Russian science icon, Pyotr Lebedev, is well known for first proving the existence of light pressure by measuring its action on both solids and gases. His experiments are discussed here as well as comparison with later, independent light-pressure measurements in solids by Nichols and Hull and European scientists. These light pressure experiments were the first steps of Lebedev's programme in unravelling the effects of light on atoms and molecules, as well as the intermolecular forces due to radiation. His students completed this programme and realised his dream of launching a research institute. The Lebedev Physical Institute founded by Vavilov, throughout its history described here, set great scientific milestones. Seven Nobel laureates used to work in this institute: Cherenkov, Frank, Tamm (1958), Basov and Prokhorov (1964), Sakharov (1975), Ginzburg (2003). Mandelstam is named 'the forefather' of theoretical physics in Moscow. Letokhov is one more prominent figure who extended Lebedev's light-pressure experiments and demonstrated experimentally for the first time the laser cooling of atoms.


This paper addresses the invariant sector as a special class of sector that holds the invariant characteristics with some appropriate control input, i.e. the energy of the system drastically decreases and state trajectory always remains inside the sector once it moves into it by the suitable control signal. The analysis of the nonlinear sector is regarded in comparison function prospective to outreach the property of uniformity. Here, the construction of sector and invariant sector relies on the selection of well-suited control-Lyapunov function. The switching control with invariant sector is designed to ensure the state trajectories move inside the nonlinear sector in finite-time and stay inside for all future time. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm is illustrated with real physical examples.


Membrane bound polysomes from Bomi barley endosperm were used as a template for in vitro hordein synthesis. The (~S)-methionine-labelled hordein was isolated by extraction with 55% isopropanol and the individual component polypeptides were resolved by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis with detection by autoradiography. Eight bands in the molecular weight range 28,000 to 67,000 were excised from the gel. Treatment of the gel slices with chymotrypsin released soluble peptide products from the polypeptides. The resultant peptides were analysed by two dimensional thin layer chromatography and autoradiography of the QsS)-methionine-containing peptides. The peptide maps had a number of features in common, suggesting a primary structural homology between the different polypeptides.


The authors present an inversion procedure for obtaining the current distribution on a tilted planar array from a cylindrical near-field measurement. The process is based on obtaining the planar wave spectrum on a tilted coordinate system from the cylindrical near-field measurement. The inversion procedure can be simplified in the case of planar arrays, provided that spacing between elements and the radiation pattern of a single element is known.<<ETX>>


Valence electron and positron charge densities in SiC are obtained from wave functions derived in a model pseudopotential bandstructure calculation. It is observed that the positron density is maximum in the open interstices and is excluded not only from the ion cores but also, to a considerable degree, from the valence bonds. Electron–positron momentum densities are calculated for the (001–110) plane. The results are used to analyze the positron effect in large gap semiconductors.


Carvacrol is a monoterpenoid phenol present in the oils of various plants including Origanum vulgare (oregano) or Origanum majorana (marjoram). For a long time, it has been used as spice in foods because of its antimicrobial properties. Additionally, it appears to have anticancer effects against some cancer but this has not been well studied. Therefore, we conducted various assays to confirm the effects of carvacrol on choriocarcinoma cell lines (JAR and JEG3). Our results indicate that carvacrol has antiproliferative properties and induces apoptosis, resulting in increased expression of proapoptotic proteins. Additionally, carvacrol disrupted the mitochondrial membrane potential and induced calcium ion overload in the mitochondrial matrix in both JAR and JEG3 cells. Furthermore, carvacrol generated oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation in both JAR and JEG3 cells. Moreover, carvacrol‐suppressed phosphoinositide 3‐kinase–protein kinase B and extracellular signal–regulated kinase 1/2 mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) signal transduction whereas expression of phosphor‐P38 and c‐Jun N‐terminal kinase MAPK was increased. Together, our results indicate that carvacrol may be a possible new therapeutic agent or supplement for the control of human choriocarcinomas.


Motion of the typical quadrotor is restricted since it employs only four fixed rotors and thus underactuated. We extend its capability by introducing the coaxial tilting rotors that can generate thrust force with lateral component. They are installed at the center of the body frame with a gimbal mechanism to control the thrust direction. The original and new rotors together produce control force and torque that make attitude stabilizing, tilting, and sideway translation possible. Based on contraction analysis, we propose a nonlinear PID controller for this new UAV to follow admissible desired trajectories. The new special integral error term addresses modeling uncertainties, loss of thrust force, and disturbances. Moreover, we apply optimization technique to allocate rotor thrusts considering the gimbal dynamics and rotor speed limit. Simulation and experiments are conducted to compare the effectiveness of the special integral error, validate the range of achievable motion, and demonstrate the tracking robustness and motion tracking on a 3D-Lissajous curve.


When coherent light propagates through a disordered system, such as white paint or biological tissue, its spatial properties are mixed and the resulting transmitted field forms a speckle pattern. Although the size of a speckle grain is diffraction-limited, this complex interference figure is detrimental for all conventional imaging systems. Over the last decade, wavefront shaping techniques have opened a new way to perform imaging through disordered systems using spatial light modulators (SLM), which offer millions of degrees of freedom to control light propagation. Notably, several techniques have demonstrated the capacity of using a thick scattering medium as a "perfect scattering lens" to arbitrary focus light after the medium in a given position, with a spot size limited by the size of the speckle grain, i.e. diffraction [1]. Among these techniques, the optical transmission matrix (TM) of the scattering medium can be easily measured [2], and contains the linear relation between the input fields and the output fields.


Facing the need for effective and efficient integration of spatial and descriptive information related to the documentation of the cultural heritage, the primary aim of this project is the production of a dynamic geodatabase in order to collect, record and organize cartographic and architectural data as well as morphological and typological features of Pentalofos settlement into a GIS application. For this purpose, the project is meant, among other things, to complete a thorough research on the evolution of the settlement and its context, create the necessary geographic background for the documentation of the area of interest and to record building's technical features among others (year of construction, property status, structure, morphology, typology, description of current condition, pathology etc) by implementing traditional and up-to-date as well architectural documentation methods.


Distribution functions are presented for some axisymmetric self-similar galaxy models with flat rotation curves. In particular, we record velocity distribution functions for the logarithmic potentials studied by Richstone. These distribution functions depend on two integrals only. Other distribution functions (possibly involving more or other integrals) associated with the same mass model differ only by an additive function that integrates over velocities to yield zero density everywhere. However, a given distribution function can be associated with different mass models.


Concurrent topology optimization of macrostructure and material microstructure has attracted significant interest in recent years. However, most of the existing works assumed deterministic load conditions, thus the obtained design might have poor performance in practice when uncertainties exist. Therefore, it is necessary to take uncertainty into account in structural design. This article proposes an efficient method for robust concurrent topology optimization of multiscale structure under single or multiple load cases. The weighted sum of the mean and standard deviation of the structural compliance is minimized and constraints are imposed to both the volume fractions of macrostructure and microstructure. The effective properties of the microstructure are calculated via the homogenization method. An efficient sensitivity analysis method is proposed based on the superposition principle and orthogonal similarity transformation of real symmetric matrices. To further reduce the computational cost, an efficient decoupled sensitivity analysis method for microscale design variables is proposed. The bidirectional evolutionary structural optimization method is employed to obtain black and white designs for both macrostructure and microstructure. Several two‐dimensional and three‐dimensional numerical examples are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach and the effects of load uncertainty on the optimal design of both macrostructure and microstructure.


Abstract
 Reducing crop damage caused by wildlife in forest-agricultural land interface requires an understanding of the spatial pattern of crop field use and its drivers. We assessed factors influencing the spatial pattern of crop-field use by a generalist wild herbivore, blackbuck (Antilope cervicapra), in the agriculture-dominated landscape of Krishnasaar Conservation Area (KrCA) in low land Nepal. We systematically selected 103 crop fields distributed over the entire KrCA (within both core area and community development zone) and surveyed them three times over three months, resulting in 309 sampling occasions. We found that crop use by blackbuck was highly localized inside core area (only 15% of the sampled crop fields were used) even though crop fields outside the core area were accessible and had limited mitigation measures applied. The linear mixed effect modeling showed that probability of crop field use by blackbuck increased with size of the crop field, implying the magnitude of foraging benefits affects blackbuck crop-use decisions. The presence of current mitigation measures (e.g., scare crow, vegetative fencing) did not have discernible influence on probability of crop field use, so did the types of the crops, and distance of crop fields from the center of the core area. Overall, our results suggest that generalist herbivore, blackbuck, employs low gain-low risk strategy when using crop fields in natural habitat-agricultural. Minimizing current level of crop damage by blackbuck will require working closely with farmers who owns lands close to the natural habitat (core area) to apply appropriate mitigation measures.


The famous contemporary writer Zhang Wei is full of infinite affection for his raising place — the Jiaodong earth. In his writing, Xu Fu is a warrior for freedom, a great navigator, a savior and protector for Qi Culture. He is also an ideal and spiritual example of the modern intellectuals. The writer leads us to explore the path of Xu Fu's eastward trip and mentality journey, and we will deeply understand the Qi culture with thousands of years' tireless spirit of progress and exploration.


An experimental study of the features of pressure relaxation in rapidly grown crystals of a diluted solid solution 3He–4He, at temperatures above 1.3 K, was performed. A cylindrical cell with capacitive pressure sensors at the ends was used for measurements. It was found that, when the helium crystals were grown at cooling rates ≳4 mK/s, the difference in pressure ΔP registered by the sensors at 1.3 K reached 2.4 bars. The ΔP value decreased with subsequent stepwise increase in temperature, but reached zero only after thorough annealing at the premelting temperatures. The kinetics of pressure changes at the sample ends at different temperatures was recorded. The results obtained were interpreted within the framework of the structural relaxation model based on the monovacancy diffusion mechanism. The proposed model made it possible to explain the dependence of ΔP on the time and temperature recorded in the experiment, as well as to determine the activation energy of the structural relaxation process and th...


