Different types of board-level noise filter networks are evaluated to find their effectiveness for improving the immunity of CMOS ICs against the transient-induced latchup (TLU) under the system-level electrostatic discharge (ESD) test. By choosing proper components in each noise filter network, the TLU immunity of CMOS ICs can be greatly improved. All the experimental evaluations have been verified with the silicon-controlled rectifier (SCR) test structures and the ring oscillator circuit fabricated in a 0.25-mum CMOS technology. Some board-level solutions can be further integrated into the chip design to effectively improve the TLU immunity of CMOS IC products


Background Home visitation programs designed to decrease the risk of child maltreatment are well supported by research. However, there is a lack of research on the efficacy of home visitation programs conducted by lay educators. To examine if lay educators could provide education that impacts specific behaviour changes, the Injury Prevention Center of Greater Dallas partnered with the Texas Home Instruction for Parents of Preschool Youngsters to implement a residential fire and scald burn prevention project. Methods The educators were randomly assigned into intervention and comparison groups. Pre intervention home assessments were conducted in both the intervention and comparison groups. Educators in the intervention group provided literature and one-time verbal education to participants on smoke detectors and proper hot water temperature. Educators in the comparison group only provided written literature. The post intervention assessments were conducted 2 months following the preassessment. Results The prevalence of smoke detectors increased in both the comparison and intervention groups (intervention 13% increase; comparison 11% increase). In the intervention group, 14% decreased hot water temperature to at or below 120 degrees. Among the comparison group, 6% decreased hot water temperature to at or below 120 degrees. Conclusion There were limitations in the study and a second phase will be implemented. However, the program appears to be a cost-effective method to providing safety messages to families.


The essential feature of modern mass media is its large, heterogeneous and widely dispersed audience. This feature has its root in the audience of the traditional theatre, musical performances and political rallies, which involves physical gathering of people previously sharing little perspectives about the events bringing them together. Rhetorical styles are strong instruments of sustaining the attention of people in such gatherings. Such styles sometimes involve evoking emotions and audience empathy to the cause of the speakers in such gatherings and often, this stimulates the audience into predictable actions. This feature is strongly shared by the modern mass media, whose immense strength to stimulate the masses into negative and positive actions have been recognized. Technological innovations in the media are constantly reinforcing this strength on the audience who are now bigger, much more dispersed and relying more on the media with pervasive consequences of media messages on their behavioral disposition towards public issues.
This paper critically reviews the rhetorical influence of the mass media on Nigerian society and makes suggestions on ways by which the media could exhibit more social responsibility during their rhetorical transaction with the audience.


In Rwanda, livestock plays an integral part in the national economy. It contributes to improve the socio-economic status and wellbeing of Rwandans, fight malnutrition, and promote food and nutrition security. Over the past 2 decades, the government of Rwanda, in collaboration with different actors and stakeholders, has put in place strategic and implementation plans to strengthen livestock production in Rwanda. Although a remarkable step has been made in increasing animal productivity, there are still a lot of constraints and challenges in this sector. The scarcity of animal feeds is one of the main challenges that impair the development of the animal sector in Rwanda. In this review, the current status of the feed sector, future goals, and strategies to tackle and sustain animal feed resources in Rwanda are highly discussed. To the end of this article, some recommendations are made to the farmers, feed manufacturers and the government. Considering the available data, investment opportunities for feed production in Rwanda should be evaluated. In addition, there are significant shortcomings in the field of food safety and the provision. The development of the needs in this sector includes entrepreneurship opportunities.


Based on the monthly mean rainfall data at 160 China stations, the National Centers for Environmental Prediction /National Centers for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) reanalysis dataset, and HadISST1 dataset for 1951-2009, the temporal evolution and spatial distribution of precipitation over eastern China (15°N-40°N, east of 100°E) during the Meiyu season (June and July) are investigated with the empirical orthogonal function (EOF). It shows that there are two dominant modes, the first EOF mode depicting a precipitation oscillation between the Yangtze River valley and South China, and the second EOF mode describing a consistent precipitation anomaly over the south of the Yangtze River. In this study two time scales are separated as: interannual component whose period is shorter than eight years and interdecadal component whose period is longer than eight years. After analyzing the precipitation at these two time scales during Meiyu season, it is found that for both of the annual scale and the decadal scale, the first two leading modes are a precipitation oscillation between the Yangtze River valley and South China, and a consistent precipitation anomaly over the south of the Yangtze River. The result of the comparison between these two time scales shows that the pattern for the precipitation oscillation between the Yangtze River valley and South China has clear interannual and interdecadal variations, and the pattern for the consistent precipitation anomaly over the south of the Yangtze River is mainly characterized by interdecadal variation. The atmospheric circulation and the sea surface temperature (SST) patterns associated with these two modes are investigated through the regression / correlation method. It shows that although the leading modes of interannual component are similar to those at the decadal scale, the associated circulation and SST anomalies are quite different. The atmospheric circulation anomalies associated with the pattern which shows the precipitation oscillation between the Yangtze River valley and South China for the interannual component include the double blockings at mid-high latitudes and the meridional wave train over Eurasia, and the East Asian subtropical jet shows significant positive anomaly. The atmospheric circulation anomalies associated with this pattern of the interdecadal component include the consistent positive geopotential height anomaly over Eurasia, and the subtropical high over East Asia strengthens and shifts northward. The SST anomalies associated with this pattern of the interannual component is mainly represented by the positive SST anomaly over the ocean around Japan and the Indian Ocean during the preceding winter and spring, and over the South China Sea during the simultaneous Meiyu period. The SST anomalies associated with this pattern of the interdecadal component is mainly represented by the negative horseshoe SST anomaly over the North Pacific during the simultaneous Meiyu period. The atmospheric circulation anomalies associated with the pattern which shows the consistent precipitation anomaly over the south of the Yangtze River for the interannual component are characterized by the Okhotsk blocking high and the meridional wave train in East Asia. And the atmospheric circulation anomalies associated with this pattern of the interdecadal component include the positive geopotential height anomaly over Eurasia and the East Asian subtropical jet weakens and shifts southward. The SST anomalies associated with this pattern of the interannual component mainly are represented by the negative SST anomaly over the North Pacific and the positive SST anomaly over the east coast of Australia during the preceding winter and spring, and the positive SST anomaly over the South China Sea during the simultaneous Meiyu season. The positive SST anomalies over the coast seas of East Asia during the preceding winter and spring, and those over the South China Sea and the tropical western Pacific during the simultaneous Meiyu period are highly correlated with this pattern of the interdecadal component.


A historical review of philosophers who have considered the role of the wealthy in society is presented and the moral implications of this controversial tax discussed.


A phoswich-type neutron detector was developed in order to measure high-energy cosmic ray neutron spectra in aircraft. The neutron detector consists of an EJ309 organic liquid scintillator that is 121.7mm in diameter and 121.7mm in length and is covered with a 15mm thick EJ299-13 outer plastic scintillator. The neutron response functions of the detector are required for the unfolding method to obtain the energy spectrum. The neutron response functions were created based on MCNPX simulations using an anticoincidence mode with the experimental light-output correlations with particle energies, uniformity of light collection and energy resolutions. The light-output correlation with particle energy, the uniformity of light collection and the energy resolutions were evaluated based on experiments. Measurements of neutron response functions were performed using four quasi-monoenergetic neutron beams from 40 to 80 MeV p-Li reactions to verify the calculated results. The calculated response functions show good agreement with the measurements. The angular response of the phoswich detector was confirmed to be isotropic from the calculation. The photon response functions of the detector were also calculated and agreed well with the measurements for 6.129MeV photons. Neutron and photon response matrices were created up to 300 and 50 MeV, respectively, over a wide energy range for experimental flights.


This study aims to determine the effect of product quality and price perception on consumer satisfaction and repurchase decisions on consumers who buy and use Pepsodent toothpaste. This research was conducted in Denpasar City with a sample size of 105 respondents with non-probability methods in the form of purposive sampling. Data collection was carried out through questionnaires with as many as 15 indicators measured using a Likert scale. Data analysis techniques used in this study are path analysis techniques with classical assumption test and sobel test. The results of the study stated that the variables of customer satisfaction, product quality variables and price perception variables had a positive and significant effect on repurchase decisions.
Keywords: product quality, price perception, customer satisfaction, repeat purchase decisions


This article examines different analytical perspectives on Turkish-Russian relations and provides a conceptual history of developing connections between Turkey and Russia since the end of the Cold War. It first reviews evolving political relations, including military cooperation, and then focuses on economic relations, including energy cooperation. Finally, it discusses the socio-cultural aspects of bilateral relations, focusing on the movement of people. It shows how conflicting geopolitical interests have overshadowed the increasing economic cooperation and cultural exchange that had marked the previous two decades of bilateral relations. Although Turkey and Russia have competing regional interests, their dissatisfaction with and resentment of Western policies is one of the major reasons for their reluctant geopolitical cooperation. This article emphasizes the need for a multi-causal and analytically eclectic approach to analyzing Turkish-Russian relations that selectively recombines analytic components of causal mechanisms in competing research traditions.


