text:
Joint Effort Fiction
QsMistress: =)
TlNell56: hows it going
QsMistress: sokay, tired tho, took a tylenol pm earlier and it's
still in my system
TlNell56: im tired too, did alot of running around today and now im
feeling it, will need to take a pain pill tonight
QsMistress: aw *hugs*
TlNell56: thanks *hugs back atya*
QsMistress: =)
TlNell56: hey, now you did the story "men on stories" does this mean
that bob's back
QsMistress: uh yes and no, i write when i'm inspired but i cant force
it or i write drivel
TlNell56: what usely inspires you
QsMistress: dunno really, i usually get inspired to write like it's
an obsession and then other times i dont wanna do jack
TlNell56: it's alot like when i read a story, i start to read it and
nothing it doesn't do anything and i stop the next day i could read
it and it be a great story
QsMistress: exactly, sometimes you have to be in a creative mood
QsMistress: i love writing but sometimes i'm just too tired or too
busy with other things that i lose my inspiration for a while and
suddenly it'd hit me hard
TlNell56: yea somedays i get a good ideal for a story and i tell
myself ok todays the day i going to write a story and i start to
write it and the ideal just goes away and i just cant get the feel of
the story to come out
QsMistress: yup writer's block sucks the big one
TlNell56: im reading a web site that has nothing but tickles storys
by alot of different authurs
QsMistress: lol
TlNell56: that would be a good story ares finding joxer ticklish
spots or even better cupid finding strife's ticklish spots making him
giggles, i just love strifes giggles
QsMistress: strife is cool but he's got issues lol
TlNell56: oh oh oh cupid tickling strife giggling till he get the
hiccups. can you see it everytime he hiccips something happen
QsMistress: lol!
TlNell56: the gods and mortal wouldn't know what was going on.
QsMistress: shit, i can just see it, Strife hiccups and candles light
up, he does it again and ares' hair starts dancing lol
TlNell56: hiccup, zeus becomes naked at a meeting, fish rains down on
QsMistress: lol
TlNell56: dite's spells backfire on her
QsMistress: he hiccups and joxer's clothing becomes sheer and see
through loll
TlNell56: eris weapons turn to flowers during a war
QsMistress: horses become penguins
TlNell56: Jerkules clothes changes in to dresses
QsMistress: iolaus becomes a red head
TlNell56: men becomes preg while women dont
QsMistress: gods could u imagine lol
TlNell56: Zena becomes a flower child and gabby starts to act like a
man scraching and spitting
TlNell56: oh man that would be so funny
QsMistress: ares feels something on his tongue and looks in the
mirror and notices a tongue ring, much to jox's delight lol
QsMistress: Hera becomes June Cleaver and starts wearing pearls and
saying stuff like Now, now, Beaver lol
TlNell56: joxer wants it all the time and ares has a headache and
wants to be left alone
QsMistress: gods
QsMistress: cupid turns into a leprechan
TlNell56: zeus, what can we do to him
TlNell56: cupid with the irish accent
QsMistress: give him a bushy tail and big buck teeth and he goes
around saying duh alot
TlNell56: and falls in love with a thorny bush, try to make love to
QsMistress: ouch
TlNell56: lol
QsMistress: apollo becomes afraid of flowers and trees
TlNell56: hades want to open a hole to the dark world to let lite in
because its to dark thats why everyone down there is unhappy
QsMistress: lol
TlNell56: lol
QsMistress: eris wears yellow dresses and skips around singing about
the sun and moon and purple horseshoes
TlNell56: xena going around say make love not war and gabby wants a
beer and a recliner chair
QsMistress: lol
QsMistress: cupid keeps doing the irish jig while slinging back beer
TlNell56: hera patting joxer on the head and say *now, now dear he'l
be fine in the morning it's just his time of the month*
QsMistress: all the male gods and mortals actually getting a monthly
TlNell56: hey if they can get preg they should get that too
TlNell56: OH zeus telling hera it's all her fault that he's fat and
cant see his um *feet*
QsMistress: lol!
TlNell56: eris thinking that her *baby boy* needs a father, start
courting all the male gods to find her baby a daddy
QsMistress: lol
QsMistress: aphrodite thinks she's ugly so she goes around in baggy
clothes and no make up gah! oh the horror!
TlNell56: jerkules thinks he's aprodite and starts wearing her
clothes and makeup and trys to do love spells
QsMistress: lol
QsMistress: iolaus thinks he's a dog and starts sniffing everyone's
butt and crotch, learning that gods really can smell of sex lol
TlNell56: iolaus having to have a flea bath
QsMistress: bliss starts trying to bite everyone on the knee or butt
TlNell56: hep thinks that bliss is a pretty butterfly and trys to
catch him
QsMistress: jox corners ares and forces his way onto...into him, ares
runs off crying, just remember they dont remember what happened after
this is all said and done lol
TlNell56: meanwhile jett and jace are looking a everyone thinking the
world has gone nuts and that they're in the twilite zone
QsMistress: wouldnt it affect everyone but strife and maybe gaia
TlNell56: maybe they were visting gaia
TlNell56: the three J's are the son of strife
QsMistress: gaia senses a disturbance in the force and investigates
QsMistress: well jox got affected
TlNell56: so they can vist gaia, and no one believe jett and jace
when they tell them what they were doing
QsMistress: lol
TlNell56: but jox was on olypmis ok i dont know how to spell it
QsMistress: oo oo ares is half covered in clothing running away from
jox who already did him and did him good, dite is envious cause no
one wants to do her cause she's ugly, bliss keeps bitting people's
butts, cupid won't stop sounding like Lucky Charms on crack, Hades
still thinks it's too dull in Tartarus, Hera is yelling after ares
and Jox saying 'Boys will be Boys', Zeus wont stop trying to hump the
thistle bushes, and Strife comes out of his room still hiccuping
wondering what the hell happen. lol
TlNell56: :-D oh man im about to piss my pants that's just to funny
QsMistress: nice visuals huh
TlNell56: an zeus trying to figure out how he got thistle thorns
stuck in penis
QsMistress: yup
TlNell56: great visuals, i could just see it
QsMistress: and ares wondering why his clothes are ripped, his ass
hurts like he had a fist shoved up there, jox wondering why he
suddenly feels frisky, ares finding out he's preggers and someone
telling him it was joxer as he runs after jox to smack him one
TlNell56: cupid trying to figure out why he's dress like the guy on
the box of lucky charms cereal
QsMistress: lol
TlNell56: eris see's herself in a dress and screams her temple down
QsMistress: dite looking at herself only to scream in horror before
changing and demanding someone tell her what happen, no one knows so
doesnt say and she threatens them with no more orgies and people
start making shit up
QsMistress: lol
QsMistress: apollo wondering why he's killing innocent flowers and
trees with a sword
TlNell56: the freaky four demanding to know which god did this to them
QsMistress: lol
TlNell56: each god is accusing each other
QsMistress: bliss wondering why his mouth tastes funny
TlNell56: and why there is a butterfly net around him
QsMistress: lol
TlNell56: hep keeps dreaming about a very large butterfly bitting him
on his but
QsMistress: heph wondering why he's got bliss captured in a net for
and why he has a room full of winged beings in there, not including
cupid would quickly changes clothes and tries hard to get rid of the
funny accent he cant seem to lose
QsMistress: lol!
TlNell56: lol
QsMistress: hera looking down at herself and wondering why she looks
like an old 50's vacuum cleaner commercial complete with pearls and
why she has this sudden obsession with someone or someting called
TlNell56: boy is strife getting a rush out of this
TlNell56: oh a male god going up to eris telling that they're getting
married in three days so her baby boy can have a daddy
QsMistress: eris zapping him one before saying you aint my baby's
TlNell56: oh i can see strife rolling on the floor laughing his head
off with that mischief crazy laugh of his
QsMistress: jox doing his damnedest to get away from ares who before
this didnt know he exsisted but is now preggers with his kid, dite
running after ares telling him to leave her stud muffin alone, hera
running after the three of them asking about what they wanna call the
baby, zeus sitting awkwardly on a chair picking thistles out of his
wilted penis, heph reassuring a crying bliss that they were actually
playing a game, apollo grungingly replanting new flowers and trees to
replace the ones he hacked to pieces, cupid banging his head against
the wall to see if it'll help with his speech
QsMistress: yeah me too lol
TlNell56: and strife peg with cupids baby but cant figure out why the
baby talks with an irish accent
QsMistress: lol!
