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Climate alarmists would have people believe that global warming will pose numerous challenges to human health, including premature death due to heat-induced cardiovascular problems. In this Summary we thus present the results of a number of studies conducted over the past decade or so that deal with this important subject.
A good place to begin a review of temperature-related mortality is a cold location like Siberia. Hence, we start with the study of Feigin et al. (2000), who examined the relationship between stroke occurrence and weather parameters in the Russian city of Novosibirsk, which has one of the highest incidence rates of stroke in the entire world. Analyzing the health records of 2208 patients with a sex and age distribution similar to that of the whole of Russia over the period 1982-93, Feigin et al. found a statistically significant association between stroke occurrence and low ambient temperature. For ischemic stroke (IS), which accounted for 87% of all strokes recorded, they found that the risk of IS occurrence on days with low ambient temperature was 32% higher than it was on days with high ambient temperature. Hence, they suggested the implementation of "preventive measures ... such as avoiding low temperature."
Hong et al. (2003) observed much the same thing in Incheon, Korea, over the period January 1998 to December 2000, reporting that "decreased ambient temperature was associated with risk of acute ischemic stroke," with the strongest effect being seen on the day after exposure to cold weather, further noting that "even a moderate decrease in temperature can increase the risk of ischemic stroke." In addition, they noted that "risk estimates associated with decreased temperature were greater in winter than in the summer," which suggests, in their words, that "low temperatures as well as temperature changes are associated with the onset of ischemic stroke."
Nafstad et al. (2001) studied another cold place: Oslo, Norway. Thanks to Norwegian law, which requires that all deaths be examined by a physician who diagnoses cause and reports it on the death certificate, they were able to examine the effects of temperature on mortality due to all forms of cardiovascular disease for citizens of the country's capital over the period 1990 to 1995. Their analysis showed that the average daily number of cardiovascular-related deaths was 15% higher in the winter months (October-March) than in the summer months (April-September), leading them to conclude that "a milder climate would lead to a substantial reduction in average daily number of deaths."
To see if relationships between cold temperatures and cardiovascular mortality are preceded by an even more general health-temperature relationship, Hajat and Haines (2002) set out to determine if mere cardiovascular-related doctor visits by the elderly bore a similar relationship to cold temperatures. Based on data obtained between January 1992 and September 1995 for registered patients aged 65 and older from several practices in London, England, they did indeed find that the number of general practitioner consultations was higher in the cool-season months (October-March) than in the warm-season months (April-September) for all cardiovascular diseases.
Of course, one might think that such findings are only to be expected in cold climates. So what about warm climates, where summer maximum temperatures are often extreme, but summer minimum temperatures are typically mild?
In Israel, research conducted by Green et al. (1994) revealed that between 1976 and 1985, mortality from cardiovascular disease was higher by 50% in mid-winter than in mid-summer, both in men and in women, as well as in different age groups, in spite of the fact that summer temperatures in the Negev -- where much of the work was conducted -- often exceeded 30°C, while winter temperatures typically did not drop below 10°C. These findings have also been substantiated by several other Israeli studies, including those that were reviewed by Behar (2000), who wrote that "most of the recent papers on this topic have concluded that a peak of sudden cardiac death, acute myocardial infarction and other cardiovascular conditions is usually observed in low temperature weather during winter."
Evidence of a seasonal variation in cardiac-related mortality has additionally been noted in the relatively mild climate of southern California in the United States. In a study of all 222,265 death certificates issued by Los Angeles County for deaths caused by coronary artery disease from 1985 through 1996, Kloner et al. (1999) found that death rates in December and January were 33% higher than those observed in the period June through September. Likewise, based on a study of the Hunter region of New South Wales, Australia, which covered the period 1 July 1985 to 30 June 1990, Enquselassie et al. (1993) determined that "fatal coronary events and non-fatal definite myocardial infarction were 20-40% more common in winter and spring than at other times of year," while with respect to daily temperature effects, they found that "rate ratios for deaths were significantly higher for low temperatures," noting that "on cold days coronary deaths were up to 40% more likely to occur than at moderate temperatures."
In a study of both "hot" and "cold" cities in the United States -- where Atlanta, Georgia; Birmingham, Alabama; and Houston, Texas comprised the "hot" group, and where Canton, Ohio; Chicago, Illinois; Colorado Springs, Colorado; Detroit, Michigan; Minneapolis-St. Paul, Minnesota; New Haven, Connecticut; Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; and Seattle and Spokane, Washington comprised the "cold" group -- Braga et al. (2002) determined both the acute effects and lagged influence of temperature on cardiovascular-related deaths, finding that in the hot cities neither hot nor cold temperatures had much impact on mortality related to cardiovascular disease (CVD). In the cold cities, on the other hand, they report that both high and low temperatures were associated with increased CVD deaths, with the effect of cold temperatures persisting for days, but with the effect of high temperatures restricted to the day of the death or the day before. Of particular interest was the finding that for all CVD deaths the hot-day effect was five times smaller than the cold-day effect. In addition, the hot-day effect included some "harvesting," where Braga et al. observed a deficit of deaths a few days later, which they did not observe for the cold-day effect.
Working in Sao Paulo, Brazil, with data collected over the period 1991-1994, Gouveia et al. (2003) determined that the number of cardiovascular-related deaths in adults (15-64 years of age) increased by 2.6% for each 1°C decrease in temperature below 20°C, while there was no evidence for any heat-induced deaths due to temperatures rising above 20°C. In the elderly (65 years of age and above), however, a 1°C warming above 20°C led to a 2% increase in deaths; but a 1°C cooling below 20°C led to a 6.3% increase in deaths, or more than three times as many cardiovascular-related deaths due to cooling than to warming in the elderly.
For the period 1974-1999, McGregor et al. (2004) obtained data on ischaemic heart disease (IHD) and temperature for five English counties aligned on a north-south transect (Tyne and Wear, West Yorkshire, Greater Manchester, West Midlands, and Hampshire) and analyzed them in such a way as to reveal any relationships that might exist between the two parameters. In doing so, they determined that "the seasonal cycles of temperature and mortality are inversely related," and that "the first harmonic accounts for at least 85% (significant at the 0.01 level) of the variance of temperature and mortality at both the climatological and yearly time scales." They also found that "years with an exaggerated mortality peak are associated with years characterized by strong temperature seasonality," and that "the timing of the annual mortality peak is positively associated with the timing of the lowest temperatures." Why? Because, in the words of McGregor et al., "frequent exposure to cold causes a rise in IHD risk factors (Lloyd, 1991) through increasing blood pressure and viscosity, vasoconstriction, heart rate and angina (Morgan and Moran, 1997)."
Chang et al. (2004) analyzed data from the World Health Organization (WHO) Collaborative Study of Cardiovascular Disease and Steroid Hormone Contraception (WHO, 1995) to determine the effects of monthly mean temperature on rates of hospitalization for arterial stroke and acute myocardial infarction (AMI) among young women aged 15-49 from seventeen different countries in Africa, Asia, Europe, Latin America and the Caribbean. These efforts revealed that "among young women from 17 countries, the rate of hospitalized AMI, and to a lesser extent stroke, was higher with lower mean environmental air temperature." More specifically, they say that "on average, a 5°C reduction in mean air temperature was associated with a 7 and 12% increase in the expected hospitalization rates of stroke and AMI, respectively." They also note that "the findings of an inverse association between mean air temperature and hospitalization rate of AMI in this study are in agreement with several other studies," citing those of Douglas et al. (1990), Douglas et al. (1991), Mackenbach et al. (1992), Douglas et al. (1995), Seto et al. (1998), Danet et al. (1999) and Crawford et al. (2003). Last of all, they note that "lagging the effects of temperature suggested that these effects were relatively acute, within a period of a month."
Contemporaneously, Bartzokas et al. (2004) "examined the relationship between hospital admissions for cardiovascular (cardiac in general including heart attacks) and/or respiratory diseases (asthma etc.) in a major hospital in Athens [Greece] and meteorological parameters for an 8-year period." By these means they discovered that over the whole year, "there was a dependence of admissions on temperature," and that low temperatures were "responsible for a higher number of admissions." Specifically, they say "there was a decrease of cardiovascular or/and respiratory events from low to high values [of temperature], except for the highest temperature class in which a slight increase was recorded."
In Japan, Nakaji et al. (2004) evaluated seasonal trends in deaths due to various diseases, using nationwide vital statistics from 1970 to 1999 and recorded weather data, specifically, mean monthly temperature. According to the nine researchers, Japan has "bitterly cold winters," and their analysis indicated that the numbers of deaths due to infectious and parasitic diseases including tuberculosis, respiratory diseases including pneumonia and influenza, diabetes, digestive diseases and cerebrovascular and heart diseases rise to a maximum during that cold time of year. Of the latter two categories, in fact, they found that peak mortality rates due to heart disease and stroke were 1.5 to 2 times greater in winter (January) than what they were at the time of their yearly minimums (August and September). As a result, they concluded that "to reduce the overall mortality rate and to prolong life expectancy in Japan, measures must be taken to reduce those mortality rates associated with seasonal differences." They also wrote that "it has long been recognized that cold temperature acts as a trigger for coronary events," and that "major infectious diseases are epidemic in winter." Hence, it is clear that to achieve the scientists' stated objectives, it is necessary to bring about a "reduction in exposure to cold environments," as they put it, which is precisely what global warming does, and what it does best when it warms more in winter than in summer, as Nakaji et al. demonstrated to be the case in Japan, where winter warming over the past 30 years was twice as great as what it was during the rest of the year.
Back in Sao Paulo, Brazil, where 12,007 fatal events were observed from 1996 to 1998, Sharovsky et al. (2004) investigated "associations between weather (temperature, humidity and barometric pressure), air pollution (sulfur dioxide, carbon monoxide, and inhalable particulates), and the daily death counts attributed to myocardial infarction." Their efforts revealed "a significant association of daily temperature with deaths due to myocardial infarction (p<0.001), with the lowest mortality being observed at temperatures between 21.6 and 22.6°C." For all practical purposes, however, their data showed little variation in death rates from 18°C to just over 25°C, the latter of which values represents the typical upper limit of observed temperature in Sao Paulo, which is located on the Tropic of Capricorn at an altitude of 800 m. As mean daily temperature dropped below 18°C, however, death rates rose in essentially linear fashion to attain a value at 12°C (the typical lower limit of observed temperature in Sao Paulo) that was more than 35% greater than the minimum baseline value registered between 21.6 and 22.6°C.
In discussing their findings, Sharovsky et al. said they "demonstrated a strong association between daily temperature and myocardial infarction in Sao Paulo, Brazil," which suggests that "an acclimatization of the population to the local climate occurs and that myocardial infarction deaths peak in winter not only because of absolute low temperature but possibly secondary to a decrease relative to the average annual temperature," which indeed must be true, for deaths due to heart attacks are consistently greater in winter than in summer, as they wrote, "across many regions of the world (Marshall et al., 1998; Douglas et al., 1991; Seto et al., 1998; Sheth et al., 1999)." Hence, it can be appreciated that the global warming of the past century, which increased minimum temperatures considerably more than maximum temperatures almost everywhere, likely prevented -- or significantly forestalled -- the deaths of many people around the world who otherwise would have succumbed to this deadly scourge of the human race, i.e., (relatively) cold temperature.
In another study conducted in the same year, Kovats et al. (2004) analyzed patterns of temperature-related hospital admissions and deaths in Greater London during the mid-1990s. For the three-year period 1994-1996, cardiovascular-related deaths were approximately 50% greater during the coldest part of the winter than during the peak warmth of summer, while respiratory-related deaths were nearly 150% greater in the depths of winter cold than at the height of summer warmth. Also, with respect to heat waves that climate alarmists typically portray as being ferocious killers, it is revealing to note that the mortality impact of the notable heat wave of 29 July to 3 August 1995 was so tiny that it could not be discerned amongst the random scatter of plots of three-year-average daily deaths from cardiovascular and respiratory problems versus day of year.
With still more information from 2004, Keatinge and Donaldson, in a review article published in the Southern Medical Journal, began the main body of their text with a clear declaration of the relative dangers of heat and cold when it comes to human mortality, writing that "cold-related deaths are far more numerous than heat-related deaths in the United States, Europe, and almost all countries outside the tropics, and almost all of them are due to common illnesses that are increased by cold." So what are the major mechanisms by which cold kills?
Keatinge and Donaldson report that coronary and cerebral thrombosis account for about half of all cold-related deaths, and that respiratory diseases account for approximately half of the rest. With respect to the first of these sets of problems, they say that cold stress causes an increase in arterial thrombosis "because the blood becomes more concentrated, and so more liable to clot during exposure to cold." The sequence of events, as they describe it, is that "the body's first adjustment to cold stress is to shut down blood flow to the skin to conserve body heat," which "produces an excess of blood in central parts of the body," and that to correct for this effect, "salt and water are moved out from the blood into tissue spaces," leaving behind "increased levels of red cells, white cells, platelets and fibrinogen" that lead to increased viscosity of the blood and a greater risk of clotting.
With respect to respiratory-related deaths, the British scientists report that the infections that cause them spread more readily in cold weather as people "crowd together in poorly ventilated spaces when it is cold." In addition, they say that "breathing of cold air stimulates coughing and running of the nose, and this helps to spread respiratory viruses and bacteria." The "train of events leading to respiratory deaths," as they continue, "often starts with a cold or some other minor infection of the upper airways," which "spreads to the bronchi and to the lungs," whereupon "secondary infection often follows and can lead to pneumonia." They also note that cold stress "tends to suppress immune responses to infections," and that respiratory infections typically "increase the plasma level of fibrinogen, and this contributes to the rise in arterial thrombosis in winter."
Another interesting thing about cold-related deaths, as Keatinge and Donaldson describe it, is that "cold spells are closely associated with sharp increases in mortality rates," and that "deaths continue for many days after a cold spell ends." On the other hand, they report that "increased deaths during a few days of hot weather are followed by a lower than normal mortality rate," because "many of those dying in the heat are already seriously ill and even without heat stress would have died within the next 2 or 3 weeks."
So what are the implications of global warming for human mortality? Keatinge and Donaldson state that "since heat-related deaths are generally much fewer than cold-related deaths" -- and, we note, are comprised primarily of deaths that typically would have occurred a few weeks later even in the absence of excess heat -- "the overall effect of global warming on health can be expected to be a beneficial one." As an example, and even including the early heat-harvesting of naturally-expected deaths, they report that "the rise in temperature of 3.6°F expected over the next 50 years would increase heat-related deaths in Britain by about 2,000 but reduce cold-related deaths by about 20,000."
In concluding their treatise, Keatinge and Donaldson state that "even in climates as warm as southern Europe or North Carolina [USA], cold weather causes more deaths than hot weather." They report that "global warming will reduce this at first," but they say "the improvement is not likely to continue without action to promote defenses against cold." For example, they report that "people in regions with mild winters become careless about cold stress, protect themselves less effectively against cold, and generally have more winter deaths than people in colder regions," noting that "climatic warming therefore calls for action to control cold stress as well as heat stress," and stating that if appropriate precautions are taken, "rising temperatures could reduce overall mortality rates." Consequently, as they conclude, "the overall effect of global warming on health can be expected to be a beneficial one."
Moving one year closer to the present, while noting that "anomalous cold stress can increase blood viscosity and blood pressure due to the activation of the sympathetic nervous system which accelerates the heart rate and increases vascular resistance (Collins et al., 1985; Jehn et al., 2002; Healy, 2003; Keatinge et al., 1984; Mercer, 2003; Woodhouse et al., 1993)," and reminding us that "anomalously cold winters may also increase other risk factors for heart disease such as blood clotting or fibrinogen concentration, red blood cell count per volume and plasma cholesterol" -- and in light of the strong causative relationship that exists between cold weather and ischaemic heart disease (IHD) -- McGregor (2005) conducted an analysis to determine if there was any association between the level of IHD mortality in three English counties (Hampshire, West Midlands and West Yorkshire) and the winter-season North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO), which exerts a fundamental control on the nature of winter climate in Western Europe, focusing on the winters of 1974-1975 through 1998-1999. In doing so, he found that "generally below average monthly and all-winter IHD mortality is associated with strong positive values of the monthly or winter climate index which indicates the predominance of anomalously warm moist westerly flows of air over England associated with a positive phase of the NAO," while at the other extreme he found that "winters with elevated mortality levels ... have been shown to be clearly associated with a negative NAO phase and anomalously low temperatures," adding that "the occurrence of influenza ... helps elevate winter mortality above that of summer."
Contemporaneously, Carder et al. (2005) used generalized linear Poisson regression models to investigate the relationship between outside air temperature and deaths due to all non-accident causes in the three largest cities of Scotland (Glasgow, Edinburgh and Aberdeen) that occurred between January 1981 and December 2001. In doing so, they observed "an overall increase in mortality as temperature decreases," which "appears to be steeper at lower temperatures than at warmer temperatures," while they say "there is little evidence of an increase in mortality at the hot end of the temperature range." They also report that "the observed relation between cold temperature and mortality was typically stronger among the elderly," and they state that one of the important findings of their study was that "cold temperature effects on mortality persist with lag periods of beyond two weeks." That is to say, the seven scientists found that for temperatures below 11°C, a 1°C drop in the daytime mean temperature on any one day was associated with an increase in cardiovascular-caused mortality of 3.4% over the following month. Consequently, it can be appreciated that at any season of the year, a decline in air temperature in the major cities of Scotland leads to increases in deaths due to cardiovascular causes, while there is little to no such increase in mortality associated with heat waves.
Also reporting in 2005, Cagle and Hubbard described what they learned in examining the relationship between temperature and cardiac-related deaths in King County, Washington (USA) over the period 1980-2000 using Poisson regression analysis, based on information provided by the Washington State Department of Health on out-of-hospital deaths of all adults over the age of 54, plus historical meteorological data obtained from the National Climate Data Center for the Seattle-Tacoma International Airport. Based on this work they determined there was an average of 2.86 cardiac-related deaths per day for all days when the maximum temperature fell within the broad range of 5-30°C. For days with maximum temperatures less than 5°C, however, the death rate rose by 15% to a mean value of 3.30, while for days with maximum temperatures greater than 30°C death rates rose not at all, actually dropping by 3% to a mean value of 2.78. In addition, they found that "the observed association between temperature and death rate is not due to confounding by other meteorological variables," and they learned that "temperature continues to be statistically significantly associated with death rate even at a 5-day time lag."
So why is cold so effective in killing people? Cagle and Hubbard mention a number of human haematological changes that occur upon exposure to cold, including a decrease in blood plasma volume (Bass and Henschel, 1956; Chen and Chien, 1977; Fregley, 1982; Collins et al., 1985) that is accompanied by "a sympathetic nervous system reflex response to cold-induced stress (LeBlanc et al., 1978; Collins et al., 1985; LeBlanc, 1992)," as well as "an increase in packed cell volume due to increased numbers of red cells per unit volume (Keatinge et al., 1984), increased platelet counts and platelet volume (Finkel and Cumming, 1965; Keatinge et al., 1984), increased whole blood viscosity (Keatinge et al., 1984), increased serum lipid levels (Keatinge et al., 1984; Woodhouse et al., 1993; Neild et al., 1994), and increased plasma fibrinogen and factor VII clotting activity values (Keatinge et al., 1984; Woodhouse et al., 1994)." These various haemodynamic and vasoconstrictive factors combine, in their words, "to produce what Muller et al. (1994) refer to as 'acute risk factors' that may trigger a cardiac event." Vasoconstriction and concomitant increases in central blood volume and systolic blood pressure, for example, "put additional workload on the heart which may lead to increased arrhythmias (Amsterdam et al., 1987), decreased thresholds for angina and abnormal myocardial contractions (De Lorenzo et al., 1999), as well as increasing the risk of dislodging a vulnerable plaque which could lead to thrombosis (Muller et al., 1994)," which "may occur through increased cardiac filling pressure and stroke volume which in turn increases cardiac oxygen requirements while lessening cardiac access to oxygen (Muza et al., 1988; De Lorenzo et al., 1999)." In addition, the Washington researchers report that "greater blood viscosity also works to increase the load on the heart through greater resistance to flow (Frisancho, 1993) and increasing blood pressure (Keatinge et al., 1984)."
Jumping all the way to 2009, Tam et al. employed daily mortality data for the period 1997 to 2002, which they obtained from the Hong Kong Census and Statistics Department, to examine the association between diurnal temperature range (DTR = daily maximum temperature minus daily minimum temperature), focusing on cardiovascular disease among the elderly (people aged 65 and older). This work revealed "a 1.7% increase in mortality for an increase of 1°C in DTR at lag days 0-3," which results they describe as being "similar to those reported in Shanghai." And in discussing their findings, the four researchers state that "a large fluctuation in the daily temperature -- even in a tropical city like Hong Kong -- has a significant impact on cardiovascular mortality among the elderly population." In addition, we note that it has long been known that the DTR has declined significantly over many parts of the world as mean global temperature has risen over the past several decades (Easterling et al., 1997), which is perhaps another reason why colder temperatures are a much greater risk to human life than are warmer temperatures.
In distilling the results of these several studies into a single take-home message, it is clear that they demonstrate that global warming is actually beneficial to humanity, in that it reduces the incidence of cardiovascular diseases related to low temperatures and wintry weather by a much greater degree than it increases the incidence of cardiovascular diseases associated with high temperatures and summer heat waves.
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Sharovsky, R., Cesar, L.A.M. and Ramires, J.A.F. 2004. Temperature, air pollution, and mortality from myocardial infarction in Sao Paulo, Brazil. Brazilian Journal of Medical and Biological Research 37: 1651-1657.
Sheth, T., Nair, C., Muller, J. and Yusuf, S. 1999. Increased winter mortality from acute myocardial infarction and stroke: the effect of age. Journal of the American College of Cardiology 33: 1916-1919.
Tam, W.W.S., Wong, T.W., Chair, S.Y. and Wong, A.H.S. 2009. Diurnal temperature range and daily cardiovascular mortalities among the elderly in Hong Kong. Archives of Environmental and Occupational Health 64: 202-206.
WHO. 1995. WHO Collaborative Study of Cardiovascular Disease and Steroid Hormone Contraception. A multinational case-control study of cardiovascular disease and steroid hormone contraceptives: description and validation of methods. Journal of Clinical Epidemiology 48: 1513-1547.
Woodhouse, P.R., Khaw, K. and Plummer, M. 1993. Seasonal variation of blood pressure and its relationship to ambient temperature in an elderly population. Journal of Hypertension 11: 1267-1274.Last updated 21 April 2010


