The purpose of this study is to investigated the relationship between teacher autonomy and ICT competency of pre-service teacher. The data were collected by means of questionnaires from 107 pre-service teachers who has participated in educational practice in a university in Beijing. Using a reliable and valid measure of curriculum autonomy and general teaching autonomy(TAS) and a measure of teacher technology literacy, knowledge deepening and knowledge creation(ICT-CFT), it was found that as teacher autonomy increased ICT competency increased, but when we look into the sub dimensions, we found that both curriculum autonomy and general teaching autonomy are positively related to teacher technology literacy, and curriculum autonomy is also positively related to teacher knowledge deepening while general teaching autonomy is not. It is worth mentioning that there was little association between teacher autonomy and knowledge creation. The results of this study also indicate that teacher autonomy and ICT competency do not differ across major, duration of internship and motivation.


Due to the severe flight environment, hypersonic vehicles are susceptible to external disturbances and aerodynamic parameter uncertainties, dramatically challenging the precise control and stable tracking. This paper presented a fixed-time disturbance observer (FTDO) to obtain better tracking performance for hypersonic vehicles. The FTDO can improve the tracking performance under external disturbances and aerodynamic parameter perturbations, whose observation time is bounded and does not depend on the initial errors. The backstepping control can guarantee finite-time convergence with the finite-time control technique. A second-order filter is designed to process the complexity explosion problem in the traditional backstepping control and ensure the tracking system's finite-time stability. Then with Lyapunov theory, it is proved that the control system is stable and convergent in finite time. Finally, three numerical simulation results based on typical conditions are given to show the effectiveness and advantage of the developed control scheme, and external disturbances can be estimated accurately within two seconds. These results have reference value for flight controller design of hypersonic and other aircraft in complex disturbance environments.


Objective To seek the best approach of diagnosis and treatment for the disease through observing the changes of EBV-DNA content of nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients after treatment. Methods The plasma EBV-DNA was detected by fluorescence quantitative PCR method. One hundred and forty five patients confirmed as nasopharyngeal carcinoma were selected as study object. Their plasma EBV-DNA were detected and compared with those of 140 healthy persons in corresponding time. Results In the nasopharyngeal carcinoma group, 136 cases (93.79%) showed plasma EBV-DNA-positive, while 10 cases (7.14%) in healthy group. The plasma EBV-DNA-positive detection rate of nasopharyngeal carcinoma group was significantly higher than that of healthy group ( P 0.01). In plasma EBV-DNA-positive patients, the plasma EBV-DNA content decreased gradually in the course of treatment. Conclusion The quantitative detection of EBV-DNA for nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients has significant value in diagnosing and guiding treatment of the disease.


Objective As the traditional wet method of preparation of β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) is difficult in industrialization for the problem of filtering, this article puts forward a new process of preparation of β-TCP with octacalcium phosphate as precursor. Method β-TCP was prepared with calcium carbonate and phosphoric acid with the ratio Ca/P =1.5 instead of traditional calcium nitrate or calcium hydroxide as raw materials. The effects of different reaction conditions (such as methods of raw materials addition, reactants concentration, wash with ethanol, and calcining temperature) on particle diameter were studied. Result According to XRD spectrum, the precursor of this system is octacalcium phosphate [ Ca8H2 (PO4)6 · 5H2O,OCP] instead of the nonstoichiometic hydroxyapatite(HA) obtained from traditional methods. A uniform, ultra-fine , crystal β-TCP pow-der(d50 =3 - 12 μm) was obtained after calcining the precursor at 950℃ for 2 h . Conclusion Compared with the traditional methods, it was demonstrated that this process possessed the advantages of fast reaction rate, simple operation, easy filtering and no introduced impurity.


Greater India comprises a part of the Indian plate that subducted under Asia to help form the Tibetan Plateau. Defining the size of the Greater India is thus a key constraint to model the India‐Asia collision, growth of the plateau, and the tectonic evolution of the Neo‐Tethyan realm. We report Early Cretaceous paleomagnetic data from the central and eastern Tethyan Himalaya that yield paleolatitudes consistent with previous Early Cretaceous paleogeographic reconstructions. These data suggest Greater India extended at least 2,675 ± 720 and 1,950 ± 970 km farther north from the present northern margin of India at 83.6°E and 92.4°E, respectively. An area of lithosphere ≥4.7 × 106 km2 was consumed through subduction, thereby placing a strict limit on the minimum amount of Indian lithosphere consumed since the breakup of Gondwanaland.


colonial-era political change. The Minahasa case reinforces current ideas of indigenous leadership in Southeast Asia as based on personal prowess rather than inherited status—more big-man than chief. Men have differing degrees of keter, a term combining attributes of courage, obstinacy, eloquence, wealth, virility, and fertility, though flattened out in early ethnographies to a quality of "soul stuff." In Minahasa, as in other Southeast Asian societies, when these obstinate, eloquent local leaders met more powerful rulers, whether pre-, post-, or purely colonial, they changed the way they displayed their keter rather than exchanging it for a new set of character traits. Feasting is one way to demonstrate this kind of power, as is having the courage to fight battles, trick a ruler, or oppose the government, and all these actions have earned men political rewards from the eighteenth century on through the New Order. In tracing the transformation of local headmen into hereditary chiefs, the author rightly attends to both structural shifts and cultural meanings. When the Dutch recruit some chiefs to fight in the Java War (1825-30) and reward them with higher status on their return home, the overseas fighting experience is understood in Minahasa terms as adding to the keter of those chiefs, and thus giving their new, colonial authority some degree of legitimacy. Schouten shows at length how one chief, Dotulong, was able to exploit his new position both to amass personal wealth and to place kinsmen and affines in strategic positions in other villages. Dutch policies of choosing chiefs' relatives for positions led Minahasa politicians to begin thinking in terms of lineage, and to create appropriate new marriage strategies. An endogamous nobility was thus the effect of colonial models of kinship. The broader context for these political changes is a familiar one, but one with particular local accents. Dutch traders seeking hegemony entered into treaties with some rulers, then elevated them into a higher status than the others. Only as these local rulers came to see themselves as united vis-a-vis Dutch suzerainty did there emerge a regional category of "Minahasa" (meaning "united"). Dutch interests in the area and their efforts to exert direct control increased with policies of forced coffee cultivation. Colonial attitudes toward chiefs shifted again in the nineteenth century toward creating a more professionalized, educated ruler. More schooling, especially in Dutch, also enabled these rulers to effectively mount written protests against Dutch policies. By the 1920s colonial educational policies and Minahasa strategies of self-advancement had produced a particular type of Indies middle class, one concerned more with rising within the system than with replacing it. This attitude is what one might expect, given that this Minahasa elite saw the Dutch as people with whom they shared religion and language. Schouten's study adds a new, quite different society to the literature on Indonesian colonial history and makes particularly important contributions to the comparative study of colonial elites and middle classes.


In a network device management method, a first packet to search for network devices is generated and broadcasted on the network. In addition, a second packet to search for network devices is generated and broadcasted on the network. A comparison is made between a network device that replies to the first packet and a network device that replies to the second packet, and it is determined based on the comparison whether predetermined information has been set for the network device, and the determination results are displayed.


Triple bottom line (TBL) and sustainability are two related constructs that are used interchangeably in the literature. A comprehensive review of the relevant literature was conducted and revealed an inconsistent use of the term sustainability. On the other hand, consistency in terms of referring to the three lines simultaneously is built into the structure of TBL as the construct is explicitly based on the integration of the social, environmental, and economic lines. The purpose of this paper is not to support an argument that favors the use of one term over the other, but to provide an overview of the presence of both terms in the literature. In light of that, researchers in the business, management, and sustainability fields are encouraged to pay particular attention to how they use these terms in their studies.


In recent years a number of algorithms were proposed to solve dynamic multi-objective optimisation problems. However, a major problem in the field of dynamic multi-objective optimisation is a lack of standard performance measures to quantify the quality of solutions found by an algorithm. In addition, the selection of performance measures may lead to misleading results. This paper highlights issues that may cause misleading results when comparing dynamic multi-objective optimisation algorithms with performance measures that are currently used in the field.


Most topic models, such as latent Dirichlet allocation, rely on the bag-of-words assumption. However, word order and phrases are often critical to capturing the meaning of text in many text mining tasks. This paper presents topical n-grams, a topic model that discovers topics as well as topical phrases. The probabilistic model generates words in their textual order by, for each word, first sampling a topic, then sampling its status as a unigram or bigram, and then sampling the word from a topic-specific unigram or bigram distribution. Thus our model can model "white house" as a special meaning phrase in the 'politics' topic, but not in the 'real estate' topic. Successive bigrams form longer phrases. We present experiments showing meaningful phrases and more interpretable topics from the NIPS data and improved information retrieval performance on a TREC collection.