Purpose: Increasing incidence of sepsis is causing the burden of in-hospital morbidity and mortality. Therapy should be instituted within the first one to three hours of detection to avoid long-term consequences. The Shock Tool is an automatic electronic surveillance program that monitors pediatric patients at Nemours Children's Hospital in both Orlando, FL and Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children in Wilmington, DE in real time. The purpose of this study was to explore the medical records of patients with elevated Shock Tool scores and suspected and documented sepsis to determine …


This paper presents the experimental investigation of a novel micro-positioning system. For precise positioning of heavy loads a hybrid system has been designed. It combines high forces and high precision of piezoelectric stack actuators with long strokes and high power of hydraulic cylinders. The actuation unit consists of a bidirectional piezo-hydraulic micropump with included fast-switching valves. For prototypic realization modular design and precise assembling strategy are demanded. After implementing, wide studies have been carried out to define the pressure dependent delivery characteristics of the piezo-hydraulic actuation unit. In this context interactions between fluid dynamics and output capacity of the pump module are considered. The dynamic drive of the pump module coupled with a hydraulic circuit of two hydraulic cylinders transforms the small strokes of the piezoelectric actuator into a continuous rotational movement of a fixing plate. In this way an autarkic micro-positioning system in form of an active fixing plate for implementation into machine tools is realized. The development and application of a capable control strategy are taken into account. Experimental results concerning the complemented active fixing plate characteristics show the outstanding positioning accuracy of +/0.25 μm of one piston.


Catalysts that can work without the need of light and additional oxidants such as H2O2 to degrade organic pollutants have been long sought. In this work, we report that at acidic condition, CeO2 na...


The author reviews how and why threat models differ between mobile applications and traditional Web applications and discusses a few of the best practices associated with secure mobile development.


Ranking fuzzy numbers is a very important decision-making procedure in decision analysis and applications. The last few decades have seen a large number of methods investigated for ranking fuzzy numbers, yet some of these approaches are non-intuitive and inconsistent. The most commonly used approached for ranking fuzzy numbers is ranking indices based on centroid of fuzzy numbers. Despite their merits, there are some weaknesses associated with these indices. This paper review several recent fuzzy numbers ranking methods based on centroid points then proposes a new centroid index ranking method that is capable of effectively ranking various types of fuzzy numbers. The contents herein present several comparative examples demonstrating the usage and advantages of the proposed centroid index ranking method for fuzzy numbers.


The need for research and development (R&D) of technologies and approaches for sound, effective solid waste management is unquestionable. While many advances have been made by the government and private sectors, still more are needed. Resources for conducting R&D, even at the federal level, are limited however, and thus it is critical that resources be distributed as wisely as possible. The US Department of Energy has a vested interest in developing technologies and approaches for managing solid waste because solid waste management is strongly linked to energy use and environmental impacts. This federal role is needed to address the national and international impacts that can result from the cumulative effects of decisions being made at local, county, state, and regional levels. At Pacific Northwest Laboratory (PNL), one of DOE`s R&D laboratories, we are developing an integrated solid waste R&D program to assist DOE in defining its role and in providing the required federal leadership. This paper presents the elements and major thrust areas of PNL`s program.


Abstract : A bare base is defined as an airfield having one or more runways, taxiways, and a ramp, but no support facilities. In most cases, the bare base is a commercial airport or an abandoned airfield. Extensive inspection and evaluation are normally required prior to operational use. It is assumed that facilities such as maintenance, housing or administrative buildings, etc. are not available. However, any existing facilities are used to whatever extent possible. The report consists of five sections on the problem of bare base development. Each section is a complete report developed by team from the University of Cincinnati. These five teams researched the problem and prepared design proposals in four major areas: (1) site development, (2) shelter system, (3) transportation system, and (4) miscellaneous equipment.


The Second International Workshop on Overlay Architec- tures for FPGAs is held in Monterey, California, USA, on February 21, 2016 and co-located with FPGA 2016: The 24th ACM/SIGDA International Symposium on Field Pro- grammable Gate Arrays. The main objective of the work- shop is to address how overlay architectures can help address the challenges and opportunities provided by FPGA-based reconfigurable computing. The workshop provides a venue for researchers to present and discuss the latest develop- ments in FPGA overlay architecture and related areas. We have assembled a program of six refereed papers and a panel discussion with prominent experts in the field.


Weaknesses in Angeli and Csikai's interpretation of their empirical formula for the neutron total cross section (a,r) are pointed out. Using the Fourier-Bessel representation of the scattering amplitude a semi-empirical formula for oT is obtained which has greater applicability and also explains the success of the empirical formula for mass number A ~ 40 in terms of the established trends in neutron optical potential parameters.


This article surveys the growing attention to genre in the works of Wai Chee Dimock, Rosi Braidotti, Lauren Berlant and Rita Felski, among others. I argue that attention to transnational genres, far from valorising global sameness, offers a way to mark cultural difference, relationality and the specific knowledge of nationally and locally embedded traditions. The influx of new voices and visions, I contend, has changed our view of what literature is and does, moving away from the notion of genre as a classificatory system and towards a new idiom centred on affect, flux and creative invention. The constitutive openness of global figurations lies at the root of our current fascination with genre theory, especially in debates about world literature. Relationality and futurity, I suggest, are what makes genre theory especially relevant to the cultural-discursive matrix of planetarity, which is similarly concerned with processes of becoming.


The present invention discloses a method for preparing nylon fiber, in particular a method for preparing ultra fine denier 6 filament POY nylon; object of the present invention is to provide a high strength, good elongation and shrinkage, a downstream nonwoven fabric preparation soft surface feel smooth and uniform staining ultrafine denier nylon 6 POY filament; designed by the present invention obtained by the method for producing ultra fine denier nylon 6 POY filament, the product of the indicators meet the state requirements , high strength, good elongation and shrinkage, the above process is over 95% volume, a downstream nonwoven cloth soft feel smooth and uniform dyeing but also improve the production efficiency.


This paper addresses robust beamforming (BF) design for the uplink transmission of wireless networks, where the base station (BS) equipped with a very large number of antennas communicates with multiple users on the same frequency band simultaneously. Based on the assumption that the wireless channels undergo correlated Rayleigh fading, we first formulate an optimization problem to maximize the output signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) of the intended users. Then, by using the fact that channel uncertainty is norm-bounded and imperfect channel state information (CSI) is available at the BS, we transform the optimization problem to a support vector machine (SVM) regression one, and obtain the robust solution for the BF weight vectors by means of quadratic programming (QP) technique or iterative reweighted least squares (IRWLS) procedure. The computational cost of the proposed robust BF scheme depends on the number of channel vector samples rather than that of the antennas, thus it is suitable for the wireless systems with large-scale antennas. Finally, the efficiency and superiority of the proposed new scheme are confirmed through computer simulation.


Abstract High school coaches should teach, model, and reinforce to their athletes that participation in interscholastic sports is a character-building privilege earned by showing respect, playing fair, and striving to win while keeping winning in perspective.


Background: Mitochondrial donation is an assisted reproductive technology that can be used to avoid transmission of mitochondrially encoded mitochondrial DNA disease from women to their children. The Australian government is currently considering whether to legalise mitochondrial donation for clinical use. Aim: This presentation will elucidate and reflect on the main ethical issues that arise in mitochondrial donation. Method: This presentation will utilise methods of bioethics scholarship, which includes presenting concepts and/or issues and critically reflecting on them. A goal of bioethics scholarship is to come to a normative position about what should happen and how this should be justified. Results: Ethical issues do arise in the development and clinical use of mitochondrial donation. Those particularly relevant in relation to the proposed use of mitochondrial donation in Australia include responsibility for safety, equity of access, the heritability of the changes to the germ-line, the value of genetic kinship, oocyte donor anonymity, the choice not to use this technology and follow-up of children over time. Conclusion: Mitochondrial donation offers a promising additional reproductive option for those with a high chance of transmitting mitochondrially encoded mitochondrial disease. Ethical implementation of mitochondrial donation in Australia necessitates consideration of numerous ethical issues, not all of which have yet been given appropriate attention.


This paper describes how transit investments create communities where people drive fewer miles and have lower transportation expenses, while supporting low-cost mobility and access to services, schools, jobs, and other economic activities. To better serve their costumers, local transit agencies frequently leverage their public funding with private capital, since they lack the sufficient public funding to acquire much needed capital equipment and technology. A series of four regional cases studies illustrate the positive operational impact of a private capital infusion into local transit agencies. By integrating public and private investments, these local transit agencies improved local asset management, by shifting funds away from operations to capital acquisitions.


A dynamic decoupling strategy is adopted to decouple the stator voltage.This method improves the robust-ness of motor parameter estimation error occurred by the controllers,and eliminates completely the coupling between field current and torque current.A conventional engineering regulator design is presented,and a design method based on double closed-loop PI regulator for speed sensorless vector control system is proposed.The experimental results demonstrate its good performance.