text: Seminar on Open Badges as a validation tool in adult learning Kalender 28-04-2016 Start: 10-05-2016 10:30 Slut: 10-05-2016 13:30 Se hele kalenderen... Nordisk Netværk Voksnes Læring Del på facebook del på Linkedin Del på twitter Gem som pdf fil Luk Nordisk Netværk Voksnes Læring 28-04-2016 Start: 10-05-2016 10:30 Slut: 10-05-2016 13:30 Se hele kalenderen... del på facebook del på Linkedin del på twitter gem som pdf fil If you are interested in validation this event is for you! The Nordplus project Open Badge for Adult Eductors is offering a half-day event showcasing why and how Open Badges can be used to validate and make visible learning ourcomes, competencies and skills. We will present some cases showing how and why Open Badges can be useful, we will sit down with you and help you get started, we will chart unknown territory together, discussing what the future may hold in store for validation. The event is organized in two parts: 1. a streamed event where you can hear about how badges are used in non-formal adult education and volunteering, and 2. workshops on how to create your own badges and how to earn a badge to display your skills as an educator. you will also hear about the results of the Open badges for Adult Educators Nordplus project. In the first part you will hear about trends in Open badges, about how the guides and Scouts of Finland are using badges to transform volunteering into competences, and how badges can give added value to folkbildning. This event is useful for teachers, principals, education professionals (planning officers, specialists, administrators), people active in NGOs, employers, social partners, staff in Universities and VETs. You can participate in both parts, or just pick the part most useful to you. The event is free of charge. Please register no later than 5 May. If you cannot make it to Finland or to Helsinki, you can also follow part 1 online! Please register to get the link. Register HERE Programme here del på facebook del på LinkedIN del på twitter gem som pdf

