© Biotarget. All rights reserved. Biotarget 2020 | http://dx.doi.org/10.21037/biotarget.2020.01.02 Ulcerative colitis (UC) constitutes a chronic relapsing inflammatory disease of the colonic mucosa with increasing incidence in all ages that imparts significant morbidity; As therapeutic options remain limited, UC urges as an important health concern worldwide (1,2). Along with Crohn's disease (CD) represent the two main types of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Besides their phenotypic similarities there are substantial differences between UC and CD. Inflammation pattern in UC is uninterrupted and is restricted to colonic mucosa, while in CD is patchy and may affect any part of the gastrointestinal tract in a transmural fashion often leading to fibrotic complications. These differences probably reflect the distinctive cellular mechanisms and pathways underlining their respective pathogenesis (3,4). Despite extensive investigations over the last years the pathogenesis of UC remains incompletely understood. It is suggested that complex interactions among genetic, immune, microbial and environmental factors disrupt the homeostatic mechanisms in colonic mucosa leading to disease development. Today, there is a pressing need for a better understanding of UC pathogenesis that will provide novel molecular mechanisms and targets permitting tailored therapeutic approaches to individual patients with UC (1,3,4). To this end, several different approaches have been used in order to nominate candidate molecular pathways in the pathogenesis of inflammation in UC and reveal biomarkers that can predict disease relapse or response to treatment. In hypothesis-driven studies, several candidate genes, proteins, and/or cell populations have been analyzed at intestinal tissue level or in peripheral blood in an attempt to correlate UC clinical traits with certain molecular characteristics. Over the last years, these approaches have proposed a variety of molecular mechanisms offering potential models responsible for gut inflammation in UC (3,4); however they did not fully elucidate the pathophysiology of this complex disease. It seems puzzling over how to assess different cell populations and molecules that dynamically interplay in the continuously altered microenvironment of inflamed intestinal mucosa of UC. On the other hand, in the new "omics era", highthroughput, discovery-driven approaches such as genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics and metabolomics have emerged providing a deeper and more comprehensive analysis of molecular biology of UC (5-8). Numerous bioinformatics-based tools have been developed to explore and integrate the huge amount of data generated by multi"omics" profiling, aiming at characterizing the molecular "UC interactome" (Figure 1). Recently, Smillie et al. (9), used a novel approach by applying single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) analysis Editorial Commentary


Abstract The article considers the long-term (100 years) dynamics of the forest cover of the southernmost unit of Siberian pine forests on the West Siberian plain. A key feature of forest management is that Siberian pine seeds are a valuable food product and, when cutting forests, this tree species, as a rule, is preserved. The basis of the experimental data was the material of the national forest inventories of 1915, 1974 and 2015 for a total area of 1,420.41 ha. During the period from 1915 to 2015, the forested area changed slightly (96.2 and 94.0%), while the share of Siberian pine stands increased significantly from 48.4 to 58.7%. Grassy Siberian pine forests (32.1%) of optimal age (120–140 years), which are characterised by the best seed productivity and the largest share of Siberian pine in the community (77%), predominate. Basically, human economic activity results in an increase in the area of Siberian pine stands, when deciduous stands with Siberian pine undergrowth are used for fuel and as building material. A decrease in the area of Siberian pine forests occurs mainly under the impact of fires. In the conflagrations of 1915–1920, 7 to 38% of silver birch forests have no Siberian pine undergrowth and are considered long-term secondary communities. In the remaining area, the proportion of Siberian pine undergrowth is 20–30% with a density of 800–1200 seedlings ha−1, which is sufficient for the natural formation of Siberian pine forests.


Expressway transportation is an essential part of regional development. An efficient expressway system can enhance cities' connectivity and coordinate long-distance trips between urban areas. Understanding how travel demand affects the flow of expressways is crucial to designing an efficient expressway management system. However, congested expressways are substantial obstacles to unimpeded expressway travel. Here, we explore the relationship between demand origin locations and congested expressways. We extract the time-varying OD demand matrix from empirical tollgate data collected in Shandong province, China. The incremental traffic assignment method is introduced to obtain the traffic flow of expressway road segments. It was found that congested expressways were generated due to only a few origin locations. In addition, expressway congestion during peak hours could be effectively alleviated by controlling the travel demand of these origin locations. Therefore, the proposed method can provide a novel perspective for expressway management.


A study of the thermal diffusivity of polymer melts as a function of temperature over the range 25–325°C. is described. Measurements were carried out with an apparatus especially designed and constructed for this purpose; this apparatus and the theoretical treatment of data obtained with it are treated in detail. The polymers examined include polystyrene, poly(methyl methacrylate), some of their copolymers, poly(vinyl chloride), linear polyethylene, polyacetal, polycarbonate, cellulose–acetate–butyrate, some "highimpact" polymer blends and terpolymers, and some higher methacrylates. The thermal diffusivities of the melts vary from about 11 × 10−4 cm.2/sec. (for linear polyethylene) to about 5 × 10−4 cm.2/sec. (for poly(sec-butyl methacrylate)). In general the thermal conductivity of an amorphous polymer decreases as it passes from the glassy state to a melt, but remains quite constant over a wide temperature range in the melt state. On the basis of a limited amount of data one might tentatively conclude that the thermal diffusivities of the melts of vinyl polymers become lower as larger as longer groups are added to the carbon-carbon backbone. As regards molecular weights equal to those common for molding powders, molecular weight seems to have no effect on the thermal diffusivity.


The crystal s t ructure of samsonite has been refined by three-dimensional counter data . Two chemical units of MnAgiSl^Se axe in the uni t cell of the symmetry 0 |Λ—P2i/n. The lattice constants are a = 10.362 ± 0.004 Ä, b = 8.101 ± 0.003 A, c = 6.647 ± 0.003 Α, β = 92° 38' ± 4'. The refinement of the structure was performed by least-squares method. With anisotropic temperature factors and anomalous dispersion the R factor has been reduced to 7 .3%. The Mn atoms are surrounded by six S atoms as a slightly-deformed octahedron. The Sb atoms have a trigonal pyramidal coordination by the S atoms. The SbS3 pyramids are isolated. Samsonite contains two varieties of Ag atoms. A first type is deformed tetrahedrally coordinated by four S atoms. A second type is triangularly coordinated by three S atoms a t 2.394 A, 2.481 A and 2.862 A.


To secure the anticorrosive performance of structures in the oceanic environment it is necessary to select appropriate finishing materials and thickness of cover. However, airborne chloride deposition varies depending on the collector used, and it is difficult to select appropriate finishing materials. For this reason, an eight-directional collector is proposed in this study through reviewing the differences between existing airborne chloride collectors and the new one. To analyze airborne chloride deposition according to the direction from which it flows and verify the performance of the collector proposed in this study, airborne chlorides were deposited on the collector for one year at five different locations in an oceanic environment. From the experiment, it was verified that in terms of direction, there were differences in airborne chloride deposition of up to more than 1.5 times. Based on these research findings, the anti-corrosive method applied can be different for each side of a building's structure, and this is believed to serve as an effective and systemic chloride resistance design.


In this article we draw from desistance research and a strength-based rehabilitation theory, the Good Lives Model (GLM), to present a richer way of intervening with sex offenders. First, we define the concept of desistance and outline some of the major research findings concerning the factors that help offenders to cease offending. Second we briefly describe current best practice sex offender treatment and discuss its efficacy. Third, we explore the relationship between desistance research and the GLM, arguing that the GLM provides a useful conduit for desistance ideas into sex offender treatment programs. Fourth, we briefly consider the treatment implications of an integrated desistance-GLM approach.


We prove convergence of discrete duality finite volume (DDFV) schemes on distorted meshes for a class of simplified macroscopic bidomain models of the electrical activity in the heart. Both time-implicit and linearised time-implicit schemes are treated. A short description is given of the 3D DDFV meshes and of some of the associated discrete calculus tools. Several numerical tests are presented.


A high-technology approach to the manufacture of microdevices and Ni–Fe films formed by electroforming processes was investigated. The properties of Ni–Fe films were evaluated by stress measurement, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning probe microscopy (SPM) and nanoindentation analysis. Square-wave cathodic current modulation was employed to electrodeposit ultrafine-grained Ni–Fe films from an additive-free Watts bath. The effects of pulse parameters, namely, pulse on-time, pulse off-time and peak-current density on grain size, surface morphology and crystal orientation were determined. Current density significantly influences the microstructure of what. Increasing current density substantially refined the deposited crystals. The crystal size of Ni–Fe films decreased as current density increased. Microstructural modification was accompanied by the corresponding variations in microhardness, current efficiency and hydrogen content. These results are explained by the strong tendency of Ni–Fe to be passivated though the adsorption of foreign species (hydrogen and hydroxide) present during crystallization. However, increasing current density did not affect crystal orientation, indicating that a high pulse-reverse current density inhibits the adsorption of hydrogen species onto Ni–Fe films. Therefore, Ni–Fe films have a low internal stress and a low surface roughness. Current density considerably influences the microstructure of what, revealing that a high pulse-reversed current density inhibits the adsorption of hydrogen species onto Ni–Fe deposits, so that an as-deposited pulse-reversed Ni–Fe alloy has a lower internal stress and a lower surface roughness than a Ni–Fe alloy deposited by direct current density.