Due to at least two reasons, energy consumption for heating, ventilation, ir conditioning (HVAC) and domestic hot water (DHW) systems should be reduced. Firs t, the total energy consumption is high since nearly 20% of total energy in USA is accounted fo r HVAC systems. Sencond reason is exploitation of renevable energy sources, wh ich depend on current time and weather situation. Thus, the energy management should improve to eff ctive by managing currently available energy. For this purpose, the sensor acto r agent network is proposed with an example on domestic hot water heating, taking into accoun t several aspects including the occupant presence. The simulation model was used, wh re the water consumption affected system dynamics. The agent-based schema com bined with the simulator enables an occupant to choose the most subjectively desirable po licy of the DHW control mechanism.


BACKGROUND: The underlying mechanism of neurological dysfunction caused by cerebral ischemia is neuronal damage, and facilitating neuronal regeneration is the key to neural function recovery. However, endogenous neural stem cells have limited use in nerve repair. Transplantation of exogenous neural stem cells brings hope for tissue remodeling and functional recovery after cerebral ischemia, but systematic comparative studies on the selection of seed cells are still lacking. OBJECTIVE: To compare the therapeutic effect of neural stem cells from three sources in the treatment of cerebral ischemia injury in rats. METHODS: Adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADMSCs), bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs), and skin-derived induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) from Sprague-Dawley rats were isolated and cultured, and induced in vitro to differentiate into neural stem cells. Conversion efficiency was detected at 7 days of neuronal induction. One hundred rat models of cerebral ischemia were randomized into model, BMSCs, iPSCs, ADMSCs, and PBS groups, with 20 rats in each group. Then, corresponding cell suspension or PBS solution was transplanted in each group. Another 40 Sprague-Dawley rats were taken as sham operation group (n=20) and control group (n=20) with no intervention. Index measurements were performed at 1 and 4 weeks after cell transplantation. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: After 7 days of in vitro induction, the conversion efficiency of iPSCs was significantly higher than that of ADMSCs and BMSCs (P < 0.01). At 1 and 4 weeks after transplantation, neuronal apoptosis and infarction size were significantly reduced in the iPSCs, ADMSCs and BMSCs groups as compared with the PBS and model groups (P < 0.05). Moreover, neurological severity score, infarction size and neuronal apoptosis were significantly reduced in the iPSCs group as compared with the ADMSCs and BMSCs groups (P < 0.05). At 4 weeks after cell transplantation, neurological severity score, infarction size and neuronal apoptosis in each group showed significant reduction as compared with the values at 1 week after cell transplantation (P < 0.01). Numbers of Nissl bodies in neurons of the striatum in the three cell transplantation groups were significantly higher than those in the control and sham operation groups. Our findings from this study reveal that neural stem cells differentiated from three sources can significantly improve the symptoms of neurological deficits, and reduce infarction size, neuronal degeneration and neuronal apoptosis. iPSCs especially have better differentiation ability and therapeutic effects than BMSCs and ADMSCs. Subject headings: Mesenchymal Stem Cells; Bone Marrow; Adipose Tissue; Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells; Neural Stem Cells; Cell Differentiation; Brain Infarction; Tissue Engineering


A standard interpretation of Plato's metaphysics holds that sensible particulars are images of Forms. Such particulars are fairly independent, like Aristotelian substances. I argue that this is incorrect: Platonic particulars are not Form images but aggregates of Form images, which are property-instances (tropes). Timaeus 49e-50a focuses on "this-suches" (toiauta) and even goes so far as to claim that they compose other things. I argue that Form images are this-suches, which are tropes. I also examine the geometrical account, showing that the geometrical constituents of the elements are also Form images. Thus everything in the sensible world is composed of tropes.


The invention relates to a salvia miltiorrhiza planting method, comprising the following steps: culture of seedlings; selecting high-quality salvia miltiorrhiza seeds and drying in the sun for 2-2.5 hours; after seed disinfection, immersing the seeds into 40-50-fold diluent of a filtered and sterilized endophytic fungi fermentation liquor of salvia miltiorrhiza, and distilled water and soaking the seeds at room temperature for 10 hours; cleaning the seeds with sterile water, sucking up the moisture from the seed surfaces and airing the seeds, and then putting the seeds into a gauze bag; washing the seeds with clear water for 2-3 times; putting the seeds on a sand pile at room temperature, and spraying the clear water once every four hours; and co-culturing the seeds and the activated endophytic fungi after the seeds germinate, so as to obtain seedlings of salvia miltiorrhiza; planting, namely taking out the seedlings and transplanting into a large field after hardening the seedlings; field management and timely dressing; and harvesting. According to the method disclosed by the invention, the yield of the salvia miltiorrhiza is increased and the content of effective components in the salvia miltiorrhiza is significantly increased.


Objective To master the condition changes and related factors of Keshan Disease(KSD)in Shandong Province and to scientifically guide the prevention and control work.Methods Two severe KSD areas were selected and about 800 residents in each area were taken physical examination and electrocardiography.The suspicious abnormal cardiac people were taken chest X-ray radiographs,and some local residents' hairs and food grains were collected to examine the inside and outside environment selenium(Se)nourishment level.Results(1)In Ju County,31 KSD patients were detected with the detection rate of 3.33%(31/930),29 were potential KSD patients and 2 were chronic KSD patients.In Zoucheng City,42 KSD patients were detected with the detection rate of 5.02 %(42/837),39 were potential KSD patients and 3 were chronic KSD patients.(2)In the 1 767 ECG traced,1 358 were normal,409 were abnormal with the detection rate of abnormal ECG of 23.15%.In the 73 KSD patients,the abnormal ECG classifications were T wave changes,QRS complex low voltage,ventricular premature beat,1-degree atrioventricular block and left anterior fascicular block.(3)In the 68 X-ray films,22 cases were cardiac enlargement,13 of them enlarged mildly and 9 of them enlarged moderately.(4)In the 433 samples of hair and grain,the Se contents of Ju County were slightly higher than those of Zoucheng City.Conclusions The incidence rate of KSD and abnormal ECG of inhabitants in 2 monitoring points were similar to the surveillance results of Shandong Province for nearly several years.The Se content was increase in internal environments,but steady in external environments.The level of economic incomes increased.


The phthalocyanine (pc) complexes of a number of metals have been prepared. The e.p.r. spectra of the paramagnetic pc complexes (VO2+, Cr2+, Mn2+, Co2+, Cu2+, Mo2+) show metal ion resonances, while those of the diamagnetic pc complexes (H22+, Na22+, Mg2+, Ni2+, Zn2+, Pd2+, Cd2+, Sn2+, Pt2+ and Pb2+) generally give free spin resonances with g ≈ 2.003 and line widths less than 1 mT. The preparative conditions have been shown to affect the free spin concentration in H2(pc). Irradiation also affects the e.p.r. signal intensity in H2(pc), Zn(pc) and Ni(pc), and there are also changes in the near-infrared spectra of most pc complexes. The results are due to the presence of two types of defect, the first arising from decomposition during crystal growth and the second arising from a possible local disorder in the crystals which is produced by γ-irradiation. The latter may be due to a cross-linking of adjacent pc molecules. Oxygen absorption does not seem to be the major factor in the origin of the free spin resonances.


Aim: Health literacy means having basic health information and services needed to make appropriate health decisions. The aim of this study was to assess the relationship between health literacy and knowledge in rural patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Methods: This descriptive-analytic study was performed on 120 patients with type 2 diabetes patients in 2016 in two health homes of Hossein Abad and Kaghazi villages of Aran and Bidgol City in Isfahan Province. Sampling was done by census. Data were gathered by three questionnaires. They were valid and standard questionnaires including demographic, knowledge and HELIA. The data were analyzed by SPSS16 software using descriptive statistics, T-test, correlation coefficient and ANOVA.
Findings: In this study, the participants were 66.7% women, 29/2% worker, 5/8% employee, 4/2% retired, 5% unemployed, and the rest were housewives. The mean score of health literacy and knowledge was 13/82±2/20 and 114±23/21, respectively. The mean age of the participants was 48/88±9/57 years, the mean score of knowledge and health literacy of the participants was 13/82±2/20, 114±23/21, respectively. There was a significant relationship between health literacy and knowledge (p=0.007) and between health literacy and educational level (p<0.05). Also there was a significant difference in health literacy between men and women (p=0.001).
Conclusion: According to the results of the study on the relationship between health literacy and educational level, this study suggests that since the women have an axial role in family health, in order to improve the level of knowledge, the formal education level in rural women diabetic patients must be increased.


Life history and population dynamic patterns of Gambusia affinis in southeastern Louisiana varied spatially and temporally in 1990 and 1991, but were consistent with previous reports of this species in the southern regions of its natural range. Several differences exist among populations in different geographic regions within the United States, as reported in the literature, which do not follow a' native v. introduced' dichotomy: (1) brood size decreases and offspring size increases from north to south; (2) large overwintered females in northern areas produce more broods within a season than those in southern populations, while the reverse is true for young-of–year females; (3) minimum size at first reproduction follows a seasonal pattern within populations, but tends to be smaller in southern and larger in northern and Hawaiian populations; (4) synchronous reproduction early in the season is characteristic of northern populations, but does not occur in southern areas; and (5) mosquitofish reproduce year–round in Hawaii, while 'southern' populations within the continental U.S. cease reproduction during winter.