prospective STARNL-1 trial is a single-arm, pre- post, intervention study. In 6 patients, the pro-arrhythmic cardiac region identified treated with a single stereotactic radiotherapy fraction of 25 Gy. Patients therapy-refractory, with recurrences after (multiple) VTablations high doses of class 1-3 anti-arrhythmic Background: Patients with ventricular arrhythmias (VAs) often experience psychological symptoms and poor quality of life (QOL). Patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) are validated questionnaires used to quantitate physical and psychosocial symptom burden. Objective: To analyze changes in PROMs after initial visit to a multidisciplinary (EP + psychologist) VA clinic for patients with prior sudden cardiac arrest, sustained ventricular arrhythmias or implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) shocks. Methods: At each clinic visit, patients completed 3 general health PROMs (New York Health Association class and visual analogue scales for physical health status and QOL) and 4 psychosocial PROMs (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS-A and -D), Cardiac Anxiety Questionnaire (CAQ), Florida Shock Anxiety Scale (FSAS), and Florida Patient Acceptance Scale (FPAS)). We compared baseline PROM scores prior to first appointment (A), at second clinic visit (B), and at most recent visit (C) using paired t-tests for repeated measures within subject. Clinical variables hypothesized to influence change in PROM scores were evaluated using t-test and 2-tailed correlation analysis. Results: Sixty-two patients (age 6 years, Prevalence patients moderate-severe Background: Programmed stimulation (PS) is an established acute endpoint for ablation of scar-related VT. The characteristics and outcomes of patients rendered noninducible, inducible for non-clinical VTs, and those without PS have not been examined compared to those with acute failure in the multicenter IVTCC. Objective: Evaluate characteristics and prognostic value of PS for freedom from VTrecurrence, transplant, and death. Methods: Data from scar-related VTablations (both ischemic and non-ischemic) performed at 12 international referral centers were analyzed. Four categories of acute outcome based on PS were: 1) Non-inducible (NI), 2) Inducible for non-clinical VT (Partial), 3) not tested (NT) and 4) Inducible for clinical VT (Failure) and evaluated for VTand transplant-free survival. Results: Data for 1,903 pts with VTablation (12.8% women, 65 (55-72) years old) were analyzed. Eighty-five patients (4.5%) did not undergo PS after ablation. Compared with NI, Partial, and Failure patients, those NT had lower baseline EF (35%, 30%, 30% vs 25%, p , 0.001), more frequent Class IV heart failure (4.9%, 8.3%, 6.3% vs 14.5%; p 5 0.002), electrical storm (32.1%, 39.6%, 33.3% vs 51.3%, p 5 0.003). with NI, Partial, and Failure patients, those more likely to have only unmappable VT (34.6%, 44.1%, 47.5% vs 64.6%, p , 0.001), more ablation (31 min, 36 min, 22 min vs 48 min, p , 0.001), longer procedural time (240 min, 270 min, 270 min vs 293 min, p , 0.001), and had more procedural complications (4.3%, 10.4%, 11.4% vs 14.1%, p , 0.001). Patients rendered NI had highest freedom from VT, transplant, and death compared to Partial, NT, and acute Failure, respectively (74.1% vs 65.0%, 50.6%, 43.2%, p , 0.001) . Kaplan Meier estimates showed no significant differences between with those with Failure and NT, which were both significantly worse than those that achieved NI and Partial acute endpoints. Conclusion: Acute procedural success defined by complete or partial noninducibility is predictive of higher freedom from VT recurrence, transplant and death. Failure to test after ablation is associated with poor heart failure status, longer ablation and procedural duration, and higher rates of complications, with adverse outcomes comparable to those with acute procedural failure. Background: Oral anticoagulation (OAC) is under-prescribed in racial/ethnic minority patients with atrial fibrillation (AF). Little is known of how OAC rates differ in hospitalized patients with AF and how differential prescribing relates to inequities in AF outcomes. Objective: We compared OAC initiation and AF-related outcomes by race/ethnicity in Get With The Guidelines-AFib, a national quality improvement initiative for hospitalized AF patients. Methods: Our primary outcome was the presence of OAC at discharge by race/ethnicity. We used Medicare linkage data to assess our secondary outcome of ischemic stroke, bleeding, or all-cause mortality at 1-year post-discharge by race/ethnicity. We


We propose stratified institutions (a decade old generalised version of the theory of institutions of Goguen and Burstall) as a fully abstract model theoretic approach to modal logic. This allows for a uniform treatment of model theoretic aspects across the great multiplicity of contemporary modal logic systems. Moreover Kripke semantics (in all its manifold variations) is captured in an implicit manner free from the sometimes bulky aspects of explicit Kripke structures, also accommodating other forms of concrete semantics for modal logic systems. The conceptual power of stratified institutions is illustrated with the development of a modal ultraproducts method that is independent of the concrete details of the actual modal logical systems. Consequently, a wide array of compactness results in concrete modal logics may be derived easily.


Leader article of Museum. Image. Senses . The monography examines, through a score of scientific articles, the relationships between visual and sensory experience in museums. To do this, it brings together works related to art history, visual theory, communication, cultural and social action in museums, as well as new museological projects that aim to bring art closer to a growing diversity of people.


Because lubricating oil for moving parts is not allowed to go into the pulse tube cryocooler, Stirling type pulse tube cryocoolers are generally driven by oil‐free compressors although oil‐lubricated compressors are much cheaper and facile. Recently, it was proposed that an acoustic transparent and oil blocking diaphragm could be employed to separate the compressor and the cryocooler. Thus, the cryocooler can be driven by oil‐lubricated compressors. In this paper, a pulse tube cryocooler is designed to match a crankcase compressor. Although the efficiency of the crankcase compressor is lower compared with the oil‐free linear compressor, the crankcase compressor can easily work at lower frequency which results in higher efficiency for the cryocooler. So the relative high performance of the whole system can be maintained. In this system, the cryocooler delivers 28.5 W of cooling at 80 K with 680 W of electrical input power and operates at 15 Hz. The corresponding Carnot efficiency is 11.52%.


The Dutch government currently considers the decentralized storage of the enrolled template of the document holder on a chip embedded in the travel-document in order to allow biometric verification if the document is presented by the rightful holder. The main purpose of the intended biometric application is combating the misuse of travel-documents by look-alikes. Because travel-documents simultaneously function as identity documents, this misuse not only involves border crossing but also acquiring services from government, municipality and the private sector. This paper recognizes some inherent problems: (1) due to human factors, false reject rates will expectedly be considerable, and look-alikes will claim to be falsely rejected (2) the look-alike may sabotage the biometric functionality of the travel-document and (3) the enrolment process may be fraudulently frustrated. Partial solutions are layered biometrics and centralized storage of personalized templates in the registers of travel-documents or their semi-centralized storage in municipal registers. The usefulness of decentralized storage of biometric templates on travel-documents is discussed.© (2002) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.


This study applies market segmentation techniques to the problem of volunteer recruitment and retention in nonprofit voluntary orga nizations. Four types of volunteer roles are studied: direct service, leadership, general support, and member-at-large. A mail survey is analyzed, and the conclusion is reached that the volunteer market can be meaningfully segmented and that knowledge of volunteers' differing life-styles can lead to the effective targeting of particular groups.


Purpose
The purpose of this paper is testing customer's knowledge on customer intimacy and its impact on repurchase intention, specifically to Bank Muamalat's customers in Jakarta, Indonesia.

Design/methodology/approach
This research was conducted at sharia bank with research subject that is a customer of Bank Muamalat reasons to choose Bank Muamalat as a representative of other sharia banks as a place of research because it is the first sharia bank in Indonesia and more experienced in implementing sharia practices. The branch offices approved as research sites are only seven branch offices (Panglima Polim, Slipi, Tanah Abang, Kemayoran, Mangga Dua, Buaran and Kalimalang) in five areas of DKI Jakarta (Central Jakarta, West Jakarta, South Jakarta, East Jakarta and North Jakarta). Respondents at the seven branch offices are considered to represent customers of Bank Muamalat in the area of Jakarta. Data were collected from August to December 2017.

Findings
High customer knowledge is able to encourage customer intimacy, and high customer intimacy is also able to encourage repurchase intention. On the other hand, it was found that customer knowledge was not directly able to increase the intention of repeat purchase. However, from the mediation test (indirect effect) is seen with high customer knowledge, supported by the high customer intimacy, it can indirectly increase the high repurchasing intention.

Originality/value
Originality is seen from testing the mediation effect of customer intimacy on the influence of customer knowledge on purchase intentions. Furthermore, inconsistencies put the customer's familiarity with familiarity, and familiarity with the intention of repeat purchase, are re-examined in the context of sharia banks. It is assumed the test results will be different if done in different countries and institutions.


Abstract : Experimental and methodological investigations are reported on learning phenomena and psychometric methods relevant to instructional technology and computer-assisted instruction. The report describes accomplishments and presents a listing of reports and products produced. The work is reported in terms of five areas of effort: Adaptation of instructional environments to the learning characteristics of the individual trainee; Computer testing, computer algorithms, and languages for experimental instructional systems; Exploration of techniques for learner manipulation of subject matter; The development of concepts and techniques for the analysis of subject-matter structures; and Annual conferences on developments in learning relevant to instruction and development. (Author)


It's always a dilemma between medical staffs' explaining obligation and patients' informed consent right,especially right for cancer patients.In recent years,as the cancer incidence has increased and showed younger trend,how to fulfill explaining obligation to cancer patient has become a topic worth studying.This article emphasizes particularly on the concrete measures of how to fulfill explaining obligation to cancer patients,in the hope that cancer patients can be treated with dignity,medical staffs' lawful rights can be protected and medical disputes caused during this progress can be properly solved through the practice of medical staffs' scientific explaining.


