The invention provides a substrate processing system, and the system comprises an equipment front end module group, a first vacuum lock, a first transmission cavity, a second vacuum lock, a second transmission cavity, at least one first processing cavity, and at least one second processing cavity. The first vacuum lock is connected with the equipment front end module group and the first transmission cavity. The second vacuum lock is connected with the first transmission cavity and the second transmission cavity. The first processing cavity is connected with the second transmission cavity. The second processing cavity is connected with the first transmission cavity. The interior of the first transmission cavity is provided with a first mechanical arm, and the first mechanical arm is used for achieving the conveying of the substrate among the first vacuum lock, the second vacuum lock and at least one second processing cavity. The interior of the second transmission cavity is provided with a second mechanical arm, and the second mechanical arm is used for achieving the conveying of the substrate between the second vacuum lock and at least one first processing cavity. The system provided by the invention improves the substrate processing efficiency, and improves the production efficiency of a device.


A survey of some computational techniques available to the finite group theorist and a description of several outstanding problems in which the computer may prove helpful.


We present the nuclear transverse momentum broadening for Drell-Yan lepton pair production in p+A collisions at next-to-leading order (NLO) in powers of strong coupling constants. We verify that the transverse momentum weighted differential cross section in NLO perturbative QCD (pQCD) at twist-4 can be factorized into the convolution of parton distribution function of an active parton in the projectile proton, a twist-4 multiparton correlation function of the target nucleus, and perturbatively calculable hard coefficient function. Weidentify a QCD evolution equation for such a twist-4 nuclear gluon-quark correlation function, and verify its universality - its process independence. This finding demonstrates the prediction power of pQCD factorization approach for studying parton multiple scattering in nuclear medium.


Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) have shown a considerable resurgence in recent years both in number of cases and in spread of new infectious agents. The spread of STDs is favored by numerous factors including the liberalization of sexual behavior made possible by reliable contraception. Information on STDs has not been widely diffused. Changes in the status of women and the development of means of communication and transportation have encouraged less rigid control of sexual behavior. STDs themselves have often escaped diagnosis or not been cured despite treatment, increasing the risk of spread. Numerous organisms cause STDs, from external parasites to life-threatening viruses. 60% of upper genital tract infections that can lead to sterility, tubal alterations, ectopic pregnancy and pain result from STDs. Chlamydia infections are insidious and chronic, and cause greater damage with each recurrence. The risk of STDs should be considered in contraceptive choice along with other indications and contraindications. Combined oral contraceptives provide protection against acute upper genital tract infections. The protective role has been explained by scanty and highly viscous cervical mucus forming a barrier against germs and by reductions of menstrual flow, myometrial activity, and inflammation. It is actually uncertain whether combined oral contraceptives protect against latent chlamydia infections, since higher rates of cervicitis caused by chlamydia have been found in pill users. In situations carrying risk of STDs, pill users should be protected by a supplementary barrier method. IUDs have been implicated in numerous studies in acute pelvic infections. Possible explanations are the local trauma and inflammations due to the physical presence of the IUD, more abundant bleeding, absence of a cervical barrier to motile sperm that could be a vector for germs, and possible ascent of the infectious agent on the string. Other risk factors are involved. Epidemiologic studies indicate that the spermicides benzalkonium chloride and nonoxynol 9 have a protective effect against gonococcus, trichomonas, and chlamydia as well as cervical cancer. The protection is not absolute and is associated with the use of barrier methods. Condoms provide an excellent barrier against gonorrhea, chlamydia, cytomegalovirus, herpes, hepatitis B, and HIV infection. Use of spermicides may increase protection even more.


This study set out to characterize the contribution of group III metabotropic glutamate receptor 7 activation to nociceptive behaviour and mechanical hypersensitivity in a novel formalin test in sheep. The mGlu receptor 7 allosteric agonist, N,N′-dibenzhydrylethane-1,2-diamine dihydrochloride (AMN082; 2–20 mM), the nonselective group III mGlu receptor agonist L-(+)-2-amino-4-phosphonobutyric acid (0.2–20 mM) and drug vehicle were injected intrathecally into naive subjects (n=7 per group), or 5 min preformalin (3%; 0.2 ml)/saline injection (intradermal), into the lower forelimb of adult female sheep (n=5–7 per group). Forelimb withdrawal thresholds to noxious mechanical stimulation and pain behaviours (time spent nonweight bearing or flinching) were assessed for up to 180 min. Formalin induced a characteristic biphasic pain–behaviour response and mechanical hyperalgesia between 1–5 and 30–120 min postinjection. Treatment with AMN082, but not L-(+)-2-amino-4-phosphonobutyric acid significantly inhibited both early and late phase formalin-induced hyperalgesia and pain behaviours. AMN082 also induced a rapid but short lasting analgesia in naive subjects. These data suggest that enhancing endogenous metabotropic glutamate receptor 7 activity in spinal cord, using the novel allosteric modulator, AMN082, blocks pain and hyperalgesia, and may be of therapeutic benefit for the treatment of inflammatory pain.


According to characteristics of highly dynamic outburst short-frame signals in practical applications,fast acquisition of these signals is studied.And a frequency-segmentation method suitable to high dynamic environment and with short acquisition time is proposed.This method divides the bigger Doppler's frequency-shift up to some smaller frequency segments;then parallel processing is applied to each segment;then waiting-style digital correlation processing method is used to perform correlating and video accumulation;finally synchronized signal detection impulse is produced after the self-adapted threshold judgment to perform pseudo-code fast acquisition.


The action of extracellular nucleotides, specifically the ability of adenine nucleotides to induce coronary vasodilation and bradycardia, was first described more than 70 years ago ([Drury and Szent-Gyorgyi, 1929][1]). Nearly 30 years later, ADP was shown to promote platelet aggregation ([Gaarder


The main objective is to analyse the dispersion of gases emitted under different conditions of mass flow rate at the exit and ambient crossflow velocity by using software ANSYS. Main focus id to find out whether designed boiler stack can disperse atmospheric pollutants away from city or surroundings where the boiler is installed. Dispersion modelling includes means of calculating ambient ground level concentrations of emitted substances, considering the information like meteor ological data, pollutants flow rates and terrain data of area. This modelling is done to assess that the Ground level concentrations (GLC) of atmospheric pollutants owing to emissions from boiler stack are less than applicable ambient air quality standards


In this paper, a deterministic Lymphatic Filariasis (LF) model is formulated and analyzed with the aim of assessing the effect of chemoprophylaxis for the exposed individuals and treatment of symptomatic LF infections. Qualitative and quantitative analysis are implemented to determine the basic reproduction number Re necessary for the control of the diseases in the communities. The disease-free equilibrium (DFE) exists and is locally and globally asymptotically stable if Re 1 the endemic equilibrium exists and it is locally asymptotically stable. Numerical simulations are carried to complement the analytical results.


This paper proposes a methodology to predict the engineering elastic constants of 3D woven orthogonal composites based on volume averaging method. For accurate predictions, emphasis is given to accurate measurements of micro-structural data, such as fiber volume fraction, fiber volume proportion of constituent tows, and internal geometry of the composite structure-especially undulation of z-fibers. Microscopic study has been conducted in this regard. The predicted engineering elastic constants are compared against experimental data, showing a strong correlation between predicted and experimental values.


Public works decision and policy makers daily face myriad management problems. The problem of stormwater runoff management, for one, has for several decades received a great deal of attention, with much of that focused on reconciling the needs of natural watershed systems with those of the man-made physical and non-physicalsocietal systems that watersheds overlap. In other words, stormwater management has effectively been cast as a system of systems problem requiring a delicate balance among multiple natural and man-made systems. The authors propose a methodology with which stakeholders can first set and then realize expectations for stormwater management problems by using watershed- and system of systems–oriented perspectives. The methodology, Enterprise AID (assessment, improvement, and design) is particularly well suited to such a pairing of perspectives, and this article, therefore, shows how stakeholders in multiple and commonly disparate interests might best balance the stormwater management needs of watersheds and related societal constructs.


A comparative light microscopic study on the mesentric lymph node in prenatal and postnatal age groups of mice, rat and guinea pig was carried out in the present study. The lymph node is a critical cross road for encounters between the antigen presenting cells, antigenic substances from lymph and lymphocytes recruited into lymph nodes from the blood. The completely formed mesentric lymph node could be observed in the embryos of late pregnancy in guinea pigs. In the postnatal age groups, the mesentric lymph node consisted of a connective tissue capsule which varied in thickness as age advanced. The parenchyma was made up of cortex and medulla in all the age groups of the three species studied. The former had an outer and inner zone. Subcapsular sinuses were well developed. Nodules of different sizes could be observed in the outer cortex in all the species studied. Germinal centres could be recorded in the nodules of 12 month-old animals of all the species. The post capillary venules were observed in the inner cortex.


This study investigates cross-border collaboration between beef organisations in Australia and Singapore. It aims to identify factors impacting trust and technology diffusion by gauging gaps between expected importance and perceived performance rating of the factors. The research presents results of a survey comprising 69 beef organisations from Australia and Singapore. The research identifies critical gaps using two methods of analysis; validity analysis and performance gap analysis. Each method comprises two types of tests. The WarpPLS software is used to perform the validity analysis. Results indicate gaps in level of responsiveness. The research concludes that the success of cross-border collaboration between organisations in both Australia and Singapore can be better achieved through the establishment of information exchange relationships, rather than through the use of technology alone, and by ensuring compatibility between business partners.