&Uncertainty has always been an important consideration when designing, analyzing and testing engineered systems, but computational investigations of the effects of uncertainty are only now beginning to become feasible. Often the limiting factor is the computational expense required to assess the influence of uncertainty on the system. This work provides an overview of techniques that seek to reduce this expense. Sampling methods such as Monte Carlo Simulation (MCS), Latin Hypercube Sampling (LHS) and Low-Discrepancy Sequences will be discussed, as well as reliability methods such as MV, AVM, FORM and SORM. Response surface approximations such as Kriging and Polynomial Chaos will also be discussed, highlighting the fact that all of these uncertainty quantification techniques can be understood in the context of a response surface. The strengths and weaknesses of these uncertainty propagation techniques will be discussed and they will be compared by applying them to two loworder aerospace problems. The examples illustrate a case where most of the methods are not so satisfactory, and another where almost any would perform surprisingly well. Most of these methods are implemented in the Design Analysis Kit for Optimization and Terascale Applications or DAKOTA package, an open source design and optimization toolkit that was created by Sandia National Laboratories beginning in 2001, which was used to perform many of the analyses discussed in the paper.


Multidimensional measures of disadvantage, such as social exclusion, are increasingly becoming an important focus of research into poverty and disadvantage. This paper describes the development of an Australian regional index of child social exclusion. Using data from the 2001 Census of Population and Housing, we use principal components analysis to produce an aggregate measure of social exclusion risk for children aged 0–15, and for subgroups of children aged 0–4 and 5–15. Initial analysis of the indexes provides some tentative evidence of spatial patterns in the geographical distribution of child social exclusion, including a greater risk of child social exclusion in rural areas of Australia. This article outlines one of the first examples internationally of the construction of a small-area index of social exclusion specifically tailored towards children. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


Comparative analysis of four primary international rules of governmental engineering procurement, those are the WTO GPA, the uncitral model law, the EU directives on public procurement and the WB procurement guidelines, primarily study on the principles and objectives, application scopes, procurement modes, procurement procedures challenge procedures and so. And put forward some proposals to progress Chinese procurement system from procurement legal system, specified procurement principles and objectives, adverse procurement approaches, excellent challenge procedures.


Screenwriters1 and novelists2 have already explored the dystopian prospects of a society where human interactions are constantly submitted to ratings. This is inspired by the growing presence in our daily lives of the possibility of rating work performances, mostly through the well-known system of 1-5 "stars". This practice is particularly widespread in the gigeconomy, with the case of Uber being the most visible example3. In the words of the wellknown UK Aslam and Ferrar v Uber case4, this "amounts to a performance management/disciplinary procedure", as customer ratings are directly used by the platform to decide upon the relationship with the given driver, up to the deactivation of his or her account. However, the use made by Uber of customer's ratings has also been described as a vehicle for workplace discrimination, in light of the high potential for biases to creep into evaluations for drivers.5


Abstract This paper deals with the statistical studies of the normal tempered stable model defined by Barndorff-Nielsen and Shephard. It represents the natural extension of the normal inverse Gaussian one introduced by Barndorff-Nielsen. We basically use the Monte-Carlo's approximation in order to simulate this distribution. We introduce a linear regression model with normal tempered stable error. We apply this model for the analyzing of the daily logarithm returns data on CAC40 index. The parameters estimation results show that this model better deals with long tailed distribution which is the case for the CAC40 logarithm returns.


The aim of this paper is to work on lean manufacturing's theory of tools in practice in a multinational auto parts industry responsible for the exhaust industry, located in state of Sao Paulo, Brazil. When use tools like OEE, TPM and Kaizen, it is possible to analyze the conditions of the equipment in the current scenario in production, proposing improvements such as professional maintenance planning, generating Kaizens, facilitating periodic activities (inspection, cleaning, lubrication and others) and training the employees to perform the autonomous maintenance, reducing the paras and faults of the equipment. was possible to optimize the OEE indicators: availability, performance and quality, resulting in a significantly better overall efficiency index.


An example device in accordance with an aspect of the present disclosure includes a plurality of memory segments corresponding to at least one memory channel of a computing system that is to receive a memory module. A performance attribute of an Advanced Configuration and Power Interface (ACPI) table is set to indicate performance of at least one of the plurality of memory segments, and is usable for memory allocation by an operating system memory manager.


In June 1988 Red Electrica, Spain, has started a research project that analyze the demand for electricity, depending on each type of consumer. Were obtained data on equipment used by consumers, consuming electricity, and timeframe in which they are most often used. The research was conducted by 2500 volunteers in each sector. This study is still considered current by Spanish energy transport company. The paper "Factors that explain the evolution of electricity demand in residential sector" aims to determine the factors that influence electricity consumption by residential sector. Although research aims Spanish electric power market, this study is perfectly valid for the Romanian market.


Jamming of hard spheres is a new critical phenomenon whose exponents are different from those of the other known transitions. These exponents have been recently computed in a mean field approximation whose limits of validity are not known. Even if their values are in very good agreement with the ones obtained by accurate numerical simulations, the deep reasons for this success are not understood. In this paper, after a brief presentation of the state of the art on the glass transition and jamming, I will discuss how this breakthrough can be the starting point of possible progresses in the following directions: the computation of the upper critical dimension for jamming, harmonic oscillations for soft spheres at low temperature, off-equilibrium behavior and quantum glassy effects.


tolamine (1.0 mg/kg) produced a similar shift in the dose response curve to intravenous phenylephrine but did not alter either MAP or plasma-NA. Yohimbine (1 mg/kg) did not influence phenylephrine responses but caused both MAP and plasma NA to rise. When a wide range of concentrations of prazosin (0.05-2.0 mg/kg) and phentolamine (0.5-20 mg/kg) were examined a significant and similar increase in plasma NA was observed at higher doses of both drugs. The rise in plasma NA correlated significantly with the fall in BP (P < 0.01); the slopes of the lines were -0.2621 for prazosin and -0.1324 for phentolamine and were not significantly different. Over the dose range examined the degree of postsynaptic blockade produced by phentolamine and prazosin was similar and resulted in similar falls in BP for both drugs. The relationship between changes in MAP and NA found for these cx-adrenoceptor antagonists was similar to that obtained after giving the vasodilators sodium nitroprusside (2.5-20 pg kg-1 min) and hydrallazine (1-10 mg/kg). Baroreceptor reflexes will modify efferent sympathetic outflow in response to changes in pressure, and in individual rabbits, there was a negative correlation (r = 0.8699; P < 0.01) between MAP fall and plasma NA increase in rabbits treated with prazosin (0.1 mg/kg). In order to exclude baroreflex effects, studies were repeated in groups of rabbits 3 to 6 weeks after bilateral sino-aortic denervation (SAD) (Chalmers & Wurtman, 1971). The reduction in blood pressure after prazosin (0.1 mg/kg) and phentolamine (1.0 mg/kg) was significantly greater after SAD. Plasma NA and HR were not altered compared to vehicle treated controls and were inappropriately low for the fall in MAP obtained, confirming that an important component of the changes in HR and NA is mediated via the baroreflex arc. The increase in blood pressure and plasma noradrenaline caused by yohimbine was not altered by SAD. Although the changes observed after yohimbine are consistent with blockade of presynaptic cX2-receptors in the periphery, the present experiments do not exclude a central site of action of yohimbine as the rabbits were hyperactive and restless after receiving this agent. It was not possible, in these studies, to detect any differences in the fall in MAP or in the release of NA produced by a relatively selective a -adrenoceptor antagonist prazosin and the mixed a1and CX2-adrenoceptor antagonist phentolamine. However, these studies highlight the importance of the baroreflex arc in maintaining homeostasis and in the difficulties in investigating drug actions on a-adrenoceptors in conscious animals with intact circulatory reflexes.


Population aging is an urgent problem facing many countries globally. It is happening at different rates in many regions. This process is happening more rapidly in developing countries, including countries with young populations. This changing process constantly brings challenges and dynamic opportunities in many economic, cultural, political, and social fields in life. The aging population is one of the most important trends of the twenty-first century. Speaking of this issue, first of all, to mention Japan. Japan ranks 11th in the topmost populous country in the world and is also one of the countries with the highest population life expectancy in the world. Due to social and economic problems, many young Japanese currently tend not to marry or have children, causing the fertility rate to drop sharply. With a low birth rate and high life expectancy, population aging is quickly becoming a serious problem for Japan. This paper analyses the challenges that Japan is facing and draws mention of some solutions for developed countries, including Vietnam. The results of the article show that developed countries like Vietnam need to consider more about olicies and plans for the long term in the future.


The invention provides a vehicle control method, a vehicle control device and a server. The vehicle control method comprises that current vehicle information and/or current driving information of a vehicle driver from a terminal are/is received; whether the vehicle is in danger or not is determined in dependence on the current vehicle information and/or the current driving information; if the vehicle is in danger, control information is sent to the terminal, the terminal controls the vehicle in dependence on the control information, or a control instruction is sent to the vehicle in order to control the vehicle. According to the technical scheme, whether the vehicle is in danger or not can be determined accurately and timely, and when the vehicle is in danger, the vehicle can be controlled, and the driving safety of the vehicle can be improved.


This paper sheds light on visual literacy with regard to teaching English as a foreign language (EFL). It sets out to bring together approaches to the term 'visual literacy' from diverse backgrounds. The focus is on preconditions that have to be met for the effective use of digital innovations. Moreover, considerations here deal with the implementation of visual literacy training within EFL student teacher training and in class.


This paper is concerned with using a magnetic technique for the evaluation of fatigue damage in steel structural components. It is shown that Barkhausen effect measurements can be used to indicate impending failure due to fatigue under certain conditions. The Barkhausen signal amplitude is known to be highly sensitive to changes in density and distribution of dislocations in materials. The sensitivity of Barkhausen signal amplitude to fatigue damage has been studied in the low‐cycle fatigue regime using smooth tensile specimens of a medium strength steel. The Barkhausen measurements were taken at depths of penetration of 0.02, 0.07, and 0.2 mm. It was found that changes in magnetic properties are sensitive to microstructural changes taking place at the surface of the material throughout the fatigue life. The changes in the Barkhausen signals have been attributed to distribution of dislocations in stage I and stage II of fatigue life and the formation of a macrocrack in the final stage of fatigue.


