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Basement Entry Doors in Baltimore MD
Are you thinking of adding an outside entrance to your basement? You should consider the following benefits of basement entry doors:
Improves the basement
Basements are often thought of as dark and scary places similar to dungeons. That isn't a place anyone would like to spend time in. However, the addition of a basement entry door can open up the space and make it a little more livable. You can easily convert a basement into additional living space by simply adding a basement entry door.
Brighten up the space
Basement entry doors also act as a source of light and fresh air for basements. The additional lighting can help to make the basement feel more airy and spacious. They are especially beneficial in a small basement that can feel cramped.
Create an opportunity for extra income
Adding a basement entry door gives your basement access from the exterior. You can easily turn your basement into an apartment that you can rent for extra income. You won't have to worry about the renter coming into the main home to access their apartment. They can access the apartment directly from the external door.
Easy access to your basement
Adding an external door to your basement will give you easy access to your basement. You won't always have to enter the main home to access the basement. You can access the basement directly from outside. This can be beneficial when it's muddy outside or when you have to store large or heavy items.
Easy draining of basement in case of a flood
No one wishes to have their basements flooded. However, it can happen. It is beneficial to have an external door to help in recovery efforts after extreme weather emergencies such as hurricanes and floods. An external door will make it easy to drain your basement and restore it.
Installing basement entry doors opens your basement to endless possibilities. Simply ensure that you get in touch with a professional and experienced contractor in the installation of basement doors. This will help to increase the possibilities of great end results.
It's also important to discuss your specific needs and requirements with your contractor. The contractor should take a look at your basement and help you determine the best basement door for your particular situation. You may need to have a custom door made to meet your requirements. This can be a great solution when working with a skilled contractor.


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Window benches
Discover Pinterest's 10 best ideas and inspiration for Window benches. Get inspired and try out new things.
Custom window seat cushion featuring Sunbrella Spectrum Dove fabric
Cushion Source saved to Customer Photos
My home office took a nose dive over the summer. In this blog post I'm sharing the before and after, as well as some inspiration for a One Room Challenge!
Paola McNamara saved to Office
We have a space in our dining room that would be perfect for a window seat bench. But the space is odd (119
Dorris Palafox saved to DIY furniture
Redecorating your home doesn't require all new furniture and accessories. You can completely revamp your space by simply restyling it with items you already own. For an instant, no-cost update, refresh your existing furnishings and work ordinary objects into your decor with these easy tricks.
Spending the weekend at the Ojai Valley Inn with my best friends was one of the best weekends of my life thanks to the incredible amenities and property.
Lollipop Song saved to Inspiration: Window seats
Learn how my husband built this gorgeous window bench with storage in our master bedroom.
Natural Mattresses & Cushions on Instagram: "That is what we call an inspiring and exciting #yourhowstory 🥰 Thank you for sharing, Hagit! @hagit_taylor #custom #cushions #windowseat…"
Home Of Wool saved to Custom Projects
Learn how to build a custom window bench seat and reading nook with this step-by-step DIY tutorial. Customize it to any size you need!
Jenna Sue Design Co. saved to Home Decor
[Inspiration Pinterest] Par manque d'espace ou d'idées, il est souvent compliqué de s'aménager un coin lecture original et cosy dans sa pièce à vivre. Pour relâcher la pression et confier votre esprit à la détente et à la rêverie, créez l'espace de lecture idéal dans votre salon grâce à ces 10 inspirations.
MOUROUGAYEN saved to Projets à essayer salon

subset: commoncrawl


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Traterra was founded in 1989 by its current Director, Nilson Gusmão, and his wife Gilda Gusmão, who is the company's legal, financial and accounts director. Located in Paragominas in Pará state in the north of Brazil, the company had just three pieces of machinery, two tractors and a truck and concentrated on the extraction of wood from the region's forests. At the time, Traterra cut the trees into 20-meter lengths and dragged each one, weighing approximately 7.5 tons to a clearing in the forest where it could be loaded onto the truck and taken to the saw mills in Paragominas.
Today, the company's projects have taken on a different scale, and family-run Traterra has diversified its portfolio of services. Now, the extraction of trees is for land-clearing, mining and excavation purposes, as requested by its client base of mining companies, contractors and industrial installation specialists. Traterra performs a variety of other engineering services, which have arisen from the company's extensive experience in land development, including looking for minerals, and in particular locating reserves of bauxite and china clay.
Individual services are also offered, such as transport of supplies, equipment and machinery; clearing and maintenance of access routes; topographical projects and logistic support for mineral research. On a larger scale, the company closes land spaces, with reflorestation projects that use species of flora and fauna native to the Amazon, and excavates trenches, for mineral and soil extraction.
On a typical project Traterra's work begins only after the surveying company has carried out detailed tests, usually with probes, to indicate the presence of minerals or chemicals. If the results of these initial tests are consistent with Traterra's clients' requirements, the project can begin. The trees are cleared, and residues cleaned. "The top soil is removed, and transported to a specified area, usually between six and 20 kilometers away. Once the deposit has been used the process is reversed, replacing the earth and vegetation," explains Nilson Gusmão.
In recent years, considerable reserves of iron, bauxite, gold, magnesium, nickel, copper and china clay in Pará have made it an important state for mining in Brazil. According to figures by the National Department of Mineral Production (Brazilian Ministry of Mining and Energy), the state produced $4 billion of metallic minerals in 2007 alone, and in 2008, 30 percent of the $376 million spent on mineral research in Brazil was invested in Pará. This is good news for Traterra, and according to Gusmão the company grew by a record 50 percent in 2008.
However, the boom in the mining industry is not the only reason for the surge in Traterra's success. "We have experienced a general increase in demand for our services, and have fulfilled the expectations and requirements of our clients, thanks to our highly qualified staff," says Gusmão. He also cites the company's excellent credibility in the industry as a reason for year-on-year growth.
"Another cause of the record figures is the technology and equipment that Traterra employs," continues Gusmão. The company has a standing contract with Caterpillar that allows the purchase of the latest industrial machinery on favorable terms. In this way, Traterra achieves maximum efficiency on all its projects through constant technological updates to its fleet. The trucks from the early years have been "sold long ago" says Gusmão, and today Traterra invests in leading names like Volvo and Mitsubishi.
Traterra's fleet of machinery includes belted-wheel tractors (that protect the ground from excessive erosion), log traction equipment, diggers, and transporter trucks, levelers and reverse diggers.
"We are one of the leaders in Pará. No other company in the state has our range of equipment," adds Gusmão. In 2008 alone, 20 new Caterpillar machines were purchased, some of which were imported to Brazil for the first time ever.
The range of applications of the equipment is extensive. Although mineral research does represent a sizable portion of business, it is land-clearing in general that is the most important business for Traterra, accountable for more than 50 percent of its annual turnover.
The company specializes in the opening and maintenance of passageways for electricity lines, and transport routes between mines, as well as the effective land-fill projects when such routes are no longer needed.
Traterra's experience in working with the construction industry has led to participation in the building of commercial premises and bridges and the construction of roads. With a natural foundation, rudimentary first layer and asphalt surface, these roads could well lead to an even brighter future for the company. "Following our technological breakthroughs in road engineering, we are currently analyzing the introduction of a new type of economical and durable road surface to Brazil, which has been approved abroad," says Gusmão.
Traterra has also been a pioneer in the application of new remote technology, which, from one location, monitors fuel consumption, has a system of failure codes that register technical faults and uses GPS for greater control of vehicles and machinery on sites around the state.
Innovation sets Traterra apart from competitors in the industry, as it constantly explores new applications for its extensive machinery and new ways to develop the land. It has also secured clients such as Vale do Rio Doce and CBA.
Traterra organizes its operations from two industrial units in Pará. The main facility in Paragominas stands in a 600,000-square-meter site, allowing ample space for future growth, and the 25,000-square-meter subsidiary in Parauapebas was opened to cater for the increase in services offered by the company.
Riding high on its wave of success, Traterra has great plans for the future, including expansion into other states and a number of new projects in the pipelines. It also intends to invest more in land clearance for pastures and agricultural purposes. "Of course, we are aware of current worldwide economic difficulties, and are conscious that some industries will be affected, but Brazil is a developing economy – and we still have a lot to develop," concludes Gusmão.