subset: commoncrawl


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Two popular bike and pedestrian trails in Minneapolis and nearby suburbs will be closed in May for up to three years as construction of the $2 billion Southwest light-rail line moves forward.
The Cedar Lake Trail, which begins in downtown Minneapolis, is slated to be closed for two years through Hopkins and St. Louis Park, according to the Metropolitan Council, which is building the light-rail line. The portion of the trail that is closing starts east of the North Cedar Lake Trail connection in Hopkins and continues to France Avenue in St. Louis Park.
In addition, part of the Kenilworth Trail in Minneapolis will be closed for three years. The part that is closing begins at the trail's intersection with the Midtown Greenway, extending northeast to south of W. 21st Street.
The two trails could be closed as soon as May 13. Signs notifying users of detours will be posted along both trails. Once closed, various activities, including field surveys, installation of construction site fencing, erosion control, utility relocations and tree and brush removal will begin.
The Met Council plans to rebuild the trails as part of the Southwest light-rail project.
Southwest, an extension of the existing Green Line, will connect downtown Minneapolis with Eden Prairie, with stops in St. Louis Park, Hopkins and Minnetonka along the way. Service is expected to begin in 2023.
Twitter: @MooreStrib


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Ottawa, Ontario — December 8, 2014 — The Canadian Apprenticeship Forum (CAF) is seeking the views of employers, apprentices, journeypersons, and trainers who have personal experience with transitions between different jurisdictions as part of its Labour Mobility of Apprentices project.
For example, CAF would like to hear from employers who have hired apprentices initially trained elsewhere and apprentices who have moved to complete their apprenticeship.
The project seeks to ensure employers who wish to hire and apprentices who wish to move are fully informed of the requirements for successful transition. The project will gather insights into the challenges associated with hiring out-of-province apprentices and develop appropriate resources to help apprentices and employers meet administrative requirements.
Phone interviews will be scheduled in December 2014 and take approximately 20 minutes. Participation is voluntary and anonymous. Results will be aggregated and summarized in the final report.

Please contact email@example.com if you're interested in participating in an interview about your experience with labour mobility.