QsMistress: jox keeps running til he trips over strife's prone and
giggling body sending him splatting onto his face, ares and the
others following after winding up in a dog pile ontop of jox who
wishes he was dead, hades scratching his head and looking around
wondering where all the damn sunshine was coming from, bliss getting
this sudden urge for rump roast, gabby cant fight the habit of
scratching her crotch and spitting every five minutes, xena getting
pissed cause every other word is make love not war, iolaus wondering
why he's got a wet trail running down his leg and this sudden urge to
sniff herc's crotch
TlNell56: jett and jace thinks they're better off spending more time
with gaia than with the others god, because the way the gods are
actting someone must have spike the ambrosa
QsMistress: gaia whisks the three of them to the halls of time to see
what happened and all three wind up all the floor laughing their
asses off at everything that went down
TlNell56: and everytime someone has the hiccups or says the word
hiccups they wind up on the floor laughting
TlNell56: their ass's off
TlNell56: oh man this needs to posted to the list, see what happens
when your tired and on pain pills
QsMistress: zeus finally finished getting the thistles out of his
penis and is now appologizing profusely to it, ares suddenly jumps up
in pain as the baby inside him grows from a dot to a 9 lb baby in
seconds, jox squeals in terror and runs for his life again before
ares has the opportunity to grab him, hera claps her hands and making
ares squat says you pitch and i'll catch, dite faints from seeing
where the baby is coming out from, cause no baby that big should be
able to fit out of a whole that small, bliss runs to his dad to try
and stop him from becoming even more blonde, cupid sighs in relief
when he actually talks like himself again but now he has this
fascination for green and gold buckles
QsMistress: u want me to post this aol chat to the list?
TlNell56: post it where you want to, it's just so funny
QsMistress: you're turn
TlNell56: jerkules wondering what he's doing wearing dites dresses
and makeup and why he's hold some bottle with potions in them and why
a lot of couple are mad at him and they all have pink or lime green
QsMistress: xena gets mad at gabby's spitting cause she slipped on a
big puddle of it and iolaus keeps getting hit on by big smelly guys
who thought his sniffing them was a come on, ares butt is sore and
wont be participating in orgies for awhile, hera cooing at the baby
who unfortunately came out with jox's nose, jox peeking out from
around a column trying to see his kid but afraid of ares blasting him
into next week, strife giggling so hard he goes into labor too, cupid
who now has a big sword design on his forehead from smacking it into
the wall hears strife's pain and runs over only to trip over dite who
still on the floor, making him fly across the room and land on zeus
while zeus was trying to get his penis to work again, gabby wondering
if she caught crabs from xena or iolaus or hercules or iphicles since
she can't seem to break the habit of scratching at herself
QsMistress: ?
TlNell56: thinking
QsMistress: just make something funny up
TlNell56: the gods got together and decided that the next time strife
got the hiccups they were going to put him in a bubble till it over
with, because none of them want to go thru that again
QsMistress: the end?
QsMistress: lol
TlNell56: anything else can you think of
QsMistress: nope
QsMistress: i'll post it unless you want to lol
TlNell56: me either
Round Robin
Joint Effort Fiction
Broken links or other errors can be sent to
. Suggestions are also welcome.


text:
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subset: commoncrawl


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text:
Insomnia and Aromatherapy
Insomnia is such a common problem! Aromatherapy and essential oils can help and support every level. It is very important to understand and understand the source of insomnia.
What Causes It?
There are a number of reasons, here are some examples:
~ Tension that can be many reasons
~ Financial problems
~ Health issues
~ Depression
~ Anxiety
~ Unable to turn off your mind, which can cause excessive stimulation
~ Relationship issues
~ Excessive excitation
As aromatherapy, I focus on essential oils and applications that have been very supportive at the personal level and for my clients. First, here is a list of essential oils that help you relax, reassure riders and insomnia.
Frankincense, Sandalwood, Clary Sage, Sweet Marjoram, Geranium, Patchouli, Lemon, Mandarin, Bergamot, Sweet Orange, Neroli, Rose, German Chamomile, Lavender, Ylang Ylang and Vetiver.
Remember that we are all individuals and more responsive to different essential oils / blends. Some of these essential oils are also contraindicated for those who have severe depression and feel they want to sleep all the time.
You can choose from many essential oils. Some essential oils that can be added here are basil, cypress, juniper, grapefruit, tea tree and peppermint. These oils strengthen the mind and nervous system. they also encourage essential oils that can give you energy to support you on your day.
It is very important to seek advice from a fully trained specialist to get the most appropriate treatment.
Aromatherapy and Essential Oils can work very well with oriental or western herbs, and it is very important that someone you talk to can help relieve emotions and emotions.
Methods of Application that can be incorporated into your life to support and improve your health and well-being.
~ Inhalation is very effective and quick because it is in direct contact with your brain.
~ Lubricating the mixture or oil on your foot steps can be done in the morning and in the evening. I find that 3 drops are enough.
~ Regular massage is always beneficial, starts on a weekly basis and drops every month for maintenance.
~ Foot baths are wonderful and of course full body baths, and they just want to sit in it for more than 15 minutes, otherwise we may not achieve the desired result.
~ The room and body spray are wonderful and one of the most commonly used applications.
It is important to consult your aromatherapy physician to avoid contraindications to any of the essential oils.
Tips ~ wherever you sleep, make sure your place promotes you.
For example: comfortable mattress and pillow, nice and soft skin on the skin. The weight of the bed coverage, some like the big covers, some prefer light covers.
Do you prefer a dark room not to come in? Create a beautiful, safe place that you feel comfortable with, so you feel relaxed and relaxed. Soft music, soft lighting and fragrance may start. Whatever you ask, what you have to do!
- Published On : 4 years ago on April 18, 2019
- Author By : 346@dmin
- Last Updated : April 18, 2019 @ 5:22 am
- In The Categories Of : Uncategorized
What is Essential Oil? Overview of essential oils
The properties of lime essential oil for aromatherapy treatments


text:
Interview with: Oswald (Ossie) Apps (OA)
Occupation: Cane farmer
Interviewer: Gary McKay (GM)
Location of Interview: Apps' farm, Yandina
Date of Interview: 22 September 2003
Oswald 'Ossie' Apps was born in 1924 and when he came onto the land he was the third generation Apps cane farmers who could trace their history in the Moreton area back to 1909. He worked as a cane cutter and assisted on his father's farm until he enlisted in the Second World War at age 18 and served in New Guinea where he worked in the 5th Division Headquarters. He survived a bad jeep accident and came home from the War in late 1945 and went straight into cutting cane by hand. Ossie has gradually expanded his initial farm from 13 hectares to over 278 hectares at its peak. He has one of his two sons and several grandsons now involved in the cane growing side of the sugar industry bringing five generations of Apps' knowledge to the land. Now almost 80 years of age, he is still very active on his farms and loves to get out and drive the tractor ploughing, planting or helping with the harvesting. His methods of crop rotation and land care have kept his farm highly productive. Ossie has seen almost every method of growing, planting, harvesting and hauling cane that has occurred in the Maroochy River cane area.
Audio file
Ossie Apps oral history [MP3 144MB]
GM: This is a recording of an interview with Ossie Apps recorded on Monday 22 September 2003 for the Maroochy Libraries Last Crush project, recorded by Gary McKay.
Ossie could you tell us what your family history has been in this area in terms of farming, specifically your grandfather and father?
OA: Well my grandfather came to the area in approximately 1909. He had a friend at Maroochydore by the name of Bill Evans who invited him to come to the area. He (Grandfather) was living in a place called Ulmarra, just south of the township of Maclean in New South Wales and he grew cane and had a few cows as well. And he came to the area here on Bill's advice, took up a farm opposite Dunethin Rock where his eldest son, Jim, actually farmed the area. My grandfather had five sons and there were five that he brought to the area at one time and four of them each ended up with a cane farm, but Jim the eldest one was the one that really made good. The others eventually went back to various jobs in New South Wales. One was an engine driver in the Butter Factory at Bryon Bay, another was a barber in Maclean and I do not know what the others did. But my dad was born in 1900 so he had a few years to go before he bought a farm – or my grandfather bought a farm for him and the farm that he bought was up the river (Maroochy) where most of the family lived for a few years. And then my dad when he was 18 – he was the second youngest – the youngest son, Bert, wanted to be a farmer so the grandfather paid a deposit on a farm opposite Dunethin Lake where I now live where the old house is and they worked that property. They started off with 14 acres of cane land that had been cleared and it was a 32-acre farm. So they had to clear and develop the rest of it. They had a few bananas and of course I think in those days you couldn't have a property in your own name until you were 21. So when he was 21 the grandfather decided righto you better have the farm in your own name and then a couple of years later his younger brother came into the farm with him. That farm is probably the only original farm that is in the Apps' name. The other Apps had left the district for various reasons and it is only my family that is growing cane in the Maroochy area at the present time.