This guide is to help UTM dual-enrollment students navigate the UTM Library homepage and to assist you in access our resources and services, all of which are at your disposal as a UTM student.


We report the charge transport properties at the junction of organic polythiophene (PT) and inorganic semiconductors. Using a Kelvin probe and surface photovoltage spectroscopy, we have found that excitation of inorganic semiconductor band gaps led to hole migration across the inorganic-organic interface (IOI) and subsequently creation of polaron states in PT polymer chains. Of particular interesting is that these polaron states yield photovoltage responses initially at 675 nm, and eventually over the entire region of the visible spectrum. Because of their long lifetime (hours to days), the density of these polaron states increases with the exposure time of photoexcitations of the inorganic semiconductor until saturation is reached. The net result is that photovoltage is enhanced over the visible spectrum through charge transfer of polaronlike states in PT to inorganic semiconductors. Sunlight can induce obvious photovoltage enhancement at these IOI junctions, which show potential promise in the future application of large area photovoltaic technology.


The problem, however, is that many of the ecological and social amenities are not currently incorporated into the decision-making process. From the perspective of economic theory, they reveal themselves as positive externalities and as such have no direct market price. Another fundamental issue is getting at the quantitative characteristics of the ecosystem services. Traditionally, publications on this matter note that simulation models of the phenomena in question have to be used for this purpose. In fact, a whole family of simulation models is required. Such models should represent the main components of an ecosystem, their interrelationships and linkages to the system's environment at the appropriate time and space scales. They should also model physical, chemical and biological processes pertaining to the ecosystem studied. It has to be taken into account that any planned activity will substantially affect the ecosystem's components and their ability to generate goods and services. It is therefore necessary to understand qualitatively and to measure quantitatively the changes, sometimes irreversible ones, which may occur in the ecosystems and their services under various management interventions and compare expected benefits with possible losses. This knowledge should be incorporated into the process of decision-making.


This paper describes the technologies of measuring runner blades,programming of 5-axis NC machining and simulating machining techniques for large kaplan and tubular blades.


There is often intense and passionate debate about the inclusion of those students with the most complex social learning and behavioural needs. This paper, written from a parent's perspective, is based on a case study of a 15-year-old adolescent with severe and high functioning autism that was comparatively well-resourced through the new Intensive Wraparound Service Initiative and wellsupported by the school, the Ministry of Education and his parents. His mainstream education ended after two terms of multi-level failure and he has been returned to a special residential school. This paper examines in detail the issues surrounding his inclusion and the resources provided to facilitate his education. It discusses the failure of the initiative in this instance, and whether it was due to any deficiencies in his inclusion, the intervention plan and implementation, the level of resources, or whether it was ever practicable or feasible to include a child with this level of need in the mainstream.


An analytic expression for the 2l-pole dynamic polarizability of hydrogen atom in an arbitrary state is derived from a differential expression obtained by Tang and Chan,and the problem of calculating the 2l-pole dynamic polarizability of hydrogen is solved.As an application,new three-body van der Waals dispersion coefficients for the H(2s)-H(2s)-H(2s) system are calculated from integrals of products of the dynamic polarizabilities of the interacting atoms.


We present a new detection of a Massive Dark Object in the S0 Galaxy NGC 4350, obtained applying a new dynamical model on ground-based photometric and kinematic data already present in literature.


White spot disease, caused by the white spot syndrome virus (WSSV), has caused major losses in shrimp farming in Egypt since 2009. The genome sequence of the WSSV-Egypt isolate will be valuable in epidemiological studies to delineate the origin and spread of WSSV in Egypt and elsewhere in the world. ABSTRACT White spot disease, caused by the white spot syndrome virus (WSSV), has caused major losses in shrimp farming in Egypt since 2009. The genome sequence of the WSSV-Egypt isolate will be valuable in epidemiological studies to delineate the origin and spread of WSSV in Egypt and elsewhere in the world.


Glycosylation is facilitated by a promoter such as a Lewis acid or Brønsted acid after conversion of the anomeric hydroxyl group of the glycosyl donor into a leaving group, whereupon a nucleophile attacks the resultant oxocarbenium ions. Donors include glycosylhalides, thioglycosides, glycosylimidates, phosphate esters, phosphite esters, sulfoxides, and n-pentenyl glycosides (NPGs), and the reactivity, reaction mechanism, stereoselectivity, and general scope of the reaction have been studied in detail for each. The promoter is most often used in a quanti ty equivalent to or in excess of that of the donor. However, the reaction can be run with a catalytic amount of promoter when an imidate, phosphate ester, or phosphite ester is used. A catalytic amount of promoter is highly advantageous in terms of post-reaction processing, simplicity of purification, and atom economy. Recently, Hotha et al. have reported a glycosylation protocol that uses gold(III) chloride as promoter and propynyl glycoside as donor [Hotha et al. (2006) J. Am. Chem. Soc. (2006) 128, 9620–9261]. Gold is a soft Lewis acid and chemoselectively coordinates to the alkyne. This property is artfully utilized in the glycosylation. Similar to the NPGs method, in this reaction, higher reactivity is reported for armed donors than for disarmed donors. The catalytic activity is lower for gold(III) chloride than for gold(III) bromide, with which a disarmed donor may be used in glycosylation [Sureshkumar and Hotha (2007) Tetrahedron Lett. 48, 6564–6568]. In addition, the syntheses of 1,6-anhydro saccharides from propargyl glycosides [Thadke and Hotha (2010) Tetrahedron Lett. 51, 5912–5914] and of amino acid glycosides using an orthoester as the donor [Shaikh et al. (2011) Org. Biomol. Chem. 9, 5951–5959] have been reported. Although glycosylation with an acrylamide derivative, for which synthesis using a Lewis acid such as trimethylsilyl triflate had been considered difficult, can be accomplished in two steps via an orthoester when using gold(III) bromide, it has been discovered that an acrylamide monomer can be synthesized in high yield without polymerization occurring [Thadke et al. (2011) Carbohydr. Res. 346, 1511–1518]. However, problems have been reported such as interglycosidic bond cleavage when using an armed disaccharide donor [Kayastha and Hotha (2010) Tetrahedron Lett. 51, 5269– 5272]. 有機金錯体をプロモーターとするグリコシル化反応


This report represents the results of a preliminary study to determine if there is a valid cause to question the positional relationship of brake and accelerator pedals in contemporary automobiles. Ten subjects were tested to determine how long it takes to move the foot from the accelerator to the brake pedal (a) in the same horizontal plane, and (b) with a 6-in. height differential. Experimental results indicated that at high speeds, a reduction in stopping distance of upwards of 14 ft. could be affected for the case tested.


The International Atomic Energy Agency's (IAEA) Regulations for the Safe Transport of Radioactive Material, Safety Series No. 6 (herein after denoted as the "International Regulations") serve as the model for the regulations for individual countries and international modal organizations controlling the packaging and transportation of radioactive materials. The purpose of this paper is to outline the background and history of the International Regulations, the general principles behind the requirements of the International Regulations, the structure and general contents of the latest edition of the International Regulations, and the roles of various international bodies in the development and implementation of the International Regulations and the current status of regulatory and supportive document development at both the international and domestic level. This review will provide a basis for users and potential users to better understand the source and application of the International Regulations.


This introduction to the virtual special issue surveys the development of spatial housing economics from its roots in neoclassical theory, through more recent developments in social interactions modelling, and touching on the role of institutions, path dependence and economic history. The survey also points to some of the more promising future directions for the subject that are beginning to appear in the literature. The survey covers elements of hedonic models, spatial econometrics, neighbourhood models, housing market areas, housing supply, models of segregation, migration, housing tenure, subnational house price modelling including the so-called ripple effect, and agent-based models. Possible future directions are set in the context of a selection of recent papers that have appeared in Urban Studies. Nevertheless, there are still important gaps in the literature that merit further attention, arising at least partly from emerging policy problems. These include more research on housing and biodiversity, the relationship between housing and civil unrest, the effects of changing age distributions – notably housing for the elderly – and the impact of different international institutional structures. Methodologically, developments in Big Data provide an exciting framework for future work.


Although herbal medicines are generally perceived as safe when used alone at the recommended dose and duration, there are increasing evidences of herb-drug interaction which may lead to serious adverse reactions or failure of therapy with conventional medicines. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of ethanolic extract of Piper nigrum L. fruits on Midazolam (substrate for CYP3A4) induced hypnosis. In this study we investigated the effect of subchronic treatment of 100mg/kg of extract p.o. for five consecutive days on an i.p. hypnotic dose (50mg/kg) of Midazolam in rats (n=5). Sleeping time is significantly increased in extract pretreated group to 35% to that of control value of Midazolam induced hypnosis without affecting the sleep latency. The current study demonstrates that ethanolic extract of Piper nigrum L. fruits might have inhibited metabolism of the drug by inhibiting CYP3A4 as the efficacy of the drug is increased.


This study aims to describe the contrastive analysis of translational dialogue in the novel "Terrorist" between the results of the English-Indonesian and English-Arabic translations, and to describe the efforts of translators in localizing the values of tawassuth reflected in variations of such dialogue translation. The main data source of the research is the novel "Terrorist" by John Updike along with its translation into Indonesian by Abdul Malik and into Arabic by Ahmed el-Syaimy. The study was designed through descriptive-qualitative methods. Data collection uses purposive sampling where the results were discussed through contrastive analysis methods. The results showed that there were three main causes for the similarity of the tawassuth values localization in the translation results. First, the level of availability of formal and dynamic equivalents. Secondly, translators' efforts in overcoming linguistic insufficiency. Third, translators' appreciation of certain expressions or terms.