Software systems have been long introduced as support to the early detection of melanoma through the automatic analysis of suspicious skin lesions. Nevertheless, their behavior is not yet similar to the performance exhibited by expert dermatologists in terms of diagnostic accuracy. Instead, a software system should be adopted by non-experienced dermatologists in order to improve the measurement and detection results for skin atypical patterns and the accuracy of the corresponding second opinion. This paper describes an image-based measurement and classification system able to score pigmented skin lesions according to the Seven-Point Check-list diagnostic method. Focus is devoted to the measurement procedure of biological structures more closely related to the atypical character of the nevus. Moreover, the performances of the measurement system are evaluated by considering the support to dermatologists with different experiences during the clinical activity.


OBJECTIVE
To compare patient's and physician's assessment of disease activity in a multiethnic (Hispanic, African American, and Caucasian) cohort of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients.

METHODS
Three hundred patients with SLE from the LUMINA (Lupus in Minority populations: Nature versus nurture) cohort were included. Disease activity was assessed with the Systemic Lupus Activity Measure (SLAM); patients and physicians assessed disease activity using a 10-cm anchored visual analog scale (VAS). The difference between VAS scores was termed discrepancy (>1 cm was considered a priori clinically relevant). Selected sociodemographic, clinical, behavioral, and psychological variables were examined in relation to discrepancy in univariable and multivariable models adjusting for the physician global VAS score in order to eliminate ceiling and floor effects.

RESULTS
A discrepancy was exhibited by 58% of the patients. Abnormal laboratory findings were negatively associated with discrepancy, and poor self-perceived functioning and joint involvement were positively associated with discrepancy. Ethnicity did not account for discrepant perception of disease activity.

CONCLUSION
Patients and physicians rate disease activity in SLE differently. Physicians appear to place more emphasis on laboratory features while patients place more emphasis on function.


Outlines previous research on business failure prediction models and investigates the impact of serial correlation and non‐stationarity in financial variables on models based on linear discriminant analysis, logit and cumulative sums using 1974‐1991 data from a sample of failed and non‐failed US firms, plus a similar 1992 sample. Presents and discusses the time series behaviour of the explanatory variables, the estimation of the three types of models and their error rates over time. Concludes that models based on variables with strong positive serial correlation deteriorate over time in their forecasting power; and calls for research to develop stationary models.


Few authors have lately expressed concern that their manuscripts have been severely criticized by reviewers. Indeed, any unprofessional remarks unrelated to the study should be curtailed and avoided. While the responsibility of regulating these unwarranted communications rest with the editors, it is imperative to understand the review process for the benefit of the author and reviewers and a need for a greater understanding of each other's roles. Most publications mainly follow two reviewing formats, doubleand single-blind peer review. The Indian Journal of Plastic Surgery adopts a double-blind review system that essentially maintains the anonymity of authors and reviewers throughout the review process. It enables a fair and impartial review process unaffected by the author's stature, institution, geographical location, gender, etc. The manuscript is therefore assessed solely on its merit, regardless of the reputation of the authors. On the contrary, the author's details are not concealed in a single-blind review format, relying heavily on the reviewer's integrity and goodwill to remain unbiased. Reviewers are expected to recuse themselves if there is a conflict of interest with the authors. However, it does not protect authors against reviewer bias in practice, as the author's credentials may consciously or unconsciously influence the reviewer's assessment. Reputed authors are likely to get the benefit of the doubt more readily from reviewers than a new researcher attempting to publish his work. Despite these inherent drawbacks, the single-blind format, including several highimpact publications, is widely used. Nonetheless, I believe that double-blind reviews may not be perfect, but at least it levels the playing field somewhat. It is not uncommon for a reviewer, even in a double-blind review format, tomake an educated guess about the authors. Particularly in a small research community, the author's work might be well known and presented on the podium, including their language style. More often than not, authors leave trails of their identity knowingly or unknowingly in the main manuscript. This includes self-referencing their previous study, mentioning the institution name or location, naming individuals in the acknowledgments, mentioning the ethical committee of an institution or a university, funding source, and so on. While the editorial screening excludes all files pertaining to the author's details, paying attention to every detail to filter cues about their identity is virtually impossible. I emphasize the authors' responsibility to provide clean manuscripts devoid of all sources of their identity. In both formats, however, a good peer review is expected to bebased on the objective evaluation of themanuscript and provide constructive criticism to help the authors. Assessing themanuscript section by section, identifying any significant flaws, and communicating with authors with clear language with due respect to their work are the essence of a good review. Any personal remarks or unsubstantiated opinions are undesirable and considered rude and unprofessional. Such reviews not only affect the authors' productivity but also significantly delay the publication process.1 Contrarily, undeserving compliments by a generous reviewer could render authors complacent and less serious in the remake of the manuscript. In both situations, editors perform the balancing act. While reviewersmay be aware of who the authors are, it is not necessary to assume that reviewers' comments are deliberate and personal to the authors. Having known the integrity and fairness of individual reviewers, I believe a thorough review is intended to help authors formulate suggestions for improving the manuscript. Authors should honestly re-evaluate their manuscript, be introspective and address constructive criticism in a positive manner rather than dismissing it as harsh remarks. Despite its limitations, the peer review system remains an integral part of scientific evaluation, which interrogates academic work submitted to the journal. Reviewers, our own colleagues, are the backbone of this scientific process to ensure that the quality of publishedmaterial remains high. Wemust value the time and expertise they offer without any


The quote from Thoreau "If a man does not keep step with his fellows, it may be because he hears a different drummer" might well refer to the textual expression of anthropological knowledge. I have experimented with poetry and a novel to explore concepts of vision, the anthropological gaze, and narratives of multicultural meaning. The essay combines various textual styles to analyze the different ways symbol, concepts of vision, and conflicting perceptual fields may be expressed within the discourse of anthropology.


In our work, the distributed formation issues for mobile robots are discussed. In particular, a novel adaptive even- triggered communication strategy is investigated to improve the information exchange efficiency among neighboring robots. With the aid of Lyapunov-Krasovskii method, sufficient configuration formation criterions are established by convex optimization. Subsequently, the event-triggered parameters along with formation controller parameters can be developed, respectively. At last, the validity of our proposed formation design is validated via an illustrate example.


Edited by Ruth Macklin. Cambridge University Press, 2004, pp 280 + viii, £22.99 ($39.99) (paperback). ISBN 0521541700

When scientists from the developed world conduct clinical trials in the developing world, special ethical issues arise. What is owed to experimental and control groups? Should new drugs be tested against the best current treatment, or against what is locally available—even if that is nothing? What happens …


The article touches the analysis of the existent zoning and development of principles of the price zoning of territory of city as basis of normative money appraisal of land and mass appraisal of the real estate for the aims of taxation. The worked out price zoning allows correctly to decide the row of corresponding evaluation tasks. The analysis of market value of land and real estate is executed. The map of the price zoning of the dwelling real estate is formed. The offered zoning, coming from the analysis of market value of the real estate, is got on the basis of criteria of value and can be used both for determination of  value at a mass appraisal for the aims of taxation and for the normative money appraisal of land.


A theory of viscous evolution and selection of symmetric two-dimensional dipoles is suggested, based on a combination of numerical simulations and an asymptotic analysis, where the slow time scale associated with the vorticity diffusion due to viscosity is incorporated. It is shown that viscosity first brings a dipole to an intermediate asymptotic state, which is independent of the initial conditions, and then slowly takes the dipole away from this state. We demonstrate that, among the variety of possible ideal-fluid dipole solutions, viscosity going to zero selects a unique solution, which is described to high accuracy by the elliptical dipole solution with a separatrix aspect ratio of 1.037.


Long-Reach PON (LR-PON) is a broadband access network using passive optical network (PON) technology which the reach is extended to 100 km or higher. A major challenge in LR-PON is that the propagation delay between OLT and ONUs is increased by a very significant amount. We analyze the delay performance of fixed multi-thread algorithm, which is simple and efficient, for dynamic bandwidth allocation in long reach PON. Especially, the average packet delay of the expedited forwarding (EF) traffic class is analyzed. This performance analysis reveals that fixed multi-thread algorithm for DBA in long reach PON provides predictable packet delay and improved jitter performance for the EF traffic class without the influence of load variations.


MARCH proteins are membrane‐associated Ring‐CH E3 ubiquitin ligases that dampen immune responses by downregulating cell surface expression of major histocompatibility complexes I and II as well as immune co‐stimulatory receptors. We recently showed that MARCH2,3,4 and 9 also downregulate cell surface expression of the inflammatory cytokine receptor for interleukin‐6 (IL6Rα). Here we use over‐expression of these MARCH proteins in the M1 myeloid leukaemia cell line and cell surface proteomic analyses to globally analyse other potential targets of these proteins. A large range of cell surface proteins regulated by more than one MARCH protein in addition to several MARCH protein‐specific cell surface targets were identified most of which were downregulated by MARCH expression. Prominent among these were several integrin complexes associated with immune cell homing, adhesion and migration. Integrin α4β1 (VLA4 or VCAM‐1 receptor) was downregulated only by MARCH2 and we showed that in MARCH2 knockout mice, Integrin α4 was upregulated specifically in mature B‐lymphocytes and this was accompanied by decreased numbers of B‐cells in the spleen.


