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At 8 p.m. on Oct. 30, 1938, a 23-year-old Orson Welles went live on the air from Mercury Theater with his original radio play titled, "War of the Worlds."
Despite the dramatization being introduced as a presentation of Columbia Broadcasting System and Mercury Theater, many listeners misunderstood the broadcast and believed the Earth was being invaded by aliens.
The radio play began with an introduction by Welles which led into a weather report. Coverage then moved to the "Meridian Room at the Hotel Park Plaza in downtown New York," but was interrupted by a report saying Professor Farrell of the Mount Jenning Observatory detected explosions on Mars.
The next report was that a large meteor had crashed in a farmer's field in Grovers Mill -- a section of West Windsor -- which is where the Paradelphia Radio crew did their own live radio broadcast from on Oct. 29, the night before the 77th anniversary of Welles' historic broadcast.
No, they didn't broadcast from the actual field.
They set up the Toxic Radio equipment at the Grover's Mill Coffee House -- a "War of the Worlds"-themed cafe in the town of Grover's Mill.
The Grover's Mill Coffee Company is dedicated to the memory of that 1938 broadcast and the lasting impression it made on American history and society.
"In remembering this fateful broadcast, we are harkened back to a time of innocence and wonder, when indeed, anything seemed possible," reads the coffee house's website.
When Franc Gambatese, owner of the Grover's Mill Coffee House, and his partner -- his wife Mickey -- decided to get into the coffee business about 10 years ago, they wanted to open a shop that had local flair.
"I"ve always been drawn to the 'War of the Worlds,'" Gambatese said. "I did my senior thesis on 'War of the Worlds' as a broadcast major."
When he was a child, Gambatese remembers watching the 1973 ABC movie, "The Night That Panicked America" with his father.
"I remember him telling me that it really happened," he said. "In the 70s, it just seemed so ridiculous, but in 1938, radio was the cutting edge of technology."
So, the Gambatese's decided to dedicate their coffee shop to the famous 1938 broadcast.
"We were driving through the area and saw the barn that said Grover's Mill on the side," Franc Gambatese said. "But what I saw was Grover's Mill Coffee Company."
And the alien encounter coffee shop was born.
With a large collection of "War of the Worlds" memorabilia, including a large painting depicting the alien craft smashed into the Grover's Mill barn, the coffee shop has everything from letters written to and from Orson Welles after the broadcast, retro photographs from 1938, and autographed items from actors who appeared in movies inspired by the radio broadcast.
"I got an email from Ann Robinson, the starlette of the 1953 'War of the Worlds' movie," Gambatese said. "She said she was coming to Comic Con and wanted to see if we could give her a tour of Grover's Mill."
Robinson told Gambatese that the majority of her career was built from her appearance in "War of the Worlds" and she felt she needed to complete her journey with a tour of the place where the invasion had originally occurred.
"She was so thrilled," he remembered.
When they completed the tour, Robinson opened the trunk of her car, and took out "War of the Worlds" movie cards, posters, and other pieces of memorabilia.
"She signed every one of them by hand and gave them to us," Gambatese said.
Every year, Robinson sends more "War of the Worlds" collectibles to the Gambatese's coffee shop.
"She didn't have to do any of that," he said. "That's my favorite stuff because of the connection."
During the "War of the Worlds" broadcast, the newcaster -- actor -- described the Martians as resembling a "gray snake."
"Now here's another and another one and another one," the announcer said. "They look like tentacles to me. I can see the thing's body now. It's large, large as a bear. It glistens like wet leather. But that face -- it...it...ladies and gentlemen, it's undescribable. I can hardly force myself to keep looking at it it's so awful. The eyes are black and gleam like a serpent. The mouth is kind of V-shaped with saliva dripping from its rimless lips that seem to quiver and pulsate."
This description, along with the rest of the realistic broadcast with sophisticated sound effects and experienced actors, caused approximately a million radio listeners to go into a severe panic.
Terrified New Jersey residents jammed highways trying to escape the alien invasion in their state, while the rest of the country awaited their impending fate.
"Two people killed themselves," Gambatese said he had heard from unconfirmed reports. "No one died here in town, but one resident, in a panic to get out of town, accidentally hung his dog by throwing him over the fence and his leash got caught. Then he drove his car through the garage door."
One report said a woman in Indianapolis ran into a church that was holding evening services and announced that New York had been destroyed by an alien attack.
"It's the end of the world," she yelled. "Go home and prepare to die."
When Welles discovered people were in a real-life panic due to his broadcast, he went on the air himself to remind listeners that "War of the Worlds" was simply a fictional radio play.
The Federal Communications Commission investigated the broadcast, but found that Welles and Mercury Theater had broken no laws.
Grover's Mill Coffee House will host a live broadcast and discussion of the original "War of the Worlds" broadcast on radiooncemore.com on Oct. 30 at 7 p.m., and a "War of the Worlds" re-enactment with actor Michael Jarmus on Oct. 31 at 7:30 p.m.
If you missed Paradelphia's broadcast from Grover's Mill Coffee House, catch the podcast at paradelphia.com on Nov. 2.
Grover's Mill Coffee House is located at 335 Princeton Hightstown Road in West Windsor.
For more information, visit www.groversmillcoffee.com.
Kelly Roncace may be reached at email@example.com. Follow her on Twitter @kellyroncace. Find the South Jersey Times on Facebook.


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A decimal makes all the difference.
A gas station manager in Northern California learned this the hard way when he was fired after accidentally setting the gas price to 69 U.S. cents a gallon, equivalent to approximately 20 cents per litre.
According to an ABC affiliate local news station, John Szczecina, the manager of a Shell gas station in Rancho Cordova, Calif., mistakenly placed the decimal point in the incorrect location when pricing gas for the day.
The gas was intended to be priced at US$6.99 per gallon.
"I put all three prices on there, except the diesel. The last one kind of didn't go. So, I just took responsibility for it and said yeah, it's my fault," Szczecina told KFSN.
According to CBS Sacramento, the gas was priced at 69 cents for three hours before the mistake was discovered.
Hundreds of undoubtedly excited drivers were able to fill up on the cheap gas. CBS reported many locals called their friends and family to share news about the unprecedented gas price.
Amid his termination from the gas station, a GoFundMe was created to help Szczecina pay for the lost profit.
KFSN originally reported the mistake cost the gas station $16,000 in losses (approximately $20,770 in Canadian funds). However, on the GoFundMe page, Paula Jackson — who writes that she is Szczecina's sister — said the total was $20,000 (approximately $25,860).
The GoFundMe claims Szczecina is fearful of being sued by the gas station for the error.
As of this writing, the GoFundMe page has reached just over $6,000 of its $16,000 goal.
Across the border in Canada, gas prices continue to spike.
According to CAA, the national average gas price on Wednesday was more than $2 per litre.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
2018 S Trolley Silver Kennedy Reverse Proof First Day of Issue FDI NGC PF70
Presenting the iconic Kennedy 50c piece in the second series of Reversed Proof along with the coveted First Day of Release label. All slabs and coins were checked under a 30x loop which shows no scratches or spotting & are absolutely stunning under soft, direct lighting. Thank you for visiting and for your considerations. If you enjoy fine quality silver & gold items, please take a quick look at our Other Items.. First Day Of Issue. Designation always demand a higher premium. In order to secure yourself a. From one of the United States Mint locations. The item "2018 S Trolley Silver Kennedy Reverse Proof First Day of Issue FDI NGC PF70″ is in sale since Sunday, April 7, 2019. This item is in the category "Coins & Paper Money\Coins\ US\Half Dollars\Kennedy (1964-Now)". The seller is "gsi3106″ and is located in Torrance, California. This item can be shipped to United States.
- Year: 2018
- Modified Item: No
- Grade: PF 70
- Denomination: 50C
- Mint Location: San Francisco
- Country/Region of Manufacture: United States
- Circulated/Uncirculated: Uncirculated
- Strike Type: Reverse Proof
- Certification: NGC
- Composition: Silver


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Here is the Honda CRF450R Extreme Edition, this bike is very detailed and will replace the Sanchez within GTA San Andreas. This bike is highly detailed and is an excellent bike that is fun to ride in game. This Honda CRF450R was created by Th3 ProphetMan & Coverted to GTA : SA by Caipi. Please note that it is highly recommended that you back up any files just incase, either you do not like this modification or this messes up your game.
Required Files IMG Tool V2
Honda CRF450R extreme Edition final original von Th3 ProphetMan, konvertiert von caipi =================================================== Vehicles.ide: 468, sanchez, sanchez, bike, DIRTBIKE, SANCHEZ, biked, motorbike, 5, 0, 0, 23, 0.68, 0.62, -1 Handling.cfg: none =================================================== bugs: alle bugs fixed :-) =================================================== Kontakt: Caipi ([email protected]) 26.11.2005 15:26
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Colorado State women 10th, men 11th in NCAA cross country regional
The Colorado State women's cross country team finished 10th and the men 11th Friday at the NCAA Mountain Regional Championships in Salt Lake City.
Neither team placed high enough in what is traditionally the strongest regional in the country to advance to the national championships Nov. 23 in Terre Haute, Indiana. The top two teams in each region earn automatic berths to the national championships, with the next several teams eligible for at-large selections.
The CSU women finished with a team score of 281, well behind winner BYU (70). CSU's Mountain West rivals New Mexico (83) and Air Force (107) finished second and third in the 19-team field.
Lily Tomasula-Martin led the way for the CSU women, finishing 23rd overall. She covered the 6-kilometer course at Rose Park Golf Course in 20 minutes, 38.4 seconds. CSU also counted finishes of 58th from Sarah Carter (21:31.1), 63rd from Devon Peterson (21:35.0), 64th from Ashlyn Hillyard (21:35.1) and 73rd from Lauren Offerman (21:51.6).
New Mexico teammates Weini Kelati (18:58.7) and Edna Kurgat (19:55.9) went 1-2 in the women's race.
The CSU men finished with a team score of 279. Northern Arizona was the winner with 21 points, followed by Colorado (53) and BYU (56).
Satchel Caldwell was the top finisher for the CSU men, placing 32nd. He completed the 10-kilometer race in 31:27.4. The Rams also counted finishes of 52nd from Maximilliano Martinez (31:59.2), 57th from Matt Begeman (32:02.0); 81st from Jacob Brueckman (32:55.1) and 83rd from Michael Mooney (32:59.3).
Northern Arizona swept the top three spots in the men's race. Geordie Beamish won in 30:25.6, Luis Grijalva was second in 30:37.8 and Brodey Hasty third in 30:30.8.
Kelly Lyell covers CSU and other local sports and sports-related news for the Coloradoan. Follow him at twitter.com/KellyLyell and facebook.com/KellyLyell.news and help support the work he and his fellow journalists do in our community by purchasing a subscription at coloradoan.com/subscribe.