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Tangy and cool, this soup the perfect foil for a spicier main dish. Low in calories but high in nutrition, it's a great addition to your spring or summer menu.
Creamy Asparagus Soup with Lemon
(serves 4)
- 4 C fresh asparagus (if you can't get fresh, frozen is ok)
- 4 C chicken stock
- 1/2 C heavy whipping cream
- 1 lemon
- ¼ C onion, chopped
- Dash of salt
- Dash of pepper
To make:
Remove and discard the first 1-2 inches of each asparagus spear — the bottom portions contain tough, stringy fibers that are difficult to chew. Cut the remaining asparagus into 1-2 inch lengths. (If you're using frozen asparagus, you can skip both these steps.)
In a saucepan, simmer the asparagus, onions, and chicken stock until the asparagus is very tender and the largest pieces are easily pierced with a fork. Let cool to lukewarm.
Transfer the asparagus and stock to a blender. Cut the lemon in half, squeeze the juice from one half into the blender, and pulse till asparagus is liquified–soup should be the consistency of a thin smoothie. Pour back into the pan or a serving dish and stir in cream, then add salt and pepper to taste. Chill and serve with a thin slice of lemon.


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We're a full-service digital marketing agency located in Colombo, Sri Lanka. Our core services include Social Media Management, Online Advertising, Lead Generation and SEO.
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Social Media Management
The process of managing your online interactions and content across social media channels like Facebook, Instagram, Twitter, LinkedIn, YouTube, and TikTok.
Online Advertising
A form of marketing and advertising which uses the Internet to deliver promotional marketing messages to consumers.
Lead Generation
The process of attracting and converting strangers and prospects into someone who has indicated interest in your company's product or service.
The practice of increasing both the quality and quantity of website traffic, as well as exposure to your brand, through non-paid (also known as "organic") search engine results.
E-commerce Marketing
Helping business owners take their product-based business online by creating an online store, driving traffic to the online store, converting that traffic into paying customers, and retaining those customers post-purchase.
Content Marketing
A form of marketing focused on creating, publishing, and distributing content (such as videos, blogs, and social media posts) for a targeted audience online.
Influencer Marketing
The use of influencers to achieve business or organizational aims, typically in the form of endorsements and product mentions.
Media Monitoring
Involves tracking and reporting on specific topic/brand mentions across print, broadcast and digital media outputs.
Digital PR
The distribution of online press releases through journalists, bloggers and influencers to gain high-quality backlinks and social media mentions for businesses and organizations.
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At its most basic level, email marketing is the use of email to promote your business.
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SMS marketing allows businesses to communicate coupons, promotions and alerts via permission-based, opt in text messages.
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WhatsApp marketing is the use of WhatsApp to market your products/services/brands/offers.
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Web design refers to the design of websites that are displayed on the internet.
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Graphic design is the craft of creating visual content using typography, photography, and illustration to communicate messages.
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There are over 250 digital marketing agencies in Sri Lanka. Some of them are more reputable and have been around for a longer time than us.
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Lucky star casino seating chart
Lucky star casino seating chart
Lucky star casino seating chart
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Earlier today, an account run by President Obama's 2012 campaign staff, was created for Mrs. O. All tweets written by her will be signed "-mo."
Hours later, the First Lady tweeted her first message saying, "Hi, everyone, and thanks for the warm welcome. Look forward to staying in touch with you here. -mo."
PHOTOS: Get Michelle Obama's First Class Style
The account has been live for a few hours and the First Lady already has close to 150,000 followers and counting.
With the announcement, celebrities immediately chimed in to tweet their support for her arrival to the social media site. Comedian Steve Harvey wrote, "Hello everyone! Let's welcome @MichelleObama to Twitter" while media mogul Russell Simmons tweeted "Welcome to Twitter @MichelleObama!"
PHOTOS: First Lady Diary: Michelle Obama
But perhaps the most sincere tweet came from her husband, President Obama, who wrote, "It's not every day we get to welcome the First Lady of the United States to Twitter — happy to have you."
So far, Mrs. Obama is following five accounts — two of which are very dear to her heart — President Obama's and Let's Move.


