube of K=3,the drag coefficient(f)for finned tube air side of K=10decreases by approximately 51.67%~56.6% when compared to finned tube of K=3.In terms of fin efficiency,the ratio of the length of the shaft fin efficiency is highest when K=3,through analyzing comprehensive performance parameters j/f,it is found that in the same perimeter of the elliptical tubes,the greater the ratio of major and minor axis K,the higher the comprehensive performance.


Additional component(s) introduced into the reaction gel allow for a stable framework substitution of Cr in significant amounts. Appropriate component(s) and metal compounds, especially those of Al, are primary factors determining the substitution. The products of the system {triethylamine−acetate ions−Cr3+ ions} have been characterized in more detail and compared with those from other synthesis procedures. The Cr heteroatoms are 4-fold bonded to the framework and their coordination is complemented by two ligands from the pores (water molecules in the calcined form) to give the favored octahedral-like coordination. The coordination can be changed reproducibly from 6 to 4 by heating the crystals over 550 K (dehydration) and vice versa by cooling (hydration). The framework Cr(III) cannot be oxidized and causes no framework charge. The reaction conditions, differing from those in the classical syntheses, enable the control of the crystal morphology. The crystals can be grown as flat hexagonal pellets of a pe...


This article presents one of the elements of research on the techniques and technology of the production of historical firearms. The article contains a description of the technology used to manufacture a gun barrel. In order to broaden the knowledge of the production technology of barrels, Vickers hardness tests were carried out on a group of 19 historical pieces.


Existing studies explain the public display of violence either as a pure religious or magical practice of some rightwing fundamentalist groups or as a strategy used by social movement organizers to exert pressure on authorities. In this paper, I argue that armed civil militia groups engaged in a protracted movement resort to violence following the same symbolic and strategic logic as the state military does in a counterinsurgency operation. The state military displays violence as part of their professional norms. Armed civil militia groups also view the armed movement as a profession and display violence as part of their version of militarism. To support this view I provide empirical evidence from three armed movements in Bangladesh and highlight the policy implications. Resume: La recherche actuelle explique la demonstration publique d'actes violents soit comme une pratique purement religieuse ou magique de groupes fondamentalistes de droite, soit comme une strategie utilisee par les mouvements sociaux pour exercer de la pression sur les autorites. Mon argument est plutot le suivant: lors d'une operation de contre-insurrection, les milices armees actives de maniere prolongee recourent a la violence suivant la meme logique symbolique et strategique que l'armee gouvernementale. Les demonstrations de violence de la part de l'armee gouvernementale font partie de normes professionnelles. Les milices armees voient leur activites dans un mouvement arme comme une profession et leurs demonstrations de violence font partie de leur version du militarisme. Je soutiens cet argument a l'aide de donnees empiriques concernant trois mouvements armes au Bangladesh et mettons en evidence les implications de mes resultats en termes de politiques publiques. Mots-cles: rituels de violence; mouvement arme; milices; militarisme; contre-insurrection.


The main topics of the article are developed through the following method: the first three paragraphs offered a brief analysis of the concept of ideology and the theory of elites, trying to highlight also the main stages in the historical evolution of these cultural phenomena. The fourth and final paragraph, however, is an attempt to interpret and understand the social, political, and economic life of a reality as particular as that Usa, using the conceptual tools developed in the previous paragraphs


In the mechanical design,the application of CAD technology has accelerated the design and the drawing speed.In the paper,the assembly drawing is drawn;the gear is designed by use of CAXA;and then some helpful applications of CAXA in the mechanical design are introduced.


The concept of conventions has attracted much attention in the multi-agent system research. In this article, we study the emergence of conventions from repeated n-player coordination games. Distributed agents learn their policies independently and are capable of observing their neighbours in a network topology. We distinguish two types of information representation about the observations: gist trace and verbatim trace. We conjecture that learning based on the gist trace, which overlooks the details and focuses only on the general choice of action of a neighbourhood, should achieve efficient convention emergence. To this end, a novel learning method that makes use of the gist trace is proposed. The experimental results confirm that the proposed method establishes conventions much faster than the state-of-the-art learning methods across diverse settings of multi-agent systems. In particular, the use of gist trace derived at a low level of abstraction further improves the efficiency of convention emergence.


Introduction (Emrys Chew) Goh Keng Swee in a Social Welfare History of Singapore (Ho Chi Tim) Goh Keng Swee in Politics and Parliament (Kevin Y L Tan) Goh Keng Swee, the Development Economist (Lee Soo Ann) Goh Keng Swee and Finance (Linda Low) Goh Keng Swee and the Emergence of a Modern SAF (Bernard F W Loo) Goh Keng Swee and Singapore's Defence Industrial Policy (Adrian W J Kuah) Goh Keng Swee and the Singapore Education System (Alistair Chew) Goh Keng Swee's Contributions to Higher Education, Military Education and the Research Institutes (Ernest Chew) Goh Keng Swee and Chinese Studies in Singapore: From Confucianism to 'China Watching' (John Wong) Goh Keng Swee's Cultural Contributions and the Making of the Singapore Symphony Orchestra (Bernard T G Tan) Conclusion (Kwa Chong Guan).


The single-Sequence (SS) is simply a sequence of integers 1, 2, 3, ..., n. But it leads a unique set of ABLR-relations (above. below, left-of, right-of) that hold among n objects on a plane. In this paper, we propose a fast packing algorithm based on SS, For an SS, we generate direct relation set (DRS) for each room. The module packing is directly obtained from DRS in linear time. DRS can be reused for all packing under the same floorplan. This will dramatically speed up the computation. As a feature of SS, this algorithm covers all possible placements. if our objective is in bounding-box area minimization. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm is pretty fast and efficient compared with the performances attained by conventional algorithms.


In view of the non-integer sampling channel in the MIMO-OFDM communication systems,a low complexity channel estimation algorithm based on DFT iteration was proposed.The proposed algorithm can reduce the Gaussian-White noise effect and avoid the complex matrix inversion operation.Compared with the Least Square estimation algorithm,this algorithm has improved the performances greatly.Besides,the proposed algorithm is suitable in the integer sampling channel as well.So,the proposed algorithm has a high practical value.


The need for population control in India was realised as early as in 1949 when the Family Planning Association of India came into existence in Bombay. Prior to this, many intellectuals drew attentic>n to the growing numbers in India in their writings and works. For instance, as early as 1916, lat~ .K. Wattal strongly drafted a book on the danger of high population growth in his classic treatise namely, The Population Problem in India. 1 It is also interesting to note a comment on the advantages of small family and disadvantages of big family by General Cariappa, Commander in the Armed forces:


The market of certified agricultural products increases everyday. Developed countries demand information on the production system and the origin of the product concerning socioenvironmental sustainability and quality attributes. The consumer seeks to know how his/ her food has been produced. Certified products are more and more present at shops and supermarkets worldwide. In the coffee sector this also happens, and the Brazilian coffee is perhaps the most national developed agriculture sector regarding certification. Distinct coffee certification standards are present at the Brazilian coffee production, and the following are the main ones: Organic, Fair Trade (FT), Utz Certified (UC), and Rain Forest Alliance (RA). However, each of these standards considers distinct aspects of coffee production and its respective products are in the market carried with different characteristics. The characterization of each certification standard as well as its exhibition to the producers and consumers is important so that they make their decision in a clear and conscious way. Coffee certification in Brazil has contributed to considerable social and environmental improvements in the production sector. Coffee certification in Brazil is still improving and its benefits are reaching society.


Introduction There is uncertainty about the advantages and disadvantages of laparoscopic hysterectomy compared with abdominal hysterectomy, particularly the relative rate of complications of the two procedures. While uptake of laparoscopic hysterectomy has been slow, the situation is changing with greater familiarity, better training, better equipment and increased proficiency in the technique. Thus, a large, robust, multicentre randomised controlled trial (RCT) is needed to compare contemporary laparoscopic hysterectomy with abdominal hysterectomy to determine the safest and most cost-effective technique. Methods and analysis A parallel, open, non-inferiority, multicentre, randomised controlled, expertise-based surgery trial with integrated health economic evaluation and an internal pilot with an embedded qualitative process evaluation. A within trial-based economic evaluation will explore the cost-effectiveness of laparoscopic hysterectomy compared with open abdominal hysterectomy. We will aim to recruit 3250 women requiring a hysterectomy for a benign gynaecological condition and who were suitable for either laparoscopic or open techniques. The primary outcome is major complications up to six completed weeks postsurgery and the key secondary outcome is time from surgery to resumption of usual activities using the personalised Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System Physical Function questionnaire. The principal outcome for the economic evaluation is to be cost per QALY at 12 months' postsurgery. A secondary analysis is to be undertaken to generate costs per major surgical complication avoided and costs per return to normal activities. Ethics and dissemination The study was approved by the West Midlands-Edgbaston Research Ethics Committee, 18 February 2021 (Ethics ref: 21/WM/0019). REC approval for the protocol version 2.0 dated 2 February 2021 was issued on 18 February 2021. We will present the findings in national and international conferences. We will also aim to publish the findings in high impact peer-reviewed journals. We will disseminate the completed paper to the Department of Health, the Scientific Advisory Committees of the RCOG, the Royal College of Nurses (RCN) and the BSGE. Trial registration number ISRCTN14566195.