GM: So you were born in 1924 and born and bred in Nambour (Maroochy River) I guess we could say?
OA: Yes.
GM: And went to school in Nambour?
OA: No I went to school across the Maroochy River at Dunethin Rock. The school is not there now, it got white ants in it and I think about 1970 or something like that, they demolished it and now it is a Scout camp. But I had all my schooling there.
GM: Was it just taken that you were going to go onto the land? Was that sort of taken as read?
OA: Oh yes, being the only son naturally you sort of tried to follow in your father's footsteps. I used to enjoy getting home from school – playing the wag or whatever – when they were planting cane, they used to plant cane out of a bag, and it was a great thing to come home and just do that.
GM: When you say 'plant cane', what is it a seed or a cutting?
OA: A cutting. It is part of the stalk and you try to get two 'eyes' in each set, which was about 18 inches (450 mm) long.
GM: What do you mean by 'eyes'?
OA: Well each joint of the cane has an eye and the roots come out from just around that joint, from around the 'eye'.
GM: Oh okay. But the Second World War came along didn't it?
OA: Yep.
GM: And you enlisted when you were 18?
OA: Yes.
GM: You went into transport; did they call it Transport or Service Corps?
OA: Actually I was in the transport section that catered for the Headquarters. We were the 5th Division (HQ), the only actual Queensland Division, and I went in there as a Headquarters transport driver.
GM: And served in New Guinea and ended up at the end of the War in New Britain?
OA: Yep.
GM: Okay, and still have got all your arms and legs.
OA: Actually I tipped a jeep over in Lae (New Guinea) in a bomb crater and nearly lost my life there but survived. I was driving a captain from the unit and he was on the bottom side and I was on the topside and I could see that the jeep was going to go up the side of this crater. I had no … (brakes). I actually picked up some sig(nal) wire when we were at a unit and the sig wire severed the hydraulic brake line and let all the oil out so I had no brakes.
GM: Oh, you had run across it and picked it up?
OA: Yep, and it tipped over. He got out, but I was jammed between the two seats in the front until a few of the blokes from another unit came along and tipped it over and upright, but I survived that.
GM: So you came back from the War, what probably in 1946?
OA: October 1945.
GM: And back onto the land?
OA: Yep, I went straight into the cane cutting gang. They were cutting cane. The farms were in groups and you had four farms in a group and according to the amount of tons that were in that group, you were allocated a number of men to do that cutting and loading. Normally they worked out about six ton per man, so if you were on 24 ton per day in your group, you had four men to do that.
GM: Not much chance for slacking there is there?
OA: No, no.
GM: And this is hand cutting too?
OA: Yes.
GM: How did you actually work down a row?
OA: Well in those days you actually cut a stalk at a time. You grabbed a couple of stalks in the stool, cut it off at the bottom and laid it over in a heap. After that they improved and if the cane was standing they would put their arm around it and say that was 'stooling' and they would cut it in a stool. But afterwards, probably about 1947, they developed an idea of cutting three rows in one – the 'Yankee' style of cut. They would cut two rows or they could only cut so many stalks at a time - but two rows - and they would put the butts (ends) against the third row and then when they did that they would just go along, fall the third row on top of the two that they had already cut and that was called the 'Yankee' style. And that was all in one big row. Before that they used to put the cane in heaps or in bundles where they could just pick up the one bundle.
GM: I guess a cane cutter goes along and chops it off at the bottom, right at ground level?
OA: Yes, well some of them used to cut it a bit higher and the farmer would have to go along and … (see they did it right).
GM: This is burnt cane?
OA: Burnt cane, yep.
GM: You did not cut it in the green by hand?
OA: Not in those days.
GM: And then it would be taken and loaded onto what in those days?
OA: It was loaded onto wooden frame trucks.
GM: That are run out on this portable line?
OA: Yes, the portable line.
GM: Who chops the tops off the cane?
OA: The cutter would have to do that after he had done his section. They would work as a team and they would sort of follow each other to cut the tops off. It was just an accepted process I suppose.
GM: I notice that there is a photograph of your father here with a great big cane knife in his hand, but I notice he is in bare feet.
OA: Yep, my father never wore shoes.
GM: I just find that incredible. I mean that is tough dirt out there.
OA: Yes, when he came to Queensland from New South Wales - he and his brother came to Queen Street in Brisbane – they made them wear shoes before they left Maclean – the first thing they did in Queen Street was take their shoes off!
GM: So your father kept the farm going during the War?
OA: Yes, he and his brother.
GM: How long did you do this cane cutting for?
OA: The manual cut cane? I don't know when we got into mechanical harvesting.
GM: Did mechanical harvesting come in around 1957 or somewhere around there?
OA: Oh no it was later than that. They improved from the manual cutting; they got front-end loaders, the Ferguson tractor and they had a loader on the front and it picked up the cane in a bundle and put it on the trucks. So that was the first step in the mechanisation – the front-end loaders. Then they got wholestick harvesters, we had one here, I had one for a couple of years until I sold it and then they went from that into chopper harvesting with the Don Solo machines, made in Bundaberg and they improved on that to hydraulically controlled (machines). Still the same system, it still cut it into billets and fed it into (cane) bins.
GM: The billets are the little lengths about a foot (300 mm) long?
OA: Yes, the chopped section.
GM: So you got your own farm in about 1952?
OA: Yep, well it was my father's farm; he also had another farm across the river.
GM: And you were about 28 years of age?
OA: Must have been.
GM: Were you married?
OA: I married in 1944.
GM: Was this a big step for you having your own farm?
OA: Oh yes, it used to frighten me because you had to do all the business side of things; up until then somebody else did it. But I soon got my wife (Lurline) into handling the business side of things, you know, paying your taxes, paying your insurances…
GM: Doing all the books?
OA: Yes, that used to worry me. But apart from that I suppose over the years I had a fair knowledge of growing cane and how to grow it and what to do. I used to do different experiments myself on different varieties. We had several varieties of cane.
GM: I was going to ask that question, how many varieties of cane do we grow in the Maroochy River area?
OA: Well the Sugar Growers have probably got about twelve varieties that you can grow now and out of that twelve varieties, we would probably grow about three. NCO 310 was our best variety in the early days – say in the late '50s – NCO came into the area and it was a sort of a 'mortgage buster' I suppose because the price of the cane wasn't too bad at that time and you always had a good crop out of this one variety. It was high in CCS. I had a 17.05 in CCS one time - only just the one sample of cane - I had 17.05, whereas normally your yearly average in those days was about 14. Nowadays it is not quite so good because of mechanical harvesting.
GM: You get that degradation on the end of the billets; is that what causes the CCS to drop?
OA: Oh no, you get more extraneous matter that goes in, like more rubbish. In the early days you always cut the growing part off – you knew just where to top your cane so that you had more of the purity of juice.
GM: The mechanical harvester can't do that because it can't read it, can it?
OA: No.
GM: It can't do everything.
OA: No.
GM: So you had your own farm in 1952. Tell us about your own farm history from the time you got your own farm.
OA: Well I think 1967 we bought this farm here (from an adjoining neighbour). The original farm that my grandfather bought my father was a 32-acre farm and it joined this farm here, which was 24 acres. We had a lot of hillside but in fact I gave the hillside to my daughter. That was in 1967 and the chap that owned this farm also had some ti-tree land out at Valdora, which we took over and developed about 10 acres of it. This was about 1967, I think. In the whole block we developed the rest of that land. I had my two sons with me at that time. With my eldest son it didn't work out, it didn't sort of plan out that he fitted in on the farm. He had his qualifications as a mechanic; he was a diesel fitter and when he came on the farm, he still tried to work with that same knowledge like working for somebody else. So any rate after a couple of years, he went back to his job as a mechanic and the other son Rodney and myself worked the farm, with outside labour of course. We got contractors in to clear this ti-tree; we had a bulldozer of our own but only a small one. We used to clean up after the big bulldozer and put in windrows and we burnt it and we would use the smaller dozer for the burning those things and pushing them together and getting out the stumps And then the property next door was the same size so we bought it and that would have been about, I suppose, 1970 when we bought that property. And then the chap that owned the remainder of the land offered me this block of 136 acres in the remainder, which was all standing ti-tree and actually we signed the agreement and the deal on his bed with the two solicitors there and he died about five days after that. A nice old chap.