Electronic literature as public art nds broad audiences in ve theme-speci c media arts shows hosted in Bergen, Norway. Residents of Bergen — Norway's second city and the nation's artistic hub — enjoy unusual access to public art. Living ten months in Bergen as a visiting Fulbright Scholar, my ordinary walks through the cobblestoned city were often punctuated by pop-up installations. One Saturday afternoon, for example, a twenty-minute walk wended by three art installations, all of them funded by the Bergen Kommune, the city government. If you've ever wondered what it would be like if artists earned middle-class incomes, visit Bergen and see the results. As an American, I'm accustomed to digital artists having to nd sponsorship from corporations or university labs, to self-fund, or to make art on a shoestring. Art funded by the Kommune — I myself received a small stipend for "RestOration: Kalfarlien 18" — answers a broad mandate to "strengthen the City of Bergen as a national cultural centre of gravity for international contact and exchange, traversing borders of nationality and genre," the rst goal listed in the City's 2003-2013 Strategic Action Plan for Art and Cultural Policy. The ve Media Arts exhibits organized by Scott Rettberg and Roderick Coover make a powerful claim for electronic literature as public art. There was an unusual degree of planning and coordination between local host Rettberg and the various Norwegian galleries, libraries, organizations, and funders that hosted and/or co-sponsored the media arts shows. The result?  Every aspect of these ve shows was aesthetically suited to the e-literature they presented. The Electronic Literature Organization's rst-ever kids e-lit show was housed at the Bergen Public Library. Lydgalleriet, Bergen's sound gallery located right next to the large and active Literary House, hosted the Synesthesia and Hybridity show. "De-Centering: Global Electronic Literature" ful lled the mission of Galleri 3,14 (that is, Gallery π) to display art that would otherwise not be seen in Norway. Several organizations — Arts Council Norway, the Nordic Culture Fund, Hordaland county, the Polish Ministry of Culture, the French-Nordic Center for the Humanities, the Research Council of Norway and the University in Bergen — contributed space or funding toward world-class shows that displayed eliterature in gorgeous settings within easy walking distance of each other, making e-lit freely accessible to communities across this city. DE-CENTERING: GLOBAL ELECTRONIC LITERATURE 5/21/2019 Hyperrhiz: New Media Cultures | ISSN 1555-9351 hyperrhiz.io/hyperrhiz14/commentary/1-berens-five-shows.html 2/13 For me, the most striking exhibit was "De-Centering: Global Electronic Literature," which featured work from nations that have traditionally been underrepresented in ELO shows and collections. Even the title "DeCentering" invoked this exhibit's comparison to the de facto "center" of e-literature in western European and North American traditions. The exhibit's historic reach back to Peruvian, Polish and Russian computational artists in the 1970s and 80s actively "decentered" the axis on which much of the e-literature canon spins. Polish Demo scene videos (circa 1980s) compiled by Piotr Marecki, and especially "P2P: A Comparative Exhibit of Experimental Polish and Portuguese Literature in Print and the Digital Era" curated by Marecki, Álvaro Seiça, and Rui Torres, drew together an impressive body of text-based generative poetry in both traditions that suggests parallel experimental developments during a time when the Iron Curtain frustrated cultural transmission. A collection of contemporary Russian Electronic Literature curated by Natalia Federova featured a number of present-day kinetic and video works. Subtitled "This is Not a Utopia," the Russian works displayed a wide range of techniques, including the lettrism for which Fedorova is known. "Polarities" by Elena Demidova and Maxim Kalmykov (viewable here) is a beautiful pinwheel of Russian letters whirling from animated hubs of red and blue colors on a white background. The fast-moving formations never resolve into a static image one could run through Google translate. Focus (2014), a poem in English by Irina Ivannikova and Maxim Kalmykov, explores the physicality of reading. (See my playthrough of it here.) 5/21/2019 Hyperrhiz: New Media Cultures | ISSN 1555-9351 hyperrhiz.io/hyperrhiz14/commentary/1-berens-five-shows.html 3/13 5/21/2019 Hyperrhiz: New Media Cultures | ISSN 1555-9351 hyperrhiz.io/hyperrhiz14/commentary/1-berens-five-shows.html 4/13 Figure 1: 'Badly Wrapped': one of José Aburto's 'Small Poetic Interfaces.' Readers pull a string to activate the screen interface, a remediated typewriter. From Perú, José Aburto's four "Small Poetic Interfaces" brilliantly invite navigation without use of screen or keyboard. 3D-printed, colorful plastic boxes housed the interfaces, which you can glimpse in the image. My favorite was "Scream," which would produce a poem only if the reader could shout into the orange box with suf cient volume and breath. These poems shattered the quiet of Galleri 3,14's elegant woodoor gallery. In my several trips to this exhibit, nobody beat little Benji Rettberg, then age ve, in coaxing a poem from the box. Most visitors were too shy or reserved to shout the program into printing a poem. A fascinating poetic frustration. Approximately 33,000 asylum seekers entered Norway in 2015. When I lived there, Bergen's population re ected such internationalism. My children were in school with kids from Africa, the middle east, central Europe and western Europe, all learning Norwegian language immersion and culture, which involved cross country skiing eld trips and a wetsuited dive into freezing fjord water. Bergensers are well-situated to nd immigration stories relevant. "High Muck a Muck: Playing Chinese" depicts Chinese immigration and assimilation in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. Authored by ten artists (Nicola Harwood, Fred Wah, Jin Zhang, Bessie Wapp, Simon Lysander Overstall, Tomoyo Ihaya, Phillip Djwa, Thomas Loh, Hiromoto Ida and Patrice Leung), this interactive poem with hand-drawn graphics overlaid on a map speaks to a city as a space of mixed race co-habitation. Winner of the 2015 New Media Writing Prize, "High Muck a Muck" addresses questions of assimilation and nation in ways that might particularly interest Norwegians, whose census collects no information about race. This surprised me until it was explained that Norway, like several other European nations, doesn't collect racial information having seen the uses to which such information was put by the Third Reich. Interactive poetry about racial assimilation makes a case for qualitative, not quantitative, perspectives on race. HYBRIDITY AND SYNESTHESIA Lydgalleriet, Bergen's sound gallery, hosted the movement-intensive "Hybridity and Synesthesia" exhibit featuring works that appeal to our senses of touch, sound and sight. Many of the works allowed for multisensory exploration and physical play. Joellyn Rock and Allison Aune's "Fish Net Stockings" allowed visitors to dance with silhouettes of mermaids against a backdrop of vivid jewel-toned colors and eeting text streamed via a Twitter hashtag. Children passing the gallery's picture window on this busy street in the arts district stopped in to dance with the mermaids. The multidimensional poetry made by these human/nonhuman dancers, punctuated by the text projected atop them, made for a more embodied kind of "generated" poetry where the live text juxtaposed against movement and color made for serendipitous accidents of meaning. Anastasia Salter and John Murray's "From Beyond" ushered guests into a curtained and dimly-lit nook, where they encountered a wooden planchette as the interface for this Twine-based hypertext story about the supernatural. Readers — as if communicating with the dead via the Ouija board — can move the planchette on the carved wooden box to indicate "YES" or "NO" answers to the prompts on the screen. These choices accumulate into a story experience that lets readers ruminate on the "ghost in the machine," a ghost that readers themselves embodied through their own physical interaction with the work. 5/21/2019 Hyperrhiz: New Media Cultures | ISSN 1555-9351 hyperrhiz.io/hyperrhiz14/commentary/1-berens-five-shows.html 5/13 Figure 2: Anastasia Salter and John Murray present 'From Beyond,' a Twine hypertext with a wood planchette Ouija board user interface. Movement was required to experience Caitlin Fisher and Tony Viere's augmented reality work "Mother/Home/Heaven," which uses iPad cameras as magic mirrors to view ordinary objects supplied by Fisher that then pop visually and aurally rich augmented reality vignettes. Culled from nineteenth-century Canadian pioneer diaries, the AR was triggered by interaction with familiar objects one would nd in a general store. Traveling from York, Canada, Fisher and Viere brought photographs of the nineteenth-century objects rather than lug those objects to Bergen. The images were hung on the walls and on the gallery's picture window. It is always a kind of pleasant dance to gure out exactly how to align the camera with the AR tags on the object so that it can be read; in this sense, the "work" of reading is to collaborate with the machine, angling the tablet so that it will yield story. This stands in stark relief against the human network conjured by the general store, and the actual people gathered around them inside the gallery. Mez Breeze and Andy Campbell's #CARNIVAST, and Julie Vulcan and Ashley Scott's RIMA explore opposite ends of how words spatially shape human experience. In #CARNIVAST,  Breeze and Campbell's codepoetry app creates word-structures as inhabitable one can touch, meld, and explore. #CARNIVAST was exhibited on a laptop set on pedestal near the doorway, a textual portal literalized in its placement near the door. RIMA depicted a l


MR. BAKER'S pioneer effort to survey the whole field of geographical discovery throughout the centuries fills a long-felt need. There is an embarrassing wealth of original accounts of voyages of discovery, and there are a few outstanding studies of particular periods or regions. With remarkable skill and accuracy the author has here gathered together all the essentials of our knowledge of the obtaining of the data on which modern charts and maps are based. A short bibliographical study precedes the volume; for each chapter a main source list is given and, in addition, there are numerous text references to authorities. The author frequently points out that the more spectacular voyages were by no means always the most fruitful in scientific results; his thoughtful appraisement of the ultimate geographical importance of many little-known voyages should help to stimulate the student's critical faculty.A History of Geographical Discovery and Exploration.By J. N. L. Baker. (Harrap's New Geographical Series.) Pp. 544. (London, Bombay and Sydney: George G. Harrap and Co., Ltd., 1931.) 12s. 6d. net.


A process for preparing the permanent-magnet AlNiCo alloy with equiaxed crystals includes such steps as proportionally mixing Al, Ni, Co, Cu, Ti, NbFe (1: 1), Fe, Si, FeS and SmCo, charging the mixture in furnace, preparing casting mould, vacuumizing, electric heating, filling Ar gas, casting, annealing, two-stage preheating, solution treating, magnetic field controlled cooling and three-stage tempering.