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Car Safety
Tesla Scales Back Full Self-Driving Offering
In a move that relieved some car safety advocates, Tesla has removed the "Full Self-Driving" option from its online configurator. The $3,000-$5,000 package will be pulled for an unspecified amount of time, with CEO Elon Musk saying on Twitter it was causing too much confusion.
Musk said the option will be available "off menu" for a week, but then will be gone for a time.
While Tesla hasn't officially addressed why Full Self-Driving won't be offered for a while, it doesn't take a genius to figure out the reason. The automaker likely won't be able to offer a fully self-driving vehicle for some time, just like every other car and tech company.
Tesla has been accused of misleading drivers with the name of its AutoPilot feature, which some allege insinuates it doesn't require driver intervention. Full Self-Driving is perhaps even more confusing, especially considering the capability isn't even ready.
Tesla has sold the Full Self-Driving package to shoppers since 2016. No refunds are being issued, because the option is supposed to be functioning sometime in the future. Of course, anyone who paid extra for it might be wondering why at this point.


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Wednesday | October 13, 2021 at 3pm ET
A few years ago, Scott Galloway posited that Amazon's push for retail media would become a sales tax everyone had to pay. As Galloway predicted, retail media has grown exponentially to become one of the largest advertising channels. But, has retail media in fact become a sales tax for brands, or is it a new opportunity for growth?Watch now
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Pastor Paul with The Atlanta Dream Center joins The Christian View discussion on the addication crisis we are facing around the world and within our communities.
As parents we have a resposibilty to raise up God children. We are called to parent with purpose and power with the help of the Holy Spirit.
Scriptures states that we wrestle not agianist flesh and blood, we are in a spiritual war! Join The Christian View team as we uncover what Spiritual Warfare really is and how we are to fight an unsee battle.
2020 has been a crazy year. Many churches have shut their door and are only worshipping online. Is this the new normal or is there more change to come for the 2020 Church?