Theclinicalandlaboratoryobservationsontheimmunesystemintheintestineare extended further [82a]. The M2-pyruvate kinase metabolism is disturbed during cancerdevelopmentandininflammatorydiseases.Theresultsshowthatthephy-totherapeuticum (myrrh, carbo coffeae and chamomilla) can also normalize the tumor-M2-PK. For the first time results of depositon of heavy and transmission metalsinthecolonmucosaarereportedandtheirdiagnosticaswellastherapeutic implicationsarediscussed.Thesepublicationsaskfortheincreasingrealizationof the objectives of the "integrative medicine", the non dogmatic inclusion of medical knowledge to serve especially the chronic sick patient, into our daily medical practise.


Communication between intelligent sensors, actuators and controller components imposes stringent requirements on timeliness and predictability. Thus, field bus standards such as PROFIBUS, EIB, or CAN support deterministic, priority driven media access. These mechanisms are sufficient for static settings where communicating peers as well as traffic loads are known in advance and priorities can be assigned prior to system operation. In environments where, e.g., communicating devices may change dynamically we need to provide additional mechanisms for admission control and traffic policing, which operate during system activity. Local and wide area networks have to meet similar requirements, which led to the development of so called quality of service architectures. We argue that many of these concepts are also adequate for the field bus domain and adapt them to the CAN protocols. As a basic means to achieve timeliness and predictability we employ rate monotonic analysis.


In the present paper, we consider a family of orthogonal functions and we give some recurrence relations and generating functions. We also indicate some special cases of these functions.


An X-band six-way waveguide power divider using the metallic wall is proposed. For good impedance matching over the broad frequency band, the metallic wall having an inductive component is positioned on the side of the output waveguide. Simulated and measured results show low return loss and low insertion loss. Compared to the waveguide using an inductive post, the proposed divider has much broader bandwidth, 14.8 and 10.2%, from simulation and measurement, respectively. This broadband waveguide divider can be used in many microwave and millimetre-wave applications.


Cotton slivers have very low tensile strength and are liable to unexpected drafting and breakage during processing. If the sliver stress is not appropriately controlled, poor sliver and roving evenness and frequent end-breaks will occur. This paper reports on the experimental determination of the strength of cotton slivers at various processing stages and the influence of major drawing parameters on sliver strength. The investigation also revealed a close relationship between the depth of sliver-processing (reflecting fibre-straightening and fibre parallelisation) and sliver bulk. The estimated sliver tension on commercial high-speed drawframes can be as high as one-third of the strength of combed slivers and one-tenth of (hat of the carded slivers. The sliver-strength problem needs to be dealt with if further increases in drawframe speeds are to be achieved.


0278-0062/$25.00 © 2007 IEEE Digital Object Identifier 10.1109/TMI.2007.908527 Manuscript received December 21, 2006; revised February 27, 2007. This work was supported by the Intramural Research Program of the National In stitute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD. Erratum to "Error Propagation Framework for Diffusion Tensor Imaging via Diffusion Tensor Representations"


Ever since the introduction of the Air Almanac and the Astronomical Navigation Tables, requests have been received for information as to the errors that can arise in their use. Estimates of error, for particular combinations, were made on several occasions and, in 1947, the calculation was systematized; but the methods and results were not published. It is now probable that the Sight Reduction Tables for Air Navigation, A.P. 3270 (H.O. 249 in U.S.A.), and possibly the Air Almanac, will increasingly be used for surface navigation and it therefore seems desirable to put on record a precise statement of the errors that can arise through their use. The earlier work has accordingly been modified for the changes in the publications.


The merger and acquisition has now become an important means for the survival and development of a business enterprise in the increasingly fierce competitive environment.However,many business enterprises,in the merger and acquisition process,did not carry on effective integration of human resources,resulting in the enterprise integration after the completion of the capital,appeared the large-scale brain drain,just resulting in deathblow to the new business enterprise after merging.Correct understanding the importance of human resources integration and effective implement the human resource integration,the mergers and acquisitions business is urgently needed to solve the problems.


By reviewing the historic records and field study, this research observes TB is the most commonplace and serious chronic disease in history, of which the epidemic, the dying rate, the treatment and the prevention can delve into the social transition and the deep cultural meaning as reflected. Taiwan being ruled by Japan for 50 years widely influenced the material establishment, the administration, sanitary systems in Taiwan. For the example of the policy of the public sanitation, in 1895, the Japanese started to survey in Taiwan, so-called "miasma with torrential rain, epidemics rampant", and in 1910 the related sanitation rules gradually took effect as expected, falling in line with the Japanese standards. As the Jap was about to establish Taiwan into "Moving-South Base",the World War Two in Asia began: In the beginning, Taiwan was placed in "non-war zone", of which the sanitary index registered even better than Japan with the TB dying rate 2.5 times lower than Japan. But in 1947, the TB dying rate spiraled, even 1.5 times higher than Japan then. In relation to the change of the TB dying rate, the rule of Taiwan was transferred to the Kuomintang from the mainland China. During this period, Taiwan had going thru two different regimes. The populace comprised of more complex members due to the relocation of the army. Experiencing the different regimes and populace relocation, the same disease in Taiwan showed different dying rate, and that reflects a lot of interesting and profound cultural meanings. Based on the historic records, newspaper, literature and the oral interview, this research tries to find out the revelation among the contagion / epidemic, the society and the culture and by means of the data-sourcing, intercrossing, contrasting, analyzing, theorizes on the interacting influence between the TB and the Taiwan culture. Starting with the local different knowledge of the TB, compared with the points of views of the TB by the masses, and what generated such thoughts can be traced and analyzed in relation to politics, economics and the public sanitation etc, in order to further understand the main causes and the backgrounds. In this research, we find that the popular recognition of the TB widely differed from that of the world, which is "a panic", "a caution for outside contagion", "emphasis on the current status a lot more than imagination", -obviously different from the foreign "romantic symbol (image)". Besides, we also observe the relation between the epidemic and the culture: the prevent of the epidemic leads the populace to recognize the TB and change of the medication, further forming a special attitude toward epidemic. Needless to say how epidemic affects the industry. The successful check of epidemic diseases increases the populace, upgrades the quality and the stability of life, thus contributing to the economic development and prosperity, highly interdependent between Taiwan and Japan in economy, rice and sugar etc the people's livelihood. Then we can find that it seems to be the efficient way for state apparatus to control the people is to control the epidemic first, that the regime can also be more secure. The purpose of this research is by understanding of TB, we can know the relation between the epidemic and the social transition, also dig out the key cultural elements in order to seek out our own Taiwanese ways and methods in dealing with the epidemic prevention and medication.


To determine the ochratoxin status of the German population, 357 samples of coffee, 161 of tea and 318 of beer were analyzed for their toxin content. The samples had been purchased in retail shops. Analysis was performed by applying immunoaffinity columns and the toxin was detected by HPLC. The detection limit for coffee was 0.3 pg/kg powder. About 50 % of the samples of roasted and ground coffee, with and without caffeine, contained the toxin at concentrations of 0.3-6.3 μg/kg; taking the data of all samples, a mean of 0.61 μg/kg was obtained. Of 'mild' coffee, less samples were contaminated, on the average by 0.45 pg/kg. Of instant coffee samples with caffeine, about 90 % contained the toxin in the range of 0.3-9.47 μg/kg, resulting in a mean of 1.83 μg/kg. A lower level was detected in decaffeinated instant products where the toxin has been found in less samples. No toxin has been found in black and fruit tea (detection limit 0.3 μg/ kg tea leaves), but in 3 % of green tea, 9 % of herb tea and 42 % of children tea samples on a herb basis. Of Pils, Export, Weizen and Starkbeer samples analyzed, 70-80 % contained ochratoxin at concentrations of 0.01-0.29 μg/l, i. e. 0.03 μg/l on the average. The limit of detection was 0.01 μg/l. Lower concentrations have been found in beer without alcohol, Leichtbier, Diatbier and Malzbier.


Objective To develop a new severe but sublethal acute pancreatitis mice model. Methods The animals were divided into two groups: the bile acid injection group and the control group. In the bile acid injection group, acute necrotizing pancreatitis was induced by intraductal administration of 0.1 ml of 1.0 % bile acid under 30 cm H 2O pressure, while the controls underwent the sham operation. The structural and functional features of the pancreas were examined at 24 hours after surgery. Results Pancreatic edema, bleeding, acinar cell necrosis and inflammation accompanied with increased serum amylase and MPO were found in the bile acid injection animals. Conclusions The sublethal acute pancreatitis mice model is ideal for pathogenetic and therapeutic study of acute necrotizing pancreatitis.


Interval Newton methods in conjunction with generalized bisection can form the basis of algorithms that find all real roots within a specified box ${\bf X} \subset {\bf R}^n $ of a system of nonlinear equations $F(X) = 0$with mathematical certainty, even in finite-precision arithmetic. In such methods, the system $F(X) = 0$ is transformed into a linear interval system $0 = F(M) + {\bf F'}({\bf X})({\bf \bar X} - M)$ ; if interval arithmetic is then used to bound the solutions of this system, the resulting box ${{\bf \bar X}}$ contains all roots of the nonlinear system. The interval Gauss–Seidel method is a reasonable way of finding such solution bounds.For the overall interval Newton/bisection algorithm to be efficient, the image box ${{\bf \bar X}}$ should be as small as possible. To do this, the linear interval system is multiplied by a preconditioner matrix Y before the interval Gauss–Seidel method is applied. In this paper, a technique for computing such preconditioner matrices Y is described. This te...


