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A man who raped women to "teach them a lesson" for being out at night was jailed indefinitely yesterday.
Read more » telegraph.co.uk
A man who raped women to "teach them a lesson" for being out at night was jailed indefinitely yesterday.
Read more » telegraph.co.uk
Eating at public place in Ramazan Police beat up 2 persons
By: Ikram Junaidi
ISLAMABAD, July 28: The capital police beat up two persons at Daman-i-Koh for having 'soft drinks' during the time of fasting. The incident was reported to Inspector General of Police (IGP) who has assured to take action against the officials, Dawn has learnt.
The victim Anwar Abbas, while talking to Dawn said that on Friday at around 2pm he went to Daman-i-Koh along with his friend Malik Saeed and was having soft drink in his car.
Mr Abbas said: "I was not fasting and knowing that it would be ethically incorrect to have drink in front of people so I chose a place where no one was present.
"In the meantime, a police constable came and said taking drinks during fasting is a violation of Ramazan Act and a serious crime," he said adding he told him (constable) that he was not fasting and taking drinks at an isolated place where no one was present. "I also told him that it was not their job to stop anyone from eating during the time of fasting but constable insisted that he has to implement the teachings of Islam," he said.
"The constable called two other police officials and they took us to the nearby police post," he said adding "at the check post heated arguments ensued and they removed their belts and started beating us."
Continue reading In Islamabad you don't need the Taliban to beat you up for sipping a soft drink during Ramadan. The cops will do it.
By Pervez Hoodbhoy
Zero attention was paid to recent news which, in many a country, would justifiably have been cause for panic. But in Memogate obsessed Pakistan no military or civilian ruler — or any normally loquacious TV anchor — has yet commented upon the Annual Status of Education Report (ASER). Released one week ago, this damning indictment of Pakistan's schools shows how badly the country is failing to teach children even the most elementary of skills. For a country with a huge youth bulge and a population growing out of control, the consequences are fearsome.
Continue reading The PTI [Imran Khan's] false promises won't help
ISLAMABAD: Text books in Pakistani schools foster prejudice and intolerance of Hindus and other religious minorities, while most teachers view non-Muslims as "enemies of Islam," ….
Read more » DAWN.COM
By Raza Rumi
Due to the 18th Amendment, a momentous shift in Pakistan's governance arrangements is taking place through a politically mediated and largely consensual manner. The federal government is being trimmed and 10 ministries have already been devolved to the provinces. A key development pertains to the devolution of education — lock, stock and barrel — to the provinces. Most notably, the odious era of setting poisonous, centralised curricula in the name of a 'martial' nationalism is finally over. Whether the past practices of turning Pakistan into a jihad project will end is uncertain, unless the provinces take the initiative and reverse the regrettable trajectory of the past.
Pakistani textbooks have preached falsehoods, hatred and bigotry. They have constructed most non-Muslims, especially Hindus, as evil and primordial enemies, glorified military dictatorships and omitted references to our great betrayal of the Bengali brothers and sisters who were the founders and owners of the Pakistan movement. It is time to correct these wrongs. ….
Read more : The Express Tribune


text:
There are two variants of adding a new element to your design:
To add a new element:
This way allows adding a new element by using the navigation buttons of Components tree.
To add a new element of the same nesting level as the currently selected one - click the button .
To add a new element of the lower nesting level to the currently selected one (to nest an element) - click .
There is the only way to delete an existing element. It consists in the following:
Select an element you wish to delete in the Components tree;
From the top bar of the Components tree click the button;
After clicking the button a confirm window will appear;
In the confirm window click OK to confirm the operation or Cancel to cancel it.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
In stock.
- Activity Sheet will be emailed separately with the purchase of this patch.
-If you have an open order and you'd like to add these to that order we can edit the order - Keep in mind patches will ship when everything is in stock, just send me an email or message. email@example.com


text:
Get Started Planning A Winter Sledding Party
Well, it is winter, and that means snow! You may just find that Ol Man Winter soon pays a visit if he hasn't already done so. A great way to celebrate a wintery birthday would be a sledding party. We all know the absolute thrill of taking our sleds down the hill over and over again. One never tires of it! This is a budget-friendly party idea and will take very little time to plan; all you really need is for Mother Nature to cooperate.
If sledding is the party theme for you, keep these tips in mind when planning your sledding party outing:
- Try to have your destination hill be close to a center or enclosure so that kids and parents (if they stay) can take refuge from the cold, and also so you can set up some snacks and treats for the guests.
- Make sure the party hill is spacious and away from anything dangerous like water, utility poles, or roads.
- Request that guests come with their own sleds so you are not meant to supply everyone with equipment.
- You may want to bring extra clothing items in case someone forgets their mittens, or if you have to replace water-soaked socks. Kid's lip balm and a first aid kit would also be appropriate to have on hand. If you are only outdoors with no indoor facility nearby, make sure to bring some blankets along as well.
- In your birthday party invitation, be sure to ask the guests to dress appropriately. You could even make it a contest, like, "Who can stay warmest the longest?"
- Your sledding party menu can be very simple. Make sure to have hot cocoa on hand. Beyond that, bite-sized donuts, cookies, or a batch of brownies would do as an additional afternoon treat.
- If you are planning on serving lunch, you will definitely want to do this either at your home or in a nearby venue.
- Menu ideas for this cold party would include some hot food like sloppy joes, French fries, a pot of chili or favorite soup with warm bread, toasted marshmallows, or cheese fondue served with veggies and bread.
- The sledding activity will keep everyone busy the full length of the party.
- Make sure to supervise the kids well so they are not sledding head first, are keeping a safe distance from one another when sledding, and are walking back up the hill on the side of the hill rather than the middle where kids are sure to be sledding.
- One fun game: time the kids as they race down the hill to see who rides the fastest. Let them compete again and again.
- Make an edible glacier for dessert: Make a 6 oz. package of blueberry flavored gelatin following the package directions. Pour it into a pan and put it in the refrigerator until it is solid (several hours). Crush about 1/2 package of chocolate wafers or chocolate sandwich cookies. Mix the crushed cookies with one container of Cool Whip, and spread the mixture over the set gelatin.
Happy Sledding!
(Visited 1,442 times, 1 visits today)


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Bil's rating (out of 5): BB
USA/United Kingdom, 2015. Cross Creek Pictures, RatPac-Dune Entertainment, Le Grisbi Productions, Head Gear Films, Vendian Entertainment. Screenplay by Mark Mallouk, Jez Butterworth, based on the book by Dick Lehr, Gerard O'Neill. Cinematography by Masanobu Takayanagi. Produced by Scott Cooper, John Lesher, Patrick McCormick, Brian Oliver, Tyler Thompson. Music by Junkie XL. Production Design by Stefania Cella. Costume Design by Kasia Walicka-Maimone. Film Editing by David Rosenbloom.
Combining a true-life crime figure who was larger than life with the tradition of charismatic mob dramas that have been coming from the Warner Bros logo for decades should have provided for another Long Good Friday, something residing comfortably between gritty drama and the sexy mythologizing that these films have been thrilling audiences with since the days of Cagney or Edward G. Robinson. Instead, laughable Boston accents and bad makeup turn the last years of James 'Whitey' Bulger's reign of Boston's crime-infested south side into a joke.
Johnny Depp, in ill-fitting wig and the contact lenses he must have used in Alice In Wonderland, plays the amoral gangster who makes sure every kid on the streets of his hood has access to his drugs, while his brother (Benedict Cumberbatch, who couldn't be more miscast if it was Maggie Smith in the role) is a state senator who in this film reacts to his brother like he's always struggling to get him to school on time.
Joel Edgerton plays a Federal agent who has known Bulger since childhood and cooks up the scheme to convince his superiors that he will turn the man into an informant to help take down a mafia family; what they don't know is that Bulger is actually participating as a way to get the Italians off his turf.
History has well recorded what went down, which is why it is odd that this film offers no insights beyond headline bullet points, with just a few added dramatic scenes highlighting the put-upon women who are forced to share a world with these bland characters.
Dakota Johnson is talented enough to come out of the situation unscathed, and Julianne Nicholson has some good moments being intimidated by Depp, but the rest of it is just a strange mess that never finds its centre.
Screen Actors Guild Award Nomination: Best Actor (Johnny Depp)
Toronto International Film Festival: 2015


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Smoothie with a bit of granola crunch
After a workout or just anytime really, this combination is a winner!
I love the Daily Harvest Smoothies. Chose your flavors online and Daily Harvest will mail you these preportioned cups full of the ingredients listed on the side, all measured and frozen and ready to blend. Just pour the pre-measured frozen ingredients into your blender, add the liquid of your choice (coconut water, juice, almond milk etc) and blend. Easy and fast and delicious. I pour mine into a bowl and top with a bit of Hammer & Tuffy's Granola for crunch. Satisfying and delicious!!