Introduction: High and intermediate types of anorectal malformations (ARMs) may be managed by either open posterior sagittal anorectoplasty (PSARP) or by laparoscopic-assisted anorectoplasty (LAARP). Most of the literature favours one approach over the other based on retrospective analysis. We performed this study with the aim to compare the short-term outcomes of both procedures. Materials and Methods: All paediatric patients with high and intermediate ARM were enrolled and randomised into two groups: open PSARP group and LAARP group. Outcome parameters such as faecal continence using Kelly's scoring system, anal manometric parameters and post-operative complications were compared between the groups. Results: A total of 16 patients were included with equal distribution in the open PSARP and LAARP group. Patient's variables were comparable in both the groups. Five patients developed immediate post-operative complications, three in the LAARP and two in the open group. The mean Kelly's score was 3.63 ± 1.6 versus 2.57 ± 1.9 (P = 0.132) for LAARP and PSARP group, respectively. The mean resting pressure was 34.71 ± 6.26 cm of H2O and 35 ± 6.16 cm of H2O (P = 0.384) in LAARP and open group, respectively. Rectoanal inhibitory reflex was demonstrated in 6/7 patients in LAARP group and 5/7 patients in open group. Conclusion: Faecal continence in patients undergoing either of the procedure is comparable. However, wound-related complications are lesser in LAARP procedure.


Introduction: The risk factors that contribute to future disability after heart failure (HF) are poorly understood. The aim of this study was to determine the risk factors of future disability subs...


The increased rice production can be realized through the role of farmer groups as a forum for farmers to plan and carry out rice farming every planting season. This study aims to identify the factors that influence the role of farmer groups in increasing rice production, and analyze how much influence these factors have on the role of farmer groups. This research uses a quantitative descriptive method. The sampling technique was carried out purposively using the Random Sampling technique, namely by taking 25% of the total population of 280 farmer group members so that the sample results were 70 people. The data of this research are primary and secondary data. Primary data were obtained through interviews using questionnaires with members of farmer groups, while secondary data were sourced from the relevant agencies. The data obtained were then analyzed using multiple linear regression analysis consisting of the F test and t test. The results showed that the factors of motivation, independence, and characteristics of the members of the farmer groups influenced the role of farmer groups in increasing rice production with a coefficient of determination (R2) of 60.1%. Meaning that the influence of other factors outside this study was only 39.9%.

Keywords:  Characteristics, farmers, motivation, production, rice, role, self-reliance


Data from 5270 lactation records of 1380 cows sired by 132 bulls and recorded from 1962 to 1977 were analysed. Statistical analyses, using least squares and maximum likelihood methods, showed significant effects for genetic group, age of cow, month and year of calving, and lactation length. Overall mean milk yield was 2780 kg (CV = 0·31) with mean lactation length of 281 days. Maximum production occurred in the fifth lactation (104 or 105 months of age at calving) with a yield of 1·3 times that of the first lactation. Repeatability estimated by intraclass correlation was 0·40 (s.e. 0·03). Heritability estimated from paternal half-sib correlation was 0·16 (s.e. 0·06). Overall results were very similar to those obtained from research with European breeds in temperate areas.


In this article,the functions and characteristics of BU-61580 is described,which is a complete integrated interface chip for MIL-STD-1553 B. Then taking 16-BIT-BUFFERED mode as an example,the method of hardware design are presented for the MIL-STD-1553 B based on the DSP,using the BU-61580 interface chip. Finally,a case is given to show the initialization process and workflow of the software in the BC、RT work mode.


Three different P300 paradigms, the classic matrix-based speller, one employing faces as stimuli, and one with serial stimulus presentation, were used to assess the effects of cognition and visual function on brain–computer interface (BCI) use in 22 patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and 13 control participants. The patients in the study, on average, demonstrated lower accuracy than the matched control participants. Patients had a slightly greater incidence of oculomotor limitations, but this did not translate to a measurable difference in task-specific gaze control or performance on any of the tasks. Lower cognitive screen scores were the only clinical characteristic to consistently reduce evoked responses and P300 accuracies across individuals. The late portion of the evoked potential, 500–800 ms after the stimulus, was most strongly associated with cognitive score. The early evoked potential around 170 ms, generated by the face speller, was not as strongly associated with cogniti...


In the title compound, C15H10ClFO2S, the dihedral angle between the plane of the benzofuran ring system [r.m.s. deviation = 0.013 (1) Å] and that of the 3-fluorophenyl ring [r.m.s. deviation = 0.005 (1) Å] is 31.36 (5)°. In the crystal, molecules are linked by two different pairs of C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds, forming inversion dimers.


This paper describes a method of cancelling the periodic noise induced from the power-line during measurement, using the LMS algorithm and the adaptive periodic noise canceller synchronized to the power-line frequency. To simplify the analysis, a modelling is made whereby the signal is a random variable and the noise is periodic, containing fundamental and a large number of harmonic components with the power-line frequency as the fundamental component. A parameter for evaluating the noise cancelling performance of the adaptive periodic noise canceller is derived analytically. It is shown that the processing can be performed without multiplication, without degrading the performance. Then a fast algorithm is proposed for adaptive periodic noise cancellation, which can reduce drastically the computational complexity, thereby degrading the performance little. By applying the algorithm, the realtime processing by a microprocessor is realized with a sampling rate of several kilohertz. Finally, a discussion is made of the effect of digital implementation on the performance, and it is shown that the cancellation of the power-line interference by the fast algorithm is practically useful.


American English and Catholic: The Lords Baltimore in the Seventeenth Century. By John D. Krugler. [The Johns Hopkins University Studies in Historical and Political Science, 122nd Series (2004).] (Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press. 2004. Pp. xvi, 319. $46.00.) Over the past thirty years, John D. Krugler has emerged as the leading authority on the first and second Lords Baltimore, George Calvert and his son, Cecil, and their"pious enterprise"to establish a society founded on the principles of liberty of conscience and the separation of church and state. Until the publication of this book, those interested in learning more about this subject had to rely on a body of work that, for the most part, was focused only on particular aspects of the Calverts' legacy, largely as it related to the founding and early history of Maryland as a British colony. What was missing and has at last been provided through this work is a comprehensive study that attempts to answer many of the unresolved and much debated issues concerning the Calverts, including when and why George Calvert entered the Catholic Church and what his true motives were in establishing a society that promoted religious toleration. In English and Catholic: The Lords Baltimore in the Seventeenth Century, Krugler carefully reconstructs George Calvert's rise to wealth and prominence that culminated in his appointment as King James Fs secretary of state in 1619 and establishes that the relationships Calvert formed during this period were crucial to his later success when, after having resigned political office and publicly declared his profession of the Catholic faith, he pursued his plan to found a colony in the New World, the ill-fated Avalon in Newfoundland. His son, Cecil, would later rely on these same connections to secure a second charter in 1632 that led to the founding of Maryland. Krugler's detailing of these relationships helps to explain how, in the case of the Calverts, personal friendship and political loyalty at times resulted in those at the highest levels of government looking the other way when it came to religious beliefs. It is in Krugler's treatment of the charters written by George Calvert for Avalon and Maryland that he traces the evolution of what he terms the "Calvert vision" for church-state relations. Calvert, who was still in communion with the Anglican Church when he received the Avalon charter, had initially viewed the colonizing venture through the eyes of a capitalist who hoped to profit handsomely from his investment. …


In this contribution we report on peculiarities of formation, structural and vibrational properties of compositional (alloying) nickel silicides such as NiPdSi. MicroRaman analysis has shown that NiPdSi films are thermally stable up to 900 °C, which is by 100 °C higher than that for pure NiSi films. Using Miedema's model we have calculated the heat of formation for NiPdSi to be by 4 kJ mol−1 smaller than that for pure NiSi. This demonstrates an essential role of Pd in the enhancement of thermal stability of NiSi and in retardation of NiSi2 phase formation. Raman spectra registered for NiPdSi show the peaks at wavenumbers typical for NiSi, although red shifted, as well as new Raman peaks at 322 and 434 cm−1 reported recently in [Karabko et al. J. Appl. Phys. 105, 033518 (2009)]. We have assigned these two peaks to the compositional disorder, introduced by the presence of Pd alloy. By means of Auger electron spectroscopy (AES) we have determined the peculiarities of the element distribution and Pd diffusion in NiPdSi and NiSi films, which results in a slight lack of silicon in the stoichiometry of phases and exponential decay law of Pd distribution with temperature.


This paper examined the influence of interdisciplinary education on technology and society over engineering identities of male and female students. For this purpose, we analyzed survey and essays of UNIST students who took the course of  in 2013. Favorable feeling toward engineers, satisfaction with future career as engineers, positive regards of engineers' contribution to society increased to a statistically significant level within the group of female students who took the course. Interestingly, male students also formed more positive engineering identities after taking the course. Gender difference in engineering identities, which was statistically significant within the control group of non-takers, disappeared within students who took the course. Both male and female students learned to perceive engineering as a goal-oriented and contextualized exercises that can materialize new social values. In conclusion, interdisciplinary education on technology and society can make positive impacts on students' formation of engineering identities and sense of commitment.


The UK biological and engineering impacts of climate change on slopes (Bionics) project was funded to bring together key stakeholders and academics to research advanced procedures for maintaining serviceability and safety of strategic embankments and cuttings in addition to advancing the science base. This paper summarises some of the evidence that suggests climate change will have an effect on the behaviour of infrastructure slopes and their management, and provides an overview of future climate scenarios for the UK. It also shows how climate data have been used in numerical and physical models and full-scale tests within the Bionics project to begin to determine the magnitude and timing of the effects of climate change on infrastructure slopes.


A titanium-substituted hydroxyapatite has been prepared using titanium (IV) isopropoxide as a titanium source to obtain a biomaterial having an improved biocompatibility. From the XRD analysis, it was confirmed that the single-phase hydroxyapatite containing titanium has formed without revealing the presence of extra phases related to titanium dioxide or other calcium phosphate species. Titanium content was up to 0.73% by weight. EDS investigation confirmed the presence of titanium in the framework of hydroxyapatite structure.