An effective bimodal palm print and palm vein biometric person recognition method is suggested in this paper. Palm print is referred to as the external biometric line comprising main lines, wrinkles, and ridges on the palm surface and the palm vein is the structure of the lines below the palm surface. For individuals, these patterns are unique, stable and they provide enormous important information for person identification. The features of both modalities are extracted using a Sobel operator and grey code encoding techniques. The suggested framework is rigorously checked on the CASIA multispectral database and uses decision level and feature level fusion techniques to achieve the best FAR 0.0047 & FRR 0.050. The Proposed image fusion technique results in performance improvement than the individual biometric identification.


Proactive content caching at user devices and coded delivery is studied for a non-uniform file popularity distribution. A novel centralized uncoded caching and coded delivery scheme, called cross-level coded delivery (CLCD), is proposed, which can be applied to large file libraries under non-uniform demands. In the CLCD scheme, the same sub-packetization is used for all the files in the library in order to prevent additional zero-padding in the delivery phase, and unlike the existing schemes in the literature, users requesting files from different popularity groups can still be served by the same multicast message in order to reduce the delivery rate. Simulation results indicate more than 10% reduction in the average delivery rate for typical Zipf distribution parameter values.


Agriculture and forestry are fundamental industries. With the development of the ESG concept, stakeholders are increasingly concerned about the relationship between ESG and agricultural and forestry corporate performance. This paper examines 156 listed agricultural and forestry companies to explore the impact of ESG on corporate performance, both theoretically and empirically, using two-stage least squares. Heterogeneity is explored from the perspective of three sub-dimensions of ESG and industry comparison, respectively. Finally, the impact mechanism of ESG is analyzed from three perspectives: government, market, and company. Results indicate that (1) ESG and corporate performance are significantly and positively correlated, and higher ESG ratings are beneficial to corporate performance improvement. (2) Compared with E performance, S and G performance are more conducive to promoting corporate performance growth. (3) There is no significant difference in the effect of ESG on corporate performance between listed companies in agriculture and forestry. (4) Tax incentives and the regional marketization degree have a negative moderating effect, but the proportion of female executives plays a positive moderating role. These findings provide useful insights for listed companies in agriculture and forestry to improve ESG performance and, consequently, corporate performance, and also promote listed companies to play a greater leading role in green development.


Epidermal growth factor (EGF)‐related polypeptides may be involved in the growth of human prostate cancer cells, and in the androgen stimulation of hormone‐responsive prostatic carcinomas. We have shown that androgen‐responsive LNCaP cells, like the autonomous DU 145 human prostate cancer cell line, synthesize and secrete EGF and related polypeptides, including immunoreactive transforming growth factor‐α (TGF‐α). As determined by radioimmunoassay, intracellular EGF levels were approximately 100 times those of TGF‐α, but together these accounted for less than half of the total EGF‐like polypeptides detected in a radioreceptor assay. Although LNCaP cell growth was stimulated by dihydrotestosterone (DHT), there was no evident effect on immunoreactive EGF levels in the medium after correction for cell number. Moreover, metabolic labeling experiments showed no effect of the androgen on EGF synthesis by LNCaP cells. Gel filtration chromatography of conditioned medium showed both high molecular weight species and the mature 6,000 dalton form of immunoreactive EGF. We conclude that although LNCaP prostate cancer cell growth is stimulated by DHT, it is unlikely that this is mediated directly via increased EGF synthesis by the tumor cells.


⋅Copyright c 2020 by The Korean Balance Society. All rights reserved. ⋅This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Ramsay Hunt syndrome is an acquired paralysis of the face specifically caused by a varicella-zoster virus infection in the facial nerve. Other cranial nerves including vestibulo-cochlear disturbance can be affected. Herein we reported a case of Ramsay Hunt syndrome with atypical vestibular syndrome. Although central vestibular signs including direction changing post head-shaking nystagmus or normal head impulse test are generally meaningful, clinicians need to be careful to interpret them because some findings can be observed not only in cases of central disorders but also in peripheral disorders. Clinical findings such as distinct ear pain and close observation of vesicles are important to diagnose Ramsay Hunt syndrome. Res Vestib Sci 2020;19(1):16-21


In this paper,6 instances of the 12 kind of Euler's rotation in the rectangular coordinate system were investigated and analyzed.The Euler's rotation matrix and dynamic equation were divided in detail and verified in Matlab software.


Archibald Smith, only son of James Smith, of Jordanhill, Renfrewshire, was born on the 10th of August, 1813, at Greenhead, Glasgow, in the house where his mother's father lived. His father, who also was a Fellow of the Royal Society, had literary and scientific tastes with a strongly practical turn, fostered no doubt by his education in the University of Glasgow and his family connexion with some of the chief founders of the great commercial community which has grown up by its side. In published works on various subjects he left enduring monuments of a long life of actively employed leisure. His discovery of different species of Arctic shells, in the course of several years dredging from his yacht, and his inference of a previously existing colder climate in the part of the world now occupied by the British Islands, constituted a remarkable and important advancement of Geological Science. In his 'Voyage and Shipwreck of St. Paul,' a masterly application of the principles of practical seamanship renders St. Luke's narrative more thoroughly intelligible to us now than it can have been to contemporary readers not aided by nautical knowledge. Later he published a 'Dissertation on the Origin and Connexion of the Gospels;' and he was engaged in the collection of further materials for the elucidation of the same subject up to the time of his death, at the age of eighty-five. Archibald Smith's mother was also of a family distinguished for intellectual activity. Her paternal grandfather was Dr. Andrew Wilson, Professor of Astronomy in the University of Glasgow, whose speculations on the constitution of the sun are now generally accepted, especially since the discovery of spectrum-analysis and its application to solar physics. Her uncle, Dr. Patrick Wilson, who succeeded to his father's Chair in the University, was author of papers in the 'Philosophical Transactions' on Meteorology and on Aberration.


Project management has become more demanding and complex in recent years, which is the reason why more and more companies are turning to project management systems, in order to meet the needs of their projects. The benefits that companies gain from such systems are many. They can organize their work through these tools and become more efficient.
The aim of this thesis is the development of a web application for project management using ASP.NET Core and Entity Framework Core. The application provides all the necessary tools through a user-friendly environment that allow companies to organize their projects in better way.


The Machinery Directive 2006/42/EC introduced the obligation for the manufacturer to carry out risk assessment on machines in the design and construction phase according to a structured and iterative process as described in the ISO 12100 standard that also provides the aspects to be taken into account to identify all hazards and the associated risk. However, the rapid technological development that is characterizing the fourth industrial revolution is leading to equipping the machines with increasingly sophisticated sensors and technologies and this implies new assessments on the safety aspects. In particular, new human–machine interaction, smart machines with learning ability, machines equipped with sensors that report in real time their operating and health status thanks to the connection made possible by the Internet of Things, the potentiality of augmented reality, are all aspects that now must be considered. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to show the risk assessment process by proposing the well-suited techniques used in each of its phases and to highlight the new safety aspects to be taken into account when the machines with CE marking are equipped with the Industry 4.0 enabling technologies. Future developments in standardization and research in this direction will be tracked.


Developing bottom-up estimates of net carbon flux using survey data and remote sensing : A case study of the U.S. mid-continent region (abs.)


Abstract : Pressure is a form of mechanical energy, and as such is capable of effecting most chemical and physical properties of matter. The last few years have seen the development of equipment capable of generating pressures in excess of 125,000 bars with simultaneous temperatures over 3000 degrees C. The techniques which have led to the development of such ultra-high pressure equipment are described. Several important types of equipment are discussed and a 600-ton tetrahedral-anvil press is described in detail, together with means for pressure calibration and temperature measurement. Experiments which can be carried out in such a facility involve many fields of science including metallurgy, physics, chemistry, crystallography, thermodynamics, etc. Measurement procedures for such research lag the development of high pressure apparatus. Ultrahigh pressure research will increase knowledge of the solid state and possibly lead to the development of new materials. Its greatest contribution will, however, be our increased knowledge of solids at normal pressure and temperature. The growth of single-crystal diamond is discussed in detail and the results of various experiments presented. Future development of high pressure physics is discussed, including methods of high pressure generation and measurement problems. (Author)


OBJECTIVE To study the chemical constituents of flowers of Sophora viciifolia Hance. METHODS Compounds were isolated by normal phase silica gel and Sephadex LH-20 gel column chromatography. Spectral methods were used to identify the structures of the isolated compounds. RESULTS Nine compounds were isolated from the flowers of S.viciifolia as genistein (1),5-hydroxy-7,3',4'-trimethroxy-flavanone (2),5,4'-dihydroxy-7,3'-dimethroxyflavanone (3),trifolirhizin (4),oleanoic acid 28-β-D-glucopyranoside (5),β-sitosterols (6),carrot glucoside (7),(-)-sophocarpine (8) and (-) 9α-hydroxysophocarpine (9). CONCLUSION Compound 1-7 were obtained from this plant for the first time.