The love of economy which, in all departments is 3. characteristic of the Japanese, is abundantly seen in their nursing arrangements. Their nurses, as we stated when the war with Russia broke out, are only paid ?1 a month as salary, and live in the very simplest way, sleeping on two cushions called futons, and having so few possessions that they can be contained in a single miniature locker. The food they eat costs so little that it is possible to feed six ?Japanese nurses for the same sum it would cost to provision a single foreign nurse. Although the


In this study residues of diclazuril were compared in the plasma,skin-fat,liver,kidney and muscle of health chicken and the chicken infected with Eimeria(3 mg/L,freely drinking for 9 days successively).Methanol and acetonitrile were used to extract drug from plasma and tissues respectively,then diclazuril concentration was determined by high performance liquid chromatography.The results showed that the residues of diclazuril in tissues of chickens infected with Eimeria was lower than the healthy group and its elimination is faster,this showed that mixed infection with Eimeria has a certain influence on residues and elimination of diclazuril.


An LED lamp assembly is characterized in that an LED lamp is circular, an electrode is arranged on the upper surface of the LED lamp, a conducting film supported by an insulating member is arranged on the upper surface of the circular LED lamp, and the conducting film contacts with and separates the upper surface of the circular LED lamp to form an LED lamp switch. The LED assembly has the advantages that the structure is simplified; the LED lamp and the LED lamp switch are integrated, so that less nose space is occupied and installation is easier when the LED lamp assembly is installed in a nose of a tooth drill handset.


The purpose of this paper is lo show that analysis of trusses (and hence that of bridges) can be efectiveb carried out using the three concepts of Basic Electric Circuit Analysis, namely the Superp osi f ion The6rem, Kirchhafs Current Lmv and the Cut-set method. 1. Narrative


The authors give here a qualitative and quantitative description of the phytoplancton in the brackish waters of the St. Lawrence Upper Estuary (Quebec). The very high observed concentrations are the responsibility of fresh-water forms: Skeletonema subsalsum, Melosira binderana, Diatoma elongatum, Asterionella formosa, Fragilaria crotonensis, F. capucina, Cyclotella striata, Melosira islandica, Ankistrodesmus falcatus and Scenedesmus quadricauda; 193 species are listed in an appendix.


Different kinds of common knowledge, like folk psychology and proverb knowledge, can be used for decision-making in decision and game theory.


Introduction: Liver transplantation is the choice of treatment for patients with some liver diseases. Despite the fact that the immunosuppression following the organ transplant may represent an important risk factor for viral infections, COVID-19 showed a heterogeneous evolution in these patients. The pandemic caused by the new coronavirus had a significant impact on solid organ transplants globally, a fact that was not restricted solely on aspects of donors or recipients, but also by the availability of health resources, since the systems were saturated by the management of patients with COVID-19. Objective: To discuss in a narrative review the main impacts of COVID-19 pandemic on liver transplants, nationally and globally, enrolling the current scenario of liver transplant and the clinical conditions and management of transplant recipients infected by SARS-CoV-2. Methods: Non-experimental, descriptive and narrative bibliographic review. Discussion: Drastic reductions in transplants from deceased donors were observed in France and the United States, corresponding to 90.6% and 51.1% respectively. Brazil had a 7.9% reduction. The clinical presentations of COVID-19 in post-liver transplant patients occur similarly to the general population. Regarding the mortality rate, the rate among transplant recipients was around 4.8%, also similar to the rate observed in the general population. It is assumed that the severity of COVID-19 is associated with a cytokine storm, and therefore, immunosuppressive therapy could have benefits on the evolution of the disease. Concerning the management of these patients, the main challenge relies on the maintenance of the immunosuppressants, which should be maintained Brazilian Journal of health Review Braz. J. Hea. Rev, Curitiba, v. 3, n. 6, p.17183-17195. nov./dez. 2020. ISSN 2595-6825 17185 in almost all mild cases and possibly reduced in moderate and severe cases. The recommendations of the Transplantation Societies and the guidelines suggest that there is a safe way to perform liver transplantation during the COVID-19 pandemic, and the risks and benefits should be discussed by each team. Conclusion: It is possible to conclude that the data are still insufficient and there is need for further studies on the subject to effectively direct decisions related to the risks and benefits of performing liver transplantation in the current scenario and also standardize the proper management of these patients.


A senior engineering design course can be used to develop ties with industry while giving students a taste of real-life project engineering. The engineering and technology curricula at Lake Superior State University (LSSU) incorporate a two-semester, multidisciplinary capstone senior design course in which students participate in projects funded by local or regional industries. As such, the university must balance the needs of the funding company with the realities of teaching project engineering to students who may never have been involved in a "real" engineering project before. The funding companies expect and deserve a quality project and the university must provide students with a major design experience subject to realistic constraints that can be monitored and measured. Often, too, the students are more likely to remember and learn from a situation in which things goes wrong instead of a situation in which everything goes well.


AbstractSeveral commercial Cr-Mo- V steeels known to be of different susceptibilities to heat-affected zone stress -relief cracking have been compared by means of a modified rupture test, and the differences in susceptibilities demonstrated; these have been attributedprincipally to variations in vanadium content. Comparison of these data with those obtained previously for impurities shows that variations in vanadium content have a dominant effect on stress-relief cracking. The conclusions are examined against a background of experience gained within the power-generating industry.


"We have a multiracial culture everywhere in the country except onstage," declared San Francisco Mime Troupe resident playwright Joan Holden. Producer/director Michael Schultz, echoing Holden's comments, noted that "Interestingly, a lot of corporate America is beginning to change its complexion, but that hasn't filtered into the [entertainment] industry yet." These comments from participants at the Non-Traditional Casting Project Symposium held in Hollywood on II October 1988 (see Variety, 19 October 1988) are assessments of the state of integration in the professional American theatre. According to information released at the symposium, 90 percent of the productions in the U.S. are staffed, cast, and directed by Anglos, mostly males. Actors' Equity statistics indicate that while minorities account for about 17 percent of the population nationwide, fewer than I2 percent of the roles in regional theatres and about 6 percent of the roles on Broadway are filled by minority actors. Is this "much ado about nothing"? I think not. We should have a fully integrated theatre in the United States-we do not. The purpose of the theatre has always been, "to hold, as 'twere, the mirror up to nature." But the reflection we see in the current American theatre is highly unrepresentative of the world in which we live. A more accurate reflection is possible through multicultural casting. The following is a statement of our casting policy and a description of what we have accomplished at Texas AM or (b) representational plays in which we have the option of casting minority actors because a certain ethnicity will enhance the character and convey the playwright's ideas more effectively; or (c) presentational plays where, since there is no attempt to recreate a "realistic" picture of life, "color blind" casting can be practiced. In the casting of representational plays (realistic or naturalistic drama) there are many characters who could well be portrayed by people of various ethnic backgrounds, thus creating characters who extend and enhance the playwright's vision by giving the characters greater dimension and the play more resonance. In the case of most presentational plays (classic, neoclassic, and expressionistic drama) there is little or no attempt at realism. In


The paper describes an implementation of a Brooks-Iyengar algorithm on the Microchip PIC18F4550 platform. The circuit is considered as a testing platform to check the algorithm concept simulated in MATLAB before the final implementation as ASIC IP core. The results confirm the correctness of the proposed approach, which will be used in the final IP Core design.


Alison Bernstein's comments focus on two issues. First, she disagrees that black sex role relationships are more egalitarian than those among whites, and, second, she suggests that black women may have suffered a more subtle and complex form of sexism from black men than that experienced by white women. Obviously, the matter of sex roles among both whites and blacks requires further study. However, Bernstein buttresses her argument by quoting selectively from a review article by Gump and Rivers, who cite studies showing that black women are less career oriented, would rather be less involved in work than white women, etc. The review article itself was written to convince the dominant society, which has a romanticized view of the liberated black "superwoman," that black women need as much attention paid to increasing their occupational options as do white women.1 Their major findings were that black women work and expect to work more than white women; however, they work out of a sense of


The cases of U and B made the national news, being described as the first of the civil family law appeals brought about by the criminal decision in the case of Angela Cannings (R v. Cannings [2004] EWCA Crim 1, [2004] 1 WLR 2607). The Court of Appeal had quashed Mrs Cannings' conviction for the murder of two of her children, following a reappraisal of the expert evidence given in her case. In a forceful opinion, the Court of Appeal set down certain parameters within which expert evidence on sudden infant death might be approached and raised further questions about the medical diagnosis of Munchausen's syndrome by proxy (the deliberate fabrication of a child's illness by a parent). In response to the Court of Appeal decision, the Attorney General initiated a review of 256 completed and pending criminal cases where the prosecution had alleged that a parent had killed a child under two years of age. Of these, 28 cases were referred to the Criminal Cases Review Board. The Solicitor General also announced a parallel review of 5,000 care orders issued by the family courts as a result of an expert diagnosis of Munchausen's syndrome by proxy. Finally, in January 2004, the president of the Family Division issued administrative directions to ensure that family cases arising as a result of Cannings were transferred to the High Court as described in ReB (Acmid: Discloswe) [2004] EWEIC 411, [2004] 3 FCR 1 (fam). Journal of Social Welfare and Family Law Vol. 27, No. 2, June 2005, pp. 173–184


In comparison with needlework, knitting has always been regarded as a rather humble domestic art, and consequently less critical attention has been paid to its representation in fictional literature. In this article, Mrs Brown, the knitting protagonist of A. S. Byatt's short story, "Art Work" (1994), provides a lens through which themes of inequality and injustice in social, political, racial, and sexual contexts are explored in relation to the "knitting-woman" as she appears in novels written between 1840 and 1940. The act of knitting is based on the repetition of two stitches, plain and purl, creating a fabric by moving forwards and backwards, and on the shaping of a garment by increasing or decreasing stitches. This article replicates those two movements, shifting between the present and the past, and tracing the periodical fluctuations in female fortunes as they advanced and regressed. Many fictional knitting-women were culturally marginalised figures, whose struggles with different forms of oppression were articulated through knitting-related actions and language. Few of these women realised their aspirations, and it was not until the late twentieth century, when knitting became recognised as an art form rather than a simple utilitarian craft, that fictional characters like Mrs Brown could achieve status and independence.