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Muscle March just came out on WiiWare just a couple of weeks ago, and what do you do after one game filled with muscle bound men comes out? You start looking forward to the next. And while Cho Aniki 0 has nothing to do with Muscle March, they both have super buff almost naked men in it.
Aksys game is promoting Cho Aniki 0 with a music video created out of stills of art, but either way it doesn't keep them from animating one of the buff men shaking their butt at the camera.
You can download these manly muscles to your PSP via the PSN this February.


text:
01 Aug 2018 03:16
Ensure your network connection is secure. Most residences and workplaces offer a secure network connection, but public Wi-Fi can be hacked, and your passwords, billing information and sensitive private information can be exposed. If you do not see https" in the URL, then the web site you're browsing is not a secure one particular. If using a public connection, limit yourself to browsing and price tag comparing, rather than acquiring. If you need to have to make your purchase utilizing a mobile device, use your carrier's information network rather than a Wi-Fi connection. Acquire computer software that will assist you install a purchasing cart on your web site. You will be able to customize your cart and add attributes as needed when your business grows. The price of shopping cart application ranges from about $65 to far more than $200.Dealing with the economic fallout of buying addiction can be stressful alongside the emotional problems that arise with overcoming your habit. Due to the fact anxiety is a widespread trigger for relapse, a credit counselor may be an crucial resource. Spend wise. Use a service such as PayPal to pay for your purchases (and adjust your password regularly). Ignore all unsolicited emails from the retailer, your bank and PayPal, as there is a lot of fraud targeting these internet sites.Before entering a credit card payment or any confidential info make certain that the site in your browser address bar turns green or begins with HTTPS and not HTTP. This is an indicator that your session is secure and that the web site is utilizing encryption to protect your private information. This protocol is known as SSL—Secure Socket Layer—encryption and it protects on-line transactions by maintaining information in transit confidential by way of encryption. In other words, your information is not visible to hackers.What do other folks think? If you have not purchased from a internet site before, do a swift online search of the name of the web site with the word scam" or review" following it e.g. search for Bill's Unbelievable Bike Retailer scam review". If they've ripped off others, there is a excellent likelihood you will see warnings from disgruntled customers.Use an antivirus extension on your browser. For added security on the Web, you can download an antivirus extension to verify the security of a website or block pop-up ads with viruses or malicious content material. If you liked this post and you would like to get more facts regarding try these guys kindly go to our web page. Bear in mind to try these Guys download only from a genuine source, like the Chrome webstore, to make sure that the extension is protected.Lastly, when shopping on the internet, consider employing antimalware computer software. Bank of America clients have totally free access to IBM's Trusteer Rapport , which makes it much more tough for thieves to steal your password and blocks malicious application.Satisfactory: That is, of a high quality that could reasonably be anticipated from the details available at the time of obtain and the item value. Have clear links from all the diverse internet sites to your actual retailer exactly where consumers can acquire the goods you have highlighted on social media.Cotte stated there is also a psychological aspect to buying throughout bad economic occasions, as spending and providing gifts can, at least temporarily, lift men and women out of depression. If you buy a discontinued item in store, at a garage sale, or at a flea marketplace, be certain to verify that the product is nonetheless sealed.Debit cards also supply buyers fraud protection, but in basic, employing 1 for Try These guys on-line purchasing may possibly open you up to a lot more dangers. That's since fraudulent debit card charges could temporarily drain your money. Bank of America debit card customers are protected by a $ Liability Guarantee. Back in the not-as well-distant previous, folks in search of gifts have been required to shower, dress and brave cold winds and irritated fellow shoppers to choose holiday gifts. The purchase-nearby movement: Buyers are buying close to property, searching for locally created goods and conscious that getting Canadian-made could be a far better ethical and environmental option. There are, even so, some pitfalls with purchasing on the web, but if you know how to protect your self, you can just sit back and take pleasure in the knowledge. Right here are some protected on the web purchasing tips.Get identity theft protection by way of your credit card company or a separate service. This can aid catch some identity theft try these guys attempts by notifying you of leaked data or suspicious purchases. Count on to spend a small bit a lot more for some of your groceries. Determine regardless of whether the premium on your grocery items is worth the convenience of ordering them on the web and obtaining them delivered to your door.Shop late. On sale days, some stores are hunting to clear out all items on sale, and will provide deeper discounts just before closing. Check your credit card statement every single time you receive it, and make sure there are no unauthorized charges. It is best for shoppers who are not loyal to 1 supermarket as they can order from the least expensive option. The internet site also suggests products that could be swapped for a decrease priced option, generally by switching to an personal-brand solution.
Comments: 0
page revision: 0, last edited: 01 Aug 2018 03:16


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Family Birthing Center - Labor and Delivery
If you live in or around Lake County, you don't have to travel far for expert childbirth services. Lake Health offers luxurious Family Birthing Centers at TriPoint and West medical centers. Choosing where to have your baby is a key decision. The closer to home, the better for you when your labor begins — and afterward, for your family and friends.
Lake West Family Birthing Center
Lake West Medical Center
36000 Euclid Avenue, 5th Floor
Willoughby, OH 44094
TriPoint Family Birthing Center
TriPoint Medical Center
7590 Auburn Road
Concord Township, OH 44077


text:
Defence Research and Development Organisation, DRDO has given the Multi Tasking Staff recruitment notification. Candidates who are interested in the post can visit the official site of DRDO at drdo.gov.in and apply for it. The registration process was started on December 13, 2023 . The last date to apply for the post is January 23, 2023.
DRDO will end the registration process of DRDO CEPTAM 2023 on January 23, 2023, for DRDO MTS Posts Recruitment. Candidates may for 1817 Multi Tasking Staff posts visit the official site of DRDO at drdo.gov.in. Candidates can check how to apply for MTS posts online through these simple steps given below.
The number of vacancies may increase or decrease depending upon the requirement. Candidates can check eligibility, selection process, application fees and other details here.
DRDO MTS Posts Recruitment: Defence Research & Development Organisation (DRDO), Ministry Of Defence, Government Of India given an Advertisement No.: DRDO Entry Test: 2019-20/MTS for Recruitment Of 1817 Vacancies for the Multi Tasking Staff (MTS) Cadre under Centre for Personnel Talent Management (CEPTAM)
Eligibility Criteria:
Educational Qualification & Age Limit: Candidates should be Class 10 pass or equivalent from a recognised Board or Industrial Training Institute, ITI pass. Candidates must have acquired the EQR as on crucial date of eligibility for the posts they are applying. The age limit to apply for the post should be between 18 to 25 years of age as on January 23.
Pay Scale: The pay scale is pay matrix Level-1 (Rs 18000-56900) as per 7th CPC Pay Matrix and other benefits/allowances as per extant Govt. of India rules.
Application Fee: Candidates who want to apply for the post should pay Rs 100/- as application fees. The fee should be paid online through credit card/ debit card/ net banking. For more related details candidates can check the official site of DRDO.
How to apply DRDO CEPTAM 2023 MTS Posts:
DRDO invites online applications from the desirous & eligible candidates to fill up the vacant posts of Multi Tasking Staff (MTS), General Central Service Group 'C', Non-Gazetted, Ministerial post.
- Visit the official site of DRDO at drdo.gov.in.
- Click on DRDO CEPTAM 2023 link available on the home page.
- A new page will open where candidates will have to login to the account.
- Fill in the application form and upload the necessary documents.
- Make the payment of fees and click on submit.
- Your application will be submitted.
- Download the application form for further need.
Links of DRDO CEPTAM Recruitment:
Selection Process:
The selection process consists of Tier I (Screening) and Tier-II (Final Selection). Tier-I and Tier-II will be conducted in the Computer Based Test (CBT) mode. The exam duration is 90 minutes and the medium of examination will be English and Hindi. Candidates can check for more related details on the official site of DRDO.
Important Dates:
- Opening date of application: December 23
- Closing date of application: January 23
Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) is working under the Ministry of Defence, Government of India and is responsible for Research & Development of state-of-the-art battlefields systems required by Nation's forces viz. Army, Navy & Air Force. It has more than 60 laboratories spread over country which are working in diversified research areas across the spectrum of science.


text: The city of Solingen is known for its excellent, high-quality steel, which is stainless, robust and durable. That's why Dahle uses Solingen steel to manufacture the blades of many of its scissors. Their ground blades stay sharp for a long time, ensuring precise cuts, while their ergonomic, high-quality plastic handles make them comfortable to work with. Choose from a range of models for use in the office or at home. We have the right scissors for every purpose and any user, made with high-quality steel from Solingen.


text:
Today we are talking to Michael Pearl, the COO of Kirobo.
Kirobo claims to be the "safety net for DeFi". Their goal is apparently to make crypto management as "safe and convenient" as online banking.
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text:
Fernando (4.17)
(Benny Andersson/Stig Anderson/Björn Ulvaeus)
Lead vocal: Frida.
Recording commenced 3 September 1975.
Previously recorded in Swedish by Frida.
Later recorded in German by Lena Andersson.
Excerpt later used in ABBA-dabba doo!! Medley.
Later an instrumental version.
Later remixed for television performance in West Germany.
Later extract used as part of medley Ett urval av vĺra rättigheter.
Later edited for compilation LP in Australia.
Later edited for compilation CD in Brazil.
Excerpt later used in Megamedley.
Excerpt later used in ABBA Remix.
Later rerecorded with new lyrics for National Electronics advertising campaign for Australia.
Later recorded in Spanish.
Later sung by Björn and Benny.
Later sung by Frida.
Later recorded for the movie Mamma Mia! Here We Go Again.
First released as a single A side March 1976 (April 1976 in Sweden).
Also included on later pressings of the LP ABBA Greatest Hits in 1976.
Currently available on the CDs Arrival, ABBA Gold - Greatest Hits, Thank You For The Music, ABBA Master Series, Classic ABBA - The Universal Masters Collection, The Best Of ABBA - The Millennium Collection, SOS - The Best Of ABBA, The Definitive Collection, The Ultimate Collection, Todo ABBA - sus grandes exitos, 30th Anniversary Original Album Box, 18 Hits - Svenska Popklassiker, 18 Hits, The Complete Studio Recordings, La Nostra Storia - 20 Grandi Successi, Chronicles - 3 Classic Albums, Arrival Deluxe Edition, Number Ones, The Albums, ABBA Gold - Complete Edition, 2 for 1: ABBA + Arrival, Icon, ABBA Collected, The Essential Collection, ABBA Gold - Greatest Hits 40th Anniversary Edition and the DVDs The Definitive Collection, ABBA Gold - Greatest Hits, Number Ones, ABBA in Japan, The Essential Collection.
BACK | HOME | MAIL | Disclaimer
This site uses frames. If you came directly to this page from an external link, welcome to ABBA Omnibus. Please click here to go to the home page.