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The Boom in Parallel Claims in Investment Treaty Arbitration
Investment treaty arbitrators have adopted a de facto policy of favouring parallel claims by declining to yield to contractually-agreed dispute settlement provisions. In 12 cases decided before June 2010, tribunals awarded at least US$1.2 billion against states after taking jurisdiction over an investor claim in spite of an exclusive jurisdiction clause in a relevant contract.[1] The policy is widespread among tribunals but appears out of step with judicial restraint based on principles of party autonomy, sanctity of contract, or the avoidance of parallel proceedings.
These observations emerged from a study of arbitrator decision-making under investment treaties outlined more fully in a book by the author.[2] The study revealed a tendency of arbitrators to favour parallel claims in spite of treaty language that supported restraint due to the role of another forum. The de facto policy has important implications besides the obvious benefit to the investor-state arbitration industry that grew alongside the boom in treaty claims since the late 1990s. Fundamentally, it expanded arbitrator power and prospects for investor compensation and state liability, while revealing how the growth of investor-state arbitration has depended on expansive legal interpretations by arbitrators.
Overlap between contract and treaty-based disputes
Investment treaty arbitration is deeply intertwined with contract-based adjudication. It emerged from the study that approximately two-thirds of investment treaty cases appeared to involve a contract—presumably with its own dispute settlement clause—that related to the dispute brought before the treaty arbitrators.[3] In light of this overlap, it was asked whether the treaty arbitrators stayed or delayed their own proceedings in deference to a contractually-agreed forum. Restraint might not be appropriate in all such cases. Yet, in these circumstances, principles of party autonomy and sanctity of contract provided a basis for arbitrators to: (a) allow other forums to play the primary role in resolving a dispute; and (b) limit their own role to providing a check against sovereign interference in the contract-based forum. In spite of this, investment treaty tribunals overwhelmingly declined to show restraint in the face of a contract-based forum.
Rejection of restraint
On the specific issue of exclusive jurisdiction clauses, the earliest example of restraint, from 2000, was Vivendi (No 1) in which the tribunal declined to hear an investor's claim because it related closely to a concession contract that contained its own exclusive jurisdiction clause.[4] The tribunal decided that the claimant had to submit the dispute first to the contract-agreed forum and that, if the claimant was unsatisfied with the outcome, then the claimant would be limited to a claim of denial of justice under the treaty.[5] Thus, the tribunal decided implicitly that investment treaties do not provide a general alternative venue for investors involved in contractual disputes, where the investors have agreed previously to resolve such disputes in another forum.
Had the decision in Vivendi (No 1) been accepted widely by later tribunals, it would have constituted investment treaty arbitration as a supplement to contract-based adjudication. Instead, the decision was overridden by an International Centre for Settlement of Investment Dispute (ICSID) annulment committee of three World Bank-appointed arbitrators, two of whom—Yves Fortier and James Crawford—became mainstays in investment treaty arbitration.[6] According to the annulment committee, the original tribunal's decision amounted to a manifest excess of powers under the ICSID Convention because the original tribunal:[7]
- looked beyond the claimant's framing of the treaty claim in order to evaluate for itself whether the claim involved issues of contractual performance or non-performance,
- stayed its proceedings upon finding that the underlying dispute was a matter of contract and that the contractual forum was the more appropriate forum,
- declined to analyse in detail specific treaty standards until after the claimant had resorted to the contractual forum, and
- signalled that the treaty would not offer relief for the claimant unless the respondent state denied justice to the claimant in the contract-based forum.
This annulment heralded the current de facto policy in favour of parallel claims under investment treaties despite the role of contract-based forums.[8] Remarkably, the Vivendi (No 1) annulment committee overrode the original tribunal in a situation where the annulment committee was itself supposed to be deferring to the original tribunal.[9] In essence, the original tribunal was said to have exceeded its power manifestly because it showed restraint.
After the annulment in Vivendi (No 1) in 2002, there were few examples of restraint linked to the role of a contract-based forum.[10] Rather, in 30 of 36 cases where this specific legal issue was found to have arisen, the tribunal allowed a treaty claim to proceed in the face of a contractually-agreed venue.[11]
Arbitrators justified this favouring of parallel claims in various ways. For instance, in Vivendi (No 1), the annulment committee emphasized the distinction between formal causes of action rather than factual similarities between disputes in order to distinguish treaty from contractual claims.[12] Other tribunals took a similar approach that sidelined exclusive jurisdiction clauses.[13] For example, the Siemens tribunal stated that "[t]he dispute as formulated by the Claimant is a dispute under the Treaty…. The Tribunal simply has to be satisfied that, if the Claimant's allegations would be proven correct, then the Tribunal has jurisdiction to consider them."[14] In Eureko v Poland, the tribunal allowed an investor's claim to proceed under the treaty in spite of an exclusive jurisdiction clause, stating that the investor "advances claims for breach of Treaty… [and] every one of those claims must be heard and judged by this Tribunal."[15]
This hands-off approach solidified a shift in power to claimants because, in effect, the arbitrators chose not to evaluate for themselves whether the investor's complaints against the state, though presented as treaty claims, in fact fell within the scope of a contractual dispute resolution clause. Similarly, arbitrators adopted an interpretive presumption—put forward also by the Vivendi (No 1) annulment committee—that an exclusive jurisdiction clause must rule out investment treaty arbitration specifically if it is to preclude a treaty claim.[16] In other words, it was insufficient for such clauses to designate the contract-based forum to the exclusion of other forums generally. Adopting this presumption, arbitrators faced with a general waiver clause typically did not show restraint based on party autonomy, sanctity of contract, or other considerations.[17]
Arbitrators also facilitated parallel treaty claims by applying different thresholds to decide whether a claim related to the treaty or a contract. In Sempra, the tribunal decided that the contract-based forum had exclusive carriage over disputes that were "purely" contract-related, whereas the investment treaty tribunal could hear any disputes "relating to" the interpretation of the treaty. [18] According to the tribunal, if it did not characterize disputes based on this test of contractual purity, then "the contract would nullify the provisions of the treaty."[19] As such, the tribunal de-emphasized party autonomy and sanctity of contract in a situation where these principles appeared clearly to support restraint.
In other cases, arbitrators allowed the investor's claim to proceed by distinguishing one or more parties in the treaty arbitration from the parties to the contractual relationship or proceedings.[20] For example, in National Grid, the tribunal emphasized that the company that brought the treaty claim was different from the company that signed the concession contract, although the former owned the latter.[21] By this approach, a company could avoid an exclusive jurisdiction clause and bring a treaty claim simply by having a subsidiary negotiate the contract and litigate the contractual dispute.
Thus, investment treaty arbitrators erected a series of legal obstacles for states seeking to uphold their position under an exclusive jurisdiction clause. In doing so, they veered from alternative options that might invoke concepts of comity, forum non conveniens, or flexible versions of lis pendens. This created a major hurdle to the effectiveness of contractual dispute resolution clauses and allowed claimants and tribunals to distinguish almost any investment treaty claim from an underlying contractual relationship. In turn, it helped to fuel the boom in treaty arbitrations.
Treaty-based requirements also side-stepped
On another track, tribunals in many cases declined to give effect to treaty provisions that supported restraint to avoid parallel proceedings. First, most arbitrators took a soft approach to wait periods under an investment treaty by allowing an investor claim to proceed even though the claimant had not waited the required period before bringing a treaty claim. In 14 of 19 cases where this issue appeared to arise, the tribunal allowed the treaty claim to proceed.[22]
Tribunals justified this position on various rationales, including that the treaty was not sufficiently clear and precise,[23] that the issue raised by the wait period was insignificant because the tribunal would have allowed the claim to be re-submitted in due course,[24] that imposing the wait period would have little effect other than to increase any damages owed by the state,[25] that the respondent state's obligation to provide most-favoured-nation treatment extended to dispute settlement processes such that wait periods were removed or shortened for all claimants,[26] or that giving effect to a wait period would nullify the treaty's role to provide access to international arbitration regardless of whether an investor resorted to other remedies.[27] Many of these rationales are highly debatable, at least, and they indicate how arbitrators usually chose to expand their role in the face of treaty provisions that appeared precisely to constrain it.
Incidentally, such arcane legal interpretations by arbitrators could sow the seed for a monumental harvest, such as in Occidental (No 2) where the tribunal awarded over US$2.3 billion (including pre-award interest) against Ecuador after allowing the claim to proceed in spite of a treaty-based wait period. The tribunal reasoned that it would have been futile for the investor, during the wait period, to have continued to pursue a negotiated solution; paradoxically, on the same facts, the tribunal also concluded that Ecuador had acted disproportionately by terminating a contract with the claimant instead of continuing to negotiate.[28] In this case and others, arbitrators framed wait periods as an option instead of a prerequisite for treaty claims. In doing so, they put aside an apparent precondition for the state's consent to arbitrate under the treaty.[29]
Arbitrators took a similarly expansive position when faced with a fork-in-the-road clause in a treaty. Such clauses require claimants to choose between bringing a claim under the treaty or resorting to another forum such as domestic courts or a contract-based forum. In all but two of 17 relevant cases the tribunal did not bar an investor claim although it was subject to a fork-in-the-road clause that appeared not to have been satisfied by the claimant.[30]
Remarkably, had tribunals taken a general position of restraint in these contexts—especially out of respect for contract-based forums—then investor claims under the treaties in many cases, perhaps most, would have had to wait for a resolution in another forum. As mentioned at the outset, in cases in which the tribunal did not show restraint—although the claim appeared to relate to a contract with a dispute settlement clause that had been agreed previously by the claimant or a related entity—states were ordered to pay at least US$1.2 billion overall.[31] This amount would rise to US$3.5 billion if one included the award in Occidental v Ecuador (No 2).[32] It is not for nothing that investment treaty arbitration has boomed, based partly on the de facto policy choices of for-profit arbitrators.
Author: Gus Van Harten is an associate professor at Osgoode Hall Law School of York University.
[1] Below n 34.
[2] The study and methodology are reported in Sovereign Choices and Sovereign Constraints: Judicial Restraint in Investment Treaty Arbitration (Oxford University Press, 2013). The findings noted here were based on content analyses of investment treaty awards decided and publicly-available by cut-offs ranging from May 2010 to October 2012.
[3] Ibid, 122-4.
[4] Vivendi v Argentina (No 1) (Award, 21 November 2000), p 2-3 and 28.
[5] Ibid, p 28-9.
[6] Vivendi v Argentina (No 1) (Annulment decision, 3 July 2002). See above n 2, 135-47, for a more elaborate analysis of the decision.
[7] Ibid, para 86-7 and 115.
[8] See also Wena Hotels v Egypt (Award, 8 December 2000) para 331-2.
[9] This is based on the limited grounds for annulment under the ICSID Convention, article 52(1); e.g. MCI Power v Ecuador (Annulment decision, 19 October 2009) para 49.
[10] Five examples of restraint, comparable to the original decision in Vivendi (No 1), emerged from the study: SGS v Philippines (Award, 29 January 2004) para 155 and 170 (note 95); Joy Mining v Egypt (Award, 6 August 2004) para 81 and 89-94; Salini v Jordan (Award, 9 November 2004) para 70, 76, and 100-1; SGS v Pakistan (Award, 6 August 2003) para 177; and Bureau Veritas v Paraguay (Award, 29 May 2009) para 159 and 161. Another example emerged from incidental related searches after the cut-off for content analysis on this issue: Paushok v Mongolia (Award, 28 April 2011) para 557. These include examples of abstention (declining or staying jurisdiction) and in-built restraint (interpreting a particular standard restrictively) due to the role of a contract-based forum.
[11] Above n 2, 135-6.
[12] Above n 7 above, para 101.
[13] e.g. IBM v Ecuador (Award, 22 December 2003) para 69; Sempra v Argentina (Award, 11 May 2005) para 121; Desert Line Products v Yemen (Award, 6 February 2008) para 134-6.
[14] Siemens v Argentina (Award, 3 August 2004) para 180 [emphasis added].
[15] Eureko v Poland (Award, 19 August 2005) para 113.
[16] Above n 7, para 76-9.
[17] e.g. TSA Spectrum v Argentina (Award, 19 December 2008) para 58; SGS v Paraguay (Award, 10 February 2012) para 180.
[18] Sempra v Argentina (Award, 11 May 2005) para 123.
[19] Ibid.
[20] e.g. Nykomb v Latvia (Award, 16 December 2003) p 9; RDC v Guatemala (Award, 18 May 2010) para 130-1.
[21] National Grid v Argentina (Award, 20 June 2006) para 169.
[22] For a list of the cases, see above n 2, 148 (note 171).
[23] Gas Natural v Argentina (Award, 17 June 2005) para 30.
[24] Ethyl v Canada (Award, 24 June 1998) para 84-5.
[25] Link Trading v Moldova (Award, 16 February 2001) para 8.6.4.
[26] Maffezini v Spain (Award, 25 January 2000) para 21-3.
[27] PSEG v Turkey (Award, 4 June 2004) para 161-2.
[28] The tribunal also appeared to conclude that the claimant had waited the required period. Occidental v Ecuador (No 2) (Award, 9 September 2008) para 92-4; Occidental v Ecuador (No 2) (Award, 5 October 2012) para 432-6.
[29] Republic of Argentina v. BG Group PLC (DC Cir, January 17, 2012) p 17 (where the court set aside the award due to the claimant's failure to satisfy the treaty's wait period).
[30] For a list of the cases, see above n 2, 149 (note 181).
[31] This reflects amounts awarded in known awards with publicly-available materials up to June 2010 and does not incorporate awards of pre-award interest in most cases, amounts paid by states to settle claims, or annulment outcomes: Siemens v Argentina; National Grid v Argentina; Azurix v Argentina; Sempra v Argentina; CMS v Argentina; Vivendi v Argentina (No 2); Enron v Argentina; LG&E v Argentina; Rumeli Telekom v Kazakhstan; Nykomb v Latvia; PSEG v Turkey; Desert Line Projects v Yemen. In other relevant cases, an order for compensation was apparently still pending or not public or the case apparently settled after a decision on jurisdiction. Above n 2, 156 (note 219).
[32] Above n 28.