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GCR doesn't support basic authentication like other registries that conform to the Docker registry spec? How can I add credentials to the Vendor Portal for GCR?
How do I add private GCP Google Container Registry (GCR) images in my application?
Replicated allows for integration with the Google Container Registry (GCR) through the JSON Key authentication mechanism.
In Google Cloud Platform you must first set up a Service Account with permissions to pull from the GCR repo by giving that account the "Storage Object Viewer" role.
You can then create a JSON key from that Service Account. When prompted for key type, make sure to select "JSON" before creating. After clicking create, a JSON file will be downloaded in your browser. This file will be used in the next step.
Under your application in the Replicated Vendor Portal, you will have the option of adding external registries. Under Username you must specify "_json_key". Use the contents of the key file, omitting line breaks, in the field Password. Email Address in this case is ignored. Please note that GCR has multiple hostnames which are not interchangeable, so be sure to add the correct one to the Endpoint field.
Once you have added GCR as an external registry you can use the image in your Kubernetes manifests.
I'll add for removing whitespace from the JSON Key file,
jq is quite handy:
cat ~/downloads/replicated-1321312asa.json | jq -r -c -M . | pbcopy
How should it look on the yaml file?
- source: replicated
name: api
tag: v2.28.0
# kind: scheduler-kubernetes
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
- name: replicatedregistrykey
- name: globekeeper-api
image: gcr.io/globekeeper-production/api:v2.28.0
Gives me the following error:
Failed to pull registry.replicated.com/globekeeper/api:v2.28.0: API error (404): {"message":"manifest for registry.replicated.com/globekeeper/api:v2.28.0 not found: manifest unknown: Manifest not found"}


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Full Moon in Virgo
It's that magical time of the Full Moon again! One of my favorite nights of the month. It's just so special for me to be under the moon beams of the Full Moon.
It's the first of two full moons this month. Just like January, March has two full moons. On the 1st and the 31st. February was a Black Moon. Meaning there wasn't a Full Moon at all the entire month. That doesn't happen very often.
This Full Moon is known as the Full Crow Moon or the Full Worm Moon. It's a symbolic sign that the ground is beginning to warm. It's a true sign that Spring is nearing.
Tonight's Full Moon is in the sign of Virgo. The healer of the signs. The sign of service. You may find yourself in need of support in these areas. It could be a great time to schedule some self care. An energy healing session, a massage, or a meditation class. You may be in need of some service of your own or know someone that does. Invest in your own life improvements or just lend a helping hand. Commit to just one act of kindness and see the momentum change.
You may notice that the Full Moon is shedding some light on areas of your life that could use a "Spring Cleaning". Full moons are a time to purge and let go. With March having 2 full moons, consider cleaning up areas in your life that need change. Be a little more mindful around this time. Pay attention to your intuition and listen to what it has to say. This is a very guiding Full Moon. It will be shifting you towards the life you have been manifesting. Help clear the way by letting go of what you no longer need and make room for all that you do.
It's going to be a very energetic start to March. Use this energy in your favor. Let go of what you need to, purge through your wardrobe, start on your Spring cleaning projects, but be sure to take care of you too. It's a great time for self care. A little massage and meditation does the mind and body good! Charge those crystals too! You'll want to harness this Full Moon's energy for sure.
Happy Full Moon, my friends!


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Nigeria not doing enough to help Quadri, says Obisanya
Former National Table Tennis Coach, Babatunde Obisanya, has blamed the country for not doing enough to support Aruna Quadri, leading to his unfortunate loss to Germany's Ruwen Filus at the just concluded International Table Tennis Federation (ITTF) World Tour, Hungarian Open.
Quadri, ranked number 25th in the world, was shown the exit door by Filus (56th) during the grueling quarterfinal match that ended 11-9, 14-12, 2-11, 11-9, 6-11, 4-11, 12-10 in favour of the German.
Speaking to The Guardian yesterday, Obisanya said the fact that Quadri lost to a lower ranked player at the Hungary Open is not new, as there is room for upsets in the game of sports. According to Obisanya, moral support for Quadri would have gone a long way in boosting his game.
"Losing to a lower ranked player can never be ruled out in the game of sports. After all, a much lower ranked player knocked out the number one tennis star, Andy Murray. Even the same thing happened to Novak Djokovic at the Australia Open. But the question is why was nobody there with Quadri. I believe that the person who is in the best position to tell us that is the president of the Nigeria Table Tennis Federation.
"Though a combination of so many factors could have led to that, which include lack of funds. It is one thing for the president of the federation to make a request that somebody should be there with him (I am just assuming), and may be the government did not listen to him. Sending someone there would have been a way of encouraging him," he said.
The former table tennis star, who added that the same scenario can also be painted of other sports, said lack of support in form of funding was not peculiar to table tennis alone.


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Santa is getting ready for the holidays, making the toys for all the children. This festive sweater shows Santa in his workshop, there's even a dog on the back with a stocking. This sweater is perfect for spreading holiday cheer and excitement for Santa to come. This is a womens cut sweater. Condition: Pre-owned. Garment measurements: Chest/bust=46". Length=28".
We are a participant in affiliate advertising programs including the Amazon Services LLC Associates Programs which is designed to provide a means for sites to earn advertising fees by advertising and linking to Amazon.com.


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There are lessons within the lessons taught in biology to literature to philosophy classes at Western Oregon University. And each lesson can provide us with guidance, insight and knowledge during this uncertain time.
Today at WOU asked faculty to share with students and employees some perspective from their subject matter to help us navigate our new normalcy since the coronavirus (COVID-19) has currently disrupted the patterns of our daily lives.
Their words can help us to chart a course to gracefully rise to the challenge and learn valuable lessons from this moment in history. Here is part one of a three-part series with interviews from Paul Disney and Sue Monahan.
Business and Economics
Paul Disney, an adjunct professor in the Business and Economics Division, offered leadership advice on how managers can guide their employees during the coronavirus crisis.
Disney advises people in leadership roles to be exceedingly human, persistent and creative.
"Crises provide an opportunity for people to come to know one another and establish bonds that will endure long after the crisis is over," Disney said.
Leaders should demonstrate their concern for the fears and anxieties that their staff is experiencing, not only professionally and economically, but socially and personally, he said.
"Even though you don't have definitive answers to all their questions, don't let that keep you from listening to them and empathizing with their fears," Disney said. "And, contrary to conventional wisdom, you should not be hesitant to share your own concerns with your people. They want to know that they can relate to you, and that they are not alone in their concerns."
When people are isolated, communication is more important than ever. "No one will look back at this time and say their manager was annoying with all the encouraging emails checking in on me," he said.
He cautions managers to avoid seeming cold or impersonal or trying to do business as usual.
"These unprecedented times call for you to stretch beyond your normal comfort zones and be even more vulnerable than usual," Disney said. "Six months from now, you'll look back and be glad you did."
As a sociologist, Associate Provost Sue Monahan often thinks about social capital, which is a kind of productive capacity that rests in communities, not individuals.
"When communities have shared norms, dense networks of interaction and high levels of trust, they are able to mobilize that social capital towards solving problems," Monahan said. "When those things are missing, we are hard pressed to do anything effective as a group. I believe that social capital in the WOU community is strong."
Let's keep the lessons going. If you would like to share your thoughts, please email Kristine Thomas.