Objective To explore the curative effect of the combined use of xuezhikang and benazepril hydrochloride on diabetic nephrosis(DN).Methods 140 cases of early and clinical diabetic nephrosis were classified in the treatment group of 90 cases and the contrast group of 50 cases according to their sex,age and the duration of illness.The contrast group was treated with benazepril hydrochloride,1mg a day,as well as diet and blood-sugar control through insulin or glurenorm application.The treatment group was treated with the combined use of xuezhikang and benazepril hydrochloride.The treatment group underwent two courses of treatment,3 months as a course.The levels of fasting blocd glucose(FBG),total cholesterol(TCH),triglyceride(TG),high density lipoprotein (HDL),blood urinary nitrogen(BUN),blood creatine (Cr) and the urinary albumin excretion rate (UAER) were contrasted before and after treatment .Results The levels of FBG,TCH and TG were found much lower in the treatment group than those in the contrast group(t=3.08,10.57,or 17.8;P0.01).The level of HDL was much higher in the treatment group than the contrast one(t=5.62,P0.01).There existed no significant difference in the levles of BUN and Cr between the two groups (t=0.68,0.122;P0.05).The UAER was much lower in the treatment group of early diabetes(t=4.88,P0.01).Conclusion Xuezhikang can be used to reduce UAER of patients with DN and has such functions as the protection of kidney and the prevention and retarding of early DN.


The advancement of communication and information technology is increasing rapidly. Utilization of the Internet is an inseparable part of people's lives, so that many companies use internet services for both personal and business activities. The e-commerce business is Tokopedia. The reason of this take a look at is to decide and examine the influence of hedonic buying motivation, shopping way of life, positive emotion, and variety of selection on impulse searching for in Tokopedia online shop. The population in this study are consumers who use the Tokopedia application. The sample used turned into 100 respondents. The sampling technique is non opportunity sampling method. The method used is purposive sampling. The trying out tool used is SPSS. The test stages executed had been validity test, reliability test, normality take a look at, multicollinearity take a look at, heteroscedasticity take a look at, a couple of linear regression test, t test, F test, and coefficient of determination. The results of this study indicate that partially hedonic buying motivation, shopping way of life, positive emotion and variety of selection on impulse searching for in Tokopedia online shop. Simultaneously hedonic buying motivation, shopping way of life, positive emotion and variety of selection on impulse searching for in Tokopedia online shop.


The red nucleus, recognized as a part of the niesencephalic reticular formation (Carpenter, 'St;), has heen distinguished as an entity because of specific anatoniical characteristics. The central position of this structure within the rncsencephalic tegmentum, i ts color [said to be due to particular vascularity (Hougli and Wolff', '39)], and its "capsule" (formed by fibers of the brachium conjunctivunl wliicli surrouiid and traverse i t) , have served to sharply define this nucleus. The efferent fiber projections of this single reticular nucleus appear to bear striking rcscmblances to those of the total reticular formation. While most cellular groups of the reticular formation project both ascending and descending axoizs within the brain stem, local areas within the reticular formation appear to be the principal origins of either long ascending fibers (pontine arid mesenceplzalic reticular formation) or long descending fibers (pontine and medullary reticular formation). The red nucleus is distinctive among nuclei of the reticular formation not only because it projects efferent fibers into spinal segments below the thoracic levels, where reticulospinal fibers have not been identified (Rodian, '46 ; Van Beusekom, '55; Brodal, 5 7 ) , but because parts of the nucleus also project significant fiber bundles to brain stem


Background & Objective: The relationship between vitamin D 3 and risk factors of metabolic syndrome is unclear. This study aimed to investigate the vitamin D 3 kevel of women and its relation with metabolic syndrome risk factors. Materials & methods: A cross-sectional study conducted between 200 healthy women aged 20 to 50 in two groups of normal BMI (BMI=18.5-24.9 kg/m 2 ) and overweight/obese group (BMI≥25 kg/m 2 ) who did not use mineral and vitamin supplementation. A fasting blood sample after 10 to 12 hour collected for fasting blood glucose, triglyceride, HDL-cholesterol and vitamin D 3 (25 OH D 3 ) and weight, height, waist circumference, systolic and diastolic blood pressure were measured. Results: The mean of 89 obese subjects and 76 normal weight ones were 36±9 years old. The mean of 25 hydroxy vitamin D 3 was not significantly different between the two groups; 22.3±19.9 ng/ml for normal weight group and 16.5±11.4 ng/ml for the obese one (p=0.31). HDL-cholesterol (r=.25, p<0.05) and waist circumference (r=-.14, p<0.05) were related to vitamin D 3 levels significantly which repeated after BMI (body mass index) adjustment Conclusion: The results indicated that although the total amount of vitamin D3 were not significantly different between the two groups but more than 80 percent of women in both groups were deficient in vitamin D3 which is a noteworthy issue based on the findings of the study.


A new method for the synthesis of poly(5-methyl-5-allyloxylcarbonyl-trimethylene carbonate)(PMAC) catalyzed by the immobilized lipase on porous silica beads was reported.The polymers obtained were characterized by ~(1)H NMR,~(13)C NMR and GPC.The factors affecting the polymerization such as reaction temperature and reaction time were investigated.Under the strict control of temperature at(75℃) and reaction time of 120 min,targeted linear polymers PMAC with M_n 34 700(M_(w) 53 800) and polydisperity(1.55) could be obtained.Further functionalization of PMAC by epoxidization was also reported.The epoxidization reaction had been performed completely with the reaction time of 12 h.


This paper presents a portable, privacy-preserving, in-browser platform for the reproducible assessment of mutational signature detection methods from sparse sequencing data generated by targeted gene panels. The platform aims to address the reproducibility challenges in mutational signature research by adhering to the FAIR principles, making it findable, accessible, interoperable, and reusable. Our approach focuses on the detection of specific mutational signatures, such as SBS3, which have been linked to specific mutagenic processes. The platform relies on publicly available data, simulation, downsampling techniques, and machine learning algorithms to generate training data and labels and to train and evaluate models. The key achievement of our platform is its transparency, reusability, and privacy preservation, enabling researchers and clinicians to analyze mutational signatures with the guarantee that no data circulates outside the client machine.


The problem on motion of two spheres of variable radii in an ideal liquid is considered. Spheres are near to contact. However, derivatives in co‐ordinates have logarithmic divergence at a small split between spheres. Because of this we have difficulties of calculations of motion of spheres on the Lagrange equations near to contact. To overcome them by the specially developed method, the asymptotic decomposition of series is searched in case of a small split between spheres. Asymptotic decomposition of coefficients of kinetic energy is calculated in this way.


Background: Limited evidence is available on the regeneration of and functional changes to remnant pancreas after pancreatectomy. Therefore, we investigated the correlation between changes in volume and endocrine function in the remnant pancreas.

Methods: Ninety patients undergoing pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD) and 45 undergoing distal pancreatectomy (DP) from January 2009 to December 2017 were included in this prospective study. Computed tomography was used to determine the volume of remnant pancreas 3 months, 1 year, and 2 years after pancreatectomy.

Findings: The remnant pancreas volume compared to the initial residual pancreas was 80·79%, 68·67%, and 65·34% in the PD patients (p<0·001), and 106·25%, 106·62%, and 110·43% (p=0·019) in the DP patients at 3 months, 1 year, and 2 years, respectively. The DP patients had a higher incidence of new-onset diabetes than PD patients (33·3% vs. 22·7%). In addition, PD patients had more pancreatic duct dilatation with severe atrophy of the remnant pancreas (p=0·027), whereas DP patients had better pancreas regeneration (p=0·084) with spleen preservation. The changes in pancreas volume did not correlate with postoperative new-onset diabetes. Interestingly, the PD group had significantly greater restoration of endocrine function based on secretion of C-peptide.

Interpretation: Pancreatic regeneration is more predominant after DP than PD. The distal portion of the pancreas had greater restoration capacity, corresponding with a lower rate of new-onset diabetes.

Funding Statement: The study was supported by Taiwan Ministry of Science and Technology (MOST108-2321-B-006-014), Ministry of Health and Welfare (MOHW 107-TDU-B-212-114026A), and HSU-YUAN Education Foundation (HY-2018-001).

Declaration of Interests: The authors reported no conflict of interest.

Ethics Approval Statement: IRB approved by the Institutional Review Board of the National Cheng Kung University Hospital (approval number of B-ER-108-312).


SN hyperechogenicity (SN+), determined by transcranial sonography, has been proposed as a risk factor for Parkinson's disease (PD). Recently, we reported a 17.4‐fold increased risk for PD in individuals with SN+ older than 50 years within 3 years.


There are a valve means (10) for a sanitary fitting having at least two relatively movable control members (30, 32) described in which at least two feed channels (16, 18) and at least one control channel (42) are formed. The control channel (42) in dependence on the relative position of the control members (30, 32) for a communication between at least one of the inflow channels (16, 18) and at least one outlet channel (38) designed. According to a first aspect of the invention, an auxiliary channel (40) in the valve means (10) is provided, which is in a permanent, communicating connection with the control channel (42), thereby independently of the relative position of the control members (30, 32) has a communicating connection the auxiliary channel (40) with at least one of the inflow channels (16, 18) is ensured. According to a further aspect of the invention, a sanitary fixture is provided with at least one cold water inlet port and at least one hot water inlet port, comprising a valve device according to the invention (10).


Abstract Pasture production was measured at Invermay over 3 years in an experiment with 6 different cutting frequencies (which included cutting decisions based on either height or time) and 2 cutting severities. Infrequent cutting outyielded frequent cutting, especially in the spring and early summer. During the dry summer-autumn period a cutting frequency of between 4 and 6 weeks appeared optimal except in a very dry year. A cutting decision based on mean pasture height was better related to the pattern of pasture growth than a decision involving cutting at regular intervals. Cutting to 3 cm consistently outyielded treatments cut to 6 cm.