Cultural studies is mongrel, and this issue of Continuum demonstrates this as well as anything. Of course, I mean this in the most loving way of the Australian vernacular: a mixed origin which captures both the absence of pretence and the levelling experience of a shared mixity, a willingness to go anywhere and rough it with whoever. This mongrel nature was captured for me most recently when, sitting in a strategic planning meeting of my research centre, trying to plan the future directions of our research growth, we found it impossible to contain the ever-widening spheres of what we thought we had studied, and what we thought we would like to study in the future. Our plans had no seeming boundaries. Now this is the university manager's nightmare, but the scholar's dream. In the following collection of papers, the authors similarly range over an enormously diverse array of topics and ideas, and yet manage to offer complementary insights into gender and sexuality, nation and race, celebrity and consumption, technology and space that demonstrate cultural studies' capacity to mix it up and find connections everywhere it sets its analytical eye. The opening paper – Aleardo Zanghellini's article on '"Boys' Love" in Anime and Manga' – is an important contribution to studies of fandom because there has been little English-language research on the fan communities around this particular form called yaoi. The paper also addresses this gap by exploring Western consumption of the genre and the complex questions of female fans' appropriations of gay male sexuality. Significantly, Zanghellini's analysis offers keen insights into the sensuous and aesthetic gratification of fan consumption. In a nice juxtaposition, Robert Payne's 'Dancing with the Ordinary' challenges some conventional understandings of representations of masculinity and gay sexuality. Payne is rightly suspicious of the uncritical celebration amongst some journalists and academics of the metrosexual and the 'feminizing spectacle' of the gay celebrity as a threat to the dominance of heteronormative masculinity; he argues that the metrosexual entails a degree of 'safety' which reinforces rather than challenges the stability of conventional norms of 'ordinary' masculinity. James Flanagan's deconstructive analysis of the 1950s hit US Andy Griffith Show also challenges easy interpretations of the fictional town of Mayberry as 'utopian' and racially exclusive. The absence of African Americans in the show is not some racist fantasy, he provocatively argues. Flanagan demonstrates how all characters of Mayberry are Othered in some way in the show: shifting the onus of Otherness upon all the characters, and then valorizing Otherness, is the beginning of Mayberry's utopian rescue. In contrast, the blazon Hollywood exploitation of the exotic in representations of Burma, Andrew Selth argues, draws together some formulaic elements that contribute to a romanticized portrayal of the country and its depiction as a remote and untamed wilderness. Such images reproduce Orientalist binaries which have ambiguous political effects, mobilizing support for the country's opposition movement but hindering a deeper understanding of Burma's complex problems. Relations between colour, colonialism and


Purpose – Budgetary and activity‐based data examination and analysis are core to planning for all organizations. This paper seeks to explore aspects of budgetary financial data and activity data focusing on how each is presented separately and in tandem for more productive decision making.Design/methodology/approach – Correlations between how data are typically presented versus how they may possibly be presented serve as the basis for a discussion on advantages to a more journalistic and visual approach to looking at numerical analysis.Findings – Using numbers to tell a story is the preferred method to inspire positive action when both presenting and beginning any and all discussions about budgetary and activity data. Library leaders wishing positive outcomes to stem from their data are advised to spend more time making data appealing in form for presentation to a variety of audiences.Originality/value – Financial and outcomes measures data analysis is growing in popularity as a means for making data‐driv...


Fracture mechanics analysis plays an important role in the frame of the safety assessment of nuclear components. Usually the goal of such an analysis is to decide if a given flaw size in the piping (or any component of the primary circuit) is acceptable or not. The word "acceptable" means that structural integrity of the component is guaranteed with sufficient safety margins up to the end of service life or up to the next in-service inspection (considering the worst case loads and lower bound material properties). To fulfil this high-responsible task in practice some useful Engineering Assessment methods (EAM) have been established i.e. Local flow stress concept (Germany), assessment based on J-Integral (France RSE-M), Limit load calculation according to (ASME XI, USA) or Two criteria approach (R6, UK). These EAM are verified by a large number of testscarried out in the past. On a higher level, more advanced assessment methods have been developed during the last years, based on micromechanical models of void nucleation and growth. These advanced micromechanical models are used within the Finite Element Analysis (FEA) and allow to study the whole crack growth process from initiation to final failure in more detail. In the ductile regime, which is the typical case for application of aforementioned methods, the crack growth can be divided into three phases: crack initiation, stable crack growth and unstable crack growth. In this paper methods of different complexity will be applied to analyse fracture mechanics specimens made of Inconel 600. Special focus will be placed on the crack growth modelling based on the Gurson's porous metal plasticity theory. All performed calculations will be compared with experiments.© 2009 ASME


Environmental impact assessment measures are presented at one stage of the studies. In this context, the Environmental Impact Statement (EIS) is one of the most well-known and used studies in Brazil, being fundamental in the process of searching for an ecologically balanced environment. It is through the EIS that it assesses the environmental consequences of a project with significant environmental impacts and what measures are implemented for these consequences. This work compared, comparatively, how the mitigation, recovery, monitoring, compensation and environmental enhancement measures of 21 EISs were presented, distributed in 3 different typologies. More specifically, it sought to identify, quantify and classify the various measures proposed; analyze the relationship between these measures and the identified impacts and whether the consistency between measures and impacts varies between the typologies; and to understand the implications of the analyzes for the practice and regulation of EIS in Brazil. The methodology was based on content analyzes of EISs, in particular the chapters of impact classification and preposition of measures. From the obtained results it was verified that the majority of the measures used in the sample are of mitigation, compensation and programs. It was also observed that all typologies presented several measures with no clear relation with significant impacts suggesting lack of clarity and objectivity.


Trauma to tendons and ligaments represents a significant part of orthopaedic and podiatric injuries. To improve the outcome of repair, complex or chronic injuries may require reinforcement of the primary repair with a graft. Biologic grafts currently available provide different handling, strength, and biological responses. One of the currently available grafts, an acellular human dermal membrane with specific properties, has been successfully used in the augmentation of tendon and ligament repairs for more than 6 years.


This study examines how literary experiences cultivate environmental sensitivity. In this study we have 3 children(6th graders) to experience 3 selected literary works. The experience of 3 children focusing on characters is divided into "sympathy", "identification" and "hostility" by empathy types. In literary experiences, children naturally support the values pursued by main characters. The experience focusing on plotㆍevents is consists of "sympathy" and "advice". The children agreed with the way how the characters solved environmental issues while involved in the events by offering advice to characters whose actions they did not agree to. The experience focusing on topics is divided into "assimilation" and "reflection". The children experienced the assimilation process. Furthermore, they reflected on new environmental issues. This result suggests literary experience subserve children to reflect value through empathy and cultivate their intention toward pro-environmental behavior by generating environmental sensitivity.


Summary: A comprehensive evaluation procedure for the sealing and drainage of the two long tunnels through the Swiss alps is performed based on an order by AlpTransit Gotthard AG and BLS AlpTransit AG. Special influences such as high geothermal heat, high pressure of mountain mass, construction, and high expectations for the service life-time – 100 years – had to be considered. Compared with near-surface tunnels, the thermoplastic polymeric materials typically used at present are more highly stressed. Polymeric products combined to waterproofing systems (waterproofing membranes: PE, PE-Cop, PVC-P, drainage materials: PE, PP, PA, PES) were submitted by the applicants and tested in a 24 months program for their ageing resistance. Existing test methods were complemented by new procedures, e.g., by resistance at elevated temperatures and in oxygen -enriched water at elevated temperatures, respectively, compression creep tests between rough surfaces, behaviour under combined lateral compression and horizontal shear, and installation tests including construction of the conrete support shell. The most important results of the four test modules with preliminary conclusions will be detailed. The installation tests showed that the waterproofing membranes develop regular folds with small radii of curvature during construction and thus locally lead to high strains in the membranes. Since most products did not meet certain requirements, optimised systems are now re-evaluted in a shortened procedure.


We derive closed, analytical formulas for the three-particles integrals which include spherical Bessel functions of the first and second kind, i.e., the jl(V r) and nl(V r) functions. Applications of these formulas to actual calculations of the probabilities of different processes is discussed.


It makes people more and more uncomfortable with the emerging of rubbish short messages.We improved traditional nave Bayesian classification and realized filtrating of rubbish short messages.The experiment shows the method improved the nicety and the classification does work.


The solution to the problem of separating multiple vocal and instrumental tracks from a single audio waveform is solved naturally by the human auditory cortex but has yet to be effectively implemented computationally. In this paper, we demonstrate a neurally-inspired approach to separating bass, drums, vocals and other instruments from sparse encodings of phase-rich Fourier and Constant-Q representations of stereo musical data. Our sparse encodings are generated from learned features that are both spectrally and temporally convolutional, similar to the hemispheric lateralization of human auditory cortex. We find that learning from neurally inspired Constant-Q representations provides better separation over Fourier spectrograms due to the presence of structure that is convolutional in log-frequency that aids in the differentiation of instruments.


The blackberry wine is recognised as a natural source of many bioactive molecules and essential elements that play an important role in health promotion and disease prevention. The wine is traditionally popular medicine for anemia and iron deficiency. The aim of this work was to evaluate quality physical and chemical characteristics and concentration of macro elements Ca, K, Mg, Na, essential elements Cu, Fe, Mn, Zn, soil associated elements Li, Rb, Sr and toxic elements Al, Co, Pb of selected 22 blackberry wines from different regions of Croatia. Basic quality characteristics of all fruit wines were determined as follows: alcoholic strength (% vol), total sugars (g L -1 ), total extract (g L -1 ), ash (g L -1 ), pH, total acidity (g L -1 , malic acid) and volatile acidity (g L -1 , acetic acid). The results indicate that blackberry wines represent high quality beverage. For determination of elements, fast and precise method of inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) was used. Following elements were detected in investigated blackberry wines in different amounts: macro elements Ca, K, Mg, Na (mg L -1 ), essential elements Cu, Fe, Mn, Zn (mg L -1 ), soilassociated elements Li, Rb, Sr (µg L -1 ) and toxic elements Al, Co and Pb (µg L -1 ). It can be concluded that moderate consumption of blackberry wines may contribute to daily dietary intake of essential elements and wines can be considered as health safe, because potentially toxic elements are kept under allowable limits.