text:
Indian cities set to get smarter, more efficient
After promising to build 100 new cities in its manifesto, the Centre has now whittled down its ambitious plan and will now focus on making existing cities smarter.
After promising to build 100 new cities in its manifesto, the Centre has now whittled down its ambitious plan and will now focus on making existing cities smarter.
The government will do this by introducing technology-based interventions in the management of the cities.
According to sources, this is one of PM Narendra Modi's pet projects and is being closely monitored by the PMO. The union urban development (UD) ministry is readying the blueprint of the proposal, which will replace the Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban Renewal Mission (JNNURM), said the sources. The ministry initially proposed to launch the smart cities project in phases.
In phase I, big cities would be targeted where the government proposed to use information technology as a tool for solving urban problems and creating an efficient governance mechanism.
"Some of the bigger cities have already introduced technology-based interventions like intelligent traffic systems or online systems for getting death/birth certificates. In the first phase, we want to bring these interventions used by different cities on one common platform," said an official. Initially, the government will concentrate on 468 cities where 74% of India's urban population lives.
UD ministry officials have been told to take inspiration from a similar smart city project — Gujarat International Finance Tec-City (GIFT) — coming up in Gujarat.
"Nothing has been finalised as yet. We are still grappling with issues related to its implementation and funding pattern — to what extent public private partnership would be used, whether centre and states would jointly fund the project or states would have to garner their own resources," said the official.
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text:
Welcome to our resource for MG Car Information.
MG MGB GT V8 Factory Originals Technical - MG 2006 - Announcement
|MG 2006 A Driving Experience in the Smokies
Rick Ingram Executive Director, North American Council of MG Registers
Its that time again! The all MG Register meet is just around the corner! MG2006 is almost here!
Built on the solid footing of MG International Indy 96 and the sturdy foundation of MG 2001 An MG Odyssey, this gathering of MG enthusiasts and their cars will be making Gatlinburg, Tennessee the place to be from June 21st through the 25th of this year for A Driving Experience in the Smokies!.
The North American Council of MG Registers (made up of representatives of the MMM Register, the NEMGTR, the NAMGAR, the NAMGBR, and the AMGCR) sponsors this meet once every five years. This conclave of the sportscar that America loved first provides an opportunity to see a multitude of examples of the marque that are rarely assembled together on one show field!
There will be many special guests at MG2006, and the Council welcomes Don Hayter, Chief Design Engineer of the MGB; Ken Costello, father of the MGB V8; and Roger Williams, MG author and enthusiast to this event.
NAMGAR has also arranged for some very significant MGAs to be in Gatlinburg, among them being EX182; a 1957 Sebring racer; 1961 and 1962 Sebring Coupes; UMO93 (the Works Twin Cam); the Olthoff Twincam; and the 100,000th MGA built (and featured at the New York Auto Show of 1962). The gauntlet has also been thrown and a challenge made between the MMM and NEMGT Registers to bring out any and all Airline Coupes!
The East Tennessee MG Drivers Club has been assisting the Council in the planning of the weeks activities and will be making many recommendations of self-guided tours to areas such as Clingmans Dome, Cades Cove, the Tail of the Dragon, and other exhilarating drives for you to enjoy during your stay in Gatlinburg. Tech sessions and meet-n-greets will be held on Thursday and Saturday. A welcome BBQ is being held on Wednesday night and Register night will be on Friday and will give you a chance to mingle and meet members and officers of your specific MG Register. The car show/display is happening on Friday at nearby on Cosby. This is a popular vote car show with each Register having specific classes for their respective model of MG. Additionally, NAMGBR will have Concours judging for cars that fall within their guidelines. Photo, model, and craft competition will also be held, as will Valve Cover racing.
Registration for MG2006 is done online. You can register for the event, order regalia, reserve banquet tickets, and find your hotel room all from the convenience of your computer! You can add items and/or change orders through the website as well.
MG2006 is another event that enthusiasts will be talking about long after the last MG has left Gatlinburg. Dont be left out! I encourage you to visit http://www.mg2006.com and register for this meet today!
|rick ingram
|Rick, what are the rules for valve cover racing?
|Bill Guzman
I just sent you a file.
THe rules *should* be posted on the website sometime this week (if they haven't already been done so!)
|rick ingram
this is adirect challenge from North to South for the valve cover racing title. The Shock & Awe team is still undefeated. I thought it was interesting at our 1st race in St.Luois in the final race we were up against a beautiful cover made by the owner of a factory V8. Maybe the conversion guys are a little more inovative? We cleaned his clock. And it once again proves "fancy wheels don't make it fast" The rules are simple,but you have to push them to the edge. See you in Tenn
|R Milner
|That was a V8 valve cover, V6 valve covers could be faster.
The rules read: MG valve covers, I do not have any. But if my MG has a V6 with valve covers that read MG on them, then this type of valve covers would be ok?
Robert, which route are you taking?
|Bill Guzman
|Now, Bill....that is stretching the rules somewhat. MG valve cover means just that. Valve cover manufactured for an MG power plant.
Most are of the MG midget or MGB variety...I've seen a couple of MGC VCRacers.
Robert, I wish you luck, buddy. You are THE team to go after! Heard the rumour about the "impound lot" aka NASCAR races?!
:-) rick
|rick ingram
|"that is stretching the rules somewhat. MG valve cover means just that. Valve cover manufactured for an MG power plant. "
Oh? I guess those cast aluminum MGB/GT V8 valve covers are legal, then. ;)
|Carl Floyd
|re: Oh? I guess those cast aluminum MGB/GT V8 valve covers are legal, then. ;)
Yes, I would *assume* that they would be...but I'm not one of the "officials".
If it came from the Abingdon manufacturing facility as an MG cover...(or in this case was available as an aftermarket upgrade)...I would *think* that it would be within the guidelines.
Buick 215, Ford 302, the V6 covers, etc...fall outside of the scope.....in my opinion.
|rick ingram
actually my V.C. is from a 4 cyl. can you believe that ? But it's still the fastest. it's off of a TD.I'll send you one off a 1800, I'll never use it, if you want me to.
I'll email you direct about Tenn.
|R Milner
|As an additional challenge to Team Shock and Awe, we'll be running the Valve Cover Racing on the Tail of the Dragon.
(Just kidding.....)
|rick ingram
This thread was discussed between 05/03/2006 and 12/03/2006
MG MGB GT V8 Factory Originals Technical index
This thread is from the archive. The Live MG MGB GT V8 Factory Originals Technical BBS is active now.


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{ Pick My Brain! is fixed price service tailored to early stage startups, gender wage gap adjusted for female founders. }
E-commerce business is on fire, yet still only catching on. Gilt Groupe, members only daily deals on luxury items, just raised $35 Million in funding, at the same time tripling its revenue to $450 Million. Woot, another daily deal service, was acquired by Amazon for $110 Million, and Groupon, everybody's favourite daily deal service to clone, has already started shopping its clones with its new $135 Million funding in the bank. Little unexpected, where there's a market opportunity with a low barrier to entry to grow from zero to $1 Billion in 18 months, clones become inevitable.
Europe is up next to become a battlefield over online shoppers. German CityDeal was acquired just a month ago by Groupon, LivingSocial, another US daily deal service, announced to expand to United Kingdom, and even the Japanese want their piece of the cake. Rakuten, the largest e-commerce site in Japan, acquired the French e-commerce site PriceMinister for admirable €200 Million.
Rakuten is to give a tough run to Finnish high burn rate e-commerce startup Fruugo, who keeps cutting down its losses, aiming to stay in the game to create the all in one European online marketplace.
Groupon Update July 14th: Groupon (previously CityDeal) is as of today closing down with immediate effect four of its five Sweden offices. The staff was informed on a short notice, and are now being let go with only a small remaining operational team left in Stockholm. The decision comes only two weeks after its competitor LivingSocial announced its expansion into UK market, as opening in 25 new cities in the US. It's apparent that Groupon is restructuring in order to slim down the high level of fixed costs it's been know to run its European operations. Groupon hasn't made any official announcement yet, but other Swedish group buying sites are already being contacted by its now former employees. The future of both Stockholm and Denmark office remains uncertain. If I were you, I'd check back in two weeks.
Let's Deal, The Brightest Shining Swedish Groupon Clone
The gold rush of group buying, social shopping and daily deals has also finally arrived to Sweden. The brightest shining star of the Swedish Groupon clones is Let's Deal, a three months old Gothenburg startup, who just celebrated having saved the first SEK 1 Million ($133 000) to its customers. That is slightly more than Groupon reported ($100 000) to have sold during its first three months in Chicago.
Let's Deal works exactly like Groupon, offering 40-70% discounts on restaurants, cafés, spas, beauty salons and events. It's currently operating in two major cities Gothenburg and Stockholm, targeting few cities at a time, while building up a strong sales team to help retailers offer appealing deals. Tip: If you're thinking of firing up your own Groupon clone, you should first watch this interview of Andrew Mason, founder and CEO of Groupon, on This Week In Startups. Just sayin'.
Buy Together and Gruppi are two other Swedish newcomer clones of Groupon, but for the moment, Let's Deal holds the lead by executing better on both engaging its Facebook audience, as rewarding new customer recruiting. It also does best explaining the payment process to make the customer feel secure how the credit card information is being handled.
I recently met with co-founders Lars Karlsson (CTO) and Alexander Hars (CEO) at TechCrunch Nordic Copenhagen / Nordic Meetup. Lars and Alexander have their core competence in building and having exited on B2B software product, which also comes handy when targeting the consumer web. Having been deputy CTO myself, I love to take the pulse on a startup team by first chatting with the CTO, since having techies in the core founding team is crucial. Thankfully, I had a long and good talk with Lars 🙂
Swedish B2C E-Commerce Including E-Commerce Tips And Tricks
The Swedish B2C E-Commerce is showing steady growth. In 2009, 63% of the Swedes purchased goods or services online, a 20% growth from the previous year. 82% of the Swedes in ages 25-34 purchased online in 2009. The annual Swedish B2C e-commerce was estimated up to SEK 53,9 Billion (approx. $717 M) in 2009, with travel, event tickets, and clothes or sporting goods as the top three categories. (Source: E-handelstrender)
The road is long for Let's Deal, though, and the one who offers the most attractive deals wins in this game. While Groupon has a waiting list of hundreds of businesses while banking money, Swedish retailers and small business owners are only being introduced to the phenomena and power of group buying as a marketing channel, and a new form of local advertising.
When it comes to social buying and daily deals in general, I can't wait to see how Twitter's new @earlybird is to stir up the overall competition.
Read more about the Swedish and Nordic E-commerce Market Trends and Startups, including E-commerce Tips and Tricks.
Contact me to help get started or grow your e-commerce business.
Paula is Digital Product Advisor and Top 100 Women in Tech in Europe, focusing on Product, Go-to-market, and Internationalization strategies. Rated as one of the very best startup mentors in Europe, she has to date mentored over 150 digital technology companies on product, marketing and growth. Pick My Brain! is her fixed price service tailored to early stage startups, gender wage gap adjusted for female founders. Contact Paula for digital strategy work or book her as keynote speaker about #Startups #WomenInTech #GenderEquality #Entrepreneurship. Read more about her work and connect @Twitter, @LinkedIn. "You never learn anything when you speak, only when you listen" – Roelof Botha / Douglas Leone, Sequoia Capital