In the past several years, the interest in research like generating humanoid descriptions of scenarios by detecting and analyzing their components has been increased tremendously. Even though a significant amount of research has been put into automating the process of converting visual information into written representation, some languages, such as Bangla, which have a limited amount of resources, continue to be quite unfocused due to a lack of standard datasets. In order to resolve this issue, we have introduced a new dataset named "Biboron", in which we manually gathered information in Bangla of images extracted from the widely available Flickr30k dataset that were then post-processed and examined for quality assurance. "Biboron" contains 1,58,915 distinct sentences describing 31,783 images which further specifies the versatile nature of the dataset. Furthermore, we have presented two models in order to enhance the automated extraction of visual information from images and represent in Bangla. The first model includes Local Attention, whilst the second model is based on Multi-Head Attention with Transformers. The image feature extractor of the models utilized VGG16, while bidirectional LSTM backed by CuDNN was used in the decoder network. The BLEU scores suggest that the second model appears to outperform the first one in terms of generating more relevant textual representations from images by achieving BLEU-1, BLEU -2, BLEU -3, BLEU -4 scores of 0.78, 0.53, 0.37, 0.21 respectively


KEMI-TORNIO UNIVERSITY OF APPLIED SCIENCES Degree programme: Business Information Technology Writer: Guo, Shuhang Thesis title: Analysis and evaluation of similarity metrics in collaborative filtering recommender system Pages (of which appendix): 62 (1) Date: May 15, 2014 Thesis instructor: Ryabov, Vladimir This research is focused on the field of recommender systems. The general aims of this thesis are to summary the state-of-the-art in recommendation systems, evaluate the efficiency of the traditional similarity metrics with varies of data sets, and propose an ideology to model new similarity metrics. The literatures on recommender systems were studied for summarizing the current development in this filed. The implementation of the recommendation and evaluation was achieved by Apache Mahout which provides an open source platform of recommender engine. By importing data information into the project, a customized recommender engine was built. Since the recommending results of collaborative filtering recommender significantly rely on the choice of similarity metrics and the types of the data, several traditional similarity metrics provided in Apache Mahout were examined by the evaluator offered in the project with five data sets collected by some academy groups. From the evaluation, I found out that the best performance of each similarity metric was achieved by optimizing the adjustable parameters. The features of each similarity metric were obtained and analyzed with practical data sets. In addition, an ideology by combining two traditional metrics was proposed in the thesis and it was proven applicable and efficient by the metrics combination of Pearson correlation and Euclidean distance. The observation and evaluation of traditional similarity metrics with practical data is helpful to understand their features and suitability, from which new models can be created. Besides, the ideology proposed for modeling new similarity metrics can be found useful both theoretically and practically.


Emerging photonic solutions hold the promise to transform avionics capabilities. Photonically enabled sensors and sources based on high-performance EO modulators and photodiode detectors exhibit extraordinary bandwidth and tunability. Photonic phased arrays possess unique capabilities to perform real-time, analog correlations in the optical domain via simple coherent interference, i.e. imaging. TCA antennas, directly fed by optical fibers and integrated into LCP-based platforms, will allow sensing and high-performance communications to be conformally integrated into airframes, while minimizing SWaP.


The study was conducted to determine the problem solving skills with peer support of nursing and midwifery students. This descriptive and cross-sectional study was conducted with a total of 305 students. The data were collected using student information form, Problem Solving Inventory and Peer Cooperation Scale. Students' peer support and problem-solving skills are moderate. 1st classes in the nursing department, 2nd classes in the midwifery department, those who choose the profession because they feel close to themselves in both departments and those who are satisfied with their department, those who have authoritarian families in the nursing department and, those who have democratic and extremely relevant families in the midwifery department of students peer support scores are high. Men and 3rd classes in the nursing department, , 1st and 2nd classes in the midwifery department, those who chose their department for their family request in both departments and are not satisfied with their department, those who have authoritarian families in the nursing departmen, those who have irrelevant families in the midwifery department of students problem-solving scores are high. While there was no significant relationship between the nursing student's problem solving and peer support total scores, a negative correlation was found between the midwifery students' problem solving and peer support total scores. It was determined that the peer support and problem solving skills of the students were at a moderate level, the problem solving skills of the nursing students and the peer support of the midwifery students were higher. It was determined that the department, class, satisfaction with the department, reason for department preference and the family structure affected the peer support and problem solving skills.


Personal protective equipment is one way that workers can use to protect part or all of their body from potential hazards to health and work accidents. Farmers are workers who need PPE when working, especially when handling toxic pesticides. Lobong Village is a village whose people work as farmers who also use pesticides to control plant-disturbing organisms. The application of pesticides without using proper personal protective equipment can increase the risk of pesticide poisoning. With counseling about the importance of using personal protective equipment for farmers, it is hoped that the risk of pesticide poisoning can be minimized so that the health and work productivity of farmers can increase.


Recent research usually models POS tagging as a sequential labeling problem, in which only local context features can be used. Due to the lack of morphological inflections, many tagging ambiguities in Chinese are difficult to handle unless consulting larger contexts. In this paper, we try to improve Chinese POS tagging by using long-distance dependencies produced by a statistical dependency parser. Experimental results show that, despite error propagation, the syntactic features can significantly improve the tagging accuracy from 93.88% to 94.41% (p < 10 −5 ). Detailed analysis shows that these features are helpful for ambiguous pairs like {NN,VV} and {DEC,DEG}. 1


The polypyrimidine tract binding protein (PTB) represses the inclusion of many neuron‐specific exons. Upon neuronal differentiation, cells lose PTB and upregulate a neuron‐specific paralog, nPTB. The switch in expression from PTB to nPTB controls a program of alternative splicing in the developing brain involving exons that affect proteins involved in cytoskeletal assembly, protein trafficking, synapse formation, and neuronal survival. The role of this splicing program in neuronal development is not well understood. To investigate the in vivo function of nPTB and its targets in neurons, we generated a conditional knockout mouse of nPTB, using the Cre/Lox methodology. Splice‐junction microarray analysis and RT‐PCR identified many alternatively spliced exons that are misregulated in nPTB knockout brains. We are examining the cause of neuronal death in these mice. We are also studying the mechanism of splicing regulation by PTB in an in vitro splicing system. PTB binds to sequences flanking an exon to prevent its splicing in non‐neuronal cell extracts. We find that PTB blocks splice site pairing interactions required for formation of the spliceosomal B complex. We are currently examining the interactions of PTB that may mediate this effect on splicing complex assembly.


The care of people with intellectual disability has evolved, at an increasing pace, down
through the centuries. Attitudes have changed from that of shame and the hiding away
of people with intellectual disability from the general community, to one of open
discussion of their needs. Nowadays their participation in the local community is being
encouraged to the maximum. However, there are still many areas of service delivery
which fall short of that considered necessary for the optimum care of those with
intellectual disability.
This study was undertaken against a background of increasing awareness of the
importance of the integration of individuals with .intellectual disability into the general
community. It is desirable that health services should be matched to the local health
needs. These services should be developed in a structured and orderly manner as
resources become available and be based on objectively compiled data. The findings
of the study should be of value to those with responsibility for planning residential and
community services for those with intellectual disability both in the South Eastern
Health Board region and nationally.


The present paper reports the successful development of a straightforward clay organo-modification protocol named "Shear Induced Clay Organo-modification" process, or SICO. To develop such a fast process, natural montmorillonite has been organo-modified with cationic starch (surfactant) under shearing. According to the obtained results, this process allows the preparation of a pre-exfoliated montmorillonite, organo-modified by cationic starch (OMMT-CS). Then, the OMMT-CS has been dispersed into different plasticized starch-based plastics, varying the polysaccharide botanical source, to obtain nano-biocomposites displaying an exfoliated morphology. To establish the efficiency of this protocol and highlight this nano-structuration, uniaxial tensile tests have been performed on these materials. The mechanical properties have been compared with those obtained with nano-biocomposites elaborated with OMMT-CS prepared with the conventional and efficient Exfoliation/Adsorption technique. Since comparable properties are obtained, we assume that the SICO process is a powerful technique to easily and quickly organo-modify the montmorillonite clay and to obtain exfoliated nano-biocomposites. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


The co-efficients of Cascade and Parallel Programmed Low-pass Recursive Digital Filter based on the least square-error criterion are obtained using the Fletcher and Powell and Fletcher and Reeves methods of non-linear optimization techniques. The results obtained therein are subjected to constraints as suggested by Steiglitz. Flow chart used is given. Performance characteristics are obtained from the designed values in each of the configurations and optimization techniques for the single section (second order) and double section (fourth order) filter. Time taken for the design in each of these cases by the computer IBM System 360/44 are noted. They are compared.


The invention provides a method for forming micro-texture in a composite mode on the inner surface of a cylinder sleeve through laser. The method comprises the following steps: step (1), a femtosecond laser device is used for processing a needed microcosmic shape on the inner surface of the cylinder sleeve; and step (2), a nanosecond laser device is used for strengthening the area of the microcosmic shape processed in the step (1) through laser shock waves. Under the condition of dry friction, micro-concave surface texture can be used as a storage device for storing wear particles to reduce abrasive wear and furrows on the friction surface, and therefore the wear rate is lowered. The laser shock waves can eliminate residual tension after the micro-texture is formed on the inner surface of the cylinder sleeve, and therefore deep residual compressive stress is formed, grain refinement is enabled to be more uniform, the hardness, the abrasive resistance and the anti-fatigue performance of the cylinder sleeve are improved, and the service life of the cylinder sleeve is prolonged. The invention further provides a device for forming the micro-texture in the composite mode on the inner surface of the cylinder sleeve through the laser at the same time.


