This presentation addresses research that used terror management theory as a framework for predicting people's responses to terrorist attacks. First, a study conducted directly after the 7/7 London transit bombings shows that greater perception of threat is associated with a stronger call for harsh counterterrorism measures and with increased patriotism. Second, a study conducted among soldiers in Afghanistan shows that increased perception of threat reduces willingness to collaborate internationally. Third, another study conducted in Afghanistan shows that increased perception of threat reduces trust of the local population among Dutch soldiers. These results testify to the relevance of terror management theory for understanding how real-life threat affects interpersonal and political attitudes, and provides several guidelines for effective counterterrorism.


Manufacture schedule is a complex decision-making procedure because of numerous factors should be considered when scheduling.To make the computer capable of scheduling,it should learn the manager's scheduling behavior,which means abstracting scheduling rules from historical scheduling cases.This paper proposes a rough set-based method of abstracting rules, and validates it with an example.


Acoustic scattering from a bubbly cylinder has been studied experimentally to determine the utility of effective medium scattering theory for a well defined shape. A bubble filled latex tube was submerged horizontally in a large tank, and its backscatter strength was measured for frequencies ranging from 5–20 kHz. Results show that the effective medium theory continues to be valid at higher frequencies, provided the scatterer's shape is known.


Neighborhood-based rough set model is able to handle continuous data directly,and its attribute reduction is an important research field. To reduce the computation of attribute reduction algorithm,a forward-greedy numerical attribute reduction algorithm based on neighborhood-based rough set is improved by using a new heuristic operation factor,and the rationality of this method is proved. The result shows the presented algorithm can reduce the computation and improve the computational efficiency under the condition of obtaining the similar results.


The single mutant BRE204Q and tri-mutant BRI119T/T121S/A126T of bacteriorhodpsin were constructed by directed-mutation method. The M412 Flash-dynamics spectrum indicates that the life of M intermediate of the single mutant BRE204Q is 7.10 ms and the life of M intermediate of the tri-mutant BRI119T/T121S/A126T is 8.23 ms, whose lives of M intermediate are longer than that of the wild-type BR with life of the M intermediate 6.23 ms. The result shows that the tri-mutant has the longest M intermediate life which exceeds wild-type BR by thirty-two percent. The Proton-pump functional research of the two mutants illustrates that their proton-pump functions decresae compare with that of wild-type BR respectively and the proton-pump function of the tri-mutant BRI119T/T121S/A126T is the weakest one.


On the basis of single factor experiments,the optimum conditions for the extraction of mulberry leaves polysaccharide were obtained through Box-Benhnken center-united experiment design and Response Surface Methodology. The results showed that the optimum conditions of mulberry leaves polysaccharides extraction were as follows: the ratio of material to solvent of 1 ∶19 ,extraction temperature of 96℃,extraction time of 2.5h and extraction twice. Under such condition the extraction rate could be up to 3.094% at the first extraction.


This paper describes the importance of plant quarantine to the food safety in China through cases where plant quarantine helps to effectively intercept harmful organisms for food safety and promote export and import trading. It also presents the existing problems in plant quarantine work and appropriate measures.


The combined influences of the attributes are very crucial for the evaluation results in decision-making. In order to deal with the problem multi-attributes should be simultaneously considered, the thought of grey clustering is exploited to establish a novel grey clustering group decision-making model based on combination of attributes, and then it is applied into the regional types of the regional innovation in China. The results show that the proposed model can resolve the decision making problem with multi- attributes interaction, and realize the scientific and correct classification.


Abstract A century ago, Adolf Loos articulated a unique sensibility regarding function and posed the controversial idea that architecture is not an art. Fifty years later, Theodor Adorno, who supported many of Loos' opinions, contended that Loos' argument in this respect was critically insufficient because it lacked dialectical depth. The following discussion intends to demonstrate that Loos' thought was dialectical in the fashion Adorno believed legitimate. To do so, it is necessary to consider Loos' built works as a way of thinking complementary to his written ideas.


Hi-Technology conducts multi-directional analysis of a building's energy, light, acoustic, thermal, and air-flow performance for a sustainable, optimized building. The demand for sustainable architecture with applications of such performance-based Hi-Technology has been growing throughout the building industry. EAN Technology has categorized a few precedents that went through a series of total sustainable engineered consultations by key technology types to achieve green buildings that are high-performing yet cost-efficient. For the projects that have delivered both the best optimized building cost and performance levels were categorized into the following three: i) Energy Management; ii) Sustainable Building Performance; and iii) Integrated Sustainable Certifications Consultation.: First of all, in order to identify building's energy use reduction strategies and optimize them according to its program and size, a series of detailed simulations, the core of entire consultation process, was conducted to plan and verify building's performance to high precision. These are explained through the precedents on JW Marriot at Dongdaemun Sqaure and Korea Electric Power Corperation's Headquarters. Secondly, continuous total consultations were provided to develop strategies for target energy use reduction and optimized performance levels by category (i.e. energy, light, acoustic, etc.) that outperform the initial targets, from Schematic Design, to Design Development, to Construction Documents stages. These are exemplified as precedents on LG Science Park and Hyundai Green Smart Building. Lastly, optimization of design through an integration of both local and international (i.e. LEED) certification standards was performed at a large district-level scale. Such unprecedented integrative certification consultation processes are well-illustrated in Chungjin District's 12-16 Blocks and Chungjin District's D-Tower at 2-3 Blocks. EAN Technology uses innovative technological abilities of Hi-Technology to contribute in making better performing buildings based on sustainable architecture. EAN uses them to harness their applicability according to client's total sustainable solution needs and the necessary systems to be catered. We hope for the building industry's active participation in achieving optimized sustainable green buildings, as illustrated by the precedents in the paper.


Despite the enormous challenges staring Mauritius in the face, the country has been able to transcend its difficulties by consistently finding ingenious ways to thrive and ensure a steady level of growth across various economic and social indicators. Its chances for growth appeared slim for various reasons such as; small population size, remote geographical location from international markets, susceptibility to environmental hazards like floods and cyclones, and so on. However, from being a one primary product state, Mauritius has successfully diversified its economy and achieved remarkable year on year economic growth. It is categorized as an upper middle-income country by the World Bank, based on its gross national income (GNI) per capita, and ranks second out of fifty-four Sub-Saharan and North African countries. The strides recorded by Mauritius are no fluke, rather a result of dedicated policies and deliberate facilitative role by the state to improve the wellbeing of its citizens. Hence, this paper aims to highlight growth strategies adopted by Mauritius, which could provide insight for other countries.


Devolution framework in Kenya is anchored in article 174 of the Constitution which espouses the relationships where political, administrative and fiscal power is distributed to semi-autonomous territorial and sub-national units which seek to promote accountability, transparency, responsiveness and legitimacy in a state. For this to be achieved, the devolution framework borrows heavily on the objects of the Kenyan devolution framework to select key indicators like devolved units to measure the relationship between the devolution framework and democratic governance indicators. The devolution framework in Kenya promised a structural architecture of power relations that engenders democratic governance tenets of transparency, accountability and open governance. The objective of the study was to establish the influence of decentralized units on enhancing democratic governance. The study adopted descriptive and correlation research design. All the forty-seven (47) counties in Kenya were targeted, with five officers per counties forming the sample frame. Regression models were used to examine the influence of the devolution framework on democratic governance in Kenya. The study found that there was a positive relationship between decentralized units and democratic governance. This study addresses the existing knowledge gap by determining the effect of decentralised units on democratic governance process in Kenya is not direct but rather is through devolved units. The findings of this study therefore have implications for theory, practice and policy. The study recommends need to strengthen institutions and resource mobilization to the devolved units.
Keywords: Decentralized Units, Democratic Governance, Kenya


The Bankruptcy Abuse Prevention and Consumer Protection Act of 2005 went into effect on October 20, 2005. It's been almost a year since this controversial bill – the most significant modification of the bankruptcy code in 27 years – became law. The act makes it harder for a person to file for bankruptcy under Chapter 7, the Chapter wherein a person's debt is discharged in return for forfeiture of nonexempt assets. The key feature of the new act, and the one that is the most controversial, is that it introduces a form of means-testing for people seeking to file for bankruptcy under Chapter 7. For a person to be eligible for a Chapter 7 filing, his or her average household income for the past six months (annualized) must be less than the median income for households of the same size in the debtor's state of residence. If this requirement is not met, eligibility requires that the debtor not have "too much" disposable income. Disposable income is calculated by deducting a mix of actual and IRSdetermined expenses from the person's average income. If "disposable" income, so calculated, is enough to pay $167 a month to creditors, a Chapter 7 filing is not permitted.


The invention relates to a method for preparing cement clinker from high-proportion carbide slag through decomposition outside a kiln of a five-stage preheater. The method is finished by the steps of drying carbide slag, grinding raw materials, and sintering clinker. The step of the drying carbide slag simultaneously comprises the substeps of drying and removing impurities; the step of grinding the raw materials comprises the substeps of grinding, and discharging waste gas; and the step of sintering the clinker comprises the substeps of preheating outside the kiln, decomposing outside the kiln, calcining, and storing the clinker. By implementing the method, the problems of waste residue treatment in the conventional domestic industry for preparing industrial chemicals by an acetylene method are solved, the waste residues such as carbide slag, crushed limestone, limemud and the like can be utilized to the maximum extent, and the problems of environmental pollution caused by waste residue treatment are solved. The carbide slag with water content of less than or equal to 10 percent is directly dried by waste gas of a kiln tail; an additional heat source is saved; waste heat is utilized reasonably; through air separation of the carbide slag in a dryer, ferrosilicon is removed from the carbide slag, the problem that ferrosilicon blocks a grid plate in a mill is solved, the operation of a raw material mill is separated from the operation of a rotary kiln, the operation rate of the raw material mill is reduced, the raw material mill can adapt to various raw materials of carbide slag, and the capacity of the raw material mill is utilized to the maximum extent.


Gesture recognition is one of the most intuitive forms of humancomputer interface. Gesture sensing can replace interfaces such as touch and clicks needed for interacting with a device. In this article, we present a short-range compact 60-GHz mm-wave radar sensor that is sensitive to fine dynamic hand motions. A series of rangeDoppler images are extracted and processed using a long recurrent all-convolution neural network for real-time dynamic hand gesture recognition. Furthermore, we make use of novel data augmentation techniques for the proposed gesture recognition system to generalize for multiple users and operating environments. The results show accurate classification performance requiring very low processor footprint facilitating implementation in embedded platforms with real-time user feedback.