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How rock pores in deep repositories close over
Chemical reactions will change the nature of the deep repository and the surrounding rock (clay rock); that much is certain. But to what extent and with what impact on safety? Researchers from the Paul Scherrer Institute are looking to answer this question with the aid of a combination of experiments and computer simulations.
In Switzerland, radioactive waste from nuclear power plants, research facilities, hospitals and other sources has to be disposed of in deep geological repositories in accordance with the nuclear energy law. The waste – be it low or medium-active, as is the case from research, or highly active like fuel elements used in nuclear power plants – is supposed to be enclosed safely in these deep repositories for 100,000 to 1,000,000 years, which should prevent radionuclides from entering the biosphere at concentrations above the permitted limit via the groundwater. Consequently, it is important to understand which geochemical and physical processes take place in a deep repository to enable us to make reliable predictions regarding their safety over such long periods of time.
Following nature's lead
Chemical reactions will change the nature of the deep repository and the surrounding rock (clay rock); that much is certain. But to what extent and with what impact on safety?
Researchers from the Paul Scherrer Institute are looking to answer this question with the aid of a combination of experiments and computer simulations. Compared to experiments the calculations have one major advantage: they include both extremely short and extremely long periods of time, which enables very slow processes to be studied that are not accessible in experiments in a rock laboratory.
Apart from the simulations, the researchers also rely on so-called natural analogues, by which the experts mean naturally occurring geological environments where similar processes to those in a deep repository take place. Moreover, these natural analogues often provide a valuable insight into the future, i.e. the probable development of a deep repository.
One such natural analogue is located in Maqarin in Northern Jordan, near the Syrian border. There, combustion processes have been initiated in the highly bituminous rocks, the exact causes of which are still unknown. The heat released from those processes has transformed the local calciferous rock into cement-like rock formations. Rainwater then seeped through the rocks, leached the cement, escaped through cracks and came into contact with the surrounding clay rock. Due to its high pH level, cement is highly alkaline while clay rock is almost pH-neutral. As clay is thus practically an acid compared to cement, a neutralising chemical reaction took place after mixing between the "lye water" and the clay rock.
Minerals seal the pores
A similar acid-alkali reaction also takes place in a deep geological repository for low-active waste. "Acidic" clay rock and alkaline water from the cement covering the shaft walls and caverns of the deep repository also come into contact with each other. Although researchers are aware that cement and clay rock neutralise each other in the process, the reaction mostly takes place extremely slowly.
In Maqarin, scientists have observed that minerals such as calcite and ettringite are formed in the course of the neutralising reactions and cause the pores in the clay rock to close up almost completely at a distance of a few millimetres from the contact. The time it takes for the pores to close up is still unclear. However, it seems that it won't take longer than a few centuries, as computer simulations conducted by the PSI researchers Georg Kosakowski and Urs Berner suggest. In other words, this would mean that the acid-alkali reaction makes the deep repository safer within a relatively short space of time as pores are sealed, making it more difficult for radionuclides to escape.
A milestone in understanding deep repositories
The PSI researchers regard the fact that the observations from Maqarin's "natural lab" agree well with the results of their computer simulations as a major milestone on the path towards understanding deep repositories better. The good correlation with the data measured is a proof of their calculation model, in which they investigated the complexity of the geochemical reactions combined with details of the water transport (mainly diffusion) in the rock mathematically.
Text: Leonid Leiva


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Beta-caryophyllene, sometimes written as β-caryophyllene or just caryophyllene, is one of the most common terpenes found in cannabis, especially in cannabis extracts that use heat for decarboxylation.
To jog your memory — terpenes are fragrant oils found in plants (not just cannabis) that produce a unique taste and smell.
Beta-caryophyllene is a very unique terpene -- it was one of the first cannabis-derived compounds (after THC, CBD, and CBN) that was shown to work directly with the endocannabinoid system. Because of this, it's sometimes classified as an atypical cannabinoid as well as a terpene and will selectively bind to CB2 receptors in the body, which can primarily be found in the immune system.
However, unlike the cannabinoids THC, CBD and CBN, which are only found in cannabis, beta-caryophyllene is often referred to as the "dietary cannabinoid" since it is also commonly found in food such as black pepper.
In plants, beta-caryophyllene may help prevent herbivorous insects from eating the plant, while also attracting specifics bugs to eat such insects. Commercially, beta-caryophyllene is often used to add both fragrance and flavour to food products, perfumes and skin care products.
Beta-caryophyllene adds a peppery, spicy, woody aroma to cannabis. Aside from cannabis, beta-caryophyllene is also found in black pepper, cloves and balsam.
Currently, there is not much research that has investigated the effects of consuming cannabis with high levels of beta-caryophyllene, however there have been some studies, conducted on mice and rats, that explored the effectiveness of beta-caryophyllene in the treatment of medical conditions.
It's important to note that cannabis sold on OCS.ca and through authorized retail stores is meant for recreational purposes only. If you want to learn more about any reported medicinal effects of cannabis, please speak to your doctor.
Research on cannabis and its related effects is ongoing and over time, more information on terpenes such as limonene will become widely available. It's important to balance any perceived positive effects associated with limonene with the reported negative effects of cannabis consumption.
The bottom line: there just isn't enough research to link the amount of beta-caryophyllene in a strain to any specific effects. However, you can use a strain's terpene profile to choose your favourite aroma or taste.


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Brief introduction of french fries production line:
The french fries production line is mainly used to make potato chips and othe fried snack food.The french fries production line is made up of cleaning and peeling machine,cutting machine,blanching machine,dewatering machine,frying machine,deoiling machine,seasoning machine and packing machine.You also can add elevators to potato chips making line to make your work easier .
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Copyright © 2017 - 2022Pasta Drinking Straws Making Machine Manufacture All Rights Reserved


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Saint Louis University Laboratory High School (2012 Doors to Diplomacy Project ID 7266)
We estimate 4 student(s) from 14 to 15 will work on this entry.
Description of Our Team: "Floyd R., 14 - A small guy with big dreams. He is a member of Young Men's Christian Association – Kaitagi Judo Club, a duly organized Judo club in Baguio City. He has joined and won numerous awards in Judo competitions. His persevering attitude as an athlete enabled our group to continue working despite difficulties.
Anika P., 14 – A young lady who is fond of reading novels that lets her widen her imagination and vocabulary skills that she applied in composing the contents of this site.
Kyle D., 15- a girl who is fund in playing the Violin and a good dancer. Her creativity was exemplified in building a website.
Nikolai A., 15- a girl who enjoys dancing and playing the piano. Aside from these skills, she also enjoys cooking that's why she became the main proponent of the concepts of the website. "
Project Description: "Filipinos are people who are fun of parties. Even simple occasions are celebrated luxuriously. Filipinos are known to be hospitable and because of this characteristic, the guests during these celebrations are not only limited to those whom the hosts personally invited but extends to the friends and acquaintances of the guests. Whenever this situation happens, it enables more people to meet and socialize. Aside from socializing, the dishes served during gatherings are the highlights. For a Filipino celebration, numerous dishes are being served and most often, these are not our local and distinct Filipino dishes. This observation prompted our group to create a website to convey that Filipino dishes have many reasons to be liked and be patronized not only by Filipinos but by other Nationalities. To name some, our featured dishes are easy – to – prepare, nutritious affordable and can be eaten by various groups. "The way to a man's heart is through his stomach", a famous quotation of Robert Byrne which means that if we like to be friends with others, one way is by providing him with food that he will appreciate; hopefully, our website can help others find a suited dish for people who are close to his/her heart or to those whom he/she wants her heart to be close to. This website aims to provide the viewers relevant data of several Filipino dishes that we are proud of. Each dish will be provided with a time tested recipe and a step – by – step video tutorial so that the viewers will not only see the pictures of the dishes but they will be able to try cooking, enjoy eating and hopefully learn to love and appreciate the dishes. Since our site will be open and will be available to all, we hope that even non – Filipinos will be able to view it and try the dishes that are featured in our site. "
Project Narrative is awaiting moderator approval... check back later