GM: Was it commercial ti-tree for commercial growing or was it just scrub?
OA: Well it was scrub. But when you say, "Was it commercial use?" the chap that owned it had a sawmill at Valdora, and he used to use a lot of that stuff for case timber and even some of the foundations or the joists of the houses. They used that; the only trouble was it was very hard, when it dried out it was very hard. They don't use it today of course.
GM: Is Rodney still in the industry?
OA: Yes. He is the manager of the farm now.
GM: So we have really got four (sic: five) generations now, haven't we? Your grandfather, your father, yourself and your son (and two grandsons Shane and Troy).
OA: Yes, we have a fifth (sic: sixth) generation; Rod's second boy has a son (Kory).
GM: Yes? Wow! There can't be too many five (sic: six) generations (working cane).
OA: No.
GM: So the total amount of acreage under the Apps' name?
OA: Would be approximately 300 hectares. I think we have 258 (sic: 278) actually as cane assignment; the rest is taken up with roads, headlands, drains etc.
GM: But you have been growing other crops as well?
OA: No, not until last year. Last year we grew some soya beans as a stock feed, a couple of other legumes that we baled up for stock feed and of course we use the trash blanket now as mulch and sell that.
GM: "Trash blanket"?
OA: Yes, when I say "trash blanket", in other words, we cut our cane green - we went into green cane harvesting about 1996 - and of course we use the trash on the ground to stop weed growth, hold the moisture in the ground. It wasn't a good idea on some of the lower land because it kept the moisture in for too long. So we restricted that and they bought out a machine that used to spin the trash off the row and we bought one of those machines. A couple of years ago we bought a baler and we bale this trash into big bales.
GM: Big round ones?
OA: Yep.
GM: I notice some farmers also have them in little rectangular bales.
OA: Yes.
GM: I buy a couple of those for my tomatoes. After you harvest, do you go back and plant cane again?
OA: Our system is that if we have a plant crop of cane and then we have four ratoons. Cane will just keep ratooning, as you cut it off; it has eyes under the ground and it will keep shooting up. So our system is to cut it as a plant crop and then four ratoons and then chop it out, put in a green crop and then plant it up the following year.
GM: When you say a green crop, in other words…
OA: A legume.
GM: So that is your rotation system?
OA: Yep.
GM: So you do five on and one off?
OA: Yes. The green crop is to put a bit more nitrogen back into the soil.
GM: And this stock feed is just sold in the local market?
OA: Yes, people buy it for gardens; it is mainly done for gardening.
GM: What do you think is the capital investment in your farm today with all the machinery and stuff?
OA: I worked it out the other day if we were sold up - and hoping you would get the best price - we would have 6.5 million dollars.
GM: It is a big investment isn't it?
OA: It is, that's my wife, myself and the son. We have his wife and we have the two grandsons in at one time, but now they sort of want to go out on their own, so there is just the four of us - Rod and his wife and myself and my wife (Lurline) and the two grandsons when we need them.
GM: In the slack season, how do spend all of your time out there while this cane is busily growing? What do you spend most of time doing while the cane is growing?
OA: Well if you have got fallow ground, we have got a laser leveller and we level the land off. Any drainage that needs to be done is carried out with the excavator or a backhoe. My job mainly is mowing headlands, spraying drains, cleaning drains, whereas the others - the son and his sons – do all the machinery repairs. I don't do any mechanical repairs at all.
GM: But you are really keeping weeds down aren't you, from invading the property?
OA: Oh yes.
GM: It is a big area.
OA: See with the trash blanket now it suppresses the weed growth. Once upon a time we would be cultivating the cane after every shower of rain. Now that has been sort of eliminated.
GM: Why did you go to cutting in the green?
OA: Why?
GM: Yes, whereas once upon a time you always cut burnt cane.
OA: I suppose we didn't have to burn the cane was one thing. Sometimes if you burn a block of cane and you got rain on it you were in trouble until the ground dried out for your mechanical harvesters. Cutting green you could stop and start whenever you wanted. Plus the fact that we had the trash on the ground to stop weed growth and control moisture, and now of course baling it for supplementary income.
GM: When they cut by hand and did manual cutting, they always cut burnt cane didn't they?
OA: Yes, sometimes in wet times they would cut a bit in the green, but frankly they didn't like it. They didn't like to cut in the green.
GM: Some one said something about Weil's Disease?
OA: Yes, that was mainly in the Northern areas, carried by rats.
GM: In their urine.
OA: Yes. We never had that sort of problem here, not that I know of. We used to get an odd snake in the cane.
GM: How long does it take to harvest the cane crop?
OA: Well, it depends on the tonnage in the area, but normally the Mill would run for 20 weeks. A 20-week season and your allotment would be based on that 20 weeks.
GM: So who gives you that allotment, is it a cane inspector that comes along?
OA: Yes, the cane inspector.
GM: He comes around and says right we want you to have this, this and this crop. Is it by tonnages or what?
OA: No, he estimates your whole farm and he just divides that then into the weeks of the year (crushing season). Your allotment would be based on that.
GM: But your whole cane crop wouldn't all mature at the same time, would it?
OA: No that is where the varieties come into it. You have early maturing varieties, mid-season varieties and late-season varieties.
GM: Oh okay.
OA: In the early days we would have two-year-old cane and you would always cut that first because that would mature before the one-year-old (cane). We have had some standover that we are cutting this year - they are cutting it today as a matter of fact - but only because the ground was too wet at the end of last year that we have got the two-year-old cane.
GM: Does that affect the CCS in standover cane?
OA: Well, most years the CCS would be higher in two-year-old cane, but last year some of ours got frosted and the CCS was not so high. Where we would be getting 13s and 14s (CCS) this year we are only getting 11s and 12s. But we are just about finished that now.
GM: Now getting cane to the Mill, you would have seen some various methods of getting cane to the Mill since you were a boy?
OA: Well as far back as I can remember, we sent our cane to the Mill via a punt. And this punt was a big barge controlled by a boat like a fishing boat now, about a 30-footer (6.5 metres) and the punt would hold eight trucks of (wholestick) cane and it would go… My uncle had a farm right up the river there and that was as far as the punt used to go. We had a punt down here, but only for one year that I can remember. This is one of the areas that they laid the Mill tramline early in the piece from the Store Bridge (Yandina Co-op had a shop there) down here up to Fischers, what they call Fischer's Line. But from then on the punt used to cart the cane from further up the river.
GM: How far up did it go?
OA: Up to what they call Browne's Rocks. Just this side of it.
GM: Oh yes, a bit hard to get around that wouldn't it? It is a bit shallow.
OA: Yes. And then there was an unloading place down here at Dunethin Lake and the bloke (Vic Gaylard) would have three horses ready and come up there and coincide with (the arrival of) the punt. He and his team of horses would drag those eight full trucks of cane off onto a line. The line went almost up to the lake and they would always have the empty trucks there to bring down and so he would pull the full ones off onto a line and then he would drag the empty ones back to load on the punt.
GM: Did your dad have horses?
OA: Yep. Always had horses; I have got photos of the horses there. And we had an old Fordson tractor as well.
GM: And that was for hauling trucks?
OA: No we always used the horses here. We used the old Fordson tractor on the farm over the river to drag the trucks in. The portable line was always hard work; lifting that line up.
GM: Just run through that system for laying line that you explained before we started the interview, about who was responsible for what bits of line and laying it down.
OA: You had what they called a portable line and the farmer was responsible for a set of jump points and these jump points, to do a right angle turn from a main line you would have the jump points and then you would have three curves and the three (sections of) curves would make up a right angle turn down to the row of cane where you would put your trucks. The farmer was responsible for laying the curves – he would work in with the cutters sometimes – and one would help the other but the farmer would have to pack those curves because if you didn't have it packed right you would have a lot of derailed trucks. There was a lot of skill in that; you would always carry about a cord (approximate weight of about a tonne) of pieces of wood out in your field to pack those curves. You learnt the hard way.
GM: I can imagine.
OA: Yes, absolutely.
GM: People wouldn't be too happy when the trucks went off.
OA: Nope.
GM: And then you would run this temporary line, how often would you have to lay that line down the rows?
OA: About every 18 rows of cane you would shift your line over.