The conformational energy landscape of the prototypical nematic liquid crystal 4-pentyl-4'cyanobiphenyl (5CB) is studied using first principles computer modelling. It is found that the most favourable conformation occurs when the two constituent phenyl rings are inclined at an angle of 31 degrees with respect to each other. Also, the orientation of the alkyl chain is found to have an important influence on the ring-ring torsional potential. We fit the energy surface of these coupled torsions to yield an accurate intramolecular potential for use in empirical modelling. To test the strength of the coupling between the alkyl tail and the phenyl rings and the cyano group, we also calculate potentials for the relative orientation of the phenyl rings in biphenyl and cyanobiphenyl (0CB). Our calculations are performed using density functional theory using pseudo-potentials and the generalized gradient approximation to exchange and correlation. The molecular electronic wavefunction is expanded in terms of a plane wave basis set. We compare our results with recent NMR and Gaussian-based quantum chemistry calculations where available.


alongshore velocity data from a glider repetitive section off the coast of Peru (14°S) are used to study the cross-shore structure and temporal variability of the Peru current system during a 5 week period in April-May 2010. Besides providing substantial information on the surface frontal jet associated with the Peru Coastal Current and the surfacing Peru-Chile Undercurrent that flows poleward trapped on the continental shelf and slope, the glider data reveal the presence of an intense deep equatorward current, which transports up to ˜2.5 Sv. The dynamics of this current are investigated using an eddy-resolving regional model. The variability of the vertically sheared alongshore flow is shown to be related to the passage of a poleward propagating coastal-trapped wave likely of equatorial origin. Solutions from a two-dimensional, linear, coastal wave model suggest that the alongshore current observed vertical structure is associated with the second and third baroclinic modes of the coastal-trapped wave.


The preparation of hybrid silsesquioxanes-based nanoporous materials was achieved through Friedel–Crafts reaction of cage-type octavinylsilsesquioxane with ladder-type phenyl-substituted tricyclic ...


Summary: Serum neuron‐specific enolase (s‐NSE), a marker of brain injury and acute seizures, was increased in 2 patients with nonconvulsive SE. (NCSE) accounting for s‐NSE changes. Increase in s‐NSE provides further in vivo evidence of transient brain injury after NCSE.


To the Editor: We appreciate the work of Bowden et al describing outcomes for patients bitten by venomous snakes who did or did not receive antivenom. The clinical efficacy of different antivenoms varies considerably depending upon the offending species of snake, and there are often regional differences in efficacy even within a single snake species. Because of this venom variability, the high morbidity and mortality of snakebite envenoming, and the cost of treatment, accurate information about local and regional efficacy of antivenom is needed to optimize clinician decisionmaking. We write with two observations with respect to this report: Most conspicuously interesting is that the most common complication observed in the study population was acute kidney injury, accounting for 4 of the 10 complications observed in patients bitten by rattlesnakes and 2 of the 3 complications in patients bitten by unidentified snakes. Acute kidney injury is a well-recognized complication of snakebite envenoming in many parts of the world, but not well recognized in the United States and not included as a component of the widely used Snakebite Severity Score (SSS). Acute kidney injury is an important component of the pathophysiology of snakebite envenoming because it complicates short-term management of the snakebite and can lead to chronic renal failure. In their recent review of snakebite envenoming, Abouyannis et al identified 14 published clinical trials in which acute kidney injury was one of the outcomes. The findings of Bowden et al suggest the need for attention to acute kidney injury in clinical trials of snakebite envenoming, and, more specifically, suggest the possibility of modernizing the SSS to include acute kidney injury in order to optimize its utility in international trials testing traditional and novel snakebite envenoming therapeutics. Nevertheless, we note that the findings presented by Bowden et al do not adjust for the baseline severity of snakebite, with the potential for confounding by indication. If antivenom was preferentially given to patients with more severe envenomings, the longer hospital lengths of stay in patients receiving antivenom would not necessarily mean that the antivenom was given unnecessarily. In the United States, snakebite envenoming is a rare occurrence for any individual physician and scary for both patient and care teams. If the cost of snakebite treatment was lower, it would not likely be argued that it is being overused. To that end, it is essential to devise systematic and comparable methods for evaluating and reporting snakebite envenoming such that local, regional, and international data sets can be interpreted to their highest and best purpose to inform clinical decision-making. Worldwide, snakebites kill over 100,000 people annually with far more suffering from permanent limb injury, long-lasting psychological damage and, in many places, acute and chronic kidney injury. In the United States, more severe envenomings are observed in children, patients with delays in care, patients with ptosis, and patients bitten by large snake size and by rattlesnakes as opposed to copperheads or cottonmouths. The authors have identified a group of patients with a high rate of acute kidney injury that may be the result of local venom composition or that may reflect a wider-spread but under-recognized condition in the United States. Either way, the finding is of interest and we hope the authors will further clarify the total numbers of patients by snake species and the relationship between antivenom administration and outcomes adjusted for the baseline severity of envenoming.


A process for the manufacture of a cultured dairy product containing dairy ingredients cultivated and uncultivated, said process comprising: (1) providing a first mixture of dairy ingredients having a first amount of dairy protein, (2) homogenizing and pasteurizing the first mixture to form a first homogenized and pasteurized mixture, (3) cooling the first homogenized and pasteurized mixture at 20 to 40 ° C (68 and 104 ° F) to form a cooled first mixture, (4) adding a bacterial culture of lactic acid production to the cooled first mixture, after cooling to form a first mixture containing culture, (5) culturing the first container culture mixture at a temperature and for a time sufficient to obtain a first mixture cultured stable pH, wherein the pH is in the range of 3.5 to 5.5, (6) providing a second mixture of dairy ingredients having a second amount of p milk, salts, and gums roteinas, (7) adding the second mixture to the first mixture Cultured stable pH, to form a third mixture, and (8) heating and homogenizing the third mixture at a temperature and for a time sufficient to obtain a cultured dairy product containing dairy ingredients cultivated and uncultivated, having a total amount of dairy protein; wherein the first amount of dairy protein is between 10 and 40 percent and the second amount of dairy protein is between 60 and 90 percent, based on the total amount of milk protein, in the cultured dairy product has a ratio of whey protein to casein is greater than 60:40, and wherein the process does not include any whey separation step.


This study aims to determine students` learning difficulties in the material in class XII Metabolism of cognitive, learning indicators, and the factors that cause learning difficulties class XII students of SMA Negeri 11 Medan learning Year 2014/2015. Penelititan design is descriptive-quantitative. The population is students of class XII Science. Samples were taken by purposive sampling that class XII IPA3 the number of students 29 people in SMA 11 Medan. Data collection techniques used are the test results of students in the material metabolism and Student Learning Difficulties Questionnaire. The results showed that the percentage of students` learning difficulties in the cognitive aspects of knowledge (C1) 79,81% with very high difficulty category, the level of understanding (C2) 40,56% with moderate difficulty category, the level of the application (C3) 56,9% to the category of difficulty high, the level of analysis (C4) 60,01% with very high difficulty category, the level of evaluation (C5) 50,87% with difficulty tiggi category, the level of creation (C6) 67,5% with a very high degree of difficulty category. The percentage of student difficulties based on material metabolism indicators: indicators (1) 52,31%, (2) 74,15%, (3) 85,23%, (4) 62,06%, (5) 45,7%, (6) 39,23%, (7), 56,66%, with a very high difficulty category. Factors that cause learning difficulties that students are the most dominant internal factors (kesehata, interest and motivation), while external factors (methods, materials, school, family and relationships) to be a factor supporting students` learning difficulties


Dusky Warbler (Phylloscopus fuscatus) winters in certain Asian and European countries. It is commonly seen in the eastern parts of India but sporadically distributed in peninsular India. It was observed on few occasions at the site visited by authors. This report is for one of its rare sightings, in the peninsular region of India in Sanjay Gandhi National Park.


Abstract Cloth, rather than metals or guns, was the product of European technology in greatest demand among all of the Native Americans in the north-eastern Woodlands region and far beyond. The textile trade, which had the greatest volume and most significant value, began with units of woven goods as the basic items traded for pelts. In the vast documentary record revealing all aspects of these economic interactions, the term 'match coat' appears most frequently. This English term derives from an Algonquian root word (cf. Ojibwa majigoode) originally used for skin robes or mantles. During the early seventeenth century the English homonym 'match coat' became used for these skin garments, and later applied to lengths of woollen cloth cut from a bolt, generally about two metres long (a 'fathom'), traded to the natives. These 'blankets', worn as loosely wrapped cloaks, replaced native-made skin garments as soon as indigenous peoples could afford them. By the 1670s the term 'match coat' also was used to refer to simple tailored coats that had become part of trade inventories. The development of ready-made trade 'coats' paralleled the evolution of European military clothing. Indian trade coats, however, were not of 'uniform' colour and cut. In addition to the loose coats that became central to trade with the Indians, elaborate military-style coats were presented to selected Native Americans on special occasions after 1700. These elaborate garments were similar to officers' uniforms. The military-style coats were presented only to leaders, and most commonly to indigenous war leaders who represented specialists among the aboriginal populations.