Psychological service delivery in the schools was investigated through a mail survey of eighty-one practicing school psychologists in Central New York State. The response rate was 42%. Actual and preferred practices within both alternative and traditional service deliveries were investigated to discover the extent to which reform has occurred in the field of school psychology in the 1990's. Possible factors that could be perceived as barriers to preferred service deliverywere also studied. Significant differences were found between actual and preferred practices, as well as between the average percentage of time spent in both alternative and traditional service deliveries. Results indicate that little progress has beenmade in school psychology reform from traditional practices related to assessment, toward more alternative practices related to intervention and indirect services. Results also indicate that actual and preferred alternative and traditional practices are not related to the characteristics of the current sample. Time constraints and students' needs are the factors that are perceived by respondents to serve as barriers to preferred service delivery, while training limitations and teacher resistance are not. To determine if factors that could be perceived as barriers to preferred practice are independent from sample characteristics and service delivery practices, tests of independence were conducted. Overall, results indicate that the factors of students' needs and time constraints are not independent from all of the sample characteristics or practices. Psychological Service 3 Psychological Service Delivery in the Schools: Has There Been Rapid Reform? The role and function of school psychologists is a topic that has been persistently debated within the educational profession, and addressed in psychological literature dating back as far as the 1960's and 1970's (Tindall, 1964; Gilmore & Chandy, 1973, Lesiak & Lounsbury, 1977; Hughes, 1979; Maher, 1979; Stewart, 1986; Harris, 1988). Traditionally, in the USA Britain, andWestern Australia, school psychologists have operated primarily from a direct-service model. Their duties have typically included diagnostic assessment, and special education placements and referrals. In fact, school psychologists have long been referred to as "the gatekeepers to special education" (Ritchie, 1985, p. 15). Interestingly, the research on this topic indicates that there has been a desire in the field of school psychology to move from traditional service delivery related to assessment, toward more alternative service delivery related to preventive and indirect services for some time (Ysseldyke, Reynolds, &Weinberg, 1984; Hartshorne & Johnson, 1985; Gutkin & Hickman, 1988; Kratochwill, VanSomeren, & Sheridan, 1989; Bergan & Kratochwill, 1990). Perhaps first triggering this desire for a role change was the implementation of the 1981 Education Act. This Act brought out a proliferation ofnew ideas and approaches in the field of school psychology that likely contributed to the debate regarding the most appropriate role of school psychologists in educational settings (Knapman, Huxtable, & Tempest, 1987). Given that the provision ofpsychological service was warranted for all children, the problem ofhow to provide the service in Psychological Service 4 an efficient, effective, and cost appropriate way had become foremost in practitioners' minds (Benson, 1985). Throughout the 1980's, much attentionwas paid to the extent to which the field of school psychology had actually changed. Several studies reported that despite the new legislation, increased knowledge, and desire for a preventive role, most school psychologists continued to function using the medical model of refer, test, and place (Pryzwanski, 1986; Levey, Tempest, & Knapman, 1986; Knapman, et. al., 1987; Leach, 1989). In fact, in 1986 Levey and his colleagues discussed the fact that although the use ofpsychometric tests as a basis for classifying children for the purpose ofproviding educational services had been questioned since its inception at the beginning of the century, it was still readily seen in practice. Addressing the lack ofprogress toward change in school psychology practice, researchers have suggested several factors that were suspected to have hindered the implementation ofmore alternative and indirect services. These factors included time constraints, legislation (Gutkin & Curtis, 1982), high student to psychologist ratios (Smith, 1984 as cited in Costenbader, Swartz, & Petrix, 1992), prevalence of learning disabilities, the quality and usefulness of the current assessment instruments (Reschley, 1988), and administrative disposition in educational settings (Bossard & Gutkin, 1983). In 1989, Leach specifically addressed the lack of congruence between ideal and actual practices in school psychology. He focused on two key dilemmas facing school psychologists. On one hand, school psychologists desired a change in service delivery, but had difficulty achieving it in practice. On the other hand, he believed that therewas a lack Psychological Service 5 of support for change, but increasing criticism of current school psychological practice from its main consumer groups. He argued that these dilemmas were interactive and circular in nature, and conducted a survey of teachers' and principals' views of the work of school psychologists. He asked for their perceptions regarding school psychologists' actual frequency, quality ofwork, and preferred frequency of several different service delivery activities. Results from his study indicated that traditional duties surrounding cognitive testing and the assessment of individual children for placement in special programs or schools, continued to be more frequently conducted than newer, systemcentered practices. In fact, Leach found that teachers and administrators did not specifically request more alternative types of service, but simply more service of all kinds. A similar study by Brady (1985) surveyed regular education teachers regarding their preferences for school psychology services, and their suggestions for change. Results indicated that teachers were actually happy with the traditional types of service that they received, and had very few suggestions for change. The overall suggestions that teachers did have, included increasing the availability of school psychologists and decreasing the time between referral and action. Yet another similar study of teacher perceptions of school psychological service, completed by Evans andWright (1987), supported the findings that teachers continued to prioritize assessment related activities. Overall, the findings from each of these studies may suggest that consumers being satisfied with traditional types of service may have actually contributed to the status quo in psychological service delivery in educational settings. Psychological Service 6 A paper by Fagan and Hughes (1985) that compared psychological service delivery in urban and rural settings reported that the general quantity of all school psychological services was inadequate, as well as the quality in both types of settings. However, the particular problems that rural districts were reported to face in increasing the amount of non-traditional services that school psychologists performed, were even greater than those for urban districts. These authors suggested that urban areas were slow to implement alternative types of services, but that rural areas were "professional decades behind" (p. 444). For this reason, these researchers argued that school district size may also impact the way that school psychologists work. As the 1980's progressed and came to a close, researchers were increasingly cognizant of the dilemma regarding the state ofpsychological service delivery in the schools. During that time, suggestions for changing training programs were oftenmade in the literature, as well as suggestions forworking with systems and personnel issues, in an effort to expedite the shift in practice from traditional to alternative services (Maher, 1982; Stewart, 1986; Pryzwanski, 1986; Knoff, 1986; Knapman, et.al., 1987; Ponti, Zins, & Graden, 1988; Reschly, 1988). In 1988, Reschly conducted an analysis and critique of the state of school psychological services, placing emphasis on unresolved systems and training issues that he believed impacted the way school psychologists perform their jobs. He interpreted these unresolved issues as establishing the basis for special education reform. He argued that although progress toward alternative service delivery had been predicted in the literature for the previous two decades, the contemporary special education reformmovement had Psychological Service 7 greater potential to radically change what school psychologists do in practice. He predicted rapid reform in school psychology in the 1990's in terms of a paradigm shift from traditional service delivery, to increased levels ofpre-referral intervention and behavioral consultation. Gutkin and Curtis (1990) also predicted a shift of emphasis in many school districts from traditional assessment toward pre-referral intervention directed at minimizing the number of children placed unnecessarily in special education programs. In the beginning of the current decade, Gutkin and Curtis (1990) described their perception of the state of school psychology practice: All is not well in school psychology. Despite decades of eloquent writing and hard-nosed thinking, many (perhaps most) school psychologists view the profession as having achieved but a shadow of its potential. Visions of what school psychology should be and could be are not congruent with the reality of what school psychology has come to be. . . Significant change is needed (p. 203). So, two decades and many referrals later, researchers and practitioners were again stressing the need and desire for changes in service delivery, and predicti


We study two quasi-static frictional contact problems on an infinite time interval for a viscoelastic material with long memory and a viscoplastic material, respectively, and with the constitutive ...


Vitrectomy via the pars plana is arguably the most exciting recent advance in ophthalmology, and these proceedings of a tutorial conference held in New Orleans in April 1975 serve to underline the established place of this new technique in our surgical armamentarium. Most of the best-known workers in the field of vitreous surgery contributed to its pages with the notable exception ofDr Robert Machemer, of Miami, whose inspiration and influence on the evolution of vitrectomy are nevertheless evident throughout. The conference considered vitreous anatomy and pathology, preoperative clinical and ultrasonic evaluation of cases, the vitreous and cataract surgery, and techniques of open-sky and pars plana vitrectomy. The use of the Douvas Rotoextractor was described and illustrated in particular detail, and results from various centres are documented. Diabetic vitreous haemorrhage and ocular trauma were considered in depth, though few hard facts emerged as to how and when the lens should be removed in diabetic patients with vitreous haemorrhage, for example, or whether fibrous proliferation can be prevented by early vitrectomy following trauma. The contributors emphasised that the vitrectomist must combine a facility in microsurgical technology with expertise in all aspects of retinal surgery. Certainly, the chapters and round-table discussions on operative and postoperative complications should be read by anyone contemplating performing the 'occasional' vitrectomy; they make suitably harrowing reading. D. MCLEOD


In order to investigate the development of the concept of Allah among. Muslims, a qualitative investigation was carried out on a woman who describes how her concepts underwent changes from 2 to 17 years. The case history appears to confirm the writers earlier findings that children consider God to be a man as the adults vocabulary suggests.


The machining of castings is usually made by CNC machines using sophisticated equipment. One of the most delicate manufacturing procedures is the making of the vertical bores hat allow the passage of the cooling air. The article discusses the two main fields for the development of moulds: the possibility of reducing, if not eliminating, swabbing and the reduction in the weight of the glass container as a result of mathematical models that predict the internal temperatures of the surface of the moulds.


Ammonia removal from aqueous solutions as magnesium ammonium phosphate, MgNH 4 PO 4 .6H 2 O (struvite, MAP), was investigated and the parameters, pH and ammonium/magnesium/phosphate molar ratio, for optimization of the ammonia precipitation were determined. The pH of the solution containing the calculated amounts of NH 4 Cl, MgCl 2 and NaH 2 PO 4 (initial pH 4-5) was slowly adjusted to the fixed value (in the range 8.5-10.5) with the use of a concentrated NaOH solution. About 3 min. after the struvite precipitation, the solid was filtered off on a cellulose filter. By this method, under strictly controlled conditions (pH, N/Mg/P molar ratio and reaction time), the NH 4 + removal in high yield (up to 99% for concentrations > 1000 mg/L) was performed. In most experiments performed the ammonium ion content in the filtrate has been reduced to a level lower than 15 mg/L with a single treatment.