GM: And then you would take nine (rows) from each side?
OA: Yes.
GM: And then you would move it again?
OA: Yes.
GM: How long would it take you to take up that set of temporary line and then re-lay it?
OA: Well, I suppose about an hour. You would do nine chains (approximately 180 metres) in an hour with four cane cutters. One each end to a link and as I said there were four lengths to the chain.
GM: Was it sun-up to sundown type of stuff?
OA: Oh absolutely. Yep, if you could see, you would be out there. Frost on the grass and everything.
GM: Were the cutters seasonal workers who came in?
OA: Yes.
GM: And they would stay here on the property?
OA: We had barracks. Some farmers had to provide barracks.
End Side A/Start Side B
GM: Side B of a Tape 1 of an interview with Ossie Apps recorded by Gary McKay on 22 September 2003 for The Last Crush Project.
We talked about punting cane, but you have always had tramline here?
OA: Yes on this farm here, yes, from my early days any rate.
GM: What has been the growth in output for your property here in terms of tons of cane do you think?
OA: Well I suppose we would have an average on this particular farm here of oh, 90 tons to the hectare and a seasonal average of 14, and when I say 14 that is the percentage of sugar (CCS). You divide that into 100 and that would tell you how many tons of cane that would take to make a ton of sugar. So being a 14 (CCS), that would be approximately seven ton of cane to make one ton of sugar and we would be paid on that percentage of sugar.
GM: What do you think has been your best season?
OA: I think 199... In the '90s any rate, we cut 20,000 (tons), nearly 21 and this year we should cut our highest tonnage because we have had some cane that have let standover and if it is the last year (for the Mill), we are going to try and make sure we cut the lot.
GM: What about the worst season do you think?
OA: Probably back in 1999, 1993 or 99, we cut 8000 something. It is always hard to remember the exact years, but I think in the '80s we had a couple of bad years, but the price (of sugar) was better, so in actual money maybe we made more money.
GM: But in terms of output in actual tonnages. What causes these fluctuations?
OA: The overseas prices.
GM: No
OA: Oh you mean the tonnages on the farm? The seasonal conditions, a lot of our cane is grown in wet, peat ground and if get a wet season you don't get such a good crop; you can't get rid of that water. We have a flood pump that at times we have to use if the cane is very short - you have got to get that water out before it kills the heart of the cane. So probably dry seasons on an overall picture are probably better for us than the wet seasons because we have so much low land.
GM: But the whole area is very low isn't it? All the way out to Coolum. I mean you are driving along the motorway and you are looking down on the top of the cane.
OA: That's right, yes.
GM: I don't think a lot of people realise that when they say, 'Oh yes, there is a lot of good cane land here,' (for housing), but it isn't. It is pretty low.
OA: Yes and your farm is only as good as your drainage. And that was the first thing we learnt in clearing land was to drain the land first. You couldn't get bulldozers or anything in it unless you had a drain. And those big canals you see out along the Coolum swamp there now were dug and maintained by a group of growers. I was chairman of that group and we had a bloke that I always said he was the Chief Engineer and his name was Johnny Ward. He used to plan the size of the drain and he even put in plans for the culverts on the road that is there now, the Coolum (to Yandina) road – the size of the culverts. And of course I suppose now in some of the wet years you might say that they weren't big enough, but at that time we thought they were adequate and the Main Roads – Eddie De Vere's days – I had a lot to do with the drainage; conferences with Eddie De Vere; we even had Russ Hinze, the Main Roads (Minister) here at times and Eddie De Vere and I designed a plan whereby the Shire, the Main Roads (Department) and the growers would put in a third each for the cost of the maintaining those drains and digging new ones. We had Mr Hinze up here to see what we were doing and he thought we did a great job. Old Eddie was just marvellous.
GM: When you were about 8 years old, there was a really bad flood in this area – the 1932 flood. Do you remember it?
OA: Yes.
GM: Can you remember the impact it had on the area?
OA: I don't know about the impact on the whole area, but the flood was in February and I had a birthday I remember at that time. Yes, it is hard to remember just what impact it had on the area, but I remember my dad saying that they would have to pay extra to get the cane cut because of all the flood mud in the cane. You couldn't burn it; you could burn the trash but you couldn't burn the mud. A particular part about the flood I remember was that we had a pianola piano and the house was only on three-foot (1 metre) stumps and as the flood water rose of course you had to lift the piano, and the people from around the area used to come out and help put it on higher blocks and people sort of really supported each other.
GM: And we have had some pretty dry seasons haven't we in the last decade? How has that affected the farm?
OA: Well in this river flat area here, which is much higher than the ti-tree land, it suffered, but out in the ti-tree land it was just great, we had our best crops.
GM: Is that right?
OA: Yep, and now they tell us of course that we have got acid sulphate into some of that low lying land, so that is another problem that we have. In dry times it's really showing up now, with the acid sulphate. The roots won't feed on the acid sulphate, so you have got to have your rainfall just right. If there is not enough rainfall, the roots tend to go down into that acid sulphate. If you get too much rain, the acid sulphate tends to come up to the surface; you have just got to have the happy medium. Of course we didn't know about that early in the piece. It is only in the last few years that someone has discovered the acid sulphate.
GM: Sugar prices have been going down haven't they? How has this affected the way you do business?
OA: Yes. Well as you can imagine, 85 percent of the cane crop in Australia is sold overseas, or approximately that percentage, so if the overseas production is up, and our price is worked on the London daily price – most sales are made on those prices in London - and at the present time Brazil is flooding the market with sugar and that has a depressing control on our price. Probably the price we get this year will be the lowest price we have had for many years. I think they are talking about $250 (per ton) and that will be below the cost of production.
GM: Geez, that is a bit rugged.
OA: Yep.
GM: How have you maintained the care of your land over so many years to maintain the productivity that you have got?
OA: Well, our production is that we have one year of plant cane and four years of ratoon cane and then we have one year that nothing is grown in that land so, when I say nothing, I mean nothing of value - we would plant a green crop to put nitrogen back into the soil and give the soil a spell. So that has been our procedure over many years. My dad started with that and I followed suit.
GM: Do you use much fertiliser?
OA: Yes, nowadays our land is not deficient in super phosphate or potash, so we have only been replacing the nitrogen or applying nitrogen to grow our crop. But that is going to run out I feel, you can only do that for so long until your ground surely is going to become deficient in these other plant foods.
GM: What is the greatest challenge you face as a cane farmer? Having listened to what you have just said about water falling on your land in the form of rain, it would seem that you are really at the vagaries of the weather aren't you?
OA: We are.
GM: Is that your biggest challenge or is it something else?
OA: Well our challenge at this stage is the price of sugar – the world production – and if for any reason at all we don't have a Mill, we don't have anything. They are working on and have got plans whereby we can send some cane to Maryborough Mill, or down south to Rocky Point Mill, but then the cost of freight and then if the price of sugar doesn't increase, we will be well below the cost of production. It wouldn't pay us to farm it. Unless they can find some other use for sugar, this area here will really suffer.
GM: Where is Rocky Point?
OA: Down on the other side of Beenleigh.
GM: And you would have to bear that cost of transportation wouldn't you?
OA: We would. The Maryborough Mill would come to the party, but they can only go just so far because of the price.
GM: And they use trucks, lorries don't they?
OA: Yes. They are looking at a co-generation plant whereby they use the fibre (bagasse) from the cane to create electricity and they would sell that electricity then to the Local Authority, which providing they can get enough fibre to keep the boilers or the furnaces going, it is a good proposition. But then they have got to be sure that they are going to get this material. I think some of the sawdust from the mills up in the Maryborough area is going to help them out. But they are only talking about it - nothing is definite. The Committee (Cane Growers) have employed a couple of knowledgeable people to try and find some other use for our sugar.
GM: When you say the Committee, are you talking about the Cane Growers?
OA: Yes, the Cane Growers.
GM: The one that Ross Boyle is in?
OA: Yes.
GM: Right. If the Moreton Mill closes, what do you think you will do, you personally?
OA: Well I suppose some people might say that I should have been retired years ago, but I will keep going all the time I think. Drive a tractor – I find that you have got to do something. But the farm here at the present time, we have got 70 acres of corn planted, corn for human consumption, and of course seasonal conditions I suppose will create whether we get a profit out of that or a loss. But it is something, I think, and maybe look at some the legumes to grow. I will try and help wherever I can but I think it will be up to Rod and the grandsons to go into these things.
GM: It would seem that the ethanol situation has been kicked into touch hasn't it?