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The very first touring trip I did in Japan was in 2007, and I've done many more since then. Over the years I've gathered a whole bunch of data as well as personal experiences that I thought would be useful to put into a blogpost. Hopefully someone will find this useful. I tried to categorize things a bit, so here goes.
The language
First, to get the obvious thing out of the way, I speak Japanese and can read enough of it to be useful for a cycling trip. I think this is a huge help for me, but I have no evidence of the contrary because I don't know anyone who's cycling in Japan without knowing the language. Japanese people are extremely helpful and friendly and will do anything they can to help you find a camp site or point you in the right direction. I can't even count the number of times random people have come up to me and given me food or drinks. They're great people. That said, I don't doubt that being able to speak Japanese will reduce the barrier to conversation and make it easier for people to connect with you. Quite frequently people ask me where I came from and where I'm going, how much kilometers I'm doing in a day, etc. I can imagine such a conversation is more difficult to start if it's in English, since a lot of Japanese people are still shy about their level of English. I'd recommend learning at least a few words and phrases for basic conversation. Words like 'camp site', where', 'left', 'right' are hugely useful. Still though, in this day and age, if you have offline maps and a bunch of placemarks on your phone then you can easily get away with not knowing any Japanese. I'd still recommend learning at least a bit of it though. Trips are more fun if you can talk to the locals.
Trip planning
First tip about trip planning: don't :) . That is, don't plan your every day schedule way in advance. I usually plan the starting point and destination and roughly the route/area I want to go through, but I don't make detailed plans until one or two days before the actual cycle. That gives me the freedom to change course or even go somewhere completely different, or linger in a place that I like a bit longer. Touring is absolutely more fun this way.
Japan allows this kind of trip style because 1) hotels and camp sites are readily available wherever you are and rarely full, and 2) there's always the option of sending your bicycle via Kuroneko delivery service to the airport (or anywhere) if you end up running out of time. Kuronekos are everywhere, and while your bike is in transit you can catch the Shinkansen back. One thing I will definitely advise against is to bag your bike and carry it with you in trains. I'm not even sure if the Shinkansen allows it, and besides, a touring bike is heavy, and so is your luggage. Cycle as much as you can, all the way to the airport if possible. Bagging the bike never takes me more than 2 hours even in the worst case scenario so if you arrive at the airport a little early that's plenty of time.
Airports and flights
Take a direct flight! Direct flights mean less people handling your bicycle, and that's absolutely worth the extra cost of a direct flight. You don't want your bike to be broken on arrival. I took Turkish airlines to Japan once, with a stopover in Istanbul, and my bicycle frame got bent on the flight in and the flight out. Never again.
If you're using a soft case, on the last day of cycling, try to carry around some spare bits of cardboard to pad your bike's sensitive bits with. Always carry a roll of duct tape with you. I've actually hardly ever had to use it, but feel comforted just having it with me. Be sure to get the airport people to put a fragile tag on your bike, and preferably a 'this side up' tag as well. I also duct-tape a giant arrow on each side of my bag to make sure it's obvious which side is the top.
Day to day cycling - what to expect
Japan does not have a lot of dedicated cycling paths, and in areas where there dedicated paths, they're not always right for touring. Japanese cycling paths are made for mamachari bikes. They're often narrow, bumpy, and cross a lot of roads with a little bump on entry and exit. Definitely not ideal for touring. I'm not saying you shouldn't go on these, because sometimes you'll end up on a beautiful stretch of coastal cycling road, devoid of cars and with a beautiful view that you couldn't get from the road. But when it doesn't work out it's perfectly ok to head back onto the main road and make some speed. I've never seen a cycling path in a mountainous area so chances are that even on a touring bike you'll be able to make better progress on the main road than on a cycling road. It's a tradeoff though, just give it a try. Also, most useful things, such as conbinis (convenience stores), vending machines and restaurants tend to be on the main road, not the cycling path.
That leads to probably the most important tip I can give you: always stay on the road! You're allowed to cycle on sidewalks in Japan, and occasionally, in the countryside, there'll be a beautiful wide sidewalk with no one on it. But don't go there! Because you'll regret it. The sidewalk will get narrower and narrower until your wide touring bike won't fit any more and you'll have to carry it over some barriers to get back onto the main road. Sidewalks are also always bumpier and have drops whenever a road intersects with it. Lastly, it's just more dangerous, because inevitably there'll be a point where you'll be rejoining the main road, and you need to make very sure that drivers see you when you're going from sidewalk to main road.
The safest and most comfortable position for a touring cyclist is on the road. Close to the left-most bit, but not too close. On very narrow roads I tend to be well to the right of the white line to make sure that cars don't attempt to pass me when I think it's too dangerous for them to pass me. On wider roads I try to stick to the left of the white line if possible, leaving myself some space to maneuver around obstacles. There's always grates, little bumps or other things that suddenly pop up that you'll have to evade. If you leave yourself enough space to do that then that's no problem.
Quite frequently a road's asphalt is worn down by the countless trucks passing over it, and will have a little valley where each truck's tires hit the asphalt, pushing it to the side and creating a narrow ridge right where bicycles usually feel at home. It's flat-out dangerous to cycle on this ridge. Stay to the right of the it and just drive in the valley, even if that means taking a wider line. Cars and trucks will have to navigate around you and it will be harder for them to overtake, but in my opinion it's their fault that the road ended up like that anyway, so that kinda balances out.
Day to day cycling - some numbers
Distance: I rarely do less than 60 kilometers per day, even on hilly days. The days that I do less than 60 km is because I am setting up for the next day, or because there's an interesting thing I want to see on the way. If you don't have any other plans or things blocking you, plan to do at least 60 a day. The most I've done was 160 km in one day but that was a fluke: just a very long coastal road with the wind in the right direction and not much interesting to see along the way. I wouldn't recommend doing more than 100 kilometers a day. Probably around 80 km is my personal sweet spot. It largely depends on how hilly the terrain is as well. If you're climbing all day then 60 kilometers is already quite an accomplishment.
Speaking of climbing: inclines! Most major coastal roads in Japan don't have inclines over 6%, and 6% is definitely doable by even an unfit person in the lowest gear of his/her touring bike. But there's a lot of qualifiers in that statement: most, major and coastal. You'll definitely encounter inclines of around 10% if you go into the mountains or on smaller roads, or even some coastal roads in more rural areas of Japan. There's something even worse though, something that you're very likely to encounter on a touring trip: the slopes that lead up to a hotel or youth hostel. Those are the absolute worst, and can easily get up to 15-20%. If you can avoid it, don't ever push your bike up a hill! You'll be using different muscles, which may feel like it's less of an effort, but only for a very short while. After that you'll end up being even more exhausted. Just select the lowest gear you have and start cycling, even if it's only at walking pace. If you feel like you can do more, just slowly work your way up the gears as you're climbing. But more often than not you'll find yourself being overly optimistic about what gear you can do. Just take it easy.
For that matter, try not to stand on the pedals. I know it looks cool and it's a great way of powering over a small hill, but hills are seldom small in Japan, and when you're touring you need that energy for the rest of the distance. Just keep a steady rhythm and a sustainable pace.
I hate tunnels so much. They're the absolutely worst place to cycle, yet they're completely unavoidable in Japan. Even if you're sticking to the coast, some coastal areas are just so mountainous that the only way to get from A to B is a single road with at least one long tunnel on it. Expect tunnels of at least 500 meters, but tunnels of up to 2-3 kilometers long are also not uncommon. They tend to be quite narrow: cars coming up behind you will have difficulty passing you if there's oncoming traffic. It'll also be cold and very noisy, so you won't be feeling comfortable in there. Dirt and debris tends to get left behind in tunnels so the side of the road tends to be more difficult to cycle on.
Before entering, always turn on your lights, preferably in super-annoying blink mode. You can't afford to have a car not see you. The front light is important too because some idiots like to overtake in tunnels, and the last thing you want is an oncoming car hitting you full frontal. Most tunnels in Japan are somewhat lit, but a lot of drivers still don't turn their lights on in tunnels, so it's up to you to make them aware that you're there. Take a fairly wide line, staying away from the debris on the side, and actively block drivers from overtaking you if you think there's not enough space to overtake. Sometimes when I know a long tunnel is coming up I stop just before the tunnel to put on my wind-blocking coat, which makes tunnels a lot more comfortable.
Don't worry about inclines. Tunnels are almost often at the top of a climb, or only have a very slight incline. If you do end up in a tunnel with a bit of a climb, don't worry about cars too much, just take it easy going up the hill. It's very easy to feel stressed out about exhausting yourself in a tunnel, but it's worse to actually exhaust yourself and have to stop to catch your breath. Slow and steady.
Lastly, the best way to deal with tunnels is to not take them. Quite often there's a side road that will go around the mountain or hill that the tunnel is crossing. These old roads are often closed down or converted to bicycle-use only. They might be a bit more of a climb, but they're always worth it compared to the stress you get from cycling in tunnels. Alternatively, when you're doing pre-cycling-day research, try to find a route that avoids the tunnels altogether. Even if it's up to 10 kilometers detour I'd say it's still likely to be worth it. Think about it: a lovely path that follows a river slowly upwards over 10 kilometers, with vending machines and beautiful nature along the way, or being cold and miserable in a tunnel for several kilometers? I know which one I prefer. Lastly, do watch out for mountain roads with crazy steep inclines.
Places to stay
Business hotels. Business hotels are awesome. They offer private rooms for affordable prices. They're always clean and predictably always the same no matter where you go. If something says business hotel then you know exactly what you're going to get. I know it's not as glamorous as staying in a traditional ryokan or camping out in the wild, but it's just so damn convenient. During all my trips the places I stayed at the most were business hotels. Use the booking.com app using the free wifi you get from 7-11 or Family mart to book a business hotel nearby. If you book on the day you arrive you sometimes get discounted rates too.
The booking.com app is not the cheapest though, since the cheaper business hotels tend to not do booking.com. It's usually enough to just cycle to a town's train station, where there will inevitably be all the business hotels. If you're in a big town or city there'll be loads and one of them will have a free room. If you're in a small town there might only be one, but that will also have a free room since small towns seldom get a lot of visitors. Unless it's golden week. Fuck golden week. Do not go to Japan during golden week, or pre-book your stays during golden week, preferably to be far away from any tourist spot. It just gets crazy busy.
I should talk about ryokans (Japanese inns). They're... quirky. You never know what you get if you stay at a ryokan. The major plus for me is that, whenever I'm traveling in Japan and really can't find anything else, there's somehow always a ryokan nearby. The best way to find one is to ask the locals when you're at your destination. They tend to be old, family-run, sometimes with onsen. The rooms are tatami and everything creaks and there's usually no other guests around. Or perhaps that's just my experience. It's quite fun, but also... challenging, somehow. Still, would recommend.
Hostels: use Japan Youth Hostel. They're great. Run by Japanese people, always in useful locations in interesting buildings, and you meet a lot of local people there with interesting stories to tell. Don't go to any other international/youth hostel. They tend to be run by foreigners and attract the cheapest kind of tourist.
A trip wouldn't be fun if it was just business hotels and hostels, though. Sometimes you'll want to go camping! There's a lot of camping sites in Japan. In earlier trips I used to ask around for 'a place to set up my tent for one night', avoiding the words 'camp site', because camp site in Japanese implies making a camp fire, doing a barbecue and generally being loud and annoying, which no local wants. But if they see that you're a traveler who will be out of their way again the next morning you might get some interesting recommendations. I've camped (with permission) in front of a hotel, at a temple and at a private camp site on an island which was not officially open yet because it was "still too cold". All fantastic experiences.
If you're pre-planning your endpoint for the day then I recommend checking Google Maps for camp sites in the area and marking them on offline maps, then you don't have to ask the locals. Or at the very least you'll know that there's options. During my last trip I marked all camping sites on the entire route I was thinking of taking, from beginning to end, so I knew I always had options. I was betrayed once by a camp site that did indeed exist and was available, but it was crazy expensive, so I had to go somewhere else. That's way worse than a camp site that's closed, cause you can always camp out at a closed camp site if you're quiet and don't cause trouble.
..which leads to the last option: camping out at places other than official camp sites. It's a great way of saving money, but really, I wouldn't do it. Your average 'sanctioned' camp site will cost about 1000-1500 yen, and a shitty business hotel (which is way more comfortable than any camping) will set you back around 5000 yen. Not crazy prices. But if you do find yourself in the middle of nowhere with no hotels, hostels or camp sites nearby, there's always options. Rivers are your best bet. They snake through the landscape and often leave free areas around them that are great for setting up a tent. Under a bridge might seem like a good idea, but I'd recommend against that. The one time I tried that it was just damn noisy and I was worried that someone would show up and chase me away. Beaches are also a good option, but it's tricky to find a remote one that also has a safe (eg. not-sea-level) area that you can put your tent on. In any case, a little prep work means you can avoid all this hassle.
Seriously though, there are loads of cheap hotels in Japan, even in the middle of nowhere, and they almost always have availability. I take my tent with me because I enjoy the flexibility and I enjoy camping every once in a while, but if you're not into that you'll have no trouble at all just sticking to hotels, youth hostels and ryokans.
Weight / Loadout
Short answer: don't worry about carrying too much, and be sure to put a fair bit of it in your front panniers, so that your bike will feel nice and stable.
You'll inevitably be carrying too much things with you. Tools you don't need, too many spare tires, too many clothes, that one camera or lens you think you might use once but end up never using, and so on. Rather than forcing yourself to to go ultra-lightweight, just pack what you need, or whatever fits comfortably inside your panniers. In my case I've got:
- One front pannier for tent and sleeping bag - full.
- One front pannier for only clothes - full.
- One rear pannier with sleeping mat and bike stuff (spare tires, pump, rain wear, duct tape etc.) - maybe 80% full.
- One rear pannier with day stuff: wind coat, food, bike lock, sometimes a DSLR for easy access - maybe 70% full.
- A backpack with electronics and documents and things, bound down on top of the rear rack.
- The soft travel bag that the disassembled bike goes into is quite huge and goes under the saddle. I used to have a smaller bike bag and a bigger sleeping mat, but they swapped places.
Even if you've decided to not carry a tent, sleeping bag and/or sleeping mat with you, I'd still recommend taking four panniers with you. The reason for this is that the balance of the bike will just be so much better with a bit of weight in front. If you've got two ultra-heavy rear panniers and a backpack on top of that you'll end up with a dangerously light front wheel, which will trip you up at some point, most likely when you're putting in some leg muscle at the start of a steep incline, but also at higher speeds after a nice downhill. My bike feels a million times better with two panniers at the front pushing the front tire to the road.
The weather.. is fantastic! Usually. That said, do not cycle on rain days. Seriously. If you can avoid it in any way, don't cycle on rain days. It's just not fun, at least not for me. I ride a bicycle to have fun, enjoy and see beautiful scenery and sights along the way. The rain ruins all of that. Better to wait a day and see things when they're dry. That said, I have been foolish enough to cycle during the rain from time to time. From the last trip, 3 out of 30 days were rain cycle days, and 2 of those 3 were avoidable. (The unavoidable day was cycling to the airport, for which I still preferred rain cycling to bagging the bike and taking a train).
If the rain is only a little then you can probably get away with cycling. It's very unpredictable though. I was frequently checking the weather report at convenience stores during my last trip, and even when the rain radar showed that the rain was over there were still some scattered showers, some strong enough to seriously soak me. But light rain dries very quickly thanks to the wind, so if you're in a fairly built-up area you can risk cycling in light rain and stop at a convience store or restaurant or cafe when it gets heavier.
Rain coats don't help in heavy rain. If you're cycling on a touring bike you will sweat, and if you're wearing a raincoat you'll sweat more and faster. Wear it or don't wear it, you'll be uncomfortable either way. Seriously, just don't cycle. Spend a day walking around town, catch up with blogging or go see a famous temple or shrine. You can even take a train to another town and sightsee there.
Your bike won't like rain either. My panniers are fairly waterproof but still the bottom bit gets a little soaked. And everything gets dirty. Mud gets everywhere when it's raining, all over the panniers, in the chain, in my shoes. It's a good idea to clean the chain and re-grease it after a day of rain cycling.
Yup, I think that's all I can think of right now. Most importantly:
- Always stay on the road. Don't take the sidewalk. Don't go out of the way for cars. They need to go out of the way for you.
- Never cycle in the rain. Because wet.
- Don't plan ahead. At least not too much. Randomness is part of the challenge :)
Update 2016/06/12: fixed some wording, added Weight / Loadout section.