Guangxi is one of main provintial regions of boundary trade with Vietnam. According to location, transportation and hinterland, an obvious hierarchy of spatial structure exisits in boundary trade port group. In order to improve the spatial structure, several suggestions and countermeasure are put forward in the paper.


of damage ranges from shakedown of loose material, localised support failure to complete failure of the installed support and collapse of an excavation. At all scales of rockburst damage there is a risk of serious injury and fatalities to mine personal. The costs associated with managing rockburst damage are often significant; with damage sites requiring rehabilitation, redesign, infrastructure repair and replacement. In some cases mines are required to make significant changes to the mining methods, often requiring disruption to operations and possible closure. In terms of rockburst research, little has been done to identify factors that control the stability of an excavation boundary submitted to seismic loads. This lack of research is evident in the absence of reliable design guidelines and methods to evaluate the performance of excavations in rockbursting ground. This paper outlines a methodology that identifies the factors that control the stability of underground excavations in rockbursting conditions. A modelling approach is developed which identifies significant parameters and develops criteria that can be used by mine personnel to evaluate the rockburst potential of the underground workings. The methodology also provides a useful template for the systematic and detailed reporting of rockburst damage sites. The work is based on data collected from rockburst damage sites at three Western Australian mines. Identifying the Factors that Control Rockburst Damage to Underground Excavations


Non-governmental organizations are claimed to have impacts on the sustainable development in rural areas of the developing countries and the Bangladesh Rural Advancement Committee (BRAC) is identified as an example. This study has considered BRAC as the case and has been aimed to critically outline the roles of this selected non- governmental organization (BRAC) in sustainable development process. Also, with this particular aim, this study has explored the trends of current poverty situations in Bangladesh. Also, the impacts those BRAC are having through their sustainable development initiatives. This study has selected two villages of the Chandpur district of Bangladesh, where BRAC has been operating intense programmes. This study has used both the qualitative and quantitative methods of research. Results suggest that programmes undertaken by NGOs are capable of having positive contributions in the sustainable development process to a certain level. The fact is that the programme implementation, where efficiency of the NGO employees is an indicator of success factor. The research is empirical and is expectedly fill the gap of literature.


Introduction - science, technology and economic development mental capital - transfers of knowledge in 18th-century Europe science and technology in the British industrial revolution the scientific enterprise - institutions and the diffusion of knowledge in the 19th century technology, economic backwardness and industrialization - general schema industrialization - winners and losers technology, economic backwardness and industrialization - the case of Japan science, technology and imperialism - India China and beyond centre and periphery - science and technology in America and Australia 20th-century aftermaths - science, technology and economic development.


In the present study, pathological changes due to experimental infection with four isolates of T. evansi were studied in rats to know the pathogenicity. Male Wistar albino rats (140) were divided in five groups of 28 rats each (4 isolate groups and 1 control group). Each rat was infected with 1×105 T. evansi from buffalo, dog, leopard and lion isolates and normal saline in control group by intraperitoneal route. Four rats were sacrificed on Day 1 (D1) to D7 post infection in each group and collected blood was for microscopic examination and tissues for pathology. Blood smear examination revealed presence of trypanosomes on D3, D4, D5 and D5 in buffalo, dog, leopard and lion isolates, respectively. All the T. evansi infected rats showed hypoglycaemia and increased blood urea nitrogen in serum. Rats showed clinical signs with dullness, lethargy and hunched back on D7. Liver showed vacuolar degeneration, congestion of blood vessels and infiltration of mononuclear cells on D7 in buffalo, dog, lion isolates, and no changes in leopard isolate infected rats. Kidney, spleen, lung and testis revealed pathological changes in buffalo and dog isolates. Trypanosomes were present in the endocardium of heart in buffalo isolate infected rats. Immunohistopathology revealed presence of trypanosome antigens in the blood vessels of liver, and spleen. Thus, based on trypanosome counts, serum glucose, blood urea nitrogen and pathological changes, there was variation between these isolates and revealed pathogenicity in ascending order as leopard, lion, dog and buffalo isolates in rats.


The re-creation of the tumor microenvironment including tumor–stromal interactions, cell–cell adhesion and cellular signaling is essential in cancer-related studies. Traditional two-dimensional (2D) cell culture and animal models have been proven to be valid in some areas of explaining cancerous cell behavior and interpreting hypotheses of possible mechanisms. However, a well-defined three-dimensional (3D) in vitro cancer model, which mimics tumor structures found in vivo and allows cell–cell and cell–matrix interactions, has gained strong interest for a wide variety of diagnostic and therapeutic applications. This communication attempts to provide a representative overview of applying 3D in vitro biological model systems for cancer related studies. The review compares and comments on the differences in using 2D models, animal models and 3D in vitro models for cancer research. Recent technologies to construct and develop 3D in vitro cancer models are summarized in aspects of modeling design, fabrication technique and potential application to biology, pathogenesis study and drug testing. With the help of advanced engineering techniques, the development of a novel complex 3D in vitro cancer model system will provide a better opportunity to understand crucial cancer mechanisms and to develop new clinical therapies.


Objectives: Preeclampsia is a major cause of maternal and perinatal
morbidity and mortality. Early diagnosis of preeclampsia is important to help
patients with preeclampsia. However, 24-hour urine collection is the gold
standard diagnostic method at present. Recently, the spot urinary protein-to-creatinine
ratio (P/C ratio) has been used to detect suspected preeclampsia, because it
can be used to estimate the amount of 24-hour urinary protein. The aim of this
study is to investigate whether an increase in P/C ratio precedes emergence of
hypertension among inpatients with preeclampsia. Method: The P/C ratio in
normotensive (systolic blood pressure 2 = 0.9913).
Twenty-one women were diagnosed with preeclampsia. In 14 patients with
preeclampsia, the timing of the increase in P/C ratio to higher than the
regression line preceded the emergence of hypertension. Six patients had no
data on P/C ratio, and 1 patient had hypertension before the increase in P/C
ratio. Conclusions: An increase in P/C ratio to higher than the 95th percentile
value can be a useful predictor of preeclampsia.


In the last years, partial reconfigurable systems (PRSs) have included Networks-on-Chip (NoCs) as their communication structure. The problem of mapping and positioning in NoCs have been extended to PSRs. Mapping of cores in NoCs aims to find the best topological location onto the NoC, such that the metrics of interest can be greatly optimized. The placement problem deals with the allocation of those cores inside the reconfigurable device. Recently, several works have proposed specific and robust NoC architectures for PRSs in which the mapping problem cannot be dissociated from the placement one, but, this problem has not been addressed properly yet. In this paper, the design-time placement and mapping problem for NoCs in reconfigurable architectures is explored and the sensibility of design parameters in respect to the cost function is evaluated.


Urban-rural integration and space planning is an important method to shorten the gap between urban and rural places and shape urban-rural sustainable development structure. Firstly, this paper expounds the current situation and the space development features of Yulin central city regional urbanrural integration, conducts quantitative analysis on integration level through establishing AHP assessment indicator system, and analyzes the existing problems and causes. Furthermore, this paper takes example by related theories and modes home and abroad to propose suitable space planning strategies of Yulin central city regional urban-rural integration at new current strives, to implement the strategy of Yulin urban-rural integration, and finally to erase the phenomenon of urban-rural dual structure, and resolve the problem of urban-rural regional economy, ecology and social integration.


This paper intends to describe the relationship between traffic parameters by using cusp catastrophe theory and to deduce highway capacity and corresponding speed forecasting value through suitable transformation of catastrophe model. The five properties of a catastrophe system are outlined briefly, and then the data collected on freeways of Zhujiang River Delta, Guangdong province, China are examined to ascertain whether they exhibit qualitative properties and attributes of the catastrophe model. The forecasting value of speed and capacity for freeway segments are given based on the catastrophe model. Furthermore, speed-flow curve on freeway is drawn by plotting out congested and uncongested traffic flow and the capacity value for the same freeway segment is also obtained from speed-flow curve to test the feasibility of the application of cusp catastrophe theory in traffic flow analysis. The calculating results of catastrophe model coincide with those of traditional traffic flow models regressed from field observed data, which indicates that the deficiency of traditional analysis of relationship between speed, flow and occupancy in two-dimension can be compensated by analysis of the relationship among speed, flow and occupancy based on catastrophe model in three-dimension. Finally, the prospects and problems of its application in traffic flow research in China are discussed.


Orthogonal test of 4 factors and 4 levels was included in this experiment,they were wilting time(water content was 80.3%,71.2%,62.5%and 40.3%respectively),adding dose of lactic acid bacteria(0 cfu/g,10~(6) cfu/g,10~(7)cfu/g,10~(8) cfu/g),cellulose(0 g/kg,0.025 g/kg,0.05 g/kg,0.1 g/kg)and glucose(0 g/kg,10(g/kg),5 g/kg,20 g/kg)respectively.The results demonstrated that among four water combinations,ensiling quality of wilted Medicago sativa(water content was 71.2%) was the best,because it reduced the content of NH_(3)-N in silage and produced much lactic acid bacteria.The effect degree of 4 factors on Medicago sativasilage from big to small was glucose,water content,cellulose and lactic acid bacteria respectively.In orthogonal test,the best combination was gained when water content of Medicago sativa,adding dose of lactic acid bacteria,cellulose and glucose was 71.2%,10~(6) cfu/g,0.1 g/kg and 20 g/kg respectively.