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Graduate Research Papers
Graduate Research Paper (UNI Access Only)
Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder in literature;
With 11% of American children being diagnosed with ADHD, teacher librarians need to be able to recommend quality literature featuring characters with ADHD.The purpose of this literary qualitative content analysis of middle grade and young adult literature is to analyze the portrayal of characters who have ADHD in books that librarians can use for patron recommendations for students with ADHD and their peers. This study sought to address the following research question: Does middle grade and young adult literature that includes characters with ADHD accurately portray experiences with ADHD including symptoms and challenges, treatment by peers and adults, and stigma faced? This study utilized literary qualitative content analysis to examine 10 novels that included characters with ADHD published between 2014 and 2019.
In the findings, the researcher identified nine categories for evaluating a book for accurate depiction of ADHD: examples of symptoms of ADHD and common character traits exemplified in the literature, treatments, descriptions of and reactions to characters with ADHD, examples of characters being stereotyped or facing stigma due to ADHD,examples of symptoms of ADHD being shown as an asset, examples of other positive traits exemplified in characters with ADHD, examples of inclusion of characters with ADHD, and examples of characters with ADHD overcoming challenges related to the disorder, and authors' notes related to ADHD. All 10 novels were found to show ADHD in a realistic way, and 9 of the 10 are recommended for students with ADHD and their peers. The basis for this recommendation of nine of the novels is their exceptional capacity and sensitivity in three areas: 1) overall accurate portrayal of ADHD in middle grade and young adult fiction, 2) inclusion of characters with ADHD and characters getting help with ADHD and 3) characters experiencing symptoms of ADHD shown as an asset and overcoming challenges related to the disorder.
Year of Submission
Degree Name
Master of Arts
Department of Curriculum and Instruction
Division of School Library Studies
First Advisor
Karla Krueger, First reader
Date Original
Object Description
1 PDF file (91 pages)
©2020 Sydney Schuler
File Format
Recommended Citation
Schuler, Sydney, "An analysis of ADHD in middle grade and young adult literature" (2020). Graduate Research Papers. 1434.


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The church was like what any small town church would be. It was nice an cozy, but I'm sure if it were an operating church and not a museum, it would have a certain feel of intimacy among the parishioners.
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If you want to contact me, click here.


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It's hard to muster up the energy to get out of bed in the morning during frigid winter days; working and poring over something you're passionate about can almost feel impossible.
The winter is a taxing period of time for everyone, interrupting your everyday life, reducing your workouts and trips to the grocery store. Going to the office can be all that you do in a day, and that's only because you have to. How do you get yourself to do something creative with this mindset? It's definitely harder than in other seasons, but not impossible. Check out 5 tricks that can help you feel more creative in the winter:
Take a class that inspires you
RELATED: 7 Ways To Get Lifted And Stay Fit While Indoors This Winter
It may be too much to ask yourself to get inspiration by simply looking down at a notebook, so surround yourself with creative people if you need extra help. A class can help you meet others and give you a purpose, forcing you to study and to stimulate your brain. Once this happens it'll be reflected in other aspects of your life and winter will seem less bleak and grey.
Rearrange your apartment
Moving your body and your surroundings can help you kick start your brain, reigniting your creativity and making you feel more productive. Since you're spending so much time at home, make your space as comfortable as you can. Shuffle things around or buy new blankets and new items that can help you have more fun while indoors.
Get out of the house
Try to get out of the house when possible, allowing yourself some distance from your place. Although it may be very cold out, once you start moving you'll feel better, even if you're just going to buy groceries or to visit a coffee shop.
RELATED: 5 Reasons Why Winter Sex Is Exactly What You Need Now
Meditation helps people through all sorts of ruts, giving them perspective and distance from their day to day problems. If you've never meditated before, look for some instructional YouTube videos or download a meditation app. Getting started with the process is much easier than you think.
Schedule your days
Scheduling your days in advance is the least fun but most straightforward way of getting work done. Plan your day and commit yourself to what you want to do, making realistic to-do lists that will help you remain focused and will also keep you accountable for your plans.


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Std-9 And Std-10 Maths & Science Sem-1 Model Paper For First Exam
The Gujarat Secondary and Higher Secondary Education Board conduct the board exam for class 10th as well as for class 12th students. Every year approximately more than 2 lakh students appear for both the exams. But to score good marks in the board exam, one must study and practice the GSEB question papers.
Because solving the previous year question papers will give you an idea of the type of questions asked in the exam, as well as it will give you an insight of marks distribution.
Solving previous year question papers will also help you to score good marks in AIEEE as well as in NEET. Because most of the questions asked in such exams are from the syllabus of class 11th and 12th.
It is recommended to solve these question papers by keeping an eye on the timer. And after solving the previous year question papers, one must check how much he or she is scoring and where they need to improve.
Sample papers for class 10 are created according to the recent syllabus for Gseb. Solve these question papers and brush up your knowledge and to overcome the exam fear.
Rectify your mistakes early by solving these GSEB sample papers prepared by our experts. Below we have provided GSEB Sample Paper for class 10 as well as GSEB HSC Board. Click on the links to download the free PDFs.
Tag : GSEB Question Papers


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'Book, Art & Blooms' Exhibit To Open June 2 In Lakeville
On June 2, at the Lakeville Public Library's Great Ponds Gallery, the Lakeville Garden Club will debut their exhibit, "Book, Art & Blooms III", where floral arrangements made by local artists and books that inspired said artists will be on display. This is the Club's third challenge exhibit and is supported in part by grants from the Massachusetts Cultural Council and the Lakeville Arts Council, respectively.
According to South Coast Today.com, the exhibit will be displayed through June, and will feature the work of: Betty Ashley, Pat Bessette, Carol Cohen, Linda Connelly, Gail Dowd, Bob Dunn, Elsie Goldstein, Ruth Gross, Kelly Studer Hoeg, Gerald Masaitis, Pat McMahon, Jean Michael, Bonnie Powers, Marilyn Robbins, Leah Studer and Corbin Blanchard, Veronica Studer, and Phyllis Vincent.
The exhibit runs from 6-8 p.m., and is free and accessible to all.


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Hall Inquiries
Affordable Hall Rental for Quinceañeras, Weddings, Meetings, Baby Showers, Graduations, Funerals, Banquets, Seminars, Bocce Tournaments, and Birthdays. The Hall can accommodate up to 300 people. We are a full-service facility for members!
Not a member? Ask us how.
Sons of Italy Denver Lodge 2075
5925 W. 32nd Ave
Wheat Ridge, CO 80212
(303) 238 – 8055
Monday – Saturday: By appointment
Sunday: Closed for appointments unless otherwise scheduled.
Tenant Users Liability Insurance Policy (TULIP)


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Interesting details peppered throughout the novel are worth the whole shebang. Along the way, one catches the '68 Detroit vibe, race-tinged interactions, class differences and structural changes in the city and suburbs. And then there's the just cracking gender code in the age of Mad Men.
The only hokey thing about Motor City Burning: the two main female characters, one involved with detective Doyle and the other with Bledsoe. They are fantasy figures, the kind you might expect in a James Bond tale -- only not as lethal. There's a third woman who is a spitting image of Mrs. Robinson, which may be an inside joke since The Graduate was playing in American theaters in 1968.
Motor City Burning is much better at showing male interactions within the Detroit police department and among people facing them on home turf and in business establishments (including blind pigs and other underground facilities). The "big four" police attack squads are something right out of the harrowing FX crime series, The Shield; their activities and other dodgy practices and belief systems go a long way in shedding light on racial and class tensions in Detroit and elsewhere in the USA, then and now.
Today's Rune: Strength.


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The latest import from Brazil to make waves in the U.S. is the audio company Magna Audio.
Based in San Paulo, it could be said the company made a soft launch into the U.S. market during the CEDIA Expo 2020 Virtual show a year ago, but with the event returning to in-person activities, Magna Audio displayed its latest products in Indianapolis this past Sept. 1-3.
Making the most of its booth space the Brazilian company showed the latest additions to its Aura series of components, as well as its latest outdoor audio products, including its new Rock Series, and Polly Series of speakers.
Daniel Lima, chief design officer for Magna Audio, points out the CEDIA Expo represents the appropriate market for the company to introduce its indoor and outdoor audio products to the U.S. and the world.
"Magna is a Brazilian speaker manufacturer and we focus on performance and design," he says.
"So, we have some products; the Aura Series—we are expanding the line—it is our most selling [popular] selling line in Brazil. A lot of dealers are installing the line."
In addition to the new Aura Series of products, the company also demonstrated its Streamer Series of products, which offer technologies such as Apple AirPlay 2 and Bluetooth, along with its MKII loudspeakers, Surface Series products, and Outline Series soundbars.
The annual trade event also provided the company the platform to show its unique NoFrame Series of speakers that mimic the appearance of lighting fixtures to complement the surging lighting control category.
Lima comments that a major part of the company's product line is the array of colors and premium materials it employs to build its speakers. Lima went on to emphasize that as part of Magna Audio's luxury market approach, the products are also hand-built in Brazil, which allows the company to carefully monitor quality, while remaining hands on with the performance and aesthetic elements that are the hallmarks of the brand.
The post Magna Audio Makes a Splash at CEDIA Expo 2021 appeared first on CEPRO.