OA: It has, yes.
GM: Not that the Mill here could do much about that because talking to Mark Hooper the chief chemist, they don't have the facility to make ethanol.
OA: No, but they would be able to.
GM: They could get it in.
OA: Yes of course if they wanted to. Space is there for it.
GM: I was really disappointed that the State Government wouldn't put their hand up and say there are a lot of livelihoods here – and there is a lot of history, not that people care a lot about history until it has gone actually – but there are a lot of livelihoods here and I thought that the ethanol is a renewable resource - it surely would help the Greenhouse (Effect) I would have thought - but anyway that is why I am not the Prime Minister I guess!
OA: With that adverse publicity (on ethanol), I think the whole thing is political. Well most people would say the fuel industry say that everybody drives a motorcar and they have got to have fuel and most of our fuel comes from overseas. Why not have fuel that we can participate in and keep families on the land?
GM: That's right. As you said, you thought that would be about 1000 families or people directly affected by the closure of the Mill and they are not just the Mill workers and cane growers; we are talking about people who supply goods and services to the growers and to the people in the Mill and all that. I was looking at it while driving out towards Nambour on the Bli Bli Road and there is a big fuel farm (sic: depot) there that BP has got. Now I would say that their greatest customer would be the cane growers.
OA: Of course.
GM: Now that will close and there is another half a dozen jobs there, plus people who bring it up to that fuel farm and on and on and on.
OA: The cane is the bread and butter all right for the area.
GM: What do you think will be the greatest loss to the area if the Mill closes?
OA: I suppose the income to the area, the family farms. Part of the family would have to move out, and I suppose one of the problems is that all of the machinery that we have for growing sugar cane would all be obsolete. There would be no buyers for it if you are not going to grow cane. You couldn't use it for some other product.
GM: One question I did forget to ask you was when you are cutting and harvesting the cane, how many people are usually working on the farm at that stage?
OA: Well, with our own harvesting we have the harvester driver and two bin-out drivers. These are the drivers of the tractor that tows the bin trailers.
GM: These are the ones that they tip into the cane rail bin?
OA: Yes, well in our case we have a double bin trailer with roll-on and roll-off and they would drive the outfit against the harvester and the harvester would harvest into the bins – normal cane bins - on these trailers and then take it out to the line. There would be three men involved in the harvest on our farm.
GM: Do you own your own harvester?
OA: Yes. This year we had a contractor because my grandson who used to drive the harvester didn't want to drive it any more. He has driven it for so many years and he didn't want to do it anymore, so we decided that we had the chance of Oakes's cutting our cane. I think a year like this anyway we probably showed a loss by having a contractor in, but I suppose it is a sign of the times.
GM: I have rung different growers up to arrange interviews this week and I find that people like Vic Flatt will be off at someone else's farm giving them a hand doing this and that. Does that happen a lot? Where people go and give another farmer a hand if he is up against it because he might have been held up with wet weather or things like that?
OA: Well not so much in our area because we have got such a large area. In an emergency you would, but you wouldn't make a practice of it. We have got our own planting gear and harvesting gear and we are all occupied.
GM: Ossie, night harvesting, how often does that take place?
OA: Not very often here. They harvest into the early part of the night sometimes and they start as soon as it is daylight of a morning, but there is no actual harvest through the night unless there are times when they have a breakdown. Then they will.
GM: To try and make up time?
OA: Yes. It is not part of the program to harvest of a night.
GM: You have also worked for the Mill at some stage on the locomotives, as a fireman I guess?
OA: No just as an off-sider.
GM: You said that was a petrol/kerosene locomotive?
OA: Yes.
GM: Whereabouts did you work on that?
OA: In the Maroochy area here from the Store Bridge down here, down to Coolum or out to Valdora or up to The Rocks, up Fischer's Line.
GM: What year would you have done that?
OA: 1939. We had another steam loco as well. On the same day the steam loco would do part of the area as we would and we would alternate the areas each day. But it took the two locos to deliver the empty trucks and to pick up the full trucks in the 24 hours. We worked from 6 o'clock until 2 o'clock; and 2 o'clock to 10 o'clock - they were our shifts.
GM: You saw steam locomotives here and the transition to diesel?
OA: Yep.
GM: What has been the big impact on diesel coming in do you think? What has been the big thing that has changed that?
OA: Well they could tow more bins. They have a problem going over the range going into Nambour from Camp Flat through and they need the bigger locos to increase the number of bins they can pull through over the hill. I have seen the loco out at the Valdora area tow 174 loaded bins of cane.
GM: Yeah, geez.
OA: Yes. And that was the "Bli Bli".
GM: That was the one that went in the river? No, that was the steam loco that went in the river wasn't it? (Note: it was the diesel loco)
OA: Down off the bridge.
GM: At Perseverance.
OA: Yes. I never knew if it was the "Bli Bli", the "Coolum" or the "Maroochy".
GM: I think it was the "Bli Bli" (sic: "Maroochy").
OA: Yes, Edgar Plater was on that.
GM: The steam locos were a bit notorious weren't they for sometimes starting fires?
OA: Yes, I hadn't seen them start a fire but others had. Some times I think the loco was accused of it and probably the farmer had lit it himself.
GM: Now when you were harvesting – I am looking at a photo of one – and I notice that it is a tracked harvester. The reason you bought the tracked harvesters in?
OA: Because of the wet conditions.
GM: Is that common in this area?
OA: Yes, it is, there wouldn't be too many harvesters in the area that didn't have full tracks.
GM: That would make it a fairly expensive piece of equipment wouldn't it?
OA: Yes, it would.
GM: What would a harvester like this set you back if you were going out and buying one?
OA: About half a million today. I think we paid for the first one that we bought about $120,000; I am not sure what year that was. Of course nowadays you would tend to look for a good second-hand one from up North somewhere.
GM: And I must say in another photo you have got one here of a wheeled harvester.
OA: Yes, they can get over the ground quicker with the rubber-tyred machines and of course then we kept our old one to use for planting material because the system is still the same. We use the same billets for planting material as we do to send to the Mill. With a slight modification, it fits the bill.
GM: I am looking at a photo and that is a planter there?
OA: No that is a laser leveller.
GM: But I am also looking at a very old photograph of you on a tractor with your two boys.
OA: That was a wholestick planter.
GM: It is really important to have this land level isn't it?
OA: Oh yes.
GM: I mean if you are going to run track over it.
At this stage Ossie's wife Lurline (LA) joins the interview and sits at the table with scores of photographs.
LA: That was a big field – 255 acres. And see the drainage in the field?
GM: Yes.
OA: For the history of our drainage area, when we went out there and started to do work on the drainage, we had the Council drag line to start with and then Bob Marshall hired this machine, no this company gave it to him on trial – this excavator - and they took it out into our swamp area to try it out and the first thing that happened was it bogged! There was only about 18 inches (450 mm) of the cab showing above the ground level. It went down that deep, and it took two D6 dozers and we had to cut billets of ti-tree to put in front of the tracks so that as it turned it sort of pushed these billets down in the mud. I don't know how much material this excavator pushed down into the mud before these D6 dozers pulled him out. Bob Marshall would have a real vivid memory of that.
GM: Geez, it would have been like glue. Now I notice also that you have got some newspaper cuttings here also with Rodney winning some awards for his innovations over the years. Tell us a bit about those. You have got one here on a winch and another one here on the cameras. Is it just "necessity being the Mother of Invention" or…?
OA: Yes, it was a modification of what was already there I think. In the case of the camera (cameras mounted on the planter), the operator could see what the machine was doing; you would need Rod to explain all that.
GM: But basically it gave you a set of eyes out the back of the harvester (planter and baler) machine?
OA: Yep.
GM: Because otherwise you just can't see it, can you?
OA: No. The whole operation was being monitored at the time.
GM: And the camera relays back to the console in the cab of the harvester?
OA: In the cab, yes, of the planter.
GM: Now this one here is for a quick hitch winch.
LA: Yes. And there are floodgates and they did that too.
GM: What is the idea of floodgates, is it to stop water coming in to the farm?
OA: Yes, our drainage is only as good as the tide in through the floodgate, so that as the tide drops after a fall of rain, you depend on your floodgates to let the rainwater out into the stream and as the tide drops, the gates open and let this water out. It is the only means you have got of getting rid of the water and if we can't get rid of it quick enough we have got a flood pump that we use that does 250,000 gallons (1 megalitre) an hour, a PTO-driven pump with a 15-inch bore (400 mm).