Objective To perform urodynamic test of female beagle stress urinary incontinence model, explore the proper way of the urodynamic test and analyse the outcome of the test. Methods A total of 9 1-year-old female beagles received urodynamic test before operation, then they received the operation to be made models for stress urinary incontinence and received urodynamic test again 4 weeks after the operation. Results The maximum urethral closure pressure(MUCP) of normal and incontinent beagles were (47.0 ± 15.6)cmH2O and (28.6 ± 11.9) cmH2O, the abdominal leak point pressure(ALPP) of normal and incontinent beagles were (131.9 ± 24.1)cmH2O and (74.0 ± 10.6)cmH2O, and the continence area of normal and incontinent beagles were (659.6 ± 208.7)cmH2O· mm and (286.5 ± 158.5)cmH2O·mm. Conclusion The urodynamic test for female beagle is feasible, the change of MUCP, ALPP, and continence area show that the urinary continence ability weakened in incontinent beagles.


Detecting anomalous traffic is a critical task for advanced Internet management. The traditional approaches based on Principal Component Analysis (PCA) are effective only when the corruption is caused by small additive i.i.d. Gaussian noise. The recent Direct Robust Matrix Factorization (DRMF) is proven to be more robust and accurate in anomaly detection, but it incurs a high computation cost due to its need of singular value decomposition (SVD) for low-rank matrix approximation and the iterative use of SVD execution to find the final solution. To enable the anomaly detection for large traffic matrix with the use of DRMF, we formulate the low-rank matrix approximation problem as a problem of searching for the subspace to project the traffic matrix with the minimum error. We propose a novel approach, LSH-subspace, for fast low-rank matrix approximation. To facilitate the matrix partition for the quick search of the subspace, we propose several novel techniques: a multi-layer locality sensitive hashing (LSH) table to reorder the OD pairs based on LSH function, a partition principle to guide the partition to minimize the projection error, and a lightweight algorithm to exploit the sparsity of the outlier matrix to update the LSH table at low overhead. Our extensive simulations based on real trace data demonstrate that our LSH-subspace is 3 times faster than DRMF with high anomaly detection accuracy.


By dynamic analysis of CO exhaust concentration gradient,at the angle of description of automobile tail gas distribution differential equation,by using the distributed character of high-velocity flowing gas effluxed from the constant diameter discharge dute and by combination of mathematics model and experiment,according to the critical value of harmful extent to persons,modeling based on establishing mass distribution function of gas,this paper derives the harmful distance of gaseous effluent in theory.By using tail gas flowing theory to describe dynamic process of tail gas exhaust,it also provides the scientific basis in theory to design scientifically the catalytic converter,to analyze quantitatively ratio of harmful tail gas and to draw out scientific operation regulations for serviceman.


The core of this book consists of essays originally posted on the blog of the Cold War and Internal Security (CWIS) Collection, belonging to Academic Library Services, East Carolina University. The end result is a collection of 24 self-contained chapters, organized into five chronological/topical sections, covering various aspects of the efforts of the House Un-American Activities Committee (HUAC) and other 20th Century congressional committees investigating real or alleged subversion. These entries have been revised, updated, and merged as needed. There is also an introductory essay that explores the broader history of congressional countersubversive investigations. Each brief essay contains its own list of sources. The entries span a variety of topics from the birth of congressional countersubversive investigations in the First World War and aftermath of the Bolshevik Revolution, all the way up to Russian election influence efforts in 2016-2020, and congressional investigations of white nationalism. Topics covered in-between include the origins of the House Un-American Activities Committee, the tragic injustice that was the internment of Japanese-Americans in World War Two, various aspects of McCarthyism and the Red Scare, especially the role of congressional committees such as HUAC, the 1960 Martin/Mitchell affair, the Black Panthers, and aspects of the broader Cold War espionage and political/information struggle. This volume is intended to provide an overview and guide to further research for students, members of the public, and professional scholars.


The aim of this paper is to   introduce   and study  a new  class   c 0 (( S , ||. , .||), F , )   of 2-normed space  valued vector sequences using Orlicz function as a generalization of the basic space c 0 of all  converging  sequences. Beside the  investigation pertaining to  the  linear space  structures of  the class c 0 (( S , ||. , .||), F , )  with some  topological properties, our primarily interest is to explore the containment relation  of  the class c 0 (( S , ||. , .||), F , ) in terms of different values of .  Keywords: Sequence space, Normal Space , 2- normed Space, Orlicz Function, Orlicz Space.  2010 AMS Subject Classification : Primary - 46A45 , Secondary - 46B 15


Seismometers deployed on the Moon by the Apollo astronauts from 1969 to 1972 detected moonquakes and impacts, and added to our understanding of the lunar interior. Several lunar missions are currently being planned, including the Commercial Lunar Payload Services (CLPS), the Lunar Geophysical Network, and the astronaut program Artemis. We propose a microseismometer for the Moon: the Silicon Seismic Package (SSP). The SSP's sensors are etched in silicon, and are predicted to have a noise floor below 2×10−10(ms−2)/Hz between 0.3 and 3 Hz (similar to the Apollo instruments between 0.3 and 0.5 Hz, and better than Apollo above 0.5 Hz). The SSP will measure horizontal and vertical motion with the three sensors in a triaxial configuration. The instrument is robust to high shock and vibration and has an operational range from −80°C to +60°C, allowing deployment under harsh conditions. The first-generation version of this sensor, the SEIS-SP, was deployed on Mars in 2018 as part of the InSight mission's seismic package. We will reconfigure the seismometer for the lower gravity of the Moon. We estimate that a single SSP instrument operating for one year would detect around 74 events above a signal-to-noise ratio of 2.5, as well as an additional 500+ above the noise floor. A mission lasting from lunar dawn until dusk, carried on a CLPS lander, could test the instrument in situ, and provide invaluable information for an extensive future network.


Single-phase ground fault is one of the main reasons in distribution network fault. The fault line selection is the key step of fault location. In this paper, Db4 transform is used to decompose and reconstruct the fault bus zero-sequence voltage and the zero-sequence current of each feeder in five layers, which respectively extracts the high-frequency component wavelet coefficients and low-frequency component wavelet coefficients to determine the fault occurrence time and fault occurrence line. In order to verify the effectiveness of the method, a distribution network simulation model was built in Matlab/Simulink, and the results verified the practicability of the method.


The understanding of chemical association between natural organic matter (NUM) and clay minerals is of paramount importance to predict the long term stability of host rock formations for deep geological nuclear waste repositories. Synchrotron-based soft X-ray spectromicroscopy demonstrates a strong association between K-rich clay phases (illite) and NOM in the Callovo-Oxfordian argillite (Meuse-Haute Marne, or MHM site, France) and a weaker association in the Opalinus clay (Benken, Switzerland). C(ls) spectra show no significant depth dependent variation in the MHM site 1447-516m). Alteration experiments under oxidizing conditions and high pH of the Callovo-Oxfordian clay indicate a passivation of chemically reactive sites by NOM that is responsible for the kinetic hindered clay dissolution/ transformation. These experiments lead to a significant release of humic/fulvic acid colloids in the alkaline solution with time dependent variation in size and functional group content.


Web 2.0 offers free tools that support the development of communication skills and high order thinking. One of these tools is VoiceThread , a web-based application that enables users to establish asynchronous conversations, while using an easy and attractive interface. This paper presents the results of a case study that tried to understand how the learning of oral skills occurs, using VoiceThread as a complement to the English as a Foreign Language classes.


Inferring trust relations between social media users is critical for a number of applications wherein users seek credible information. The fact that available trust relations are scarce and skewed makes trust prediction a challenging task. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first work on exploring representation learning for trust prediction. We propose an approach that uses only a small amount of binary user-user trust relations to simultaneously learn user embeddings and a model to predict trust between user pairs. We empirically demonstrate that for trust prediction, our approach outperforms classifier-based approaches which use state-of-the-art representation learning methods like DeepWalk and LINE as features. We also conduct experiments which use embeddings pre-trained with DeepWalk and LINE each as an input to our model, resulting in further performance improvement. Experiments with a dataset of ~356K user pairs show that the proposed method can obtain a high F-score of 92.65%.


Bipolar Affective [Mood] Disorders are a class of psychiatric disorders that are the most distressing either from the point of view of patients [as in depressive phase] or from that of the caregivers [as in manic counterpart].These disorders have potential remission inbuilt in their defining criteria [American Psychiatric Association, 2000; World Health Association, 2002].They also are recognized as the psycho-behavioral disorders that are the most well studied ones from the point of view of efficacy of pharmacotherapy. Lithium Carbonate was the first drug that demonstrated its therapeutic and prophylactic potential against recurring Bipolar Affective [Mood] Disorder. Over the years, many new molecules have been examined regarding their thymoleptic properties and a huge literature has gathered. In the other vein, data regarding individual-based and family-based psycho-social interventions have also accumulated. There is a compelling need to review all such data to see where we stand as far as global scientific database is concerned. Simultaneously, we also need to see from the point of view of our country i.e. whether and how our unique circumstances suggest any differences to be considered in management of Bipolar Affective [Mood] Disorders in India. The foregoing introduction summarizes the intention of this review. It should be emphasized that observations and opinions made in this review are only general guidelines and the exact and the best treatment strategies in an individual case have to be based on a number of considerations unique to that case. Further, the data reviewedprincipally pertain to the pharmacological management and refers to the adult population unless specified otherwise. The abbreviation 'BPAD' has been repeatedly used in this paper to represent the term 'Bipolar Affective Disorders'.