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Two weeks ago our COO, Tommy Chieng gave at talk at True Digital Park, Bangkok. In this event he shared his thoughts on growth strategies and business scaling. Here is a summary of what he covered during the talk.
Tommy Chieng and SEAGM
As the co-founder and COO of SEAGM, Tommy has lead SEAGM on a profitable journey throughout these years. The company is currently boasting an achievement totaling to MYR 1.2billlion (USD 280 million) in revenue growth. This figure has been increasing since 2010. From 2010 to November 2019, SEAGM has been experiencing a Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of 41.30%.
Additionally, Tommy launched and spearheaded the Digital Good and Services Marketplace, KALEOZ. The online marketplace for gamers has grown from MYR 1.5million (USD 360,000) to MYR 38million (USD 9million) since its first inception back in 2017. That's a 2500% increase in growth. Besides that, Tommy also had a hand in the company's growth and scaling – expanding the SEAGM team from 12 to 140 employees.
Topics covered at TDPK
During the Q&A session, Tommy gave tips on expanding in another country, venturing out of SEAGM's market and preparation for phases of growth. He also touched on topics such as competition with big players and shed some light on building a team.
Below you can find the full excerpt of the interview:
Question: SEAGM started in a small town called Sitiawan in Malaysia. Over the past 12 years, SEAGM has expanded both in company size as well as having several offices. Right now, you have four different offices in Kuala Lumpur, Thailand, China and Indonesia. So Tommy, when do you think is the right time to set up offices in other cities/countries.
Tommy: Due to the nature of our digital businesses, we focus on the payment gateway. Right now, both our platforms are able to accept 35 different currencies, and we have more than 100 types of payment gateways. We ensure that all the interested customers can make purchases on our platform. Our team in Sitiawan can support back-end operation support. The trigger point for us to consider opening oversea offices is that we need local customer supports. We faced difficulties understanding the Thailand and Indonesia customers as they don't speak the same language as us, this leads to local customers having trust issues with us.
That is when we start to consider settling oversea offices to support the local customers.
Tips: If you would like to set up a company outside of your home country, make an effort to travel down there personally and hire someone there.
We also took an unorthodox approach – we approached our resellers in Thailand and Indonesia and I have also made the effort to arrange video calls and offer them to be part of the SEAGM family. Together with the reseller we valued, we have opened and manged the oversea offices with them.
Salary wise, we do not stop offering basic package alone, we also allow them to have the opportunity to earn a commission from the sales made from the country that they are working in.
Our strategy is to work with reseller whom we have partnered with and worked before. by doing so, they understand what we do and what are the problems our customers will face as well as the questions they will ask. With this approach, they can help scale oversea offices in a short period of time.
Question: When we are scaling a business, cash is a crucial element that we need to have or manage. Is cash an issue for SEAGM when looking to scale its business?
Tommy: We don't encounter any problem with cash except for the year 2015 – our revenue jumped more than 100% during that year. What we did was we ask our shareholders for funds and not from external parties. We always reinvest our profits back to our business every year – with a minimum of two-third of our earnings. Also, we always look for ways to minimize losses from foreign exchange.
Tips: Do not seek for external funding if your able to fund internally. Do remember to reinvest the profits gained into your business as your scaling initiative.
Question: Since 2010, the company has grown about 41.3%, do you think you can achieve the same target next year – as many have forecast-ed or warned that a recession is coming?
Tommy: To be honest, I am quite optimistic. This is most likely due to the up and coming growth in mobile gaming. Many factors contribute to the increase in mobile gaming, such as mobile phone prices and their capabilities to run 3D games . Secondly, SEAGM is doing international business, not just locally or SEA region alone. We can keep our operation lean while serving our global customers.
Question: When you are running a business that is doing so well, have you ever thought of seeking for a new initiative such as doing something different from what you are doing right now?
Tommy: Actually, we launched KALEOZ, a C2C marketplace, in 2017, that was something we were unfamiliar with, in terms of running the operations and other systems. Our strategy is based on word of mouth to gain awareness and we have spent zero dollars on advertisement. We do strongly emphasize on free traffic – SEO as free traffic is very important for any online business.
We are doing to have some new initiatives which are going to be something different from what we are offering to our gamers now. Our gamers also do other things with their life other than gaming such as eating, travelling and etc. We also noticed that many (of) our users have been following us since 2010 when they were only teenagers back then.
Right now, we are thinking beyond that – other than launching KALEOZ. Without a single cent spent on marketing, we can grow KALEOZ to MYR 38million (USD 9million) since it first started. It would be best if you can look at the assets that you have and leverage on it.
Tips: After gaining constant growth over the past years, look for other opportunities and leverage on your assets (Eg: customers' needs/wants; partners; network) and prepare for the next phase of growth.
Question: You have mentioned a few keywords such as eating and travelling. We do know there a few big players over here in SEA that are already offering such initiatives. Do you think you can compete with other big players?
Tommy: I'm not looking for head-on competition with them. In fact, I would love to partner with some of them. Many of our customers still come to us although the items that we're selling are not cheap (PS: gamers, they are suckers for cheap goods). We always go for the extra miles for our customers.
For our new initiatives, we are thinking of how to add value to all of our gamers in the ecosystem. We do not compete directly with all those big brands. With the trust we build over the past few years with all our stakeholders (gamers, gamer publishers and partners), we will be launching new products targeting at our current stakeholders' needs rather (than) tapping on a new pool of stakeholders.
Question: How are you going to into this vertical – are you going to do it by yourself or build a new team?
Tommy: Our headquarter is based in a small town, Sitiawan, Perak – it is not easy to find talents around this area. There are certain areas that we do not have internal capabilities to work on. Hence, we have to take a different approach by starting small and seek for external parties to fill up internal gaps and identify the actual potential of our new business units. Once we have achieved the desire results that we want, we will bring it to the next level in terms of commitment.
In summary, don't be afraid to launch something that has already existed in the market. Start the whole process by looking at your current customer – ask yourself what can you proved to them. If something cannot be done within your capability, ask yourself whether if you have the network of people that you can work with to launch this initiative. If it works well in the future, you can spin off your business and consider to do revenue sharing with your partners.


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Kefilwe Mabote has taken to her social media to share the moments as she bid farewell to her mother.
The star announced the passing of her mother on 30th December, 2020.
"RIP Mom….. What a very sad day for me . Matlhodi Dorothy Mabote 30/12/2020.. I'm so shuttered I never saw this coming," she captioned post.
Taking to her Instagram, Kefilwe shared some the snaps taken at the burial ceremony.
The fashionista mentioned this week has been the hardest week for her but her mother's love and words is carrying her through.
Kefilwe captioned: "A farewell fit for a Queen, my Queen❤This week has been the hardest week I have ever had to live through, but my Mother's comforting love and words have carried me through.
Would love to extend my sincerest gratitude to @nono_eventsThw for the immaculate setup. I am truly happy with how everything came together seamlessly!
Thank you to everyone for the unwavering support and love shown. May God continue blessing you all❤"
See post below:


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Coronavirus Q&A: Are there new symptoms? Can you cross state lines?
We are providing this content free as a public service to readers during the coronavirus outbreak. Please support the work we're doing by subscribing to Delaware Online.
Delaware Online has launched a Facebook group to help assist readers and provide answers to questions you may have. Delaware coronavirus Q&A is a place for readers to discuss their concerns, tell us what we're not covering that you think we should be and talk about the issues you face during this difficult time.
We're all in this together.
Throughout the coming days and weeks, we'll try to keep readers updated with a Q&A story at Delaware Online sourced from the new Facebook group with interesting and important questions that we may have already answered in some of our coverage — or maybe haven't. In cases like that, we'll rely on our reporters to get to the bottom of it.
Today is Tuesday, March 24, day one of the state's stay-at-home order, and here is the roundup of what you need to know.
Let's get to the Q&A for today ...
Multiple Facebook users have asked: Where, specifically, are the confirmed cases in Delaware?
This question comes up almost daily. People are, understandably, very interested in whether or not the virus is close to them or not. They want to know, beyond how many cases are in each county, where in each county the virus has been confirmed.
We do know that as of 2 p.m. Tuesday, there were 91 cases in the state; 60 in New Castle County, nine in Kent and 22 in Sussex.
The state's original cases appeared in Newark and the University of Delaware. Outside of that, it's not known where the other cases are located. We have asked, but the state will not tell us.
However, the stricter measures taken in recent days by Delaware and its neighboring states should render that question irrelevant, right? If we're supposed to be at home other than to leave for work or essential services, does it matter where exactly the cases are?
If we're just using raw numbers, Delaware is more than 1,900 square miles. This means there is one case per 21 square miles. And with what we know about testing, and the lack of resources, we should assume any person we come into contact with outside our household could be carrying COVID-19.
STORY: Firefly canceled amid coronavirus concerns
Facebook user Debbie asked: Is it OK to walk in your own neighborhood by yourself or should we just stay in until this is over? I just don't know if the virus is in the air.
This question has been a popular one, too, and we have covered this in previous iterations of the Q&A. However, it bears repeating since the stay-at-home order went into place Tuesday morning: YES!
The new order allows for people to get outside and exercise. And, for all of our sanity, we should be doing this daily. But it's important to continue to maintain our social distance and to not gather in a crowd.
Story continues below the photo gallery.
Facebook user Tina asked: How many ventilators are in Delaware and how many ICU beds do we have?
This, of course, is a critical question. And one that we can't answer in its entirety just yet. Delaware Online/The News Journal is working on figuring out how many ventilators are in the state.
Quoting the Delaware Healthcare Association, the State News reported that all ICU rooms contain ventilators. The DHA says there are 395 ICU beds. It is unclear how many are currently in use.
Facebook user Chris asked: My elderly father is a widower and I want him to come here from PA so I can take care of him. Can he cross state lines to come and stay with me?
This, too, has come up more than once. And another person asked about traveling to Connecticut to bring a daughter home.
The new stay-at-home order does not forbid drivers from crossing state lines, especially when you're trying to provide what any reasonable person would consider essential services.
We also addressed this question in yesterday's Q&A.
HELP ON THE WAY?: Unemployed Delaware restaurant workers could get $500 by April 6
Facebook user Nawal asked: I just saw someone posting that there are two new symptoms to the coronavirus. You lose taste and smell. Are there any medical truths to it?
USA Today wrote about this issue this morning:
"Citing a growing number of cases around the globe, the American Academy of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery and ENT UK each issued warnings about patients who tested positive for the new coronavirus with the only symptom being a lost or altered sense of smell or taste," the article states.
Contact Jeff Neiburg at firstname.lastname@example.com. Follow him on Twitter @Jeff_Neiburg.