Breast cancer in the elderly seems to be less aggressive than in the younger patients.Older women tend to have more localized disease or locally advanced breast cancer.Older women more frequently have phgsiological changes as well as concurrent disease that planning may limit the choice of therapy.Patient's performance status and tumor's biologic behavior should be considered when primary treatment of breast cancer other than tumor stage at presentation.Surgical operation is one of the major means for the treatment of operable breast cancer.In early breast cancer women who have ER-positive tumor that can be treated with breast conservation,or with sentinel node biopsy followed by breast irradiation and endocrine therapy,or without breast radiation.The patients with locally advanced breast cancer or who have larger,ER-positive tumor,or clinically-positive axillary nodes can be given preoperative endocrine therapy with 3~(rd) generation of aromatase inhibitors to try to convert to limited surgery.Adjuvant chemotherapy can be considered for older women with ER-negative tumor whose risk of systemic recurrence is high and who are in good health.Strict adherence to indications of adjuvant radiotherapy should be carried out for older women with breast cancer.


This paper examines the most significant processes of securitization and desecuritization occurring at the Union of South American Nations (UNASUR) from its inception in 2008 until 2017, when UNASUR began to experience a gridlock. The analysis begins with the hypotheses of desecuritization of armed conflict among the South American countries, as well as their approach to problems drug-related. To this end, the paper is based on a critical theory of security with focus on securitization, and offers an expanded and/or discursive conception of security that goes beyond the military dimension.


The research and application on acoustic positioning system technology plays an important role in modern marine science survey and underwater construction. Taking some type of Ultra Short Baseline(USBL) Positioning System produced in China as an example, combining the positioning service for Jiaolong submersible in the manned deep diving trial application voyage, the calibration method of USBL acoustic positioning system at sea is discussed.


Recently, great numbers of foreign students come to Japanese university. Japanese reading and pronunciation become a problem for the foreign students. In this study, we propose a Japanese training system for foreign students. At first, we analyzed an accent of the foreign students. Secondarily we compare the accent of the foreign students and Japanese standard accents. We developed a system which supports foreign students for learning of the accent by visualizing the difference of the accent.


Infection with the human immunodeficency virus (HIV) can produce a very varied clinical picture ranging from an acute seroconversion illness to full blown AIDS many years later. Infection may be asymptomatic or symptomatic. Acute infection following 1st exposure to the virus is usually asymptomatic and may occur up to 6 weeks after the contact. When symptoms do occur they are often nonspecific. A glandular fever-like illness has been described at the time of the acute seroconversion. The patient suffers from fever malaise lethargy myalgia arthralgia lymphadenopathy and sore throat. A positive test to HIV indicates only that a person has been exposed to the virus and not that he or she has gained any natural immunity. Chronic infection may also be asymptomatic. The clinical features described consist of cytopenias minor opportunistic infections and skin conditions lymphadenopathy and the AIDS related complex. The lymphadenopathy seen in chronic infection has been termed the persistent generalized lymphadenopathy syndrome (PGL). Several series of patients with persistent generalized lymphadenopathy have been studied prospectively for a number of years. The proportion with the syndrome who progress to AIDS varies from 10 to 30% but the proportion increases the longer the patients are followed up. The 2 main clinical manifestations of AIDS are tumours and a series of opportunistic infections. Kaposis sarcoma is the commonest original tumour described. Most patients in the US and the UK present originally with Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia followed by other opportunistic infections and Kaposis sarcoma. The many opportunistic infections associated with AIDS affect virtually any body system. The median survival of patients after diagnosis of AIDS varies with the presenting manifestation.


School, is a key territory in what constitutes a rural community. As such, it is in a constant reconfiguration process effected by conflict dynamics. With that said, war effects on rural schools have been fairly studied. Using a multiple case study methodology and narrative method, this paper tells the story of San Luis', Antioquia, rural communities of La Estrella and San Francisco, analyzing their reconfigurations in the regional landscape. Factors such as resistances and forced displacement are found to be phenomenon's that play a significant role in the territory reconfiguration process; upstanding the school's role in rural communities to signify both the educative Service offer, as well as an opportunity for those who inhabit rural communities to have a common good and acknowledge themselves as a functional social group.


Cells need proteins to carry out molecular functions, but proteins can become damaged or misfolded, which inhibits their function and can cause aggregation. Misfolded protein aggregation is associated with degenerative diseases in mammals. In Eukaryotic cells, chronically misfolded proteins can be destroyed by the Ubiquitin Proteasome System (UPS) as a way to prevent aggregation and disease. For my thesis work, I have investigated two pathways that participate in the UPS. First, I investigate Endoplasmic Reticulum Associated Degradation (ERAD), a UPS pathway is active in the Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) of eukaryotic cells. ERAD is well characterized in Saccharomyces cerevisiae (yeast), but has only recently been studied in multicellular systems. The Dahlberg Lab has begun to characterize the ERAD pathway regulating GLR-1, a glutamate receptor in the neurons of Caenorhabditis elegans. GLR-1 is a substrate for the E3 Ubiquitin ligase HRDL-1 in ERAD, and it accumulates in the cell when HRDL-1 is non-functional. We characterize location of accumulating GLR-1 in the absence of HRDL-1 with organelle level resolution. By determining the glycosylated state of GLR-1, we find that additional GLR-1 remains in the ER when HRDL-1 is nonfunctional. Our finding suggests that GLR-1 is likely accumulating in a misfolded state when ERAD is impaired. Second, we begin to characterize another branch of the UPS that acts in the nucleus of Eukaryotic cells. A nuclear UPS pathway has also been investigated in S. cerevisiae, but a homologous pathway in a multicellular system has not been characterized. Using C. elegans, we demonstrate that aggregation prone proteins accumulate in the nuclei of body wall muscle cells, and that nuclear accumulation increases between the second and third day of the worm's life.


. In the threshold version of Paillier's encryption scheme a set of parties hold a share of the secret decryption key. Whenever a ciphertext is to be decrypted, the parties sends their decryption shares, which are then verified for correctness and combined into the plaintext. The scheme has been widely adopted in various applications, from secure voting to general purpose MPC protocols. However, among handful proposals for a maliciously secure scheme, one must choose between an efficient implementation that relies on non-standard assumptions or an infeasible one that relies on widely acceptable assumptions. In this work, we present a new protocol that combines the benefits of both worlds. We depart from the efficient scheme, which was proven secure relying on non-standard assumptions, and for the first time, prove that it is secure under standard assumptions only. This is possible thanks to a novel reduction technique , from the soundness of a zero-knowledge proof of equality of discrete logs, to the factoring problem. Furthermore, our simple and efficient proof supports batching , and hence enables batched threshold Paillier decryption for the first time. Until now, verifying that a decryption share is correct was the bottleneck of threshold Paillier schemes, and prevented its implementation in practice (unless one is willing to rely on a trusted dealer). Our new proof and batching techniques shift that bottleneck back to the plaintext reconstruction, just like in the semi-honest setting, and render threshold Paillier practical for the first time, supporting large scale deployments. We implemented our scheme and report our evaluation with up to 1000 parties, in the dishonest majority setting. For instance, over an EC2 c6i machine, we get a throughput of about 50 and 3.6 decryptions per second, when run over a network of 100 and 1000 parties, respectively.


A study of molecular conformation by 1H and 13C NMR methods of three 1,3‐dipyridyl thioureas namely, 1,3‐di(2‐pyridyl)thiourea (1), 1,3‐di(3‐pyridyl)thiourea (2), 1‐(2‐pyridyl)‐3‐(3‐pyridyl)thiourea (3), and also of 1‐phenyl‐3‐(2‐pyridyl)thiourea (4) and 1,3‐diphenylthiourea (5), included for the sake of comparison, was carried out. Evidence was obtained that 3 and 4 exist in solution solely in one form, in an internally hydrogen bonded E,Z conformation, whereas 1, 2 and 5 exist in two (or more) rotamer forms. The data reveal an interesting dynamic exchange phenomenon occurring in 1 between two intramolecularly hydrogen bonded conformers. The 1H and 13C chemical shifts, 1H,1H and 13C,1H coupling constants are reported. The 13C and 1H chemical shifts are correlated with the electron densities calculated by the CNDO method.


This paper, by the Deputy Managing Director and the Director of Operations of KLM Noordzee Helikopters BV., describes the operation of a 24-hour service now available for supplying pilots to ships entering the harbour of Rotterdam and for maintaining communications with North Sea oil rigs, with special reference to the unusual navigational problems involved. The paper, which was illustrated by a colour film, was presented at a meeting of the Institute held in London on 17 April 1974 with Captain V. A. M. Hunt, c.b.e. in the Chair.