As the mean age of the U.S. population increases, is stroke incidence also increasing? To study long-term trends in stroke incidence and severity,


Objective: To evaluate the liver function,Coagulation Function and the effects of transcatheter aneria1 chemoembolization(TACE) on patients with primary hepatocellular carcinoma(PHC) combining with different type of posthepatitic cirrhosis.Methods: 131 patients diagnosed as primary hepatocellular carcinoma(PHC) combining with different type of posthepatitic cirrhosis by TACE in our department from August 2007 to August 2009 were included in this study.The patients were divided into two groups: these cases with(PHC) combining with liver cirrhosis with chronic hepatitis B in group1,liver cirrhosis with chronic hepatitis C in group 2.Follow-up 1 year for the clinical and laboratory data(include ALT,AST,GGT,ALP,PT,PLT) and the overall survival rates.Chi-square statistics,Kaplan-Meier and Log-rank method were used to determine factors and survival rates by SPSS17.0.Results: The statistics results by 1 year follow-up shows that there was no significant difference in AST,ALT,ALP,GGT,PT,PLT six months and one year after TACE(P0.05);the distant metastasis rate of six months and 1 year has no significant difference in two groups(P0.05),0.841).For group 1,six months and 1 year overall survival rates were 70.1%,48.1%,respectively,for group 2,they were 68.5%,58.9%,respectively.There was not significant difference in six months and 1 year survival rates between 2 groups(X2=0.039,P=0.884;X2=0.183,P=0.669).Conclusions: The efficacy of liver function,Coagulation Function and prognosis of TACE for PHC combining with liver cirrhosis with chronic hepatitis B or C were similar.


Effects of different parameters on the electromagnetic repulsion mechanism are analyzed in order to design an effective high speed contact mechanism. The mathematical model of the electro-magnetic repulsion mechanism is established and a finite elements simulation software is used to calculate the repulsion force of the electro-magnetic repulsion mechanism. Simulation results show the effects of different parameters on the electro-magnetic repulsion mechanism. A high speed contact mechanism is designed for DC320V/3kA hybrid switch. Experimental results show that the mechanism is able to separate within 220us, and it takes 7.6ms for 20mm contact gap. It meets the demand of hybrid switch for high reaction speed and high motion speed.


TiO2 thin films were prepared form a TiO2 sol by microwave heating.The Results showed that TiO2 thin films prepared by microwave heating presented higher photocatalytic activity than that obtained by conventional heating.The optimal heating time of microwave radiation and microwave power were 4 mins and medium-low fire.Also TiO2 thin films could be reusing.


The article presents of experimental and theoretical results on reinforced concrete structures subjected to bending with torsion under dynamic load. The relevance of this research is justified by the lack of experimental and theoretical data and a methodology for calculating these structures. The methodology of experimental research is given and methods are developed for determining the parameters characterizing bending with torsion. New data on the behavior of reinforced concrete structures under dynamic loading are presented in the paper. A high-speed camera makes possible to trace the formation of spatial section and cracking. The analysis of experimental results shows that this occurs when the longitudinal reinforcement reaches the yield strength. A method for calculating bending with torsion under dynamic loading is proposed based on the determination of equivalent stresses in the longitudinal reinforcement and comparing them with the maximum stress value corresponding to the development of plastic deformations in reinforcing steel. The theoretical results are in good agreement with the experimental.


In this paper, we propose a general object detection framework which combines the hidden Markov model with the discriminative random fields. Recent object detection algorithms have achieved impressive results by using graphical models, such as Markov random field. These models, however, have only been applied to two dimensional images. In many scenarios, video is the directly available source rather than images, hence an important information for detecting objects has been omitted - the temporal information. To demonstrate the importance of temporal information, we apply graphical models to the task of text detection in video and compare the result of with and without temporal information. We also show the superiority of the proposed models over simple heuristics such as median filter over time


It was thought in this thesis that logical proving,as human's thinking form,is not only the method of knowing,(understanding) and grasping things,but also the important tool of seeking truth,arguing and testing knowledge and guiding practice.Besides that it also has the corresponding function.


Low-level skills such as walking and kicking are always the focus of work in recent years, which are the key factor in winning the game. However, as the RoboCup3D soccer league develops rapidly, the high-level strategy is taking its role and becoming a nonnegligible point. With the emergence and widespread use of the long pass technology, any space which are not watched for on the field can become a potential threat to be scored. As to best prevent opponents from scoring, this paper proposes a role assignment with priority using Kuhn-Munker algorithm, which can effienciently solve this problem and provide great flexibility and mobility for the team's tactical switch at the same time.


Thin films of hard, diamond-like, carbon have been deposited on glass, silicon and sapphire substrates using three different ion beam deposition techniques: (a) ion beam sputter-deposition from a graphite target, (b) sputter-deposition with simultaneous bombardment of the growing film using a second ion beam, (c) primary ion deposition using a beam extracted from an Ar-hydrocarbon plasma. Structural, mechanical optical and electrical properties were measured. It was found that the hydrogen content controlled the internal (compressive) stress and that relatively stress-free films contained ,∼ 30 atomic % H (average). The H content could be correlated with the H/C arrival ratio from the gas phase. Optical absorption and luminescence measurements gave a band gap of '∼, 1 ev with band-tailing. Resistivity measurements and their temperature dependence fitted variable range hopping models. Hardnesses were ≿ 7 Mohs. The properties of the films were consistent with a mixture of sp 3 and sp 2 bonds in an amorphous, hydrogenated structure.


We consider the solution of a scalar Helmholtz equation where the potential (or index) takes two positive values, one inside a ball of radius " and another one outside. In this short paper, we report that the results recently obtained in the two dimensional case in (1) can be easily extended to three dimensions. In particular, we provide sharp estimates of the size of the scattered field caused by this ball inhomogeneity, for any frequencies and any contrast. We also provide a broadband estimate, that is, a uniform bound for the scattered field for any contrast, and any frequencies outside of a set which tends to zero with ".


Madame Bovary by Flaubert,a great French litterateur in the 19th century,was introduced into China in 1925 as Flaubert's representative work.It was first translated by Li Jieren,a young scholar studying in France at that time,who was later known as Sichuan local writer and "Da-he" novelist.Although Li Jieren contributed significantly to the Chinese people for their realization and understanding of writing characteristics and realism style of literature creation reflected in Flaubert's work,his translated books and literary works have been overlooked and underestimated for a long time.The present article aims to present a brief analysis and comparison of Li Jieren's representative Ripples in the Stagnant Water and Flaubert's Madame Bovary in order to find out the acceptance features in literature by Li Jieren.


Abstract : This report documents a study of the implementation of Computer-Aided Ship Design and Construction (CASDAC) techniques in the Navy and in shipyards building Navy ships. Problems associated with implementation are discussed and several alternative implementation strategies are proposed. These strategies are analyzed for effectiveness in solving implementation problems. (Author)


Consumer problem refers to various facts of consumers being cheated and consumers' interest being harmed in the activity of market economy. Consumer problem has great harmfulness to social production, rules of market trade, market demand, market regulating mechanism and so on.


Abstract The purpose of Digital Library system is collection of electronic objects. The "authorities" module runs the entire mechanism for fetching the authority data from the remote server. The study explores mechanisms for integration activities behind the authority control and practical evaluation. This study has been done on the publicly accessible online library OPAC through Google Form tools. It demonstrates that all authority control tools can manage several headings than just one or a few. The research seeks explanation through systematically searching observations of Online OPAC databases for studies of authority control. According to the findings, AuthorityBox is a Koha add-on that enhances the system's functionality. It complies with VIAF identifiers and other MARC21 authority data to compliance with RDA Cataloguing Guidelines. The open source integrated library system Koha enables easy authority import into the ILS-OPAC search engine. Statistically, Haringhata Mahavidyalaya, West Bengal, India used the most authority terms, with 24,820 personal names and 53,256 topical terms. This study reviews the many recommendations and techniques for designing a library discovery authority framework. It also focuses on the software and standards for integrating VIAF with Koha, VuFind, and Google Custom Search Engine for importing authority data from other libraries via the Z39.50 server.


coalitions and an inventory of social problems, presidents are reluctant to commit passionately to the issues that movements press, and they are often unable to deliver what activists want anyway. They must be forced, by political pressure and exigent circumstances, to take action even on issues they care deeply about. The case of Abraham Lincoln, who allowed himself to be dragged to abolition, is a signal example. Presidents want the political support that movement activists can offer. Movements turn out people willing to march, vote, contribute money, and encourage their neighbors to do the same. But the negotiation of political bargains is rarely explicit, and either side is likely to let its partner down. Suffrage activists split over support for Woodrow Wilson and the US entry into World War I. Carrie Chapman Catt supported Wilson's war effort and eschewed confrontation in hopes of gaining the president's support for the Nineteenth Amendment, while one-time allies Alice Paul and Lucy Burns picketed theWhite House for peace as well as suffrage. Women got the vote, and the women's movement mostly disappeared for 40 years. Lyndon Johnson invested heavily in the Voting Rights Act, after he had disappointed the civil rights movement by marginalizing the Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party at the 1964 Democratic Convention. With his support for the bill, Johnson promoted the transformation of what was once the solid Democratic South to the most reliable source of Republican voters in America. Despite Johnson's effective and politically costly commitment to civil rights, prominent activists, most notably Martin Luther King Jr., were unwilling to reciprocate by supporting his war in Vietnam. The moral logic of supporting both peace and justice was abundantly clear, but Johnson saw ingratitude and betrayal. Ronald Reagan was far more successful at managing and coopting another movement, the Christian Right. Candidate Reagan aggressively courted organized religious conservatives, but once in office, his administration put tax cuts and aggressive foreign policy at the top of its agenda. From the Oval Office, Reagan addressed the March for Life by telephone—at a distance. He appointed judges who were, mostly, less committed to a socially conservative agenda than to markets and precedent. Reagan was nonetheless able to get the Christian Right to sign onto his military and foreign policy agenda. Toward the end of the book, the authors consider a broader array of movements confronting President Obama, who called for activists on the Left to push him further. The relationship to the president is quite challenging, because movements must accept concessions from allies gracelessly, constantly demanding more without rupturing the relationship. As the presidency has grown more visible and powerful, it is an unavoidable focal point, but movement success depends on it not being an exclusive one. One more point: the president is not only a target for influence but also a provocation. Donald Trump united a broad oppositional Resistance movement that includes both new activists and experienced crusaders with a range of concerns. At the same time, he legitimated and encouraged a dark atavism in American life, inviting racist and xenophobic activists out into the open. Neither force is likely to disappear after Trump. It remains to be seen which will have more influence over time. It is unfair to expect a definitive answer to this and other critical questions from Rivalry and Reform, but the book cogently poses the questions, offering a set of tools for going further. Let us call it a provocation and a beacon.