This issue of the JOURNAL OF PEDIATRIC ENDOCRINOLOGY presents two reviews of prenatal diagnosis and treatment of congenital adrenal hyperplasia including techniques for diagnosing 21-hydroxylase deficiency based on HLA-typing, and DNA studies of mutations in the CYP21 gene. Speiser and New emphasize the potential benefits of prenatal treatment, namely avoiding corrective genital surgery, improved parent-child bonding, and long-term effects on reproductive and emotional function. Levine and Pang express concern that maternal dexamethasone treatment is not universally successful in preventing virilization of affected infants and may be associated with significant maternal side effects. Clearly, prenatal dexamethasone treatment offers a welcome option for families at risk, while continuing long-term follow-up studies will determine the risk of prenatal intervention. Pediatric endocrinologists can use these "state-of-the-art" reviews to reach their own conclusions regarding prenatal treatment and counselling of affected families. Readers' comments and reports from other groups will be welcome.


This paper describes a di 価 usion scenario of electdc vchicles 倉 oln the viewpohlt of systems hlnovation constdering both human society aspects and technologieal aspects . Firstly , fUndamentals of the systerns innovation theory and the plat 鉛 ml the 。 ly 肛 e mentioned . Secondly , discussien en mobility from the viewpoint of human − soci 剛 ayer and discussion of electrical vehicles f セ om the viewpoint of elemental techniques are ca ∬ ied out . F 沁 ally , R & D , measures and policies are descnbed as a scenario hlcluding standardization ( universalizaUon ) of contactless power fbeding and a reasonable payment scheme in a comprehensive way .


We developed a library of twelve polymorphic di‐ and tri‐nucleotide microsatellite markers for Megalopta genalis, a facultatively eusocial sweat bee. We tested each locus in a panel of 23 unrelated females and found 7–20 alleles per locus. Observed and expected heterozygosities ranged from 0.65 to 0.96 and from 0.69 to 0.95 respectively. None of the loci deviated from Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium proportions or was found to be in gametic disequilibrium.


Report discusses design concepts for attitude control of Cassini spacecraft, scheduled to be launched in 1997 and to arrive at Saturn in 2004.


One of the key problems in building simulation is to determine the accuracy and reliability of a simulation codes and tools. Due to the complexity of buildings, a comprehensive and exhaustive mathematical proof is typically not possible. In this context, comprehensive collection of data from actual buildings can provide an effective basis for probing the degree to which simulation tools can represent and predict the real performance of buildings. Comprehensive building data monitoring not only facilitates the evaluation of the fidelity of simulation tools, but also support the generation of calibrated simulation models, that can be applied in the context of real-time simulation-assisted building systems control. The present contribution describes concepts and initial implementations toward creating and testing a systematic framework for the dynamic and comprehensive building data monitoring for evaluation and calibration of performance simulation models.


Yuhua was well-known in literature circles for his detached narration in the later half of 1980s.Since 1990s,however,he has completely changed his originally pessimistic and negative view of the world and life;he gradually starts to tenderly care about the world.Many reasons may account for the change,but I think music is the most important factor..Music gives Yuhua thought of love,which affects his literature concept;Music stimulates the inspiration of his creation;Music makes him care about the world perceptually.These results in the change of Yuhua's writing style.


The inclusion complexation of 2-aminobenzoic acid (2ABA), 3-aminobenzoic acid (3ABA), and 4-aminobenzoic acid (4ABA) with α-cyclodextrin (α-CD), β-cyclodextrin (β-CD), hydroxypropyl-α-cyclodextrin (HP-α-CD) and hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HP-β-CD) were studied in buffer solutions of different pHs (pH~1 and pH~7) and it was carried out using UV-Visible, steady-state and time-resolved fluorescence. Dual fluorescence was observed for all the compounds in aqueous and CD medium. All the ABAs forms 1:1 inclusion complex at pH ~ 1 solution and mixture of 1:1 and 1:2 inclusion complex at pH ~7. With CDs, dual luminescence appeared at pH ~ 1 indicates, both NH3+ and COOH groups are present in the interior of the CDs cavities. FT-IR, 1H NMR, results suggest ABAs formed a stable inclusion complex with the CDs.


Selina Concise Mathematics Class 8 ICSE Solutions Chapter 20 Area of Trapezium and a Polygon Selina Publishers Concise Mathematics Class 8 ICSE ...


The charge assisted hydrogen bond polymeric compounds{[Ar-C(NH)2](Ph2PO2)}n(Ar=Ph 1,4-Py 2),and coordination polymer[4-Py-C(NH2)(=NPPh2)]2Ag+[SO3CF3]-}n 3 were prepared by the reaction of H2O2 or AgSO3CF3 with the compounds{Ar-C[N(SiMe3)2](=NPPh2)}(Ar=Ph,4-Py) respectively.The novel crystal structure of coordination polymer 3 was characterized.It was discussed that the various oxidants(H2O2 or AgSO3CF3) lead to the oxidative cleavage of N-P bond.The solid-state fluorescence of polymeric compounds 1 and 2 was determined.


These questions have recently been transferred from the medical area to the public and political areas. Yet, the general public an politicians tend to react in either an emotive or clientelism fashion and lack relevant information's to form an opinion (on such subject as the breach of secrecy regarding donors identity, LGBT access to ART, etc). Consequently, in France, doctors now have to to come down from their ivory tower to discuss these matters. Though the situation may differ in countries that take a more business-like and less emotional, approach to the subject [1-4].


Evaporation heat transfer characteristics have been investigated experimentally when distilled water is sprayed on the outside wall of horizontal tubes in a evaporator. This problem is of particular interest in the design of evaporator of an absorption system. Hydrophilic surface treatment was employed to increase the wettability on copper tubes. The results indicate that evaporation heat transfer with hydrophilic tubes is shown to be 25-44% higher than that with bare tubes at evaporation pressure of 31.8 Torr(evaporation temperature 30℃). Evaporation heat transfer rates of hydrophilic treatment tubes are improved substantially, comparing with those of conventional copper tubes in the wide range of operating parameters, such as water inlet temperatures, water mass flow rates and evaporation pressures.


LY warm-mix agent composes several waste materials.Through testing and comparing the performance of warm-mix asphalt mixture prepared by LY and hot-mix asphalt mixture it is found that the performance of asphalt mixture using LY is improved significantly and better than HMA.


This study examined how Vietnamese learners of Mandarin who varied in their learning experience perceived synthesized Mandarin tones. We aimed to assess whether and how learners' sensitivity to tonal correlates is commensurate with their knowledge and experience in the target language. 60 Vietnamese learners of Mandarin in Hanoi, and native speakers of Mandarin, were recruited to participate in tone identification tasks. As expected, Mandarin speakers scored the highest among all groups of listeners. More advanced Vietnamese listeners performed better than inexperienced ones and the response patterns were resemble to the native Mandarin speakers. Results also suggest that experience in Mandarin interacted significantly with certain tonal correlate.


Through stories, examples, theory, and practical methods, author Rebonato critiques current approaches in investment risk management, particularly value at risk, and recommends adjustments to focus on improved decision making.


This experimental study analyses whether reporting an accounting estimate as a key audit matter (KAM) can influence auditors' judgment about the reported estimate under the varying condition of implicit or no client pressure. Using the theory of moral licensing, motivated reasoning and accountability, we find that auditors' professional judgment about the reasonableness of a biased accounting estimate is not affected by the KAM reporting requirement and client pressure. Professional action in the form of the likelihood and amount of proposed adjustments is significantly lower when the accounting estimate will be reported as a KAM. Instead of enhancing professional skepticism, our results provide preliminary evidence that the format of reporting KAM can serve as moral license to waive an adjustment. Overall, our study contributes to the current debate about the audit reporting model showing that reporting KAM might have diametrical 'real effects' on auditors' judgment.


In both the strategy and human resource management literatures, there has been growing interest in understanding how human resource systems contribute to organizational effectiveness. However, cros...


This paper deals with the qualitative analysis of the solutions to a model that refers to the competition between the immune system and an aggressive host such as a tumor. The model which describes this competition is governed by a system of differential equations with one delay. It is shown that the dynamics depends crucially on the time delay parameter. By using the time delay as a parameter of bifurcation, the analysis is focused on the Hopf bifurcation problem to predict the occurrence of a limit cycle bifurcating from the nontrivial steady state. The obtained results depict the oscillations, given by simulations (see [M. Galach, Int. J. Appl. Math. Comput. Sci., 13 (2003), pp. 395–406]), which are observed in reality (see [D. Kirschner and J. C. Panetta, J. Math. Biol., 37 (1998), pp. 235–252]). It is suggested to examine by laboratory experiments how to employ these results for control of tumor growth.