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Lilith has been one of my favorite mythological figures for years. Here's why:
Lady Lilith
Written By: Maranda Russell
Adam's first wife
you spurned his advances,
refusing to be beneath him,
but had to be equal
or even superior.
The Dark Maid,
The Maiden of Desolation,
are you truly so dark?
Like the owls you adore,
you flex your wings
and curl your talons.
Symbol of fears,
cursed to give birth,
your children murdered,
you seek revenge
from human children,
but who can blame you?
vampire of wet dreams,
refusing to kneel,
you chose to leave
paradise rather than
submit to a man.


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"Mariah, come to the office! You have a letter!" My boss was as shocked and excited as I was. It was the only letter I had received in the seven months I had been in China. As I rushed to the office, I wondered whom the letter was from. I was pleased and surprised to discover that the letter was from my meeting.
I have attended Quaker meeting since before I was born. I went to meeting because of the creak of the furnace and the smell of the re-melting wax of candles from ceremonies long forgotten. I went to meeting to count the panes of glass and feel my mind relax away from the sunshine and falling leaves. I went to meeting when it meant crawling out of my dorm room half dead from a night of parties. I went to meeting when it meant traipsing around cities where I couldn't even ask directions. I went to meeting again and again and again.
When I moved to China, it was simply not possible for meeting to be part of my life on a regular basis. The nearest meeting was over 1,000 miles away in Hong Kong and, if I wished to return home after going to meeting, I needed to get a permit from the Chinese government to reenter the Chinese mainland. For the first time in my life, I stopped going to meeting. I received no communication from FWCC or any of the individual Quakers who had promised to stay in touch with me. My spiritual community vanished overnight.
The letter from my meeting was a welcome epistle. It read something like this:
Dear Member,
We are sorry that we did not receive a contribution from you last year. The time has come again and we hope that we will receive one this year.
Below that was a handwritten note from the treasurer saying that she hoped I was well in China. The wording of the letter surprised me, as I did not know I was a full member of the meeting. Still, I was pleased that it occurred to the treasurer to include me on her mailing list. Unfortunately, it was impossible for me to send money to the meeting. Most of my income was legally blocked from leaving China.
Even exchanging and wiring the permitted amount required a great deal of pleading and seemed to only happen because my boss once worked at the bank. I did want to support the work of my meeting, but receiving this letter made me wonder if they wanted to support me. Why hadn't they asked me if I even wanted to be a member of the meeting? Why did they spend the time and funds on mailing me a bill when they hadn't even bothered to send me a spiritually nurturing e-mail?
I am not a Quaker scholar. I have not read the writings of early Friends or even modern Friends. I have not attended seminary. I just grew up Quaker. For me, being Quaker was going to meetings—meetings for worship, meetings for business, young Friends meetings, potlucks, and other forms of sharing in community. Without the presence and support of other Quakers, religion simply ceased to be a part of my life. By springtime, I found myself asking again and again, "Does God even exist in China?" I certainly didn't feel God in my life. Instead, I felt empty and frustrated. I was angry, not with God, but with my religion.
Why had Quakerism only given me one way of fulfilling my spiritual needs? Why didn't any Quaker make sure I actually got the support and spiritual nourishment that I had asked for during my time in isolation?
Due to the outbreak of SARS in 2003, I returned home in May instead of July. I realized that this meant that I could attend Friends General Conference, and after eight months of isolation from Quakers, I was eager to do so. The application process was my first indication that the Gathering, far from being a refreshing homecoming, would be a harsh challenge. Not a single workshop listed addressed any of the political, economic, or international topics that filled my thoughts. I could not attend a workshop anyway as the cost of attending the conference for a week, transportation not included, was almost as much as I made in two months. Instead, I worked with the Junior Gathering in the mornings.
The shock that I experienced with my readmission to FGC Quaker culture was the greatest I have ever felt. I found myself irritated in meetings that lasted forever due to lack of preparation by leadership and what seemed to be an extreme concern for planning for unlikely emergencies. Once familiar comments now irritated me with their use of acronyms and vague Quaker terms, which I could see confused and excluded many, especially new attenders. I could hear a manner of speaking toned with political correctness as just another form of censorship used to dodge issues of race and class with a curtsey. I kept imagining all of the other things that I could be doing with the money that was being spent there. There was such a stiffness around the culture of FGC that I noticed people looking at me disapprovingly when I clapped instead of shaking my hands. Really, who cares how we choose to show appreciation for what is being said? Finally, I was uncomfortable with the number of white people around me. Where were the Asians? Did I really want a spiritual home that was so economically, racially, and culturally uniform?
Working with the Junior Gathering was a very good experience, but this positive experience with young adults did not carry over to a positive experience with adults. I went to FGC feeling spiritually tired and hungry, and I left feeling just as empty as I felt when I arrived—if not more so. My concerns about international relations, international development, and communicating through cultural differences had only deepened. I wasn't even sure I was Quaker anymore.
The university where I had been teaching asked me to come back for a second year. I was afraid to return because I knew I couldn't handle that kind of spiritual emptiness again, but I didn't know how to have a better experience. I talked to my meeting and to my friends, but I didn't want to leave relying on their support. After all, it had been promised and not given the year before. Around this time, I attended Cincinnati (Ohio) Meeting where I heard a sermon by Dan Kasztelan that ended with: "We start at the place where we start. But if we want more God, we explore the other paths also." It seemed that for me, Quaker meeting was the place to start, but it was time to explore new paths. With the conviction that I could nourish my spirit without meeting and without support from home, I returned to China.
During my second year in China, I knew that Quakerism as I understood it was not able to fill my spiritual need, so I began to reevaluate Quakerism. I had learned about Quakerism by absorbing scattered lessons as I grew up rather than through careful study. As a part of this process, I wrote the following list. What I have labeled "Quaker idea" is what I think older Quakers were trying to teach me. What I have labeled "Quaker myth" is what I actually learned. What I have labeled "My idea" is what I have been thinking about recently and how that was part of my experience in China.
Quaker idea: We are all ministers to each other.
Quaker myth: Ministers aren't important.
My idea: It is important to cultivate and appreciate everyone's ability to minister, especially those around us with a gift of ministry. Though I am still definitely an unprogrammed Friend, I believe that my first year in China would have been better if there had been someone in my meeting who was focused on spiritually nurturing the community. It was far too easy for me to be forgotten by a bunch of committees with ministry as a sideline to their other work. All members, especially in unprogrammed meetings, have the role of minister and need to follow through with spiritual nurture and support to other members. Furthermore, the meeting can be especially enriched by maintaining dialogue with isolated members. Isolated Friends may learn a great deal from their experiences and may have quite a lot of ministry to share. Dialogue between meetings and isolated friends can minister to the condition of both.
Quaker idea: It isn't good to follow a book dogmatically.
Quaker myth: Religious books aren't important.
My idea: It is useful to read spiritual and religious writings, both Quaker and from other traditions. I enriched my second year in China greatly by ordering Friends Journal and, eventually, with the mailings from FWCC. However, it was in reading the Qur'an that I found the most peace and solace. Though it may seem obvious that you can learn a lot from reading religious books, as a young Quaker I was not taught this. When teaching children about Quakerism, we are often vague and disorganized. Perhaps this seems preferable to adults scarred with memories of strict Sunday school. However, religious education for children is important. It is possible to read religious texts and discuss them with children without insisting that they believe them. You can teach skills and methods of reaching God without traumatizing children. The more ways that we teach our children to reach God, the more likely they will be to find some that appeal to them and that can sustain them in times of need.
Quaker idea: Coming together to follow the leadings of the Spirit is enriching.
Quaker myth: Sitting in silence in a room and listening to people talk is the way to come together.
My idea: Sometimes, especially when interacting with people from other cultures, coming together means doing things you thought you would never do—like studying a martial art, drinking rice wine, or spending the afternoon gambling with middle school students. All of these activities deepened my connection with the community around me in China, and this connection left me feeling more spiritually whole. We worship in many ways. It is the worship that is important, not the way.
Quaker idea: A community of Quakers can bring us a special spiritual fellowship.
Quaker myth: Spiritual fellowship is found only with other Quakers and people who choose to worship with us.
My idea: It is important to seek out and create spiritual fellowship with other people. "Isolated Friends" are just that. Isolated from Friends, but not isolated from a spiritual community because that can be found and created anywhere through patience and perseverance with people of a multitude of religious ideas or lack of them. In my second year, I was blessed to share my kitchen with a family from Yemen, one from Iran, and one from Egypt. Though they were all Muslims, just having a faith community around me was very strengthening. I was also more able to communicate on a deep level with my Chinese friends. Though they were not religious, they taught me many lessons. I think that my life will be greatly enriched when I understand how they care for their spirits without religion and without a belief in God. Even when not in isolation, we can remember that the Testimony of Community calls us not to build community within our meeting but to build community with everyone around us.
Finally, I realized that it was not the Quaker religion that wasn't able to nourish me in China, but my Quaker culture. The Quaker religion is something that can be practiced anywhere by anyone, with or without a community of other Quakers; but the specific practices of North American Quaker culture are not always transferable. When we see these cultural rituals as our religion, then we are inflexible to growth. We cannot spread as a religion to new regions, or to different racial, ethnic, and economic groups within our own country; and we cannot reach the greatest possible level of personal spiritual growth. Growth in all these ways comes from traveling other paths to God.
This does not mean that we should give up the testimonies that are central to our faith, but that we should examine carefully the relationship between our beliefs and our practices, and separate our religion from our culture. One place to start this process is to learn about Quakerism as it is practiced across the globe. Building friendships and working together with Quakers who are very different from ourselves can help us not only to deepen our own worship, but also to share our religion with more of the community in which we live.
With these realizations, I was able to fashion my own "Quakerism for One," which sustained me through the rest of my time in China. I developed my ideas further through a series of interviews with Friends on their individual spiritual practice that I conducted during a year I spent as a student at Pendle Hill. As a result, I have the following simple suggestions for you, if you are facing time as an isolated Friend:
First, develop a daily spiritual practice. This usually takes the form of reading, yoga, mediation, art, music, or one of many forms of prayer. Do not allow yourself to be intimidated by the thought that you have too little time for such a practice; even a couple of minutes is enough. It might help to read William Taber's Four Doors to Meeting for Worship.
Second, develop a spiritual friendship. It does not matter if the spiritual friend is Quaker or not, or if he or she is close or far away. For more information on Spiritual Friendship, there are short books and a Pendle Hill Pamphlet available.
Third, formalize contact with a meeting. If you have a meeting, ask for a support committee. If you do not have a meeting, make an effort to get to know one. Make a specific agreement with that meeting about what kind of support they will give you and remind them to actually do it. Remember that contact goes both ways. The more that you enrich a meeting with your experiences, the more likely they are to remember you.
Finally, participate in local spiritual activities. This does not mean convert, but it is often refreshing to have contact with other people of faith, even if they do not share your faith.
These practices have enabled me to continue to travel in a spiritually healthy manner. I have also been nourished by my further travels with Friends in Germany, South Africa, and Kenya.
As I anticipate returning home, I am still searching for answers to the following questions:
- How do I deal with the feeling of alienation from U.S. Quaker culture that comes from a deeper understanding of another culture? How can I share this understanding with Friends in a way that might diversify our culture and enrich our religious experience?
- How can I deepen my connection to God? How can I prepare myself for future periods of isolation? How can I support others who are currently isolated?
- Do we educate our children to know God in as many ways as possible? Do we teach them ways to worship without community? Do we make them aware of the rich variety of belief and practice within the Quaker faith?
As I continue to travel and worship with Friends across the globe, I will be constantly seeking other paths; constantly seeking ways to grow myself; and constantly seeking, with my solo wanderings, to bring growth to Quakerism through deeper tolerance, understanding and interconnectedness.