The invention relates to a preferably in conjunction with a vehicle, especially a motor vehicle, suitable container for holding fluids or the like, in particular a drinking vessel for receiving coffee, with an accessible via an access opening container interior (32). According to the invention the container (18) further comprises a preferably with a tap (9) of a liquid and / or steam supplying means (8) couplable Einstromeinrichtung (11) or is coupled with such this. About this Einstromeinrichtung (11) or liquid flow and / or steam the like into the container space. Further, the Einstromeinrichtung (11) is particularly preferred as brewing or extraction head (11), in which a to-extracting feedstock, in particular coffee load, fillable and / or insertable. Such brewing or extraction head forms together with the container then preferably the actual drinking cup, in particular coffee cup.


In this study, we attempted to demonstrate prospects of proper dual antiplatelet drug therapy in acute coronary syndrome (ACS) without STsegment elevation in patients who required surgical coronary intervention during primary hospitalization. The existing problems and their possible solutions were taken into account according to the state of the art; the interests of both a surgeon and a cardiologist were identified in a way they presented no harm to a patient. Objective of the study was to compare the efficacy and the safety of therapy with study drug, Ticagrelor, and with Clopidogrel in patients with ACS without STsegment elevation in the presence of continuing therapy with Aspirin when Ticagrelor and Clopidogrel were cancelled before surgical intervention. This study included 83 patients with verified diagnosis and predicted development of unfavorable cardiovascular events in the nearest 30 days. Patients were randomized into 2 groups by envelope method. Group 1 was administered with Ticagrelor; group 2 was administered with Clopidogrel; all patients additionally received Aspirin. All patients underwent surgical treatment: coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). In this study, we evaluated the effects of stopping drug therapy with Ticagrelor 1 to 3 days before CABG and Clopidogrel 5 days before surgery. Both advantages and disadvantages of these drugs were taken into account in regard to unfavorable coronary events both in both preoperative and postoperative periods. The work demonstrated the potential problems associated with greater blood loss during surgical intervention and after the use of study drug.


Storing is an important part in the value chain of the energy use of forest chips as severe losses of dry mass and energy content and increases in greenhouse gas emissions may occur. During the storage the temperature in the biomass increases affecting the dry mass loss and the material drying. In a field-scale experiment, we monitored temperature inside two uncovered wood chip piles for 175 days and measured the chip gravimetric moisture content at the beginning and end of the experiment. In the laboratory the drying rate of the wood chips under different temperature and relative humidity conditions was determined. We constructed a new two-dimensional simulation model where water vapor diffusion within the pile, and chip moisture change was solved using a finite volume method. The determined chip drying rate was used as a source term in the simulation. The simulation model results were in close agreement with the experimental data in the middle sections of the pile, whereas the model was not able to describe the chip moisture redistribution in the pile tails. Modeling revealed that the pile size and porosity were important factors in determining the chip drying, which indicates that chip drying can be controlled by management, such as planning of pile dimensions and compaction.


Book description: Public sector economics is a field which has seen immense progress in recent years, both in the theoretical treatment of the relevant issues as well as in empirical work. This comprehensive new reports on some of the more striking recent developments in a selection of areas within public sector economics. Part I of the book concerns public sector production. It introduces a new approach to the evaluation of public sector investment projects, reviews some of the latest work on the regulation of public utilities and nationalized industries, and discusses publicly provided private goods. Part II, on distribution and welfare, combines a study of the politics of fiscal policy with a fresh approach to the analysis of poverty, and surveys the main results that are available concerning commodity and income taxation. The final part turns to quantitative analysis, presenting some of the problems that arise in the econometric estimation of models of household behaviour, together with the rapidly expanding area of applied general equilibrium models.


A  Study of Infection and Immunity of Hipatitis B  Vitus on Risk Workers of Dusit District Division, Bangkok Metropolitan Administration Laddawan     Nualchaem       MD Public Health Center 6 Samorsornwattanathumying, Health Department, Bangkok Metropolitan Administration Objective: To study hepatitis B viral infection and immunity in risk workers of Dusit District Division, BMA. Study design: Descriptive study. Subjects: A total of two hundred and thirty six risk workers of Dusit District division attending health checking at Public Health Center 6 Samorsornwattanathumying Health Department, BMA during April - May 2006 were enrolled. Methods: Personnel data and serological study including HBsAg, anti-HBs and anti-HBc, from the health records were collected and analyzed. Protective behaviors against hepatitis B infection were evaluated by interviewing. Main outcome measures: Infection, immunity and prevalence rate of hepatitis B Virus Results: Carriers, previous infection, immunity from previous infection, immunity from vaccination and non infection with non immunity were 5.1 %, 16.1%, 28.4%, 5.5% and 44.9% respectively.  The rate of non infected and non immunity in excretion collector section, road sweeper section, garbage collector section and gardener section were 66.7%, 51.7%, 40.0% and 28.3% respectively.  The highest rate of carriers was in garbage collector section with responsible for 14.2% and the highest rate of infection was in gardener section with responsible for 39.6%.  The overall prevalence rate of hepatitis B infection was 49.6% (95.3%CI: 43.0-56.1) while the prevalence rate of immunity for hepatitis B was 44.9% (95%CI:  38.5-51.5).  In general, majority of risk workers in every section behaved will to protect themselves from hepatitis B infection during working. Conclusion: The prevalence of hepatitis B infection and immunity were higher than non immunity.  Then, serological screening for infection and immunities was still necessary and could decline the cost of vaccination. Moreover, protective behaviors during wording of risk workers were so good. Key word: prevalence, hepatitis B, risk workers Vajira Med J 2006 ; 50 : 165 - 171


Superpressure balloons were flown in 2002 and 2005 in the winter polar vortices of both hemispheres. The balloons can drift for months in the stratosphere acting as quasi‐Lagrangian tracers of air‐parcel motions. The meteorological datasets acquired are used to retrieve small‐scale internal atmospheric gravity wave parameters using wavelet techniques. For the first time, gravity wave momentum fluxes are estimated over wide geographical areas and the results will help constrain gravity wave parameterization schemes used in general circulation climate models. The importance of mountain waves is confirmed, with largest fluxes observed in the lee of Greenland and the Antarctic Peninsula. However, significant momentum fluxes are also observed over the oceans, showing the importance of other wave generation mechanisms.


We have seen that for Aristotle, the soul is the organizing or unifying principle of a living organism. Now wherever there is unity, there is form. Hence, the soul is the substantial form of the body. Body and soul together constitute one living substance.


The article reviews a production of Euripides' Herakles mounted by Barnard Columbia Ancient Drama, with an historically informed vocal and aulos score. I discuss aspects of the treatment of music in both the play and the performance, and I assess the production in light of recent approaches to the musical reconstruction of Euripidean tragedy.


The defects in high-speed railway embankment will grow during operation. It will bring potential risk to railway safety. In order to develop an efficient detection method for the defects in embankment, a numerical simulation and field model test are carried out to study the influence of defect on wave propagation in embankment. A three-dimensional model of embankment and finite element method is employed, and the characteristics of wave form, amplitude response, and particle motion of sampling point on the slab are taken into account. The field entity model is a full scale one. It was built with materials in accord with the real railway embankment, and the construction methods were all the same. An elastic wave is excited by impacting on the surface of the entity model slab using a rubber hammer. The wave field is observed by vertical geophones on the slab. Common offset gather and common source gather are recorded for seismic imaging and elastic wave analysis. The result of the simulation agrees well qualitatively with that of the field test. It shows that the seismic imaging technique is effective for detecting embankment defects immediately under the slab.


Large-scale organised magnetic fields of the order of kG are present in 5–10% of upper mainsequence stars. The rotation periods of those stars span up to five or six orders of magnitude, with no evidence for evolution besides conservation of angular momentum during their main-sequence lifetimes. Explaining how period differentiation over such a wide range is achieved in stars that are effectively at the same evolutionary stage represents a major challenge. To address it, improved knowledge of the distribution of the rotation periods is a pre-requisite. Space missions have already enabled considerable progress to be achieved in the study of periods of days to months, and they will continue to do so in the coming years. They can also contribute usefully to the identification of slowly rotating stars. However, ground-based observations lend themselves better to monitoring the longest periods. The most extreme among the latter, which may reach decades to centuries, are of particular interest, but constraining them is also the most challenging endeavour. Recent progress in this area is reviewed, and future prospects and concerns are discussed.


Abstract : Two flow models are developed for the study of the interaction of a water jet with a chemical contaminant droplet on a flat surface which occurs in chemical decontamination processes. The interaction flow is considered as a two- dimensional viscous flow. Computer-generated plots are presented to show the flow pattern and the evolution of the contaminant droplet with various viscosities. The effects of the jet incidence angle and the jet velocity on the movement of the droplet are described. The computed result shows that the instantaneous impact pressure peak on the contaminated surface can rise much higher than the corresponding steady-state dynamic pressure of the jet.