THIS IS THE THIRD in a series of experiments dealing with problem solving and prior learning. In each of these experiments, the Sswere presented with two (or more) hierarchically related aspects, prerequisite (P) and criterion (C), of some abstract card material (10, 11) and were tested on (training) problems defined at the C level. Both the P and C materials were presented via ordinary disc ourse. The words, symbols, and/or graphic materials used to denote P notions were also used in presenting the C material. The C material consisted of adefinition of the training problems, an illustrative problem, its solution, and pointing out relationships between the problem and its solution. Performance was test ed on both the training problems, and new, though related^transfer problems. In experiment one, Scandura (12) found that prac tice, with feedback, at the P level facilitated prob lem solving performance whereas practice in solv ing the problems themselves did not. These effects were attributed to increasing familiarity with P d? notants thereby facilitating C learning. In experi ment two (13) exposure to information about the problems, coupled with related practice, r e 1 i ably improved problem solving performance, via an al gorithm, but only when the information was either specifically used to describe the algorithm or clear ly provided a basis for modifying the algorithm taught so as to successfully attack transfer prob lems. Other information about the problems, and particularly definition of the problems, in terms of component elements, did not facilitate problem solv ing in any case. Although no direct comparison was possible, the effect of exposure with practice in ex periment two appeared to be considerably stronger than the experiment one effect due to practice alone. The present study was concerned with three var iables: 1) amount of relevant prior P knowledge, 2) order of presenting the P and C material, and 3) prerequisite practice. Previous studies (3, 4) have shown that there is a strong relationship between P achievement and C learning. Successful performance on C tasks a 1 most never obtained without the prior acquisition of all prerequisites. Nonetheless, in these studies, de gree of P learning was not experimentally manipu lated; as such, it was not demonstrated to be a caus al factor in improving C test performance. Some unknown factor may have concomitantly improved I performance on both the P and C tests. Inthepres | ent study, P learning was an independent, rather than dependent, variable. This study was not, how ever, simply concerned with comparing the effects of prelearning versus no prelearning. The question asked was whether mere exposure to abstract P ma terial is suff icientfor successful C test performance. This question is an apparent assumption in many college mathematics classrooms. The second variable of concern was the order of presenting the P and C material. In the previously cited studies (12, 13), a proaction par ad ig m was used. The experimental Ss were presented f i r s t with Task A (with practice), then TaskB, and finally were tested on Task B. The control Ss were either given Task A without practice or were not shown Task A. Although it was postulated that the relation I ship between Tasks A and B may have been a criti cal boundary condition for the experimental findings, I the design did not allow definitive statements in this ? regard. The P material may have improved prob lem solving directly and not by mediating C learn ing. Comparing the two possible orders of present ing the P and C material would settle the issue. If P learning facilitates C learning then the presenta tion order PC should result in better problem solv ing performance than the order CP. The effects on problem solving of P practice were also determined. In accordance with the pre ceding discussion, P practice was hypothesized to affect problem solving by increasing P learning on ly in the presentation order PC. In effect, this as pect of the study represented an attempt to both rep


An algorithm based on node space function for nonuniformly arranging the nodes automatically and for generating background cells is presented regarding to the shape with irregular boundary. This algorithm has the advantages of perfect adaptability to regions with irregular shape and arbitrary densification of nodes, easy implementation and less time consumption. These auto-arranged discrete nodes can be adopted to implement the numerical computation by meshless method directly and can also be used to generate background cells easily and efficiently. Furthermore, the generated background cells can also be applied to numerical result datum of posttreatment.


The RD, Hep-2 and L20B Cells were separately used for poliovirus isolation,identification and virus titration of 73 stool specimens and also for 64 other known viruses. The results shoed that L20B oh possesses very good specificity,it gave a 100% detedion rate ofpoliovirus in the known specimens and 13.7% in stool suspension, that were all higher than thatby RD and Hep-2 oh. None of the enteroviruses replicated in L20B Cells. Using RD and L20BCells to virus isolation is superior to an and Hep-2 Cells, they could raise the detection rate ofpoliovirus by 4.1 1%. For titration of 29 strains of virus, the RD, Hep- 2 and L20B Cells showed different degree of sensitivity, they may rank as RDL20BHep-2.


Distributed generation (DG) is predicted to play an important role in the electric power system in the near future. It is widely accepted that micro turbine-generation are currently attracting lot of attention to meet users' need in the distributed generation market. In order to investigate the ability of microturbine units in distribution systems, their efficient modeling is required. This paper presents a dynamic model of a micro-turbine generator system. The model is developed in the MATLAB/Simulink and implemented in SimPowerSystems library. The model is built from the dynamics of each part with their interconnections. This simplified model is a useful tool for studying the various operational aspects of micro turbines. The performance of developed model is studied by connecting it to an isolated load


Dimensional heterogeneous model of a Fischer–Tropsch (FT) reactor synthesis with a fixed catalyst bed in approximation of isothermal pellets is developed. The simulation of the FT process for laboratory reactor is conducted. Effect of the linear velocity of the gas stream and the inner diameter reactors on the thermal stability of the process is considered. It is shown that the size of the reactor is limited by the possibility of a «thermal explosion» in a frontal layer of the catalyst. The increasing of linear gas velocity increases the heat transfer and thus reduces overheating of the catalyst bed. It is shown that the process of preparing solid hydrocarbons may be carried out in a reactor of diameter not exceeding 18 mm. The maximum temperature variation in the length of the reactor 3, 4 and 6 m is 4,7, 4,2 and 3,6 °C respectively according to calculation. The conversion of CO in this case is 35,0, 34,4 and 33,9 %, respectively. Production of liquid hydrocarbons in high performance reactor requires to reduce the reactor internal diameter down to 12 mm. The maximum temperature variation in the length of the 3, 4 and 6 m is 9,6, 8,7 and 7,6 °C, and the CO conversion – 78,0, 77,4 and 76,7 % respectively. Developed mathematical model allows to estimate the parameters of the designed reactors and conditions of the FT synthesis, aimed to obtaining of solid or liquid hydrocarbons.


In 1991~1996 year,the observation method of fixed position of runoff plots was used to study the loss amounts of soil and water, and its nutrient and tree growth of Pinus massoniana young forests of different ploughing in Guiping city of Guangxi. The results show:①Mean amounts of water and soil loss of Pinus massoniana young forest land with overall plough, band plough and cave plough is 1 354.8, 1 142.5,1 096.8t/hm 2.a respeetively. Mean amounts of nutrient loss of overall Ploughging, band ploughing and cave ploughing is 166.17, 76.27,39.82 kg/hm 2.a respectively. ②Seasonal dynamics of water and soil loss was mainly restricted by seasonal distribution of rainfall, summerspringautumnwinter, May to August is 78.2%~82.7% of yearly total losses.③Stocking of Pinus massoniana young forest(6 years) with overall plough, band plough and cave plough is 42.8,29.51,36.16 m 3/hm 2 respectively,the ratio of input and output is 2.57,2.24,2.99 respectively.


There is an ongoing debate to which extent the phenotypic plasticity is associated with the shade-tolerance of species along a broad environmental gradient. Seedlings of five species of varying shade tolerance were grown under each of the four combinations of high and low light or nutrient availabilities in shade houses. Leaf, fine root and whole-plant traits were measured to evaluate the phenotypic plasticity in seedlings of five species in response to light and nutrition gradients. Generally, leaf nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations, specific leaf area (SLA), leaf area ratio, specific fine-root length and surface area (SRL, SRSA), leaf mass ratio, and relative growth rate decreased, whereas total root mass ratio increased with increasing shade tolerance of species, indicating light-demanding species had higher ability to capture aboveand below-ground resources and thus had higher growth rate than shade-tolerant species. Light was a more important limiting factor than soil nutrients for the five studied species; and the light responsiveness at different nutrient availability for most morphological variables was similar among different species. In response to light and nutrient gradients, the mean plasticity index of all variables measured did not differ significantly among the five species, indicating that the species with contrasting shade tolerance have similar plasticity. There were significantly positive correlations in leaf area (mass) and fine-root surface area (mass) for each species along light and nutrient gradients. Moreover, there were significant correlations between leaf and fine-root nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations, leaf area and fine-root surface area, SLA and SRL or SRSA across all species and treatments. Our result thus provided an evidence of a common leaf and root traits syndrome linking traits to effects on plant and ecosystem process.


Tubular torsion beam of high strength steel is going about in an automotive rear axle due to the advantage of light weight and efficient rear packaging capability. High strength tubular beam can be manufactured by the hydroforming in order to ensure dimensional accuracy, while a conventional stamping has been used for steel tubular beam. Internal pressure, feeding and their combination are the key factors of controlling the process. Based on the numerical simulation and try-outs, the optimized hydroforming process conditions for the high strength tubular beam were suggested.


Terahertz (THz) communications are envisioned as a critical technology for 6G and enable ultra-fast dense networks with tiny cells. Implementing THz-enabled ultra-fast cells requires new techniques due to its 3D nature. Stochastic geometry is a tool that is widely used for network deployment, which provides tractability and feasibility. In this article, we provide a summary of 3D network modeling for the THz system. We discuss the new 6G ultra-cell scenario along with a potential 3D network architecture. Several recent developments in network modeling applying a stochastic geometry-based clustered process are also presented. We also discuss several potential network modeling techniques such as Poisson Voronoi (PV) tessellation, Thomas cluster process (TCP), and Matérn cluster process (MCP). Subsequently, a 3D network model for THz-band ultra-cell is demonstrated. Finally, we discuss major KPIs for 3D stochastic geometry and conclude with research challenges and open issues for 3D THz architectures.


Uses a company study focusing on Lexus, a Toyota dealership, to examine the importance of person‐to‐person relationships in sales. Describes various features of the service strategy used by Lexus dealers. Concludes with figures demonstrating the success of the Lexus philosophy.


This paper examines the ability of two recent approaches to estimate implied risk neutral probability density functions (RNDs) - the smoothed implied volatility smile method (SML) and the density functionals based on the confluent hypergeometric functions (DFCH) from the prices of European-style options. A Monte Carlo experiment is conducted to compare the capability of the two techniques to recover simulated distributions based on Heston's (1993) stochastic volatility model. The paper investigates the accuracy and stability of the two methods via two categories of estimated summary statistics. We find that while the SML method outperforms the DFCH method for the summary statistics which are sensitive to the tails of the distribution, the DFCH method dominates the SML method for the summary statistics that are less sensitive to outliers. Due to the lack of observations in the tails when estimating RNDs, we feel that the most appropriate measures for comparing the two methods are the ones less sensitive to extreme values. In this sense, the DFCH method seems to be more appealing. We also apply the two methods via an empirical application.