Elliptic curves in the \(xy\)-plane are the set of points \((x,y)\in\mathbb{R}\times\mathbb{R}\) that are the zeros of special types of third order polynomials \(f(x,y)\), with real coefficients, in the two variables \(x\) and \(y\). These curves turn out to be of fundamental interest in analytic number theory. More generally, one can define similar curves over arbitrary algebraic fields as follows. Let \(f(x,y)\) be a polynomial of any degree in two variables \(x\) and \(y\), with coefficients in an algebraic field \(\mathcal{F}\). We define the algebraic curve \(\mathscr{C}_f(\mathcal{F})\) over the field \(\mathcal{F}\) by \[\mathscr{C}_f(\mathcal{F})=\{(x,y)\in\mathcal{F}\times\mathcal{F}:f(x,y)=0\in \mathcal{F}\}.\] Of course one can also similarly define the algebraic curve \(\mathscr{C}_f(\mathcal{Q})\) over a field \(\mathcal{Q}\), where \(\mathcal{Q}\) is either a subfield of the field \(\mathcal{F}\) where the coefficients of \(f\) exist, or is an extension field of \(\mathcal{F}\). Thus if \(f\in\mathcal{F}[x,y]\), and if \(\mathcal{Q}\) is either an extension or a subfield of \(\mathcal{F}\), then one can define \(\mathscr{C}_f(\mathcal{Q})=\{(x,y)\in\mathcal{Q}\times\mathcal{Q}:f(x,y)=0\}\). Our main interest in this section will be in third order polynomials (cubic curves) \[f(x,y)=ax^3+bx^2y+cxy^2+dy^3+ex^2+fxy+gy^2+hx+iy+j,\] with coefficients in \(\mathcal{R}\), with the associated curves \(\mathscr{C}_f(\mathbb{Q})\) over the field of rational numbers \(\mathbb{Q}\subset\mathbb{R}\). Thus, basically, we will be interested in points \((x,y)\in\mathbb{R}^2\) that have rational coordinates \(x\) and \(y\), and called rational points, that satisfy \(f(x,y)=0\). Of course one can first imagine the curve \(f(x,y)=0\) in \(\mathbb{R}^2\), i.e. the curve \(\mathscr{C}_f(\mathbb{R})\) over \(\mathbb{R}\), and then choosing the points on this curve that have rational coordinates. This can simply be expressed by writing that \(\mathscr{C}_f(\mathbb{Q})\subset\mathscr{C}_f(\mathbb{R})\). It has to be mentioned that "rational curves" \(\mathscr{C}_f(\mathbb{Q})\) are related to diophantine equations. This is in the sense that rational solutions to equations \(f(x,y)=0\) produce integer solutions to equations \(f'(x,y)=0\), where the polynomial \(f'\) is very closely related to the polynomial \(f\), if not the same one in many cases. For example every point in \(\mathscr{C}_f(\mathbb{Q})\), where \(f(x,y)=x^n+y^n\), i.e. every rational solution to \(f(x,y)=x^n+y^n=0\), produces an integer solution to \(x^n+y^n=0\). Thus algebraic curves \(\mathscr{C}_f(\mathbb{Q})\) can be of genuine interest in this sense.


The ex post facto evaluation of individual plans and planning systems, which is widely accepted as an important means to improvement of the planning task, is a difficult and generally poorly managed task. An alternative path to better planning lies in anticipating sources of planning failure and taking steps to avoid them. One approach to the study of planning pathology is offered by Sieber's classification of mechanisms by which the hoped-for effects of public policy in general are converted to frequently unintended and disastrous outcomes. Using Australian case studies, Sieber's ideas on functional disruption, exploitation, goal displacement, provocation, classification, over commitment and placation are shown to have much relevance to planning. Considerable overlap is demonstrated between Sieber's mechanisms and those discussed by Hall in Great Planning Disasters, though the lists are arguably incomplete. Planning, in particular, is prone to information problems and suffers from the fluidity of the decision-making environment. That we learn by our mistakes is an axiom of the rational model of urban and regional planning. Feedback procedures should, in theory, result in the prompt amendment or abandonment of policies that prove to be ineffective. In the longer term, at the national level, widespread and rigorous appraisal should permit the codification of sources of planning failure and generate a more sensitive and informed understanding, by professionals, governments and the community at large, of the possibilities of planning and the limits of government. Both individual


The main question which this empirical study addresses is: Are the fmancial determinants of bond risk premiums different for industrial versus utility bonds (i.e. market segmentation)? First, a multiple discriminant analysis of eight financial variables is conducted to verify an underlying argument that divergent operational characteristics lead to different financial profiles. Linear regression analyses are then performed cross-sectionally for the years 1975 to 1979. The results indicate that (1) the market segmentation effect materially affects the determination of bond premiums, (2) the business cycle is an important factor, and (3) utility premiums are less sensitive to fmancial risk than industrial bond premiums.


Abstract The generalization of building footprints acts as the basis of multi-scale mapping. Most of the previous studies focus on the generalization of regular building clusters within a wide neighbourhood, but only few has concerned about the generalization of cluttered building clusters within the narrow space such as urban village. The buildings in urban villages show special characteristics in terms of individual properties and group properties, and thus their map generalization processes are often limited. This study proposes a framework to generalize the cluttered building clusters that allows for multi-scale mapping. It first adopts a heuristic method to group adjacent buildings based on the Delaunay triangulation model and then aggregates and simplifies each building group separately. Given that the aggregated buildings in urban villages often show cluttered alignments, our method further trims the jagged boundaries of building footprints by extracting the gap space between neighbouring buildings from the Delaunay triangulation model.


Thirteen exploratory wells were drilled in Alaska in 1976. There were no discoveries announced, but 4 suspended wells on the Arctic North Slope may have found oil. All 4 wells are in close proximity to the Prudhoe Bay field. There were 53 development wells drilled of which 3 were dry; 17 service wells were completed. Industry geologic-geophysical field activity consisted of 151.8 crew-months, a decrease of 32% compared with 1975. Most of the reduction occurred on the North Slope and in the Gulf of Alaska, but 5 areas showed increased activity from the previous year. Other exploratory developments included the drilling of a deep Continental Offshore Stratigraphic Test (COST) well in St. George basin and 3 shallow stratigraphic holes on the Kodiak shelf. During 1976, federal acreage under lease marginally increased owing to the successful Gulf of Alaska OCS sale. State acreage under lease decreased 13%. Oil production showed a decrease of 6.9%, but gas production was up 6.3% for the year. Development drilling registered a large increase in 1976 primarily because of new wells in the Prudhoe Bay field which is scheduled to start production in 1977. The future land situation in Alaska is confused by pending legislation and the lack of a reliable timetable for announced federal and state lease sales.


The permanent-magnet (PM) arrangement possesses great influence on the machine performances. In this paper, focusing on the double-stator (DS) inserted-PM (IPM) vernier machines, the effects of the IPM inclination angle are specifically investigated. The variation of the PM inclination angle directly changes the machine flux concentration status, and thus affects the electromagnetic performances. Based on the comparative study of representative machine topologies with PM inclination variation, theoretical conclusions are obtained on the cooperation principle between the PM inclination angle and double stators, and the optimal PM inclination angle for DS-PM vernier machines is obtained.


Plants in general have multiple lipoxygenase isoforms that exhibit distinct biochemical attributes and discrete cellular and sub-cellular localization patterns. This suggests that plant lipoxygenases are multifunctional and contribute to several physiological processes during growth and development. Soybeans have at least eight isoforms. Three that are localized to the seed (L-1; L-2; L-3) have been characterized extensively. The vegetative organs have five additional isoforms that are not well characterized. To better understand the potential cellular function of these vegetative lipoxygenases (VLXs), kinetic parameters and pH profiles with multiple substrates coupled with structural studies reveal differences within this family of enzymes. In addition, clear differences exist between VLX-A, -B & -E and VLX-C & -D in the exposed loops of the �-barrel, O 2 cavity and entry site of the subcavity IIa. Therefore, based on distinct patterns of activity and structure, the existence of functional subgroups among the five VLX isoforms was confirmed.


Objective Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disorder of aging.Identifying novel AD genetic risk factors is important for understanding its pathogenesis.Presenilin- 2 (PSEN2) is one of the causative genes for familial AD.Polymorphism of the promoter region of PSEN2 has recently been reported to be associated with sporadic AD in a Russian population.The purpose of this study was to determine whether AD is associated with the PSEN2 gene polymorphism in a case-control study.Methods We examined PSEN2 and ApoE genotypes of 160 patients with AD and an equal number of age- and sex-matched controls from the same community by using PCR-RFLP method.Statistical analyses included a Chi-square test for homogeneity and a Logistic regression analysis.Results Examination of PSEN2 genotypes revealed no statistically significant differences in the frequency of the+A/-A polymorphism when compared with the total sample of AD patients and control individuals (P=0.11). However,subgroup of ApoE 84 non-carriers suggested significant differences of the three genotypes of PSEN2 promoter between AD and controls (P=0.038).Logistic analyses indicated ApoE genotypes were related with AD,and after stratification by e4 allele,PSEN2 genotypes were related with AD of e4 non-carriers.In addition,there was no interaction between ApoE and PSEN2 gene.Conclusion The+A/-A polymorphism of PSEN2 promoter may be a minor genetic risk factor for sporadic AD,especially in the group of AD without ApoE e4 allele.


Spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L. 'New Dingxi 24') was grown at ambient (370 μl l −1 ) and elevated (620 μl l −1 ) concentrations of CO2 in a mini free-air CO2 enrichment (FACE) facility to study the impact of CO2 enrichment on growth, yield, and water use efficiency (WUE) in a semi-arid area in northwest China. The results showed that at the elevated CO2 concentration the plant height (20.1%), leaf area index (18.8%), average number of grains in a spike (22.5%), and thousand-kernel weight (17.2%) were higher than that of ambient CO2 concentration(CK), whereas the proportion of sterile spikes was 41.5% lower in the CO2-enriched plots. The period from sowing to harvesting was 5 days longer (within which the filling–milking stage was significantly longer) in the CO2-enriched plots. Consequently, the yield (15.4%) and water use efficiency (WUE) (15.4%) was significantly higher in the CO2-enriched plots. Overall, the results suggest that the higher yield was mainly attributable to the greater average number of grains in a spike and higher thousand-kernel weight. Moreover, the improved WUE helped to counteract the negative effects of moisture stress.


The use of method of moments techniques has resulted in changes of some of the conventional thinking for medium wave directional antenna sample systems-that is the instrumentation for monitoring antenna system parameters. Sample loops on the antenna structures and toroidal current transformers in the feed systems have long been used to monitor directional medium wave antenna systems. This paper will reexamine the historical practices and provide analysis of current thinking on best practices for these types of sample systems.