Defective, or " bug-riddled, " software is a serious problem in the software industry, costing U.S. companies as much as $100 billion last year. Software testing is a critical tool for addressing this issue, but unfortunately, it is viewed as boring and uncreative by practitioners and receives little formal treatment in undergraduate programs. The objective of this project is to develop a prototype web-based " automated software testing center " where students can submit their own code for testing services and feedback. This center will answer a wide spectrum of student testing needs by providing a " sliding scale " interface, presenting an appropriate set of services based on a given stu-dent's situation, their current assignment, and the instructor's goals. The result will be an array of services with an easy-to-use web interface, allowing students to use the tool in many different classes, allowing instructors to incorporate tool-based testing in their own assignments, and supporting use by students and educators at multiple institutions. Such a tool will serve as an interactive learning environment where students can explore and learn about testing techniques while working on assignments for computer science classes. This environment will have a significant impact on future endeavors to integrate software testing education across the computer science curriculum. It will also provide a direct vehicle for incorporating current research on automated testing as well as practical testing techniques into classroom use. The prototype web-based testing center will provide four principal services: test driver generation, test data generation, " built-in test " component wrapper generation, and test execution. In addition, the prototype will provide a natural platform for other automated testing services resulting from the principal investigator's research activities. The prototype will focus on testing C++ and Java classes, and will demonstrate the feasibility of providing similar services for other programming languages. To the extent possible, behavioral specifications written in the Java Modeling Language (JML) or in the Abstract State Machine Language (AsmL) will also be supported. This work will build on the success of past work with the Curator, the web-based automated program grading service previously developed with support from Microsoft Research.


collectively proposed and implemented safety measures. Their awareness on workplace health promotion increase and they were able to identify measures to prevent ill health either at work or at home. Discussion Our findings suggest that positive attitudes toward promoting safe working conditions and practices can be fostered among the informal-sector workers by raising their knowledge and skills regarding issues related to OSH through a capacity building process.


Gatekeepers are middlemen that manage access to communities or groups that academics are interested in investigating. They can be found in a range of places, including hospitals, schools, community organizations, and places of worship. Researchers must be aware of the potential difficulties associated with using gatekeepers and take precautions to ensure the authenticity and reliability of the data collected, even though gatekeepers can be useful in facilitating access to populations that may be difficult to reach, such as marginalized or vulnerable groups. This paper tends to assess the extent to which gatekeepers influence the authenticity of data collected in research studies. The main objectives are: i.to examine literature review on the role of gatekeepers in research and their impact on data collection. ii. To identity and analyze different types of biases and limitations that may arise when gatekeepers serve as data collectors. The report examines the experiences of researchers who have utilized gatekeepers and identifies recommended practices for guaranteeing the validity and reliability of data obtained through gatekeepers using secondary sources of data collection from current literature reviews. However, in order to ensure that the data gathered is accurate, dependable, and representative of the population being studied, researchers must also be aware of the potential drawbacks of using gatekeepers. The recommendations made in this paper's conclusion are intended to guide future study on the use of gatekeepers in data collecting. These recommendations include the need for further studies that focus on the experiences of gatekeepers themselves and the likelihood that they would have biases or conflicts of interest.


Noise is an ingrained phenomenon in the medical images which may increase the root mean square error and reduce the peak signal to noise ratio. Regardless of the actuality that the noise itself carries some information about the illuminated area, the appearance of image gets deteriorated. Hence there is a need for reducing the noise and this paper explains about the denoising method using non local means filter and shrinkage rule. NLM filter is used for the removal of speckle noise and shrinkage rule is used to shrink the content of noise present in the brain images by means of the thresholding technique. In the thresholding method, the shrinkage coefficient is compared with the threshold value and if it is smaller, it gets eliminated to reduce the noise while preserving the edges. The proposed filtering technique is used along with the Curvelet transform and Wavelet transform and it is observed that the Curvelet transform produces better result when compared with the Wavelet transform. The simulation results have proved that this method actively removes the noise and reduces the root mean square error while increasing the image enhancement factor and peak signal to noise ratio.


fertility. Since Japanese women appear to be successful contraceptors, and since contraception has been primarily practiced when desired family size has been reached, whether a woman begins her family at 25 or at 21 would seem to have little effect on her total fertility as long as desired family size remains the same. In general, this book contributes to the comparative study of demography in terms of method and conclusions about the Japanese demographic transition. I would recommend it for advanced graduate students and specialists in demography, sociology, economics, and political science.


During the 1970s the Franco regime had to face the extension of thriving social and political unrest that, although it did not overthrow it, eroded its dictatorial structures and set the political scenario in which the Spanish transition to democracy took place. This growing cycle of protests was fostered by the rapid economic development, the social changes and the political reforms that increased the chances and prospects for mobilization. But the mounting social conflict on this period, when agitation also spread to traditionally passive provinces like Albacete, was not only the automatic result of the new opportunities opened by the social, economic and political changes alone. Our contention is that, focusing in the case of Albacete, the structural and organisational conditions that fuelled the blooming protest interacted with the collective definitions and interpretations of the social reality collectively constructed in the everyday life of the civil society, and that justified the action against the authoritarian rule. From this point of view, although the students of the late Franco regime have especially concentrated on the workers communities of the main industrial areas and in their repertoires of action, the case study of Albacete proves important in order to understand the latent processes of microbilization through which the contentious action undertaken by other social agents acquired new meanings and legitimacy.


Pavlovian fear conditioning is a useful behavioral paradigm for exploring the molecular mechanisms of learning and memory because a well-defined response to a specific environmental stimulus is produced through associative learning processes. Synaptic plasticity in the lateral nucleus of the amygdala (LA) underlies this form of associative learning. Here we summarize the molecular mechanisms that contribute to this synaptic plasticity in the context of auditory fear conditioning, the form of fear conditioning best understood at the molecular level. We discuss the neurotransmitter systems and signaling cascades that contribute to three phases of auditory fear conditioning: acquisition, consolidation, and reconsolidation. These studies suggest that multiple intracellular signaling pathways, including those triggered by activation of Hebbian processes and neuromodulatory receptors, interact to produce neural plasticity in the LA and behavioral fear conditioning. Together, this research illustrates the power of fear conditioning as a model system for characterizing the mechanisms of learning and memory in mammals, and potentially for understanding fear related disorders, such as PTSD and phobias. Fear is the emotion that is best understood in terms of brain mechanisms. Because fear plays a prominent role, either directly or indirectly, in a variety of psychiatric conditions, understanding its neural basis is of great importance. The term fear refers to a subjective feeling state and to the behavioral and physiological responses that occur in response to threatening environmental situations. These measurable responses are the subject of scientific investigations of fear in laboratory animals. Research on fear has been successful in large part because of a behavioral paradigm, which is well-suited for neurobiological analysis: Pavlovian fear conditioning. Fear conditioning is valuable as a neurobiological tool because it involves a specific stimulus, under the control of the experimenter, which reliably elicits a measurable set of behavioral and physiological responses once learning has occurred. In fear conditioning, an emotionally neutral conditioned stimulus, such as a tone, is paired with an emotionally potent, innately aversive unconditioned stimulus, (e.g., an electric © 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Publisher's Disclaimer: This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a service to our customers we are providing this early version of the manuscript. The manuscript will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting proof before it is published in its final citable form. Please note that during the production process errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain. NIH Public Access


ABSTRACT The thermal performance (TP) of concrete structures is vital to the evaluation of the fire response. Thus, this study examined the thermal properties slag-based geopolymer concrete (GPC) incorporating corncob ash (CCA). Corncob was valorised and partially used as a substitution for slag under the ambient curing conditions. Sodium hydroxide (SH) solution and sodium silicate (SS) gel were used as alkaline activators at 12, 14, and 16 M concentrations. The TP of GPC was compared with that of Portland cement concrete (PCC). Thermal predictions were developed based on the thermal properties. Based on the findings, GPC exhibited lower thermal conductivity (TC) and thermal diffusivity (TD) with increasing specific heat capacity (SHC), indicating good thermal insulation properties (TIP) compared with PCC. The TIP increased with increasing CCA content in the mixture at all levels of alkaline activators. Thus, CCA improves the insulating capacity of the GPC. In addition, a good correlation exists between the GPC produced and thermal properties. These findings can be beneficial in the hot climate regions and utilised for structural insulating construction concrete. Finally, the proposed models can be used in the assessment of GPC structures incorporating supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs) to enhance the TIP of construction materials.


This paper examines some of the criteria for a certificate architecture that supports trusted collaboration. Key to this support are: (1) the separation of statements from the actions they engender and (2) the ability to make arbitrary statements. The separation of statement from action enables organizations to set their own policies and therefore control what is authorized in response to a statement. The open ended nature to allow arbitrary statements to be created enables the signer to fully specify her intentions. It should be possible to make these statements arbitrarily precise, by tying the statements to their (semantic) contexts. Furthermore, we argue that it is important not only to support completely formalizable statements but also informal statements as well. We then describe an architecture we are building which meets the above criteria and give examples of its efficacy


With the unification of global economy, enterp ri ses are facing the increasingly changeable uncertainty of the market competition . Under the heated competition,enterprises seek for certain cooperation to make up their deficiencies, make improvement as a whole and thus realize the ultimat e goal. The paper has analyzed the key problems involved in the process of coope ration and illustrated the strategic measures in the cooperation of Chinese ente rprises.