Fabrication of electrospun fibrous scaffolds as future medical devices is being widely researched, with particular emphasis given to their material properties and effect on cell response and differentiation. However, the vast majority of these scaffolds are sterilized via nonmedically approved methods, including submersion in ethanol and exposure to UV light. Although these techniques are adequate for laboratory-based research, they are not sufficient for human implantation. In this case, regulatory approved, medical grade sterilization is required. In this study, we report the effects of gamma irradiation, a regulatory approved technique, on electrospun poly(?-caprolactone) fibers. Fabricated fibers were separately subjected to different dosages of irradiation ranging from 0 to 45 kGy and then assessed for their physicochemical properties. Gamma irradiation affected fiber properties irrespective of dosage. A dose-dependent decrease in polymer molecular weight was observed and an increase in melting point and crystallinity reported. Similarly, irradiation had a significant effect on mechanical properties with greatest decrease in tensile strength (68%) for fibers exposed to 40 kGy. The method of sterilization had no effect on cell response. Seeded tenocytes attached to all fibers and elongated parallel to the underlying fiber direction. The results demonstrate the importance of incorporating medical grade sterilization procedures early in the research projects time line to assist translation from bench to clinic. � 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys, 2012


1. Bromilow IM, Adams KE, Hope J, Eggington JA, Duguid JK. Evaluation of the ID-gel test for antibody screening and identification. Transfus Med 1991;1:159-61. 2. Australian and New Zealand Society of Blood Transfusion. Guidelines for pretransfusion laboratory practice. 5th ed. Sydney: ANZSBT; 2007. 3. Skaik YA, Overfield J. Detection of red cell antibodies: comparison of two low ionic strength diluents. Br J Biomed Sci 2006;63:18-20. 4. Grey D, Connolly M, Erber WN. Comparison of low ionic diluents for use with the Diamed antiglobulin test. Transfus Med 2002;12:63-9. 5. Chiaroni J, Touinssi M, Mazet M, De Micco P, Ferrera V. Adsorption of autoantibodies in the presence of LISS to detect alloantibodies underlying warm autoantibodies. Transfusion 2003;43:651-5.


Modern power networks are operating under heavy stress due to the intrusion of unprecedented loads and unpredictable energy resources. Networks are operated at their peak capacity to meet the demand. These circumstances forced the operators to opt for Wide Area Measurements and Control (WAMC) schemes for real-time monitoring, control, and protection. Synchrophaosr technology has evolved as a promising technology for the implementation of WAMC. Phasor Measurement Units (PMUs) can provide the synchrophasor data along with frequency and Rate of Change of Frequency (ROCOF). Whereas the deployment of these devices was limited due to higher price tags. This constraint has been dealt with in this study by identifying the optimal locations for PMU placement considering the measurement redundancy.In the present study, the optimal PMU placement problem is formulated using binary decision variables (1,0) representing the existence or non-existence of PMU at that bus. Initially, an additive algorithm to solve linear problems with binary decision variables, Balas additive algorithm (BAA) is tested to solve the optimal PMU placement problem. After understanding the challenges a nature-inspired algorithm, Binary Particle Swarm Optimization (BPSO) technique is used to solve the problem. While maintaining the complete system observability, the presence of Zero Injection Busses (ZIB) is also exploited to reduce the count of PMUs. Consequences of optimal placement problem (OPP) like, measurement reliability is also addressed considering redundancy in measurements. Finally, the existence of multiple solutions was solved by introducing Bus Observability Index (BOI) and the System Observability Redundancy Index (SORI) rankings. Algorithms are tested on standard IEEE systems. Results have shown, less than 25% of the busses demanded PMU placement for full system observability, at the same time the number of installations increased with measurement redundancy.


The increased participation of women in education as students and as a career has led to questions regarding the impact on the education industry including the challenges this presents for women union activists. Three speakers at the 2011 NTEU Women's Conference addressed different aspects of these challenges and as this was in the first session it set the scene for further discussions over the next two days.


We consider a family of quantum graphs { ( Γ ,  ε ) } ε > 0 ?> , where Γ is a Z n ?> -periodic metric graph and the periodic Hamiltonian  ε ?> is defined by the operation − ε − 1 d 2 d x 2 ?> on the edges of Γ and either δ ′ ?> -type conditions or the Kirchhoff conditions at its vertices. Here ε > 0 ?> is a small parameter. We show that the spectrum of  ε ?> has at least m gaps as ε → 0 ?> ( m ∈ N ?> is a predefined number), moreover the location of these gaps can be nicely controlled via a suitable choice of the geometry of Γ and of coupling constants involved in δ ′ ?> -type conditions.


A method and system for providing personalized and integrated online services for communications and commercial transactions both in private and public venues. The invention provides personalized information that is conveniently accessible through a network of public access stations (or terminals) which are enabled by a personal system access card (e.g., smart card). The invention also provides advertisers the opportunity to directly engage actual and potential user-consumers with selected advertising or marketing content based on each user's profile and usage history.


When we talk about running a lasting business that experiences drastic growth, a social media presence is critical. Having the knowledge of social media and its necessity, running a successful social media marketing campaign is totally a different idea. In fact, when it comes to establishing a social media presence that makes an impact, understanding the interest of all users & based on it publishing the required information as per their tastes is an important factor. For advertising campaigns and product development, discovering the appropriate target markets and audience is an important stage in the market research. This paper aims to focus on four important works i.e. Identifying the target users, Designing of market strategy/plan, Building the marketing network (groups) & Statistical analysis of categories. Influentiality of target user has been discussed with real time instances. Categories have been found based on their influence by using clustering technique. Lastly, ended with statistical analysis that includes graphical representation of highly influenced users. Further this paper helps to extract emotional feelings of the user so that any related articles, posts or videos can be posted to that user.


In 1987-1989, rescue excavations led to the discovery of major remains of the early phases of the old stronghold, the later Saint- Donatian church and the adjoining canons' cloister. ; The first and probably Carolingian (9th century) stronghold required the extension of a pleistocene sand-ridge (already used in Roman times) into a low, marshy area with a thick peat layer. Two phases could be identified, but it is not clear how much time elapsed between them. First, the area was raised, leading to a rampart resting on successive layers of brushwood and branches and protected by a shallow moat cut into the peat. Soon, however, this provisional structure was replaced with a more important one, built on top of it and protected with a much deeper moat. Probably already during its construction, the later rampart was strengthened with heavy oak timbers which were to prevent it from sliding into the moat and the marshy depression. ; Located along the northern perimeter of the earliest "castrum\ these defense-works thus consisted of a moat and a rampart, presumably with a palissade on top, forming a partly circular pattern, proceeding the later, 1 lth-century square-shaped "castrum\ The moat probably linked two natural branches of the river Reie (the Kraanrei and the Groene Rei). ; Of the earliest, mid- 10th-century (count Arnulf I) Saint-Donatian church (with central plan), the eastern wall of the choir could be studied, while the site also yielded part of the ' dormitoriunC of the equally mid- 10th-century canons' cloister. These building operations required the earlier defenses to be eradicated and the enclosed area to be reorganised and extended. A 10th-century stone wall enclosed the area.


The nymphs of Dolomedes sulfureus were reared at 25°C with long and short photoperiods. Under long photoperiod, 4 individuals out of 15 developed successfully to adult. Under short photoperiod, however, there occurred a developmental retardation in the period after 5-6th instar, and finally all individuals failed to complete their development.


We present the distribution map of the far-infrared [OIII] 88um line emission around the 30 Doradus (30 Dor) region in the Large Magellanic Cloud obtained with the Fourier Transform Spectrometer of the Far-Infrared Surveyor onboard AKARI. The map reveals that the [OIII] emission is widely distributed by more than 10' around the super star cluster R136, implying that the 30 Dor region is affluent with interstellar radiation field hard enough to ionize O^{2+}. The observed [OIII] line intensities are as high as (1-2) x 10^{-6} W m^{-2} sr^{-1} on the peripheral regions 4'-5' away from the center of 30 Dor, which requires gas densities of 60-100 cm^{-3}. However the observed size of the distribution of the [OIII] emission is too large to be explained by massive stars in the 30 Dor region enshrouded by clouds with the constant gas density of 10^2 cm^{-3}. Therefore the surrounding structure is likely to be highly clumpy. We also find a global correlation between the [OIII] and the far-infrared continuum emission, suggesting that the gas and dust are well mixed in the highly-ionized region where the dust survives in clumpy dense clouds shielded from the energetic photons.


Mark Griffiths reflects on the realities, implications and consequences of "screen time" in the context of gaming. He argues that it is not about the amount of screen use, but rather about its content and context. His piece follows a special workshop¹ convened by the Media Policy Project and Parenting for a Digital Future on 'Families and "screen-time": challenges of media self-regulation' and the publication of a new policy brief about families and "screen time", authored by Alicia Blum-Ross and Sonia Livingstone. Mark is a Chartered Psychologist, Professor of Gambling Studies at the Nottingham Trent University, and Director of the International Gaming Research Unit.