Usually the gearbox casing of twin screw pulping extruder was designed by experience and greater weight. In order to reduce the casing weight under the premise of ensuring its stiffness and strength, firstly the casting lower box and the weakest axle in the casing were analyzed with finite element method by ANSYS software. And then the optimum design was carried out to take the minimum volume as an objective function. Finally, the welding casing has been designed as considering the manufacturing cost. The results show that the weight of the casting lower box after optimization is 22.95% lower than that of the experience design, and the weight of the welding part is 19.09% lower than that. The work has certain significance for optimum design of gearbox casing.


The present study investigated amplitude of the skin conductance response (SCR), heart rate response (HRR), and linger pulse volume (FPV) response components of the orienting response to a change in lone frequency following habituation training. Experimental subjects received either 5 or 20 presentations of a 1000 Hz, 70 dB training stimulus of 3 sec duration followed by presentation of a test stimulus. Half of these subjects received a test stimulus of 670 Hz (decrease of 250 mels), while for the other half, the test stimulus was a 380 Hz (decrease of 500 mels) tone. Two independent control groups received 6 and 21 presentations of the training stimulus respectively. This resulted in a 3 × 2 factorial design (N = 90). The results indicated that test trial SCR amplitude was significantly larger in experimental groups than in control groups and that larger responses occurred for a change of 500 mels than for one of 250 mels. Experimental groups also displayed significantly larger HRRs than did control groups, but within (he experimental groups, response amplitude was not influenced by amount of change. Length of training had no significant effect on either SCR or HRR amplitude on the test trial. For digital vasoconstriction, experimental groups displayed significantly larger FPV responses than did the control groups only after 2(1 training trials, and response amplitude was not influenced by amount of stimulus change.


Memory management has become an important part in developing real-time and embedded applications. The conventional dynamic storage allocation (DSA) algorithms have been considered inappropriate for real-time applications due to the unbounded response time and fragmentation problem. There are some new allocators designed to meet the requirements nowadays. Two-Level Segregated Fit memory allocator (TLSF) was proposed and widely used in the Real-Time Operating Systems (RTOS) like RTLinux. It has a bounded response time and quite good performance. However, there are still some problems with this algorithm and it could be improved. Here we discuss some improvements of the TLSF algorithm. Experiments show it has low fragmentation and faster response time.


Double-wire arc additive manufacturing could manufacture large-sized components at low cost and high efficiency; however, serious heat input and heat accumulation result in poor forming quality and limit further efficiency and application. An auxiliary gas process platform for double-wire additive manufacturing is introduced in this paper to explore the influence mechanism of the auxiliary gas on deposition during the manufacturing process. Monolayer and multilayer test results showed that the auxiliary gas had a stirring effect on a liquid molten pool and a cooling effect on deposition layers, and different auxiliary gas parameters could also influence the welding arc stability, which all acted on the deposition morphology. The angle between the auxiliary gas nozzle and welding torch had the greatest impact on the formation of components, followed by the auxiliary gas flow, and the auxiliary nozzle height had minimal influence. When the angle increased from 0° to 30°, the forming morphology gradually flowed. Furthermore, increasing the auxiliary gas flow rate led to the decreased sample height and a serious flowing defect. However, decreasing the nozzle height increased the gas pressure, which would also reduce the height.


Achievment tests are an important tool for offer valuable feedback about the level of success of the teacher's teaching and the pupils' learning activities. The goal of this bachelor's thesis is to construct and verify an achievement test for high school economics science. The theoretical part is devoted to the construction of educational achievement test and diagnostics. The practical part describes the creation of didactic test, its preparation, composition and assignment with goals of set the parametrs. Then it is optimized test and are designed recommendations for practice , including classification. The proposed test is ready for use in the second year of secondary school .


A supercritical carbon dioxide process has been investigated for remediation of polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) contaminated Job Control Wastes at DOE sites. A PCB surrogate, 2-chlorobiphenyl, was spiked into Toxi-dry, a commercial absorbent material used extensively for decontaminating and decommissioning at DOE sites. Supercritical carbon dioxide extraction of 2-chlorobiphenyl from Toxi-dry was conducted with pure or ethanol-modified carbon dioxide in bench-scale units. Extraction temperatures, pressures, and time were varied to identify favorable operating conditions, and the effects of cosolvent and extraction time on supercritical extraction of PCBs were also investigated. About 95% of 2-chlorobiphenyl was extracted from Toxi-dry by CO 2 modified with 5% EtOH, compared to just 53% with pure CO 2 at the same pressure and temperature. While increasing temperature from 40 to 80°C showed a clear improvement on extraction, increasing pressure from 2000 to 4000 psi does not significantly improve extraction efficiencies. Increasing extraction time from 2 to 3 hours does not increase the removal efficiency. The results demonstrate the potential of modified supercritical CO 2 extraction as a PCB extraction technology for DOE PCS-contaminated Toxi-dry.


Closed orbit calculations of the Alternating Gradient Synchrotron (AGS) were performed and the beam parameters at the Fast Beam Extraction (FEB) point of the AGS [1] were calculated using a modified RAYTRACE computer code [2] to generate 3D fields from measured field maps on the median plane of the AGS combined function magnets. The algorithm which generates 3D fields from field maps on a plane is described in reference [3] which discusses the details of the mathematical foundation of this approach. In this paper we discuss results from studies reported in Refs. [1,4] that are based on the 3D fields generated from measured field components on a rectangular grid of a plane. A brief overview of the algorithm used will be given, and one of the two methods of calculating the required field derivatives on the plane will be discussed.


City Visual Guidance System is the standard of communication in the order life, to the general, text and images can express all kinds of city mark, but the traffic signs which contains specific information need trained drivers through several conversion, which response delay time enough impacted on traffic safety, such as setting the hard deceleration strip on the road. This thesis presents the design of 2D stereo deceleration zone, with plane logo produced the stereo image effect, this active and timely means can ensure the driving safety, and does not damage the vehicle, also can be used for the extension, is a distinct patch of Road Visual Guidance System.


In the wilds of Africa, when it's time for a family of elephants gathered at a watering hole to leave, the matriarch of the group gives the "let's-go rumble" — as it's referred to in scientific literature — kicking off a coordinated and well-timed conversation, of sorts, between the leaders of the clan. First, the head honcho moves away from the group, turns her back and gives a long, slightly modulated and — to human ears — soft rumble while steadily flapping her ears. This spurs a series of back and forth vocalizations, or rumbles, within the group before the entire family finally departs. This curious behavior, measured and documented in a study published in the October issue of Bioacoustics, shows how this cognitively advanced species uses well-coordinated "conversations" to initiate cooperation within the group, said lead author Caitlin O'ConnellRodwell, PhD, a field biologist and instructor in otolaryngology at the School of How elephants know when to leave the watering hole


The adsorption of phenol by XDA-200,Macroreticular resin was carried out through static and dynamic experiments. The results showed that macroreticular resin for adsorption of phenol from aqueous solution adsorbed very quickly within 180 minutes and reached basic balance. With the mass concentration increasing the static adsorption capability for adsorption of phenol by macroreticular resin increased.The adsorption date fit the Fre-undlich adsorption isotherm well. Decreasing of temperature and pH was favor of adsorption.The concentration and adsoption flow rate can affect the adsorption. Desorption effect of alcohol was better than that of NaOH.


The decreasing cost of chip manufacturing has greatly increased their distribution and availability such that sensors have become embedded in virtually all physical objects and are able to send and receive data – giving rise to the Internet of Things (IoT). These embedded sensors are typically endowed with intelligent algorithms to transform information into real-time actionable insights. Recently, humans have taken on a larger role in the information-to-action path with the emergence of human-centric sensing. This has made it possible to observe various processes and infer information in complex personal and social spaces that may not be possible to obtain otherwise. However, a caveat of human-centric sensing is the high cost associated with high precision systems. In this dissertation, we present two low cost and high performing end-to-end solutions for human-centric sensing of physiological phenomena. Additionally, we present a post-hoc data-driven sensor synchronization framework that exploits independent, omni-present information in the data to synchronize multiple sensors. We first propose XTREMIS – a low-cost and portable ECG/EMG/EEG platform with a small form factor that has a sample rate comparable to research-grade EMG machines. We evaluate XTREMIS on a signal level as well as utilize it in tandem with a Gaussian


After harvest, macaw palm fruits show high deterioration rates when improperly preserved. A possible cause is the high fruit water content favoring enzymatic and microbiological degradation. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the effect of drying on the mesocarp oil quality during storage and to set the drying curve of macaw palm fruits. For that, two experiments were carried out. In the first, the drying curve of macaw palm fruits was determined at 60 °C, and mathematical models were defined for the process. Drying was performed with freshly harvested fruits (S0) and with fruits stored for 20 days after harvest (S20). Fruits were stored for 20 days after harvested and then went through drying. The fruits were dried in a prototype dryer at 60 °C. After drying, the fruits were stored for different periods (0, 15, 30, 45, 60, and 90 days) and evaluated for oil physicochemical parameters. When compared to S0, drying of macaw palm fruits in the S20 treatment showed a lower drying time until equilibrium moisture was reached. In general, all the mathematical models tested were adequate to describe the drying process. Fruits dried at 60 °C controlled mesocarp oil acidification for up to 90 days in storage. On the other hand, drying impaired the mesocarp oil oxidative stability. We may conclude that the drying process is efficient to maintain acidity during the storage of macaw palm fruits.