The extracellular matrix protein Reelin is an essential regulator of neuronal migration and lamination in the developing and mature brain. Lack of Reelin causes severe disturbances in cerebral layering, such as the reeler phenotype and granule cell dispersion in temporal lobe epilepsy. Reelin is synthesized and secreted by Cajal‐Retzius cells and GABAergic interneurons, and its function depends on proteolytic cleavage after secretion. The mechanisms regulating these processes are largely unknown. Here, we used rat hip‐pocampal slice cultures to investigate the effect of neuronal activation and hyperexcitation on Reelin synthesis, secretion, and proteolytic processing. We show that enhanced neuronal activity does not modulate Reelin synthesis or secretion. Moreover, we found that intracellular Reelin resides predominantly in the endoplasmic reticulum before it is constitutively secreted via the early secretory pathway. Epileptiform activity, however, impairs the proteolytic processing of Reelin and leads to accumulation of Reelin in the extracellular matrix. We found that both conditions, epileptiform activity and impaired proteolytic cleavage of Reelin, cause granule cell dispersion via inhibition of metalloproteinases. Taken together, our results strongly suggest that secretion of Reelin is activity‐independent and that proteolytic processing of Reelin is required for the maintenance of granule cell lamination in the dentate gyrus.—Tinnes, S., Schafer, M. K. E., Flubacher, A., Münzner, G., Frotscher, M., Haas, C. A. Epileptiform activity interferes with proteolytic processing of Reelin required for dentate granule cell positioning. FASEB J. 25, 1002–1013 (2011). www.fasebj.org


In a series of cases decided over the last few years, the European Court of Human Rights has been increasingly vindicating artistic freedom. It has been expanding the meaning of 'satire' as a form of art; excluding the protection of religious sensibilities from the scope of article 9; and gradually referring to the defence of 'fiction' in literature cases. Yet, a more careful analysis of the Court's case-law does not suggest that art holds a privileged status among other forms of expression. It rather suggests that the Court, albeit tacitly, operates a certain hierarchy of values: on the one hand, by privileging liberal – and secular – values, and on the other, by being mindful to preserve the States' margin of appreciation in issues touching upon public morality and public order. The paper submits that the Court could substantially benefit from an explicit consideration of defences for artists and writers.


Pondok Kesehatan Desa (Ponkesdes) is a development health service from Pondok Bersalin Desa (Polindes). Ponkesdes performance assessment is needed to monitor the quality of health services to facilitate the advancement of Ponkesdes.
This study was an observational with cross-sectional design. The samples were 70 Ponkesdes with simple random sampling. The variables of this study were organization factors (compensation system, goal setting, selection, training and development, along with leadership) and work factors (evaluation, work schedule, workloads, and working facilities). The statistical test used linear regression test with alpha 0.05.
The result of this study shown that the respondents had less of the directly and indirectly financial compensation system, and less of the non financial compensation system, with less goal setting, less selection, less training and development, but good leadership. Evaluation, work schedule, workloads were well but less facilities. Ponkesdes performance increased by 52, 8%.
The conclusion from this study was there no significant from organization factors and work factors with Ponkesdes performance in the Dinas Kesehatan Kabupaten Pasuruan. It is recommended that conduct a follow-up to this study in order to increase the performance of power, so it will increase people's satisfaction to Ponkesdes workers.


The abnormal shortening of a metatarsal (MT), being congenital or aquired, may cause functional problems, on altering feet support. Besides some deformities may be aestheticaly unacceptable to some patients, particularly females. We performed a retrospective, concurrent epide-miological revision on 28 records of patients that had MT lengthening for a short metatarsal. ( 21 patients with 9 bilateral.) These were the 4th. in 22 oportunities, followed by the 1st in 7, the 3rd. in 2 and the 5th. in 1. Etiology was in 20 cases congenital shortening, 2 shortening after equinus foot surgery and 1 after osteomyelitis. Seven cases had bilateral elongation, thus making 28 cases. Age ranged from 5 years to 20 years, with a mean 10 years. The indications for surgery were pain in 10 cases and aesthetic in 18 . All. were females except one. The Caracas group used a modified mini Anderson apparatus. After 1992 the apparatus was modified for the last 4 cases for one that could be placed only on the dorsal aspect of foot, thus allowing weight bearing. The application was performed under image intensifier placing the threaded pins perpendicularly to the MTT with transversal diafisis osteotomy, starting the elongation between 5th and 10th day at a speed of 1.5 mm weekly at a range of 0.5 mm every second day, in a period from 3 weeks to 8 weeks with a mean of 5.5 weeks. Ten had unilateral lengthening (83.33) and 2 bilateraly (16.57%) making a total of 14 metatarsal lengthenings. All were females and all had elongation fix-ation callotaxis according to DeBastiani. The cases were operated from 1987 to 1994 and with more than 6 years follow up. Age ranged from 10 to 15 years in 10 cases and 16 to 20 in 2 patients. The MTT mostly involved was the 4th. in 12 patients (85.71%), 2 bilateral (14 MTT), and the 3rd in 2 cases (14.29%), . The shortest MTT lengthened measured 3.5 cmts. Lengthening obtained ranged from 5 mm. to 22 mm, with a mean of 14.3 mm. One patient obtained 5 mm. (7.14%), another 10 mm. (7.14%), one 11 (7.14%) and 1 15mm. (7.14%), 5 (35,71%) from 16mm. To 20 mm. and other 5 (35.71%) from 21mm. to 25mm. Complications were pseudoarthrosis in 3 cases, delayed union in 1 case and angulation in 1. These were treated by reintervention and bone graft maintaining the lengthening in 4 and in the other, 1 pseudoarthrosis the lengthening was lost. The Buenos Aires Group with 16 lengthenings in 11 patients,used an external apparatus with 2,3 or 4 joints and threded 1 mm pins fixed in the metatarsal to length, dorsally. . In some cases the proximal pin was fixed to third cuneiform and in 6 to the the distal in the proximal phalang to aviod bending. This last mentioned method were not used afterwards because correct alignment was obtained fixing the apparatus only in the metatarsal. The corticotomy was metaphysoepyphisary lenghthening 0.5 mm daily starting the 8th day. Hospitalization time ranged 2.5 days. Minimal follow up was 2.6 years. Nine of 11 cases recovered the normal metatarsal formula. Pain disappeared in cases that had it previously but aesthetic requirements were not always completely fulfilled, special with the 1st. MT. Mean elongation length was 17 mm. Mean percentage ogf elongation was 40%. Mean duration of total treatment was 112 days, making mean healing time index of 65 days per every centimeter elongated. No axial deviation ocurred. All cases healed at callus site. The case of osteomyelitis had bone graft at operation. Complications were 3 superficial infections at pin site and 1 case of recurrent deep infection. An elongation above 50% of original length of MT should be avoided.


Abstract Infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV) is a pathogen that infects many Pacific salmonid stocks from the watersheds of North America. Previous studies have thoroughly characterized the genetic diversity of IHNV isolates from Alaska and the Hagerman Valley in Idaho. To enhance understanding of the evolution and viral transmission patterns of IHNV within the Pacific Northwest geographic range, we analyzed the G gene of IHNV isolates from the coastal watersheds of Washington State by ribonuclease protection assay (RPA) and nucleotide sequencing. The RPA analysis of 23 isolates indicated that the Skagit basin IHNV isolates were relatively homogeneous as a result of the dominance of one G gene haplotype (S). Sequence analysis of 303 bases in the middle of the G gene (midG region) of 61 isolates confirmed the high frequency of a Skagit River basin sequence and identified another sequence commonly found in isolates from the Lake Washington basin. Overall, both the RPA and sequence analysis showed...


This refreshing book tackles all aspects of evidence-based practice. Some books tail off when they have gone through the stages of asking a question, searching, fi nding, appraising and making decisions about evidence. But Jaqui Hewitt-Taylor stays to the end of the process, examining the process of change and getting evidence into clinical practice.


A sunlight readable night vision image system compatible three color display, using a KROMA (Kaiser. Rapid Optical Multi-Color Assembly) filter, has been designed for avionics application. The KROMA display, which uses a "monochrome" CRT and a liquid crystal optical switch, has been optimized for its color, brightness, contrast, and night vision image system compatibility. This approach provides excellent color saturation, high contrast ratio, and low NVIS (Night Vision Image System) radiance, making it attractive for using in night mission aircraft. This paper describes the design considerations in selecting phosphors, color filters, polarizers, and the methods of reducing the ambient light reflection.


Vivipary is commonly observed in many mangroves [1] , wherein the seeds germinate and seedlings grow wh ile still attached to their mother plant before dropping down to establish them or be transported elsewhere. Mor phological, ecological and physiological explanations have been put forward to explain why so many mangrove specie s demonstrate vivipary. Vivipary is the process by wh ich seeds germinate within the fruit, followed by s ub equent embryo development before the seeds are dispersed f om the parent plant. The germination of viviparous seeds usually occurs while they are still on the parent p lant (precocious germination), a relatively unusual phenomenon in angiosperms. Vivipary has been reported in fewer th an 100 flowering plant families, representing less than 0.1% of angiosperms [2, 3]. Here, we document the occurrenc e of ryptovivipary in Tagetes erecta L. for further research on understanding the viviparous nature in Tagetes and its ecological and evolutionary significance.