There is provided an improved knock sensor for an internal combustion engine, so that an electrical damage of a connecting plate is surely prevented in an annular combination element. Only two communicating passageways which are separated by substantially 180 ° from each other, are formed in an annular weight of the annular combination element, and resin is in an annular space on an inner periphery of said annular combination element, by using these two-related passages filled. When a through axis, in which the two communicating passageways are positioned is substantially perpendicular to a resin injection direction, the resin can be effectively filled in the annular space.


Article history: Received September 16, 2016 Received in revised format: October 22, 2016 Accepted April 29, 2017 Available online April 30, 2017 Inventory control of deteriorating items constitutes a large part of the world's economy and covers various goods including any commodity, which loses its worth over time because of deterioration and/or obsolescence. Vendor managed inventory (VMI), which is a win-win strategy for both suppliers and buyers gains better results than traditional supply chain. In this research, we study an economic order quantity (EOQ) with shortage in form of partial backorder under VMI policy. The model is concerned with multi-item subject to multiconstraint including storage space, time period and budget constraints. Two metaheuristic algorithms, namely Simulated Annealing and Tabu Search, are used to find a near optimal solution for the proposed fuzzy nonlinear integer-programming problem with the objective of minimizing the total cost of the supply chain. Furthermore, the sensitivity analysis of the metaheuristic parameters is performed and five numerical examples containing different numbers of items are conducted in order to evaluate the performance of the algorithms. Growing Science Ltd. All rights reserved. 8 © 201


The mass and radius of the neutron star (NS) in low-mass X-ray binaries can be obtained by fitting the X-ray spectrum of the NS in quiescence, and the mass and radius constrains the properties of dense matter in NS cores. A critical ingredient for spectral fits is the composition of the NS atmosphere: hydrogen atmospheres are assumed in most prior work, but helium atmospheres are possible if the donor star is a helium white dwarf. Here we perform spectral fits to XMM-Newton, Chandra, and ROSAT data of a quiescent NS in the globular cluster M13. This NS has the smallest inferred radius from previous spectral fitting. Assuming an atmosphere composed of hydrogen, we find a significantly larger radius, more consistent with those from other quiescent NSs. With a helium atmosphere (an equally acceptable fit), we find even larger values for the radius.


heads of state or equivalents, parliamentarians and industry leaders. The 35 essays in the volume by as many authors are arranged into four parts. The first part deals with 'a new look at globalization for Asia', with the opening article by the Malaysian Prime Minister. In his view, some of the policies are now formulated for developing countries through global processes and institutions (including IMF, WB and WTO) and they tend to serve the interests of the rich nations. He looks at three


Composite service can be scheduled and executed around trust degree of services through introducing trust degree as the accord of service scheduling and execution.Higher trust degree services can join into service composition and the trustiness of composite service can be improved.Trust is introduced into service composition and trust enhanced service composition schedule problem is discussed.The mathematic model of scheduling problem is proposed and the ant colony system based scheduling algorithm is designed.The scheduling algorithm has good performance through analysis of experimental results.


[Objective] The aim was to explore the insecticidal activities of capsaicin and nonivamide.[Method] Synthetic nonivamide was prepared by reductive amination and N-acylation reaction with nonanoic acid and vanillin as starting materials,and the chemical structure of the target compound was confirmed by 1H NMR and EI-MS.The biological activities of synthetic nonivamide and capsaicin were tested.[Result] Both capsaicin and synthetic nonivamide had no obvious insecticidal activities against the 3rd instar larvae of Plutella xyllostella(Linnaeus) and 3-day-old nymphs of Aphis craccivora.[Conclusion] The research provides theoretical basis for further study on the insecticidal activities of capsaicin.


Plant science in China has been developing rapidly in 2010. Chinese scientists reported a lot of original research findings in various aspects of plant biology. A series of breakthrough in the identification of important functional genes controlling rice yield and analysis of crop genome has been made. Moreover, the ecological research of agri-culture achieved significant progresses. This review aims to provide an overall picture of plant research in China and highlights some of the important findings in 2010.


Brinjal (eggplant, aubergine, Solanum melongena L.) commands an important place in the world and Indian vegetable production. In the backdrop of the recent moratorium on the commercialization of Bt brinjal in India, the issue of the probable centre of origin of brinjal has assumed a greater significance. Brinjal is the vegetable of the Old World. Opponents of the commercialization of Bt brinjal have argued that its introduction into Indian agriculture might threaten the genetic diversity of wild and cultivated forms of brinjal by extensive adoption of Bt brinjal and cause 'genetic erosion' by horizontal spread of Bt transgenes into wild and weedy relatives of brinjal. They have also argued that Bt brinjal should not be released in India, which is the centre of origin of brinjal. Most of the Indian literature considers India as the centre of origin of brinjal. Several arguments have been put forth in favour of the possibility that brinjal is native to India:


Recent trends show the importance of photovoltaic (PV) system inspection: in fact, it allows the increase in their performance and profitability. Moreover, it represents an important step for the safety and asset management of PV plants. Among all the possible inspection techniques, the use of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) has proven to be very effective in obtaining excellent results with a competitive cost: in particular, this type of inspection allows to drastically reduce inspection times with good quality of the results obtained. Finally, this inspection technique has been well combined with the development of image processing techniques capable of analyzing and processing the data acquired in the field quickly and reliably. The aim of this paper is to review the current practice in UAV-based PV plant inspection and to analyse future perspectives.


Systematically the software and hardware design of a wireless residential gateway are discussed based on ARM micro process S3C44B0X and μC/OS-II.The design mainly includes the hardware architecture and the software realization,particularly introduces a blue tooth mold on the hardware,which can realize the short distance wireless correspondence in the family internal network,simultaneously can also pass a way of browsing the web page to carry out the long-distance control.


The invention provides the horizontal NC lathe of a kind of pair of main shaft, problem to be solved is: Shaft and NC Machining Test lathe once can only process a part, and production efficiency is lower.Main points of the present invention are: the main spindle box basal plane of lathe bed is inclined plane; Main shaft forms, by belt transmission between upper and lower main shaft by two identical upper main shafts are parallel with lower main axis; Motor cabinet is fixed on lathe bed: on motor cabinet, have two inverted T-shaped grooved rails at least, the inverted T-shaped cutting corresponding with inverted T-shaped grooved rail is arranged at mair motor bottom, inverted T-shaped cutting is inserted in inverted T-shaped grooved rail, inverted T-shaped cutting and inverted T-shaped grooved rail are interference fit, fixed adjustment block on motor cabinet, adjustment bolt is screwed into the screw in adjustment block, and the front of adjustment bolt withstands on mair motor.Good effect of the present invention is: substantially increase working (machining) efficiency.


Predatory prices represent one of the most studied and complex anticompetitive practices of the competition law. For decade's universities and courts around the world have tried to establish a test to verify their effectively occurrence. Nowadays, it doesn't exist one central proof that demonstrates with clarity, when an agent commits predatory pricing or generates a benefit to the market. In principle, the predatory prices can only exist in atomized markets (oligopoly or monopoly), it is applied by economic agents with a dominant position that have the economic capacity to assume the market share of the eliminated competitors, and operate in a market with high entry barriers. All these elements reveals that predatory pricing is a multifaceted phenomenon, making it complex to prove its existence.


The present study aimed to investigate the variations of the gene network and biological functions induced by hsa-miR-145-5p in the laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) cell line Tu-177. A hsa-miR-145-5p-overexpressed Tu-177 cell model was established, and the gene expression microarray data of miR-145-5p-overexpressed cells and negative control (NC) cells were analyzed. The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between two groups were identified, and their potential functions were predicted by functional enrichment analysis. Furthermore, the targets of miR-145-5p were identified from the DEGs, and their potential functions and protein-protein interactions (PPIs) were analyzed. The mRNA expressions of acetyl-CoA carboxylase β (ACACB), fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 (FGFR1), protein phosphatase 3 catalytic subunit a (PPP3CA) and spleen associated tyrosine kinase (SYK), were analyzed via quantitative polymerase chain reaction. A total of 1,501 upregulated and 887 downregulated genes were identified in the hsa-miR-145-5p-overexpressed Tu-177 cells, compared with the NC cells. Of these DEGs, 164 upregulated and 221 downregulated genes were predicted to be targeted by hsa-miR-145-5p. The upregulated target genes were primarily associated with functions of immunity, whereas the downregulated target genes were significantly enriched in the p53 signaling pathway. In the PPI network consisting of 267 target genes, the upregulated ACACB had the greatest degree and interacted with downregulated genes including PPP3CA and SYK, in addition to upregulated genes, including FGFR1. The mRNA expressions of ACACB and FGFR1were markedly enhanced in miR-145-5p-overexpressed Tu-177 cells, whereas overexpressing miR-145-5p significantly reduced mRNA expression of PPP3CA and SYK. hsa-miR-145-5p may exhibit an anticancer role in LSCC via regulating multiple cell processes, including cell proliferation and invasion, fatty acid metabolism, immunity and p53 signaling pathway. These findings provide novel information for the future investigation of miR-145-5p functions in LSCC.