text:
Media Outlet:Popular Mechanics
Publication Date:
Popular Mechanics reporter Kyro Mitchell spotlights how MIT researchers have created a new material, inspired by camel fur, that could be used to help insulate food and medical supplies. "Field tests on the new material show that it can provide cooling of more than seven degrees Celsius," writes Mitchell. "It can also maintain that low temperature for five times longer than using hydrogel alone."


text:
Eisenhower Library, Eisenhower papers, Whitman file
No. 147
Memorandum of Discussion at the
169th Meeting of the National Security Council, Washington,
November 5, 19531
eyes only
The following were present at the 169th meeting of the National Security Council: The President of the United States, presiding; the Under Secretary of State; the Secretary of Defense; the Director, Foreign Operations Administration, and the Acting Director, Office of Defense Mobilization. The Vice President was not present at the meeting because of his absence from the country. Also attending the meeting were the Secretary of the Treasury; the Secretary of Commerce (for Items 2 and 3); the Director, Bureau of the Budget; the Secretary of the Army; the Secretary of the Navy; the Acting Secretary of the Air Force; General Ridgway for the Chairman, Joint Chiefs of Staff; the Acting Chief of Naval Operations; the Acting Chief of Staff, U.S. Air Force; the Acting Commandant, U.S. Marine Corps; the Assistant Secretary of Commerce (for Item 3); Robert R. Bowie, Department of State; the Director of Central Intelligence; the Deputy Assistant to the President; Robert Cutler, Special Assistant to the President; C.D. Jackson, Special Assistant to the President; the Assistant to The Assistant to the President (for Items 1, 2, 3 and 4); the Acting White House Staff Secretary; the Executive Secretary, NSC; and the Deputy Executive Secretary, NSC.
There follows a summary of the discussion at the meeting and the chief points taken.
1. Significant World Developments Affecting U.S. Security
The Director of Central Intelligence informed the Council that no fundamental change in Sino-Soviet relations had occurred since Stalin's death. He pointed out that China's position in the Soviet bloc was not that of a satellite, but that the great dependence of the Chinese on Soviet assistance made it likely that the alliance would remain firm. Mao Tse-tung, Mr. Dulles noted, had a very special status among the heads of the Soviet-bloc states, and Soviet personnel in China, which probably numbered between 20 and 30 thousand, made every effort to avoid direct interference in Chinese affairs.[Page 266]
Mr. Dulles went on to point out that the Soviet Union no longer seemed to be disputing Peiping's authority in such border regions as Manchuria, Sinkiang, and the like. The exception, of course, was Port Arthur, which, however, was covered by a special agreement.2 Mr. Dulles further pointed out that the Kremlin did not really need to exercise direct control over China. The latter was Moscow's only voluntary and genuine ally. It willingly follows the Soviet lead in foreign affairs. There were no discernible differences in this area between the two powers, who actually, for the time being, had common aims in Asia. There was no evidence of any dispute between the Soviets and the Chinese Communists as to the direction of the Vietminh cause in Indochina. Although Chinese Communist aid to the Vietminh had risen to a level of 1000 tons a month, no military adventure along Korean lines by the Chinese Communists seemed in prospect. Mr. Dulles thereafter discussed in some detail, and with the assistance of a chart, the very considerable Soviet deliveries to Communist China of military equipment, industrial equipment, and petroleum products. Of total Communist Chinese imports for 1952 and 1953, Soviet Russia had supplied 53%, the Soviet satellites 10%, and the West 28%. The one remaining difference to be observed in the propaganda lines of the USSR and Communist China was on the status and stature of Mao Tsetung and the latter's contribution to Marxist-Leninist theory and practice. This difference, which had once been notable, was now much less significant, thanks to concessions made by the Soviets to Mao's contributions. From these facts and judgments, Mr. Dulles deduced as conclusions that no early weakening in the Sino-Soviet alliance was to be anticipated. There was little prospect of Titoism in China. . . . .
The National Security Council:3
Noted an oral briefing by the Director of Central Intelligence on the subject, with specific reference to Communist China and its relationship with the USSR.[Page 267]
2. U.S. Economic Defense Policy Toward Hong Kong and Macao (Memos for NSC from Executive Secretary, same subject, dated October 194 and November 4, 1953;5 NSC 152/2 and NSC 122/1)
Mr. Cutler explained the purpose of the new policy, and called the Council's attention to the comments thereon by the Joint Chiefs of Staff, who had stated their preference for the more detailed guidance on this subject provided by NSC 122/1, which would be superseded if the present paper were adopted. He then called upon the Secretary of Commerce6 to speak to the report.
Secretary Weeks replied that the Department of Commerce looked with favor on the greater latitude which would be permitted by adopting the present report as presented by the NSC Planning Board. He then suggested that Assistant Secretary Anderson7 would provide specific details.
Secretary Anderson said that he had two points to make an illustration of Secretary Weeks' general position. The first of these was that the Government of Hong Kong was now acting in a much more effective manner in exercising the necessary controls over trade with Communist China. Secondly, the more detailed policy set forth in NSC 122/1 contained a directive to determine the domestic requirements of Hong Kong. In practice it had proved extremely difficult to make such a determination.
Governor Stassen also stated that he was satisfied with the manner in which the authorities in Hong Kong cooperated with the objectives of the United States, and with the manner in which they were imposing the controls over trade with China which the United States thought requisite.
Secretary Wilson said that the Defense Department regarded the problem of trade between Communist China on the one hand and Hong Kong-Macao on the other, as inherently a detailed and complicated problem. For this reason, he preferred the detailed guidance which had been provided by NSC 122/1, and feared that if it were superseded by the present more general statement, the [Page 268] United States would drift into ways of dealing with Hong Kong which were more lax.
The President repeated the position which he had often taken earlier on such problems, namely, that the only sensible course of action for the United States was to apply the criterion of "the net gain". What do we get out of this policy in terms of what we put in? Trade, said the President, was one of the most powerful weapons of the diplomat. Since Mr. Allen Dulles had just been stressing the importance of trying to weaken the Sino-Soviet alliance, it seemed to the President that trade might be a very useful tool in accomplishing this purpose. In any case, he continued, there was no profit in blindly adhering to a rigid set of rules and methods of dealing with trade with Communist China. We should instead have freedom to act in such a manner as would contribute most to our own advantage in any transactions with Communist China. In fact, the President recommended such a procedure not only with respect to China, but throughout the world. Indeed, he said facetiously and in order to make his point, he would be willing to send jet aircraft to the Chinese Communists if it could be shown to our net advantage, although of course, he added, he could not conceive of any return to the United States which would suitably balance jet planes. The President said also that we could not afford to forget about Japan and its need for economic viability in any discussion of Communist China. If, said the President, we could get the Japanese to send harmless manufactured goods, such as crockery, knives and forks, and wholly non-strategic materials, and sell them to China, this would serve the dual purpose of relieving Communist China's dependence on the USSR and Japan's dependence upon our own Treasury. In conclusion, the President emphasized once again his desire to see, in this and in all similar policy reports, the concept of "net advantage". Papers on such subjects should, of course, strictly control trade with Communist countries in items of clearly strategic significance, but should otherwise provide maximum freedom in permitting a good bargaining position for the United States.
Secretary Wilson continued to state his preference for the statement of policy in NSC 122/1, even though Mr. Cutler pointed out that if experience proved that the new policy was disadvantageous, the Defense Department should feel free to come back and report its findings to the Council. Secretary Wilson also explained his anxiety lest a considerable resumption of trade between Communist China and Japan eventuate in Japanese recognition of Communist China.
The President replied that he was not greatly concerned about this prospect, and Mr. Cutler attempted to reassure Secretary Wilson that the new paper contemplated maintaining a strict embargo [Page 269] on U.S. exports to Communist China, at least until such time as satisfactory settlements were achieved with the Communists in Korea and in other areas around Communist China.
The President expressed doubt as to whether such a strict embargo made sense even in the current situation, but Secretary Wilson stated that although he was a free trader in principle, we were, after all, fighting the Chinese Communists. It was pointed out to Secretary Wilson that the Department of Defense, together with all the other interested departments and agencies, had representation on the Economic Defense Advisory Committee,8 which had prepared the new policy in the first instance.
The President said to Secretary Wilson that there seemed little purpose in setting up committees such as this, on which Defense was represented, if you cannot anticipate good judgment in the decisions and recommendations of such a committee. All that was needed to carry out a wise policy in this field was general guidance, and the President was convinced that the EDAC report and the Planning Board recommendations provided the requisite guidance.
The National Security Council:9
Adopted the recommendations with respect to NSC 152/2 and NSC 122/1 contained in the reference memorandum of October 19.
Note: The recommendations referred to above subsequently approved by the President. NSC 152/2, as amended, subsequently circulated as NSC 152/3.10[Page 270]
3. United States Policy Toward Communist China (NSC 166; Memo for NSC from Executive Secretary, same subject, dated November 4, 1953)11
Mr. Cutler gave a detailed legislative history with regard to the problem of formulating U.S. policy on Communist China. He read and summarized the general considerations and the policy conclusions and courses of action in the current report, and referred to the two main proposals by the Joint Chiefs of Staff for a revision of the paper, including their suggestion that the paper would benefit by the inclusion of a statement that the United States had as an ultimate though not an immediate objective the removal of the present Chinese Communist regime and its replacement by a regime not hostile to the United States.
Secretary Smith said he had no objection to the policy "Carthago delenda est" or, in other words, to the long-range objective which the Joint Chiefs desired to include. The only reason for its omission was that the paper addressed itself to the current situation in Communist China, which offered very little prospect of upsetting the present regime.
The President said it was unfair of Secretary Smith to quote Latin at him when he was already suffering from a severe head cold. He nevertheless endorsed the introduction of the Joint Chiefs' suggestion, as Secretary Smith recommended, in paragraph 3.
General Ridgway stated that General Smith's language met the point raised by the Joint Chiefs of Staff.
Secretary Weeks said he felt it necessary to point out clearly to the members of the Council that the United States was meeting with increasing difficulties in its efforts to prevent our allies from expanding rapidly the volume of their trade with Communist China. Furthermore, businessmen and exporters in the United States were becoming restive as they watched businessmen in other countries gaining economic advantages from this trade, from which they themselves were excluded by their Government. Secretary Weeks said that Assistant Secretary Anderson would subsequently amplify and illustrate what he meant. Meanwhile this was a fact of life which the Council would do well to recognize as it discussed the problem of Communist China.[Page 271]
Mr. Cutler asked Secretary Weeks if his statement amounted to a proposal that we change our policy and ease our present restrictions on trade with Communist China, even before we had achieved a settlement in Korea. Secretary Weeks replied that he was making no proposals whatever, but merely calling the Council's attention to an indisputable fact.
Secretary Smith commented that Secretary Weeks was quite correct in calling the Council's attention to the virtual impossibility of forcing our allies to shun trade with China, and he thought it best to recognize this hard fact by revising paragraphs in the paper which seemed to anticipate a continuation of strict trade controls by our allies.
Governor Stassen concurred, and pointed out that it was going to be very difficult, for example, to prevent the export of antibiotics to Communist China by the nations of the free world. The Department of Commerce would presently have to make a decision as to whether the United States should not do likewise.
Secretary Wilson expressed himself as wholly confused by the trend of Council discussion on "this whole business". He was completely at a loss, he said, as to how you could love the Chinese Communists and fight them at one and the same time.
Secretary Humphrey replied that this was a matter of timing. East-West trade would ultimately have to be opened up. It would be disastrous to do this now in the light of the situation, but in due course we would have to contemplate it.
Secretary Wilson replied that he didn't know very much about these affairs and probably lacked experience, but as far as the Communists were concerned, he was willing to settle for the proposition that if they would stop aggression we would stop trying to undermine their regime. As for the rest of all this, it was too involved for him to see any clear guide.
Mr. Stassen pointed out that naturally this was a complicated problem, and that our policy vis-à-vis the Communists had to distinguish between our attitude toward the peoples of the Communist states and their governments.
The President, directing his remarks to Secretary Wilson, pointed out that things could not be as black-and-white as the Secretary wished. This was one more instance of the validity of the President's view of the "net advantage". The great difficulty, of course, was in the public relations aspect of any policy which involved trading with Communist China. Demagogues would raise a hue and cry about building up the economies of nations who would use their resources to kill our soldiers. Nevertheless, said the President, he shuddered to contemplate the hard and fixed rules which this Government [Page 272] was setting up to guide its policy on trade with the Communist powers.
Secretary Smith, speaking to the issue of trade between Japan and China, pointed out that we must ultimately contemplate a revival of this trade on a considerable scale, unless Secretary Humphrey was prepared to pay the bill for the support of Japan's economy and for the maintenance of her military defense.
Secretary Anderson then offered to illustrate the general point of the need for reviewing our stringent prohibition of trade with Communist China by special reference to antibiotics. If, said Secretary Anderson, we were prepared to loosen up on trade in these items, which the Chinese were desperately anxious to obtain and which our allies were anxious to sell them, it might result in our being able to induce our allies to restrict more effectively their trade with Communist China on items of genuine strategic importance. On the whole, this exchange, said Secretary Anderson, had much to recommend it in terms of the genuine advantage to the United States.
To this argument Secretary Smith added that the State Department was now very greatly concerned over the humanitarian aspect of our embargo on antibiotics. Now that the actual fighting in Korea had ended, the United States was going to be very hard pressed to withstand propaganda that it was deliberately withholding needed drugs from China.