Tank 241-SY-101 (SY-101) is a double-shell, radioactive waste storage tank with waste that, before the recent transfer and water back-dilution operations, was capable of retaining gas and producing buoyant displacement (BD) gas release events (GREs). Some BD GREs caused gas concentrations in the tank headspace to exceed the lower flammability limit (LFL). A BD GRE occurs when a portion of the nonconvective layer retains enough gas to become buoyant, rises to the waste surface, breaks up, and releases some of its stored gas. The installation of a mixer pump in 1993 successfully mitigated gas retention in the settled solids layer in SY-101 and has since prevented BD GREs. However, operation of the mixer pump over the years caused gas retention in the floating crust layer and a corresponding accelerated waste level growth. The accelerating crust growth trend observed in 1997--98 led to initiation of sequences of waste removal and water back-dilutions in December 1999. Waste is removed from the mixed slurry layer in Tank SY-101 and transferred into Tank 241-Sy-102 (SY-102). Water is then added back to dissolve soluble solids that retain gas. The initial transfer of 89,500 gallons of SY-101 waste, diluted in-line at 0.94:1 by volume with water,more » to SY-102 was conducted in December 1999. The second transfer of 230,000 gallons of original SY-101 waste, diluted approximately 0.9:1, was completed in January 2000, and the third transfer of 205,500 gallons of original SY-101 waste diluted at 0.9:1 was completed in March 2000.« less


A paradigmatic change in education is due to the transition from teaching contents / information to training and skills development and, more, on developing meta-competences. This study aims to identify master students' perception (School Counselling and Career Development) concerning their meta-competences that confer credibility and charisma to teachers after COVID-19 pandemic. Significant results are analysed; and finally, we have conceived some recommendations for continuous teachers' training that propose to develop these meta-competences.


Scrambling effect on de Sitter horizon, which is a fundamental problem yet to be resolved, is studied from a quantum information theoretic point of view. We first study the evolution of quantum correlation in spacetime for three maximally entangled states. The effect of the expansion is described by an operator sum representation with the corresponding Kraus operator. It is shown that this map is a trace-preserving and complete positive map. It is found that the quantum effect in de Sitter spacetime can be represented as a noisy quantum channel by using these two properties. We suggest that our analysis of the relation between bipartite mutual information and tripartite mutual information can be viewed as a specific model to show the scrambling effect in de Sitter spacetime. For large expansion rate, there exists a small magnitude of the bipartite mutual information when the magnitude of the tripartite mutual information is large. This is congruent to the fact that scrambling means the difficulty of information recovery from the local measurement. Therefore, we conclude that there is a scrambling effect in de Sitter spacetime.


The invention discloses a microchannel parallel-flow heat exchanger, which comprises an inlet flow collecting tube, an outlet flow collecting tube and a refrigerant inlet tube, wherein the refrigerant inlet tube is arranged in the inlet flow collecting tube; the end parts of the inlet flow collecting tube and the outlet flow collecting tube are both provided with end covers; more than two porous flat tubes are arranged between the inlet flow collecting tube and the outlet flow collecting tube; two ends of each porous flat tube are respectively inserted into the inlet flow collecting tube and the outlet flow collecting tube; at least one end of the refrigerant inlet tube extends out of the inlet flow collecting tube through refrigerant input tubes; the periphery of the refrigerant inlet tube is provided with more than two connecting tubes; and the connecting tubes are communicated with an inner cavity of the refrigerant inlet tube and an inner cavity of the inlet flow collecting tube. A strip flute-shaped tubular refrigerant distributor is formed in the microchannel parallel-flow heat exchanger provided by the invention; a refrigerant enters the refrigerant inlet tube from the refrigerant input tubes at two ends of the inlet flow collecting tube; and the refrigerant is uniformly distributed in the inlet tube. The refrigerant enters the inlet flow collecting tube through flow distributing hole groups on the connecting tubes on the inlet tube. The microchannel parallel-flow heat exchanger has high integral heat exchange efficiency, and the refrigerant can be uniformly distributed in a plurality of porous flat tubes.


Pneumococcal conjugate vaccines contain a limited number of serotype-specific antigens of S. pneumoniae. It is important for vaccination programmes effectiveness assessment to control a variety of circulating S. pneumoniae serotypes. This review provides an analysis of pneumococcal serotyping approaches and further ways of improving pneumococcal serotype detection within the microbiological surveillance. Serological methods and multiplex PCR can identify a limited number of pneumococcal serotypes only. Whole-genome sequencing-based approaches can predict almost all serotypes and sequence types as well as detect antimicrobial resistance and virulence genes.


Objective:To study the expressions of 14-3-3σ and cyclin B1 proteins in breast carcinoma tissues and to analyze their relationships with clinical characteristics of breast carcinoma.Methods: Ninety-five breast carcinoma tissues and thirty corresponding adjacent tissues(patients were diagnosed in First Affiliated Hospital of Liaoning Medical University from Dec.2006 to Dec.2009;31-85 years old,median age 58 years) were included in the present study.The expressions of 14-3-3σ and cyclin B1 proteins in the breast carcinoma tissues and adjacent tissues were detected by immunohistochemistry PV and Western blotting methods,and their correlation with clinical characteristics of breast carcinoma was analyzed.Results: Immunohistochemistry and Western blotting results showed that the expression rate of 14-3-3σ in breast carcinoma was 22.1%(21/95),which was significantly lower than that in the adjacent tissues(93.3%,28/30;P0.05);the expression of 14-3-3σ was correlated with the histological grade,TNM stage,and lymph node metastasis of breast carcinoma(P0.05).The expression rates of cyclin B1 in breast carcinoma was 69.5%(66/95),being significantly higher than that in the adjacent tissues(40%,12/30;P0.05).The expression of cyclin B1 was only correlated with lymph node metastasis of breast carcinoma(P0.05);expression of 14-3-3σ was negatively correlated with cyclin B1 in the breast carcinoma tissues(r=-0.333,P=0.001).Conclusion: 14-3-3σ and cyclin B1 proteins are related to the progression and metastasis of breast carcinoma,and their combined detection may help the diagnosis and treatment of breast carcinoma.


This work presents the design and implementation of a large curved display system in a virtual reality (VR) environment that supports visualization of 2D datasets (e.g., images, buttons and text). By using this system, users are allowed to interact with data in front of a wide field of view and gain a high level of perceived immersion. We exhibit two use cases of this system, including (1) a virtual image wall as the display component of a 3D user interface, and (2) an inventory interface for a VR-based educational game. The use cases demonstrate capability and flexibility of curved displays in supporting varied purposes of data interaction within virtual environments.


Objective: To determine the meaning of caring for nursing students in order to inform development of a caring curriculum for a four-year Bachelor of Nursing Program.Methods: A hermeneutic phenomenological method was employed to explore the meaning students ascribed to caring in nursing. Students drew from their own experiences within the context of nursing education. Arts-based inquiry was used as the medium to elicit students' reflections of the meaning of caring. Seven nursing students participated in the study. Each student was asked to paint a picture capturing the meaning of caring in nursing, followed by one semi-structured audio-recorded interview. Data analysis followed the seven-step method of contextual analysis described by Diekelmann, Allan and Tanner (1989), and incorportated the methods of van Manen (1990).Results: Four themes emerged from the interview data: a) caring comes from within, b) caring is being the best you can be, c) caring is providing holistic care, and d) caring cannot be taught.Conclusions: Arts-based inquiry and the phenomenological method enabled in-depth exploration of the meaning of caring in nursing for seven nursing students. Arts-based inquiry can serve as an effective educational strategy for facilitating and fostering nurse caring among nursing students. The findings from this study have important implications for designing and implementing a caring curriculum in a baccalaureate nursing program including ensuring a caring learning environment is established for nursing students. A caring curriculum will advance student caring, and, ultimately, promote higher quality nursing care delivery.


OBJECTIVE
To explore the prevalence and related factors of osteoarthritis in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, and provided a scientific basis for the prevention of the comorbidity.

METHODS
The data were obtained from the database of all designated medical institutions in Beijing from 2015 to 2017. Data of the adult patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus were collected for descriptive analysis, and a Logistic regression model was used to explore the related factors of osteoarthritis in the patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

RESULTS
A total of 1 046 264 diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus adult patients were included in our study, with an average age of 63.07 years, and 50.78% were males. Among the patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, there were 341 561 cases with osteoarthritis, and the prevalence of osteoarthritis was 32.65%. The prevalence of females (38.05%) was higher than that of males (27.41%), and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). Osteoarthritis occurred in all age groups among the patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, with the highest prevalence of osteoarthritis in the age group of 65-69 years (36.76%), and the lowest prevalence in the age group ≤44 years (14.3%). Before the age of 70, the prevalence increased with age. Further analysis of related factors for osteoarthritis in the patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus showed that female (OR=1.62, 95%CI: 1.61-1.63), age (OR=1.01, 95%CI: 1.01-1.01), had other comorbidities (OR=1.19, 95%CI: 1.18-1.21), used hypoglycemic drugs (OR=0.79, 95%CI: 0.78-0.80), having the cardiovascular disease (OR=1.13, 95%CI: 1.11-1.15), having cerebrovascular disease (OR=1.25, 95%CI: 1.23-1.28), and having nephropathy (OR=1.61, 95%CI: 1.51-1.71) were associated with the osteoarthritis in the type 2 diabetic mellitus patients.

CONCLUSION
Our study revealed that the prevalence of osteoarthritis in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus is high in Beijing area. Health education and disease monitoring should be strengthened in middle-aged and elderly patients. Screening for comorbidities should be carried out as soon as possible, with the focus on menopausal women.


BOVINE immunodeficiency virus (biv) was first reported in 1972 in the usa ([van der Maaten and others 1972][1]). The causative agent, which is also known as bovine lentivirus-1, was originally isolated from an emaciated dairy cow with persistent lymphocytosis, lymphoid hyperplasia and perivascular


The photochemistry of the two hex-4-en-2-ones (1a and b), and the three 1-phenylpent-3-en-1-ones (1c–e) have been studied. Upon direct irradiation (1a) shows exclusively (E)–(Z) isomerization, whereas (1b) yields only α-cleavage products, illustrating competition between (E)–(Z) isomerization and α-cleavage for the hex-4-en-2-ones. Upon direct irradiation of (1c) no photochemical reaction is observed, but with (1d and e) products resulting from the α-cleavage reaction are obtained. Upon triplet sensitized irradiation (1a and b) yield the corresponding (Z)-isomers, but (1d) gives α-cleavage products. The difference in α-cleavage ability between (1a and c) on the one hand and (1b, d, and e) on the other upon direct irradiation is ascribed to the effect of α-methyl substitution. The difference in the photochemical behaviour of the hex-4-en-2-ones (1a and b) compared with that of the 1-phenylpent-3-en-1-ones (1c–e) is rationalized in terms of differences in the triplet state energy levels of the two types of βγ-enones.