Objective: The majority of histopathological specimens from the gynaecological department includes uterine cervix biopsy. A retrospective study was conducted for 2 years to evaluate the incidence and age wise distribution of various uterine cervical lesions (neoplastic and non-neoplastic) by histopathological examination. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted in the Department of Pathology, Government Thiruvarur Medical College, Thiruvarur, Tamil Nadu over a period of two years from January 2016 to December 2017. A total of 1672 specimens were analyzed from both hysterectomy and biopsy specimens. The specimens received were formalin fixed, dehydrated in graded alcohols, embedded in paraffin wax and subsequently stained by hematoxylin and eosin stains. Results: Among the 1672 specimens, non-neoplastic lesions occupied the major part 1298(77.63%) followed by neoplastic lesions 374(22.37%). The most common histological findings among the cervix biopsy was chronic nonspecific cervicitis1094(84.28%). However, other inflammatory lesions reported, includes chronic cervicitis with squamous metaplasia 52 (4.01%); papillary endocervicitis 34(2.62%), bartholin cyst was present in 14(1.07%). Benign endocervical polyp and leiomyomatous polyp were reported with equal incidence each of 24 (6.42%). Cervical malignancies include cervical intraepithelial neoplasia, CIN-I: 62(16.58%), CIN-II: 32 (8.55%), CIN-III: 56(14.98%). The most common cervical malignancy was squamous-cell carcinoma 170(45.45%), moderately differentiated type being the frequent. The other rare malignancies included adenocarcinoma, serous cell carcinoma and glassy cell carcinoma of cervix. Conclusion: Carcinoma of cervix is easily curable disease with advent of early diagnostic and screening procedures. Our study emphasizes the significance and implementation of protocols for early diagnosis by proper screening procedures of patients with cancer of the cervix thereby seeking timely treatment which improves their prognosis.


This paper focuses on the design and implementation of a one-dimensional convolutional neural network model in hyperspectral tree species data classification. The proposed approach involves dimensionality reduction in the form of feature extraction using principal component analysis. Both the number of components, which influences the dimensionality of feature space and explained variance, which indicates the proportion of data variability captured were selected as the criterion for feature extraction. As a result, this work compares the classification accuracy and kappa scores of the proposed model for data without using principal component analysis and for data using principal component analysis with different number of transformed input features depending on the criterion used.


To investigate mould effects on health, the concentration of mould spores in air and dust was determined during a prospective cohort study. Clinical outcome was estimated by questionnaires and determination of specific IgE antibodies and intracellular cytokine production of T cells. A significant association was observed between the incidence of respiratory tract infections and exposure to Penicillium spores. Moreover, Aspergillus exposure was found to be associated with allergic rhinitis or related symptoms. In addition, T cells of children exposed to Aspergillus showed a significantly lower content of TH1 cytokines (IFN-gamma, TNF-alpha, IL-2) producing cells. Our data suggest that mould exposure is associated with several effects on health, depending on the species involved.


When they are absorbing the culture of western music, modern Chinese, first and foremost, focus their attention on musical instruments. While they are able to accept unfamiliar western music, they tend to appreciate it by following the traditional Chinese way, i. e. by referring to the criteria for Chinese musical works and aesthetic values, which unavoidably results in their prejudice or misunderstanding. Due to the decline or lack in music education, contemporary Chinese have not yet been able to conduct equal and corresponding communications with their western counterparts in the field of music.


ABSTRACT Objective/Background Fatigue is one of the most consistent and distressing symptoms reported by adolescent/young adult (AYA) oncology patients. Bright white light (BWL) is used to treat fatigue in adult oncology but has not been explored in AYA oncology patients. The purpose of the current study was to determine the feasibility and acceptability of BWL for AYA who were receiving cancer-directed therapy. Participants 51 AYA patients with newly diagnosed solid tumors, including lymphoma. Methods Participants were randomized to dim red light (DRL, n = 25) or BWL (n = 26) from devices retrofitted with adherence monitors for 30 minutes upon awakening daily for 8 weeks. Side effects were assessed via modified Systematic Assessment for Treatment-Emergent Effects (SAFTEE). Participants completed the PedsQL Multidimensional Fatigue Scale. Results Of patients approached, 73% consented and participated. Mean adherence was 57% of days on study with 30.68 average daily minutes of usage. BWL did not cause more extreme treatment-emergent effects over DRL. Patients in the BWL group demonstrated significant improvement on all fatigue outcomes by both self-report and parent proxy report, which was not observed in the DRL group. Conclusions This is the first study to evaluate the feasibility and acceptability of light therapy to reduce fatigue in AYA patients receiving cancer-directed therapy. These findings demonstrate the feasibility and acceptability of the intervention and provide preliminary evidence of the potential benefits of BWL, which warrants further study in a confirmatory efficacy trial. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier Number: NCT02429063


In this paper, we present some results concerning orthogonal generalized ()-derivations in semiprime near-rings. These results are a generalization of result of Bresar and Vukman, which are related to a theorem of Posner for the product of two derivations in prime rings.


AbstractThe geometric elements of the road, such as tangents and curves, play a vital role in road safety because significant crashes are reported on the horizontal curves and tangent-to-curve tran...


Oxidation of long chain fatty acids (LCFA) provides approximately 70% of ATP in the heart. Alternatively, LCFAs incorporate into the endogenous lipid pool as triacylglyceride (TAG). The dynamic process of TAG turnover, a source of LCFA for beta-oxidation and nuclear receptor activation, is reduced in cardiac hypertrophy. The current study tested the hypothesis that LCFA storage kinetics are influenced by acyl chain composition by comparing incorporation of two major plasma LCFAs, palmitate (16-carbon, saturated) and oleate (18-carbon, monounsaturated), into the TAG pool of sham operated control (SHAM) and hypertrophied (HYP) rat hearts. Isolated hearts were perfused with buffer containing 5 mM glucose, 1 mM lactate and 0.4 mM of either 13C-palmitate or 13C-oleate. Sequential 13C NMR of intact hearts and endpoint LC/MS enabled quantitation of TAG dynamics. With palmitate, HYP hearts contained 48% less TAG vs SHAM (P


Culture, religion, and spiritual beliefs can profoundly affect the ways in which families cope with caring for a child living with a life-shortening illness. These patterns and belief systems may also impact how families navigate decisions and make sense of death and dying. People's attitudes and beliefs affect the way in which they respond to others, particularly those whose views and lifestyles are different from their own. To be effective, caring professions need to be aware of their own social mores, prejudices, and worldview. Cultural sensitivity is required to comprehensively support a child and family especially at the end of life (EOL). The chapter starts by defining key concepts and then describes some common worldviews and religions with particular relevance to children's palliative care and ends with an example from the traditional perspective from southern Africa.


We examine the link between minority shareholders' rights and corporate governance by studying institutional investors' voting patterns in a concentrated ownership environment. Institutions rarely vote against insider-sponsored proposals even when the law empowers the minority. Institutions vote against compensation-related proposals more often than against related party transactions even when minority shareholders cannot influence outcomes. Potentially conflicted institutions are more likely to vote for insiders' proposals than stand-alone investors, regardless of their effect on outcomes. A plausible conclusion is that empowering minority shareholders affects the selection of proposals but not actual voting; another is that empowering minority shareholders is ineffective without addressing conflicts of interest. Copyright 2013, Oxford University Press.


a key theorist and a popular writer of chaos, that an individual is not a system. This important question is obscured as Slethaug repeatedly elides two distinct critical approaches, chaos theory and metachaotics. Moving back and forth between them is problematic in other ways as well, especially when it leads to the confusion of theoretical vocabularies. It is sometimes not clear just which concepts fall under the rubric of chaos theory (really an aggregate of loosely related theories). The term "complementarity," the basis for Slethaug's discussion of the dual protagonists in Robert Stone's Outerbridge Reach, is a case in point. Chaos theorists do discuss systems that exist in multiple states, but typically in terms of bifurcation theory, an area Slethaug does not examine in any detail. Even in his conclusion Slethaug fails to distinguish between chaos theory and metachaotics. With Barth his sole example ofnovelists consciously using chaos theory, Slethaug's claim that its most widespread application in fiction is the "conscious articulation of facts and ideas drawn from chaos theory" rings false. It is truly unfortunate that the only two works by minoritywriters in this study have been selected as examples of the pessimistic anti-life stance that Slethaug associates with recursive form. While disorder becomes life-enhancing in many of the novels under consideration, order and repetition are anathema, sometimes literally death. Slethaug invents critical vocabulary to describe narrative structures based on repetitions ofvarious kinds. If the term "recursion of lack" characterizes the narrative structure ofMichael Dorris' Yellow Raft in Blue Water, it might equally well describe the more familiar narrative structure of The Sound and the Fury. When Slethaug addresses himself to the self-similar recursion characteristic of strange attractors, he can offer but one example—John Barth's example of the frame tale as fractal—that takes us beyond the traditional notions ofmacrocosm and microcosm, terms Slethaug himself uses. That these terms are so closely tied the conception ofa determined, ordered universewould seem to foreclose the very discussion that chaos theory has complicated. ^


Objective: To supplement a previous study on the management of medical records with a view to preparing a system capable of ensuring basic patient rights regarding the protection of confidential medical information. The study objectives are to provide detailed guidelines to regulate the access and protection of medical information by analyzing patients' understanding and views regarding the dissemination of medical records. Methods: A self-administered questionnaire was administered to 781 patients who visited five University hospitals located in Seoul, Busan, Gyeonggi, Chungnam and Jeonnam from July to September, 2008 and asked for copies of medical records to be issued. Data were analyzed by using the statistical program SPSS 13.0. Results: More than 70% of respondents wanted to access their medical records after confirming the required documents. The highest distribution in the range of persons able to receive copies of medical records without the individual patient's consent or required documents was 'only personally' in each variable. Copies of medical records were issued mostly within 1 hour, while the appropriate time of issuing the copies was within one day. Half of respondents approved of a subscription system that did not require a doctor consultation. The results regarding changes in the ways to request/issue copies of medical records to improve the convenience for applicants differed significantly according to age. Conclusion: Considering the sensitivity of personal health information, medical records should only be issued with the patient's consent and by confirming the identity of the designated person with required documents. Furthermore, people should be aware of the importance of protecting personal health information, and medical institutes should inform the requirements for bringing the relevant documents. Medical institutes play an important role in protecting personal records, which necessitates generalized guidelines. (Journal of Korean Society of Medical Informatics 15-3, 285-292, 2009)


In this paper, a novel model-based LPV controller synthesis approach is proposed for designing fixed-structure LPV controllers based on an input-output (IO) representation form. Both the LPV-IO LPV model and the LPV-IO controller are assumed to depend affinely and statically on the scheduling variables. By using an implicit representation of the system model and the controller, an exact representation of the closed-loop behavior with affine dependency on the scheduling variables is achieved. This representation allows to apply Finsler's Lemma for deriving novel stability as well as quadratic performance conditions in the form of bilinear matrix inequalities (BMIs).