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Most likely assuming that there would still be poor maids living there, former-pirates-turned-model-citizens have exchanged their cutlasses for brooms and hammers in an effort to restore Poor Maid's Mill to its former pre-Calamity glory. Aid the men and women in clearing the farmstead of rats who now infest the ruins.
Name: Poor Maid's Mess
Type: Defend
Level: 20
Location: Upper La Noscea / Oakwood (11,24)
Spawn: 15 min duration
Reward: 4,060 exp, 40 gil, 115 seals
Additional Reward: -
The objective is to get rid of all the rats. You will be helped by the NPCs Salthound Boatswain, Salthound Gunner, Grain Hamper and Rabid Ratata.
Category: Quests
Warning: creating a page through this button makes a page in the category and as a child to the page you're on right now.


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Software Developer
"Developing Software is like creating Art
but in a way that I understand."
Hey I'm Ben! I am a student based in Hattingen, Germany. I am currently 15 years old. I've started programming back in 2015 when I was 8 years old. Since then I've learned a lot about computers in general and programming. You can take a look at the Skills that I've learned. I believe in Open Source so much that all projects are open source and you can use them for free, take a look at the code and maybe learn something new. In fact I believe so much in free and open software that even this website is open source. I am most proud of the projects I've created for the competition Jugend Forscht. In the future I'm looking forward to learn more skills and to create more projects that I enjoy and hopefully help others. If you want to support me on my journey, feel free to join my Discord server.


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Kids Toys, Playhouses, Wagons & Outdoor Toys
They also can construct higher bodily power which is crucial as they develop. Of course, no possibility is truly better than the opposite, somewhat than truly being simply different. It is why the toys have to be made in a means during which they allow for max results and loads of enjoyable. In this case, versatile designs show to be well worth the investment.
Kids can actually "dig" into the world round them to make outstanding discoveries about nearby natural world. There's no must lease a bouncy castle when you possibly can have certainly one of your individual, especially when it comes with a heavy-responsibility air compressor. Kids will love jumping, laughing, and making recollections in it all summer time long.
In order to make use of the toy, youngsters need to seat on their seats which come with handlebars for security. With durable steel development, kids can hop on … Read More


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On Wednesday, June 17th, the Diversity Office at Albany Law School will host the Summer 2009 NY Legal Education Opportunity (LEO) Fellows. Fellows will enjoy a visit and guided tour of the NYS Court of Appeals prior to joining us for a student/alumni luncheon in their honor.
Recently retired Chief Judge Judith S. Kaye has established the New York Legal Opportunity Program (NY LEO) to help ensure a diverse legal community by promoting academic success for individuals historically under-represented in the legal profession. The program assists minority, low-income and educationally disadvantaged college graduates in acquiring the fundamental and practical skills necessary to succeed in law school. The program is available to qualified candidates who will attend law school in New York State this Fall. This is an intensive six-week summer program (beginning June 8 – ending July 17) offered by the New York State Judicial Institute. The Honorable Robert G.M. Keating, the Dean of the NYS Judicial Institute, administers the program. Students are required to live on campus and participate in the program full-time. Experienced law professors will provide instruction in first-year law school core courses as well as in legal research, writing and analysis. As part of the program, students will have the opportunity to visit courts in session and meet with members of the judiciary and other legal professionals.
Albany Law School is committed to an educational environment that values, respects and reflects a global view of diversity. Albany Law School support programs such as the New York Legal Education Opportunity Program and has been a member school in the national Council on Legal Education Opportunity (CLEO) summer program for the past decade. These programs ensure that the legal community reflects the client-base and communities it serves.
If you would like to join us for lunch from Noon-1pm in the Boardroom (in Building 2000) on Wednesday, June 17th or have questions regarding these students, contact Pershia Wilkins, Director of Diversity, at firstname.lastname@example.com or (518)445-3284.
Learn more about the fellows visit, Click Here for agenda & see below photo gallery:


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You may ever get your server getting crash when you are playing Minecraft. However, it is a normal issue in which you surely will get this trouble anytime. When you are playing a game, crashing server will happen. So, if you get your server crashing when launching Minecraft, certainly you do not have to shock with it.
The crashing server when playing a game definitely can make you so stress. But, not only you that get the trouble. Certainly, almost every gamer over the world will ever get this trouble when launching a game, so as for Minecraft game.
The Minecraft is well-known as a famous-easy game in which the server will work well when players are launching it on any devices. Unfortunately, now, Minecraft server also often have a trouble in crashing server. Of course, it makes many players getting disappointed with it.
But, need to know that the Minecraft developers also do not find the exact causes yet why Minecraft server often get the crashing.
Generally, the crashing server is caused by any factors either internal and external. But, there is a sign when you are getting your server crashing.
Furthermore, you can find a sign of crashing server in a Saving Chunks or Shutting Down internal server screen. The most general cause of crashing server are mods, many bugs, error updates, preexisting bugs, the expired versions of server and many more.
Then, modifying the files of original Minecraft can also cause the server crashing. Too many bugs in Minecraft are totally a main cause of crashing server.
When Minecraft server is getting crash, it is so important for you to keep a copy of your save folder (located in the %appdata%/.minecraft directory on Windows systems or ~/.minecraft/ in linux). The file surely can reduce your losses a world to become corrupted.
So, those are the causes why the Minecraft server is often crashing.
So as with the Minecraft server called MCProHosting. As a great Minecraft server hosting, eventually, MCProHosting also will get any crashes.
Of course, the causes also are similar with the common Minecraft servers. In this case, the MCProHosting often get the crashing server when accessed by many players of Minecraft.
Certainly, the crashing server of MCProHosting is caused by too many users accessing this server. Besides, the MCProHosting will be crashing when many players are doing mass TNT for blowing the stuff up. Then, the server automatically will inform you that the server is crashing.
Then, if you get the pop up when you access MCProHosting that says "The server is stopped responding", it means that too many players are blowing the stuff up for mass.
So, the main thing that you have to do when getting the MCProHosting crash is to stop playing Minecraft. Then, close the Minecraft player. It is better for you to wait for a while after the Minecraft is off.
After that, you can try to reboot the server. Well-known that rebooting the server when getting crash is a best way to get it back to normal.