This is volume 2, issue number 32 of The New Yorker, which makes up part of the chronology of the Texas Revolutionary Newspaper Collection.


3.3. Observation of pattern profile The cross section images of resist pattern at 22 nm half pitch was shown in Figure 5. Detectable resist top loss by rinse materials was not observed compared to pattern with DIW. This means wider process window and pattern collapse mitigation on the process with Rinse-D was not coming from shorter pattern height than that of DIW, but attributed the control of surface tension and the affinity between surfactant and resist.


Background: The Janus kinase (JAK) 1/JAK2 inhibitor ruxolitinib has been evaluated for patients with MF in the phase 3 COMFORT studies. In both trials, ruxolitinib prolonged OS, reduced splenomegaly, and improved MF-related symptoms and quality of life compared with controls. Here, we report the results of an exploratory pooled analysis of OS in the COMFORT studies at 5 years of follow-up. Methods: The double-blind COMFORT-I trial and the open-label COMFORT-II trial were randomized phase 3 studies that evaluated the safety and efficacy of ruxolitinib in patients with intermediate-2 (int-2) or high-risk primary MF (PMF), post-polycythemia vera MF (PPV-MF), or post-essential thrombocythemia MF (PET-MF). The comparator was placebo in COMFORT-I and best available therapy (BAT) in COMFORT-II. The ruxolitinib starting dose was 15 or 20 mg twice daily based on baseline platelet counts (100-200 and >200 × 10 9 /L, respectively); dose modifications were permitted for safety and efficacy. Patients were allowed to cross over to ruxolitinib from the control arm for progressive splenomegaly, defined as a ≥25% increase in spleen volume from baseline (COMFORT-I) or study nadir (COMFORT-II), or select protocol-defined progression events; crossover was mandatory following treatment unblinding in COMFORT-I. OS was a secondary endpoint in both studies and was evaluated in an intent-to-treat (ITT) analysis using a Cox proportional hazard model that estimated the treatment effect stratified by clinical trial and International Prognostic Scoring System (IPSS) risk. The crossover-corrected treatment effect was estimated using a rank-preserving structural failure time (RPSFT) method. Results: Overall, 528 patients were randomized: 301 to ruxolitinib (COMFORT-I, n=155; COMFORT-II, n=146) and 227 to placebo (n=154) or BAT (n=73). All ongoing patients in the control arms crossed over to ruxolitinib by the 3-year follow-up. Patient populations were similar between the two trials and their details were previously published. In the combined ruxolitinib group, 162 patients (53.8%) had high-risk MF and 139 (46.2%) had int-2 risk MF based on IPSS criteria. At the 5-year ITT analysis, 128 patients (42.5%) died in the ruxolitinib group compared with 117 (51.5%) in the control group. The risk of death was reduced by 30% with ruxolitinib compared with control (median OS: ruxolitinib, 63.5 mo; control, 45.9 mo; HR, 0.70; 95% CI, 0.54-0.91; P =0.0065; Figure A ). After correcting for crossover using RPSFT, OS advantage was more pronounced for patients originally randomized to ruxolitinib (median OS: ruxolitinib, 63.5 mo; control, 27 mo; HR, 0.35; 95% CI, 0.23-0.59; Figure B ). An analysis of OS censoring patients at the time of crossover also demonstrated that ruxolitinib prolonged survival compared with control (median OS: ruxolitinib, 63.5 mo; control, 28.3 mo; HR, 0.53; 95% CI, 0.36−0.78; P =0.0013; Figure C ). Among all patients treated with ruxolitinib, those with lower-risk disease had longer survival compared with those with high-risk disease (median OS: int-2, not reached [estimated, 102 mo]; high-risk, 50 mo; HR, 2.86; 95% CI, 1.95-4.20; P Figure D ). In a subgroup analysis, OS favored ruxolitinib compared with placebo for patients with int-2 or high-risk MF (data not shown). At 5 years, median OS appeared to favor patients with int-2 (n=58) or high-risk (n=89) PMF who were originally randomized to ruxolitinib compared with historical (Cervantes et al; J Clin Oncol 30:2981-2987) controls (int-2 PMF, not reached [estimated, 70 mo] vs 48 mo; high-risk PMF, 34 vs 27 mo); OS was longer among patients with int-2 vs high-risk PMF ( P =0.0003). Subgroup analyses showed that ruxolitinib provided an OS advantage regardless of age (>65 or ≤65 y), sex, disease type (PMF, PPV-MF, PET-MF), risk status (int-2 or high), JAK2 V617F mutation status, baseline spleen volume (>10 or ≤10 cm), anemia, white blood cell count (>25 or ≤25 × 10 9 L), or platelet count (>200 or ≤200 × 10 9 /L). Conclusion: Long-term treatment with ruxolitinib up to 5 years prolonged survival in patients with MF compared with BAT or placebo. Corrections for patients who crossed over to ruxolitinib suggested that the separation between ruxolitinib and control OS curves was primarily caused by a delay in ruxolitinib treatment. The results suggest that earlier treatment with ruxolitinib may provide a greater survival advantage for patients with MF. Disclosures Gupta: Incyte Corporation: Consultancy, Research Funding; Novartis: Consultancy, Honoraria, Research Funding. Mesa: Incyte: Research Funding; Ariad: Consultancy; Novartis: Consultancy; Celgene: Research Funding; CTI: Research Funding; Promedior: Research Funding; Galena: Consultancy; Gilead: Research Funding. Vannucchi: Novartis: Membership on an entity9s Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding, Speakers Bureau. Kiladjian: AOP Orphan: Research Funding; Novartis: Research Funding. Cervantes: AOP Orphan: Membership on an entity9s Board of Directors or advisory committees; Baxalta: Membership on an entity9s Board of Directors or advisory committees, Speakers Bureau; Novartis: Membership on an entity9s Board of Directors or advisory committees, Speakers Bureau. Sun: Incyte Corporation: Employment, Equity Ownership. Gao: Incyte Corporation: Employment, Equity Ownership. Dong: Novartis Pharmaceutical Corporation: Employment, Equity Ownership. Naim: Incyte Corporation: Employment, Equity Ownership. Gopalakrishna: Novartis Pharma AG: Employment, Equity Ownership. Harrison: Incyte Corporation: Honoraria, Speakers Bureau; Baxaltra: Consultancy, Honoraria, Speakers Bureau; Gilead: Honoraria, Speakers Bureau; CTI Biopharma: Consultancy, Honoraria, Speakers Bureau; Shire: Honoraria, Speakers Bureau; Novartis: Consultancy, Honoraria, Other: travel, accommodations, expenses, Research Funding, Speakers Bureau.


This is the first of two parts investigating the Flory-Huggins interaction parameter chi as a function of composition and chain length. Part I encompasses experimental and theoretical work. The former comprises the synthesis of poly(dimethylsiloxane)s with different molar mass and the measurements of their second osmotic virial coefficients in solvents of diverse quality as a function of M via light scattering and osmotic pressures. The theoretical analysis is performed by subdividing the dilution process into two clearly separable states. It yields a simple expression for the range of pair interaction containing three parameters. The parameter alpha measures the effect of contact formation between solvent molecules and polymer segments at fixed chain conformation, whereas the parameter zeta quantifies the contributions of the conformational changes taking place in response to dilution; zeta becomes zero for theta conditions. The influences of M are exclusively contained in the parameter lambda The new relation is capable of describing hitherto incomprehensible experimental findings, like a diminution of chi with rising M. The evaluation of experimental information for different systems according to the established equation displays the existence of a linear interrelation between zeta and alpha. Part II of this investigation generalizes the present approach to solutions of arbitrary composition and discusses the physical meaning of the parameters in more detail.


When performing an analysis of variance with a one factor repeated measurement design, the effect of the independent variable is tested by computing an F statistic which is computed as the ratio of the of mean square of effect by the mean square of the interaction between the subject factor and the independent variable. For a design with S subjects and A experimental treatments, when some assumptions are met, the sampling distribution of this F ratio is a Fisher distribution with ν1 = A− 1 and ν2 = (A− 1)(S − 1) degrees of freedom.


Abstract In this study, time dependent three-dimensional numerical simulations were carried out using the STHAMAS3D software in order to understand the effects of forced convection induced by mechanical stirring of the melt, on the crucible dissolution rate and on the impurities distribution in multicrystalline silicon (mc-Si) melt for different values of the diffusion coefficient. Numerical simulations were performed on a pilot scale furnace with crucible dimensions of 38x38x40cm3. The computational domain used for the local 3D-simulations consists of melt and crystal. The dissolution rate was estimated from the total mass of impurities that was found in the silicon melt after a certain period of time. The obtained results show that enhanced convection produced by a mechanical stirrer leads to a significant increase of the dissolution rate and also to a uniform distribution of impurities in the melt.


This article is the result of my research on the authorities of the People's Republic of Poland (PRL). During my study, I used the methodology of sociological qualitative research, specifically the biographical method, to investigate the operating mechanisms of the authorities of the PRL. I based the article on recorded interviews with 32 former members of the Security Service (SB) apparatus, as well as other biographical materials contained in the personal files of SS (SB) officers. While analysing them, I referred to research on the totalitarian system, in particular a paper on the subject of the history, structure and activities of the SS (SB). The aim of this article is to present the phenomenon of hidden religiosity among SS (SB) functionaries, which led to team loyalty resulting from knowledge of reciprocal offenses and the possibility of blackmail. Adam Podgórecki named this a "dirty community".