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Christmas Inflatable Grinch 11 Ft Outdoor Lighted Holiday Decoration Xmas Decor. Lights up with bright, energy-efficient LED lighting. Self-inflates in seconds for easy setup.
Includes stakes and tethers for outdoor setup. Deck the yard with Christmas Inflatable Grinch! Just plug it in, stake it down and watch the magic unfold.
Display this whimsical holiday decoration as a standalone or combine it with other Airblown characters to create a custom scene. Includes everything needed for easy outdoor setup.
The item "Christmas Inflatable Grinch 11 Ft Outdoor Lighted Holiday Decoration Xmas Decor" is in sale since Thursday, October 7, 2021. This item is in the category "Collectibles\Holiday & Seasonal\Yard Décor". The seller is "gsrdeals" and is located in Multiple Locations. This item can be shipped to United States, Canada, United Kingdom, Denmark, Romania, Slovakia, Bulgaria, Czech republic, Finland, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Malta, Estonia, Australia, Greece, Portugal, Cyprus, Slovenia, Japan, China, Sweden, South Korea, Indonesia, Taiwan, South africa, Thailand, Belgium, France, Hong Kong, Ireland, Netherlands, Poland, Spain, Italy, Germany, Austria, Bahamas, Israel, Mexico, New Zealand, Philippines, Singapore, Switzerland, Norway, Saudi arabia, Ukraine, United arab emirates, Qatar, Kuwait, Bahrain, Croatia, Malaysia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Costa rica, Dominican republic, Panama, Trinidad and tobago, Guatemala, El salvador, Honduras, Jamaica, Antigua and barbuda, Aruba, Belize, Dominica, Grenada, Saint kitts and nevis, Saint lucia, Montserrat, Turks and caicos islands, Barbados, Bangladesh, Bermuda, Brunei darussalam, Bolivia, Ecuador, Egypt, French guiana, Guernsey, Gibraltar, Guadeloupe, Iceland, Jersey, Jordan, Cambodia, Cayman islands, Liechtenstein, Sri lanka, Luxembourg, Monaco, Macao, Martinique, Maldives, Nicaragua, Oman, Peru, Pakistan, Paraguay, Reunion, Viet nam, Uruguay, Russian federation.