Abstract This dissertation demonstrates that the ancient source traditions which furnish historians with information concerning Alexander the Great's subjugation of India are deeply complex and often underappreciated as being such. This is done through a systematic analysis of the various extant and fragmentary traditions surrounding this period. Therefore, the evidence of the authors who wrote about Alexander's Indian campaign directly after, or within a generation or so of it, are first discussed. This involves primarily a study of the extant fragments of many of the men who accompanied Alexander himself. This is followed by an investigation into the so-called 'secondary authors', or our extant histories of Alexander. The focus here is on evaluating the transmission of detail, bias, and distortion through the various aims, methods and prejudices of these later historians. Following this, there is a discussion of the numismatic evidence relating to the Indian campaign. This involves a study of Alexander's 'elephant medallions' and various coins of the Diadochoi in which the intricacies of our documentary evidence is made evident. Finally, there is included in this dissertation a case study in which the problematic nature of the ancient evidence surrounding this period of the great conqueror's life is shown. This is comprised of a detailed analysis of the evidence for the battle of the Hydaspes.


Conventional feature extraction methods and a novel variant of the self-organizing map (enabling automatic feature extraction and clustering) are described and investigated for their usefulness in the recognition of bearing failures in a submersible pump. Utilization of spectral features yields adequate results for measurements at one machine running speed, experiments with the ASSOM indicate that it is possible to recognize faults without explicit preprocessing, where also the running speed need not be constant.


Tsolis et al., reveal that the regulation of protein secretion in a Gram positive bacterial model is complex. Some of this regulation is transcriptional but a lot occurs post-transcriptionally and affects different exported proteins in different ways. Main Sec and chaperone machineries are not part of this regulation. Graphical Abstract Highlights Stable and variable secretomes detected in a Gram+ bacterial model. Quantitative and qualitative changes to a secretome subset. Transcriptional regulation but not export machinery levels account for secretome changes. Unknown post-transcriptional mechanisms link metabolism to secretion. Protein secretion is a central biological process in all organisms. Most studies dissecting bacterial secretion mechanisms have focused on Gram-negative cell envelopes such as that of Escherichia coli. However, proteomics analyses in Gram negatives is hampered by their outer membrane. Here we studied protein secretion in the Gram-positive bacterium Streptomyces lividans TK24, in which most of the secretome is released in the growth medium. We monitored changes of the secretome as a function of growth phase and medium. We determined distinct protein classes of "house-keeping" secreted proteins that do not change their appearance or abundance in the various media and growth phases. These comprise mainly enzymes involved in cell wall maintenance and basic transport. In addition, we detected significant abundance and content changes to a sub-set of the proteome, as a function of growth in the different media. These did not depend on the media being minimal or rich. Transcriptional regulation but not changes in export machinery components can explain some of these changes. However, additional downstream mechanisms must be important for selective secretome funneling. These observations lay the foundations of using S. lividans as a model organism to study how metabolism is linked to optimal secretion and help develop rational optimization of heterologous protein production.


Nonwoven geotextiles made from hybridization of natural and synthetic fibers can potentially offer distinct advantages in terms of uniformity and improved mechanical properties. To further enhance the mechanical properties of hybrid nonwoven geotextiles, natural fibers such as jute must be treated with a minimal amount of alkali, such that the treatment process becomes scalable, cost-effective and environmentally friendly. Herein, we report a comparative analysis of physical and mechanical properties between the corresponding samples of untreated (UT) jute/polypropylene (PP) and mild alkali-treated (MAT) jute/PP nonwoven geotextiles in both virgin and damaged conditions. The constituent jute fibers were treated with 0.5 wt.% of sodium hydroxide solution under ambient temperature conditions for 24 h duration. Such mild treatment of jute fibers with alkali solution resulted in considerable improvement in the mechanical properties of MAT jute/PP nonwoven geotextiles corresponding to the sets of UT jute/PP nonwoven geotextiles. Various types of damage, including circular holes, horizontal cuts, vertical cuts and inclined cuts at an angle of 45°, were artificially induced in hybrid nonwoven geotextiles to investigate the reduction in tensile properties. Further, the Poisson's ratio in virgin and damaged states was determined to make a comparison between the UT and MAT jute/PP nonwoven geotextiles. In general, lower Poisson's ratio values were observed for mechanically damaged MAT jute/PP nonwoven geotextiles corresponding to the samples of UT jute/PP nonwoven geotextiles. Surprisingly, the vertical cuts induced in MAT jute/PP nonwoven geotextiles yielded tensile strength comparable to that of virgin samples.


Abstract This article re-examines the origins of Germany's disarmament by the terms of the Treaty of Versailles in 1919. It focuses on British and French policy during World War I and at the Paris Peace Conference. It deals with both land and naval disarmament, and considers the influence of American diplomacy and of Allied public opinion. It traces the connections between the forced disarmament of the defeated countries and proposals for a larger disarmament regime to be negotiated between the victors. It stresses the role of inter-allied rivalries in undermining the stability of the disarmament settlement.


Objective: To determine the natural history of cystic vestibular schwannomas (VS). Study Design: Retrospective cohort. Setting: Single tertiary academic hospital. Patients: Adults diagnosed with cystic VS who had at least 2 MRIs performed at least 6 months apart between 2008 and 2016 with no intervening treatment. Main Outcome Measures: Volumetric growth rates of both the entire tumor and individual cystic and solid components were measured. Linear growth rate of the entire tumor was assessed using the largest diameter parallel to the petrous face at the cerebellopontine angle (CPA). Results: Twenty-one patients met inclusion criteria. The average volumetric growth rate of the tumor was 1.1 ± 2 (range: −1.2 to 7.8), while the average growth rate of the cystic component was 0.8 ± 1.6 (range: −0.5 to 5.3) cm3/year. The CPA diameter of the tumor demonstrated an average linear growth rate of was 1.2 ± 4.4 (range: −8to 13.5) mm/year. With regards to tumor diameter, 9/21 (42.9%) remained stable, 3/21 (14.2%) decreased in size, while 9/21 (42.9%) increased in size. Conclusions: Cystic tumors demonstrate a wide variability in growth rate. Larger, multi-center studies will be required to further compare this relationship to solid tumors.


We plan to develop a low-emittance muon beam for the next-generation muon facility at LANSCE. Use of a large-acceptance muon linear accelerator is a key technique for our scheme, and a preliminary accelerator design has been made. Description of high-collection low-emittance muon generation and some results of the simulations are described.


Although BTEC has considerably refined its approach to the development and embedding of common skills (core skills) within its Higher National Programmes in recent years, argues that there are still a number of problems associated with the practical operation of this strategy and obstacles to a deeper acceptance of the common skills pedagogy within a higher education context remain. From a survey of students who completed a Higher National Diploma at Sheffield Business School in 1993 the crucial issues in this respect were seen to be the complexity of the common skills strategy, difficulties in the area of assessment, the value placed on subject knowledge by students, the lack of an acceptance of a common skills profile when applying for jobs, interviews, and further study, the fact that students thought some skills to be more important than others, and the fact that the development of skills was not undertaken with sufficient reference to probable future contexts where they could be utilized.


opportunist Pseudomonas aeruginosa in context of its ability to a mucoid substance, the alginate of the which protects it in a fluid environment. Living as part of a biofilm in an equatic environment is shown to afford a micro- organism protection against phagocytosis, bacteriophage and antibacterial agents as well as against mechanical removal. Tn natural aquatic environments adhesion of/ J . ueruyinom to clean surfaces is mediated by alginate fibres: once adherent large amounts of alginate are produced to enclose the developing micro-colonies. This biofilm also acts as a nutrient trap enabling large populations to develop even under poor nutrient conditions. In a medical context the importance of alginate production by P. aeruginosa lies in infection of patients with cystic fibrosis where the properties of the biofilm also serve to resist removal from habitat. About 1 in 2000 infants in the UK will be affected by cystic fibrosis. a disease in which there is progressive deterioration of lung function as a consequence of chronic bacterial infection. P. aeruginosa infection is common in cystic fibrosis and alginate production results in a viscid lung secretion which it is difficult for the patient to remove.


In making food choices, children innately gravitate to foods that have a sweet flavor.1 Yet, flavorings no longer are confined to foods. For example, the sweet flavor present in candy is now widespread in children's vitamins, and medicinal items like cough syrup. Vitamin and mineral supplements are consumed by approximately one-third of children in the United States.2 With a myriad of choices including different colors, shapes, candy flavorings, and cartoon characters, young consumers are bound to be satisfied. This, however, presents issues relevant not only to pediatricians, but public health practitioners, and, in the worst-case scenario, emergency care professionals. In 2012, there were nearly 50,000 calls to poison control centers in the United States due to children (those 5 and under) consuming excessive amounts of vitamins.3 Overconsumption of vitamins is a recognized risk, particularly with those that have such a close resemblance to candy.4 Similarly, cold and cough preparations accounted for 28, 837 calls regarding pediatric exposures (those 5 and under) to poison control in 2012.3 Flavorings in these products as well often resemble candy, and no doubt, make this product more palatable. While these are products often thought of as health promoting, health professionals may overlook the possible harm of overdose simply because of the nature of the product. However, there is now an emerging concern with potential for children to be drawn to sweet flavoring and risk the possibility of being poisoned by liquid nicotine.


Summary form only given, as follows. X-ray sources in the multi-kilovolt regime are needed to serve as backlights for high energy density experiments and material testing. Current research investigates the conversion efficiency of laser-heated Ar, Xe, and Kr gas-filled targets. By choosing the initial gas density such that the final electron density is 10-20% of critical density, the gases can be efficiently heated to multi-keV temperatures throughout their volume by inverse bremsstrahlung.