This is the first of three brief reviews of broad issues relating to malaria and development. It sets the scene and reflects self-involvement, particularly in respect of the influences of population mobility on the transmission of the disease and its control. Malaria is a complex of parasites–vectors–people, and these reviews emphasize the importance of people (Prothero, 2001). Throughout time past, malaria has been a factor limiting social and economic development, for example in Europe (Bruce-Chwatt and de Zulueta, 1980). Of the four malaria parasites that infect humans – malariae, ovale, vivax, falciparum – the last two are of major significance, falciparum the most virulent presenting the greater problems. The majority of infections are transmitted by bites of species of female anopheles mosquitoes, widely distributed northwards and southwards from the equator, in the former to the Arctic Circle. Endemic falciparum malaria is a direct cause of mortality among young children and of especial danger to pregnant women, while for others it causes debilitating morbidity. In epidemics falciparum infections are a direct cause of mortality among all who are nonimmune or have low immunity. Malaria was formerly more widespread but transmission is now largely restricted to the tropics and sub-tropics, though if there is long-term global warming in the future there will be potential for transmission in temperate areas now malaria-free. At present nearly half of the world's population live in malarious areas or where there is risk of transmission, with annual estimates of 300–500 million cases of infection resulting in between 1.5 and 3 million deaths. The majority are in tropical Africa, particularly among children, but malaria is a public health problem in parts of southwest Asia, the Indian sub-continent, Sri Lanka, southeast Asia and parts of Latin America. From 1897, when Ross elucidated the transmission of malaria parasites by anopheles mosquitoes, advances against the disease in the next 50 years were made mainly by Progress in Development Studies 2,1 (2002) pp. 53–58


This study presents a modal filtering approach to separate the structural modes of a high-rise structure using shaped film sensors. A building like model structure is constructed to realize the proposed model filtering approach. Since it is difficult to define a modal shape function for discrete parameter structures, analytical and experimental approaches are discussed to determine the shape of the sensor. In the experiment the first structural mode of the high-rise structure is successfully filtered and robustness of the sensor output against parameter uncertainty is also tested.


This paper presents a forward collision probability index(FCPI) considering the driving behavior for to alert and to assist the driver to keep a safety driving distance for avoiding the forward collision accident in highway driving. We use the time-to-collision (TTC) as a main factor for to calculate the FCPI. The index of FCPI is easier understanding for the driver even who didn't have any professional knowledge in vehicle technology. A self-learning algorithm for reducing the wrong warning is presented for to obtain a suitable FCPI for the driver that meaning is the calculating FCPI could meet each driver's behavior. For the value of FCPI, value 0 is indicating the 0% probability of forward collision, and values 0.5 and 1 are indicating the 50% and 100% probabilities of forward collision respectively. The experimental results guaranteed the self-learning algorithm could figure out an optimal FCPI index for each driver to meet his/her driving behavior and could reduce the wrong warnings.


In this paper an improved droop control strategy for parallel inverters in microgrid was proposed. Aiming at the voltage sags problem caused by the introduction of virtual impedance, a double closed loop control method based on measured voltage feedback was employed for inverter control in the microgrid. Firstly, the frequency response character of the closed loop transfer function with virtual impedance and the inductive variation was analyzed in the frequency domain, indicating that the improved droop control method is necessary. Secondly, an improved droop control strategy based on inductive virtual impedance with measured voltage feedback was proposed. Lastly, the Matlab/Simulink simulation results show that the improved droop control strategy can not only solve the output voltage sags of the inverter, but also improve the accuracy of power allocation of droop control, maintain the system voltage and frequency stability. It is proved that the improved droop control strategy is effective.


In recent years,owing to office automation and computer applications,most of the records to people's social activities as well as science and technology production activities rely on the electronic work environment.The interactive means and information transfer have been changed from paper to electronic media.So a large number of electronic files are created and it causes many new problems to the management of document archiving.Therefore,the studies to the problems have become an important task in record management.


Developments in filter media have enabled it to be used in unexpected ways. Ongoing military demands and terrorist threats have led to developments with filter media acting as a defence against potential chemical threats. Chris Sipes and Shannon Schoppman of Fiberweb explain.


The paper begins with some background on modern liner shipping and cargo interest perspectives before considering the Rotterdam Rules 2008 (The Convention on Contracts for the International Carriage of Goods Wholly or Partly by Sea), which could ultimately replace Canada's existing carriage of goods legislation. The authors explore the key issues arising from the implementation of the Rules, and discuss why, from a manufactured goods perspective, there will likely be limited acceptance by cargo owners. They conclude that the gains made in the areas of electronic documentation and greater clarity on delay, as well as altered limits of liability, do not offset the fact that most manufactured goods now move under confidential service contracts that may or may not choose to incorporate the Rotterdam Rules. On balance, it is unlikely that there will be widespread acceptance of the rules by those purchasing liner shipping services.L'article explique d'abord brievement les interets et les perspectives du transport des marchandises par navire avant d'examiner la Convention des Nations Unies sur le contrat de transport international de marchandises effectue entierement ou partiellement par mer (les Regles de Rotterdam 2008), qui pourrait eventuellement remplacer les lois du Canada sur le transport de marchandises. Les auteurs se penchent sur les principaux enjeux de la mise en oeuvre des Regles et expliquent pourquoi, en ce qui a trait aux biens fabriques, il est probable qu'elles ne beneficient que d'une acceptation limitee par les proprietaires des cargaisons. Ils concluent que les gains realises aux chapitres de la documentation electronique et de la plus grande clarte quant aux retards, tout comme les limites de responsabilite modifiees, ne compenseront pas le fait que la plupart des biens fabriques sont aujourd'hui transportes en vertu de contrats de services confidentiels qui pourront incorporer ou non les Regles de Rotterdam. Tout compte fait, l'acceptation generalisee des Regles sera peu probable pour les acheteurs de services de transport par navire.IntroductionI. Current thinking of governments on the Rotterdam RulesII. A comparison of the rules: Rotterdam Rules versus multimodal rulesIII. A case of damage as illustrationIV. Other issues for users of liner shipping: volume contracts and e-documentationConclusionsIntroductionMattel's 'all-American' Barbie, to use one of Levinson's insightful illustrations, was anything but all-American; her plastic body, clothes and hair all came from various factories in Japan, Taiwan and China.' Barbie was conceived in 1959 and this inexpensive item, relatively speaking, could withstand the cost of transport, be made half-way around the globe and still be affordable for a generation of female baby boomers.2It is now more than 50 years since Barbie (and her creator Mattel) demonstrated the power of global supply chains to transform international trade. Mattel took a value chain approach, later popularized by Michael Porter,3 and realized the wealth creation possible from outsourcing production, although not design or marketing, that eventually was the beginning of a wave of globalization and a symbol of commerce in the latter part of the 20th century. Until ten years ago, the inter-organizational cooperation underpinning such a value chain approach was founded on the concept of maintaining domestic design, marketing and financing of trading activities while outsourcing production, assembly and distribution to lower cost countries, so that the wealthy might become wealthier in a global world. Even that world has changed. As Thomas Friedman noted recently, "every product and many services now are imagined, designed, marketed and built through global supply chains that seek to access the best quality talent at the lowest cost, wherever it exists."4 Today, even design and financing may be crowd-sourced5 on the Internet.The legal regimes governing liabilities in international trade and transport have not kept pace with the changing reality of global commerce, although they have seen many variations since the 1924 Hague Rules6 governing bills of lading in the carriage of goods by sea were developed (see below). …


After examining the growth of concern about organized crime, the article critically reviews the arguments advanced for focusing on the money trail as a strategy for combating it, suggesting that the amount of money laundered may be considerably less than that commonly assumed. It goes on to contrast the powerful imagery of 'the new policing' with the modesty of the impact of these measures on convictions and confiscated assets in Britain and Australia, and attempts to account for the low yield there compared with the US in terms of greater American concentration on financial and professional intermediaries and more draconian legislation. After discussing the debate over the involvement of the UK Security Service (MI5) in the 'war against organized crime' and technological developments in laundering detection, the article examines the tensions, (a) between high level policing on the one hand, and devolved police budgeting and community orientation on the other; and (b) in the attempt to regulate the social conscience of finance capital without making it impossible for them to make a profit.


In this paper, we proposed a novel approach to the design of MIMO transceiver for channel measurement on the system level. Transmit symbols based on the Chu sequences are adopted in the transmitter. Based on the design, a hardware platform for MIMO channel measurement in indoor environments has been developed to complete the real-time channel measurement for further channel estimation. Using the hardware measurement system, a 2 × 2 MIMO channel has been constructed and the data collection has been obtained successfully in the indoor quasi-static environment. The experiment results show that the platform works well, and the collected data can be used for channel estimation.


It is important to recognize that many of the words, images, sounds, objects, and technologies presented at SIGGRAPH are protected by copyrights or patents. They are owned by the people who created them. Please respect their intellectual-property rights by refraining from making recordings from your device or taking screenshots. If you are interested in the content, feel free to reach out to the contributor or visit the ACM SIGGRAPH Digital library after the event, where the proceedings will be made available.


An elementary method based on the classical Green's functions for the calculation of the momentum autocorrelation function for a harmonic oscillator and a damped harmonic oscillator is presented.


The effect of separation distance between turbines on overall cluster performance were simulated using computational fluid dynamics software and we found that at a distance equivalent to two rotors, there was an improvement of +8.06% in the average performance of the cluster compared to a single, isolated turbine. A very small improvement in performance was noted at the equivalent distance of 12 rotor diameters. The performances of three individual turbines in pyramid- and inverted pyramid-shaped vertical axis wind turbine clustered farm configurations with varying oblique angles at a fixed spacing of two equivalent rotor diameters were also investigated. The design experiment involves the simulation of test cases with oblique angles from 15° to 165° at an interval of 15° and the turbines were allowed to rotate through 18 full rotations. The results show that the left and right turbines increase in performance as the angle with respect to the streamline axis increases, with the exception of the 165° angle. The center turbine, meanwhile, attained its maximum performance at a 45° oblique angle. The maximum cluster performance was found to be in the configuration where the turbines were oriented in a line (i.e., side by side) and perpendicular to the free-stream wind velocity, exhibiting an overall performance improvement of 9.78% compared to the isolated turbine. Other array configurations show improvements ranging from 6.58% to 9.57% compared to the isolated turbine, except in the extreme cases of 15° and 165°, where a decrease in the cluster performance was noted due to blockage induced by the left and right turbines, and the center turbines, respectively.