1.0 Introduction Hydraulic fracturing, the process of initiation and propagation of a crack by pumping fluid at relatively high flow rates and pressures, is one of several techniques for creating cracks in rock. Fractures in the earth's crust are desired for a variety of reasons, including enhanced oil and gas recovery, re-injection of drilling or other environmentally sensitive wastes, measurement of in situ stresses, geothermal energy recovery, and enhanced well water production. These fractures can range in size from a few meters to hundreds of meters, and their cost is often a significant portion of the total development cost. In locations where the in situ stress field, including the directions, is known and the wellbore is aligned with one of the far-field principal stresses, the hydraulic fracture geometry can be predicted and controlled with reasonable accuracy. For those wellbores that are not aligned with such a direction (deviated wells), the hydraulic fracture geometry is usually more complex and more difficult to model, especially close to the wellbore where the local stress field is significantly different from the far-field stresses. Field data from hydraulic fracturing operations exist primarily in the form of pressure response curves. It is difficult to define the actual hydraulic fracture geometry from this data alone, however. Therefore, numerical simulations are used to evaluate and predict the location, direction and extent of these hydraulic fractures.


1.5-µm-band wavelength converters based on cascaded χ(2) in periodically poled MgO:LiNbO3 (PPMGLN) waveguides are fabricated and studied for the first time. A conversion efficiency of -26 dB is obtained with the pump power of only 16 mW, which is compatible with the highest reported value of the PPLN wavelength converters based on nondoped substrates. The 3 dB conversion bandwidth is found to be as large as 68 nm for a 45-mm-long device.


The word cryptography refers to the science and art of transforming messages to make them secure and immune to attacks. It is basically based on the concept of abstract algebra. Network security is mostly achieved through the use of cryptography. More generally, it is about constructing and analyzing protocols that overcome the influence of adversaries and which are related to various aspects in information security such as data confidentiality, data integrity, authentication, and non-repudiation. Modern cryptography intersects the disciplines of mathematics, computer science, and electrical engineering.


- Design-for-test, LBIST, memory technology mapping and clocking concerns require team-months of verification time as they traditionally happen at gate-level. We present a novel concern-oriented methodology that enables automatic insertion of these concerns at the register-transfer-level where verification is easier. At the heart of our methodology is a conservative flipflop inference transformation that takes entry RTL and outputs RTL where memory is separated from functionality. We prove the transformation correct by construction. We implemented the methodology in a tool that also automatically weaves the different concerns into the output RTL. The tool reduces verification time by 40% when used in industry.


My art investigates the nature of relationship - to home, to objects, to place, to history, to family and community. I am concerned with how we capture a moment and the ways in which memory is held. Relationships are nurtured with sharing and interacting. I am intrigued by the way we interact with and within the spaces we inhabit and how these spaces affect our view of the world at large. The correspondence practice is beautiful because the ephemeral nature of the exchange can not be documented or recorded. I work with book arts, mail arts, and ceramics, found objects and other media as appropriate to the project. I often experiment in new ways to tell a story or create something that appeals to a different sense. Because of the intimate and changing nature of home, there is an intersection between my practice concerning home, my correspondence and books. I come from a long history of letter writers. Since I was young, I have tried to push the limits of what can be exchanged through the mail. For me, the magic of the correspondence is not just what goes through the mail but the relationship that is built and the journey that takes place between the two destinations. Often I create and mail something that is a gift only to be shared with the recipient. It could be a card I letterpressed to mark a certain day of importance or a watercolor painting of a particular image. Again, it is the intimate space between myself and the recipient that I am honoring with these works. With my art, I try to make small and quiet spaces for enjoying moments away from the hectic world that exists outside. I honor connections and wisdom that has been shared with me and the intimacy that can exist even across vast distances. I hope to raise questions about where we can find comfort or healing and how we can find common ground despite our many differences.


In this paper, a hybrid technique FEM/PO PTD method is applied in solving electromagnetic scattering by microstrip patch antennas residing in a cavity. The RCS's of a rectangular cavity backed aperture in an infinite ground plane and two cavity backed microstrip antennas mounted respectively on a finite metal object are calculated and analyzed. The numerical results show the efficiency of the technique with some advantages in saving computer memory and CPU time.


The aim of this paper is to offer a practical guideline for researchers investigating parapsychological phenomena to choose appropriate sample sizes to achieve a statistical power equal or above 0.80.The availability of different meta-analyses related to different parapsychological phenomena, allow a sufficient estimation of the expected effect sizes, that usually range from small to very small.With these measures, it is possible to estimate the numerosity of sample sizes necessary to achieve a level of statistical power that can facilitate the replication of different parapsychological phenomena.I discuss ways to deal with the investigation of phenomena with very small effect sizes requiring very large sample sizes.


Ninhydrin reactions using manual and automated techniques as well as ninhydrin spray reagents are wide ly used to analyze and characterize amino acids, peptides, and proteins as well as numerous other ninhydrin po sitive compounds in biomedical, clinical, food, forensic, histochemical , microbiological, and nutritional and plant studie s. Ninhydrin in aqueous solution reacts with α-amino acids to give a compound known as Ruhemann's purple (diketohydrindylidenediketohydrindamine, DYDA). In order to elucidate the mechanism of the reactions o f ninhydrin with (Ni(II)-Gly-Leu) + complexes, systematic kinetic studies were perform ed by following appearance of the respective colore d condensation products at different (surfactant), (r eactant), (salt) and temperature. The rates of the reaction were determined in both water and surfactant micelles in the absence and presence of various org anic and inorganic salts at 70 °C and pH 5.0. The result shows that the reaction follows the same fir st-order and fractional-order kinetics with respect to (Ni(II)-Gly-Leu) + and (ninhydrin), respectively, in both aqueous and mice llar medium. Quantitative kinetic analysis of k ψ(CTAB) data was performed on the basis of the pseudo-phase model of the micelles. + , CTAB


Semiconductor valence‐band edges are computed on absolute energy scales determined by Herman‐Skillman and Hartree–Fock neutral atom ionization energies, respectively. These calculations use Harrison's (1977) elementary theory of heterojunctions. Differences are compared with experimental heterojunction band discontinuities. It is shown that calculations based on Herman–Skillman neutral atom energies and Harrison's original solid‐state matrix elements agree somewhat better with experiment than later results (1981) based on Hartree–Fock neutral atom energies and modified solid‐state matrix elements. Although no simple theory for heterojunction core‐level discontinuities seems to exist, it is shown that the experimentally measured heterojunction core‐level discontinuities are roughly equal to the binding energy differences of fully relaxed neutral atom core levels such as those calculated by Huang and co‐workers.


A method for the galvanic deposition of at least one metal or semiconductor on a substrate to be coated in a galvanic cell with an anode, a cathode, and if desired a reference electrode which are immersed in an electrolyte, wherein the metal or semiconductor used for coating added to the electrolyte and / or is used in the form of the anode, the connected substrate to be coated as a cathode and the electrolyte is selected from ionic liquids and wherein a potential is applied at such a level that the metal or the semiconductor is galvanically deposited on the substrate surface by the thereby induced current characterized in that the electrolyte is overcoated with an organic liquid, wherein the layer thickness of the organic liquid is at least 2 mm.


The preparation of 2-aminoethanol salt of dehydroabietic acid from disproportionated rosin by reaction-crystallization coupled with ultrasound wave was studied by using disproportionated rosin and 2-aminoethanol as raw materials, ethanol as reaction solvent, and pure dehydroabietic acid could be obtained by extraction, crystallization, recrystallization and acidification.The effects of concentration of ethanol, reaction temperature, reaction time, ultrasound intensity and agitating velocity on the yield of dehydroabietic acid were investigated by orthogonal experiment, and the optimal conditions for isolation were obtained as follows: reaction time 50 min, reaction temperature 35℃, ultrasound power 500 W, concentration of ethanol 50%, agitating velocity 400 r·min-1.Under these conditions, the yield of dehydroabietic acid was 55.37%, and the purity was 99.53%.At the same time, the effect of the conversion of phase state during the aminating reaction-crystallization on the chemical equilibrium and selectivity was investigated.When reaction temperatures were 35℃ and 70℃, respectively, the reaction was heterogeneous and homogeneous, and the purities of dehydroabietic acid prepared were 99.53% and 95.66%.The dehydroabietic acid prepared was analyzed and confirmed with GC, GC-MS, elemental analysis, UV, FT-IR, melting point instrument and polarimeter as well, and the results were in good agreement with the values in literature.


A series of strain controlled tests have been performed on a two-dimensional analogue granular material, composed of three different sizes of rods, in a special laboratory apparatus which permits full control of plane deformations, including rotation of principal axes. These tests have been designed and used to explore certain constitutive conjectures concerning the mechanical behaviour of granular materials. The results, within the accuracy of the apparatus, show that irrespective of the initial stress history of the material, proportional strain paths (if continued for long enough) lead to proportional stress states (asymptotic states). The asymptotic states appear to be independent of the fixed imposed rotation of principal strain axes and at these states coaxiality between the principal stress direction and the principal incremental strain direction seems to be reached. A stress dilatancy relationship between the imposed dilatancy and the corresponding asymptotic stress ratio has been identified.


The article provides a general theoretical and legal analysis of a little-studied legal category - genetic safety. Based on the study of the Russian and foreign scientific literature and a number of legal acts, the authors identified the main threats to genetic safety and pointed out specific issues requiring detailed analysis and legal assessment. In particular, the authors consider the results of genetic testing in the armed forces (shown using the experience of the United States). The authors came to the conclusion that at present Russia is significantly lagging behind the advanced foreign states in the genetic safety legal regulation. This is confirmed by the lack of relevant laws and the documents of organizations carrying out this activity (the so-called "self-regulation"). It seems that the positive experience of genetic safety regulation issues in leading foreign countries can be used to improve the regulatory framework in the Russian Federation.