The discussion ended with the proposal by Mr. Cutler for the insertion of language in a new paragraph 5–i to meet the point raised by Mr. Allen Dulles at the conclusion of the intelligence briefing.
The National Security Council:12
- a.
- Adopted the statement of policy contained in NSC 166, subject to the
following changes:
- (1)
- Revise the introduction to paragraph 3 to read as
"3. It would be in the interest of the United States to secure a reorientation of the Chinese Communist regime or its ultimate replacement by a regime which would not be hostile to the United States. However, in the absence of further Chinese Communist aggression or a basic change in the situation, the following policies are currently unacceptable to the United States:"
- (2)
- Page 8, subparagraph 5-g: Delete the words "free world".
- (3)
- Page 8, subparagraph 5-h: Insert, after "Government of China", the words "and the representative of China in the United Nations and other international bodies;".
- (4)
- Page 8: Insert a new
paragraph 5–i to read as follows, and change the
present 5–i to 5-j:
"i. Employ all feasible means, covert and overt, to impair Sino-Soviet relations."
- b.
- Agreed that the Economic Defense Advisory Committee should review, in the light of the discussion, current policy in NSC 152/3 with respect to U.S. controls on transactions with Communist China, and report to the Council the results of such review.
Note: The statement of policy contained in NSC 166, as amended, subsequently approved by the President, circulated as NSC 166/l,13 and referred to OCB as the coordinating agency designated by the President. The action in b above subsequently transmitted to EDAC.
4. United States Objectives and Courses of Action With Respect to Formosa and the Chinese National Government (NSC 146/1;14 Memos for NSC from Executive Secretary, same subject, dated November 3 and 4, 195315)
Mr. Cutler sketched the background of previous Council efforts to formulate a policy on this subject, and briefly explained the main points and chief issues in the present draft report.
At the conclusion of Mr. Cutler's remarks, Secretary Wilson inquired whether the proposed policy statement on Formosa was to be viewed as a temporary policy of expediency or a long-term policy. Mr. Cutler replied that of course every policy recommended to the President by the National Security Council was subject to review, but that the present policy would presumably stand, if approved, until the Council decided to change it. It was only in that sense that it could be described as an interim policy.
Secretary Wilson said that he thought the present policy had more of an interim character than Mr. Cutler had ascribed to it. What, for example, would the United States do when Chiang Kai-shek disappeared from the scene?
Mr. Cutler expressed some hesitation in answering this question, but said he presumed that we would recognize whoever turned out to be Chiang's successor as head of the Chinese National Government. [Page 274] Secretary Wilson answered that of course we could recognize Chiang Kai-shek as the ruler of the Island of Formosa, but we would soon have to take a more realistic view of the status and power of the Generalissimo, who, in Secretary Wilson's view, was very much like the Pretenders to various vacant thrones in Europe and no more likely than these ever to recover his lost power and position in China. In other words, said Secretary Wilson, we have just got to get ourselves off the hook of imagining and treating Chiang Kai-shek as the potential ruler of mainland China. Mr. Cutler said he thought he had better ask State to speak to this point.
Secretary Smith stated that while there was much realism in the views that Secretary Wilson had expressed, there was for the time being no good alternative to our continued recognition of Chiang Kai-shek. To this remark, Secretary Humphrey added, speaking to Secretary Smith, "You mean, in other words, that we are stuck with it." Secretary Smith said yes, and the President said that we could not afford to restrict our recognition of Chiang Kai-shek to the mere leadership of Formosa.
Mr. Cutler then pointed out that the most controversial issues which had arisen in the Planning Board during the formulation of the present report had concerned paragraphs 12–a and 23, on the subject of military and economic assistance. To emphasize these issues, Mr. Cutler invited the Council's attention to the total figures for proposed U.S. assistance in these fields as set forth in the Financial Appendix to the report.16 Some $50 million of added military assistance was proposed for Formosa in Fiscal 1955, and the question which had disturbed certain members of the Planning Board was whether this increase in military assistance was justified by what the Chinese National Government would be able to do in advancing United States objectives.
With respect to the Financial Appendix, the Director of the Budget17 expressed doubts as to its completeness and validity. He pointed out that the Financial Appendix included no estimate to cover the costs of raids on shipping or on mainland China. Moreover, there was not even an assumption as to when the military forces we were equipping in Formosa would be ready for action or, indeed, where such military forces could be used outside of Formosa itself. Finally, Mr. Dodge said he was inclined to dispute the [Page 275] statement that 350,000 men would be available when equipped by the United States. He believed the number considerably less.
Secretary Wilson expressed the firm opinion that we should start to slow down the rate of our assistance in building up these forces in Formosa. It might well prove eventually that the money being expended there was money being poured down a rathole.
Governor Stassen, however, took issue with Secretary Wilson on the value of Formosa, stressing among other things its symbolic value. It was, in his opinion, the Berlin of Asia, and should not be given up.
The President observed that as it seemed to him, and as he had said before, none of these policies should be based on any concept of working towards a specific date for D–Day readiness. Instead, we should attempt to build up over a long term. As for the Formosa paper, the considerable hike in the funds allocated for Formosa in Fiscal 1955 seemed to him to contemplate just such a D–Day readiness concept.
Agreeing with the President, Secretary Wilson suggested that instead of adding another $50 million for assistance to Formosa in Fiscal 1955, such an amount should be subtracted from what we were currently giving. The President said that this was more or less what he meant.
The President inquired what, precisely, we hoped to get as a result of the additional $50 million of assistance, and Governor Stassen replied that we hoped to be able to provide more jet aircraft and destroyer escorts for the Chinese Nationalist air force and Navy.
Mr. Dodge again expressed his concern over the lack of firmness in the Financial Appendix, and his added anxiety that the maintenance of such a considerable military establishment would completely upset the balance of the economy of Formosa.
It was pointed out that the Council did not actually give its approval to the figures in a financial appendix, and that the final figure would evolve from the normal budgetary process.
Secretary Humphrey then inquired whether Chiang Kai-shek really represented anything more substantial than a vague threat to mainland China. The President replied that in effect that was about it, but Mr. Cutler pointed out that this was perhaps not quite accurate, since in case of general war there were 350,000 Chinese Nationalist soldiers who might be very useful to the United States.
Secretary Smith warmly supported the point made by Mr. Cutler, and stressed the deterrent value of the threat posed by the existence of these armed forces on the Island of Formosa. He was certain that their mere existence was sufficient to hold down a considerable number of Chinese Communist divisions on the mainland [Page 276] opposite Formosa. These divisions were at least not available for further aggression in Asia and on the whole, said Secretary Smith, he thought it would be cheaper for the United States to arm and maintain 500,000 soldiers on Formosa if that number of men were available. He said that he was not impressed with the argument that these Chinese Nationalist troops might never actually engage in combat. After all, we hope to God that the armed forces of the United States, which we maintain at such great cost, will never have to fight. So it was in the case of the Chinese Nationalists.
The President said that he realized the relevance of Secretary Smith's argument, but he still questioned whether we needed to increase the figure which we proposed to pay out in military assistance to Formosa. Would it not, he inquired, be better to leave the actual figure hazy and indefinite until such time as we can see something concrete in the way of a return for the money we propose to spend?
Mr. Cutler pointed out that there were really three choices open to the Council with respect to this issue of the amount of military assistance to be provided to Formosa. One, we could leave paragraph 12–a as it was now written. Two, we could revise the paragraph in order to stretch out the time at which we would achieve the desired goals or, three, we could fix on the precise amount of money which we would provide for military assistance.
Mr. Dodge thought none of these alternatives particularly desirable, and suggested a much more general phraseology which would prescribe the amount of military assistance to be provided Formosa in terms of "the U.S. national interest."
The President speculated that there presumably was a real need to increase the naval and air capabilities of the Chinese Nationalists. Just how much good this would do was not wholly clear to him, he repeated, but it would at least increase their capabilities for raids. General White18 added, in response to a query of the President, that this would also provide a needed capability to assist in the air defense of the island.
Mr. Cutler again pointed out that the Council must decide whether it wished this military assistance continued at the present rate, at an increased rate, or at a lesser rate. Mr. Dodge's suggestion of a rate commensurate with the national interest, said Mr. Cutler, would be subject to so many different interpretations that it scarcely seemed practical.
Secretary Wilson, however, said he was inclined to agree with Mr. Dodge's general point of view. He was particularly concerned, he went on, that there was no prospect of replacements for this [Page 277] Chinese Nationalist army, which was, of course growing old; nor were there any reserves of consequence.
The President commented that it was vital to induce natives of Formosa to join this army; otherwise the whole thing would go to pot after a certain number of years. Nevertheless, said the President, he did not see how Mr. Dodge's suggestion would work as guidance for those in the departments and agencies of the Government who were charged with detailed planning.
After further discussion, Mr. Cutler suggested that the problem be met by the addition of a footnote to paragraph 12–a which would indicate that paragraph 12–a and the rate of military assistance to Formosa would be subsequently reviewed after the receipt of recommendations from the Secretary of Defense and the Joint Chiefs of Staff as to the level of forces and expenditure to be provided the Chinese National Government after the end of this fiscal year.
The National Security Council:19
Adopted the statement of policy contained in the reference report (NSC 146/1) subject to the following changes:
- a.
- Page 3, paragraph 11: Revise the 2nd line to read as follows: "Government to develop and extend logistical support of".
- b.
- Page 3, subparagraph 12-a:
- (1)
- Delete the word "present" in the first line.
- (2)
- Insert an asterisk after the period at the end of the subparagraph.
- (3)
- Insert a footnote to this subparagraph reading as
"This subparagraph is subject to review in the light of recommendations by the Department of Defense regarding Chinese Nationalist force levels and the rate of military assistance to be provided the Chinese National Government beyond Fiscal Year 1954."
Note: The statement of policy contained in NSC 146/1, as amended, subsequently approved by the President, circulated as NSC 146/2,20 and referred to OCB as the coordinating agency designated by the President. The Secretary of Defense subsequently requested to submit for Council consideration the recommendations referred to in the above footnote to subparagraph 12-a.
. . . . . .
- Drafted by Gleason on Nov. 6.↩
- See footnote ‡, Document 50.↩
- The following paragraph constitutes NSC Action No. 950. (S/S–NSC (Miscellaneous) files, lot 65 D 95, "Record of Actions by the National Security Council, 1953")↩
- Lay's Oct. 19 memorandum has not been found in Department of State files, but references to it indicate that it recommended that NSC 152/2 (see Document 131) should be amended by the addition of three paragraphs and that the amended paper should supersede NSC 122/1 (Document 6). The proposed paragraphs were included in NSC 152/3, "Economic Defense," Nov. 6, 1953; see footnote 10, below.↩
- Lay's Nov. 4 memorandum enclosed a memorandum of Nov. 3 from the Joint Chiefs of Staff to the Secretary of Defense endorsing the proposed additions to NSC 152/2 but recommending that NSC 122/1 should not be superseded. (S/S–NSC files, lot 63 D 351, NSC 152 Series)↩
- Sinclair Weeks.↩
- Assistant Secretary of Commerce for International Affairs Samuel W. Anderson.↩
- The Economic Defense Advisory Committee (EDAC) was an interdepartmental committee representing 11 agencies; its functions were to develop recommendations for U.S. security export controls and U.S. policy concerning the security export controls of other countries and to coordinate U.S. activities in this area.↩
- The following paragraph constitutes NSC Action No. 951. (S/S–NSC (Miscellaneous) files, lot 65 D 95, "Record of Actions by the National Security Council, 1953")↩
NSC 152/3, "Economic Defense," Nov. 6, is identical to NSC 152/2 except for the addition of three paragraphs.
Paragraph 17 reads as follows:
"Hong Kong and Macao are colonies of friendly countries and their economic needs should be viewed in that light. However, the relationship of the economies of Hong Kong and Macao with that of Communist China is so close that the risk of the circumvention and frustration of economic defense controls toward Communist China is greater through transactions with these western colonies than through similar transactions with other free world countries. This danger is greater in the case of Macao because of its history of uncontrolled trade and the unreliability of its export controls. It is therefore necessary to take special care in the control of transactions with Hong Kong and Macao."
Paragraphs 37 and 38 read as follows:
"In applying controls, accord to Hong Kong treatment consistent with that generally accorded cooperating countries while employing such special care as may be necessary to prevent frustration of economic defense controls on transactions with Communist China.
"To the same end apply more stringent controls on trade with Macao as may be appropriate."
The only copy of NSC 152/3 in Department of State files includes additions and revisions made between Nov. 6, 1953, and June 18, 1954, but related documentation in the NSC 152 file indicates that no changes were made in these paragraphs during that time. (S/S–NSC files, lot 63 D 351, NSC 152 Series) For text of NSC 152/3 as revised on June 18, 1954, see vol. i, Part 2, p. 1207.↩
- See footnotes 1 and 2, Document 145.↩
- The lettered subparagraphs below constitute NSC Action No. 952. (S/S–NSC (Miscellaneous) files, lot 65 D 95, "Record of Actions by the National Security Council, 1953")↩
- Dated Nov. 6, Document 149.↩
- See footnote 2, Document 144.↩
- Lay's memorandum of Nov. 3 enclosed a Financial Appendix to NSC 146/1, prepared by the Department of Defense, with figures on aid to Formosa during fiscal years 1951–1956; his Nov. 4 memorandum enclosed a JCS memorandum of Nov. 3 to the Secretary of Defense stating that they found NSC 146/1 satisfactory from the military point of view and recommended his concurrence in it. (S/S–NSC files, lot 63 D 351, NSC 146 Series)↩
- According to the Financial Appendix, the total amounts programmed for military and economic assistance for Formosa (in millions of dollars) were as follows: FY 1951–1953, 802.6; FY 1954, 497.4; FY 1955, 410.8; FY 1956, 371.7; the total value of the actual and projected assistance to Formosa (in millions of dollars) was as follows: FY 1951–1953, 462.8; FY 1954, 333.7; FY 1955, 380.4; FY 1956, 347.7.↩
- Joseph M. Dodge.↩
- Lt. Gen. Thomas D. White, Vice Chief of Staff of the Air Force.↩
- The paragraphs below constitute NSC Action No. 953. (S/S–NSC (Miscellaneous) files, lot 65 D 95, "Record of Actions by the National Security Council, 1953")↩
- Dated Nov. 6, Document 150.↩