PURPOSE
To investigate the perlecan expression of human periodontal ligament cells (hPDLCs) under cyclic tensile strain in vitro, and learn the molecular mechanism of periodontal remolding during tooth movement.

METHODS
hPDLCs isolated by enzyme digestion were loaded with 12% elongation, 1 Hz of uniaxial tensile strain for 12, 24 and 48 h. The unloaded cells were used as control. Real-time PCR and enzyme-linked immune sorbent assay (ELISA) were applied to analyze the mRNA and protein expression of perlecen in each sample respectively. The data was analyzed with SPSS 19.0 software package.

RESULTS
Within 12 h, mRNA expression was transiently elevated, but no significant difference was detected compared with the control. After 12 h, the mRNA expression was significantly decreased. It would decreased to (0.28±0.049) at lowest level of control at lowest level at 48 h (P<0.05). The protein expression of perlecan was time-dependently decreased. Specifically, it was downregulated from (14.03±0.71) pg/mL (control) to (11.06±0.15) pg/mL at lowest level at 48 h (P<0.05).

CONCLUSIONS
Tensile strain time-dependently down-regulates perlecan expression, indicating perlecan may play a pivot role in PDLCS responding to mechanical loading in vitro.


Buu-Hoi et al.1) have prepared fluorine containing ketones as potential carcinostatic agents . A number of hydroxy ketones and their allyl ethers have been prepared as pesticides.2) The fungistatic properties of some fluorinated ketones have been studied3) against Macrosporium sarcinaeforme. Fluoroketones of structure RCOMe have been found useful as insecticides and growth inhibitors.4) Keeping this in view we have synthesised aryl-5'-fluoro-2'-methoxyphenyl ketones by the method of Buu-Hoi and Xuong.5) Attempt has also been made to combine the toxicity of a ketone molecule with that of thiosemicarbazide which possesses toxophoric -N-C-Sgrouping characteristics of


Loss of response to anti-TNF therapies in inflammatory bowel disease occurs in a high proportion of patients. However, the precise incidence of dose intensification (DI) and its effectiveness remain unclear. Our aims were: (1) To evaluate the need of DI of anti-TNF therapy either by increasing the dose or decreasing doses' interval; (2) To evaluate possible variables influencing its requirement; (3) To assess the effectiveness of empirical DI.

 Bibliographical searches were performed until January 2019. Selection: prospective and retrospective studies assessing the loss of response to anti-TNF therapy, considered as the need of DI, in Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) patients treated for at least 12 weeks with an anti-TNF drug. Exclusion criteria: Studies using anti-TNF as prophylaxis for postoperative recurrence in CD or those where DI was based on therapeutic drug monitoring. Data were analyzed by means of the inverse variance method using a random effect model and stratifying by medical baseline condition (UC vs. CD), anti-TNF drug and follow-up. Effectiveness was assessed by intention-to-treat analysis.

 Up to now, 107 studies (11,377 patients) were included. The overall rate of DI requirement for naïve patients after 12 and 36 months of follow-up was 35% (95% CI=26–45%, I2=95%, 15 studies) and 48% (41–55%, I2= 77%, 9 studies); respectively. Frequencies of DI requirement stratified by subgroup analysis are presented in the table (all patients being naïve except CD patients treated with adalimumab (ADA), including naïve and no naïve).
 The overall short-term response and remission rates to empirical DI were 67% (95% CI: 63–72%; I2=73%; 31 studies) and 45% (95% CI: 35–55%; I2=9%; 23 studies), respectively; subgroup analyses are summarised in the table.

 Loss of response to anti-TNF agents and consequent DI occurs frequently in both UC and CD, with an overall rate of DI requirement of 35% at one year and 48% at 3 years. Empirical DI is a relatively effective therapeutic option. Further data extraction and analysis is necessary to confirm these findings.


The article deals with the actual development problems of the psychological competence of the heads in the higher military educational institutions as a key factor of the process of optimizing the management of the higher military educational institutions and their structural units. The issue ofpsychological competence development of modern managers in higher military educational institutions is being actualized by integrating psychological knowledge into the programs of retraining and advanced training courses.


Pornographic styles have proliferated in recent years, problematizing established views of what porn looks like, and in some quarters at least, offering a challenge to porn's lack of respectability and acceptability. In this context, 'extreme porn' has become a new yardstick to mark the acceptable from the unacceptable. Concerns about extreme porn are part of a broader disquiet about what the BBFC has called 'an increasingly popular category of "extreme reality" material which has many of the characteristics of extreme pornography but does not appear to have been produced for the purpose of sexual arousal', also evident in the use of the term, 'pornography' in discussions of some horror films ('torture porn'), and images of real violence ('war porn' or 'atrocity porn'). This paper asks what is at stake in the notion of 'extreme' porn and what concerns about pornographic styles and the sensations they evoke in their viewers suggest about the shifting construction of bodily pleasure, experience and performance.


FIELD: machine building. SUBSTANCE: device (3) to adjust adjustable guide vanes (10, 11) of a compressor in a gas turbine engine with an axial flow comprises a control rod (50) to adjust the angular position of the vanes (10, 11) and a rotating shaft (61) with which the control rod (50) is coupled pivotally. The first holder (70) and the second holder (72) each have the first end (73, 74) connected to the casing (2) of an axial-flow machine. The first connection element (80) is attached to the second end (75) of the first holder (70) and provides for adjustable positioning of the first end (62) of the shaft (61). The second connection element (81) is attached to the second end (76) of the second holder (72) and provides for adjustable positioning of the second end (63) of the shaft (61). The first (80) and the second connection elements (81) are spatially positioned in respect to each other only via the first stationary joint between the first end 973) of the first holder (70) with the casing (2) of the axial-flow machine and via the second stationary joint between the first end (74) of the second holder (72) with the casing (2) of the axial-flow machine. The first (80) and/or the second connection elements (81) are presented as a ball connection and a sliding pin connection. EFFECT: simplified manufacturing and elimination of mechanical stresses from thermal expansion. 13 cl, 6 dwg


AN initial automated band selection algorithm suitable for real-time application with tunable multispectral cameras is presented for multispectral target detection. The method and algorithm were developed from analyses of several background and target signatures collected from a field test using the prototype Tunable Filter Multispectral Camera (TFMC). Target and background data from TFMC imagery were analyzed to determine the detection performance of 32,768 unique 3-band channel combinations in the visible through and near IR spectral regions. This tuning knowledge base was analyzed to develop rules for an initial dynamic tuning algorithm. The performance data was sorted by conventional means to determine the best 3-band combinations. Methods were then developed to determine performance enhancing band sets for particular backgrounds and a variety of targets. This knowledge is then used in an algorithm to affect a real-time 3-band tuning capability. Additional band sets for real-time background categorization are chosen by both the ability to spectrally detect of one background from another. This work will illustrate an example of the performance results form the analysis for three targets on various backgrounds.


With the continuous enhancement of ecological awareness in recent years, sponge city design has become more professional and secure in green eco-district planning. In this context, in order to give full play to the function and advantages of the green eco-district, it is an irresistible trend to advance the progress of the green eco-district planning and accelerate the construction of sponge city. Based on the above situation, first of all, this paper analyzes the significance and value of sponge city from three aspects of ecological benefit, social benefit and economic benefit based on the construction concept of sponge city. Secondly, the planning and design ideas of sponge city construction are analyzed from the perspectives of compliance with principles and proper planning, planning procedures and measures, and the selection of adaptive technologies.


Аim: to highlight the importance of broad differential diagnosis and possibility of conversion of benign recurrent intrahepatic cholestasis type 2 into more aggressive clinical phenotype.


Current-plasma sheath dynamics in coaxial pulsed plasma system was simulated in this work by means of one-fluid MHD code and two-dimensional "snow plough" model.


In [2], Dempwolff constructs three translation planes of order 16 using sharply 2-transitive sets of permutations in S 16. That is, if acting on Λ is a sharply 2-transitive set of permutations then an affine plane of order n may be defined as follows: The set of points = {(x, y)|x, y ∊ Λ} and the lines = {(x, y)|y = xg for fixed }, {(x, y)|x = c}, {(x, y)|y = c} for c ∊ Λ. Let V be a vector space of dimension k over F ≅ GF(pr). A translation plane may be defined by finding a set M of pkr – 1 linear transformations such that xy –l is fixed point free on for all x ≠ y in M. Notice that if we allow V to act on itself then MV is a sharply 2-transitive set on V if and only if xy –1 is fixed point free on for all x ≠ y in M.