In recent years, data-driven methods have developed rapidly in the realm of fault diagnosis, but in the face of engineering fault types without historical records, there are still problems such as inadequate learning of fault features and high misdiagnosis rate. To address the issue of limited generalization ability of fault diagnosis models owing to the lack of fault data types in high-speed train (HST) bogies, this paper proposes a generalized zero-shot learning (GZSL) fault diagnosis method for bogies based on generative adversarial networks. Firstly, the conditional Wassertein generative adversarial network using cosine distance (CCDWGAN) proposed in this paper is trained by known fault types, attributes and data. Then, all the possible unknown fault type data are generated by the trained CCDWGAN with attributes of unknown faults. Finally, the generated data of unknown fault types are trained together with known types fault data through a deep Residual Network (ResNet) to build a fault diagnosis model of bogies, and realize the GZSL fault diagnosis of unknown and known fault types. The experiments show that the GZSL based on adversarial generative network can effectively generate unknown fault types, and the fault diagnosis rate of the proposed framework can reach more than 95% for the known category and 70% for the unknown category, which provides a practical solution for the GZSL problem of train bogies fault.


This article focuses on the friendship between two maritime workers and unionists – Tuk Subianto from Indonesia and Eliot V. Elliott from Australia – initially forged during the struggles in Australia against Dutch and British colonialism in Indonesia in 1945. Their communication into the 1960s was largely possible through their shared involvement with international networks of left-affiliated unions like the World Federation of Trade Unions. Despite the WFTU executive's sustained focus on Europe, the organisation had members from diverse racial and national groups which enabled communication between people at the periphery, like the Australians, Indonesians and Indians. Their relationship foundered, however, on Elliott's failure to recognise the importance to Tuk Subianto and his maritime union of the network of decolonising nations, which were often linked through shared 'non-alignment' like India and Indonesia, or even opposition to the European focus of formal left-wing structures like the WFTU. There were thus two different transnational networks operating as the vehicle for Tuk Subianto to be 'overseas', and his old Australian comrade was for various reasons only participating in one of them, which became increasingly inadequate to sustain their alliance.


The paper discusses the relationship of the headband of priests on a historical painting to similar relics and argues that what Jews, Christians, Muslims, Sikhs, Rastafarians etc. wear on the head as a symbol of their respective religion is an extension of the prehistoric belief and practice involving the placing of a snake on the head to invoke fertility and order in some communities. It appears to have originated in part of Africa that Japanese scholars identify as the Nilo-Ethiopian Region. The basis for the office of the Negus and the conceptual reason to place the Tabot on the head are offshoots of the prehistoric practise.


During the latter part of 1979, hundreds of thousands Kampuchean refugees fled from all parts of their war- and hunger-ridden country to the Thai-Cambodian border, thousands perishing from hunger, disease and stepping on mine fields on the way. The majority of those who survived settled in several large villages straddling the border in relative security from the advancing Vietnamese army, receiving food and medical supplies from many international welfare organizations. Widespread public interest in the plight of these refugees arose in Israel after a television program late in October 1979, and a public campaign initiated by Mr. Abie Nathan, an Israeli citizen. The ensuing fund-raising efforts resulted in 1.2 million dollars, most of which originated from private donations. These contributions enabled the Israeli government to equip 5 medical teams and send them to Thailand, covering the last two months of 1979 and the first 4 months of 1980.


The Polish version of the article was published in "Roczniki Humanistyczne," vol. 59 (2011), issue 2.
The article discusses the origins of public penance for heresy in the early Christian tradition as well as examining its application in the penitential practice of the medieval Church. It demonstrates how public penance for mortal sins, which took shape in Late Antiquity, was later adopted and developed within the system of Medieval Inquisition. In the medieval collections of canon law, heresy was qualified as a religious crime which required special public penance. Following the guidelines set up in the ancient Church, any heretic who declared his or her intention to renounce their wrongs was to be interrogated by a bishop, who would grant them absolution of sins and prescribed due penance. An important aspect of penance for heresy was public solemn penitence, which took place on Sundays and feast days and included a number of rituals. The penitent heretic had to appear in a special garment with his or her hair cut off and barefoot. The ritual of solemn public penitence for mortal sins was formed in Late Antiquity and as such was later incorporated into medieval pontificals.
The rise of Medieval Inquisition, which was used as an efficient weapon against popular heresy, stimulated the development of penitential discipline for heretics. Papal Inquisitors, who came to be appointed as extraordinary judges in heresy trials since the 1230s, were particularly inventive in the way how public penance might be employed to fight heretics. Medieval registers of heresy trials, carried out by Papal Inquisitors and bishops, are still the main source of information about penalties imposed on heretics who were sentenced for their errors. The public announcement of a sentence and penalty was the final act of the inquisitorial procedure. The charter of penalties (littera penitentialis), which was first read publicly and later handed over to the penitent heretic, listed various forms of penitence which he had to fulfil. In the inquisitorial strategy of penance, which started to be used in the first half of the thirteenth century, a solemn public penitence of heretics became  commonplace. The inquisitorial registers and manuals for inquisitors described in detail the ritual of public penance and its functions. The penance imposed on heretics offered them a chance to repent publicly for their public crimes and to give satisfaction to society which had been disturbed by their deeds. That is why solemn public penance usually took place in a cathedral or central market square on feast days to be attended and witnessed by the local community. Through his special appearance and penitential garment with two cross signs, the heretic was highly visible and could not be anonymous. The whole society was responsible for supervising the penance of heretics and controlling their religious and moral conduct. Any act of religious transgression or misconduct was to be reported to the ecclesiastical authorities. Of course, public penitence was aimed at teaching a lesson to all the faithful and preventing them from falling into heresy.


The bachelor thesis deals with the possibilities of assistance to seniors, who live on their own although they're not able to fully care for themselves anymore. It talks about aging and its problems. The bachelor thesis compares the advantages and disadvantages of various types of assistance care by family members and care by social services. It focuses on the function of field and outpatient social services for elderly people living in their home environment. The practical section of the thesis is focused on how the social service can change a life style and a quality of life of seniors.


ABSTRACT
Nafiah, Ulin. Register Number Student: 3213113025. 2015. Expressive Speech Act in The Harry Potter and Chamber of Secret Movie Script. Thesis English Educational Progam. State Islamic Institute (IAIN) of Tulungagung. Advisor : Dr. Nurul Chojimah M.Pd.
Keyword : Expressive Speech Act, syntactical realization, feeling, Harry Potter, Movie Script.
Everyday people communicate with each other. In daily communication, people perform action via utterance. The actions performed via utterance called speech act. There are five kinds of speech act. One of the classifications is expressive speech act. It is the kind of speech act that state about speaker feeling. This study aim to find the expressive speech acts in the Harry Potter and Chamber of Secret Movie Script.
The research questions of this research are : 1) what are expressive speech acts are found in the Harry Potter and Chamber Secret movie script?. 2) how are those expressive speech act syntactically realized ?.
In this research, the researcher used content analysis as the design of the research. The method to collect the data used documentation to get the data from the Harry Potter and Chamber of Secret Movie Script. The researcher used theory from George Yule to classify the expressive speech acts that were found by researcher.
From analyzed the Harry Potter and Chamber of Secret movie script, the researcher find the expressive speech act and the syntactical realization of speech act. The first result of her research, there are five kinds of expressive speech acts are like, dislike, sorrow, pleasure and pain. Like is feeling enjoy or approve of something or someone. Dislike is feeling not pleasant, attractive, or satisfactory, enjoy. Sorrow is express strong disapproval or expression to say or think that something is very bad. Pleasure is feeling enjoyment, happiness or satisfaction, or something that gives this. The last kind of expressive speech act that was found by the researcher in this movie script is joy. Joy is expression great happiness. Form the five kind of expressive speech acts that were found by researcher, dislike expressions were the most often appear in the movie script. The syntactical realization of the expressive speech acts that were found by researcher were declarative, interrogative and impressive. Most of the expressions are declarative. From the finding researcher found that the expressions that are stated in the Harry Potter and Chamber of Secret express feeling indirectly.
Finally the writer suggest the reader, student, and the future researcher who are interested with pragmatic, especially in the expressive speech act theories, to study more related references and to conduct a study about speech act especially expressive speech act form various point of view. So, the study about speech act especially expressive speech act will be develop.


The present paper describes a complet,e syst.ein for t.he recognit,ion of unconstra.ined handwrit,ten words using a Cont,inuous De1isit.y \'aria.ble Duration Hidden Markov Model ( CD\?DHMM ). First. a new segment,a.t,ion algorithm based on mat8hematical morphology [3] is used t.0 t,ransla.te t.he 2-D image int.0 1-D sequence of sub-c11aract.er symbols. This sequence of symbols is modeled by t,he CD1'DHMh.I. Generall!, there a.re t.wo information sources associa.t.ed with t.he writ,t.en t,ext. II'hile the sha.pe inforination of each character symbol is modeled a.s a. mixt,ure Gaussian distribution. t.he linguist,ic knowledge. i.e.. constra.int. is modeled as a Ma.rkov chain. In this cont,est. the variable durat.ion st,ate is used t,o take care of the segmentmation a.mbiguity ainong the consecutive chara.cters. Some esperiinent.al resu1t.s are described to demonst.rate the success of t.he proposed scheme.


This contribution proposes a simple yet elegant scheme for identifying a fractional-order dynamic system based on its observed response to a standard excitation. If the fractional powers in the transfer function are precisely known, a set of simultaneous linear equations connecting the unknown coefficient values is obtained and then solved deterministically to yield the desired estimates. In case the fractional powers are uncertain, these are estimated by formulating an optimisation problem and employing a stochastic search algorithm. Results show that the proposed method offers a high degree of accuracy even for data that are intentionally corrupted to simulate real-life conditions.