To the Editor: In the January, 1989, issue of the Journal of Dental Research, a paper appeared entitled "Increased Wall-to-Wall Curing Contraction in Thin Bonded Resin Layers". In that paper, the investigators demonstrated that in very thin layers, such as would be used in a cementing application, the curing contraction is three times the curing contraction applicable to thicker layers, such as a direct filling resin composite. They go on to state that if the bonded walls do not yield or only partly yield, then the stress on the bond will also be larger for the cementing application by a factor of three. The following analysis suggests a more favorable future for the resin-bonded restoration. For the case of a Class I inlay, the "in-line" components are the bonding cement, the inlay, and the tooth structure. The stress on the bond (SB) is equal to the stress in the bonding cement (Sc), is equal to the stress in the inlay (SI) is equal to the stress in the tooth (ST)*


Nowadays public administrations have to face many challenges related to Smart City initiatives and must coordinate these projects executing effective Smart City strategies with the adoption of an efficient portfolio management framework. Except for a few aspects, literature about this topic is scarce so this study was carried out as an attempt to evaluate the feasibility of adopting PMI's Project Portfolio Management methodology to handle Smart City initiatives. A specific survey investigating how much Smart City projects mirror portfolio dynamics has been submitted to experts across the globe and the collected results have been analysed according to our possibilities. Results are twofold: on the one hand, it appears that the Project Portfolio Management approach could be beneficial for managing Smart City project sets, on the other hand, the Project Portfolio Management seems to be a very suitable tool when the Smart City project portfolio is heavily influenced by external stakeholders.


Parallel to the updating of the legislation regarding health care workers over recent years —particularly with the appearance of the Framework Statute Act 55/2003, of 16 December—, a progressive insufficiency of the health care resources and certain mutations in health care needs has emerged. A detailed analysis of the measures implemented by the Regional Health Services reveals a lack of legal foresight as regards these changes, which are affecting and transforming the organisation of the public sanitary model. This article analyses some of the problems arising from the inadequacy of the staff to the health care demand, which the Spanish public health care system is facing. The need for health care workers is due to a combination of a series of factors: loss of human resources, lack of specialists in certain fields, a steady increase in the number of retirements without new replacements being taken on and, also, as the result of the globalisation and migrations of the professionals. That situation is reflected in the distribution of the working week. Undoubtedly, lack of personnel directly effects the organisation of the work time. The legal regulations that seek to harmonise the interests of our National Health System and those who work for the health service (the health care workers) come up against too many obstacles to be implemented; in particular, the way to combine work and rest time.


Canada is a large country with close ties to its wilderness heritage. This paper describes the extent of Canada's wilderness (both protected wilderness and remaining roadless areas) and discusses some of the challenges and opportunities facing wilderness stewardship. Geography, Forests, and Wildlife C ANAllA I S T H E WOI<LI)'S SE(:ONI) LAI<(;EST (:OUNTI<Y ( 7 % o f the \vorldh Imd art',~), \vith a I,md ,1rca ofne,lrly I O nlilliori xqu<~rc kilotiictcrc (3.80 million cqum Ini&)-about the size o f Europe*. (hlad,~ 11~s six b r o a d ph~Gogxphic rt>gioiis, itlcludill g tllc' v.ist (:.lliadi,lii Shield ( 0 0 % o f the country) , the' Illtc'rior I)l;litl\ (I S'X,). the <:ordillcr,111 I<egiorl (illclutiing <:mst JIKI I<ocky Moullt.litls-I 0%). the Arctic Isl.~~lds (#Xl). the App,ll,lchin~~ rcg:io~l (-I'%)), atlti the (;rcat L;~hrcsSt. L,i\vrcticc lowl,u~ds (2%). Approsinmcly .50% o f (:;~tl.~cia ih fi)rcstcd. w i t h rclllainiltg vcgct,itioti being prinm-ily tundra 01 grx~la~ids. Over 80% ofits forests arc boreal (or tniga) 6)rests; the rc'lil.linili~ 30% consist of pacific and castcrn forest types. I'ncitic forests include conml teniperatc rninforcsts which conipri\c about I'%, 0fCvlada (2% ofitc


ABSTRACT The attitudes of older Bulgarian women toward the political and economic changes in their country after the overthrow of the Communist government in 1989 are explored based largely on interviews by two well-known Bulgarian gerontologists. The thinking and voting of these aged in the December 1994 elections that returned the Communists to power as the Socialist Party is analyzed based upon the social change theory of Matilda W. Riley and the adaptation theory of Robert White. Despite their verbalized acceptance of the democratic and economic changes, elderly Bulgarian women in large numbers were influenced nevertheless by their personal economic plight to vote for the Socialist Party.


In recent years,there has been a great deal of research of improved algorithm about state estimation aiming at the problem of kalman filter degradation and divergence when it used in practical applications.The bias-separated filter,adaptive kalman filter,H~∞ filter,robust kalman filter are reviewed.According to their features,it generalizes and analyzes theirs application to the inertial navigation system.The algorithms enhance the accuracy of Kalman filter,reinforce the stability of the filter and improve the performance of the inertial navigation system.


In this book, Leah R. Clark examines collecting practices across the Italian Renaissance courts, exploring the circulation, exchange, collection, and display of objects. Rather than focusing on patronage strategies or the political power of individual collectors, she uses the objects themselves to elucidate the dynamic relationships formed through their exchange. Her study brings forward the mechanisms that structured relations within the court, and most importantly, also with individuals, representations, and spaces outside the court. The book examines the courts of Italy through the wide variety of objects – statues, paintings, jewellery, furniture, and heraldry – that were valued for their subject matter, material forms, histories, and social functions. As Clark shows, the late fifteenth-century Italian court can be located not only in the body of the prince but also in the objects that constituted symbolic practices, initiated political dialogues, caused rifts, created memories, and formed associations.


In recent computer networks, the same data are often transferred repeatedly. We have developed network nodes with packet caches in order to reduce such redundant traffic in TCP/IP network. We call the node TR node. In our previous researches, we had to set up locating information of the TR nodes statically for decision of their function. Additionally, the configuration with multiple encoding TR nodes was unacceptable because of cache competition. In this study, we provided information of location and status for TR node control using a new IP option. We enabled the TR node to decide its function dynamically and avoid cache competition autonomously with the information.


The extraction of Zn(II) from hydrochloric acid solutions by di-npentyl sulphoxide (DPSO), di-n-octyl sulphoxide (DOSO) and their mixtures in carbon tetrachloride has been studied. The extraction increases with increase in the concentration of the acid and of the extradant. The species extracted were found to be ZnCl2 · 4 DPSO and ZnClj · 4 DOSO. When mixtures of DPSO and DOSO are used for the extraction of Zn(II) from hydrochloric acid solutions, synergistic enhancement of the extraction of Zn(II) results. The extraction of the metal is inversely dependent upon the initial metal concentration and temperature of the system. The distribution of the metal also depends on the nature of the diluent employed.


One of the most important scientific research results in decades is the discovery of a boson particle that has the properties of the Higgs boson, which reiterates the importance of studying particle decay. In this paper, an introduction to common particle decays is given. It contains theoretical and experimental information. On the theoretical side, the paper discusses the concept of decay rate and branching fraction and dives into specific particle decays—the decays of the muon, neutral pion, and neutron. The theoretical results are then correspondingly compared with experimental results. The last section on the decay of the Higgs boson takes an experimental perspective, exploring the details of the data produced at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC).


Objective
To explore the feasibility of laparoscopic common bile duct exploration with choledochoscope by ductus cysticus for those with gallbladder stones and common bile duct stones.

Methods
32 patients with gallbladder stones and common bile duct stones were performed laparoscopic common bile duct exploration with choledochoscope by ductus cysticus from Jan. 2008 to Dec. 2013.

Resluts
All 32 cases were cured and stone clearance rate was 100% with 1 case had no CBD stone . One patient showed intermittent abdominal pain on day 3 after the surgery, and jaundice on day 6, by conservative therapy, both the symptoms were improved on day 8. Other patients had no biliary leakage, abdominal pain, and choloplania or infection of incision. No calculus regeneration or bile stricture occurred during following-up in the 29 patients.

Conclusions
With proper patient selection, laparoscopic common bile duct exploration with choledochoscope by ductus cysticus is safe and feasible.

Key words:
Cystic gall duct; Laparoscopy; Choledochoscope; Gallbladder stones; Common bile duct stones


Background and Objectives:Tranilast is an anti-allergic drug that suppresses the release of cytokines, such as platelet-derived growth factor, transforming growth factor-β and interleukin-1β. It has recently become known to be effective in the prevention of restenosis following PTCA (percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty). Subjects and Methods:One hundred forty two consecutive patients with angina who underwent PTCA between Jan 1999 and Jul 2000 at Chonnam National University Hospital were analyzed prospectively. Thirty patients (Tranilast group:60.8±7.7 years, M:F=22:8, 41 lesions) out of 48 who received 300 mg tranilast for 3 months following PTCA and who underwent follow-up CAG (coronary angiogram), were compared with 61 patients (Control group:58.1±11.0 years, M:F=52:9, 82 lesions) out of 94, 94 who did not receive tranilast but did undergo follow-up CAG. Results:The restenosis rate per lesion was significantly lower in the Tranilast group than in the Control group on the 6-month follow-up CAG (Tranilast vs. Control group:19.5% vs. 40.2%, p=0.021). The minimal luminal diameter was significantly larger in the Tranilast group as compared to the Control group (1.99±0.76 vs. 1.50±0.83 mm p=0.002). One patient of the Tranilast group suffered from liver dysfunction and stopped medication. Conclusion:The oral administration of tranilast is safe and effective in the prevention of restenosis following PTCA in patients with angina. (Korean Circulation J 2001;31(12):1274-1280)


Poly(lactic acid) (PLLA) and gelatin were successfully blended through solution casting method using dimethyl sulfoxide(DMSO) as a co-solvent. X-ray diffraction results indicate that the stacking structure of PLLA is altered, and semi-crystalline PLLA is changed into amorphous structure during the dissolved PLLA in DMSO is redried. The relaxation time of raw PLLA and PLLA/gelatin blend membranes with various ratios were measured by solid state (~(13)C CP/)MAS NMR. It shows that the relaxation time of PLLA100 and other blend samples increase compared to those of original PLLA, suggesting an increased molecular motion, which further demonstrates that semi-crystalline PLLA has become an amorphous structure after it is dissolved in DMSO and redried.