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The link to register is at the bottom of the page. To answer possible questions and to prevent misunderstandings, please read the following information before registering.
Registration for the Oregon Rivalry Relay is a 4-step process. It is highly recommended you have financial commitments from your teammates before registering.
Step 1 - Registration is online. You do not need to have a complete team - only the captain's contact information is required to register a team. Just follow the instructions and enter your team name, password, select your team's category, and your contact information.
Step 2 - Select your Volunteer Option (important to understand before registering). If you choose the "Non-Profit Volunteers" option, payment is not made when you register; a separate invoice will be emailed to you as it is a tax-deductible donation to Volunteers With a Purpose, Inc. All teams are required to choose one of the two options.
Step 3 - Select Payment Option. Payment is made online through PayPal/Credit Card or by check (payment by check is disabled the last 10 days of a registration period and for late registration). If you select the PayPal/Credit Card option, you pay immediately. If you select the pay by check option, you will receive an email with instructions for mailing in a check. Your one check must be received within seven (7) days or your registration will be deleted. Registration is not complete until payment is received.
Step 4 - Database - Once payment is received, you will receive a confirmation by email and you can log into the database and enter your runners and volunteers. OR your runners and volunteers can enter their information by clicking on the Add runner/volunteer button. Each team member must have a valid email address as communications to participants and volunteers is via email. The database closes two weeks before race day - any additions or changes to your team's runners after the database closes must be submitted via a Substitution Form and has a $10/form fee. There is no fee for volunteer changes.
You are able to edit all your team's information except for your Team Name and your Volunteer Option - those changes need to be emailed to the race director.
IMPORTANT - We keep track of you through your team name, so in all correspondence with Timberline Events, please include the event you are doing and your team name. Thanks!