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Nuvo 60/948 Wall Fixture, Brushed Nickel
Nuvo Lighting is uniquely, poised to become one of the industry's leaders. With the sales and distribution resources of Satco products and the continued offering of finely conceived, well crafted products that deliver style, value and quality – Nuvo is a name that will become synonymous with lighting. Product Features Brushed nickel ADA compliant Width


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MUSIC NEWS: Rob Lynch Streams New Song 'Prove It!'
Singer/songwriter Rob Lynch has revealed another new track from his forthcoming album Baby, I'm A Runaway, this time Prove It!
"[Prove It!] is a call to arms to not rely too heavily on other people and to not get bogged down in the things that stop you from enjoying yourself and from pursuing the things you love," he explains of the song.
Baby, I'm A Runaway is set for release on the 22nd July via Xtra Mile Recordings, available to pre-order from iTunes and Banquet Records.
Catch Rob Lynch at 2000trees next month!


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- Description
DetailsTo let your child offer their gratitude to those who helped them through high school, and their entire life, this card is the perfect solution to do just that. Not only does it give a modern style of text to offer those feelings of gratitude, but those words can rest over a personal photo of your child. By selecting the best photo, you can create a personal and intimate feeling of gratitude to those you intend to send the card. This card is more than just a thank you card, however. With a spot for a personal note at the bottom, as well as on the back, you can invite them to your child's graduation party. Whether you choose to have the important information on the back or front is entirely up to, but you can be sure with the stark white font color that they won't miss it.
- Reviews


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J. Ticha, M. Tichy, Z. Moravec
Klet' Observatory, Zatkovo nabrezi 4
CZ-370 01 Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
e-mail : firstname.lastname@example.com
Astrometry of faint and slowly moving objects in the outer solar system
is considered to be the target for large telescopes, but in special cases
observations using small telescopes were obtained. We have measured
precise positions of several Centaur-type asteroids (including recovery
of 1997 CU26) and also of Transneptunian object 1996 TL66
using 0.57-m f/5.2 reflector equipped with CCD at the Klet Observatory.
This work will be extended to fainter objects with new 1.02-m reflector at Klet, whose start of operation is planned in the turn of 1998/1999.


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Entice customers to sign up for your mailing list with discounts or exclusive offers. Include an image for extra impact.
The Nookie Amelia Gown is a simply stunning gown with pleats at side waist and wrap front skirt. Zip closure at back, adjustable straps. Buttons at back neck and zip closure at back bodice. Crafted in a medium weight satin.
Use collapsible tabs for more detailed information that will help customers make a purchasing decision.
Ex: Shipping and return policies, size guides, and other common questions.


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A joyful awareness
The true source of joy is love—love of God, love of beauty, love of wisdom, love of another human being, it does not matter which. It is all one love: a joyful awareness of dissolving boundaries of our ordinary narrow self, of being one with reality beyond, of being made whole.
~ from The Door to Joy by Irma Lalecki in "Heron Dance"


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I was looking to make a quick dinner before Brandon and I headed out to the New Kids on the Block beer party. We needed a meal filled with protein and some carbs to lessen our inevitable hangover the next day. I had made a recipe similar to this one from something I found on Pinterest. I kept the basic concept of filling a puff pastry with chicken, but I found a way to make it my own. I knew I wanted to work with sage and I knew I wanted to try and keep it somewhat low-fat – so here's what I came up with: Sage Chicken Puff Pastries. They have all the summery herb and lemon flavors that go so well with chicken, but also a bit of a kick from red pepper flakes. If you want to amp up the spice, add another teaspoon. For a side dish, I suggest roasting some zucchini. This recipe looks elegant but is extremely simple to put together. It's the perfect way to impress some dinner guests! Serve it with the Utah Sage Saison by Epic Brewing and your friends will be asking to come over for dinner every night of the week.
Serving Size: Makes 8 pastries
1 lb chicken, baked
1 package of puff pastry sheets (should be 2 sheets)
10-15 cherry tomatoes
10 leaves of fresh sage
2 sprigs of rosemary
½ yellow onion, chopped
¾ cup of Greek yogurt (we used non-fat to keep it light)
1 tsp red pepper flakes
½ tsp salt
zest from ½ of a lemon
1 egg for egg wash
Thaw the puff pastry dough. I laid mine out about 15 minutes before I started baking the chicken and it was good to go by the time it needed to be filled. If you didn't already, bake your chicken. Once it is cooked, chop it into small pieces and set the oven to 375 to get ready for the pastries. Remove the leaves from the 2 sprigs of rosemary and chop them along with the sage leaves.
Quarter the cherry tomatoes or halve them if they are really small. In a bowl, combine the chopped chicken, herbs, onion, tomatoes, and zest half of a lemon on top.
Add the salt, red pepper flakes, and Greek yogurt and then stir until well combined.
Cut each puff pastry sheet into 4 small pieces. If you are using a brand that doesn't work out well this way, find a way to cut the sheets into 4"x4" squares. Then, add about 2 spoonfuls of mixture to the center of each square.
Pinch together opposite corners and then seal the sides.
After that, brush the tops with a bit of egg wash (whip up one egg in a small bowl).
Pop those little suckers in the oven at 375 for 30-35 minutes (until golden brown on the bottom). Some are bound to come open, but don't worry, they will still be delicious. When they are finished, enjoy!
Beer Pairing: Utah Sage Saison by Epic Brewing Company
If this beer were a boy, I'd say he's a keeper. It goes so well with so many meals, I feel I can go as far to say that it is a staple item that should be stocked in your refrigerator at all times. Here, we paired it with the pastries but some other good ideas would be to pour it over a chicken and roast it or pair it with sage rubbed pork loins. Epic Brewing pumps out a lot of really delicious beers, but I'm pretty sure this is my favorite one. It matches the Belgian flavors seamlessly with the herbal qualities of the sage and citrus. The Utah Sage Saison is well-balanced and an excellent choice for pairing with a variety of recipes or drinking all by itself.