The paper introduces a framework based on constructive conditional logics to define axiomatization, semantics and proof methods for access control logics. We formalize the well known says operator as a conditional normal modality and, by considering some specific combinations of access control axioms, we define four access control logics, namely, CondUC ACL , Cond U4 ACL , CondIC ACL and Cond I4 ACL . Such logics integrate access control logics with intuitionistic conditional logics and provide a natural formulation of boolean principals. The well known "speaks for" operator introduced in the logic ABLP is defined on the top of the says modality. We provide a Kripke model semantics for the logics and we prove that their axiomatization is sound and complete with respect to the semantics. Also, we develop sound, complete, cut-free sequent calculi for them. For the logic CondUC ACL , which (as concerns atomic principals) is slightly stronger than the logic ICL recently introduced by Garg and Abadi, we also provide a terminating sequent calculus, thus proving that the logic is decidable and that validity in CondUC ACL is in PSPACE.


Just under 40% of children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are first diagnosed by a pediatrician, and almost all are using valid diagnostic tools as recommended by AAP guidelines, according to a new report from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).

Pediatricians


Elucidating drug targets, potential indications and side effects are fundamental challenges in drug development. Key to addressing these challenges are methods that can integrate similarity information on drugs, genes, diseases and side effects from multiple sources. We present an array of similarity-based methods to predict drug properties that are extensible to additional emerging similarity measures among drug- and disease-related entities.


Invitrogen's Gateway technology is a recombination‐based cloning method that allows for rapid transfer of numerous open reading frames (ORFs) into multiple plasmid vectors, making it useful for diverse high‐throughput applications. Gateway technology has been utilized to create an ORF library for Myxoma virus (MYXV), a member of the Poxviridae family of DNA viruses. MYXV is the prototype virus for the genus Leporipoxvirus, and is pathogenic only in European rabbits. MYXV replicates exclusively in the host cell cytoplasm, and its genome encodes 171 ORFs. A number of these ORFs encode proteins that interfere with or modulate host defense mechanisms, particularly the inflammatory responses. Furthermore, MYXV is able to productively infect a variety of human cancer cell lines and is being developed as an oncolytic virus for treating human cancers. MYXV is therefore an excellent model for studying poxvirus biology, pathogenesis, and host tropism, and a good candidate for ORFeome development. Curr. Protoc. Microbiol. 21:14A.2.1‐14A.2.29. © 2011 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.


ALTHOUGH the anemia of prematurity has long commanded the attention of pediatricians, there still exists a striking lack of agreement concerning most aspects of this syndrome. Many diverse theories relating to the pathogenesis of the anemia of premature infants are still taught, and many diverse modes of prophylaxis and therapy are based upon these theories. Thus the anemia has been variously considered to result from (1) excessive hemolysis,* (2) deficient antenatal stores of hematopoietic factors, 3 (3) bone marrow immaturity,† and (4) rapid growth and hemodilution. 6 The opinions concerning the role of iron in the etiology, prophylaxis, and therapy of the anemia of prematurity are equally variable and range from those which claim no value of iron whatever to those which claim striking benefit.‡ The value of blood transfusion in the management of the anemia of prematurity likewise remains a point of current debate, with widely divergent practices employed


The title imidazo [4,5-b] pyridine derivative, C16H14BrN3O2, crystallizes with two independent molecules (1 and 2) in the asymmetric unit. In molecule 1, the pendant phenyl ring is inclined to the imidazo[4,5-b]pyridine core by 43.10 (4)° while in molecule 2 the corresponding angle is 49.43 (4)°. The two molecules differ primarily in the conformations of the ester substituents. In the crystal, molecules are linked via C—H⋯N and C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds, forming sheets parallel to the ab plane.


NASA's Autonomous Landing Hazard Avoidance Technology project recently completed its third free-flight test on the Morpheus prototype lander April 30, demonstrating its ability to navigate and determine safe landing sites on planetary surfaces.


Background The potential reservoirs of visceral leishmaniasis (VL) in South Asia include asymptomatic and relapsed cases of VL, along with patients with post kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis (PKDL). Accordingly, accurate estimation of their parasite load is pivotal for ensuring disease elimination, presently targeted for 2023. Serological tests cannot accurately detect relapses and/or monitor treatment effectiveness, and therefore, parasite antigen/nucleic acid based detection assays remain the only viable option. An excellent option is the quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) but the high cost, technical expertise and time involved precludes its wider acceptability. Accordingly, the recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA) assay operated in a mobile suitcase laboratory has emerged not simply as a diagnostic tool for leishmaniasis but also to monitor the disease burden. Methodology/Principal findings Using total genomic DNA isolated from peripheral blood of confirmed VL cases (n = 40) and lesional biopsies of PKDL cases (n = 64), the kinetoplast-DNA based qPCR and RPA assay was performed and parasite load expressed as Cycle threshold (Ct) and Time threshold (Tt) respectively. Using qPCR as the gold standard, the diagnostic specificity and sensitivity of RPA in naïve cases of VL and PKDL was reiterated. To assess the prognostic potential of the RPA, samples were analyzed immediately at the end of treatment or ≥6 months following completion of treatment. In cases of VL, the RPA assay in terms of cure and detection of a relapse case showed 100% concordance with qPCR. In PKDL following completion of treatment, the overall detection concordance between RPA and qPCR was 92.7% (38/41). At the end of treatment for PKDL, 7 cases remained qPCR positive, whereas RPA was positive in only 4/7 cases, perhaps attributable to their low parasite load. Conclusions/Significance This study endorsed the potential of RPA to evolve as a field applicable, molecular tool for monitoring parasite load, possibly at a point of care level and is worthy of consideration in resource limited settings.


I conjecture three identities for the determinant of adjacency matrices of graphene triangles and trapezia with Bloch (and more general) boundary conditions. For triangles, the parametric determinant is equal to the characteristic polynomial of the symmetric Pascal matrix. For trapezia it is equal to the determinant of a sub-matrix. Finally, the determinant of the tight binding matrix equals its permanent. The conjectures are supported by analytic evaluations and Mathematica, for moderate sizes. They establish connections with counting problems of partitions, lozenge tilings of hexagons, dense loops on a cylinder.


We present the results of a Bayesian analysis of a Regge model for K+Λ photoproduction. The model is based on the exchange of K+(494) and K*+(892) trajectories in the t-channel. For different prior widths, we find decisive Bayesian evidence (Δ ln Ƶ ≈ 24) for a K+Λ photoproduction Regge model with a positive vector coupling and a negative tensor coupling constant for the K*+(892) trajectory, and a rotating phase factor for both trajectories. Using the χ2 minimization method, one could not draw this conclusion from the same dataset.


Abstract : In this paper we present our work on the ad-hoc search and the tweet timeline generation (TTG) tasks of TREC-2014 Microblog track. Regarding the ad-hoc search task, we used our best developed system over the last year, which include hyperlink-based query expansion and re-ranking models fusion. For the new tweet timeline generation task, we applied a straightforward and simple approach, which depends on clustering retrieval results based on Jaccard similarities between tweets. Our best adhoc results achieved the fifth rank and seventh rank among 21 participating groups when evaluated using P@30 and MAP respectively. However, our best TTG run achieved the second rank among participants, which shows that our simple TTG approach was more effective than most of the used TTG systems in TREC.


Taking the Zeeman Effect experiment as an example,this article explores the existing problems and puts forward some measures to deal with them.This research will have significant implication for training students' consciousness and ability of innovation and thus it can promote the reform of experiment teaching in the institutions of higher learning.


Multidimensional index structures enable searching in spatial, image, text, audio, and video databases. Current multidimensional index structures do not scale with database size, data dimensionality, and the number of concurrent users operating on them. In this thesis, we first propose new techniques for fast searching in low-dimensional databases, such as spatial and geographic information systems, and in high-dimensional databases, such as image, audio, video and text documents. We then examine the time complexity of searching in such multidimensional databases and propose optimal index structures. We also explore other alternatives such as parallel processing to improve query performance. These techniques concentrate only on the performance of individual query or update operations. In the final portion of the thesis, we develop new concurrency control protocols to achieve high throughput in the presence of multiple users. Together, these techniques achieve scalability with the number of users, the database size, and the data dimensionality.


Introduction No evidence of disease activity (NEDA; no relapses, MRI activity, or Expanded Disability Status Scale worsening) is considered a multiple sclerosis (MS) treatment goal. We assessed the independent contributions of NEDA components, serum neurofilament light (sNfL), brain parenchymal fraction (BPF), and other clinical outcomes in defining disease control with natalizumab. Methods We used AFFIRM data from 792 patients to assess change (baseline to year [Y] 2) in NEDA com- ponents, worsening of Paced Auditory Serial Addition Test, 9-Hole Peg Test, Timed 25-Foot Walk, change (Y1-Y2) in BPF, and Y2 sNfL levels. Comparisons included odds ratios (ORs) for natalizumab vs placebo and area under the receiver-operating characteristic curve (AUC). Results No MRI activity (OR=9.3; AUC=0.73; P<0.0001 vs. placebo), no relapses (2.7; 0.62; P<0.0001), and sNfL <8 pg/mL (4.1; 0.67; P<0.0001) had the strongest association with natalizumab. The best-fit multivariate logistic regression model included no MRI activity (OR=7.6; 95% CI=5.0–11.5; P<0.0001), sNfL (3.1; 2.2–4.5; P<0.0001) and no relapses (2.1; 1.5–3.0; P<0.0001). Conclusion MRI activity, sNfL, and relapses had the strongest natalizumab treatment association over 2 years in AFFIRM. sNfL may be useful in defining disease control with natalizumab. *Additional authors: Richard A. Rudick (Biogen, Cambridge, MA, USA), Al Sandrock (Biogen, Cambridge, MA, USA). Support: Biogen. Disclosures: Included on poster. firstname.lastname@example.com