A theoretical submerged flow equation for chimney weir is developed. Based on experiments conducted with five different chimney weirs, it is found that the theoretical submerged flow equation, along with a parabolic equation relating the coefficient of discharge and the ratio of upstream head to crest height, predicts the discharge accurately. The performance of the developed equation is compared with the previously developed submergence formulas for sharp-crested weirs, and it is seen that the developed equation performs better within the experimental range. Further, for simplicity, an empirical equation is also proposed, which is found to give reasonable prediction of submerged discharge.


We consider the singular $SU(3)$ Toda system with multiple singular sources \begin{align*} \left\{\begin{array}{ll}-\Delta w_1=2e^{2w_1}-e^{w_2}+2\pi\sum_{\ell=1}^m\beta_{1,\ell}\delta_{P_{\ell}}\quad\text{in }\mathbb{R}^2\\ \rule{0cm}{.5cm} -\Delta w_2=2e^{2w_2}-e^{w_1}+2\pi\sum_{\ell=1}^m\beta_{2,\ell}\delta_{P_{\ell}}\quad\text{in }\mathbb{R}^2 \\ w_i(x)=-2\log|x|+O(1)\quad\text{as }|x|\to\infty,\, i=1,2, \end{array}\right.\end{align*} with $m\geq 3$ and $\beta_{i,\ell}\in [0,1)$. We prove the existence and non-existence results under suitable assumptions on $\beta_{i,\ell}$. This generalizes Luo-Tian's \cite{Luo-Tian} result for a singular Liouville equation in $\mathbb{R}^2$. We also study existence results for a higher order singular Liouville equation in $\mathbb{R}^n$.


Background: Colorectal carcinoma is one of the common gastrointestinal malignant tumors in our country. It has been demonstrated that changes of β-catenin and its related genes as well as adhesion molecule cadherins play important roles in the development and progression of colorectal carcinoma. Aims: To investigate the relevance of expressions of β-catenin, E-cadherin, and the biological behavior of colorectal carcinoma, as well as their possibility of being taken as prognostic markers. Methods: Immunohistochemical studies of β-catenin and E-cadherin expressions were conducted in 60 colorectal carcinoma specimens, 60 corresponding paracancerous tissues and 24 metastatic lymph node specimens. The patients were followed-up postoperatively for the survival rate. Results: The proportions of abnormal expressions of β-catenin and E-cadherin in colorectal cancerous tissues were significantly higher than those in the corresponding paracancerous tissues, and the abnormality rates increased with decreased degree of tumor differentiation and increased Dukes staging. Concordantly, the postoperative two-year survival rate in those with abnormal expression of β-catenin and E-cadherin were much lower than those with normal expression (P0.05). Conclusions: Abnormal expression of β-catenin and E-cadherin can be promising markers for predicting presence of invasion and metastasis and can be prognostic predictors of colorectal carcinoma.


Progress at the sector of industry and trade market has important posisition for economy growth. This current condition makes every company must increase
their economy activity effectively and eficiently, especially in sale activity. Sale activity has important role because it is generate any income. So sale activity needs to be controllable. Control of sale needs reports which analyzing all of sale activities so it can be correctable. Company needs create an independent unit who can execute audit intern process inside the company itself.
Audit intern, as undirect positition with operations activity, can assess all activity of the company, and it can also provide help to get the correct information
and accurate objective related to data sale which will be used as decision maker.
This research will use analyst describe method which is a research with aim goal describing, analyzing, and conclude from object condition based finding during the
process of research, while gathering data only execute from field research technique which are interview, observation and quesionnair and literature studies.
The writer take a hipotesis that "complete intern audit may increase sale efectivity". After doing the research, the writer will get data and information about the big picture of the company, intern audit activity, internal control for increase sale efectivity, intern control. Then the writer will do hipotesis test with champion method. Based on that research and explanation, the writer conclude that intern
audit has role in increasing efectivity of intern control sale at PT. Telkom Indonesia Tbk.


A 62 years-old uremic patient who was treated with hemodialysis by heparin developed severe thrombocytopenia during hemodialysis. On admisson, when acute renal failure by diabetic nephrophathy was confirmed, the dialysis was carried out immediately through Shaldon catheter fixed into the femoral vein.In eight and nine consecutive treatments of hemodialysis, massive clot formation in the dialyzer occurred in association with severe thrombocytopenia, and elevations of FDP and platelet release proteins. After aspirin intake, thrombocytopenia restored gradually and no clot formation in the dialyzer occurred.Heparin induced platelet aggregation was demonstrated from the mixture of patient's PPP with normal PRP, and the addition of aspirin in vitro prevented completly heparin induced platelet aggregation. It was also confirmed that IgG purified from patient's PPP induced the platelet aggregation. In conclusion, a patient with heparin induced thrombocytopenia was found in the treatment of dialysis, and aspirin combined with heparin was effective in the next consecutive dialysis treatments performed.


The Variscan and partly Alpine metamorphic Austroalpine basement to the south of the central Tauern Window is subdivided into four lithological units: 1) Northern Defereggen/Petzeck Group with the metabasic Rotenkogel, Torkogel, Michelbach and Prijakt Subgroups. 2) Durreck (Cima Dura) Muscoviteschist Group. 3) Defereggen Group. 4) Palaeozoic Thurntaler Phyllite Group. Several suites of meta-magmatic rocks can be characterized by whole-rock geochemistry. Protolith ages of defined members in these suites were dated by the Pb-Pb single zircon evaporation method. Eclogitic amphibolites of the Prijakt Subgroup in the Schobergruppe have element abundances typical of N-MORB. Their magmatic LIL and LREE enrichment and (Th/Ta)N of 1.38–2.5 can be interpreted as a sign of backarc magmatism. The protolith age is 590±4 Ma (weighted average from 10 zircons). Hornblende-plagioclase-gneisses of the Rotenkogel and Prijakt Subgroups have basic to intermediate compositions. They display Ti/Zr, Ti/V and Cr/Y ratios typical of calc-alkaline volcanic arc magmatites. Their protolith ages range between 550±5.9 and 533±3.8 Ma. Orthogneisses with compositions ranging from metaluminous dioritic to peraluminous granitic are closely associated with the arc magmatic suite, but occur as well widespread in the Defereggen Group. Protoliths of orthogneisses with compositions matching the continental arc granites discriminant field appear as slightly older (471 to 461 Ma) than those of orthogneisses ranging in the continental collision field (457 to 448 Ma). Geochemical signatures and REE patterns of these orthogneisses and the meta-porphyroids in the Thurntaler Phyllite Group are very similar. The meta-porphyroid protolith ages are 473±6.7 and 469±6.2 Ma. However, when corresponding single zircon ages are compared, the porphyroid volcanism appears slightly older than the granitoid plutonism. Both acid rock groups bear many inherited zircons with ages up to 1930 Ma. Amphibolites in the Northern Defereggen/Petzeck and in the Thurntaler Phyllite Groups have Zr-Ti-Y contents ranging from MORB tholeiites to withinplate alkalibasalts. A highly differentiated sample from the alkalibasalt-like suite in the Torkogel Subgroup yielded a 430±1.6 Ma Pb-Pb zircon age. The Austroalpine basement was part of an active continental margin to the north of Gondwana. Active margin development involved a Neoproterozoic extensional magmatism with backarc signature and culminated in the formation of an Early-Cambrian magmatic arc. The Ordovician acid volcanism and plutonism appears as a mature stage of this subduction-controlled evolution. An Early-Silurian alkalibasaltic magmatism then signalizes a subsequent and partly simultaneously starting passive margin evolution, which was probably related to the opening of the Palaeo-Tethys. ©Geol. Bundesanstalt, Wien; download unter www.geologie.ac.at


Such technologies as cement slurry one step returning through intermediate casing, liner hanging and screen pipe were used in completion of Well Suping-1.Due to the characteristics of large hole in the intermediate casing section and its long open interval, as well as the intermediate casing section of high inclination and small clearance, proper cement slurry system was required.Cementing technology for Well Suping-1 was studied with the descriptions of the casing program and formation characteristics.Thus, low water loss cement slurry system GSJ was determined to be used, which has been successfully used for three times and solved such cementing problems of long open interval, mass slurry, high-inclination and small clearance, etc..The quality of cementing reached the requirements of engineering.


A 13.4 MeV deuteron beam from the 1.2 meter cyclotron of Sichuan University was used to determine the protein content in wheat seeds on the basis of (d,p) reactions. The influence of the variation of the water content in seeds has been investigated.


The invention discloses a method for solving the communication deadlock of an I2C (Inter-Integrated Circuit) bus. The I2C bus comprises a serial data line (SDA) and a serial clock line (SCL); the I2C bus is provided with a host and at least one slave; the method for solving the communication deadlock of the I2C bus comprises a host-based implementation method, wherein the implementation method comprises the following steps of: (A) monitoring a working state of the I2C bus, wherein the I2C bus is in a deadlock state if the host cannot send detection information to the slave of the I2C bus; (B) when the I2C bus is in the deadlock state, resetting a host module, and controlling the SCL to generate a clock pulse signal so as to unlock the slave of the I2C in the deadlock state; and (C) after unlocking the slave, reinitializing the host module to enable the normal work of the communication of the I2C bus again. According to the method for solving the communication deadlock of the I2C bus provided by the invention, no additional circuits are added, no additional cost is increased, the method for solving the communication deadlock of the I2C bus is applicable to any slave, the problem of deadlock can be rapidly and accurately solved, and no adverse effect can be brought for the normal operation of equipment.