GM: Is it (the river) salty down here?
OA: I don't know whether it is now, but it is tidal.
GM: In the dry season it would be salty wouldn't it?
OA: Yes it would. But it is tidal and all our drains out there are tidal and we have got about seven floodgates on the property.
GM: Righto, well we are just about of tape so I am going to stop our interview there and we will go through some of these photos and make a list and I would like to thank you very much for taking part in our interview today.
OA: I only hope it has helped you.
GM: Oh it has it has been great. Thank you very much.
Additional comment at end of interview:
GM: You saw a punt sink on the river, tell us about it.
OA: There was a punt with eight trucks of cane on going around the corner near Dunethin Rock and it sank completely. Evidently there was a leak in the barge somewhere and it filled with water and the driver – Eric Eggins – just managed to cut the ropes to save the boat that belonged to Percy Evans.
GM: It would have dragged it under?
OA: Yes, and eventually the "Maroochy" loco came along with wire ropes and on the Dunethin Rock side dragged the trucks of cane out onto the line and that was how they recovered their trucks. They just let the cane go down the river, but they wanted the empty trucks.


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Jean (Hans) Arp, Untitled (Collage with Squares Arranged according to the Law of Chance), 1916–17
from the MoMA Article:
Jean Arp and other Dada artists embraced chance as a tool for liberating creativity from rational thought. An account by his friend and fellow artist Hans Richter describes how Arp made "chance collages" like this one. Apparently frustrated with a drawing he had been working on for some time, Arp "[. . .] finally tore it up, and let the pieces flutter to the floor of his studio [. . . .] Some time later he happened to notice these same scraps of paper as they lay on the floor, and was struck by the pattern they formed. It had all the expressive power that he had tried in vain to achieve. How meaningful! How telling! Chance movements of his hand and of the fluttering scraps of paper had achieved what all his efforts had failed to achieve, namely expression. He accepted this challenge from chance as a decision of fate and carefully pasted the scraps down in the pattern which chance had determined.1 To remove his own artistic intervention even further, Arp sometimes used a paper cutter to cut the squares rather than tearing them by hand. While chance was undoubtedly the point of departure for this and other works in the series According to the Laws of Chance, the relatively ordered appearance of Arp's collages suggest he did not fully relinquish control.


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Since Ced was making payments to Grandpa – I'm not sure what the payments were for – I believe he included a check with this note.
Dear Dad,
In great haste.
Letter later.
This is probably the later letter,
Friday afternoon
Dear Papa,
Seems as tho' I must owe you money in order to send you a letter – nothing to prove otherwise yet, is there? I apologize again and admit you are right as to how it happened. At least I had money in the bank this time.
My plans as proposed in the last letter are somewhat upset. The income tax is 20% up to $2500, 22% up to $4500 and 26% up to $6500. this additional 4% is not as bad as I had supposed, but it looks as though I'm going to have a pretty heavy whack taken out anyway. Hope the "pay-as-you-go" plan will remove sufficient amounts so I won't have a big bill to pay in March.
Looks now as tho' I won't be home till next summer. But now can't tell it will be any day at all.
When ever it is, I might arrive there with Ginger, the new female in my life. She is brown haired, hazel eyed and sooo affectionate. Her age of course is only three months and her pedigree about like Mac's, but she is not as big as Mac and won't be. I know her mother and that is as smart a dog as I've known in spite of her definite Heinz ancestry. If Ginger is half as smart as her mama, she'll be a brilliant dog.
The ski rally is set for next Wednesday night and I'm chairman of the entertainment committee and must get to work on it right away.
Hopkins asked to be remembered to you and are fine. Nothing from Rusty lately – his address is Ester Creek, Fairbanks, Alaska.
My very best to all of you –
Tomorrow, I'll be posting the last letter I have. It is to Ced from a childhood friend, living in Brooklyn, NY.
In January, I will begin the story at the beginning with Reminiscences of Alfred Duryee Guion, starting with an introduction and his memories of growing up in Mount Vernon, New York at the end of the 19th Century. When the children start entering his life, I will add their childhood memories, which gives you a glance into the early years of these letter-writers.
Judy Guion


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Alex and Drew have you covered here with some weekly recaps on both the Royals High-A and AA affiliates.
Khalil Lee is off to a hot start hitting .387, but what if I told you he wasn't leading his team in batting average? What if I told you that a catcher was leading the Blue Rocks in batting average, and that it isn't Meibrys Viloria or Chase Vallot? That's right, Xavier Fernandez, a bit of an afterthought in the catching group in Wilmington, is slashing .389/.421/.667/1.088 with a HR and 2 doubles so far in 5 games. Fernandez saw some time behind the dish with the big league club in Spring Training, so it's obvious that the Royals have a liking towards him. He may not be the prospect that Viloria, Vallot, or Melendez are, but I can absolutely see him playing his way onto a big league roster one day. Just watching Fernandez play, he reminds me of Angels Gold Glove winning catcher Martin Maldonado. He's obviously not quite that good, but there's a lot to like about Fernandez moving forward.
Foster Griffin currently leads the team and is second in the Texas League with a 1.00 ERA. He should get two starts this week. Griffin is starting the 11:05 AM game on Monday and should start the Saturday night game at Tulsa. Zach Lovvorn will be the other guy who gets two starts this week as he matches up with former Royal Matt Strahm (sad face with a tear) Tuesday and with Tulsa Sunday.
And our first weekly top prospects report is out!
Khalil Lee and Seuly Matias both made Baseball America's Prospects Hot Sheet.
The Scoop: When Matias hits it on the sweet spot, the ball screams off his bat at high-end exit velocities. There's no doubting Matias' raw power, and when everything is in sync and on time, he looks like a monster. The key for Matias will be his pitch recognition and plate discipline. He's still a free-swinger who's vulnerable to chasing both fastballs and breaking pitches off the plate. His .686 sluggling percentage but also 17 strikeouts in 35 at-bats to start the season belie that current state. Becoming a more selective hitter will be critical for him as he faces better pitching.
Matt LaMar of Royals Review thinks the Royals should start offering out extensions.
Of course, they way baseball's salary structure is constructed, young stars are vastly underpaid according to their talents and older players who achieve free agency are usually overpaid. Though there are varying wrinkles, once a player makes the major leagues he is under team control for six full seasons. Players are capped at the major league minimum for the first three seasons. For the second three seasons, players go through a process called arbitration, and they get increasingly higher salaries in each successive year and are paid in accordance with their performance.
Asher Feltman of Minor League Ball thinks a post-hype prospect to watch is Phillies outfielder Roman Quinn.
In 407 minor league games, Quinn has swiped 173 bases. That's a stolen base almost every two games. Despite never topping 88 games in a season, he has stolen 30 or more bags in a year five times in his career, including his first three pro seasons and last in 2016, when he also made his MLB debut.
And then over at Fangraphs, Jeff Sullivan had a fascinating piece on the Brewers super-reliever, Josh Hader.
Out of a pool of 184 relievers, Hader has had the fourth-highest strike rate, and the third-lowest contact rate. The most similar relievers in these two regards are Edwin Diaz and Aroldis Chapman. Diaz and Chapman are closers, but they're also mostly one-inning relievers, while Hader is far more flexible. And just to go with one more selection of results, here are the top K-BB% marks for relievers since the middle of August, setting a minimum of 75 batters faced. Hader, for the record, has faced 116.


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Charles Cao
Charles Cao
AV Assistant
Charles is a 4th year student in combined honours math and physics. He started his journey in physics with T2K experiment on neutrino oscillations and then migrated to research in quantum field theory. He has an interest that ranges most fields of physics and is very excited to investigate their beautiful implications. He is currently working on the 'topological Casimir effect' and, more generally, its relation with dark energy. Although reputed to have been working too hard, Charles does have other interests outside academia. In particular, he enjoys playing the flute, painting, hiking, playing ultimate and badminton with friends.


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Cardi B, who recently split from Offset, appeared annoyed when he interrupted her show in Los Angeles in a bid to win her back — but that doesn't mean the "Bodak Yellow" rapper is OK with fans attacking him online.
In a video posted to Cardi's Instagram on Sunday, she thanked fans for their love and support before telling them to stop lashing out at Offset on social media.
"Violating my baby father is not gonna make me feel better 'cause at the end of the day, that's still family," Cardi said.
"Unfortunately, we going through things and it's not private," she added. "I just want things to die-down."