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Facts about Amaury Guichon
|Date of Birth
|March 15, 1991
|31 years old
|French and Swiss
|Pastry Chef and Instagram star
|5 feet and 10 inches
|Relationship status
|Net worth
|$5 million (More info Below)
Art is something that you can create out of anything. And, the person who fits this statement is none other than an extraordinarily talented chef, Amaury Guichon. He creates art from pastry, doesn't it sound amazing? He has made himself known for his intricately detailed pastry creations which look more of an art than the food itself. His work is known internationally because of the jaw-dropping pastry art he creates and shares via his Instagram, followed by millions of people. Because of his extraordinary expertise, he is the host of a popular Netflix show, "School of Chocolate." Now let us know about this amazing pastry chef, Amaury Guichon.
Amaury Guichon was born on March 15, 1991, in France. Ever since Amaury was a kid, he was passionate and interested in the delicate art of pastry. As he grew up, Amaury became an Instagram star who earned a lot of fame and attention for outstanding forms of pastry making videos which he uploads on his Instagram account. At the time of writing this article, Amaury has already amassed more than 4.6 million on Instagram alone.
Amaury Guichon EARLY LIFE
Amaury spent his childhood in the Haute-Savoie region of France. It is a neighboring French-speaking part of Switzerland as well. From an early age, he was creative and imaginative. At the same time, he showed little to no interest in school and academics where he couldn't explore his talents. When he was 14 years old, he left the school to explore where could he explore his creativity and imagination.
Amaury Guichon CAREER
Chef Amaury Guichon began his culinary education at a young age. In 2005, he left to France to start working in savory (BEP) at the Ecole Hoteliere Savoie Leman at the age of 14. He trained there for more than two years.
However, he did not settle his passion to know more about the culinary arts. Thus he went back to Switzerland to train in pastry. He completed and excelled in 2 years of pastry (CAP) at Wolsberg College starting from 2007 to 2009. During this time, he secured 1st Place in the Apprentice Chocolate Showpiece Contest.
Discovering his true passion, he went to Paris for pastry education (BTM), at Lenotre, to have advanced knowledge about it. It won't be a surprise to tell that he won the gold medal of "Best Apprentice of France".
In 2011 he went back to Cannes to work in his first leadership role at the Lenotre shop. He taught classes for beginners and mentored five apprentices. In 2012 he became the Executive Chef of Hugo & Victor in Paris. After two years there, he started working in the United States at the Jean Philippe Patisserie in Las Vegas for three years.
In 2017, he branched out on his own again, to travel the world teaching his Masterclasses and extensive knowledge in the leading Culinary Academies. Today, he is the most followed Pastry Chef on Social Media in the world with millions of followers. He never settled and took risks to be one of the best in his passion for pastry making which is why he is so successful.
He is now the host of a popular Netflix TV show named School of Chocolate.
Amaury Guichon NET WORTH AND EARNING
Sponsorship: As Amaury has more than 4.6 million followers on his Instagram account, advertisers pay a certain amount for the post they make.
Considering Amaury's latest 15 posts, the average engagement rate of followers on each of his post is 7.76%. Thus, the average estimate of the amount he charges for sponsorship is between $3,504.75 – $5,841.25.
International Pastry Instructor: As one of the legendary pastry chefs in the entire world, many pastry enthusiasts are willing to pay a lot to learn from seemingly one of the best in the business. He frequently travels all around the world to share his extensive knowledge of pastry making. And there is no denying, he makes a lot of money from this frequent travel of teaching. Not just that, his book "The art of flavor" has a high number of sales which brings him a lot of money as well.
Net worth: Thus, evaluating all his income streams, explained above, over the years, and calculating it, Amaury Guichon's net worth is estimated to be around $5 million.
Amaury Guichon's WIFE, AND RELATIONSHIP
As a popular chef, it is obvious that people would want to know about his romantic life as well. Fortunately, his love life is just as good as his professional life is. At the moment, he is in a relationship with a beautiful woman named Fiona Bergson. Surprisingly, she is the camerawoman who captures the astounding masterpiece he creates. Not just that, she is the director of Pastry Academy situated in Las Vegas opened by Amaury. That shows how much they love and support each other. She is also a multi-talented person as she is a tattoo shop owner and freelance photographer. Amaury and Fiona married during the midst of the Covid-19 pandemic – in winter 2020.
It definitely won't be wrong to say that their relationship is destined to last forever. They have been an example and a lesson for couples who tend to part their ways in the smallest of things.
Amaury Guichon's HEIGHT, WEIGHT, AND BODY MEASUREMENTS
|5 feet and 10 inches
|At the moment, the information about his weight remains unknown.
|Dark Brown
|Body Measurement
|However, the detailed statistics showing his body measurements are not known.
|Body Type
Amaury Guichon's FAMILY AND EDUCATION
Father: He has not stated the identification of his dad in any of his social media until now.
Mother: He has not stated the identification of his mom in any of his social media until now.
Sibling: He has not mentioned anything about his siblings either.
Education: Amaury has extensive knowledge and expertise in his best. Firstly, he spent two years studying cooking in Thonon-Les-Bains, France. There it was where he found his passion, Pastry. To further learn about it, he took a two-year apprenticeship in Geneva, Switzerland followed by several internships. Surprisingly, his thirst to know more about it again led to enrolling in a two-year curriculum related to Advanced Pastry Skills. Now that is some resume for being a pastry chef.
Some of his haters try to pull him down with false things about him. However, he doesn't let that negativity impede his career. He manages it with positivity and composure. Moreover, he doesn't involve himself in any such circumstances that could create a negative reputation for him.
Amaury Guichon's SOCIAL MEDIA
|Followers (As of December 2021)
|7.7 million
|Not created
|4.6 million
|Not created


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Justice Olaide Ajoke Olayinka of the Lands Division, High Court of Lagos State, will today bow out of the Lagos State Judiciary.
She was the 24th judge in the hierarchy of judges.
Her exit will reduce the number of judges in the judiciary from 59 in 2018 to 54 this year.
Justice Olayinka is retiring, having attained the mandatory age of 65 and in line with the tradition of exiting on the retiring judge's birthday. She served for 11 years, 10 months and 23 days.