The physical act of smiling has direct positive effects on mood [Kleinke et al., Pers. Soc. Psychol. 74, 272–279 (1998)]. Relatedly, Rummer et al. [ Emotion, 14(2), 246–250 (2014)] observed that participants rated comics as funnier if they had just produced /i/ (which requires adopting a smile-like position) than if they produced /o/. The present study tests whether suppression of smile posture by speech movements can cause individuals to view a subject less positively. To do so, we ask participants to maintain a smile while we present a series of visual stimuli labeled with target and control sounds. Bilabial sounds are targeted as Liu et al . found that bilabial stops (/p/ and /b/) suppress smile posture [ISSP12, 130–133 (2021)]. After articulating a sound that either suppresses or does not suppress their smile posture, participants rate each image set on a measure of emotion. Results will be presented and discussed bearing on the prediction that in the smile condition, participants will rate the image as less positive if they have just produced a sentence which includes a bilabial stop. [Work supported by NIH and NSERC.]


ABSTRACT The effects of secondary rolling on the microstructure evolution and mechanical properties of Al/Mg/Al clad sheets have been investigated. The results indicate that a double-layer intermetallic compound (Mg2Al3 and Mg17Al12) forms and sandwiches the MgO film during the first rolling and annealing, while the sandwich structure shows a low peel strength owing to the intrinsic brittleness of intermetallic. However, a secondary rolling leads to a shear-induced breakage of the sandwich structure, whereupon the peel strength significantly increases from 1.3 N/mm to 12.7 N/mm on account of an effective bonding of the Mg/Al interface. The secondary rolling not only eliminates the influence of MgO on the interface, but also improves the bonding strength of the interface. Furthermore, the clad sheet can obtain an excellent elongation (21%) and remain of high interfacial strength (∼12 N/mm) after the recovery annealing.


Some properties of projective planes having a certain type of collineation group are proved, and a class of these planes which properly contains the class of all Hall planes of odd order is explicitly constructed.


Tools are built to be used as they are. The members of the development team of the tool are most likely the only ones who can make modifications to the tool. Others, even if the source code is available, could in principle modify the tool, but this is in most cases extremely difficult to achieve. A toolbox, on the other hand side, is intended to be extended, or modified often by many people. Unix is a good example for a toolbox. Everybody can add new libraries or commands used by one or many. Unix itself does not need to be touched in order to add user-defined functionality to it. This paper describes design criteria for a visualization toolbox which can easily be extended.


Thin silver films have been prepared by vacuum deposition on acetyl-cellulose foils. Internal stresses in these films have been measured by sin2 φ method of X-ray stress measurement after removing the substrates in methyl acetate. It has been found that large tensile stresses remained in substrate free films.The stress is released as much as 1 × 109 dyn/cm2 in air within 20 hours. The tensile stress increases with thickness up to 1500A and become constant, dependent on the deposition rate.The origin of the stress in the unbacked film is considered to be due to non uniformity of deformations in the film.


Cysticerci of Taenia crassiceps Rudolphi, 1810 and adult Andrya arctica Rausch, 1952 from Dicrostonyx torquatus, and Taenia polyacantha Leukart, 1856 from Alopex lagopus, are reported for the first time from Bathurst Island, Northwest Territories.


Object flow integrity (OFI) augments control-flow integrity (CFI) and software fault isolation (SFI) protections with secure, first-class support for binary object exchange across inter-module trust boundaries. This extends both source-aware and source-free CFI and SFI technologies to a large class of previously unsupported software: those containing immutable system modules with large, object-oriented APIs---which are particularly common in component-based, event-driven consumer software. It also helps to protect these inter-module object exchanges against confused deputy-assisted vtable corruption and counterfeit object-oriented programming attacks. A prototype implementation for Microsoft Component Object Model demonstrates that OFI is scalable to large interfaces on the order of tens of thousands of methods, and exhibits low overheads of under 1% for some common-case applications. Significant elements of the implementation are synthesized automatically through a principled design inspired by type-based contracts.


The objective of present work is to develop and evaluate a matrix system for Chronotherapeutic delivery of centrally acting opioid analgesic (Tramadol HCl) containing Gum kondagogu as carrier for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. If the formulation is administered at night time, symptoms that are sever in early morning hours can be treated. Core tablets of Tramadol HCl were prepared by using 30, 40, 50, 60 and 70% w/w of tablet of Gum kondagogu as carrier by wet granulation technique. These tablets were compression coated with Eudragit S100 to prevent drug release in stomach. All formulations were evaluated for hardness, friability, weight variation, drug content, in vitro and in-vivo studies. The Gum kondagogu was characterized by viscosity measurements and FTIR analysis. The coated (FC1 to FC5) and uncoated tablets (F1 to F5) were evaluated for in vitro release of Tramadol HCl after sequential exposure to pH 1.2, pH 7.4 and pH 6.8 respectively for 2hr, 3hr and 19hr in the absence as well as presence of rat caecal content. The selected formulation was subjected to in vivo targeting efficacy studies by Roentgenography technique. In vitro release studies indicated that the matrix tablets (F1 to F5) failed to control the drug release in the physiological environment of stomach and small intestine. On the other hand, compression coated formulations were able to protect the tablet cores from premature drug release. In the absence of rat caecal contents, compression coated FC4 and FC5 released 98.45+0.37% and 89.67 +0.43% drug respectively at the end of 24hrs. When dissolution study was continued in pH 6.8 PBS containing 4% w/v of rat caecal contents, FC4 released about 99.18 +0.29% drug at the end of 22hrs. FTIR studies confirmed that there was no interaction between the drug and the carrier. X-ray studies confirmed that the tablet successfully reached colon without getting disintegrated in upper gastro intestinal tract. Based on the results, selective delivery of Tramadol HCl to the colon could be achieved using 60% w/w (FC4) of Gum kondagogu matrix tablets compression coated with Eudragit S100.


This dissertation brings together for study various Arab American writings by contemporary authors from diverse elements of Arab America. The emphasis is to assert that there is a rich field of Arab American literature now, and an emerging field of Arab American studies following in its wake as a newer addition to the U.S. ethnic studies field, which this study brings to bear on the literary texts, highlighting socio-ethnic and political issues in relation to the primary texts. Our study examines an array of primary authors who have different cultural, ethnic and religious backgrounds, men and women, of varying politics, who write in a variety of genres including memoir, poetry, and fiction, and whose aesthetically crafted literary texts tackle the politics of anti-Arab discourses and negative stereotypes about Arab Americans.


A number of persons with severe sensorineural hearing losses in the frequency range below 6000 Hz have been shown to have near‐normal thresholds for frequencies above 6000 Hz. This paper reports on measures of high‐frequency signal processing in seven persons with this type of heating impairment. Measures taken include estimates of difference limens for intensity and frequency, gap detection, rate discrimination, and narrow‐band masking functions. Although little normative data exist for comparative purposes, measures of frequency, intensity, and time resolution are within the range of what one would anticipate by extrapolation. Intensity and frequency differences limens, and wideband and narrow‐band masking functions also were obtained in the region of impaired hearing {i.e., 3–6 kHz}; narrow‐band masking measures and difference limens indicated impaired frequency processing and varied between subjects. Intensity discrimination fell within previously published ranges. [Work supported by the National Inst...


The rapid development of semantic Web and exponential growth in the use of the ontology in the field of smart cities, along with World Wide Web, make new and different multi-dimensional character of the smart cities a possibility, in which data is collected from various distributed systems. Consequently, in this paper, we exploit the concept of semantic Web for designing a new smart city ontology that is considered as a system of systems. Such ontology is beneficial for both the citizens and the administrators as it allows interoperability among different systems and frameworks.


The collocations of temperature sensors have a great effect on the performance of a new gas flowmeter, which is based on the relationship between flowrate and upstream downstream temperature difference. The molecule based direct simulation Monte Carlo method is applied to numerically simulate the micro gas flow in the flowmeter channel. The velocity and temperature fields are compared between with and without sensors. The results show that the sensor existence has little effect on the temperature distribution. Based on the results of temperature difference distribution, the optimization for the flowmeter is proposed.


The acquisition behavior of the tracking and data relay satellite system (TDRSS) receiver (a quadrative phase-shift keying (QPSK) demodulator using a dither lock detector) in the presence of interference from another user has been analyzed using a simulation model. The demodulator is composed of an automatic gain control, a QPSK Costas loop, a frequency sweep unit, lock test units, and a control unit. The simulation model has been tested for the following variables: signal and interference Doppler frequencies and phase offsets (with respect to initial voltage control oscillator setup), signal-to-interference ratio (SIR), and signal I/Q power ratio. The simulation results are discussed.<<ETX>>


The application of denitrifying phosphorus removal process could solve the contradiction of SRT between nitrifying bacteria and phosphorus accumulating microorganisms,and also could solve the competition for organic substrate among denitrifying and polyphosphate removal,which had been a hot topic of techniques to remove phosphorus.To solve the problems in the conventional biological nutrient removal processes,the typical denitrifying phosphorus removal processes were introduced and the influencing factors were also discussed.


Electrochemical and electrophysical investigations methods of TiD2, LiD(v)‐LiD(m)‐Me systems with subsequent structure and metallographic testing of the titanium electrodes were carried out. Electrophysical properties of a system depend upon metallic (liquid) cathode emission properties. TiD2 content was shown to be higher in Ti anodes with significant surface changes (nondeep cracks creation) after testing and Ti‐cathodes show deep cracks. The maximal hardened material was observed at the crack creation zone.