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|Eric Carle
|Eric Carle
|Cover artist
|United States
|Children's literature (Children's picture book)
|World Publishing Company (US)
Hamish Hamilton (UK)
Publication date
|June 3, 1969
|Media type
|Hardcover, Board book
The classic album of images of all times, from generation to generation, is sold somewhere in the world every 30 seconds! Did you share it with a child or a grandchild in your life?
Including a special feature, die-cut, this beautiful cardboard book edition, perfect for teaching the days of the week, offers readers an interactive experience.
The very hungry caterpillar literally makes its way through the pages of the book, and directly into the heart of your child.
Manual of the mother
"Beautifully illustrated, brilliantly innovative.
editorial reviews
In the light of the moon, there was a small egg on a leaf. "Thus begins Eric Carle's modern classic, The Very Hungry Caterpillar.Over 12 million copies of this book have been sold in their original and full-size edition, and the beloved the history of science and gluttony has been translated into 20 languages.This miniature edition of five by four inches is really tiny, with a tiny type, but it is a good size for small hands to hold and browse the pictures, the book is complete in every detail, following the path of the voracious caterpillar as it makes its way through an apple (and the pages of the book) on Monday, two pears on Tuesday, three plums on Wednesday, and so on, through cherry pie and sausage - until you're very fat and with stomach ache ... And you certainly know what happens next! Kids love the metamorphosis stories of butterflies, and this popular favorite in sign to count and the days of the week as well. for the fans of the caterpillar. (Baby to preschool)
About the Author:
Eric Carle is hailed and loved as the creator of brilliantly illustrated books and innovative design for very young children. His best-known work, The Very Hungry Caterpillar, has made its way into the hearts of literally millions of children around the world and has been translated into more than 25 languages and has sold more than twelve million copies. Since Caterpillar was published in 1969, Eric Carle has illustrated more than sixty books, many of the best sellers, most of whom he also wrote.
Born in Syracuse, New York, in 1929, Eric Carle moved with his parents to Germany when he was six years old; He was educated there and graduated from the prestigious art school, the Akademie der bildenden Kunste, in Stuttgart. But his dream was always to return to America, the land of his happiest memories of childhood. Then, in 1952, with a thin wallet in his hand and forty dollars in his pocket, he arrived in New York. He soon found a job as a graphic designer in the promotion department of The New York Times. Later, he was the art director of an advertising agency for many years.
One day, the respected educator and author, Bill Martin Jr., called to ask Carle to illustrate a story he had written. Martin's gaze had been caught by a striking image of a red lobster that Carle had created for an ad. Brown bear, brown bear, what do you see? It was the result of their collaboration. It is still a favorite among children all over the world. This was the beginning of Eric Carle's real career. Soon Carle was writing her own stories, too. His first totally original book was 1,2,3 for the Zoo, followed soon after by the famous classic, The Very Hungry Caterpillar.
Eric Carle's art is distinctive and instantly recognizable. His work of art is created in collage technique, using hand-painted papers, which he cuts and layers to form bright and cheerful images. Many of his books have an additional dimension: die-cut pages, twinkling lights like The Very Lonely Firefly, even the realistic sound of a cricket song like The Very Quiet Cricket, giving them a playful quality: a toy that can be read, a book that can be touched Children also enjoy working in the university and many send them photos that they have created, inspired by their illustrations. He receives hundreds of letters each week from his young admirers. The secret of the appeal of Eric Carle's books lies in his intuitive understanding and respect for children, who instinctively perceive in him someone who shares his most precious thoughts and emotions.
The themes of their stories generally come from their extensive knowledge and love of nature, an interest shared by most young children. In addition to being beautiful and entertaining, his books always offer the child the opportunity to learn something about the world around them. It is his interest in children, his feelings, and his curiosity, his creativity and his intellectual growth that, in addition to his beautiful work of art, makes the reading of his books an experience so stimulating and lasting.
Carle says: "With many of my books, I try to bridge the gap between home and school, and for me, the home represents or should represent: warmth, safety, toys, holding hands, being held back. a strange and new place for a child, will it be a happy place, will there be new people, a teacher, classmates, will they be friendly? I think the passage from home to school is the second biggest trauma of childhood, the first is, of course, to be born In fact, in both cases, we leave a place of warmth and protection for someone unknown.The unknown often brings fear.In my books, I try to counteract this fear, to replace it with a positive message. that child are naturally creative and eager to learn, I want to show them that learning is really fascinating and fun.