The increased pyruvate dehydrogenase activity in fat-pads exposed to insulin (Coore, Denton, Martin & Randle, 1971) persists in mitochondria prepared from isolated fat-cells by the method of Martin & Denton (1970). Exposure of fat-pads and subsequently cells to insulin increased the pyruvate dehydrogenase/glutamate dehydrogenase activity ratio in extracts of mitochondria prepared from them by 80±15% (12). Exposure to insulin also increased the rate of conversion of pyruvate into citrate by intact mitochondria incubated with pyruvate +bicarbonate or pyruvate + malate. Liin, Pettit & Reed (1969) find that pyruvate dehydrogenase from kidney, liver or heart can occur in phosphorylated (inactive) and non-phosphorylated (active) forms, which may be interconverted by an ATP-requiring kinase and an Mg2+-activated phosphatase. Similar transformations of fat-pad pyruvate dehydrogenase can be assumed from the following. In an extract of fat-cell mitochondria prepared in 30mM-phosphate buffer, pH7.0, containing 0.5mM-magnesium chloride, 5mM-2-mercaptoethanol and 1 jug ofoligomycin/mnithepyruvate dehydrogenase/glutamate dehydrogenase activity ratio was 0.28 throughout incubation for 30min at 30°C. With addition of l0mM%-magnesium chloride the ratio rose to 0.53 and with addition of 0.1 mmATP the ratio fell to 0.04 (within 30min). The effect of 10mM-magnesium chloride could be reversed by subsequent dilution and addition of 0.1 mM-ATP, and that of 0.1mM-ATP by subsequent addition of 10mM-magnesium chloride. Addition of 5mM-ATP to intact mitochondria incubated with pyruvate (5mm), malate (5mM), carbonyl cyanide p-chlorophenylhydrazide (0.5 /tM) and oligomycin (0.5,ug/ml) for 5min was found to decrease the conversion of pyruvate into citrate by 35%/ and the activity of extracted pyruvate dehydrogenase was halved. When extracts of mitochondria prepared from adipose tissue with or without insulin were incubated with 10mM-magnesium chloride before assay the effects of insulin on pyruvate dehydrogenase activity were largely eliminated. This finding, together with the observation that insulin activation of pyruvate dehydrogenase did not alter the Km for pyruvate (67 tM), suggests that insulin action may increase the proportion of active (dephospho) pyruvate dehydrogenase. The mechanism of activation by insulin and of reversal by adrenaline are not known. An obvious mechanism is one involving cyclic AMP (adenosine cyclic 3': 5'monophosphate), but no clear inhibitory effects of cyclic AMP on pyruvate dehydrogenase activity in intact mitochondria or mitochondrial extracts have been found.


A package-type carrier, wherein a packaged object that is a biosensor can be easily taken out of the package-type carrier and attached to a measuring device without touching the packaged object. A package-type carrier (10) has an unsealed portion (15) outside a sealed portion (12) and near a connection electrode of a biosensor (16), and has, at the end of or near the unsealed portion (15), a leading end processed portion (14) such that a space (18) is provided in a portion between an upper cover (11a) and a lower cover (11b) of the package-type carrier (10).


Design and development of a radiochemical SC/sub 2/ monitor is reported. A demonstration model was constructed in addition to a smaller portable prototype monitor. A radiochemical system was investigated which utilizes lithium aluminum tritide as the radioactive salt. The sensitivity and usefulness of this system as both a quantitative and qualitative tool were demonstrated. Quinal -K/sup 85/ clathrate was successfully prepared by the fusion technique. Properties of this compound were investigated and its sensitivity to ozone was demonstrated. Development of a lithiumaluminum hydride system capable of detecting any active hydrogen compound and any hydrocarbon upon combustion is reported. This system in conjunction with the clathrate system allows for the determination of many oxidizing and reducing systems. (J.R.D.)


In recent years, forest fires have become an important issue in Central Europe. To model the probability of the occurrence of forest fires in the Lower Silesian Voivodeship of Poland, historical fire data and several types of predictors were collected or generated, including topographic, vegetation, climatic, and anthropogenic features. The main objectives of this study were to determine the importance of the predictors of forest fire occurrence and to map the probability of forest fire occurrence. The H2O driverless artificial intelligence (DAI) cloud platform was used to model forest fire probability. The gradient boosted machine (GBM) and random forest (RF) methods were applied to assess the probability of forest fire occurrence. Evaluation the importance of the variables was performed using the H2O platform permutation method. The most important variables were the presence of coniferous forest and the distance to agricultural land according to the GBM and RF methods, respectively. Model validation was conducted using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. The areas under the curve (AUCs) of the ROC plots from the GBM and RF models were 83.3% and 81.3%, respectively. Based on the results obtained, the GBM model can be recommended for the mapping of forest fire occurrence in the study area.


FIELD: radio engineering, communication. SUBSTANCE: communication system includes a processing unit component, a component data module, a memory for storing component data, a control module, two short-range communication interfaces. The first component data module contains a on-board processor, a memory, a control module, two short-range communication interfaces. The second component data module comprises an on-board processor and memory, a control module, a processor, a short-range communication interface. For data communication of process unit components, source data of the component are stored in the memory, operation data are supplied to the input for writing in the memory in the operation mode, the control module and the component data access program are stored in the memory, and when the component data access program is executed, the short-range communication interface is provided for access to the source component data and operation data. EFFECT: provision of access to information relating to the operation and diagnosis of the components in the process unit control system and its processing in real time. 28 cl, 4 dwg


In this paper, a backstepping adaptive control method based on Kalman data fusion (KDF-BAC) is proposed to solve parametric and non-parametric as well as state variables in manipulator dynamics model. Firstly, the non-parametric uncertainties are regarded as internal disturbances to simplify the dynamics model of the manipulator. Secondly the backstepping control law is derived using the idea of recursive design, and the adaptive method is used to identify the uncertain parameters to provide the estimated value of unknown parameters for the backstepping control law. Finally, the Kalman data fusion method is used to reduce the uncertainty of the velocity information, and the most reliable estimate value is obtained, which is fed back to the controller. The simulation results show that the proposed KDF-BAC can reduce the influence of manipulator uncertainties on trajectory tracking performance, and has better control effect than adaptive control and backstepping control.


AlGaN/GaN heterostructure field effect transistors (HFETs) were fabricated with and without source field plates (SFP) on high resistivity Si (111) substrates. A single chip GaN HFET with a SFP achieved a saturated output power (Psat) of 368W (10.2W/mm) with 70% maximum drain efficiency (ηmax) when operated under pulsed RF conditions and a drain bias of 60V.


Abundant intra and inter prediction modes contribute to the superior coding performance of the AVS video coding standard remarkably. However, the resulting implementation complexity is very high, and the real-time throughput is dramatically challenged especially in high definition video coding. So, hardware implementation is highly desired, and hardware oriented mode decision algorithm is mainly focused in this paper. Mode pre-selection is employed to alleviate the dramatic throughout burden. Also, intelligent mode decision pipeline schedule mechanism is proposed to break the intrinsic data dependency in intra prediction which is harmful for hardware pipelining. The proposed mode decision is well-suited for hardware implementation, and the resulting performance penalties are simulated and shown. KeywordsAVS; mode decision; pipelin, data dependency


This paper presents the results of a study to develop an automated analytical tool for establishing the role of man vs. machine in the operation and design of the AEGIS combatant Integrated Survivability Management System (ISMS). ISMS enables a ship to control damage and continue to defend itself when damaged–"fight while hurt"– by integrating damage control (DC) and combat systems (CS) functions. The initial activity in the human engineering process was to develop a model of information-processing and decision-making tasks for ISMS damage control activities aboard an Aegis-class ship. A task flow model developed in a previous effort was expanded and refined to include detailed damage control activities in Damage Control Central (DCC), and activities for repair of Vital Systems and Fume and Airtight Integrity. Task flow sequences were created based on Navy doctrine and subject matter expert (SME) interviews, validated at NAVSEA, and modeled in a fire and flooding demonstration scenario. The ISMS task sequence model was exercised using an analytical tool, designated Simulation Workload and Assessment Modeling (SIMWAM). Use of this tool identifies operator workloads and interruptions, information-processing and decision-making task bottlenecks, over- and under-utilized operators, and task delays in multiple complex damage control scenarios. By taking advantage of SIMWAM's capabilities to model complex multiple-operator man-machine systems, this ISMS damage control model will be particularly useful for front-end analysis of ISMS design options, and for modeling changes to damage control doctrine, procedures, personnel allocations, and organization under a variety of damage control scenarios.


The author of the article looks at the legal framework of the share property (land and apartment house), problems and issues from the viewpoint of consumer rights. The author suggests sustain principle of the house and land unity, which is connected with an apartment house and an apartment owner as a consumer.


Abstract The impact of differences in welfare funding levels and economic opportunity at the state level on interstate migration of low-income families is determined. The data set is derived from the U.S. Census Bureau's Current Population Survey for the years 1979 to 1990, inclusive. Newly estimated descriptive welfare statistics permit detailed state level analysis. The decision to migrate is modeled as a binary discrete choice decision which is estimated by means of a probit procedure using maximum likelihood techniques. The poor are found to be attracted to states with greater economic opportunity in all cases and to avoid high welfare states, with the exception of single female household heads, who actually participate in the new state's welfare system. Even in this case, the effect on migration is relatively small compared to the effect of superior economic opportunities and small in absolute magnitude as well.


Many recent Antarctic seismic structure studies use Rayleigh wave data and thus determine only the SV structure. Love waves provide greater resolution for shallow structure, and coupled with Rayleigh waves, can constrain radial anisotropy by comparing vertically (VSV) and horizontally (VSH) polarized shear velocities. In this study, we jointly analyze Rayleigh and Love wave phase and group velocities from ambient noise to develop a new radially anisotropic velocity model for West and Central Antarctica with an improved shallow crustal resolution using all broadband data collected in Antarctica over the past 20 years. Group and phase velocity maps for Rayleigh and Love waves are estimated and inverted for shear wave velocity structure using a Monte Carlo method. We determine a new sediment distribution map that reveals a thick sedimentary basin (∼4 km) beneath the Southeastern Ross Embayment. Sediment thicknesses at interior basins such as the Polar Subglacial Basin and Bentley Subglacial Trench are modest (<1.5 km), suggesting that these basins are sediment‐starved. The shallow crust as well as the mid‐to‐lower crust in several places shows strong positive anisotropy (VSH > VSV), likely due to lattice preferred orientation of mica‐bearing rocks. However, large regions of the mid‐to‐lower crust show negative anisotropy, likely due to lattice preferred orientation of plagioclase. The uppermost mantle is characterized by strong positive radial anisotropy (4%–8%) in West Antarctica, with the largest anisotropy beneath the Transantarctic and Whitmore Mountains, likely resulting from horizontal olivine preferred orientation due to tectonic activity.


Histone-arginine methyltransferase CARM1 (585 aa, ~63 kDa) is encoded by the human CARM1 gene. This protein is involved in the mediation of protein methylation that, in turn, regulates both chromatin organization and transcription.