The Bamboo Slips unearthed in Liye provide further insight into the institution of governmental field of Qin dynasty,which were divided into Du-guan(都官)、Jun-xian(郡县)and Tian-bu(田部)by the management institutions.The labor force consists of criminals、slaves and soldiers,and in some cases the field is also rent to peasants.All the harvests and spendings from the field are in the charge of by the Cang-shefu(仓啬夫).The financial report and the inspection is very strict.According to the financial situation of governmental fields,there was no distinction between the royal family finance and state finance.And the income of governmental fields is one of the important sources of finance.


I propose to add two very general constraints to the standard rendition of production functions. These constraints naturally open the analysis of production functions to recursion theory. Some powerful results are exploited and applied to certain aspects of the theory of production. In particular, I prove some theorems and propositions that are indicate how research and development and the emergence of technological innovations (or ideas) are naturally embedded in this approach. Next, I show how some known contributions to economic theory from different fields, such as growth theory and production theory with indivisibilities, can also be interpreted as attempts to overcome certain shortcomings of the standard theory that, I argue, can be automatically dealt with in the same proposed framework.


Objective: We aimed to compare the efficacy of isosorbide mononitrate and doxazosin in the treatment of lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS). Patients and Methods: 80 patients with LUTS were included in this randomized clinical study. All patients were evaluated with uroflowmetry, post-void residual (PVR) urine, prostate volume, International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS), serum PSA, urinalysis and culture. 40 patients were prescribed doxazosin for 4 weeks, another 40 were prescribed isosorbide mononitrate for 4 weeks. Urologic re-evaluation was done at the end of the study. Results: 74 patients completed the study. The mean age of patients was 59.6 ± 0.7 years, the mean PSA value was 1.7 ± 0.1 ng/ml and the mean prostate volume was 41.9 ± 1.7 ml. Doxazosin markedly improved IPSS (from 16.2 ± 0.7 to 9.5 ± 0.5), maximum urinary flow rate (from 10.9 ± 0.7 to 12.8 ± 0.6 ml/s) and PVR urine (from 68.1 ± 9.4 to 39.0 ± 4.4 ml) (p < 0.0001, p < 0.0001, p = 0.0004, respectively). Isosorbide only improved IPSS (from 16.5 ± 0.9 to 14.6 ± 0.8) (p = 0.032). Conclusions: Daily administration of isosorbide does not seem to be an alternative to α-blocker therapy. Controlled, randomized novel studies are required to establish that whether nitric oxide donors are an effective alternative in LUTS treatment.


The inhibitory effect of monoacylglycerols on bacteria of the genus Lactococcus. Presented master thesis deals with possible use of monoacylglycerols as antimicrobial substances against Lactococcus bacteria. Theoretical part is focused on characterisation, classification and physico-chemical properties of monoacylglycerols. Their production and use are mentioned. Biogenic amines are characterised; their origin, occurrence, possibilities of determination and their effect on organism are presented as well. Practical part deals with both the evaluation of inhibition effect of monoacylglycerols and the decarboxylase activity of the Lactococcus bacteria.


Existing proposals to address trusted end-to-end communication tend to focus on attestation between client applications and their enterprise servers. These proposals have given little or no consideration to the vulnerabilities between client applications and their users, resulting in identity thefts or impersonator. To address this problem, we propose a biometric enabled portable Trusted Computing Platform (portable TCP). The proposed platform coordinates two stage authentication and subsequent integrity check to provide trusted pathways amongst users, applications, and enterprise servers. We describe the proposed solution and its implementation.


Background: Thyroid lesions are the important clinical problems encountered in most of patients coming to the tertiary
care centre. Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology (FNAC) is the widely accepted diagnostic technique in thyroid lesions. A
solitary thyroid nodule is dened as a palpable, single, clinically detectable nodule in the thyroid. They cause more concern because of high
probability of malignancy in them, which can range from 5-35% of all solitary thyroid nodules. Nodular lesion comprises those disorders that
produce a clinical nodule and consists of non-neoplastic hyperplasia as well as benign and malignant tumors.
Aims and Objectives:To study the spectrum of clinical presentation of individuals with thyroid lesions and cytomorphological features.
Material and methods: A retrospective study was carried out in cytopathology section in Department of Pathology from January 2015 to
December 2017. Total 212 patients with palpable thyroid swelling referred from the OPD of J.A hospital for FNAC were included in the study.
The smears made from the aspirate were air dried and stained with May-Grunwald-Giemsa (MGG) stain.
Result: The present study was carried out in the Department of Pathology from January 2015 to December 2017. Out of 212 cases most common
thyroid lesion was Colloid goitre 35.38%(n=75) followed by Colloid goitre with cystic changes 19.81%(n=42), Follicular Neoplasm
19.34%(n=41), Hashimoto thyroiditis 7.55%(n=16), Colloid cyst 6.13%(n=13), Infected cystic lesion 2.83%(n=6), Benign hyperplasia of
thyroid 2.36%(n=5), Adenomatoid goitre 1.89%(n=4), Thyroglossal cyst 1.89%(n=4), Granulomatous thyroiditis 1.41%(n=3), Papillary
thyroid carcinoma 0.94%(n=2) and least common was Lymphoma of thyroid 0.47%(n=1).
Conclusion: FNAC is almost an accurate technique in diagnosis of palpable and overt thyroid lesions. Thyroid lesions are more common in
females than males. Colloid goitre is the commonest thyroid lesion.


T hose of us working in the healthcare sector sometimes tend to forget the big picture. When thinking about what influences health we usually think of health related services and individual choices and lifestyles. Although these are important, other issues have more influence on the health of individuals and communities, such as education, employment and working conditions, sanitation, housing, and income.

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Eds John Kemm, Jayne Parry, Stephen Palmer

Oxford University Press, £34.50, pp 450 ISBN 0 19 852629 6

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Health impact assessment is an emerging tool in the field of public health, the …

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Magnet eddy current loss is very important for any types of permanent magnet machines, especially for high-speed permanent magnet machine since it increases significantly with rotating speed and has a great effect on the temperature of magnet material, and hence the electromagnetic performance, as well as irreversible demagnetization of the magnets. In this paper, a new method is proposed to reduce the rotor permanent magnet eddy current loss. The auxiliary slots with optimized size and position are proposed. By this mean, the asynchronous spatial harmonics caused by the armature reaction and the conventional slots can be partially cancelled by the harmonics produced by the introduced auxiliary slots. It is proved that the rated on-load magnet eddy current loss can be reduced as much as 85% by this method while the rated on-load torque is only decreased by 4.8%.


LUTZ, JENNIFER RENEE. A Spoiled Identity? An Examination of the Reflected Appraisal Process among True Deviants and the Falsely Accused. (Under the direction of Dr. Stacy De Coster). Working from an interactionists perspective, Matsueda's (1992) model of reflected appraisals suggests that appraisals of youths as troublemakers by significant others – actual appraisalsaffect the way in which youths consider themselves from the perspective of others – reflected appraisals. With a reflected appraisal deciding whether a youth continues with delinquent behavior. This theory assumes that the identity process suggested in this model operates similarly for those individuals who are falsely labeled as deviant and those who commit acts of deviance prior to receiving their label. Using general strain theory as an alternative explanation, this paper aims to understand delinquency among the group of falsely accused juveniles. Using structural equation modeling on a split sample analysis of delinquents and nondelinquents, the results suggests that the identity process does in fact operate differently across these two groups of juveniles. Inconsistent with the reflected appraisal model, among the nondelinquents, parents influence delinquency directly and not indirectly, through the reflected appraisal pathway. This finding suggests support for the general strain theory interpretation of false accusations and delinquency. © Copyright 2014 by Jennifer Lutz All Rights Reserved A Spoiled Identity? An Examination of the Reflected Appraisal Process among True Deviant and the Falsely Accused by Jennifer Renee Lutz A thesis submitted to the Graduate Faculty of North Carolina State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science


A new concept in the field of parametric amplifiers has been evolved which provides significant increase in the gain-bandwidth product and stability of such devices . The concept involves the use of two independent pump sources of different frequencies. In this paper, the basic idea of multiple pumping is described and the analysis of double pumped parametric amplifiers is given. The experimental results obtained with such devices at VHF and microwave frequencies are reported.


At the K.U. Leuven a software package (EPICS) that uses deterministic models to calculate the fields of antenna arrays has been developed. The software also allows one to compute important parameters of communication system like the power delay profile (PDP) and direction of arrival (DOA). Originally, it was designed to evaluate outdoor communication systems, but the emphasis has been moved towards the smaller and more difficult environments of indoor propagation. For outdoor communication the model was based only on three-dimensional physical optics (including diffuse scattering) reflection phenomena. This model has been extended by introducing penetration through walls and the uniform theory of diffraction (UTD). Also, new formulas containing Fresnel integrals and allowing closer distances between the reflecting surface and the receiver or transmitter were developed and introduced. These three aspects are also discussed.


Launching breakthrough and incremental new products is vital to firm performance; it also resonates with both ego (i.e., directly connected partners) and global (i.e., interconnected ties in an industry) network perspectives. Prior research has listed several ego network– and global network–level factors that affect innovations, but this study goes a step further, to reveal the interactions of these factors as critical product launch mechanisms. An analysis of alliance networks in the consumer packaged goods industry from 1990 to 2010 shows that a central position in a global network represents a double-edged sword: it improves a firm's incremental new product launches but harms its breakthrough new product launches. Furthermore, a firm's ego network (manifested as density and diversity) and R&D capability enable it to leverage its global network position by enhancing the benefits for incremental new products and mitigating its hazards for breakthrough new products. This study's findings thus offer new insights into the role of ego and global networks in facilitating or hindering new product launches.