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Medical Micropigmentation by the industry experts
Our medical micropigmentation procedures are performed by Candice Watson, who is an international micropigmentation expert with over 30 years of experience.
All medical micropigmentation procedures are performed to the strictest medical standards and meet both the Dubai Municipality and the Ministry of Health regulations.
Get in touch today using the contact form or ask Candice Watson a question using the WhatsApp button!
For pigment loss in the skin, we mix several shades of pigment and apply each in a specialist way to match Vitiligo to the surrounding skin tone with very natural results.
Areola Tattooing
We apply varying tones of pigments to achieve a very natural areola with a 3D look. Our areola tattooing technique can define or reshape areola for a cosmetic solution and is an excellent solution for post-surgery patients.
Burn Scars
Burns nearly always cause a massive amount of trauma and damage to the skin. A burns treatment starts with MCA and Dry Needling to flatten the burn scar and in some cases, this process naturally re-pigments the burn scar. If more pigment is required, we apply multiple pigment colours to the burn scar to match it to the surrounding skin tone.
Skin Camouflage for Imperfections
Ranging from Acne Scars, Ice Pick Scars, Stretch Marks, Fine Lines and Wrinkles. We flatten the imperfection with MCA and add pigment as required.
For hair loss on the scalp or eyebrows, we add pigments to achieve a look of very short stubs of hair on the scalp and natural hair strokes on the eyebrows.
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Effectively remove unwanted body art tattoos in a very safe and natural way. Our removals system is the best available with far superior results and safer than laser tattoo removal.
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We apply several sessions of MCA and Dry Needling to flatten the scar. In most cases, this process naturally adds skin pigment to the scar achieving a very natural look.
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The skin is not one colour, but several. Our expert technique achieves very natural results mimicking a client's skin tone. We match any scar or skin damage to the surrounding skin tone.
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Had a poor quality semi permanent makeup procedure and want it removed or corrected? We expertly remove and correct poorly performed semi permanent makeup procedures and expertly apply pigment to the look you originally wanted.
Exclusive Aesthetic are the micropigmentation specialists to the Middle East, offering the complete range of Medical Micropigmentation treatments to the highest industry standards.
Medical Micropigmentation encompasses a variety of treatments to correct and conceal imperfections and damage to the skin using the process of micropigmentation where we implant non-permanent pigments in the epidermis (the outer layers of the skin).
We make every effort to ensure our treatments are as comfortable as possible. We only use the best micropigmentation machines finely tuned to cause the minimum trauma to the skin. Less trauma means our treatments are as pain-free as possible.
Medical micropigmentation procedures can last for 2 to 3 years. For clients in the Middle East, we recommend a refresher appointment every 12 to 18 months to keep the pigment looking fresh and to make any adjustments, so the results continue to match any changes in the surrounding skin tone and colour.
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Medical Micropigmentation treatments are available for men and women of any age.
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By following the correct aftercare procedure, Micropigmentation can last for two to three years.
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All Dubai procedures are performed under the licence of the London Centre for Aesthetic Surgery (LCAS), Healthcare City, Dubai, United Arab Emirates and conform to the highest medical standards.