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This summer I've finished digitizing the main bulk of comparative data from László Honti's Geschichte des obugrischen Vokalismus der ersten Silbe (1982): his 724 Proto-Ob-Ugric reconstructions and their descendants in the individual Mansi and Khanty varieties. Before making this available in any form though, I'm planning on eventually cross-checking at least a few other key sources. For one, there are Steinitz' DEWOS, Kannisto's recently released Vogulisches Wörterbuch, and some other materials for additional dialect coverage; for two, there are UEW and similar sources covering inherited vocabulary that has only been retained in one of Mansi and Khanty; for three, I will be also adding the data Honti includes but considers uncertain (this part already underway). [1] A potential fourth extension could be the known loanwords of Komi / Turkic / Tungusic / older Russian origin, at least whenever attested in both Mansi and Khanty: they should be able to offer substantial evidence for constraining speculation on historical phonology.
However, even at this stage, the data can be assumed to contain a substantial part of the inherited lexicon of Mansi and Khanty. So I have taken the opportunity to do some preliminary comparative analysis.
One interesting underresearched topic is second-syllable vocalism, which actually includes even the basic groundwork within Mansi or Khanty. This might have importance for Uralic comparison in general, since our current understanding of Proto-Uralic word stem types comes mostly by extrapolation from Finnic and Samic. Although the basic division into *A-stems (~ *a-stems & *ä-stems) and *ə-stems (~ *e-stems or *i-stems) finds some substantial confirmation from Mordvinic and Samoyedic, it fares substantially more poorly with Mari, and within Permic and Ugric, there is not too much direct evidence to work with second-syllable vowel contrasts at all the first place. Attempting to reconstruct other second-syllable contrasts from conditional vowel developments in the first syllable is theoretically possible (I believe Zhivlov (2014) is still the most recent example of this), but this carries often a risk of circular logic, and if low on data, may also run into accidental correspondences between unrelated phenomena.
There is regardless some direct evidence of second-syllable vocalism in Ugric. Looking in the rest of this post at Khanty in particular: the Khanty evidence has been explored in the 60s in some aspects by Gerhard Ganschow and Gert Sauer, [2] but mostly the topic has gone without detailed research. Steinitz' Geschichte des ostjakischen Vokalismus (1950) does not treat the subject and only focuses on the first-syllable system.
A few overview notes on unstressed syllables, without detailed analysis of the data, are given by Sauer in Die Nominalbildung im Ostjakischen (1967) and Honti in Chrestomathia Ostiacica (1984). These outline a division into five stem categories:
- Basic consonant stems (the most common).
- *A-stems, with an open full vowel (*ää, *aa). Decently preserved in inlaut (verb roots, CVCAC and other longer stem types), but in absolute auslaut in the nominative of noun roots, the vowel is widely reduced and possibly lost entirely.
- *I-stems, with a close full vowel (*ii, *ïï). Preserved somewhat more widely, again better in inlaut than in auslaut.
- A third vocalic stem type, yielding *I-stems in Eastern Khanty but *A-stems in Western Khanty.
- *əɣ-stems: these behave as ordinary consonant stems in EKh, but vocalize in WKh to merge with the *I-stems.
This certainly covers most of the bases. A close look at the comparative data, however, suggests that this picture should be probably modified and perhaps also expanded.
The *I-stems, reinterpreted
I would propose as an initial adjustment that the *I-stems are to be reinterpreted as a part of the consonant stems: as *əj-stems. This is indirectly suggested by the absense of stems of the shape *CVCəj from the Proto-Khanty lexicon, even though *CVj is well-attested (e.g. *ɬöj 'pus', *pooj 'ice crust', *saaj 'goldeneye') and examples of *CVjəC occur too (*kaajəm 'ash', *waajəɣ 'animal'). Direct support is provided by at least *ńooɣïï 'meat', *sooɣïï 'clay', cognate to Mansi *ńaawľ, *suwľ respectively. Instead of parallel suffixation, these can be analyzed as reflecting the typical sound correspondence Mansi *ľ ~ Khanty *j (< PU *ď; the intermediates are not obvious, but that question is irrelevant for now). Dating *-əj > *-I as a proto-Khanty innovation does not seem to be possible either, since in verb stems, Southern Khanty still retains /-əj-/: e.g. 'to break', Far Eastern (Vakh-Vasyugan) /aarïï-/ ~ Southern /oorəj-/. (And see below for some related considerations concerning the *əɣ-stems.)
This also accounts for a minor typological paradox. Why is second-syllable *-I better retained than *-A in the Khanty dialects, even though we would expect a close vowel to be more readily subject to reduction? A promising answer would be that the vocalization *-əj > *-I, despite being reflected in all Khanty varieties, is more recent than the partial reduction of *-A in some varieties. Sound changes *ej > /iij/ ~ /ij/, *je > /jii/~ /ji/ are also well-known in Northern Khanty, [3] and I suspect this is additionally a part of the same wave of vowel coloring, in these varieties further generalized to the first syllable. This would date *-əj > *-I as at minimum more recent than the Southern / Northern split.
I have seen the sound change *-əj > *-I mentioned in various works already (Sauer, Honti, Helimski…), but not anyone willing to bite the bullet and note that this can be taken as the definitive original source of this stem type.
Also, one secondary sound change. It appears that in Obdorsk Khanty, word-final *-I > /-aa/ after /x/: *ńalkïï > /ńalxaa/ 'Siberian fir'; *ńooɣïï > */ńoxaa/ 'meat'. This appears related to loss of vowel harmony. In NKh, first-syllable *ïï > *ee before velars instead of > *ii elsewhere, and I suspect something similar is involved here. I would assume first *-kïï > *-xïï > *-xëë, then *-ëë lowers to /-aa/ instead of backness neutralization to **-ee.
This would then seem to show that yes, Western Khanty too (or at least Obdorsk Khanty) has gone through a vowel-harmonic stage with *-ii ~ *-ïï, instead of directly vocalizing *-əj to front *-ii everywhere.
The *Aj-stems
Reconstructing *əj-stems also sheds light on the fourth stem category in the outline above. I would side with Honti in reconstructing these as *Aj-stems. Southern Khanty provides clear evidence in favor: e.g. /xašŋääj/ 'ant' ~ Far Eastern /koočŋïï/. Sauer considers /j/ in SKh to be instead epenthetic, generalized from inflected forms where a vowel-initial suffix followed, but we can again appeal to comparative evidence from Mansi, where we find e.g. Northern /xooswoj/. I would add that with correct relative chronology, the development *-Aj > *-I in EKh drops right out of the other attested sound laws, with no need to posit any additional changes particular to this stem category: start with the reduction *A > *ə, follow up with *-əj > *-I.
The origin of the *Aj-stems also appears to be clarifiable. Words such as 'ant' point in the direction that they often originate in compounds. I believe that in many cases, their second member is likely the root seen in Ms *wuuj 'animal', though found independently in Khanty only in the suffixed form *waajəɣ. Some other *AAj-stems in Khanty that seem to have this origin include: *jeetərɣääj 'black grouse'; *kaaməɭkaaj 'water beetle' (maybe with a first component akin to *koomɭəŋ 'bubble'); #karŋaaj 'woodpecker' (and thus, contra Honti, not segment-for-segment identifiable with Hungarian harkály); #wuurŋaaj 'crow'.
Many of these words also show irregular vacillation between medial *-ŋ- and *-ɣ-. My hypothesis is that this might be a trace of the PU genitive suffix *-n, and e.g. what I write as approximate #karŋaaj (Obdorsk metathesized /xaŋraa/; Konda spirantized /xaxrääj/; Surgut /kajaarŋïï/ and Far Eastern /kajərkïï/, maybe by metathesis and dissimilation: < *kaɣərKəj < *karɣəKaaj?) should be thus reconstructed as something like #karkə-n_waaj > #karɣəŋɣaaj, reflecting an original genitive attribute construction: 'animal of the beak', or something to that effect.
Compound origin would additionally explain also the complete absense of *Aj-stems among verbs.
It's also possible I am late to the scene here. I've seen references to a 2003 paper by Anna Widmer "Zur Geschichte des obugrischen Tiersuffixes", [4] and it sounds like this covers this same topic, but I do not (currently) have access to it.
The *əɣ-stems
Among the *əɣ-stems, an interesting complementary distribution appears that I have not seen remarked on before. Many sources note that the reflexation in Northern Khanty in nouns is somewhat inconsistent: in some cases we find Kazym /-i/, Obdorsk /-ii/, the same as in *I-stems; but, in others, we find Kazym and Obdorsk zero. (Southern Khanty and the "transitional" Nizyam dialect have consistently /-ə/ in both cases.) Verbs also only show the development to *-I-.
This split distribution seems to be conditioned by the preceding consonant: *-əɣ > *-I appears after obstruents, *-əɣ > ∅ after sonorants. Some examples of the former:
- 'owl': Vakh /jewəɣ/ ~ Kazym /jipi/
- 'Khanty': Vakh /kantəɣ/ ~ Kazym /xanti/
- 'birch bark': Vakh /tontəɣ/ ~ Kazym /tonti/
- 'barbel': Vakh /mööɣtəɣ/ ~ Kazym /meewti/
- 'duck': Vakh /wääsəɣ/ ~ Kazym /waasi/
- 'knife': Vakh /kööčəɣ/ ~ Kazym /keeši/
- 'pine': Vakh /ɔɔɳčəɣ/ ~ Kazym /wooɳši/
And some examples of the latter:
- 'song': Vakh /äärəɣ/ ~ Kazym /aar/
- 'roach': Vakh /läärəɣ/ ~ Kazym /ɬaar/
- 'crane': Vakh /taarəɣ/ ~ Kazym /tɔɔr/
- 'bowl': Vakh /ääɳəɣ/ ~ Kazym /aaɳ/
- 'lightweight': Jugan /köńəɣ/ ~ Kazym /keeɳ/
- 'bog': Vakh /kɔ̈ɔ̈ɭəɣ/ ~ Kazym /kaaɭ/
- 'animal': Vakh /waajəɣ/ ~ Kazym /wɔɔj/
There is only one example involving Proto-Khanty *L (a cover symbol representing both *ɬ and *l, which are medially neutralized everywhere). [5] It appears to align with the sonorants:
- 'rope': Nizyam /keetə/ ~ Kazym /keeɬ/
Inconveniently, here *-L- continues PU *-d-. It is therefore not possible to clearly tell if we are dealing with Proto-Khanty *-l- or *-ɬ-, since both paths of development have been suggested. In principle, though, this example would support a claim that the development was in fact first to *-l- (a sonorant), as also in Permic / Mansi / Hungarian.
I am not sure how the split development here should be interpreted phonetically, either. The core motivation seems to be a general cross-linguistic one at least: sonorant codas are more licensable than obstruent codas. But at least secondary loss of /-i/ after sonorants is ruled out, since in genuine Proto-Khanty *I-stems (*əj-stems) this remains. Examples are not numerous (by far most occur following /r/), but they exist:
- 'riverbed': Vakh /uurïï/ ~ Kazym /woori/, Nizyam /uurə/
- 'sturgeon': Vakh /köörii/ ~ Kazym /kari/, Nizyam /karə/
- 'scab': Vakh /kaľïï/ ~ Kazym /xaɬ´i/, Nizyam /xaťə/
This thus ends up further supporting my above-suggested chronology, where *-əj > *-ij > /-i/ took place only after the separation of Northern Khanty: the *-əɣ > ∅ group likely never went through an *-əj-stage. In other words, whatever the exact split development here was, it would have predated the common (but not Proto-!) Western Khanty shift *-əɣ > *-əj.
Maybe this could even be equated with the development of post-tonic ("non-stem") *ɣ to /j/ in Obdorsk Khanty under certain conditions (e.g. 'father': EKh /jeɣ/, Nizyam /jiɣ/, Kazym /jiw/ ~ Obdorsk /jiij/; 'power': Vakh /wööɣ/, Nizyam & Kazym /weew/ ~ Obdorsk /weej/). This would then require rather early separation between Obdorsk and the other NKh dialects though, perhaps early enough to invalidate the concept of "Northern Khanty" as a genetic group altogether, and turning it into merely an areal subset of Western Khanty varieties.
I would not take this last corollary as a huge problem though, since I actually suspect the same already on other grounds as well… For just two examples:
- The word for 'grass'. Far Eastern and Obdorsk have /paam/, while the other dialects have reflexes pointing to *pɔɔm. This surely involves an irregular ("non-provably regular"?) labialization between two bilabial consonants; [6] and yet this labialization cuts across the conventionally accepted grouping of the Khanty dialects.
- The treatment of supposed Proto-Khanty *ɔ̈ɔ̈ and *öö. These yield in some contexts /oo/ in Obdorsk, but *ää and *ee respectively in the rest of Western Khanty. Yet, the elimination of front rounded vowels is pan-WKh, and e.g. Honti and Steinitz claim it as indeed proto-WKh. [7] But if so, we have to route Obdorsk /oo/ differently. I wonder if another early shunt will work: if, following Helimski etc. we reconstruct lax open *ä, *a instead of *ee, *öö, *oo, then it will be possible to re-route "*öö > /oo/" as *ä > *a > /oo/, involving a pre-Obdorsk conditional retraction of *ä to *a in some environments.
— For some reason, nearly all words of the *-əɣ > ∅ group also involve Proto-Khanty low *aa, *ää, or mid *ee, *öö, *oo (= *ä, *a?). Perhaps there is also something more going on in here. This is also suggested by one example with a close vowel, where in Northern Khanty we find metathesis instead, viz. 'eight': Vakh /ńïïləɣ/ etc. ~ Nizyam /ńiwtə/, Kazym /ńiwəɬ/, Obdorsk /ńiijəl/ (< virtual PNKh *ńiiɣəɬ).
I also wonder how the changes *-əɣ > *-əj > *-I would interact with another innovation common to all of Khanty: the cluster contraction *-jt- > *-ć- (often involving the PU verbalizing suffix *-ta-, e.g. in *uj-ta- > PKh *ɔɔć- 'to swim'). The more economical approach — that *-jt- > *-ć- was Proto-Khanty while *-əj > *-I was post-PKh — would however predict that we should find cases where an *I-stem noun or intransitive verb has a corresponding intransitive or transitive verb (respectively) ending in *-əć-. Offhand I cannot locate any such cases, however. But maybe this type of derivation was morphotactically impossible in the pre-PKh period? For comparison, in Finnic *-i < pre-PF *-j is a common suffix of deminutive nouns, and *-i- < *-j- is a common suffix for iterative verbs, but these generally do not form further verbal derivatives: any corresponding verbs are instead formed from the underived root.
At least one word also suggests the possibility of *əj > *-I being earlier than the contraction to *-ć-: 'to split', Vasyugan /ɭaaŋkïït-/ ~ SKh /laaŋxət/ ~ Kazym /ɭooŋkit-/, where we would seem to have PKh *ɭaaŋkəjt-. However, this could also be a later derivative, formed after *-jt- > *-ć- had ceased to operate.
There also seems to be a lack of PKh words ending in coronal + *-I, that is, earlier *-təj, *-səj, *-nəj, *-Ləj. (There are a few examples with a /Ct/ consonant cluster though, e.g. *aŋtïï < *aŋtəj 'horn'; *maartïï < *maartəj 'mythical land of birds'.) Maybe this indicates a parallel palatalization, and pre-Khanty *-Cəj or *-CjV resulted in a stem-final palatal instead of an *I-stem. Stems of the shape CVĆ are not very common in the current dataset either, though. But maybe any examples of this simply have not been connected with their equivalents in Mansi or elsewhere in Uralic yet?
Retaking inventory
Since it turns out that close second-syllable vowels in Khanty are secondary, from the Proto-Khanty perspective I should be probably talking about vocalizable stems, not "vowel stems". This then suggests that a sixth category should be also distinguished: PKh *Aɣ-stems. These would then fill up a neat 2×3 system:
- vowel stems: *-A(C), *-Aj, *-Aɣ
- consonant stems: *-∅/-əC, *-əj, *-əɣ
A few words ending in *-Aɣ are indeed reconstructed by Honti, and they indeed also show distinctive development of their own. A representative example would be the adverb *koɳčaaɣ 'on back': Far Eastern /koɳčaaɣ/, Surgut /koɳɣïï/, Southern /xončää/, Nizyam & Kazym /xonšaa/, Obdorsk /xonsaa/. So we have here:
- loss/vocalization of *-ɣ in WKh, versus its retention in EKh (same as in *əɣ-stems);
- retention of *-A in not just EKh but also WKh, presumably protected by the earlier word-final consonant (partially same as in *Aj-stems);
- a strange development to /-ɣïï/ in Surgut, perhaps through metathesis (*-aaɣ > *-ïïɣ > *-ɣïï)?
Kind of paralleling *Aj-stems being mainly animal names, all of Honti's examples seem to be adverbs. The other two are *koomtaaɣ 'overhead', *pertääɣ 'back'. I would add to this group also *maakaaɣ 'previous', which he reconstructs as *maakaaj, despite SKh /maxaa/ and not ˣ/maxääj/.
The *A-stems