Fans started lashing out at the Migos rapper after he crashed his wife's set at Rolling Loud on Saturday night. As a large bouquet of flowers with the words "TAKE ME BACK CARDI" was brought out on stage, Offset walked over to Cardi and begged her to forgive him.
"I just want to tell you I'm sorry, bruh," he told her. "In person. In front of the world."
The crowd couldn't hear Cardi's response, but judging from the look on her face the 26-year-old rapper didn't seem amused by the gesture. Her fans also seemed bothered by the stunt, and took to social media to unleash their wrath on Offset.
In a second Instagram video, Cardi told fans that she doesn't know if she will get back together with Offset, but again asked her fans to respect what she's going through.
"I just don't like that bashing online thing," she said, reminding fans that earlier Saturday Pete Davidson posted an alarming message saying he "didn't want to be on this Earth" after he previously opened up about being bullied online.
"I wouldn't want my baby father to have that feeling," she continued. "I know how painful it is when you have millions of people bashing you every single day. I don't like that and it doesn't make me feel any better."
Cardi announced her split from Offset earlier this month and said they "grew out of love." The couple secretly married in September 2017 and welcomed their daughter, Kulture, in July.
In a tweet, Offset defended crashing his wife's set, writing: "All of my wrongs have been made public, i (sic) figure It's only right that my apologies are made public too."


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Things to Have On Mind When Hiring the Top Web Design Service
To run a business online you must have a web page. There are several things that you need to do on the business web page. The skilled persons are the ones who can manage to take all the roles vital in the business websites. In this case, you need to follow up and ensure that you hire a professional web design firm. There are aspects that you need to consider when you need to employ the web design firm. Analyzed on this page are the aspects that you need to ponder when looking for web design company.
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Forex - Currency Exchange - Thomas Cook India
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Satellite operator Kacific's first satellite Kacific1 was launched successfully into space aboard a SpaceX Falcon 9 rocket at 7.10pm Eastern Standard Time (UTC-5) on December 16, 2019 from the Cape Canaveral Air Force Station, Florida, USA. It was placed into its target geostationary transfer orbit 33 minutes following initial ignition.
Owned by Kacific Broadband Satellites Group (Kacific), the Boeing-built communications satellite will stream high-speed broadband to 25 nations in South East Asia and the Pacific Islands via 56 high-throughput beams.
Commenting on the launch, Christian Patouraux, Kacific founder and CEO, said: "Kacific1 is the newest and most powerful commercial satellite operating in the Asia-Pacific region, placing Kacific in an excellent position to grow alongside these markets. Its range of services, from mobile backhaul to broadband internet via VSAT terminals, will provide a catalyst for positive change in the nations it is about to serve. I'm thrilled to start seeing the social and economic impact of Kacific1."
Kacific1 will cover Indonesia, The Philippines, Timor-Leste and South Asia with 28 spot beams, while the Pacific Islands and New Zealand will be covered with a further 28 beams.
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Robert "Black Jack" Hannigan was a strong-willed Los Angeles cop who can go to any extent to solve crime, even if it means using brute force. He has a reputation that goes before him, until a priest and long-time friend was viciously murdered in mysterious circumstances right in his presence. All available evidence proves beyond reasonable doubt that Black Jack was the culprit. However, he knew he was innocent but until he is able to prove that, he will remain a fugitive on the run.
Cyberdawn captured events that occurred in a futuristic timeline; during a period of self-driven cars, humanoids, mainstream church facing extinction, and demonic creatures etc. The world having changed so much from what it used to be in virtually all facets of life.
Characters in the book include Father Malakai, Black Jack, Anya Petrova, Agent Charity, Agent Black, Hyram Yaeger, Officer Thomas, Arch Bishop O'Malley, Rebecca Winter, and Doctor Falvy etc.
At 746-page long, Cyberdawn:Beginnings is quite a voluminous book, but to its credit, there were no fluff instead it's fast paced and highly entertaining. This is a thrilling book that will keep you on the edge as you turn its seemingly endless pages!
BIO: A full-time author and ghostwriter, Southern California native Mark Anthony Tierno has written over 30 of his own novels, including the 13-book Maldene series and the 5-book Cyberdawn series. He holds a Master's Degree in Physics, which often plays well in his creation of other worlds. He is a master of creating alien and fantastical worlds, such as that of the Cyberdawn series as well as both his Maldene and Inspector Flaatphut series. He has this one problem with writing, though: he can't stop!


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See What It Means To Be Part Of The Body Of Christ
6-Session Study by Dr. Thom Rainer
Connected: My Life in the Church Leader Kit by Dr. Thom S. Rainer provides a biblical understanding of what it means to be a part of the body of Christ through a study of the Book of Ephesians. This study moves us to see that God has placed us in our local churches to serve others, care for them, pray together, learn together, and grow together–all for the glory of God. This group Bible study is a great companion or follow-up to Dr. Rainer's I Am A Church Member.
Perfect for a Church Campaign
You'll find helpful tools in each title's Leader Kit.
- Promotional video, presentation slides, banner ads, and posters
- Video: One for each session featuring the author providing biblical insight
- Leader guide: Expands on the commentary you get in the Bible Study Book
- PLUS- Free online sermon outlines: Two sets for each session. One uses the same Scripture passage as the session. The other expands on the theme but uses different Scripture passages.
App for Bible Study Book
Gives you all the content of the Bible Study Book‒ plus a whole lot more‒right at your fingertips. Available in the iTunes or Google Play App Store; search "Bible Studies for Life."
View in iTunes or View in Google Play
View All Bible Studies for Life Small Group Studies
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Your Gift - About You - Payment - Thank You
Auburn University's Southeastern Raptor Center provides rehabilitation and care to birds of prey, and serves as an education facility about raptors. The eagles that fly before Auburn football games are housed at the center and cared for by its skilled staff. The Southeastern Raptor Center depends on public support to continue its mission. Please give today.


text: Tomorrow marks the beginning of Fortnite's Halloween event. Players will get to experience the biggest and creepiest patch ever added to the game. The patch is bringing content for both Save the World and Battle Royal mode allowing players to experience a spooky time no matter which mode they play. \n \nHalloween is the time where games bust out the greatest in spooky events possible. Many fans remember the zombie event done by Fortnite and how massively successful it was. With the release of the 1.8 patch notes and still many things to be discovered, this year's event is looking to be the spookiest and greatest Halloween celebration of them all. \n \nhttps:\/\/twitter.com\/FortniteGame\/status\/1188847894750646274 \n \nIn non-Halloween related notes, the leaderboards have finally been added to the game. You can view your rank against other players and friends in three distinct categories. This season will also be giving every player a chance to level-up their character and earn unique rewards and banner flairs for the seasons. \n \nAs with every event, a whole new array of outfits, gliders, and pickaxes are in the item shop for purchase. You can customize your appearance and choose your banner in the Locker, so be sure to select some new cosmetics for your collection. \n \nOn the housekeeping side, the game's performance was improved with a reduced input latency from the PlayStation 4 and Xbox One. The controls should feel more responsive, and the cap for 30FPS on PlayStation 4 and the PlayStation 4 Pro has been re-enabled, proving a smooth experience. \n \nThe main meat of this patch is the added Halloween skins and newly implemented store. The "Slurp Juice" has been added as a regeneration potion that grants one health and one shield per second for 25 seconds. You will also now auto-pickup ammo, building resources, and traps resulting in a heightened quality of life. \n \nNew graphics are now visible to players caught outside the Storm safe zone, and the walls themselves have been updated. If you are a player that enjoys combat, the new "Combat Pro" controller config has been added to aid in keeping your thumbs on the sticks as much as possible. This should allow for fast weapon swaps and quick building without sacrificing combat prowess. \n \nThere are already pictures of pumpkin skinned guns circulating the web, and the infamous Jack-O-Launcher might be making a return. This truly is turning into one of the spookiest Fortnite events to date and should be a blast for any and all players involved.


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Please join us in congratulating Xavier Gratacos and Michael Tsairis on their graduation from Miami Dade College. Michael Tsairis is currently our Conservation Horticulture Fellow and Xavier Gratacos was a former Conservation Horticulture Fellow, and is now Assistant Curator at Montgomery Botanical Center.
Mr. Tsairis now holds an Associate in Arts in Landscape Architecture with a Horticulture Specialist Certificate. He is now pursuing a B.S. in Botany and Business. Mr. Gratacos received his Associate in Science in Landscape and Horticulture Technology. Congratulations to our newest colleagues in the field of horticulture!