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Thread count is not that crucial while selecting flannel sheets, but pilling is something you would need to look at. Pilling is the propensity of the sheets to form loose fluff balls which makes them feel uncomfortable against the skin.
Today there are many options for the person desiring to get luxury sheets. Silk, Egyptian cotton and Bamboo are the three leading options. Silk bed sheets are both soft and resilient. This makes it a preferred selection for those who take pleasure in the finer things in life. Silk is a fiber that originates from the silkworm. The worm itself feeds on mulberry leaves for about a month. When it begins to rotate a cocoon, after a couple of days it can rotate as much as a mile of silk thread. The shimmer of silk provides a room an excellent elegant atmosphere. Silk sheets are also hypoallergenic, which basically implies that it will not lead to any allergies. The draw back to silk bedding is that it can get rather pricey and too expensive for many individuals. The care and cleaning of silk can also be a duty.
Do you like the feel of a comforter? Both the bedspread and comforter are both fantastic options but it mostly comes down to looks or the quantity of heat required.
A pillow needs a pillow cover to be protected from dust as well as appearance lovely. A pillow cover made of soft materials like natural cotton is comfortable to rest on and is a healthier option than a pillow cover made of artificial materials.


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|Temporarily Relieves Minor Aches, Pains & Fever in Children
|Exp Date
|Major Pharmaceuticals
|Active Ingredient
* This product does not contain directions or complete warnings for adult use
* If possible use weight to dose, otherwise use age
*Or as directed by a doctor
* Repeat dose every 4 hours while symptoms last
* Do not give more than 5 times in 24 hours
* Do not give for more than 5 days unless directed by a doctor
Keep out of Reach of Children
Do not use
Ask a doctor before use if your child has
Ask a doctor or pharmacist before use if your child is
Stop use and ask a doctor if
If pregnant or breastfeeding
Overdose Warning
* In case of overdose, get medical help or contact a Poison Control Center right away
* Quick medical attention is critical for adults as well as for children even if you do not notice any sign or symptom
|Inactive Ingredients
|Content and information on Hargraves Online Healthcare is provided for informational purposes only. It is not meant to substitute the advice provided by one's physician or any other medical professional. You should not use the information contained herein for diagnosing or treating a health problem or disease, or prescribing medication. If you have or suspect that you have a medical problem, immediately contact your health care provider. Information and statements regarding dietary supplements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration and are not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease. While we work extremely hard to ensure that all product information is correct, manufacturers sometimes change their logos, packaging and products. You should use our site as a reference, carefully read all product packaging, and contact the manufacturer with any questions before using a product. We are not liable for inaccuracies or misstatements about products. Customer reviews are provided for informational purposes only. Customer reviews reflect the individual reviewer's results and experiences only and are not verified or endorsed by Hargraves Online Healthcare. Actual results may vary among users.
Write a review for Children's Mapap Acetaminophen 160 mg 30 Chew Tabs (1 or 3 Pack) by Major


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John Cena's Opponent, Big Show's Retirement, Best Called Up NXT Diva, Erick Rowan's Return
Great Scott! It's time for Ask WNW! Happy Back to the Future Day!
Who is going to answer John Cena's Open Challenge at Hell in a Cell?
This is actually a more simplified version of several questions we received. We have had is John Cena's opponent going to be Daniel Bryan, is John Cena's opponent going to be Finn Balor, is John Cena's opponent going to be Big Show, etc etc. Quite honestly the answer is that we don't know because I don't think WWE knows yet. The names mentioned above and many more are being talked about to take on John Cena for the United States Champion at Hell in a Cell this Sunday. The reason there is so much swirling around this match is because of the rumored time off John Cena will be taking after Hell in a Cell. The assumption by many is that Cena will be dropping the championship in his match on Sunday. As for who exactly will be facing the face that runs place, what I can say is that WWE needs to choose wisely. If they are, in fact, planning to have Cena drop the title on Sunday, the person who beats him will gain a lot of momentum in their career. Should WWE hand it off to Big Show or someone of that nature it will be a waste of that momentum. If WWE is smart they will use this opportunity to elevate a worker who deserves it. Off the top of my head I can list half a dozen superstars who deserve that momentum and that championship. Finn Balor, Sami Zayn, Dean Ambrose, Dolph Ziggler, Samoa Joe, and most deserving right now, Cesaro. If it were me booking it, I would have Cena pass his torch to Cesaro who is sorely, but deservingly, in need of a push like this one would give. Needless to say, WWE has the chance to help build a rising star on Sunday, and it's crucial they capitalize on their opportunity.
With all of Big Show's heel reactions mostly coming from people wanting him to retire. Do you see him and WWE maybe doing a retirement angle for WrestleMania?
Big Show's been facing "please retire" chants ever since he faced off against Roman Reigns after WrestleMania. Reigns made a comment in one of his promos that Big Show should do everyone a favor and just retire. Since then the WWE Universe has kept it going and it certainly seems to get under the skin of the Big Show, rightfully so. Then again, he could just be reacting as a heel, but if it were me I'd certainly be rubbed the wrong way. A lot of the heat that Big Show gets isn't his own fault, it's frustration of the WWE fans. Big Show represents talent that has been around for a very long time being put over talent that are rising stars. It's extremely frustrating for fans like myself to watch Big Show go over Cesaro so that he can be fed to Brock Lesnar. As for when Big Show is going to retire, that part is up to him. Big Show can decide to retire whenever he chooses, be it this year, next year or 5 years from now. If Big Show does decide to retire this year I'm sure WWE would be willing to do a retirement angle for him and to help push someone else as the man who retired the giant.
Sasha, Becky and Charlotte. Who has impressed you the most since their debut on the main roster?
This is a tough question, and I have two answers for you. Unfortunately, as much as I personally love her, Becky has fallen to the bottom of this list. That's not to say she isn't impressive, but the focus certainly isn't on her. So that leaves Sasha Banks and Charlotte. Who has impressed me more since their debut on the main roster? Well that's an interesting question because if we're judging based solely on their main roster performances, Charlotte gets the win here. Charlotte has been the focus of the Divas division, winning the Divas Championship before any of the other NXT Divas. Not only did she win the championship, she defeated the longest reigning Divas Champion in history. Sasha Banks and Team BAD have taken a backseat to that rivalry. Now, if we are adding in what's been happening in NXT in the last few months, then Sasha Banks takes the win, hands down. Sasha Banks matches with Bayley have been nothing short of remarkable. The night before SummerSlam Bayley and Sasha Banks put on the best match of the weekend at NXT Takeover: Brooklyn, then at NXT Takeover: Respect Bayley and Sasha wrestled the first ever Woman's Ironman match in the main event. What Sasha and Bayley have been doing is nothing short of trailblazing. So if we're only looking at main roster focus, Charlotte wins. If we're looking at overall performance since their call-ups Sasha Banks gets the win.
Why would WWE have Erick Rowan return with no real story or explanation?
I really can't explain why Erick Rowan's return was so extremely lackluster. This is just another case of WWE creative being so extremely lazy with their writing and just expecting fans to watch without question. Without sounding like an angry IWC fan, I can't help but be frustrated with the booking situation in WWE recently. Erick Rowan has been out for a very long time and the Wyatt Family is currently in a hot feud with Roman Reigns and Dean Ambrose. There were several booking scenarios that would have been easy "layups." Rowan could have returned to fight with Dean Ambrose against his former family. Rowan could have been the Wyatt's "ace in the hole" in either the tag team match or the Hell in a Cell match. Instead WWE just literally had him walk out as if nothing had changed. It's booking like this that has fans tuning out. Ratings are dropping every week and instead of trying to take advantage of every opportunity they have, they're barely going through the motions. If WWE wants to pull out of this ratings backslide, they're going to have to try a lot harder than they are.
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