This article investigates the total PWM-induced power losses in interior permanent magnet (IPM) machines excited by wide bandgap (WBG)-based voltage-source inverters with different pulsewidth modulation (PWM) schemes and a wide range of switching frequencies. The PWM current ripple characteristics are predicted and compared using an accurate analytical model. Three enhanced power loss estimation models are utilized to estimate the PWM-induced power losses in each of three major machine materials: the stator form-wound windings, the stator and rotor iron cores, and the permanent magnets in the rotor cavities. The variation trend of each loss component versus PWM frequency and modulation scheme is provided. Experiments have validated the model accuracy in two IPM machines designed for traction applications. Both measured and predicted results suggest that increasing the PWM frequency is beneficial for suppressing the PWM-induced power losses in IPM machines. In conjunction with the reduction in machine-related power losses, it has also been demonstrated that a higher PWM frequency in IPM drives with WBG-based inverter exhibits the appealing potential for improving the system-level efficiency in traction applications.


With the European Green Deal, the importance of recycled products and materials has increased. Specifically, for PET bottles, a high content of recycled material (rPET) is demanded by the industry and consumers. This study was carried out in a lab environment replicating real-life industrial processes, to investigate the possible impacts on rPET quality over eleven recycling loops, aiming to use high amounts of rPET repetitively. A cycle included extrusion, solid state polycondensation (SSP), a second extrusion to simulate bottle production, hot wash and a drying step. 75% rPET and 25% virgin PET were extruded in eleven cycles to simulate a recycling and production process. Samples underwent chemical, physical and biological analysis. The quality of the rPET material was not adversely affected. Parameters such as coloring, intrinsic viscosity, concentration of critical chemicals and presence of mutagenic contaminants could be positively assessed. The quality of the produced material was likely influenced by the input material's high standard. A closed loop PET bottle recycling process using an rPET content of up to 75% was possible when following the proposed process, indicating that this level of recycled content can be maintained indefinitely without compromising quality.


Malnutrition is one of the most important prognostic factors which can influence the clinical outcome of patients with end-stage liver disease. This review focuses on the research advances in the etiology, assessment and treatment of malnutrition in patients with end-stage liver disease.


Introduction: Data from National Mental Health Survey (NMHS) of India-2016 revealed that the prevalence of mental disorders in India is 13.7%. The prevalence of other mental disorders like anxiety, depression, substance use etc. was found 10% of the population, nearly twice more in urban metros and with significant gender differences. The available treatment options are based on symptoms severity. Thus, integrated care models are required to tackle the condition. Shirodhara, one of the classical treatments is being practiced since years to cure mental health conditions among individuals. This study was planned to review the effects of Shirodhara on mental health conditions.
Materials and Methods: A review was conducted using (Shirodhara) AND (Anxiety OR Depressive Disorder OR Depression OR Stress OR Mental Health OR Mental Disorders OR Sleep) as keywords. The articles with full paper, in English language and published during last 10 years were considered for the review.
Observations and Results: In the present review, total 5 Studies were found to be eligible and thus were included. The mental health condition of the patients was significantly improved in overall all the groups of the included trials. The effects are more prominent in comparative groups where Shirodhara has been used in combination or in addition with oral medications as compared to alone therapy. It is also observed that Cognitive functions, executive memory, sleep quality and quality of life were better improved with add on Shirodhara therapy.
Discussion: Mano-Vikara are mostly explained under Vata-Nanatmaja Vikara and of Vata and Pitta Dusthi Lakshan. Shirodhara is one of the best remedy of pacifying the abnormal Vata Doshas as per classics. No severe adverse events were reported in any of the five trials, but minor adverse events were reported by four participants in one trial.
Conclusion: Shirodhara is beneficial in improving mental health conditions. Hence, it can be used as one of the integrated treatment modality so as to encourage the multilevel approach with a solution of improving mental health conditions and quality of life of the people.


In this paper, a system consisting of one atom coupled to two identical optical cavities in a stochastic interaction is investigated for the entanglement properties between the constituents by the Jaynes–Cummings model. The noise is considered to be the random phase telegraph noise and an exact solution of the model under this noise is obtained. The effects of the noise on the entanglement of the system reveal that the genuine three-partite entanglement cannot appear in the evolution of the system even in the presence of the random phase telegraph noise. The fields and the atom do not entangle with each other. However, the noise is cooperative and constructive in building a strong steady state field–field entanglement. Therefore, the separable state of the atom plays the role of a catalyst in the entanglement between the states of the cavity fields.


Abstract After initial investments, relationship financiers routinely observe interim information about projects before continuing financing them. Meanwhile, entrepreneurs produce information endogenously and issue securities to incumbent insider and competitive outsider investors. In such persuasion games with differentially informed receivers and contingent transfers, entrepreneurs' endogenous experimentation reduces insiders' information monopoly but impedes relationship formation through an "information production hold-up." Insiders' information production and interim competition mitigate this hold-up and jointly explain empirical links between competition and relationship lending. Optimal contracts restore first-best outcomes using convertible securities for insiders and residuals for outsiders. Our findings are robust under various extensions and alternative specifications.


We report on a solution-based method to fabricate a multidimensional heterojunction composed of one-dimensional zinc oxide nanorods (ZnO NRs) decorated with zero-dimensional cupric oxide nanoparticles (CuO NPs). The ZnO NRs were vertically grown on a reduced graphene oxide (rGO) thin film, and the sensing properties of the synthesized heterojunction were investigated under ultraviolet (UV) irradiation at room temperature to assess their practical application. The CuO NPs decorated on the ZnO NRs play an essential role in creating numerous p-n heterojunctions at the interface and remediating oxygen-related defects in the ZnO NRs. Relative to the ZnO NR structures without CuO NPs, the CuO/ZnO multidimensional heterostructures show higher sensitivity and faster response, demonstrating their potential use as UV sensors.


A simple method is proposed for determining the impact parameter in relativistic nucleus-nucleus collisions. Assuming a monotonous correlation between multiplicity and impact parameter, the multiplicity dependence of the measured cross section is interpreted as an impact-parameter dependence of the geometrical reaction cross section. The reliability of this method is checked to be excellent within the framework of the intranuclear cascade model. Its application to data analysis at lower and higher energies is suggested.


The balance of stability and maneuverability is the foundation of the trajectory correction projectile. For the terminal correction projectile without an attitude feedback loop, a larger control force is expected which may cause an instability. This paper proposes a novel method to derive instability boundaries for the control force magnitude. No additional coordinate system is needed in this method. By introducing the concept of angular compensation matrix, the exterior ballistic linearized equations considering control force are established. The necessary prerequisite for a stable flight under control is given by the Routh stability criterion. The instability boundaries for the control force magnitude are derived. The results of example flights are 13.5% more accurate compared with that in relevant research. Numerical simulations demonstrate that if the control force magnitude lies in the unstable scope derived in this paper, the projectile loses its stability. Furthermore, the effects of the projectile pitch, velocity, and roll rate on flight stability during correction are investigated using the proposed instability boundaries.


Sea ice is one of the causes of marine disasters. The classification of sea ice images is an important part of sea ice detection. The labeled samples in hyperspectral sea ice image classification are difficult to acquire, which causes minor sample problems. In addition, most of the current sea ice classification methods mainly use spectral features for shallow learning, which also limits further improvement of the sea ice classification accuracy. Therefore, this paper proposes a hyperspectral sea ice image classification method based on the spectral-spatial-joint feature with deep learning. The proposed method first extracts sea ice texture information by the gray-level co-occurrence matrix (GLCM). Then, it performs dimensionality reduction and a correlation analysis of the spectral information and spatial information of the unlabeled samples, respectively. It eliminates redundant information by extracting the spectral-spatial information of the neighboring unlabeled samples of the labeled sample and integrating the information with the spectral and texture data of the labeled sample to further enhance the quality of the labeled sample. Lastly, the three-dimensional convolutional neural network (3D-CNN) model is designed to extract the deep spectral-spatial features of sea ice. The proposed method combines relevant textural features and performs spectral-spatial feature extraction based on the 3D-CNN model by using a large amount of unlabeled sample information. In order to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method, sea ice classification experiments are carried out on two hyperspectral data sets: Baffin Bay and Bohai Bay. Compared with the CNN algorithm based on a single feature (spectral or spatial) and other CNN algorithms based on spectral-spatial features, the experimental results show that the proposed method achieves better sea ice classification (98.52% and 97.91%) with small samples. Therefore, it is more suitable for classifying hyperspectral sea ice images.