Moving onto the main bulk of *A-stems, these may also need to be analyzed as partially secondary. This, however, requires taking a few steps back to look at the wider context.
While the modern Khanty varieties and also most reconstructions of Proto-Khanty abound in consonant stems of the shape CVC, CVCC or CVCəC, it is clear that this is an innovation, and that in Proto-Uralic the dominant root structure was bisyllabic *CV(C)CV. It is also clear that the transition towards consonant stems across a wide central area among the Uralic languages has taken place mostly as areal drift, not as a diagnostic subgroup innovation. Marginal languages of this type, such as Estonian, Nenets and Skolt Sami, still remain at a "thematic inflection" stage, showing consonantal nominative singular forms but vocalic inflectional stems. A good example would be Estonian nom.sg. silm : gen.sg. silm-a 'eye', where the latter form is at least from a historical point of view better viewed as silma-∅ (and thus structurally identical to Finnish silmä-n). Verbal roots, which generally cannot stand alone, also generally retain original second-syllable vocalism. And due to the lucky fact that the largest clear subgroups of Uralic all occur near the edges (Finnic, Samic, Samoyedic), in all of these cases we will be able to compare these languages with close relatives that remain at a firmly vowel-stem-centric inflection type (e.g. Votic, Inari Sami, Nganasan, respectively).
A transitional stage, one of several possible, is represented by Hungarian, where nouns retain a trace of thematic inflection (nom.sg. hal : plural hal-a-k 'fish'; but nom.sg. dal : pl. dal-o-k 'song'). However, in adjectives and verbs, presumable earlier lexically determined stem vocalism has been levelled entirely, and in most word forms second-syllable vocalism is now better analyzed as morphologically determined. Constantly vocalic stems have also been reintroduced among nouns, primarily in loanwords (e.g. balta : baltá-k 'axe', from Turkic), but also in derivatives (e.g. apa 'father', where -a has been interpreted as a fossilized possessive suffix).
Sauer's old work proposes that *A-stems would be a retention from Proto-Uralic in one environment specifically: stem-finally in nominals, as suggested by a few equations like PU *neljä > PKh *ńeLää '4'. This would imply that elsewhere they aren't retentions. The PKh situation as currently reconstructed therefore seems to derive from something close to the Hungarian situation, where original stem vowels have first been almost always phonetically reduced or analogically reshuffled away; then new ones are introduced.
Loanwords can of course fill in new second-syllable vowels, e.g. EKh /aarkaan/ 'thick rope', from Turkic; *ajaa > EKh /ajaa/ ~ /ajə/, WKh /aj/ ~ /oj/ 'luck', from Tungusic. In native vocabulary though, the most natural source for new second-syllable vowels are original third-syllable vowels. Given the original trochaic stress pattern of Proto-Uralic (as still continued in Samic, Finnic, partly Hungarian and Samoyedic), foot-final vowels would be expected to be the first ones to fall. After this, earlier 3rd-syllable vowels will move one syllable forward, becoming new unreduced 2nd-syllable vowels.
In at least some of the examples I've discussed above, 2nd syllable *-A clearly derives from an original 3rd syllable. *koomtaaɣ 'overhead', for example, is probably a derivative of PU *kuma- 'overturned', i.e. descends from pseudo-PU *kuma-takV. The entire animal name group also falls under this.
Now, the crucial question is — at what point in the history of Khanty was the distinction between "primary" 2nd syllable vowels, retained since PU, and "secondary" 2nd < 3rd syllable vowels lost for good? I think there's reason to think that this, too, was post-Proto-Khanty.
Relatively poor retention of absolute final *-A is maybe best attributed to specifically word-final reduction/loss. The numeral '4' for example, does not surface with a final full vowel anywhere: the reflexes are Far Eastern /ńelə/, Surgut /ńeɬə/, SKh /ńetə/, Nizyam /ńitə/, Kazym /ńaɬ/, Obdorsk /ńiil/. In many other cases, only the Vasyugan dialect delivers: e.g. *paraa 'raft' > Vy. /paraa/, Vakh, Surgut & Demyanka (SKh) /parə/, Obdorsk & most SKh /par/, Nizyam & Kazym /por/.
(It's unclear at least to me what's up with the loss of *-A in SKh and Nizyam in 'raft', versus its retention as /ə/ in '4'. Both patterns have further examples; retention is more common. I'm not sure if I would want to utilize a "primary/secondary" distinction just for these.)
A bigger problem though is that "primary" *-A is mostly lost also in verbs, even though in these the vowel would have been always protected by an inflectional ending. For example *kalaa- 'to die' yields Far Eastern /kalaa-/, Surgut /kaɬ-/, SKh & Nizyam /xat-/, Kazym /xaɬ-/, Obdorsk /xal-/. This is in clear contrast to "secondary" *-A in words such as 'height': VVy /peläät/, Tremjugan (Surgut) /peɬiit/ (?), Nizyam /pataat/, Kazym /paɬaat/, Obdorsk /päläät/ — which, again, clearly comes from a longer proto-form, being a derivative from PU *pidə > PKh *peL 'tall' (and probably further cognate to also e.g. Fi. pituus : pituude- 'length', allowing a PU reconstruction #pidə-(w)Otə).
There seems to be some evidence for a "primary/secondary" distinction to be found in *-AC nominals, too. A good example might be *raɣaam 'relative' > Vakh /raɣaam/, but Tremjugan /raɣəm/, WKh /raxəm/; derived from a base verb 'to approach, be near' — only attested in WKh, and it could be from PKh *raɣaa- rather than simply *raɣ-.
Even if Proto-Khanty had a contrast between two types of *A-stems, trying to reconstruct this in the original 2nd syllable / 3rd syllable fashion seems like the wrong approach, though. In cases like 'height', this would lead to awkward vowel-cluster reconstructions such as **peLəäät. In cases like 'overhead', nothing would immediately stand out typologically in reconstructing **koomətaaɣ, but this still has at least one undesirable consequence: we can no longer treat *ə as a purely epenthetic vowel in PKh, inserted to resolve consonant clusters (reconstructions like *waajəɣ 'animal' are in fact better taken as phonologically */waajɣ/), and at least some cases would have to be assumed underlying.
I have another hypothesis in mind: the distinction may have been prosodic. 3rd syllable vowels in PU would have originally born secondary stress, and this might have been retained in some form even after the loss of a preceding 2nd syllable. It's not clear if an outright iambic stress pattern should be assumed though (*peˈLäät), or if something like a monosyllabic initial stress group followed by secondary stress will suffice (*ˈpeL|ˌäät). In principle it would be also possible to leverage the tenseness distinction, well-attested in initial syllables: *peLäät with tense *-ää, versus *ńeLä with lax *ä? For now, I will notate this distinction as *-À ("primary", "unstressed"; individually *-a, *-ä) versus *-Á ("secondary", "stressed"; individually *-aa, *-ää). Regardless of the phonetic specifics, later on *-À would have been generally reduced (*raɣam > /raɣəm/), while *-Á would have remained (*peLäät > /peLäät/).
The stress hypothesis finds some amount of direct confirmation as well: cases of fully iambic second-syllable stress have been reported at least from Eastern Khanty (Far Eastern /peˈläät/, Surgut /peˈɬäät/).
Stress in EKh does not appear to be a direct archaism, however. Per all descriptions I have seen, the attested distribution is purely phonological: stress is primarily initial, except when the 1st syllable contains a lax vowel and the 2nd syllable a tense one. This also rakes in cases of "unstressed" *-À; e.g. Far Eastern /kaˈlaa-/ 'to die'. This seems like another point in favor of some kind of a more subtle distinction in PKh. I would suppose that in varieties of EKh, *-À was early on partly tensed to merge with *-Á, and could have actually acquired stress only later. Wherever this change failed to take place (including in all varieties of WKh), *-À was then reduced/lost.
In summary
Altogether, I propose the following general chronology for the development of second-syllable vocalism in the Khanty varieties:
- The partial merger of *-À and *-Á in Eastern Khanty (with variable conditions); including *-Áj > *-Àj.
- The reduction of remaining *-À across all of Khanty; loss of *-əɣ in Kazym and Obdorsk after sonorants.
- *-əɣ > *-əj across all of Western Khanty.
- *-əj > /-I/ across all of Khanty (with variable conditions); in parallel, *-Aj > /-A/ in Northern Khanty.
All of these changes are very heavily areal, and do not seem to define any substantial genetic subgroups. The main divisions of Eastern Khanty, the Far Eastern and Surgut groups, would have to be assumed to have split already before step 1 (*kala- > *kalaa- vs. *kal-); the Nizyam / Kazym / Obdorsk dialects of Northern Khanty, already before step 2 (*äärəɣ > *äärəɣ vs. *äär). The split of Nizyam and Southern Khanty could be in principle delayed until step 4 (making Nizyam a "Northernized Southern" rather than a "Southernized Northern" dialect after all), but this seems like a poor idea, even if for now I cannot refute it explicitly.
Areality seems to be further proven by how most parts of this scheme have parallels also in Mansi (e.g. *-əɣ > Northern and Pelymka (Western) Mansi /-iɣ/, Eastern and rest of Western Mansi /-i/; *-A > EMs, WMs -∅). But a detailed look into this will be a task for later.
Further implications
So what can we do with this?
The above analysis leads to at least one more general interesting corollary for Khanty historical phonology. If PKh *À-stems were in the early common Khanty period reduced en masse — then this opens the possibility that several cases could have been lost entirely from the data. Already Sauer notes that all inherited word-final cases of PKh *A-stems seem to occur either following the PKh lax vowels (*e *ö *o *a), or the traditionally reconstructed tense mid ones (*ee *öö *oo). Other cases could have existed as well … we may just be currently unable to directly distinguish them from consonant stems.
There may be, however, indirect evidence to draw such distinctions. The notorious Khanty "ablaut" system (which I am afraid I cannot explain in detail in this post) has for a while now been explained as being instead a partly morphologized system of former umlaut. [8] Per this hypothesis, alternations like EKh (*)ɬɔɔj 'finger' ~ (*)ɬuuj 'thimble' would continue something like earlier *ɬɔɔj(A) ~ *ɬuuj-(i), either with i-umlaut of *ɔɔ to *uu in the derivative 'thimble'; or a-umlaut of *uu to *ɔɔ in the base root 'finger'. I am more inclined to side with the latter (Honti's view) than with the former (Helimski's). If close/open ablaut in Khanty is fundamentally based on a-umlaut, the assumed umlaut trigger could be then identified as *-À, and we could then amend 'finger' to PKh *ɬɔɔja instead. This in turn also accords fairly well with the PU reconstruction: *suwd₂a (with Samic *čuvðē, Samoyedic *təjå clearly indicating an original *A-stem). By contrast, Helimski's assumed *I-stems seem to be nowhere supported by actual data: they are simply circularly inserted into proto-forms where a close-grade vowel eventually surfaces.
Perhaps even un-umlauted *ɬuuja is a possibility for PKh. Vowel alternation in many cases occurs only in EKh, not WKh, and I would not dismiss offhand the possibility that this reflects unstressed vowel isoglosses in early common Khanty. In this case we indeed find WKh *ɬuuj (SKh /tüüj/, Kazym /ɬuj/, etc.) and not *ɬɔɔj > **ɬooj. Instead of assuming levelling from 'thimble', or from possessed forms (Vakh /luujəm/ 'my finger'), maybe no umlaut took place here to begin with, and the discrepancy between EKh *ɬɔɔj ~ WKh *ɬuuj goes back to already earlier *ɬuuja ~ *ɬuuj(ə), with some kind of an early conditional loss of *-À in WKh.
Some other cases of "umlaut" might turn out to be illusory entirely. I am on board with the "Helimski school" reanalysis of "Steinitz school" PKh *ee, *öö, *oo as lax open vowels, and PKh *e, *ö, *o as lax close vowels (though I would be content to keep on using the symbols *e, *ö, *o for the latter). However, the associated reanalysis of Steinitz' lax open *a as close *ï seems unsatisfactory. In most cases, this continues PU open *a; it is also continued as lax open /a/ in most Khanty varieties. Moreover, we can identify numerous instances where this occurs in an *À-stem instead. The clearest evidence are "thematic verbs" such as 'to die', where at least in Eastern Khanty the surface alternation is between /oo/ (/kool-/) and /a-aa/ (/kalaa-/). Since Helimski considers *ï to be the i-umlaut counterpart of *a, he ends up proposing the phonetically nonsensical solution that *A-stems would have triggered i-umlaut!
Instead of a back-and-forth development *a > *ï > /a/, purely for the sake of making way for *a > /oo/, I would propose that the rewriting of *ee, *öö, *oo as *ä, *a does not reflect mechanical identity. Rather, the alternation of the sort /oo/ ~ /a-aa/ is again perhaps post-Proto-Khanty entirely. PKh lax *a and *ä were only tensed and raised to /oo/, /ee/ ~ /öö/ when stressed; when unstressed, they were left as is (and not umlauted to anything at all). The first-syllable alternation /oo/ ~ /a-aa/ should be taken back to an earlier stress alternation /á(-ə)/ ~ /a-á/, in turn going back to earlier *á-ə ~ *á-a, through the Eastern Khanty stress retraction shift *-À > *-Á.
Filling up the details on this hypothesis (and possible similar approaches to other ablaut patterns) will need a much closer analysis, though. But ultimately, it may be able to reduce the somewhat sprawling Proto-Khanty vowel system into a more manageable shape.
[1] Infuriatingly, he does not provide any comments on what has motivated the division of the data. There are hints, of course. Much of the "second-tier" data seems to have relatively limited dialect distribution on one or both sides, e.g. only in Northern Mansi, or only in Southern Khanty; or relatively irregular sound correspondences. I get the impression that he considers it likely that some of this data is either unrelated; are parallel loans from some third source; or consists of loans from Khanty to Mansi (or perhaps vice versa). On the other hand, I think even the main part of the data likely contains a number of cases of this kind. Are these oversights, or does he have any actual reasons in mind to consider some initially spotty-looking cases stronger than others?
[2] In their respective C2IFU contributions "Zur Geschichte der Nominalstämme in den ugrischen Sprachen"; "Nominalstämme auf *-a/*-ä im Ostjakischen".
[3] Bear in mind that Proto-Khanty had a contrast between full and reduced vowels, not in vowel length, and e.g. "long" *aa *uu should be read simply as [ɑ] [u]. "Short" *e is then a reduced vowel, [ə] or [ɪ], and is traditionally indeed transcribed ə in close transcription by fieldworkers on Khanty. Thus, *ej > /iij/ does not involve seemingly unmotivated lengthening, but rather tensing: [jɪ] > [ji].
[4] Published in László Honti's Festschrift (Ünnepi kötet Honti Lászó tiszteletére). The University of Helsinki library does have a copy, but it's on loan currently. If by any chance the culprit happens to be reading this, please feel welcome to get in touch with me…
[5] The overall rarity of roots ending in *-Ləɣ in Khanty is not a mystery: it is due to the common (Proto-?) Ob-Ugric metathesis of PU *-lk-, *-sk- > East Uralic *-lɣ-, *-ɬɣ- > OUg *-ɣl-, *-ɣɬ-.
[6] At least two other examples exist of *aa > *ɔɔ before bilabials. 1) 'Bird cherry': *jɔɔm in place of expected *jaam, from PU *ďëmə. 2) 'Hair': Far Eastern *aawət < *aapət regularly continues PU *ëptə, but other dialects, including Obdorsk, indicate *ɔɔpət. On the other hand, there are counterexamples against assuming a regular change, e.g. *kaam 'coffin' (~ Mansi *kaməl), *kaap 'boat' (~ Mansi *këëpə), *saam 'scales' (~ Mansi *sëëmə, < PU *sëmə).
[7] To be exact, Steinitz and Honti only claim this about tense *üü, *öö, *ɔ̈ɔ̈. PKh reduced *ö has labial reflexes more widely in WKh, including fronted [ɵ] in SKh. However, this is only the case adjacent to velars; elsewhere we see the expected delabialization to *e. I would propose that this development involves "double cheshirization" (and is areally connected to the same in Southern Mansi): *kö > *kʷe, then re-coloring: *kʷe > South [kɵ] (= phonemically /ko/), North /kuu/.
[8] For a starting point, see e.g. E. Helimski (1999): "Umlaut in Diachronie – Ablaut in Synchronie: Urostjakischer Umlaut und ostjakischer Ablaut." — Diachronie in der synchronen Sprachbeschreibung. Mitteilungen der Societas Uralo-Altaica 21: pp. 39–44.