Abstract In this research are presented research results from the data collected and studied through direct interviews with farmers and SMEs in Albania. This study aims to analyze the importance of SME financing by MFIs and identify the role of microfinance in their growth and development. Aim remains the determination of the bonding strength and influence of every one of the critical factors to take into analysis. To measure the impact of microcredit critical factors in order to improve the performance of MFIs. These results are generated through an empirical analysis of IMFs in Albania and broke the are-consistent with the theory.


In most of the mammalian species, oocyte meiosis takes very long time and passes through several stop/go channels to generate female gamete [1-3]. Within the ovarian follicles, oocytes are normally arrested at diplotene stage of first meiotic prophase for a long time. Meiotic resumption from diplotene stage in follicular oocytes takes place after pituitary gonadotropins surge. Oocytes then progress through metaphase-I (M-I stage) to metaphase-II (M-II stage) just prior to ovulation in several mammalian species. Meiotic resumption from diplotene arrest to M-II arrest is a very important period because follicular oocyte achieves meiotic competency during this period. The M-II arrest is a physiological arrest in preovulatory oocytes and exit from M-II arrest normally occurs due to sperm triggering at the time of fertilization in most of the mammalian species including human. Studies carried out in last two decades suggest that the rat is an interesting and peculiar animal model among mammals to analyse meiotic cell cycle regulation in oocytes within the ovarian follicle and even after ovulation [3,4].


The invention provides high-protein nutrient dried noodles, which are made from the following raw materials in part by weight: 10 to 15 parts of chicken meal, 5 to 10 parts of fish meal, 10 to 15 parts of pork powder, 1 to 5 parts of coriander powder, 0.5 to 1.5 parts of ground pepper, 1 to 1.5 parts of ginger powder, 3 to 10 parts of soybean meal, 5 to 10 parts of glutinous rice flour, 0.3 to 1.0 part of edible salt, 20 to 28 parts of water, and 100 to 110 parts of wheat flour. The dried noodles are made based on a scientific and reasonable formula. The chicken meal, the fish meal and the pork powder provide a large amount of animal high protein nutrients as well as unique meat flavor to the noodles, the soybean meal provides vegetable proteins, the coriander powder, the ground pepper, the ginger powder and the salt enhance the meat flavor of the boiled noodles. The noodles are convenient to cook and have high protein content, unique mouthfeel and the like, and therefore are particularly suitable for people in need of high protein such as pregnant women and children.


The InGaAs quadrant detector (QD) is mainly used for high-precision position measurement and position tracking around the 1550-nm infrared band. This paper analyzes in depth the relationship between the light spot position and the output signals of the QD where the laser spot energy displays a Gaussian profile. It's found that the curve consistently displays an "S" shape, so a new formula is obtained by introducing Boltzmann function. Simulations and experiments result show that our new formula can achieve a much better measurement of spot position accuracy.


In this paper we consider a general class of optimal control problems involving integrodifferential equations. The integral equation component is a Volterra integral equation with convolution kernel. A method is proposed to approximate the kernel which gives rise to a system of ordinary differential equations approximating the Volterra integral equation. Thus the optimal control problem is approximated by a sequence of standard optimal control problems involving only differential equations. Each of the approximate problems is solvable by any of the existing methods for standard optimal control problems, such as the gradient restoration algorithm and the control parametrization algorithm. Convergence analysis is also carried out to justify the proposed approximation. As an application we consider an optimal control problem involving production and marketing systems with distributed time lags. This problem is then solved numerically using the proposed method.


The initial value sensitivity,balance properties and correlation properties of chaotic sequences based on Chebyshev mapping are studied.Performance of chaotic sequences is compared with Gold sequences in DS-CDMA system.Simulation results show that chaotic sequences have approximately the same correlation properties as Gold sequences.As an ideal choice,it is easy to generate a large number of chaotic sequences with good security.


Relationships of the number of larvae present and the percent and number of damaged squares and bolls were developed. Also developed was a highly significant relationship between the number of larval days and percent lint loss. These relationships will enhance the ability of economists to evaluate large scale programs such as the effect of removing certain insecticides from commercial use, eradication, or management of other insect pests and other pest management practices.


This article aims to provide the reader with a step-by-step guide to the accurate interpretation of the chest radiograph. It begins by discussing the importance of patient and radiographical featur...


The talk discusses the possible contributions of the WASA detector, relocated to COSY, to the exploration of the strangeness degree of freedom in hadron physics. New opportunities are opened particularly in the study of the hyperon-nucleon interaction, and in the study of hyperon resonances both in vacuum and in nuclear matter.


In mathematical education and research it is a rare case that books are used completely and in full detail. In fact, each course and each problem will require specific parts of mathematical knowledge. Slicing Book Technology provides authors of mathematical books with the possibility to help their readers to select what they actually need. Most importantly, these services can be added to already existing books. This will be demonstrated with results from the Trial-Solution project. We will also explain the work that has to be done to augment mathematical documents with these additional features for reuse and the tools that have been developed for this purpose. 1 Personalization – the Math Case In mathematical education and research it is a rare case that books are used completely and in full detail. In fact, each course and each problem will require specific parts of mathematical knowledge. Teachers and researchers will make their selections from the available material. In the following we shall describe a way to support mathematicians in this work. Such a support is also needed in education, where the learner has necessarily an incomplete knowledge and is not aware about her needs. In fact, while the learner proceeds with his study, the character of his information needs will change considerably. These problems are, in fact, not peculiar to mathematics. They occur in a similar way also in other fields. However, mathematics is rather explicit about its content. A proof and a definition will refer explicitly or implicitly the presupposed knowledge, or this knowledge will be just given since the item is presented in a certain context. The crucial observation for the following discussion is, that the services that we need to help our teacher and student, can be provided automatically, exploiting the natural structure of mathematical documents and making only those few properties of mathematical knowledge explicit that are really needed to provide these services. When we confine ourselves subsequently to Mathematics, this is done since we have most experience here. In this field – in fact, more than in other fields – documents tend to have a clear and precise structure with very fine grained and


While much of the scholarship on populist political communication focuses on its content and a verbal style, less is known about the nonverbal cues accompanying populist messages. This paper aims in filling that gap by providing findings of the study on characteristics of nonverbal communication of two Polish presidential candidates: Bronisław Komorowski and Andrzej Duda, traced during two debates broadcast on television before the second round of the presidential elections in 2015. The results revealed that both candidates employed nonverbal cues such as appearance, eye contact, facial expressions, or gestures that emphasized their references towards the people or negative attitudes towards elites expressed in their verbal messages. The study also proved that the methods used previously in research on nonverbal content on television observational protocols and analysis of facial expressions may be successfully employed in studies on nonverbal components of the populist style of communication.


Quantitative measurements of inherently three‐dimensional (3D) cardiac strain and strain rate require 3D data; MRI provides uniquely high sensitivity to material strain by combining phase contrast with single‐shot acquisition methods, such as echo‐planar imaging (EPI). Previous MRI methods applied to 3D strain used multiple two‐dimensional (2D) acquisitions and suffered loss of sensitivity due to magnification within the strain calculation of physiologic noise related to cardiac beat‐to‐beat variability. In the present work, each single‐shot acquisition generates 3D image data by acquiring two contiguous 2D Fourier transform (FT) images in a single echo train of an EPI readout. Although strain encoding divides across multiple EPI shots, each strain component is computed only within single‐shot data, avoiding noise magnification. Strain tensor maps are displayed using iconic 3D graphics or a simple color code of tensor shape. In a deforming gel phantom, gradient‐recalled echo (GRE) MRI movies of 3D strain rates match expected strain fields. In normal human subjects, 3D strain rate tensor movies of heart and brain comprising seven slices in each of seven cardiac phases were completed in 56 heartbeats. Stimulated echo (STE) MRI of net systolic 3D strain was also demonstrated. Two‐slices‐in‐one‐shot spatial encoding permits a complete quantitative survey of ventricular 3D strain in under a minute, with routine patient supervision and turnkey image processing. Magn Reson Med 47:665–676, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


Mass screening for the early detection of cancer, by the techniques of-exfoliative cytology, may become a reality if automatic aids can be brought! to bear that can increase significantly the number of smears that can be processed by cytology staffs and facilities. We are developing a key instrument toward this objective: the cytoanalyzer, a high-speed automatic device tQ eliminate the need for human effort now consumed in screening distinctly normal smears. This current development is an outgrowth of an earlier proposal by Mellors, Glassman, and Papanico1aou.l


Objective\ To study the relationship between the microvessel density MVD and VEGF expression in the serial sections of liver cancer. Methods\ Microvessels and positive cells of VEGF expression were assessed by immunohistochemical staining with monoclonal antibodies against F-VIII Rag and against human VEGF. Results\ Positive VEGF expression was found in 56 %(28/50) of the patients with liver cancer. MVD in the liver cancer and the normal tissue arround liver cancer was significantly higher in positive VEGF expression tumor than in negative VEGF expression ( P 0.05). Conclusions\ MVD in the liver cancer was significantly higher than in the normal liver tissue, and positively correlated with the VEGF expression.\;


This paper explores the increasing diffusion of digital labour platforms, i.e. online software which facilitates the interaction between buyers and sellers of paid labour services through matching algorithms and structured information exchange. Although the phenomenon itself has only recently started to develop, its prevalence is rapidly increasing. We illustrate the various forms digital labour platforms can take, frame the issues they raise in the broader debate on digitalisation and succinctly describe the various angles from which the Commission services have so far approached digital labour platforms in analytical and policy work. The paper also explores the impact the rapid growth of the considered platforms could potentially have on the wider economy and raises three sets of relevant economic policy questions, focusing on: • the contribution of digital labour platforms to overall labour market functioning (including wages) and productivity; • the possible impact of digital labour platforms on macro-economic aggregates such as GDP and total employment at EU and Member State level; • the impact of the growing participation in the labour markets intermediated by online platforms on public finances.