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Like most of the owners that Petrolicious features, Jean-Luc Outreille grew up in a car family. The way he tells it, he was destined to have an interest in cars.
When he was young, his father ran a gas station, which meant he was always surrounded by automobiles. Meanwhile, one grandfather worked as a mechanic for various automakers, and the other was an executive chauffeur. As a child, his family also took him to a variety of racetracks—from Chimay to Spa-Francorchamps and even Nivelles-Baulers.
But while his family mostly drove sedans, Outreille says the car that always caught his attention was a coupe. Specifically, the Bertone-styled Alfa Romeo GTA. Due to their generally poor condition, though, he could never justify buying one. Until he saw his perfect car in an online ad.
It was a 1968 Alfa Romeo GTA 1300 Junior in Ochre yellow. Once he laid eyes on it, he says he couldn't resist. Outreille finally fulfilled the dream he'd had since the 1970s. He became a 1300 Junior owner.


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Our History
Built in 1882, St. Edward's Hall is one of the oldest buildings on campus (and still one of the best).
Learn More
Everything you need to know to prepare for life at St. Edward's Hall and the University of Notre Dame.
Learn More
Hall Leadership
Learn more about your handpicked St. Edward's Hall leadership team for the 2018-19 school year.
Learn More
A daily blog of the life and times of St. Edward's Hall


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Salvatore Martirano
We Don't Have Any Music Video Credits in Our Database for Salvatore Martirano …Yet
Welcome to IMVDb, an online collaborative music video database. is in our database of artists, people, and companies, but we currently do not have any music video credits for yet.
If you have some music videos or other credits to add for , you can add them to an existing video or add a new video for .
Do you represent Salvatore Martirano? Apply to manage this page here.


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This is not a comprehensive guide to the "right" language to use when discussing trans topics, and these topics are subject to change just like any aspect of language. But to start off, let's start with a metaphor. Let's say you're explaining the three states of matter that water can take: ice, water, and water vapor.Continue reading
Am I Trans?
The short answer: I can't tell you. In a masterstroke of unhelpfulness, I have to tell you the truth: only you can decide if you're trans. Even then, there isn't a definitive test to find out. So instead of telling you if you're trans, I'm going to give you a few questions to meditate on and some experiments to try out.
Be an A+ Ally
So someone you care about has just come out to you as trans. You have been trusted with a great honor and responsibility. As a trans ally you can be the support that helps your loved one navigate their own path to living authentically.
Maybe you want to help, but don't know how. Here are a few suggestions.
Trans Starter Pack
Congratulations on coming out as trans! I know that's gonna sound sarcastic, but I swear it isn't. Even if you've only come out to yourself, you've done a brave thing, and I'm proud of you.
Being trans is especially hard at first. The way I got through was finding resources, role models, and community. There will be many more resource lists to come, but here are the basics I think every trans person should know about.


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Poroshenko: Ukrainians keep your powder dry
President Petro Poroshenko said that the Ukrainian military is able to repel the aggressor and not advise anybody to check them out. He said this during transfer of contributorily radars to the Armed forces of Ukraine, which was broadcast channel "112 Ukraine". "Today counterbattery station efficient station, very help Ukrainian troops to protect the homeland. They help Ukrainian soldiers to see every shot of the Russian-terrorist forces.


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A difficult climate: New study examines the media's response to the IPCC
The UN Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) periodically releases Assessment Reports in order to inform policymakers and the public about the latest scientific evidence on climate change. The publication of each report is a key event in the debate about climate change, but their reception and coverage in the media has varied widely.
A study, published today in the journal Nature Climate Change, has for the first time analysed how Twitter, TV and newspapers reported the IPCC's climate evidence. Understanding how media coverage varies is important because people's knowledge and opinions on climate change are influenced by how the media reports on the issue.
The study found that there were markedly different ways in which the media portrayed the IPCC's latest findings. The researchers investigated this through studying the frames (ways of depicting an issue) the different media sources used to emphasise some aspects of climate change, whilst downplaying others. They also found large differences in how much coverage each Working Group received (the IPCC has three, which focus on the physical science, impacts and adaptation, and mitigation respectively).
The researchers found ten different frames used to communicate climate change: Settled Science, Political or Ideological Struggle, Role of Science, Uncertain Science, Disaster, Security, Morality and Ethics, Opportunity, Economics and Health. The first five frames were used to communicate the IPCC reports much more frequently - whereas the latter frames were not used much at all.
Dr Saffron O'Neill, lead author of the study from the University of Exeter said: "We know that some of these frames are more engaging for audiences than others: for example, the Opportunity or Health frames are both effective at linking the distant issue of climate change to peoples' everyday life. But these kinds of frames are little used in newspaper coverage, on TV, or on Twitter."
The study suggests that the availability of visual content and accessible storylines played a big part in how IPCC science was reported by the media. The authors argue that these findings need to inform how future IPCC Assessment Reports are communicated, in order that policymakers and the public are better informed.
More information: 'Dominant frames in legacy and social media coverage of the IPCC Fifth Assessment Report' by Saffron O'Neill, Hywel T.P Williams, Tim Kurz, Bouke Wiersma and Maxwell Boykoff is published today in Nature Climate Change.
Journal information: Nature Climate Change
Provided by University of Exeter