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- Emotionally intelligent, with strong communication and presentation skills and the ability to deal effectively and empathetically with all levels of employees and management are required.
- Great at establishing systems and programs to ensure operations run smoothly; detail- oriented and fanatical about follow up and seeing things through to completion.
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- Related Bachelor's degree; Master's degree in Human Resources and/or Organization Development preferred; IHRM Membership required.
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At IDEO.org, we design products, services, and experiences to improve the lives of people in poor and vulnerable communities. We practice human-centered design, a creative approach to problem solving that starts with people and arrives at new solutions tailored to meet their lives. We've organized our work into four main programs, areas of deep focus that each offer a unique opportunity for design to improve lives at scale. IDEO.org is a non-profit design and innovation organization focused on solving challenges in poverty and spreading human-centered design through the social sector. Human-centered design enables organizations to create and deliver innovative solutions to pressing challenges that are rooted in the needs of people. IDEO.org works directly with organizations on projects using the human-centered design process across a wide range of focus areas related to poverty, including health, financial services, gender equity, water and sanitation.2011


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Bridge connection not working
dear all,
i posted this probelm before but not get the answer now i am posting agiain with screenshot please help.
i install dd wrt on tplinek 841nd router and bridge with bullet 2hp. i can reach across the bridge and can ping any device both side of the bridge.. my laptop and mobile can get the ip form pfsense box.
but when try to ping google.com or any other site resolving host probelm came.
but when i telent the tp router and from telnet window i can ping the google.com and any other site.
i have attached screenshots for setting and pings please have look
KOM last edited by
You appear to have a DNS problem. I don't know why you're posting screens of DD-WRT. This isn't the forum for support for that.
Can you ping if you use the IP address for google.com instead of the FQDN? What DNS are you using for your clients? How do you have pfSense configured for DNS?
i posted the screenshot in ddwrt forum setting are correct got feedback may b problem with pfsense thatsy i posted here
stephenw10 Netgate Administrator last edited by
Original thread for reference:
In the last post in that thread the result I was expecting was that there would be reduced or no connectivity at the dd-wrt box. The fact that there isn't implies that somehow the wireless and wired parts of the dd-wrt box are not connecting purely at layer 2.
I'm not familiar with dd-wrt but it looks like you might have the wrong wireless mode selected. The connection shouldn't be routed.


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