Differential and total elastic cross sections for the collision of unpolarized beams of hydrogen atoms have been evaluated for energies of the relative motion up to 0 37 ev (ka0 = 5). The cross sections have been calculated from accurate phase shifts derived from numerical integration of the radial wave equations using the interaction potentials of Dalgarno and Lynn. The effect of the identity of the atoms has been investigated.


The integrin family belongs to adhesive molecule. It is expressed in endothelial cell and plays an significant role in tumor angiogenesis. Many cytokines first increase the expression of integrin, then promote proliferation and immigration of endothelial cell through the augmented integrin.


The comprehensive paper by Dr Samanta and colleagues (March 2003 JRSM1) indicates that NICE guidelines may require greater authority in the courts in clinical negligence cases in the future. This may well be a correct analysis of the situation, but should it be so? Guidelines can only ever be just what they are called, since medical knowledge and practice is constantly changing. Therefore, guidelines can never be fully up to date. For example, a guideline about hormone replacement therapy twelve months ago would have stressed the value of this treatment for prevention of heart disease. Theoretically, at that time a menopausal woman not so protected who suffered a heart attack would have a case of negligence to claim. One year later, a woman so treated who developed breast cancer might claim that she had not been adequately made aware of the risks of cancer, newly understood.

The development of NICE guidelines seems to reflect dissatisfaction about medical practice in the UK. This is now hampered by at least two serious problems outside of the profession's control. These are, first, the nature of the National Health Service—a monolithic and grossly inefficient government-controlled bureaucracy that is working senior doctors to breaking point and has since its inception replaced the contract between doctor and patient. Until the personal contract is restored, patients will have little choice and will continue to receive less than ideal service. Medicine is an art as well as a science, and the trust between the physician/healer and the patient is often an important part of therapy. Each case is a sample of one, however commonplace the condition. A standard guideline of treatment for, say, thyrotoxicosis might be totally wrong, even dangerous, for a patient with preexisting heart disease suspected or known. This situation requires a specialist physician with greater than average knowledge and above all experience and ability to consult colleagues, and cannot be reduced to a formula. Guidelines are useful distillations of published data and expert opinion, but they must not replace the factors of judgment and experience that years in medical practice bring, or their use deemed as critical evidence in a court of law. From personal experience I assure the reader that, when one is seriously ill, what is required is a competent, experienced and reliable doctor, not a technician with guidelines.

The NICE guideline on pressure ulcer risk assessment and prevention, April 2001, is very much the province of both nurse and doctor. These guidelines are a detailed counsel of perfection, presuming the availability of ideal nursing care. Which leads to the second point: to be safe and effective, doctors need the support and trust of nurses. In the hospital service this is not always available. In addition to deficiencies in nursing support, there is a growing tendency for paramedical specialists of all disciplines (physiotherapists, occupational therapists, etc.) to operate independently of the medical profession, resulting in confusion and error for the patient and trouble for the doctor. Clearly a high standard of nursing and directed teamwork is vital to patient wellbeing and safety. Since it is the doctor who shoulders most responsibility, he or she must remain in charge of the patient.

It is worrying for the medical profession that lawyers are increasingly, whether intentionally or not, seeking to dictate the practice of medicine.


A new geometry-aware single-event enabled compact model for sub-50 nm partially depleted silicon-on-insulator MOSFETs is presented. The model extends the bias-dependent single-event modeling methods with an integrated parasitic BJT using the SPICE Gummel Poon equations and parameters derived from the manufacturer's process design kit, physical layout, and technology information. The model compares well with TCAD and test data.


The movement of nodes in mobile ad hoc networks results in a change in routes,requiring some mechanism for determining new routes.In this paper,a novel distance-based location-aided routing for MANET is proposed.By tracing the location information of destination nodes and the change of distance between nodes to adjust route discovery dynamically, the proposed routing algorithm can avoid flooding in the whole networks.Besides,the distance update threshold is set up to reach the balance between real-time ability and accuracy of location information of nodes.Performance results by simulation reveal that the new algorithm performs better than LAR1 in terms of the packet successful delivery ratio,average end-to-end delay and routing-load.


In this article we report the structural and optical properties of varying compositions of lead free inorganic perovskite (CsSnX3 (X = Br, Cl, I)) and its tunable photoluminescence covering the entire visible to near-IR region. Optical band gap studies for prepared inorganic cesium tin halide compositions show a significant (53.5%) blue shift in the absorption spectra as the halide composition varies from I to Br and Cl. As the halide composition was varied from Cl to I, an intense and tunable PL emission was observed at room temperature covering a wide range from Vis-near IR region (420–950 nm). X-ray diffraction studies revealed that undoped compositions were orthorhombic (CsSnI3), cubic (CsSnBr3) and monoclinic (CsSnCl3) in structure at room temperature. For mixed halides, the lattice constant was found to increase gradually as the size of halide cation increases from Cl− to Br− and I−.


Indian pin code is a six-digit string. Because of the writing style of different individuals some of the digits in a pin code string may touch with its neighboring digits. Accurate segmentation of such touching components into individual digits is a difficult task. To avoid such segmentation, here we consider a pin code string as word and the pin code recognition problem is treated as lexicon free word recognition. In the proposed method, at first, binarization of the input document is done. Next, water reservoir concept is applied to pre-segment a pin code string into possible primitive components (individual digits or its parts). Presegmented components of the pin code are then merged into possible digits to get the best pin code. In order to merge these primitive components into digits and to find optimum segmentation, dynamic programming (DP) is applied using total likelihood of digits as the objective function. To compute the likelihood of a digit, modified quadratic discriminant function (MQDF) is used. The features used in the MQDF are based on the directional information of the components. Our system on handwritten Bangla pin code shows 99.08% reliability when rejection and error rates are 19.28% and 0.74%, respectively.


U-series isochron technique has been applied to determine the age of impure carbonates that were blended by one natural detritus and a pure CaCO3 with known age in different proportions. The experiment was designed two sets: The first one was to evaluate the extracting behaviour and fractionating effect of isotopes U and Th of detritus during leaching samples. Another set was to examine the effect of acid attacks on both the carbonate and the detritus fractions in a mixture of different proportions when treated with hydrochlority acid of different concentrations. Both the leachates and residuals was analyzed for 238U, 234U, 230Th and 232Th concentrations, which indicated that the detritus dissolved by diluted acid have extracted U and Th isotopes based on constant proportion, thus the isotopic fractionation would not occur. For impure carbonates samples, all data points fell on the straight line, such good linear relationship between the isotopic ratios of the leachate and residue fractions could reflect the meaning of true age. The L/R method was applied to the artificial impure carbonate and the resulting age is found in agreement with the age of the pure carbonate sample, which showed that the technique was reliable. Therefore, for the U/Th age determination of impure carbonates with a higher content of detritus, the L/R isochron dating would be adaptable.


Purpose: The purpose of this study was to analyze the factors influencing the health promoting behavior(s) of office worker males in the COVID-19 pandemic by applying Pender's health promotion model.Methods: The participants in this study were 149 male office workers at companies located in S, G and S cities. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson's correlation coefficient and a stepwise multiple regression using the SPSS Window 25.0 program.Results: The subject's health promoting behaviors and prior related behaviors (r=.58, p<.001), perceived benefits of action (r=.41, p<.001), self-efficacy (r=.53, p<.001), social support (r=.39, p<.001), self-esteem (r=.47, p<.001) and commitment to a plan of action (r=.67, p<.001) showed a high positive correlation. The factpors affecting the subjects' health promoting behaviors were the commitment to a plan of action (β=.35, p<.001), self-esteem (β=.27, p=.005), prior related behavior (β=.26, p<.001), health status (good) (β=.20, p=.001) and self-efficacy (β=.14, p=.047). These variables explained 63.0% of the subjects' health promoting behaviors.Conclusion: During the COVID-19 pandemic, subjects are more likely to be exposed to disease due to reduced outdoor activity time and irregular eating habits due to the strengthening of social distancing. Health promoting behaviors are an important concept that can maintain health and prevent diseases. To improve the health promoting behaviors of men engaged in office work, it is necessary to develop and operate a health promotion behaviors program considering those variables.