GUNNISON SAGE-GROUSE WINTER AND SUMMER ECOLOGY IN SAN JUAN COUNTY, UTAH by Sharon Ward, Master of Science Utah State University, 2007 Major Professor: Dr. Terry A. Messmer Department: Wildland Resources An isolated, remnant population of Gunnison sage-grouse (Centrocercus minimus) exists in southeastern Utah. Interest in sage-grouse ecology has increased because of the observed population declines throughout the western United States. Because much more is known about greater sage-grouse (C. urophasianus) and their ecology, biologists have relied on information relating to their life history and habitat use patterns to make management inferences for the Gunnison sage-grouse. Little information is available on Gunnison sage-grouse winter and summer ecology in Utah for application in management. More information is needed regarding summer use of Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) lands and how arthropod abundance and diversity may influence habitat use. This research was conducted to fill these information gaps. I monitored movements and habitat use of 29 radio-collared birds during 2 winters in 2002-2003 and 2003-2004. During both winters, sage-grouse preferred to roost in black sagebrush even when snow depths were greater in 2003-2004 compared to 2002-2003.


s: Ignoring the effect of shippers' cognitive activity on their choice behavior in freight service will cause incorrect model specification and inconsistent estimates. To address the issue, this paper introduces the concept of latent variable to reflect the effect of shipper's cognitive activity on their choice behavior in freight service. Then, a behavioral model for shippers' freight service choice based on integrated choice and latent variable(ICLV)model is established, and the corresponding solution steps are also illustrated. Finally, an empirical analysis is carried out for exported container transport from Nanchang city. The results show that the latent variable has a remarkable effect on shippers' choice behavior in freight service, and the goodness-of-fit and explanatory ability of ICLV-based model are both better than the traditional Logit model. Therefore, the ICLVbased model can be used to analyze shippers' choice behavior in freight service accurately, and to provide theoretical support for transport service improvement and transport policy making.


In response to business needs, different types of company have followed different financial reporting rules. UK GAAP was replaced by IFRS for listed companies and by FRSSE for small companies. Recently, the IASB has issued IFRS for SMEs designed for companies that do not have public accountability, and this has prompted the UK to formally recognise its tripartite reporting system; from 2015, listed companies will follow IFRS, medium sized companies will follow IFRS for SMEs and small companies will follow the FRSSE. We investigate earnings quality across the three groups within the current regulations. We find that medium sized companies have the lowest earnings quality. The earnings quality of listed companies and small companies are similar. Even in a sub-sample of seemingly suspicious companies, where earnings quality is lower than in the full sample, medium sized companies still have the lowest quality. The evidence supports the less stringent reporting requirements for small companies. The lower quality of reporting observed in medium sized companies may be justifiable if the demand for their public information is sufficiently lower and the cost of supply less easily absorbed than in the case of listed companies.


The Interconnection technology for multichip assemblies (ITMA) project is addressing the application of a silicon-substrate-based multichip module (MCM) technology to the requirements of parallel computing applications in the UK. The program involves activities on MCM design methodology, silicon substrate process technology, device assembly, module packaging technology, the design of VLSI devices specifically for MCM applications, and the implementation of advanced MCM demonstrator modules in parallel computing systems. The objectives of the ITMA project are described, and the technologies employed within the project to realize high-performance MCMs and hybrid wafer scale integration (HWSI) modules are reviewed.<<ETX>>


Currently two major limitations to applying vision in real tasks are robustness in real-world, uncontrolled environments, and the computational resources required for real-time operation. In particular, many current robotic visual motion detection algorithms optical ow are not suited for practical applications such as segmentation and structure-from-motion because they either require highly specialized hardware or up to several minutes on a scientiic workstation. In addition, many such algorithms depend on the computation of rst and in some cases higher numerical derivatives, which are notoriously sensitive to noise. In fact the current trend in optical ow research is to stress accuracy under ideal conditions and not to consider computational resource requirements or resistance to noise, which are essential for real-time robotics. As a result robotic vision researchers are frustrated by an inability to obtain reliable optical ow estimates in real-world conditions, and practical applications for optical ow algorithms remain scarce. Algorithms based on the correlation of image patches have been shown to be robust in practice but are in general infeasible due to their computational complexity. This paper describes a space-time tradeoo to this algorithm which converts a quadratic-time algorithm into a linear-time one, as well as a method for dealing with the resulting problem of temporal aliasing, resulting in an algorithm that can run at over 6 frames per second on an 50 MHz Sun Sparcstation 20. Most of the work presented in this techreport was done during the graduate studies of Ted Camus at Brown University under the supervision of Heinrich B ulthoo and Tom Dean.


ABSTRACT The problems that occurred at SDN 18 Kampung Pansur were from 3 teachers who taught in grades 1,2 and 3, only about 35% were of good quality in applying thematic learning approaches, the rest were 65% who taught grades 1,2 and 3 including in qualifications the value is lacking in applying thematic learning approaches. For this reason, with school action research through academic supervision, there can be at least some solutions / efforts to improve the ability of teachers to implement thematic learning approaches at SDN 18 in Kampung Pansur. With research procedures (PTS), namely through planning, action, observation and reflection in cycle 1, there is a significant increase in the cycle 2 action. Based on the results of the implementation of the study shows that the implementation of the first cycle obtains a change in the increase in significant results in the second cycle. of the 3 teachers in grades 1,2, and 3 who previously qualified for less in applying the thematic learning approach, now 29% have qualified enough and 30% have good grades. This means that through this study there is an increase of around 30% overall .


We gratefully acknowledge financial support from the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft within GRK 1570, SFB 689, and the E. Noether program (Hu 1808-1), from Spanish MINECO through Grant No. FIS2011-26516, and from the EU FP7 Project SE2ND


This work presents new development and applications of ab-initio simulation tools for material science. Focus lies on materials with strong electronic correlation and strong spin-orbit coupling. Im ...


Ab initio and semiempirical quantum-chemical methods were used to calculate the barrier to proton transfer in H-bonded molecular complexes H 2 O...X-H + ...Y...H 2 O, where X and Y stand for NH 3 , H 2 O, and SH 2 . The barriers were calculated for various positions of the X and Y group protons that formed side H-bonds. The barrier to transfer was found to linearly depend on the Δμ parameter of the proton transfer reaction, that is, on the change in a value similar to the dipole moment of the system. This finding was explained by the contribution of electrostatic forces to the intermolecular interaction energy when proton shifted from a donor (D) to an acceptor (A). The concerted mechanism of protonic conductivity in a chain of H-bonds D...(H 2 O) n ...A was revealed. This mechanism was based on the electrostatic control of concerted proton exchange between water molecules. Its important feature was the independence of the reaction barrier from the proton that initiated the process. A key role in the process was played by the translational mobility of water molecules in the protonic channel. The nature of the catalytic effectiveness of biochemical systems in concerted proton transfer reactions that occur in enzyme active centers is discussed.


The design and placing of valves in piping systems for nuclear power plants have significantiy changed in recent years. Less valves are being used. and where at all possible, high-pressure stuffing boxes are being avoided. Certain complicated safety systems are being simplified or replaced by other equipment. In areas of limited access during operation and/or shutdown, valves without stuffing boxes are being used. The stems of these valves do not extend to the outside, or at least use bellows for assured leak tightness. The successful and trouble-free operation of reactor system valves can only be achieved by cooperation between operators, manufacturers, and designers. Repairs in a nuclear plant are more costly than in a conventional plant. Leakage rates that have a significant effect in a nuclear plant usually have no effect on the operation or safety of a fossilfueled power plant. (MCW)


The product quality with respect to radiometric accuracy of current and future space-borne synthetic aperture radar (SAR) systems depends on the grade of the utilized external calibration targets. This paper presents the first steps taken in designing and building a highly accurate active target (transponder), which exhibits high radar cross section stability (in the order of a tenth of a decibel) over its lifetime even for future multiple mode SAR systems. Furthermore, the transponder allows the recording of the azimuth pattern and fully sampled pulses.


This paper offers a methodological contribution to the empirical analysis of the relationship between banking and economic growth by suggesting a new indicator for the state of development of the banking system based on a measure of bank microeconomic efficiency. This choice helps to overcome the problem of causality and to capture the effects of banks' activity on growth. This new approach is then applied to analyse the relationship between the banking system and economic growth in the Italian regions, through a dynamic panel technique. The empirical results show the existence of an independent effect exerted by the efficiency of banks on regional growth. Copyright 2001 by Scottish Economic Society.


Pyrolyzed polyimide is explored in terms of MEMS material. This paper describes chemical, electrical, mechanical properties of pyrolyzed polyimide (PIX-1400) thin film as MEMS material. When polyimide thin film was pyrolyzed at 800 oC for 60 minutes in N2 ambient, the residual ratio of pyrolyzed film thickness measured with a surface profiler is about 49 %, and the resistivity is about 2.17×10-2 Ωcm. From the result of the load-deflection test, the estimated Young's modulus and initial average stress of pyrolyzed polyimide are 67 GPa and 30 MPa, respectively. As one demonstration of MEMS structures of pyrolyzed polyimide, the fabrication method of the microbridge structure is proposed for a micro heater and a resonator.