The effective management of supply chains depends upon the ability of decision makers to control inventory while maintaining customer service at low cost. This paper examines an analytical model for the two-echelon one warehouse and multiple retailers system using (R, Q) inventory policies. A simulation model was developed to analyze the performance of the analytical model under conditions that violate the model's fundamental modeling assumptions. The behavior of the multi-echelon inventory model under different demand (non-Poisson) and lead-time (non-constant) conditions were observed in an experimental design. The simulation results showed that there was significant error in estimating the total system cost (tends to be underestimated) when the model assumptions are violated. The cost relative error ranged between 34% and – 40% over all the experiments examined. Models of the one warehouse and multiple retailers two-echelon inventory system are significant because they can be embedded within aggregation/disaggregation techniques that allow the general approximation of supply chain networks. Practitioners looking to utilize these models will have a better understanding of when and when not to use these models in practice.


Purpose
This study aims to investigate the relationship between trust in government, value added tax (VAT) compliance costs and VAT compliance in the Jordanian retail industry context.

Design/methodology/approach
The study makes use of an online questionnaire survey to collect the required data, and the research model is eventually validated based on 189 responses gathered from the retail industry in Jordan. The obtained data was analyzed using partial least squares-structural equation modeling to examine the effects of trust in government and costs of VAT compliance on VAT compliance.

Findings
The results showed that VAT compliance costs have no significant influence on VAT compliance; while trust in government was found statistically positive significant with VAT compliance.

Practical implications
This study's results are expected to have implications for VAT authorities and policymakers in Arab countries, like Jordan in their policies formulation to enhance VAT compliance in retail industry. The study's findings are alerting the policymakers for the positive noneconomic consequences of VAT compliance. It provides evidence that trust in government can increase VAT compliance.

Social implications
The results of the research have a plentiful of social implications. Higher VAT compliance will enable higher levels of government spending on a many of social targets such as health, education, welfare programs and infrastructure.

Originality/value
While the study builds on recent research examining how to incentivize VAT compliance, it simultaneously seeks to make three contributions. First, the study design aims to apply recent advances in behavioral sciences (impact of trust in government and VAT compliance costs) in a policy area that has not seen much use of such interventions in the Jordanian context (i.e. VAT compliance). Second, the study is government procedures pertinent in the sense that it aims to increase the effectiveness of existing government policies by complementing them with behavioral primes. Third, there is nearly no literature found applying this topic in a developing country such as Jordan. To the best of the author's knowledge, this is the first study that examines the trust in government and VAT compliance costs on VAT compliance among Jordanian retail industry. Thus, this paper contributes to mitigating the literature gap by providing empirical evidence concerning the influence of trust in government and VAT compliance costs on the retail industry VAT compliance in the Jordanian context.


: With the development of petroleum in China, most oilfields have entered the stage of high water cut development. Well ground resistivity method as a new type of electric prospecting method, which have influence on the formation of small, measuring low cost advantages, gradually become one of the key technology of remaining oil distribution in the detection of resistivity inversion is through observation of the underground space apparent resistivity data reconstruction of the underground resistivity distribution, can realize the resistivity imaging of the underground space. In order to achieve the morphological characterization and spatial location of the abnormal area of underground resistivity, and then to carry out geological interpretation, the definition and properties of resistivity inversion are summarized, and the bottleneck problems encountered in practical engineering application are re-recognized and analyzed. On this basis, the theoretical method, numerical method and inversion method based on machine learning are introduced to solve the inverse resistivity problem of underground abnormal body. The inversion method based on deep learning is emphatically introduced, and its advantages and disadvantages and applicability are evaluated. It is pointed out that inversion is an ideal tool for data analysis. Then, it is pointed out that the development direction of resistivity inversion of underground abnormal body is to propose an optimized inversion network architecture based on deep learning.


AbstractThe environment comprises soils and sediments in which micropollutants may accumulate and establish as a result of the secondary source of contamination. Micropollutants may migrate from soils into surface and grounds waters as well as cause an increase in bioavailability for organisms. Micropollutants contamination of sediments may result in the water pollution. As a result of chemical reactions taking place among the compounds present in the environment the derivatives, whose identification is fragmentary known at present, are formed. Remediation methods relying on the immobilization of contamination or its removal may be carried out in the place of its formation (in situ) or out of the place of its original location (ex situ). Bacteria being able to form biosurfactants are of an increasing interest as they have low toxicity as well as they can easily biodegradate. Therefore, in situ application of natural biosurfactants may be considered to be a good remediation alternative as they are not haza...


For more than 50 years since the founding of P.R.C,the population of ethnic minorities in northeast China has made an unprecedented development.However,the development is characterized by clear levels,regional imbalance and nationality differences.It has the great significance to study the development of ethnic minority population in northeast China for consolieating harmonious ethnic relations,improving the development and prosperity of various nationalities,building the harmonious society,and revitalizing the northeast area.


An apparatus for searching the Internet by using the information obtained from the sound and method therefor are provided to supply the information through a microphone, a radio or a phone. A recognition unit(200) compares a received voice signal with preset data through a voice signal input unit(100), and extracts the comparison results in the words of text form according to the recognition reliability. A keyword extractor(300) adds the extracted words and the similar words, and judges the conformity from a search portal history. Based on the conformity, the search extractor extracts keywords. An internet search engine unit(400) performs the internet search through the extracted keywords.


Summary Nuclear chromatin decondensation (NCD) of the human spermatozoa was induced by 1% sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS). NCD of the spermatozoa induced in healthy and fertile men was significantly stronger and at higher rates than that in infertile men. In 1% SDS with 6 mM zinc chelating EDTA, metallothionein (MT) significantly enhanced NCD in a healthy man. In contrast MT alone significantly inhibited sperm NCD. Sperm NCD rate induced by 1% SDS in 10 infertile men was significantly inhibited by adding 75 or 750 μg ml‐1 of MT. By adding 1.5 mM zinc, MT at concentrations of 0.75, 7.5, 75, or 750 μg ml‐1, enhanced the inhibitory effect of 1.5 mM zinc. This suggested that thiols in the MT could, when liberated from zinc by zinc‐chelating EDTA, induce sperm decondensation by cleaving stabilizing S‐S bridges and that zinc bound to MT could exert a chromatin stabilizing effect mediated by the zinc dependent type of chromatin stability. The present study suggested that zinc bound to MT, which is secreted mainly from the prostate gland, is one factor that contributes to the chromatin stabilizing effect of human prostatic fluid.


By Kathleen Kingscott Presented September 5, 2001 Let me begin by expressing my thanks for the privilege and opportunity to address you today. I would like to provide you with an industry-based perspective of nanotechnology in order to help you understand why we at IBM view nanotechnology to be so important. What is nanotechnology? For some, nanotechnology is narrowly defined as a technology in which structures are assembled in a "bottom up" manner by placing the individual atoms into desired positions. But for many others, nanotechnology is used to refer to any technology which incorporates structures which generally are of nanometer dimensions, regardless of how those structures were created. I shall use this second definition. It is important to understand what a nanometer is. If you were to take four atoms and line them up in a row (something that we can do these days) the row of atoms would be about a nanometer long. You should also understand that while science research at the nanometer scale is a real and burgeoning endeavor, nano technology is largely a vision of possible future technologies. Nanotechnology is coming. It is premature to say just when and in what form nanotechnology will take hold. We cannot predict the industries in which it will have its first impact. But the signals are clear enough: over the last decade there has been remarkable progress made in laboratories all around the world. The motivation is clear enough: nanotechnology holds tremendous promise for how it would impact our lives. Let me give you just one example from the computer industry. If we could store and access information on a nanometer length scale, it would be feasible for me to have a device which would give me near instant access to every piece of text ever written. It could store every sound of my life and many images as well. Nanostructured materials hold the promise of being stronger and lighter than conventional materials. This would have innumerable beneficial impacts from more fuel efficient and safer airplanes and cars, for example. Nanostructured materials will become ubiquitous. Why is nanotechnology important? History teaches us that each time man has extended his ability to structure matter, whether it be to shape an ax from rock or a microprocessor from silicon, the benefits are extraordinary and enduring. Nanotech is the next frontier. Why does IBM invest in nanotechnology research? The steady advance of semiconductor and data storage technologies has been the road along which the entire computer industry marches. For


Decision-making regarding logistics and supply chain need to be based on freight transportation modeling, but most of transportation models only consider passenger travel demand. An integrated land use transport model is introduced here which addresses both freight and passenger demand modeling. The framework is called PECAS, which stands for Production, Exchange, Commodity Allocation System. PECAS consists of the following three modules: Activity Allocation (AA), Space Development (SD) and Transport Supply (TS) and is linked to an aspatial regional economic model. The focus of this paper is to illustrate the capability of its AA module in modeling logistics and supply chains, for which the major economic sectors are considered and the flows of all commodities, including goods, service, space, land and labor, are simultaneously determined from production zones to exchange zones to consumption zones. This paper gives a brief introduction to the framework and presents detailed methodologies used in determining the locations of activities and exchanges between them.


The provision of workplace-based experiences (internship) is an important component of training programs of students attending vocational education courses. Regarding the impact of such experiences in the vocational development, results of the present research are not conclusive enough. Therefore, the main purpose of this study is to clarify the relationship between work experience quality and students vocational development. Using a longitudinal design, we conducted a study that explores the relationship between the perceived qualities of the training experience and the vocational development of Portuguese high school students (N = 196). The results suggest that the work experience quality is relevant for the vocational development of students, mainly, in what concerns the process of career exploration.