text:
Practical Guidance On Uncomplicated Secrets For Buying Needle Valve
Article Needle Valves (A6fa207)
The body is forged 9 chromium alloy steel developed for high temperature service and the 410ss plug has proven especially durable over the years.The nominal pressure of needle valve is PN1.6MPa, PN2.5MPa, PN4.0MPa, PN6.4MPa, PN10.0MPa, PN15.0MPa, PN20.0MPa, PN32.0MPa, PN40.0MPa 1000PSI, 2000PSI, 3000PSI, 6000PSI, 10000PSI. Migasnet01_novi715MET-FLOW Controls Pvt. On the other hand, disadvantages of using diaphragm valves include only being able to use them in moderate temperatures of -60 to 450 degrees Fahrenheit and in moderate pressures of needle valve appr.... Read more


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So many pieces of cloth and patches of leather lying around-time to make a beautiful quilt out of them! This requires significant effort and time though and a steady supply of buttons. The player who picks the best parches and combines them most skillfully into a patchwork quilt wins the game.
Ages 8 and up
Players 2
Time to Play: 30 min


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West Ham star flattered by Reds links
West Ham loan star Manuel Lanzini is flattered to be linked with Liverpool but is happy that the Hammers want to keep him at Upton Park, he told ESPN FC.
The Argentine midfielder has impressed since joining West Ham on a season-long deal from Al-Jazira in the summer.
Lanzini has scored five goals in 14 games in all competitions this term, including one against Liverpool in the 3-0 win at Anfield in August.
Liverpool are reportedly keeping tabs on Lanzini's situation at Upton Park and were weighing up a move to sign the attacker ahead of West Ham.
However, West Ham co-chairman David Sullivan has warned rival clubs off Lanzini by insisting his club have an "unbreakable option" to sign the South American permanently.
Lanzini is aware of the comments from Sullivan and said he is happy at Upton Park as he prepared for Sunday's clash with Tottenham.
"I heard the president say that the club wants me to stay. I am fine here," Lanzini said.
"It's an absolute honour that a team like Liverpool has put an eye on me, but at moment I am focused on the match against Tottenham. It's a good team to play against."
Source: ESPN
This story has been reproduced from today's media. It does not necessarily represent the position of Liverpool Football Club.


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This course is a writing workshop designed to investigate, challenge, and use contemporary methods of production and distribution of poetry. Working on the page and online, we will write and read poems in relationship to online culture, popular culture, social media (Facebook, Twitter, Tumblr, Instagram) and platforms of communication such as texts messages, email, YouTube, etc. What does it mean for the poet to be seemingly personal or impersonal on the internet or the page? What does it mean for the poet to withhold, alter, create, and reimagine a history (personal or otherwise) on these platforms? We will study early and modern poetic "brand-makers" such as Walt Whitman, Allen Ginsberg, Anne Sexton, and others. We will think about the internet and poetry as countercultural forces.
Students are not allowed to take more than one Reading and Writing course per term.
Corequisite: Students will be required to attend Wednesday literary evenings.


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Features blogs with news, tips, advice and information for writers, editors and aspiring writers.
Regular Blogs
Provides tips and resources for freelancers who write fiction, non-fiction and copywriting services.
Offers a resource about grammar, vocabulary, and useful foreign expressions. Includes tests to help users diagnose weaknesses in their writing and spelling.
Offers useful information on screenwriting for film. John also takes questions from readers on the art of screenwriting.
Furnishes information on this writer who is currently working on earning his MFA degree from Pacific University in Oregon. Find Peake's published writings here as well as his essays. You can also use this blog to discover other writer bloggers.
This writing website contains book reviews and quotes. Features annual writing competitions like NaNoWriMo, poems and other works. Also provides information about technical writing.
Offers the perspective of a writer on the writing process and business. Includes writing tips and interviews with writers like John Grisham.
This blog posts different writing styles and mini grammar lessons for freelance writers and students.
A weblog published by Craig Mazin and Ted Elliot that provides information, theory and debate for professional screenwriters - on both film and television. Categories range from copyright law to WGA (Writers Guild of America) issues. First post dates back on the 10th day of January 2005.
Income-boosting resource for commercial writers includes information about copywriting, carving a niche, and what a commercial freelancer can do about health insurance.
Dedicated to writing, this blog features the blogger's quest to write his first novel. It includes his advice to other writers, notes and ideas about his first novel, and his personal story.
The central theme of this blog is information about writing and publishing, including e-publishing.
This writing blog provides commentary on the current state of the travel publishing world. The website has resources for travel writers interested in improving their craft. You can also find interviews with travel writers on this website as well as tips on travel writing leads.


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Thursday, October 17, 2013
MUST WATCH: [Video] - 10.17.13: President Obama Speaks on Reopening The Government
Side Note: Lawd.. when President Obama stated that the GOP / Tea Party should "win an election", if they wanted to change policies. I died. LMFAO!!!!!!!
Posted by The Chocolate Chick at Thursday, October 17, 2013
Categories: Democrats, Economy, Government Shutdown, politics, President Barack Obama, Press Conference, Republicans, Tea Party, Videos
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11 Years
- Sep 25, 2008
- 8
- 0
- 7
How do I get my chicken to lay in the laying box or at least away from where they roost. I have two nice laying boxes that my old chickens (now gone) and my bantam always used to use. The new chickens started using the laying boxes but then I suspect the Astralorps have gotten too big to fit in the boxes and the other chickens are following suit. I even put a box with low sides and no top where I had the laying boxes and the young chickens still make a nest in the corner where they roost and lay their eggs there. I then have to get a rake and pull the eggs across the litter I have down for them that also has chook poo on it. Is there a way to force them into the boxes or even the box with low sides and no top or will they just keep laying where they want to?


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Following the first Q-quatics board meeting on 16 January 2017 was a seminar by Dr. William Cheung on, "Applying macroecology to project future changes in marine ecosystems under climate change" held at the Conference Room of IRRI Khush Hall in Los Baños, Laguna, Philippines which was organized mainly for the FishBase, SeaLifeBase, Aquamaps and CoL staff.
Dr. Cheung is the Deputy Board Chair of Q-quatics and currently an Associate Professor at the Changing Ocean Research Unit and Director of Science for the Nippon Foundation – Nereus Program of the University of British Columbia (UBC). His main research focus is assessing impacts of fishing and climate change on marine ecosystems and their goods and services, and studying ways to reconcile trade-offs in their management.
According to Dr. Cheung, macroecological patterns in the oceans, including species richness, body size and productivity are strongly related to environmental conditions. Ocean warming, deoxygenation and acidification are re-shaping macroecological patterns, affecting the structure and functions of marine ecosystems. Thus, development and application of macroecological theories can inform us about the future of marine ecosystems under climate change. Using a large cross-taxon (from phytoplanktons to mammals) biodiversity database, Dr. Cheung demonstrated that temperature and thermal strategies of species explain global patterns of marine species richness. Lastly, he presented and discussed the use of simulation models that integrate species' thermal strategies and eco-physiology to project future changes in macroecological patterns of marine ecosystems, and the implications for the availability of ecosystem services from the oceans.
To view his full presentation, please click here.


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Schlumbergera is a small genus of cacti with six species found in the coastal mountains of south-eastern Brazil. Plants grow on trees or rocks in habitats that are generally shady with high humidity, and can be quite different in appearance from their desert-dwelling cousins. Most species of Schlumbergera have stems which resemble leaf-like pads joined one to the other and flowers which appear from areoles at the joints and tips of the stems. Two species have cylindrical stems more similar to other cacti. In Brazil, the genus is referred to as Flor de Maio (May flower), reflecting the period in which they flower in the Southern Hemisphere.
The Tulip was actually originally a wild flower growing in Central Asia. It was first cultivated by the Turks as early as 1000AD. Mania in Turkey struck in the 16th century, at the time of the Ottoman Empire, when the Sultan demanded cultivation of particular blooms for his pleasure. The name 'tulip' came from the Turkish word for turban. Tulips in Turkey continued to remain popular, and in the early 18th century, the 'Age of the Tulips' or 'Tulip Era' began. There were tulip festivals and it was a crime (punishable by exile) to buy or sell tulips outside the capital.