Technology mapping from logic netlists to programmable logic blocks (PLB) plays an important role in FPGA EDA flow, especially for architecture exploration of PLBs. However, technology mapping becomes time-consuming due to the booming scale and complexity of IC designs as well as the growing complexity of PLB architectures. To speed up this process, a parallelized technology mapping approach based on adaptive circuit partitioning is proposed in this paper to perform fast multi-thread technology mapping. First, We choose the best of the three candidate partitioning strategies for the given netlist by circuit analysis to partition the original netlist into several independent sub-netlists. Secondly, these sub-netlists are mapped to the given PLB architecture simultaneously in their corresponding mapping threads. Finally, the complete mapped netlist is generated by merging the mapped sub-netlists. The proposed approach is implemented in ABC, independent of the detailed mapping algorithm. 13 large circuits from the Titan23 benchmark set are used as benchmarks to evaluate the proposed approach. Experimental results show that the proposed approach leads to an average of 5.76 × speedup over the single-thread version (up to 8.21 × individually) with no delay loss and less than 0.57% average area penalty.


Calymperes pallidum and Schoenobryum concavifolium collected in southern Florida, and Isopterygium tenerifolium collected in Mississippi, are newly reported for the United States.


Peter Wildeblood is a homosexual. He may rest assured that few envy him that diagnosis. There are those?as this book well demonstrates?who have conceived a hatred against him and his kind nevertheless. Mr. Wildeblood takes Machiavelli's advice. He writes in this book as one of our politicians is said to speak "with a tongue of silver and a belly of fire." Twelve months is a long time to stoke a fire fed on injustice and inhumanity, whether they be real or imaginary.


In the process towards understanding plant root foraging behaviour, much focus has been on root proliferation responses to nutrient availability and on using animal foraging theories such as the marginal value theorem to understand plant root foraging behaviour. A common problem is the lack of generality of these theories and variation is often explained by life history.
The geometric framework was developed as a general animal foraging concept and has been tested on a variety of organisms such as locusts and slime mould. I adapted this framework by replacing the carbohydrate and protein axes with nitrogen and phosphorus. I used Poa annua as the model species for the first test on a plant, and I defined the intake target by applying nitrogen and phosphorus at 6 different concentrations and measuring nutrient intake levels. I hypothesised that the plants would defend an optimal intake target and I was able to define the intake target from the data. However, the results showed that there was a phosphorus limitation to reach this target and I found that the plants tend to defend an optimal intake ratio for suboptimal nutrient availability within the boundaries of regulative ability. This provided the optimal nutrient intake ratio which defines the optimal feeding rail. This rail separates the zones in the fitness landscape that determine which nutrient the plant should take up exclusively to reach the optimal feeding rail.
I tested the hypothesis of exclusive feeding and the plant's ability for nutrient self selection with two split root experiments, one to measure root biomass and another to measure carbon allocation using 11C. I found a stronger ability for the plant to regulate phosphorus intake than to regulate nitrogen intake and the labelled carbon experiment showed a direct foraging response of a nitrogen starved plant when provided with a high nitrogen patch. The geometric framework is an invaluable tool for plant research with respect to nutrient cycling and behaviour, and nutrient uptake and regulation mechanisms need to be considered for developing a general plant foraging concept.


28 Importance: Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) and family-based studies have revealed partly 29 overlapping genetic architectures between various psychiatric disorders. Given clinical overlap between 30 disorders our knowledge of the genetic architectures underlying specific symptom profiles is limited, and 31 the predominant use of classical case-control designs have not allowed the study of variations in mental 32 health independent of diagnosis. 33 Objective: To derive distinct profiles of mental symptoms in healthy individuals and to study how these 34 genetically relate to each other and to common psychiatric disorders. 35 Design: This is a cross-sectional study using self-report mental health questionnaires and molecular genetic 36 data. 37 Setting: We used population-based data from the UK Biobank. 38 Participants: Data from individuals with a diagnosed neurological or psychiatric disorder were excluded, 39 allowing us to study variations in mental health in 139,006 healthy individuals, and genotypes in 117,088 40 healthy individuals with Caucasian ancestry. 41 Main Outcomes and Measures: We decomposed self-report mental health questionnaires into twelve 42 distinct symptom profiles using independent component analysis, and performed a GWAS for each of them. Using GWAS summary we assessed genetic correlations between the symptom profiles, and 44 between symptom profiles and common psychiatric disorders and cognitive traits. Results: We found that symptom profiles were genetically correlated with a wide range of psychiatric disorders and cognitive traits (67 out of 108 correlations significant at p < FDR), with strongest effects typically observed between a given symptom profile and a disorder for which the symptom is common (e.g. 48 depression symptoms and major depressive disorder, trauma experience and post-traumatic stress disorder).


Current developments in power control research in cellular mobile systems are described. Typical algorithms including centralized PCA and distributed PCA are illustrated and analyzed. At the same time, the algorithms for multi-rate or multimedia wireless systems are discussed. The impact on the system performance of power control is then analyzed. Further work on power control algorithms for third generation cellular mobile system are presented.


A range of scholars and policy advocates have proposed formulaic (or 'top-down') approaches for calculating countries' fair shares of the global effort to mitigate climate change. The practical relevance of top-down proposals has become increasingly uncertain as climate change negotiations since the 2009 Copenhagen Accord have adopted a 'bottom-up' or 'pledge-andreview' approach that allows states considerable latitude in how they frame their pledges. With many commentators expecting that the post-2020 climate change agreement currently under negotiation will adopt a largely bottom-up approach, a major concern is whether and how an approach of this kind is compatible with securing equity and integrity in the climate regime.


A different mix of comparators would have produced different results, but by locating their case studies in the wider historical and societal context, the editors draw out more general findings about the impact of global change: working practices that are incompatible with family life are not socially sustainable, nor do they ensure economic sustainability. They argue that global recession has intensified the process of change they observed in their fieldwork. Whether or not readers share the optimistic conclusion that the current situation provides an opportunity for rethinking the value attributed to family life and employment, they will find in the book a noteworthy example of best practice in project design and execution, and also in post-project exploitation of data, continuity of teamwork and effective dissemination strategies.


The study aimed to identify the relationship between the manifestations of attention and the accuracy of the skill of handling and shooting basketball for female students. As for the research sample, the research community was identified as students of the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences - University of Al-Qadisiyah for the academic year 2021-2022. Their number is (39) students, where the proportion of the sample from the community reached 100%. In light of the preceding, the results were a positive relationship between the concentration of attention and the skills of free and peaceful scoring among students of physical education and sports sciences, as well as a positive relationship between the intensity of attention and the skills of free and peaceful scoring among students of physical education and sports sciences.


Heart rate variability (HRV) is concerned with the analysis of the intervals between heartbeats. ECG R-R interval variability is the commonly used measure of HRV. In this study, the peak interval variability and successive interval difference variability of photoplethysmographic signals were analyzed for HRV estimation instead of using the ECG R-R interval. The experiments were conducted under three different physiological conditions: rest, immediate post-exercise, and recovery from exercise on 16 subjects. Comparison with HRV estimated by R-R intervals indicated that a reasonably accurate HRV estimation could be achieved from photoplethysmographic signals at rest. With the error of 2.6% for overall HRV and 2.1% for short term HRV, the preliminary results showed that it is possible to analyze the HRV using photoplethysmographic signal when subjects are in stationary cardiovascular condition.


The enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect is a unique phenomenon of solid tumors related to their anatomical and pathophysiological differences from normal tissues. In solid tumors, angiogenesis leads to high vascular density. Large gaps exist between endothelial cells in tumor blood vessels, which lead to selective extravasations and retention of macromolecular drugs. This EPR effect served as a basis for development of macromolecular anticancer therapy. There are various factors, which lead to a significantly increased EPR effect and enhanced antitumor drug effects as well. This review discusses the unique anatomy of tumor vessels, molecular mechanisms of factors related to the EPR effect and the role of the EPR effect in the intratumoral delivery of protein and peptide drugs, macromolecular drugs and drug-loaded long-circulating nanocarriers.


To explore the availability of the recombinant Bb(pGEX-Sj14-3-3) vaccine,we investigated the dynamic changes of cytokines in splenocyte supernatants from Balb/c mice immunized with the vaccine.Mice were immunized with the recombinant vaccine orally and intranasally respectively,and then sacrificed at different time points of week 0,2,4,6,8,10,12,14,16,18,20 and 22 after immunization.Spleens were separated,and splenocytes were cultured with or without SjAWA or ConA stimulation respectively.The splenocyte supernatants were collected to determine the levels of IFN-γ,IL-12,TNF-α and IL-10 by sandwich ABC-ELISA.We found that the levels of IFN-γ,IL-12,TNF-α and IL-10 in the oral group significantly was increased on 2-12th,6-8th,2-12th and 2-8th weeks respectively,reached to peaks on week 8,8,6 and 4 respectively.The levels of IFN-γ,IL-12,TNF-α and IL-10 in the intranasal group predominantly increased on 2-20 th,2-10 th,2-16th and 2-16th weeks respectively,reached to the highest levels on week 2,2,4 and 4 respectively.In conclusion,the rBb(pGEX-Sj14-3-3) vaccine could induce effective immune response in inoculated mice,which provide valuable information on the exploitation and utilization of this recombinant vaccine.


Mies van der Rohe's renowned Tugendhat House was designed and built in Brno, Czech Republic in 1928-30 at precisely the same time as van der Rohe's visionary (but sadly temporary) Barcelona Pavilion. Here, this masterpiece of domestic Modernism is brought to life in three exquisite photo essays.


Epoxy resin is a commonly used material in the manufacture of tissue-equivalent phantoms. The complex refractive index (RI) of a series of epoxy resin phantoms with different scattering ability was measured using a recently developed extended derivative total reflection method (EDTRM). Al2O3 particles were added into the epoxy resin substrate as the scattering constituent. An increase of the real and imaginary part of the RI with the amount of Al2O3 particles was observed. The real part of the RI values reached an impressive precision of 0.002 using EDTRM, which provides a means for the improvement in accuracy for analysis related to RI values in phantom studies.